1PROJECT(1) Generic Mapping Tools PROJECT(1)
2
6 project - project data along a line or great circle, generate a profile
7 track, or translate coordinates.
8
10 project [ infile ] -Ccx/cy [ -Aazimuth ] [ -Dd|g ] [ -Ebx/by ] [
11 -Fflags ] [ -Gdist ] [ -H[i][nrec] ] [ -L[w][l_min/l_max] ] [ -N ] [ -Q
12 ] [ -S ] [ -Tpx/py ] [ -V ] [ -Ww_min/w_max ] [ -:[i|o] ] [
13 -b[i|o][s|S|d|D[ncol]|c[var1/...]] ] [ -f[i|o]colinfo ] [ -m[i|o][flag]
14 ]
15
17 project reads arbitrary (x, y[, z]) data from standard input [or infile
18 ] and writes to standard output any combination of (x, y, z, p, q, r,
19 s), where (p, q) are the coordinates in the projection, (r, s) is the
20 position in the (x, y) coordinate system of the point on the profile (q
21 = 0 path) closest to (x, y), and z is all remaining columns in the
22 input (beyond the required x and y columns). Alternatively, project
23 may be used to generate (r, s, p) triples at equal increments dist
24 along a profile. In this case ( -G option), no input is read. Projec‐
25 tions are defined in any (but only) one of three ways: (Definition 1)
26 By a Center -C and an Azimuth -A in degrees clockwise from North.
27 (Definition 2) By a Center -C and end point E of the projection path
28 -E. (Definition 3) By a Center -C and a roTation pole position -T.
29 To spherically project data along a great circle path, an oblique coor‐
30 dinate system is created which has its equator along that path, and the
31 zero meridian through the Center. Then the oblique longitude (p) cor‐
32 responds to the distance from the Center along the great circle, and
33 the oblique latitude (q) corresponds to the distance perpendicular to
34 the great circle path. When moving in the increasing (p) direction,
35 (toward B or in the azimuth direction), the positive (q) direction is
36 to your left. If a Pole has been specified, then the positive (q)
37 direction is toward the pole.
38 To specify an oblique projection, use the -T option to set the Pole.
39 Then the equator of the projection is already determined and the -C
40 option is used to locate the p = 0 meridian. The Center cx/cy will be
41 taken as a point through which the p = 0 meridian passes. If you do
42 not care to choose a particular point, use the South pole (ox = 0, oy =
43 -90).
44 Data can be selectively windowed by using the -L and -W options. If -W
45 is used, the projection Width is set to use only points with w_min < q
46 < w_max. If -L is set, then the Length is set to use only those points
47 with l_min < p < l_max. If the -E option has been used to define the
48 projection, then -Lw may be selected to window the length of the pro‐
49 jection to exactly the span from O to B.
50 Flat Earth (Cartesian) coordinate transformations can also be made.
51 Set -N and remember that azimuth is clockwise from North (the y axis),
52 NOT the usual cartesian theta, which is counterclockwise from the x
53 axis. azimuth = 90 - theta.
54 No assumptions are made regarding the units for x, y, r, s, p, q, dist,
55 l_min, l_max, w_min, w_max. If -Q is selected, map units are assumed
56 and x, y, r, s must be in degrees and p, q, dist, l_min, l_max, w_min,
57 w_max will be in km.
58 Calculations of specific great-circle and geodesic distances or for
59 back-azimuths or azimuths are better done using mapproject.
60 project is CASE SENSITIVE. Use UPPER CASE for all one-letter designa‐
61 tors which begin optional arguments. Use lower case for the xyzpqrs
62 letters in -flags.
63 -C cx/cy sets the origin of the projection, in Definition 1 or 2.
66 If Definition 3 is used (-T), then cx/cy are the coordinates of
67 a point through which the oblique zero meridian (p = 0) should
68 pass.
69
71 infile name of ASCII (or binary, see -bi) file(s) with 2 or more col‐
72 umns holding (x,y,[z]) data values. If no filenames are given,
73 project will read from standard input. If the -G option is
74 selected, no input data are read.
75 -F Specify your desired output using any combination of xyzpqrs, in
77 any order. Do not space between the letters. Use lower case.
78 The output will be ASCII (or binary, see -bo) columns of values
79 corresponding to xyzpqrs [Default]. If both input and output
80 are using ASCII format then the z data are treated as
81 textstring(s). If the -G option is selected, the output will be
82 rsp.
83 -A azimuth defines the azimuth of the projection (Definition 1).
85 -D Set the location of the Discontinuity in longitude (r coordi‐
87 nate). -Dd will place the discontinuity at the Dateline, (-180
88 < r < 180); -Dg will place it at Greenwich, (0 < r < 360).
89 Default usually falls at dateline due to atan2 calls.
90 -E bx/by defines the end point of the projection path (Definition
92 2).
93 -G dist Generate mode. No input is read. Create (r, s, p) output
95 points every dist units of p. See -Q option.
96 -H Input file(s) has header record(s). If used, the default number
98 of header records is N_HEADER_RECS. Use -Hi if only input data
99 should have header records [Default will write out header
100 records if the input data have them]. Blank lines and lines
101 starting with # are always skipped.
102 -L Length controls. Project only those points whose p coordinate
104 is within l_min < p < l_max. If -E has been set, then you may
105 use -Lw to stay within the distance from C to E.
106 -N Flat Earth. Make a Cartesian coordinate transformation in the
108 plane. [Default uses spherical trigonometry.]
109 -Q Map type units, i.e., project assumes x, y, r, s are in degrees
111 while p, q, dist, l_min, l_max, w_min, w_max are in km. If -Q
112 is not set, then all these are assumed to be in the same units.
113 -S Sort the output into increasing p order. Useful when projecting
115 random data into a sequential profile.
116 -T px/py sets the position of the roTation pole of the projection.
118 (Definition 3).
119 -V Selects verbose mode, which will send progress reports to stderr
121 [Default runs "silently"].
122 -W Width controls. Project only those points whose q coordinate is
124 within w_min < q < w_max.
125 -: Toggles between (longitude,latitude) and (latitude,longitude)
127 input and/or output. [Default is (longitude,latitude)]. Append
128 i to select input only or o to select output only. [Default
129 affects both].
130 -bi Selects binary input. Append s for single precision [Default is
132 d (double)]. Uppercase S or D will force byte-swapping.
133 Optionally, append ncol, the number of columns in your binary
134 input file if it exceeds the columns needed by the program. Or
135 append c if the input file is netCDF. Optionally, append
136 var1/var2/... to specify the variables to be read. [Default is
137 2 input columns].
138 -bo Selects binary output. Append s for single precision [Default
140 is d (double)]. Uppercase S or D will force byte-swapping.
141 Optionally, append ncol, the number of desired columns in your
142 binary output file. [Default is given by -F or -G].
143 -f Special formatting of input and/or output columns (time or geo‐
145 graphical data). Specify i or o to make this apply only to
146 input or output [Default applies to both]. Give one or more
147 columns (or column ranges) separated by commas. Append T (abso‐
148 lute calendar time), t (relative time in chosen TIME_UNIT since
149 TIME_EPOCH), x (longitude), y (latitude), or f (floating point)
150 to each column or column range item. Shorthand -f[i|o]g means
151 -f[i|o]0x,1y (geographic coordinates).
152 -m Multiple segment file(s). Segments are separated by a special
154 record. For ASCII files the first character must be flag
155 [Default is '>']. For binary files all fields must be NaN and
156 -b must set the number of output columns explicitly. By default
157 the -m setting applies to both input and output. Use -mi and
158 -mo to give separate settings to input and output.
159
161 The ASCII output formats of numerical data are controlled by parameters
162 in your .gmtdefaults4 file. Longitude and latitude are formatted
163 according to OUTPUT_DEGREE_FORMAT, whereas other values are formatted
164 according to D_FORMAT. Be aware that the format in effect can lead to
165 loss of precision in the output, which can lead to various problems
166 downstream. If you find the output is not written with enough preci‐
167 sion, consider switching to binary output (-bo if available) or specify
168 more decimals using the D_FORMAT setting.
169
171 To generate points every 10km along a great circle from 10N,50W to
172 30N,10W:
173 project -C-50/10 -E-10/30 -G10 -Q > great_circle_points.xyp
175 (Note that great_circle_points.xyp could now be used as input for grd‐
177 track, etc. ).
178 To project the shiptrack gravity, magnetics, and bathymetry in
180 c2610.xygmb along a great circle through an origin at 30S, 30W, the
181 great circle having an azimuth of N20W at the origin, keeping only the
182 data from NE of the profile and within +/- 500 km of the origin, run:
183 project c2610.xygmb -C-30/-30 -A-20 -W-10000/0 -L-500/500 -Fpz -Q >
185 c2610_projected.pgmb
186 (Note in this example that -W-10000/0 is used to admit any value with a
188 large negative q coordinate. This will take those points which are on
189 our right as we walk along the great circle path, or to the NE in this
190 example.)
191 To make a Cartesian coordinate transformation of mydata.xy so that the
193 new origin is at 5,3 and the new x axis (p) makes an angle of 20
194 degrees with the old x axis, use:
195 project mydata.xy -C5/3 -A70 -Fpq > mydata.pq
197 To take data in the file pacific.lonlat and transform it into oblique
199 coordinates using a pole from the hotspot reference frame and placing
200 the oblique zero meridian (p = 0 line) through Tahiti, run:
201 project pacific.lonlat -T-75/68 -C-149:26/-17:37 -Fpq > pacific.pq
203 Suppose that pacific_topo.grd is a grid file of bathymetry, and you
205 want to make a file of flowlines in the hotspot reference frame. If
206 you run:
207 grd2xyz pacific_topo.grd | project -T-75/68 -C0/-90 -Fxyq | xyz2grd
209 -Retc -Ietc -Cflow.grd
210 then flow.grd is a file in the same area as pacific_topo.grd, but flow
212 contains the latitudes about the pole of the projection. You now can
213 use grdcontour on flow.grd to draw lines of constant oblique latitude,
214 which are flow lines in the hotspot frame.
215 If you have an arbitrarily rotation pole px/py and you would like to
217 draw an oblique small circle on a map, you will first need to make a
218 file with the oblique coordinates for the small circle (i.e., lon =
219 0-360, lat is constant), then create a file with two records: the north
220 pole (0/90) and the origin (0/0), and find what their oblique coordi‐
221 nates are using your rotation pole. Now, use the projected North pole
222 and origin coordinates as the rotation pole and center, respectively,
223 and project your file as in the pacific example above. This gives
224 coordinates for an oblique small circle.
225
227 fitcircle(1), GMT(1), mapproject(1), grdproject(1)
228GMT 4.5.6 10 Mar 2011 PROJECT(1)