1GROFF(1)                    General Commands Manual                   GROFF(1)
2
3
4

NAME

6       groff - front-end for the groff document formatting system
7

SYNOPSIS

9       groff [-abcegijklpstzCEGNRSUVXZ] [-d cs] [-D arg] [-f fam] [-F dir]
10             [-I dir] [-K arg] [-L arg] [-m name] [-M dir] [-n num] [-o list]
11             [-P arg] [-r cn] [-T dev] [-w name] [-W name] [file ...]
12       groff -h | --help
13       groff -v | --version [option ...]
14

DESCRIPTION

16       This  document  describes the groff program, the main front-end for the
17       groff document formatting system.  The groff program and macro suite is
18       the implementation of a roff(7) system within the free software collec‐
19       tion GNU ⟨http://www.gnu.org⟩.  The groff system has  all  features  of
20       the classical roff, but adds many extensions.
21
22       The  groff  program allows to control the whole groff system by command
23       line options.  This is a great  simplification  in  comparison  to  the
24       classical case (which uses pipes only).
25

OPTIONS

27       The  command line is parsed according to the usual GNU convention.  The
28       whitespace between a command line option and its argument is  optional.
29       Options  can be grouped behind a single ‘-’ (minus character).  A file‐
30       name of - (minus character) denotes the standard input.
31
32       As groff is a wrapper program for troff both programs share  a  set  of
33       options.  But the groff program has some additional, native options and
34       gives a new meaning to some troff options.  On the other hand, not  all
35       troff options can be fed into groff.
36
37   Native groff Options
38       The  following options either do not exist for troff or are differently
39       interpreted by groff.
40
41       -D arg Set default input encoding used by preconv to arg.  Implies -k.
42
43       -e     Preprocess with eqn.
44
45       -g     Preprocess with grn.
46
47       -G     Preprocess with grap.  Implies -p.
48
49       -h
50       --help Print a help message.
51
52       -I dir This option may be used to specify a  directory  to  search  for
53              files  (both  those on the command line and those named in .psbb
54              and .so requests, and \X'ps: import' and \X'ps: file'  escapes).
55              The current directory is always searched first.  This option may
56              be specified more than once; the directories are searched in the
57              order  specified.   No  directory  search is performed for files
58              specified using an absolute path.  This option  implies  the  -s
59              option.
60
61       -j     Preprocess with chem.  Implies -p.
62
63       -k     Preprocess  with  preconv.   This  is  run before any other pre‐
64              processor.  Please refer to preconv's manual page for its behav‐
65              iour if no -K (or -D) option is specified.
66
67       -K arg Set input encoding used by preconv to arg.  Implies -k.
68
69       -l     Send  the output to a spooler program for printing.  The command
70              that should be used for this is specified by the  print  command
71              in the device description file, see groff_font(5).  If this com‐
72              mand is not present, the output is piped into the lpr(1) program
73              by default.  See options -L and -X.
74
75       -L arg Pass  arg  to  the spooler program.  Several arguments should be
76              passed with a separate -L option each.  Note that groff does not
77              prepend  ‘-’  (a  minus  sign)  to  arg before passing it to the
78              spooler program.
79
80       -N     Don't allow newlines within eqn delimiters.  This is the same as
81              the -N option in eqn.
82
83       -p     Preprocess with pic.
84
85       -P -option
86       -P -option -P arg
87              Pass  -option  or  -option arg to the postprocessor.  The option
88              must be specified with the necessary preceding minus sign(s) ‘-’
89              or ‘--’ because groff does not prepend any dashes before passing
90              it to the postprocessor.  For example, to pass a  title  to  the
91              gxditview postprocessor, the shell command
92
93                     groff -X -P -title -P 'groff it' foo
94
95              is equivalent to
96
97                     groff -X -Z foo | gxditview -title 'groff it' -
98
99       -R     Preprocess  with  refer.   No  mechanism is provided for passing
100              arguments to refer because most refer  options  have  equivalent
101              language  elements  that  can  be specified within the document.
102              See refer(1) for more details.
103
104       -s     Preprocess with soelim.
105
106       -S     Safer mode.  Pass the -S option to pic and disable the following
107              troff requests: .open, .opena, .pso, .sy, and .pi.  For security
108              reasons, safer mode is enabled by default.
109
110       -t     Preprocess with tbl.
111
112       -T dev Set output device to dev.  For this device, troff generates  the
113              intermediate output; see groff_out(5).  Then groff calls a post‐
114              processor to convert troff's intermediate output  to  its  final
115              format.  Real devices in groff are
116
117                     dvi    TeX DVI format (postprocessor is grodvi).
118
119                     html
120                     xhtml  HTML  and  XHTML  output (preprocessors are soelim
121                            and pre-grohtml, postprocessor is post-grohtml).
122
123                     lbp    Canon CAPSL printers (LBP-4 and LBP-8 series laser
124                            printers; postprocessor is grolbp).
125
126                     lj4    HP LaserJet4 compatible (or other PCL5 compatible)
127                            printers (postprocessor is grolj4).
128
129                     ps     PostScript output (postprocessor is grops).
130
131                     pdf    Portable Document Format (PDF) output (postproces‐
132                            sor is gropdf).
133
134              For  the  following  TTY output devices (postprocessor is always
135              grotty), -T selects the output encoding:
136
137                     ascii  7bit ASCII.
138
139                     cp1047 Latin-1 character set for EBCDIC hosts.
140
141                     latin1 ISO 8859-1.
142
143                     utf8   Unicode character set  in  UTF-8  encoding.   This
144                            mode has the most useful fonts for TTY mode, so it
145                            is the best mode for TTY output.
146
147              The following arguments select gxditview as the  ‘postprocessor’
148              (it is rather a viewing program):
149
150                     X75    75dpi resolution, 10pt document base font.
151
152                     X75-12 75dpi resolution, 12pt document base font.
153
154                     X100   100dpi resolution, 10pt document base font.
155
156                     X100-12
157                            100dpi resolution, 12pt document base font.
158
159              The default device is ps.
160
161       -U     Unsafe  mode.  Reverts to the (old) unsafe behaviour; see option
162              -S.
163
164       -v
165       --version
166              Output version information of groff and of all programs that are
167              run  by  it;  that  is,  the given command line is parsed in the
168              usual way, passing -v to all subprograms.
169
170       -V     Output the pipeline that would be run by  groff  (as  a  wrapper
171              program)  on  the  standard  output,  but do not execute it.  If
172              given more than once, the commands are both printed on the stan‐
173              dard error and run.
174
175       -X     Use  gxditview  instead  of  using  the  usual  postprocessor to
176              (pre)view a document.  The printing spooler behavior as outlined
177              with options -l and -L is carried over to gxditview(1) by deter‐
178              mining an argument for the -printCommand option of gxditview(1).
179              This  sets  the  default Print action and the corresponding menu
180              entry to that value.  -X only produces good results  with  -Tps,
181              -TX75,  -TX75-12, -TX100, and -TX100-12.  The default resolution
182              for previewing -Tps output is 75dpi;  this  can  be  changed  by
183              passing the -resolution option to gxditview, for example
184
185                     groff -X -P-resolution -P100 -man foo.1
186
187       -z     Suppress  output  generated  by  troff.  Only error messages are
188              printed.
189
190       -Z     Do not automatically postprocess groff  intermediate  output  in
191              the usual manner.  This will cause the troff output to appear on
192              standard output, replacing the usual postprocessor  output;  see
193              groff_out(5).
194
195   Transparent Options
196       The  following  options  are transparently handed over to the formatter
197       program troff that is called by groff subsequently.  These options  are
198       described in more detail in troff(1).
199
200       -a     ASCII approximation of output.
201
202       -b     Backtrace on error or warning.
203
204       -c     Disable color output.  Please consult the grotty(1) man page for
205              more details.
206
207       -C     Enable compatibility mode.
208
209       -d cs
210       -d name=s
211              Define string.
212
213       -E     Disable troff error messages.
214
215       -f fam Set default font family.
216
217       -F dir Set path for font DESC files.
218
219       -i     Process standard input after the specified input files.
220
221       -m name
222              Include  macro  file  name.tmac   (or   tmac.name);   see   also
223              groff_tmac(5).
224
225       -M dir Path for macro files.
226
227       -n num Number the first page num.
228
229       -o list
230              Output only pages in list.
231
232       -r cn
233       -r name=n
234              Set number register.
235
236       -w name
237              Enable warning name.  See troff(1) for names.
238
239       -W name
240              disable warning name.  See troff(1) for names.
241

USING GROFF

243       The  groff  system implements the infrastructure of classical roff; see
244       roff(7) for a survey on how a roff system works in general.  Due to the
245       front-end  programs  available  within the groff system, using groff is
246       much easier than classical roff.  This section gives an overview of the
247       parts  that  constitute  the groff system.  It complements roff(7) with
248       groff-specific features.  This section can be regarded as  a  guide  to
249       the documentation around the groff system.
250
251   Paper Size
252       The  virtual paper size used by troff to format the input is controlled
253       globally with the requests .po, .pl, and .ll.   See  groff_tmac(5)  for
254       the ‘papersize’ macro package which provides a convenient interface.
255
256       The  physical  paper  size,  giving  the actual dimensions of the paper
257       sheets, is controlled by output devices like  grops  with  the  command
258       line  options  -p  and  -l.  See groff_font(5) and the man pages of the
259       output devices for more details.  groff uses the command line option -P
260       to  pass  options to output devices; for example, the following selects
261       A4 paper in landscape orientation for the PS device:
262
263              groff -Tps -P-pa4 -P-l ...
264
265   Front-ends
266       The groff program is a wrapper around the troff(1) program.  It  allows
267       to  specify the preprocessors by command line options and automatically
268       runs the postprocessor that is appropriate  for  the  selected  device.
269       Doing  so,  the sometimes tedious piping mechanism of classical roff(7)
270       can be avoided.
271
272       The grog(1) program can be used for guessing the correct groff  command
273       line to format a file.
274
275       The  groffer(1)  program  is an allround-viewer for groff files and man
276       pages.
277
278   Preprocessors
279       The groff preprocessors are reimplementations  of  the  classical  pre‐
280       processors  with  moderate extensions.  The standard preprocessors dis‐
281       tributed with the groff package are
282
283       eqn(1) for mathematical formulae,
284
285       grn(1) for including gremlin(1) pictures,
286
287       pic(1) for drawing diagrams,
288
289       chem(1)
290              for chemical structure diagrams,
291
292       refer(1)
293              for bibliographic references,
294
295       soelim(1)
296              for including macro files from standard locations,
297
298       and
299
300       tbl(1) for tables.
301
302       A new preprocessor not available in classical troff is preconv(1) which
303       converts various input encodings to something groff can understand.  It
304       is always run first before any other preprocessor.
305
306       Besides these, there are some internal preprocessors that are automati‐
307       cally run with some devices.  These aren't visible to the user.
308
309   Macro Packages
310       Macro  packages  can be included by option -m.  The groff system imple‐
311       ments and extends all classical macro packages in a compatible way  and
312       adds  some packages of its own.  Actually, the following macro packages
313       come with groff:
314
315       man    The traditional man page format; see groff_man(7).   It  can  be
316              specified on the command line as -man or -m man.
317
318       mandoc The  general  package for man pages; it automatically recognizes
319              whether the documents uses  the  man  or  the  mdoc  format  and
320              branches  to  the corresponding macro package.  It can be speci‐
321              fied on the command line as -mandoc or -m mandoc.
322
323       mdoc   The BSD-style man page format; see  groff_mdoc(7).   It  can  be
324              specified on the command line as -mdoc or -m mdoc.
325
326       me     The  classical  me  document format; see groff_me(7).  It can be
327              specified on the command line as -me or -m me.
328
329       mm     The classical mm document format; see groff_mm(7).   It  can  be
330              specified on the command line as -mm or -m mm.
331
332       ms     The  classical  ms  document format; see groff_ms(7).  It can be
333              specified on the command line as -ms or -m ms.
334
335       www    HTML-like macros for inclusion in arbitrary groff documents; see
336              groff_www(7).
337
338       Details  on  the naming of macro files and their placement can be found
339       in groff_tmac(5); this man page also documents some other, minor auxil‐
340       iary macro packages not mentioned here.
341
342   Programming Language
343       General concepts common to all roff programming languages are described
344       in roff(7).
345
346       The groff extensions to the classical troff language are documented  in
347       groff_diff(7).
348
349       The  groff  language  as a whole is described in the (still incomplete)
350       groff info file; a short (but  complete)  reference  can  be  found  in
351       groff(7).
352
353   Formatters
354       The  central  roff  formatter  within the groff system is troff(1).  It
355       provides the features of both the classical troff and nroff, as well as
356       the  groff  extensions.  The command line option -C switches troff into
357       compatibility mode which tries to emulate classical  roff  as  much  as
358       possible.
359
360       There  is a shell script nroff(1) that emulates the behavior of classi‐
361       cal nroff.  It tries to automatically select the proper  output  encod‐
362       ing, according to the current locale.
363
364       The formatter program generates intermediate output; see groff_out(7).
365
366   Devices
367       In  roff,  the  output  targets  are called devices.  A device can be a
368       piece of hardware, e.g., a printer,  or  a  software  file  format.   A
369       device  is  specified  by the option -T.  The groff devices are as fol‐
370       lows.
371
372       ascii  Text output using the ascii(7) character set.
373
374       cp1047 Text output using the EBCDIC code page IBM cp1047 (e.g.,  OS/390
375              Unix).
376
377       dvi    TeX DVI format.
378
379       html   HTML output.
380
381       latin1 Text  output  using  the ISO Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1) character set;
382              see iso_8859_1(7).
383
384       lbp    Output for Canon CAPSL printers (LBP-4 and  LBP-8  series  laser
385              printers).
386
387       lj4    HP LaserJet4-compatible (or other PCL5-compatible) printers.
388
389       ps     PostScript  output;  suitable  for  printers and previewers like
390              gv(1).
391
392       pdf    PDF files; suitable for viewing with tools such as evince(1) and
393              okular(1).
394
395       utf8   Text  output  using  the  Unicode (ISO 10646) character set with
396              UTF-8 encoding; see unicode(7).
397
398       xhtml  XHTML output.
399
400       X75    75dpi  X  Window  System  output  suitable  for  the  previewers
401              xditview(1x)  and  gxditview(1).   A variant for a 12pt document
402              base font is X75-12.
403
404       X100   100dpi X  Window  System  output  suitable  for  the  previewers
405              xditview(1x)  and  gxditview(1).   A variant for a 12pt document
406              base font is X100-12.
407
408       The postprocessor to be used for a device is specified by  the  postpro
409       command in the device description file; see groff_font(5).  This can be
410       overridden with the -X option.
411
412       The default device is ps.
413
414   Postprocessors
415       groff provides 3 hardware postprocessors:
416
417       grolbp(1)
418              for some Canon printers,
419
420       grolj4(1)
421              for printers compatible to the HP LaserJet 4 and PCL5,
422
423       grotty(1)
424              for text output using various encodings, e.g., on  text-oriented
425              terminals or line-printers.
426
427       Today,  most  printing  or drawing hardware is handled by the operating
428       system, by device drivers, or by software interfaces, usually accepting
429       PostScript.  Consequently, there isn't an urgent need for more hardware
430       device postprocessors.
431
432       The groff software devices for conversion into other document file for‐
433       mats are
434
435       grodvi(1)
436              for the DVI format,
437
438       grohtml(1)
439              for HTML and XHTML formats,
440
441       grops(1)
442              for PostScript.
443
444       gropdf(1)
445              for PDF.
446
447       Combined  with  the  many existing free conversion tools this should be
448       sufficient to convert a troff document into virtually any existing data
449       format.
450
451   Utilities
452       The following utility programs around groff are available.
453
454       addftinfo(1)
455              Add  information  to  troff  font description files for use with
456              groff.
457
458       afmtodit(1)
459              Create font description files for PostScript device.
460
461       eqn2graph(1)
462              Convert an eqn image into a cropped image.
463
464       gdiffmk(1)
465              Mark differences between groff, nroff, or troff files.
466
467       grap2graph(1)
468              Convert a grap diagram into a cropped bitmap image.
469
470       groffer(1)
471              General viewer program for groff files and man pages.
472
473       gxditview(1)
474              The groff X viewer, the GNU version of xditview.
475
476       hpftodit(1)
477              Create font description files for lj4 device.
478
479       indxbib(1)
480              Make inverted index for bibliographic databases.
481
482       lkbib(1)
483              Search bibliographic databases.
484
485       lookbib(1)
486              Interactively search bibliographic databases.
487
488       pdfroff(1)
489              Create PDF documents using groff.
490
491       pfbtops(1)
492              Translate a PostScript font in .pfb format to ASCII.
493
494       pic2graph(1)
495              Convert a pic diagram into a cropped image.
496
497       tfmtodit(1)
498              Create font description files for TeX DVI device.
499
500       xditview(1x)
501              roff viewer distributed with X window.
502
503       xtotroff(1)
504              Convert X font metrics into GNU troff font metrics.
505

ENVIRONMENT

507       Normally, the path separator in the following environment variables  is
508       the  colon; this may vary depending on the operating system.  For exam‐
509       ple, DOS and Windows use a semicolon instead.
510
511       GROFF_BIN_PATH
512              This search path, followed by $PATH, is used for  commands  that
513              are  executed  by  groff.   If  it is not set then the directory
514              where the groff binaries were installed is prepended to PATH.
515
516       GROFF_COMMAND_PREFIX
517              When there is a need to run different  roff  implementations  at
518              the same time groff provides the facility to prepend a prefix to
519              most of its programs that could provoke name  clashings  at  run
520              time  (default  is to have none).  Historically, this prefix was
521              the character g, but it can be anything.   For  example,  gtroff
522              stood  for groff's troff, gtbl for the groff version of tbl.  By
523              setting GROFF_COMMAND_PREFIX to different values, the  different
524              roff installations can be addressed.  More exactly, if it is set
525              to prefix xxx then groff as a wrapper program  internally  calls
526              xxxtroff  instead of troff.  This also applies to the preproces‐
527              sors eqn, grn, pic, refer, tbl, soelim,  and  to  the  utilities
528              indxbib  and  lookbib.   This feature does not apply to any pro‐
529              grams different from the ones above (most notably groff  itself)
530              since they are unique to the groff package.
531
532       GROFF_ENCODING
533              The  value  of  this  environment value is passed to the preconv
534              preprocessor to select the encoding  of  input  files.   Setting
535              this  option  implies  groff's  command line option -k (this is,
536              groff actually always calls preconv).  If set without  a  value,
537              groff  calls  preconv without arguments.  An explicit -K command
538              line option overrides the value  of  GROFF_ENCODING.   See  pre‐
539              conv(1) for details.
540
541       GROFF_FONT_PATH
542              A  list of directories in which to search for the devname direc‐
543              tory  in  addition  to  the  default  ones.   See  troff(1)  and
544              groff_font(5) for more details.
545
546       GROFF_TMAC_PATH
547              A  list  of  directories  in  which to search for macro files in
548              addition  to  the  default  directories.    See   troff(1)   and
549              groff_tmac(5) for more details.
550
551       GROFF_TMPDIR
552              The  directory in which temporary files are created.  If this is
553              not set but the environment variable TMPDIR  instead,  temporary
554              files  are created in the directory $TMPDIR.  On MS-DOS and Win‐
555              dows 32 platforms, the environment variables TMP  and  TEMP  (in
556              that  order)  are  searched also, after GROFF_TMPDIR and TMPDIR.
557              Otherwise, temporary files are created in /tmp.   The  refer(1),
558              groffer(1),  grohtml(1),  and  grops(1)  commands  use temporary
559              files.
560
561       GROFF_TYPESETTER
562              Preset the default device.  If this is not set the ps device  is
563              used  as default.  This device name is overwritten by the option
564              -T.
565

EXAMPLES

567       The following example illustrates the power of the groff program  as  a
568       wrapper around troff.
569
570       To  process  a roff file using the preprocessors tbl and pic and the me
571       macro set, classical troff had to be called by
572
573              pic foo.me | tbl | troff -me -Tlatin1 | grotty
574
575       Using groff, this pipe can be shortened to the equivalent command
576
577              groff -p -t -me -T latin1 foo.me
578
579       An even easier way to call this is to use grog(1)  to  guess  the  pre‐
580       processor and macro options and execute the generated command (by using
581       backquotes to specify shell command substitution)
582
583              `grog -Tlatin1 foo.me`
584
585       The simplest way is to view the contents in an automated way by calling
586
587              groffer foo.me
588

BUGS

590       On EBCDIC hosts (e.g., OS/390 Unix), output devices  ascii  and  latin1
591       aren't available.  Similarly, output for EBCDIC code page cp1047 is not
592       available on ASCII based operating systems.
593
594       Report bugs to the groff mailing list ⟨bug-groff@gnu.org⟩.   Include  a
595       complete,  self-contained example that allows the bug to be reproduced,
596       and say which version of groff you are using.
597

POSITIONS FROM INSTALLATION

599       There are some directories in which groff  installs  all  of  its  data
600       files.   Due  to  different  installation habits on different operating
601       systems, their locations are not absolutely fixed, but  their  function
602       is clearly defined and coincides on all systems.
603
604   Collection of Installation Directories
605       This  section  describes the position of all files of the groff package
606       after the installation — got from Makefile.comm at the top of the groff
607       source package.
608
609       /usr/dict/papers/Ind
610              index directory and index name
611
612       /usr/lib/font
613              legacy font directory
614
615       /usr/bin
616              directory for binary programs
617
618       /etc/groff/site-tmac
619              system tmac directory
620
621       /usr/share/doc/groff
622              documentation directory
623
624       /usr/share/doc/groff/examples
625              directory for examples
626
627       /usr/share/doc/groff/html
628              documentation directory for html files
629
630       /usr/share/doc/groff/pdf
631              documentation directory for pdf files
632
633       /usr/share/groff/1.22.3
634              data subdirectory
635
636       /usr/share/groff/1.22.3/eign
637              file for common words
638
639       /usr/share/groff/1.22.3/font
640              directory for fonts
641
642       /usr/share/groff/1.22.3/oldfont
643              directory for old fonts
644
645       /usr/share/groff/1.22.3/tmac
646              tmac directory
647
648       /usr/share/groff/1.22.3/tmac/mm
649              mm tmac directory
650
651       /etc/groff/site-font
652              local font directory
653
654       /etc/groff/site-tmac
655              local tmac directory
656
657   groff Macro Directory
658       This  contains  all  information  related to macro packages.  Note that
659       more than a single directory is searched for those files as  documented
660       in  groff_tmac(5).   For  the  groff installation corresponding to this
661       document, it is located at /usr/share/groff/1.22.3/tmac.  The following
662       files contained in the groff macro directory have a special meaning:
663
664       troffrc
665              Initialization  file  for  troff.   This is interpreted by troff
666              before reading the macro sets and any input.
667
668       troffrc-end
669              Final startup file for troff.  It is parsed after all macro sets
670              have been read.
671
672       name.tmac
673       tmac.name
674              Macro file for macro package name.
675
676   groff Font Directory
677       This  contains  all  information  related to output devices.  Note that
678       more than a single directory is searched for those files; see troff(1).
679       For  the  groff  installation  corresponding  to  this  document, it is
680       located at /usr/share/groff/1.22.3/font.  The following files contained
681       in the groff font directory have a special meaning:
682
683       devname/DESC
684              Device description file for device name, see groff_font(5).
685
686       devname/F
687              Font file for font F of device name.
688

AVAILABILITY

690       Information on how to get groff and related information is available at
691       the groff GNU website ⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/groff⟩.
692
693       Three groff mailing lists are available:
694
695              for reporting bugs ⟨bug-groff@gnu.org⟩.
696
697              for general discussion of groff, ⟨groff@gnu.org⟩.
698
699              the groff commit list ⟨groff-commit@ffii.org⟩, a read-only  list
700              showing logs of commitments to the groff repository.
701
702       Details  on  repository  access  and much more can be found in the file
703       README at the top directory of the groff source package.
704
705       There is a free implementation of the grap preprocessor, written by Ted
706       Faber  ⟨faber@lunabase.org⟩.   The  actual  version can be found at the
707       grap   website   ⟨http://www.lunabase.org/~faber/Vault/software/grap/⟩.
708       This is the only grap version supported by groff.
709

SEE ALSO

711       The groff info file contains all information on the groff system within
712       a single document, providing many examples and background information.
713       See info(1) on how to read it.
714
715       Due to its complex structure, the groff system has many man pages.
716       They can be read with man(1) or groffer(1).
717
718       But there are special sections of man-pages.  groff has man-pages in
719       sections 1, 5,and 7.  When there are several man-pages with the same
720       name in the same man section, the one with the lowest section is should
721       as first.  The other man-pages can be shown anyway by adding the sec‐
722       tion number as argument before the man-page name.  Reading the man-page
723       about the groff language is done by one of
724              man 7 groff
725              groffer 7 groff
726
727       Introduction, history and further readings:
728              roff(7).
729
730       Viewer for groff files:
731              groffer(1), gxditview(1), xditview(1x).
732
733       Wrapper programs for formatters:
734              groff(1), grog(1).
735
736       Roff preprocessors:
737              eqn(1), grn(1), pic(1), chem(1), preconv(1), refer(1),
738              soelim(1), tbl(1), grap(1).
739
740       Roff language with the groff extensions:
741              groff(7), groff_char(7), groff_diff(7), groff_font(5).
742
743       Roff formatter programs:
744              nroff(1), troff(1), ditroff(7).
745
746       The intermediate output language:
747              groff_out(7).
748
749       Postprocessors for the output devices:
750              grodvi(1), grohtml(1), grolbp(1), grolj4(1), lj4_font(5),
751              grops(1), gropdf(1), grotty(1).
752
753       Groff macro packages and macro-specific utilities:
754              groff_tmac(5), groff_man(7), groff_mdoc(7), groff_me(7),
755              groff_mm(7), groff_mmse(7), groff_mom(7), groff_ms(7),
756              groff_www(7), groff_trace(7), mmroff(7).
757
758       The following utilities are available:
759              addftinfo(1), afmtodit(1), eqn2graph(1), gdiffmk(1),
760              grap2graph(1), groffer(1), gxditview(1), hpftodit(1),
761              indxbib(1), lkbib(1), lookbib(1), pdfroff(1), pfbtops(1),
762              pic2graph(1), tfmtodit(1), xtotroff(1).
763

COPYING (LICENSE)

765       Copyright © 1989-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
766
767       Rewritten in 2002 by Bernd Warken <groff-bernd.warken-72@web.de>
768
769       This document is part of groff, a free GNU software project.
770
771       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
772       under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
773       any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
774       Invariant Sections being the macro definition or .co and .au, with no
775       Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts.
776
777       A copy of the Free Documentation License is included as a file called
778       FDL in the main directory of the groff source package.
779
780       It is also available in the internet at the GNU copyleft site ⟨http://
781       www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html⟩.
782

AUTHORS

784       This document is based on the original groff man page written by James
785       Clark ⟨jjc@jclark.com⟩.  It was rewritten, enhanced, and put under the
786       FDL license by Bernd Warken <groff-bernd.warken-72@web.de>.  It is
787       maintained by Werner Lemberg ⟨wl@gnu.org⟩.
788
789
790
791Groff Version 1.22.3            4 November 2014                       GROFF(1)
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