1PSMECA(1) Generic Mapping Tools PSMECA(1)
2
6 psmeca - Plot focal mechanisms on maps
7
9 psmeca files -Jparameters -Rwest/east/south/north[r] [ -B[p|s]parame‐
10 ters ] [ -C[pen][Ppointsize] ] [ -Ddepmin/depmax ] [ -Efill] [ -Gfill]
11 [ -H[i][nrec] ] [ -K ] [ -L[pen] ] [ -M ] [ -N ] [ -O ] [ -P ] [
12 -S<format><scale>[/d]] [ -Tnum_of_plane[pen] ] [
13 -U[just/dx/dy/][c|label] ] [ -V ] [ -Wpen ] [ -X[a|c|r][x-shift[u]] ] [
14 -Y[a|c|r][y-shift[u]] ] [ -Zcptfile] [ -z ] [ -a[size[P_symbol[T_sym‐
15 bol]]] ] [ -gfill ] [ -efill ] [ -o ] [ -ppen ] [ -tpen ] [ -:[i|o] ] [
16 -ccopies ]
17
19 psmeca reads data values from files [or standard input] and generates
20 PostScript code that will plot focal mechanisms on a map. Most options
21 are the same as for psxy. The PostScript code is written to standard
22 output.
23
25 files List one or more file-names. If no files are given, psmeca will
26 read standard input.
27 -J Selects the map projection. Scale is UNIT/degree, 1:xxxxx, or
29 width in UNIT (upper case modifier). UNIT is cm, inch, or m,
30 depending on the MEASURE_UNIT setting in .gmtdefaults4, but this
31 can be overridden on the command line by appending c, i, or m to
32 the scale/width value. When central meridian is optional,
33 default is center of longitude range on -R option. Default
34 standard parallel is the equator. For map height, max dimen‐
35 sion, or min dimension, append h, +, or - to the width, respec‐
36 tively.
37 More details can be found in the psbasemap man pages.
38 CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:
40 -Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
42 -Jcyl_stere/[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Cylindrical Stereographic)
43 -Jj[lon0/]scale (Miller)
44 -Jm[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Mercator)
45 -Jmlon0/lat0/scale (Mercator - Give meridian and standard paral‐
46 lel)
47 -Jo[a]lon0/lat0/azimuth/scale (Oblique Mercator - point and
48 azimuth)
49 -Jo[b]lon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale (Oblique Mercator - two points)
50 -Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale (Oblique Mercator - point and
51 pole)
52 -Jq[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Cylindrical Equidistant)
53 -Jtlon0/[lat0/]scale (TM - Transverse Mercator)
54 -Juzone/scale (UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator)
55 -Jy[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Cylindrical Equal-Area)
56 CONIC PROJECTIONS:
58 -Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
60 -Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Conic Equidistant)
61 -Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert Conic Conformal)
62 -Jpoly/[lon0/[lat0/]]scale ((American) Polyconic)
63 AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:
65 -Jalon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area)
67 -Jelon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Azimuthal Equidistant)
68 -Jflon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Gnomonic)
69 -Jglon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Orthographic)
70 -Jglon0/lat0/altitude/azimuth/tilt/twist/Width/Height/scale
71 (General Perspective).
72 -Jslon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (General Stereographic)
73 MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:
75 -Jh[lon0/]scale (Hammer)
77 -Ji[lon0/]scale (Sinusoidal)
78 -Jkf[lon0/]scale (Eckert IV)
79 -Jk[s][lon0/]scale (Eckert VI)
80 -Jn[lon0/]scale (Robinson)
81 -Jr[lon0/]scale (Winkel Tripel)
82 -Jv[lon0/]scale (Van der Grinten)
83 -Jw[lon0/]scale (Mollweide)
84 NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:
86 -Jp[a]scale[/origin][r|z] (Polar coordinates (theta,r))
88 -Jxx-scale[d|l|ppow|t|T][/y-scale[d|l|ppow|t|T]] (Linear, log,
89 and power scaling)
90 -R west, east, south, and north specify the Region of interest, and
92 you may specify them in decimal degrees or in
93 [+-]dd:mm[:ss.xxx][W|E|S|N] format. Append r if lower left and
94 upper right map coordinates are given instead of w/e/s/n. The
95 two shorthands -Rg and -Rd stand for global domain (0/360 and
96 -180/+180 in longitude respectively, with -90/+90 in latitude).
97 Alternatively, specify the name of an existing grid file and the
98 -R settings (and grid spacing, if applicable) are copied from
99 the grid.
100 -S Selects the meaning of the columns in the data file . In order
102 to use the same file to plot cross-sections, depth is in third
103 column. Nevertheless, it is possible to use "old style"
104 psvelomeca input files without depth in third column using the
105 -o option.
106 -Sascale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
108 Focal mechanisms in Aki and Richards convention. scale adjusts
109 the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be
110 proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude
111 = 5 in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended). Use the -T
112 option to render the beach ball transparent by drawing only the
113 nodal planes and the circumference. The color or shade of the
114 compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The
115 color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with
116 the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
117 columns:
118 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
120 depth of event in kilometers
122 strike, dip and rake in degrees
124 magnitude
126 longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
128 these
129 columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0 in
130 columns 8 and 9 will plot the beach ball at the longi‐
131 tude, latitude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option
132 will interchange the order of columns (1,2) and (8,9).
133 Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
135 -Scscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
137 Focal mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention. scale adjusts the
138 scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be propor‐
139 tional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5
140 (that is M0 = 4.0E23 dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is
141 appended). Use the -T option to render the beach ball transpar‐
142 ent by drawing only the nodal planes and the circumference. The
143 color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified
144 with the -G option. The color or shade of the extensive quad‐
145 rants can be specified with the -E option. Parameters are
146 expected to be in the following columns:
147 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
149 depth of event in kilometers
151 strike, dip, and rake of plane 1
153 strike, dip, and rake of plane 2
155 mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm
157 longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
159 these
160 columns are necessary with the -C option. Using
161 (0,0) in columns 12 and 13 will plot the beach ball
162 at the longitude, latitude given in columns 1 and 2.
163 The -: option will interchange the order of columns
164 (1,2) and (12,13).
165 Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
167 -Sm|d|zscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
169 Seismic moment tensor (Harvard CMT, with zero trace). scale
170 adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which
171 will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for
172 magnitude = 5 (that is scalar seismic moment = 4.0E23 dynes-cm)
173 in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended). (-T0 option over‐
174 lays best double couple transparently.) Use -Sm to plot the
175 Harvard CMT seismic moment tensor with zero trace. Use -Sd to
176 plot only the double couple part of moment tensor. Use -Sz to
177 plot the anisotropic part of moment tensor (zero trace). The
178 color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified
179 with the -G option. The color or shade of the extensive quad‐
180 rants can be specified with the -E option. Parameters are
181 expected to be in the following columns:
182 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
184 depth of event in kilometers
186 mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-cm
188 exponent
190 longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
192 these
193 columns are necessary with the -C option. Using
194 (0,0) in columns 11 and 12 will plot the beach ball
195 at the longitude, latitude given in columns 1 and 2.
196 The -: option will interchange the order of columns
197 (1,2) and (11,12).
198 Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
200 -Spscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
202 Focal mechanisms given with partial data on both planes. scale
203 adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which
204 will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for
205 magnitude = 5 in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended). The
206 color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified
207 with the -G option. The color or shade of the extensive quad‐
208 rants can be specified with the -E option. Parameters are
209 expected to be in the following columns:
210 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
212 depth of event in kilometers
214 strike, dip of plane 1
216 strike of plane 2
218 must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault
220 magnitude
222 longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
224 these
225 columns are necessary with the -C option. Using (0,0)
226 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the beach ball at the
227 longitude, latitude given in columns 1 and 2. The -:
228 option will interchange the order of columns (1,2) and
229 (9,10).
230 Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
232 -Sx|y|tscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
234 Principal axis. scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the
235 "beach ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale
236 is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is seismic scalar moment =
237 4*10e+23 dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended).
238 (-T0 option overlays best double couple transparently.) Use -Sx
239 to plot standard Harvard CMT. Use -Sy to plot only the double
240 couple part of moment tensor. Use -St to plot zero trace moment
241 tensor. The color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be
242 specified with the -G option. The color or shade of the exten‐
243 sive quadrants can be specified with the -E option. Parameters
244 are expected to be in the following columns:
245 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
247 depth of event in kilometers
249 value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of T, N, P
251 axis.
252 exponent
254 longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
256 these
257 columns are necessary with the -C option. Using
258 (0,0) in columns 14 and 15 will plot the beach
259 ball at the longitude, latitude given in columns 1
260 and 2. The -: option will interchange the order
261 of columns (1,2) and (14,15).
262 Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
264
266 No space between the option flag and the associated arguments.
267 -B Sets map boundary annotation and tickmark intervals; see the
269 psbasemap man page for all the details.
270 -C[pen][Ppointsize]
272 Offsets focal mechanisms to the longitude, latitude specified in
273 the last two columns of the input file before the (optional)
274 text string. A small circle is plotted at the initial location
275 and a line connects the beachball to the circle. Specify pen
276 and/or pointsize to change the line style and/or size of the
277 circle. [Defaults: pen width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture =
278 solid; pointsize 0].
279 -Ddepmin/depmax
281 Plots events between depmin and depmax.
282 -Efill Selects filling of extensive quadrants. Usually white. Set the
284 shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 255/255/255].
285 -Gfill Selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention, the com‐
287 pressional quadrants of the focal mechanism beach balls are
288 shaded. Set the shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is
289 0/0/0].
290 -H Input file(s) has header record(s). If used, the default number
292 of header records is N_HEADER_RECS. Use -Hi if only input data
293 should have header records [Default will write out header
294 records if the input data have them]. Blank lines and lines
295 starting with # are always skipped.
296 -K More PostScript code will be appended later [Default terminates
298 the plot system].
299 -L[pen]
301 Draws the "beach ball" outline with pen attributes. [Defaults
302 width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture = solid].
303 -M Use the same size for any magnitude. Size is given with -S.
305 -N Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside frame boundary specified
307 by -R [Default plots symbols inside frame only].
308 -O Selects Overlay plot mode [Default initializes a new plot sys‐
310 tem].
311 -P Selects Portrait plotting mode [Default is Landscape, see gmtde‐
313 faults to change this].
314 -T[num_of_planes]
316 Plots the nodal planes and outlines the bubble which is trans‐
317 parent. If num_of_planes is
318 0: both nodal planes are plotted;
319 1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;
320 2: only the second nodal plane is plotted.
321 -U Draw Unix System time stamp on plot. By adding just/dx/dy/, the
323 user may specify the justification of the stamp and where the
324 stamp should fall on the page relative to lower left corner of
325 the plot. For example, BL/0/0 will align the lower left corner
326 of the time stamp with the lower left corner of the plot.
327 Optionally, append a label, or c (which will plot the command
328 string.). The GMT parameters UNIX_TIME, UNIX_TIME_POS, and
329 UNIX_TIME_FORMAT can affect the appearance; see the gmtdefaults
330 man page for details. The time string will be in the locale set
331 by the environment variable TZ (generally local time).
332 -V Selects verbose mode, which will send progress reports to stderr
334 [Default runs "silently"].
335 -W
337 SPECIFYING PENS
339 pen The attributes of lines and symbol outlines as defined by pen is
340 a comma delimetered list of width, color and texture, each of
341 which is optional. width can be indicated as a measure (points,
342 centimeters, inches) or as faint, thin[ner|nest], thick[er|est],
343 fat[ter|test], or obese. color specifies a gray shade or color
344 (see SPECIFYING COLOR below). texture is a combination of
345 dashes `-' and dots `.'.
346 -X -Y Shift plot origin relative to the current origin by (x-shift,y-
348 shift) and optionally append the length unit (c, i, m, p). You
349 can prepend a to shift the origin back to the original position
350 after plotting, or prepend r [Default] to reset the current
351 origin to the new location. If -O is used then the default (x-
352 shift,y-shift) is (0,0), otherwise it is (r1i, r1i) or (r2.5c,
353 r2.5c). Alternatively, give c to align the center coordinate (x
354 or y) of the plot with the center of the page based on current
355 page size.
356 -Zcptfile
358 Give a color palette file and let compressive part color be
359 determined by the z-value in the third column.
360 -z Overlay zero trace moment tensor.
362 -a[size/[P_axis_symbol[T_axis_symbol]]]
364 Computes and plots P and T axes with symbols. Optionally specify
365 size and (separate) P and T axis symbols from the following: (c)
366 circle, (d) diamond, (h) hexagon, (i) inverse triangle, (p)
367 point, (s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross. [Defaults: 0.2c/cc
368 or 0.08i/cc.]
369 -efill Selects filling of T axis symbol. Set the shade (0-255) or
371 color (r/g/b). Default is white.
372 -gfill Selects filling of P axis symbol. Set the shade (0-255) or
374 color (r/g/b). Default black.
375 -o Use the psvelomeca input format without depth in the third col‐
377 umn.
378 -p[pen]
380 Draws the P axis outline using default pen (see -W), or sets pen
381 attributes.
382 -t[pen]
384 Draws the T axis outline using default pen (see -W), or sets pen
385 attributes.
386 -: Toggles between (longitude,latitude) and (latitude,longitude)
388 input and/or output. [Default is (longitude,latitude)]. Append
389 i to select input only or o to select output only. [Default
390 affects both].
391 -c Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1].
393
395 The following file should give a normal-faulting CMT mechanism:
396 psmeca -R239/240/34/35.2 -Jm4 -Sc0.4 -H1 <<END>! test.ps
397 lon lat depth str dip slip st dip slip mant exp plon plat
398 239.384 34.556 12. 180 18 -88 0 72 -90 5.5 0 0 0
399 END
400
403 GMT(1), psbasemap(1), psxy(1)
404
406 Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 1980.
407 Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman, 1980.
408 F. A. Dahlen and Jeroen Tromp, Theoretical Seismology, Princeton, 1998,
409 p.167.
410 Cliff Frohlich, Cliff's Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal Lines for P, Sh
411 and Sv
412 Seismological Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, January-February,
413 1996
414 Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology, Academic Press,
415 1995, p.384.
416 W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery, Numerical
417 Recipes in
418 C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)
419
421 Genevieve Patau
422 CNRS UMR 7580
423 Seismology Dept.
424 Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
425 (patau@.ipgp.jussieu.fr)
426GMT 4.5.6 10 Mar 2011 PSMECA(1)