1srec_mos_tech(5)              File Formats Manual             srec_mos_tech(5)
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NAME

6       srec_mos_tech - MOS Technology file format
7

DESCRIPTION

9       The  MOS Technology format allows binary files to be uploaded and down‐
10       loaded between between a computer system (such as a PC,  Macintosh,  or
11       workstation)  and  an emulator or evaluation board for microcontrollers
12       and microprocessors.
13
14   The Lines
15       Each line consists of 5 fields.  These are the  length  field,  address
16       field,  data  field,  and  the checksum.  The lines always start with a
17       semicolon (;) character.
18
19   The Fields
20                   ┌──┬────────┬─────────┬──────┬──────────┬──────┐
21                   │; │ Length │ Address │ Data │ Checksum │ CRLF │
22                   └──┴────────┴─────────┴──────┴──────────┴──────┘
23       Length  The record length field is a 2 character (1  byte)  field  that
24               specifies  the  number  of data bytes in the record.  Typically
25               this is 24 or less.
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27       Address This is a 2‐byte address that specifies where the data  in  the
28               record is to be loaded into memory, big‐endian.
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30       Data    The  data  field  contains the executable code, memory‐loadable
31               data or descriptive information to be transferred.
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33       Checksum
34               The checksum is an 2‐byte field that represents the least  sig‐
35               nificant  two bytes of the the sum of the values represented by
36               the pairs of characters making up the record's length, address,
37               and data fields, big‐endian.
38
39   End of File
40       The  final  line  should  have a data length of zero, and the data line
41       count in the address field.  The checksum is not the usual checksum, it
42       is instead a repeat of the data line count.
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44   Size Multiplier
45       In  general,  binary  data  will  expand in sized by approximately 2.54
46       times when represented with this format.
47

EXAMPLE

49       Here is an example MOS Technology format file.  It  contains  the  data
50       “Hello, World” to be loaded at address 0.
51              ;0C000048656C6C6F2C20576F726C640454
52              ;0000010001
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55       srec_cat version 1.55
56       Copyright  (C)  1998,  1999,  2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
57       2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Peter Miller
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59       The srec_cat program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details use
60       the 'srec_cat -VERSion License' command.  This is free software and you
61       are welcome to redistribute it under certain  conditions;  for  details
62       use the 'srec_cat -VERSion License' command.
63

AUTHOR

65       Peter Miller   E‐Mail:   pmiller@opensource.org.au
66       /\/\*             WWW:   http://miller.emu.id.au/pmiller/
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KIM‐1 User Manual - Appendix F - Paper Tape Format

69       (The       following      information      is      reproduced      from
70       http://users.telenet.be/kim1‐6502/6502/usrman.html#F just  in  case  it
71       vanishes from the Web.)
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73       The paper tape LOAD and DUMP routines store and retrieve data in a spe‐
74       cific format designed to insure error free recovery.  Each byte of data
75       to  be  stored  is  converted to two half bytes.  The half bytes (whose
76       possible values are 0 to F HEX) are translated into their ASCII equiva‐
77       lents and written out onto paper tape in this form.
78
79       Each  record  outputted  begins with a “;” character (ASCII 3B) to mark
80       the start of a valid record.  The next byte transmitted (18HEX) or  (24
81       decimal)  is  the  number  of  data bytes contained in the record.  The
82       record's starting address High (1 byte, 2 characters), starting address
83       Lo  (1  byte, 2 characters), and data (24 bytes, 48 characters) follow.
84       Each record is terminated by the record's check‐sum (2 bytes, 4 charac‐
85       ters),  a  carriage  return  (ASCII  0D), line feed (ASCII 0A), and six
86       “NULL” characters (ASCII 00).  (NULL characters cause a blank  area  on
87       the paper tape.)
88
89       The  last record transmitted has zero data bytes (indicated by ;00) The
90       starting address field is replaced by a four digit  Hex  number  repre‐
91       senting the total number of data records contained in the transmission,
92       followed by the records usual check‐sum digits.   An  “XOFF”  character
93       ends the transmission.
94              ;180000FFEEDDCCBBAA0099887766554433221122334455667788990AFC
95              ;0000010001
96       During  a  “LOAD” all incoming data is ignored until a “;” character is
97       received.  The receipt of non  ASCII  data  or  a  mismatch  between  a
98       records  calculated  check‐sum  and  the  check‐sum read from tape will
99       cause an error condition to be recognized by  KIM.   The  check‐sum  is
100       calculated by adding all data in the record except the “;” character.
101
102       The  paper tape format described is compatible with all other MOS Tech‐
103       nology, Inc. software support programs.
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107Reference Manual                    SRecord                   srec_mos_tech(5)
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