1File::Temp(3pm) Perl Programmers Reference Guide File::Temp(3pm)
2
6 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
7
9 use File::Temp qw/ tempfile tempdir /;
10 $fh = tempfile();
12 ($fh, $filename) = tempfile();
13 ($fh, $filename) = tempfile( $template, DIR => $dir);
15 ($fh, $filename) = tempfile( $template, SUFFIX => '.dat');
16 ($fh, $filename) = tempfile( $template, TMPDIR => 1 );
17 binmode( $fh, ":utf8" );
19 $dir = tempdir( CLEANUP => 1 );
21 ($fh, $filename) = tempfile( DIR => $dir );
22 Object interface:
24 require File::Temp;
26 use File::Temp ();
27 use File::Temp qw/ :seekable /;
28 $fh = File::Temp->new();
30 $fname = $fh->filename;
31 $fh = File::Temp->new(TEMPLATE => $template);
33 $fname = $fh->filename;
34 $tmp = File::Temp->new( UNLINK => 0, SUFFIX => '.dat' );
36 print $tmp "Some data\n";
37 print "Filename is $tmp\n";
38 $tmp->seek( 0, SEEK_END );
39 The following interfaces are provided for compatibility with existing
41 APIs. They should not be used in new code.
42 MkTemp family:
44 use File::Temp qw/ :mktemp /;
46 ($fh, $file) = mkstemp( "tmpfileXXXXX" );
48 ($fh, $file) = mkstemps( "tmpfileXXXXXX", $suffix);
49 $tmpdir = mkdtemp( $template );
51 $unopened_file = mktemp( $template );
53 POSIX functions:
55 use File::Temp qw/ :POSIX /;
57 $file = tmpnam();
59 $fh = tmpfile();
60 ($fh, $file) = tmpnam();
62 Compatibility functions:
64 $unopened_file = File::Temp::tempnam( $dir, $pfx );
66
68 "File::Temp" can be used to create and open temporary files in a safe
69 way. There is both a function interface and an object-oriented
70 interface. The File::Temp constructor or the tempfile() function can
71 be used to return the name and the open filehandle of a temporary file.
72 The tempdir() function can be used to create a temporary directory.
73 The security aspect of temporary file creation is emphasized such that
75 a filehandle and filename are returned together. This helps guarantee
76 that a race condition can not occur where the temporary file is created
77 by another process between checking for the existence of the file and
78 its opening. Additional security levels are provided to check, for
79 example, that the sticky bit is set on world writable directories. See
80 "safe_level" for more information.
81 For compatibility with popular C library functions, Perl
83 implementations of the mkstemp() family of functions are provided.
84 These are, mkstemp(), mkstemps(), mkdtemp() and mktemp().
85 Additionally, implementations of the standard POSIX tmpnam() and
87 tmpfile() functions are provided if required.
88 Implementations of mktemp(), tmpnam(), and tempnam() are provided, but
90 should be used with caution since they return only a filename that was
91 valid when function was called, so cannot guarantee that the file will
92 not exist by the time the caller opens the filename.
93 Filehandles returned by these functions support the seekable methods.
95
97 This is the primary interface for interacting with "File::Temp". Using
98 the OO interface a temporary file can be created when the object is
99 constructed and the file can be removed when the object is no longer
100 required.
101 Note that there is no method to obtain the filehandle from the
103 "File::Temp" object. The object itself acts as a filehandle. Also, the
104 object is configured such that it stringifies to the name of the
105 temporary file, and can be compared to a filename directly. The object
106 isa "IO::Handle" and isa "IO::Seekable" so all those methods are
107 available.
108 new Create a temporary file object.
110 my $tmp = File::Temp->new();
112 by default the object is constructed as if "tempfile" was called
114 without options, but with the additional behaviour that the
115 temporary file is removed by the object destructor if UNLINK is set
116 to true (the default).
117 Supported arguments are the same as for "tempfile": UNLINK
119 (defaulting to true), DIR, EXLOCK and SUFFIX. Additionally, the
120 filename template is specified using the TEMPLATE option. The OPEN
121 option is not supported (the file is always opened).
122 $tmp = File::Temp->new( TEMPLATE => 'tempXXXXX',
124 DIR => 'mydir',
125 SUFFIX => '.dat');
126 Arguments are case insensitive.
128 Can call croak() if an error occurs.
130 newdir
132 Create a temporary directory using an object oriented interface.
133 $dir = File::Temp->newdir();
135 By default the directory is deleted when the object goes out of
137 scope.
138 Supports the same options as the "tempdir" function. Note that
140 directories created with this method default to CLEANUP => 1.
141 $dir = File::Temp->newdir( $template, %options );
143 filename
145 Return the name of the temporary file associated with this object
146 (if the object was created using the "new" constructor).
147 $filename = $tmp->filename;
149 This method is called automatically when the object is used as a
151 string.
152 dirname
154 Return the name of the temporary directory associated with this
155 object (if the object was created using the "newdir" constructor).
156 $dirname = $tmpdir->dirname;
158 This method is called automatically when the object is used in
160 string context.
161 unlink_on_destroy
163 Control whether the file is unlinked when the object goes out of
164 scope. The file is removed if this value is true and $KEEP_ALL is
165 not.
166 $fh->unlink_on_destroy( 1 );
168 Default is for the file to be removed.
170 DESTROY
172 When the object goes out of scope, the destructor is called. This
173 destructor will attempt to unlink the file (using "unlink1") if the
174 constructor was called with UNLINK set to 1 (the default state if
175 UNLINK is not specified).
176 No error is given if the unlink fails.
178 If the object has been passed to a child process during a fork, the
180 file will be deleted when the object goes out of scope in the
181 parent.
182 For a temporary directory object the directory will be removed
184 unless the CLEANUP argument was used in the constructor (and set to
185 false) or "unlink_on_destroy" was modified after creation.
186 If the global variable $KEEP_ALL is true, the file or directory
188 will not be removed.
189
191 This section describes the recommended interface for generating
192 temporary files and directories.
193 tempfile
195 This is the basic function to generate temporary files. The
196 behaviour of the file can be changed using various options:
197 $fh = tempfile();
199 ($fh, $filename) = tempfile();
200 Create a temporary file in the directory specified for temporary
202 files, as specified by the tmpdir() function in File::Spec.
203 ($fh, $filename) = tempfile($template);
205 Create a temporary file in the current directory using the supplied
207 template. Trailing `X' characters are replaced with random letters
208 to generate the filename. At least four `X' characters must be
209 present at the end of the template.
210 ($fh, $filename) = tempfile($template, SUFFIX => $suffix)
212 Same as previously, except that a suffix is added to the template
214 after the `X' translation. Useful for ensuring that a temporary
215 filename has a particular extension when needed by other
216 applications. But see the WARNING at the end.
217 ($fh, $filename) = tempfile($template, DIR => $dir);
219 Translates the template as before except that a directory name is
221 specified.
222 ($fh, $filename) = tempfile($template, TMPDIR => 1);
224 Equivalent to specifying a DIR of "File::Spec->tmpdir", writing the
226 file into the same temporary directory as would be used if no
227 template was specified at all.
228 ($fh, $filename) = tempfile($template, UNLINK => 1);
230 Return the filename and filehandle as before except that the file
232 is automatically removed when the program exits (dependent on
233 $KEEP_ALL). Default is for the file to be removed if a file handle
234 is requested and to be kept if the filename is requested. In a
235 scalar context (where no filename is returned) the file is always
236 deleted either (depending on the operating system) on exit or when
237 it is closed (unless $KEEP_ALL is true when the temp file is
238 created).
239 Use the object-oriented interface if fine-grained control of when a
241 file is removed is required.
242 If the template is not specified, a template is always
244 automatically generated. This temporary file is placed in tmpdir()
245 (File::Spec) unless a directory is specified explicitly with the
246 DIR option.
247 $fh = tempfile( DIR => $dir );
249 If called in scalar context, only the filehandle is returned and
251 the file will automatically be deleted when closed on operating
252 systems that support this (see the description of tmpfile()
253 elsewhere in this document). This is the preferred mode of
254 operation, as if you only have a filehandle, you can never create a
255 race condition by fumbling with the filename. On systems that can
256 not unlink an open file or can not mark a file as temporary when it
257 is opened (for example, Windows NT uses the "O_TEMPORARY" flag) the
258 file is marked for deletion when the program ends (equivalent to
259 setting UNLINK to 1). The "UNLINK" flag is ignored if present.
260 (undef, $filename) = tempfile($template, OPEN => 0);
262 This will return the filename based on the template but will not
264 open this file. Cannot be used in conjunction with UNLINK set to
265 true. Default is to always open the file to protect from possible
266 race conditions. A warning is issued if warnings are turned on.
267 Consider using the tmpnam() and mktemp() functions described
268 elsewhere in this document if opening the file is not required.
269 If the operating system supports it (for example BSD derived
271 systems), the filehandle will be opened with O_EXLOCK (open with
272 exclusive file lock). This can sometimes cause problems if the
273 intention is to pass the filename to another system that expects to
274 take an exclusive lock itself (such as DBD::SQLite) whilst ensuring
275 that the tempfile is not reused. In this situation the "EXLOCK"
276 option can be passed to tempfile. By default EXLOCK will be true
277 (this retains compatibility with earlier releases).
278 ($fh, $filename) = tempfile($template, EXLOCK => 0);
280 Options can be combined as required.
282 Will croak() if there is an error.
284 tempdir
286 This is the recommended interface for creation of temporary
287 directories. By default the directory will not be removed on exit
288 (that is, it won't be temporary; this behaviour can not be changed
289 because of issues with backwards compatibility). To enable removal
290 either use the CLEANUP option which will trigger removal on program
291 exit, or consider using the "newdir" method in the object interface
292 which will allow the directory to be cleaned up when the object
293 goes out of scope.
294 The behaviour of the function depends on the arguments:
296 $tempdir = tempdir();
298 Create a directory in tmpdir() (see File::Spec).
300 $tempdir = tempdir( $template );
302 Create a directory from the supplied template. This template is
304 similar to that described for tempfile(). `X' characters at the end
305 of the template are replaced with random letters to construct the
306 directory name. At least four `X' characters must be in the
307 template.
308 $tempdir = tempdir ( DIR => $dir );
310 Specifies the directory to use for the temporary directory. The
312 temporary directory name is derived from an internal template.
313 $tempdir = tempdir ( $template, DIR => $dir );
315 Prepend the supplied directory name to the template. The template
317 should not include parent directory specifications itself. Any
318 parent directory specifications are removed from the template
319 before prepending the supplied directory.
320 $tempdir = tempdir ( $template, TMPDIR => 1 );
322 Using the supplied template, create the temporary directory in a
324 standard location for temporary files. Equivalent to doing
325 $tempdir = tempdir ( $template, DIR => File::Spec->tmpdir);
327 but shorter. Parent directory specifications are stripped from the
329 template itself. The "TMPDIR" option is ignored if "DIR" is set
330 explicitly. Additionally, "TMPDIR" is implied if neither a
331 template nor a directory are supplied.
332 $tempdir = tempdir( $template, CLEANUP => 1);
334 Create a temporary directory using the supplied template, but
336 attempt to remove it (and all files inside it) when the program
337 exits. Note that an attempt will be made to remove all files from
338 the directory even if they were not created by this module
339 (otherwise why ask to clean it up?). The directory removal is made
340 with the rmtree() function from the File::Path module. Of course,
341 if the template is not specified, the temporary directory will be
342 created in tmpdir() and will also be removed at program exit.
343 Will croak() if there is an error.
345
347 The following functions are Perl implementations of the mktemp() family
348 of temp file generation system calls.
349 mkstemp
351 Given a template, returns a filehandle to the temporary file and
352 the name of the file.
353 ($fh, $name) = mkstemp( $template );
355 In scalar context, just the filehandle is returned.
357 The template may be any filename with some number of X's appended
359 to it, for example /tmp/temp.XXXX. The trailing X's are replaced
360 with unique alphanumeric combinations.
361 Will croak() if there is an error.
363 mkstemps
365 Similar to mkstemp(), except that an extra argument can be supplied
366 with a suffix to be appended to the template.
367 ($fh, $name) = mkstemps( $template, $suffix );
369 For example a template of "testXXXXXX" and suffix of ".dat" would
371 generate a file similar to testhGji_w.dat.
372 Returns just the filehandle alone when called in scalar context.
374 Will croak() if there is an error.
376 mkdtemp
378 Create a directory from a template. The template must end in X's
379 that are replaced by the routine.
380 $tmpdir_name = mkdtemp($template);
382 Returns the name of the temporary directory created.
384 Directory must be removed by the caller.
386 Will croak() if there is an error.
388 mktemp
390 Returns a valid temporary filename but does not guarantee that the
391 file will not be opened by someone else.
392 $unopened_file = mktemp($template);
394 Template is the same as that required by mkstemp().
396 Will croak() if there is an error.
398
400 This section describes the re-implementation of the tmpnam() and
401 tmpfile() functions described in POSIX using the mkstemp() from this
402 module.
403 Unlike the POSIX implementations, the directory used for the temporary
405 file is not specified in a system include file ("P_tmpdir") but simply
406 depends on the choice of tmpdir() returned by File::Spec. On some
407 implementations this location can be set using the "TMPDIR" environment
408 variable, which may not be secure. If this is a problem, simply use
409 mkstemp() and specify a template.
410 tmpnam
412 When called in scalar context, returns the full name (including
413 path) of a temporary file (uses mktemp()). The only check is that
414 the file does not already exist, but there is no guarantee that
415 that condition will continue to apply.
416 $file = tmpnam();
418 When called in list context, a filehandle to the open file and a
420 filename are returned. This is achieved by calling mkstemp() after
421 constructing a suitable template.
422 ($fh, $file) = tmpnam();
424 If possible, this form should be used to prevent possible race
426 conditions.
427 See "tmpdir" in File::Spec for information on the choice of
429 temporary directory for a particular operating system.
430 Will croak() if there is an error.
432 tmpfile
434 Returns the filehandle of a temporary file.
435 $fh = tmpfile();
437 The file is removed when the filehandle is closed or when the
439 program exits. No access to the filename is provided.
440 If the temporary file can not be created undef is returned.
442 Currently this command will probably not work when the temporary
443 directory is on an NFS file system.
444 Will croak() if there is an error.
446
448 These functions are provided for backwards compatibility with common
449 tempfile generation C library functions.
450 They are not exported and must be addressed using the full package
452 name.
453 tempnam
455 Return the name of a temporary file in the specified directory
456 using a prefix. The file is guaranteed not to exist at the time the
457 function was called, but such guarantees are good for one clock
458 tick only. Always use the proper form of "sysopen" with "O_CREAT |
459 O_EXCL" if you must open such a filename.
460 $filename = File::Temp::tempnam( $dir, $prefix );
462 Equivalent to running mktemp() with $dir/$prefixXXXXXXXX (using
464 unix file convention as an example)
465 Because this function uses mktemp(), it can suffer from race
467 conditions.
468 Will croak() if there is an error.
470
472 Useful functions for dealing with the filehandle and filename.
473 unlink0
475 Given an open filehandle and the associated filename, make a safe
476 unlink. This is achieved by first checking that the filename and
477 filehandle initially point to the same file and that the number of
478 links to the file is 1 (all fields returned by stat() are
479 compared). Then the filename is unlinked and the filehandle
480 checked once again to verify that the number of links on that file
481 is now 0. This is the closest you can come to making sure that the
482 filename unlinked was the same as the file whose descriptor you
483 hold.
484 unlink0($fh, $path)
486 or die "Error unlinking file $path safely";
487 Returns false on error but croaks() if there is a security anomaly.
489 The filehandle is not closed since on some occasions this is not
490 required.
491 On some platforms, for example Windows NT, it is not possible to
493 unlink an open file (the file must be closed first). On those
494 platforms, the actual unlinking is deferred until the program ends
495 and good status is returned. A check is still performed to make
496 sure that the filehandle and filename are pointing to the same
497 thing (but not at the time the end block is executed since the
498 deferred removal may not have access to the filehandle).
499 Additionally, on Windows NT not all the fields returned by stat()
501 can be compared. For example, the "dev" and "rdev" fields seem to
502 be different. Also, it seems that the size of the file returned by
503 stat() does not always agree, with "stat(FH)" being more accurate
504 than "stat(filename)", presumably because of caching issues even
505 when using autoflush (this is usually overcome by waiting a while
506 after writing to the tempfile before attempting to "unlink0" it).
507 Finally, on NFS file systems the link count of the file handle does
509 not always go to zero immediately after unlinking. Currently, this
510 command is expected to fail on NFS disks.
511 This function is disabled if the global variable $KEEP_ALL is true
513 and an unlink on open file is supported. If the unlink is to be
514 deferred to the END block, the file is still registered for
515 removal.
516 This function should not be called if you are using the object
518 oriented interface since the it will interfere with the object
519 destructor deleting the file.
520 cmpstat
522 Compare "stat" of filehandle with "stat" of provided filename.
523 This can be used to check that the filename and filehandle
524 initially point to the same file and that the number of links to
525 the file is 1 (all fields returned by stat() are compared).
526 cmpstat($fh, $path)
528 or die "Error comparing handle with file";
529 Returns false if the stat information differs or if the link count
531 is greater than 1. Calls croak if there is a security anomaly.
532 On certain platforms, for example Windows, not all the fields
534 returned by stat() can be compared. For example, the "dev" and
535 "rdev" fields seem to be different in Windows. Also, it seems that
536 the size of the file returned by stat() does not always agree, with
537 "stat(FH)" being more accurate than "stat(filename)", presumably
538 because of caching issues even when using autoflush (this is
539 usually overcome by waiting a while after writing to the tempfile
540 before attempting to "unlink0" it).
541 Not exported by default.
543 unlink1
545 Similar to "unlink0" except after file comparison using cmpstat,
546 the filehandle is closed prior to attempting to unlink the file.
547 This allows the file to be removed without using an END block, but
548 does mean that the post-unlink comparison of the filehandle state
549 provided by "unlink0" is not available.
550 unlink1($fh, $path)
552 or die "Error closing and unlinking file";
553 Usually called from the object destructor when using the OO
555 interface.
556 Not exported by default.
558 This function is disabled if the global variable $KEEP_ALL is true.
560 Can call croak() if there is a security anomaly during the stat()
562 comparison.
563 cleanup
565 Calling this function will cause any temp files or temp directories
566 that are registered for removal to be removed. This happens
567 automatically when the process exits but can be triggered manually
568 if the caller is sure that none of the temp files are required.
569 This method can be registered as an Apache callback.
570 On OSes where temp files are automatically removed when the temp
572 file is closed, calling this function will have no effect other
573 than to remove temporary directories (which may include temporary
574 files).
575 File::Temp::cleanup();
577 Not exported by default.
579
581 These functions control the global state of the package.
582 safe_level
584 Controls the lengths to which the module will go to check the
585 safety of the temporary file or directory before proceeding.
586 Options are:
587 STANDARD
589 Do the basic security measures to ensure the directory
590 exists and is writable, that temporary files are opened
591 only if they do not already exist, and that possible race
592 conditions are avoided. Finally the unlink0 function is
593 used to remove files safely.
594 MEDIUM In addition to the STANDARD security, the output directory
596 is checked to make sure that it is owned either by root or
597 the user running the program. If the directory is writable
598 by group or by other, it is then checked to make sure that
599 the sticky bit is set.
600 Will not work on platforms that do not support the "-k"
602 test for sticky bit.
603 HIGH In addition to the MEDIUM security checks, also check for
605 the possibility of ``chown() giveaway'' using the POSIX
606 sysconf() function. If this is a possibility, each
607 directory in the path is checked in turn for safeness,
608 recursively walking back to the root directory.
609 For platforms that do not support the POSIX
611 "_PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED" symbol (for example, Windows NT) it
612 is assumed that ``chown() giveaway'' is possible and the
613 recursive test is performed.
614 The level can be changed as follows:
616 File::Temp->safe_level( File::Temp::HIGH );
618 The level constants are not exported by the module.
620 Currently, you must be running at least perl v5.6.0 in order to run
622 with MEDIUM or HIGH security. This is simply because the safety
623 tests use functions from Fcntl that are not available in older
624 versions of perl. The problem is that the version number for Fcntl
625 is the same in perl 5.6.0 and in 5.005_03 even though they are
626 different versions.
627 On systems that do not support the HIGH or MEDIUM safety levels
629 (for example Win NT or OS/2) any attempt to change the level will
630 be ignored. The decision to ignore rather than raise an exception
631 allows portable programs to be written with high security in mind
632 for the systems that can support this without those programs
633 failing on systems where the extra tests are irrelevant.
634 If you really need to see whether the change has been accepted
636 simply examine the return value of "safe_level".
637 $newlevel = File::Temp->safe_level( File::Temp::HIGH );
639 die "Could not change to high security"
640 if $newlevel != File::Temp::HIGH;
641 TopSystemUID
643 This is the highest UID on the current system that refers to a root
644 UID. This is used to make sure that the temporary directory is
645 owned by a system UID ("root", "bin", "sys" etc) rather than simply
646 by root.
647 This is required since on many unix systems "/tmp" is not owned by
649 root.
650 Default is to assume that any UID less than or equal to 10 is a
652 root UID.
653 File::Temp->top_system_uid(10);
655 my $topid = File::Temp->top_system_uid;
656 This value can be adjusted to reduce security checking if required.
658 The value is only relevant when "safe_level" is set to MEDIUM or
659 higher.
660 $KEEP_ALL
662 Controls whether temporary files and directories should be retained
663 regardless of any instructions in the program to remove them
664 automatically. This is useful for debugging but should not be used
665 in production code.
666 $File::Temp::KEEP_ALL = 1;
668 Default is for files to be removed as requested by the caller.
670 In some cases, files will only be retained if this variable is true
672 when the file is created. This means that you can not create a
673 temporary file, set this variable and expect the temp file to still
674 be around when the program exits.
675 $DEBUG
677 Controls whether debugging messages should be enabled.
678 $File::Temp::DEBUG = 1;
680 Default is for debugging mode to be disabled.
682
684 For maximum security, endeavour always to avoid ever looking at,
685 touching, or even imputing the existence of the filename. You do not
686 know that that filename is connected to the same file as the handle you
687 have, and attempts to check this can only trigger more race conditions.
688 It's far more secure to use the filehandle alone and dispense with the
689 filename altogether.
690 If you need to pass the handle to something that expects a filename
692 then, on a unix system, use ""/dev/fd/" . fileno($fh)" for arbitrary
693 programs, or more generally ""+<=&" . fileno($fh)" for Perl programs.
694 You will have to clear the close-on-exec bit on that file descriptor
695 before passing it to another process.
696 use Fcntl qw/F_SETFD F_GETFD/;
698 fcntl($tmpfh, F_SETFD, 0)
699 or die "Can't clear close-on-exec flag on temp fh: $!\n";
700 Temporary files and NFS
702 Some problems are associated with using temporary files that reside on
703 NFS file systems and it is recommended that a local filesystem is used
704 whenever possible. Some of the security tests will most probably fail
705 when the temp file is not local. Additionally, be aware that the
706 performance of I/O operations over NFS will not be as good as for a
707 local disk.
708 Forking
710 In some cases files created by File::Temp are removed from within an
711 END block. Since END blocks are triggered when a child process exits
712 (unless "POSIX::_exit()" is used by the child) File::Temp takes care to
713 only remove those temp files created by a particular process ID. This
714 means that a child will not attempt to remove temp files created by the
715 parent process.
716 If you are forking many processes in parallel that are all creating
718 temporary files, you may need to reset the random number seed using
719 srand(EXPR) in each child else all the children will attempt to walk
720 through the same set of random file names and may well cause themselves
721 to give up if they exceed the number of retry attempts.
722 Directory removal
724 Note that if you have chdir'ed into the temporary directory and it is
725 subsequently cleaned up (either in the END block or as part of object
726 destruction), then you will get a warning from File::Path::rmtree().
727 BINMODE
729 The file returned by File::Temp will have been opened in binary mode if
730 such a mode is available. If that is not correct, use the "binmode()"
731 function to change the mode of the filehandle.
732 Note that you can modify the encoding of a file opened by File::Temp
734 also by using "binmode()".
735
737 Originally began life in May 1999 as an XS interface to the system
738 mkstemp() function. In March 2000, the OpenBSD mkstemp() code was
739 translated to Perl for total control of the code's security checking,
740 to ensure the presence of the function regardless of operating system
741 and to help with portability. The module was shipped as a standard part
742 of perl from v5.6.1.
743
745 "tmpnam" in POSIX, "tmpfile" in POSIX, File::Spec, File::Path
746 See IO::File and File::MkTemp, Apache::TempFile for different
748 implementations of temporary file handling.
749 See File::Tempdir for an alternative object-oriented wrapper for the
751 "tempdir" function.
752
754 Tim Jenness <tjenness@cpan.org>
755 Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Tim Jenness. Copyright (C) 1999-2007 Tim
757 Jenness and the UK Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council. All
758 Rights Reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute
759 it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
760 Original Perl implementation loosely based on the OpenBSD C code for
762 mkstemp(). Thanks to Tom Christiansen for suggesting that this module
763 should be written and providing ideas for code improvements and
764 security enhancements.
765perl v5.12.4 2011-06-01 File::Temp(3pm)