1PERLMODLIB(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLMODLIB(1)
2
6 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
7
9 Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are
10 described below, and all end in .pm. You may discover compiled library
11 files (usually ending in .so) or small pieces of modules to be
12 autoloaded (ending in .al); these were automatically generated by the
13 installation process. You may also discover files in the library
14 directory that end in either .pl or .ph. These are old libraries
15 supplied so that old programs that use them still run. The .pl files
16 will all eventually be converted into standard modules, and the .ph
17 files made by h2ph will probably end up as extension modules made by
18 h2xs. (Some .ph values may already be available through the POSIX,
19 Errno, or Fcntl modules.) The pl2pm file in the distribution may help
20 in your conversion, but it's just a mechanical process and therefore
21 far from bulletproof.
22 Pragmatic Modules
24 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
25 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
26 work well only when used within a "use", or "no". Most of these are
27 lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them by saying:
28 no integer;
30 no strict 'refs';
31 no warnings;
32 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
34 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the $^H
36 hints variable. Others affect the current package instead, like "use
37 vars" and "use subs", which allow you to predeclare a variables or
38 subroutines within a particular file rather than just a block. Such
39 declarations are effective for the entire file for which they were
40 declared. You cannot rescind them with "no vars" or "no subs".
41 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
43 arybase Set indexing base via $[
45 attributes Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
47 autodie Replace functions with ones that succeed or die with
49 lexical scope
50 autodie::exception
52 Exceptions from autodying functions.
53 autodie::exception::system
55 Exceptions from autodying system().
56 autodie::hints
58 Provide hints about user subroutines to autodie
59 autodie::skip
61 Skip a package when throwing autodie exceptions
62 autouse Postpone load of modules until a function is used
64 base Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile
66 time
67 bigint Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
69 bignum Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
71 bigrat Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
73 blib Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
75 bytes Expose the individual bytes of characters
77 charnames Access to Unicode character names and named character
79 sequences; also define character names
80 constant Declare constants
82 deprecate Perl pragma for deprecating the core version of a module
84 diagnostics Produce verbose warning diagnostics
86 encoding Allows you to write your script in non-ASCII and non-UTF-8
88 encoding::warnings
90 Warn on implicit encoding conversions
91 experimental
93 Experimental features made easy
94 feature Enable new features
96 fields Compile-time class fields
98 filetest Control the filetest permission operators
100 if "use" a Perl module if a condition holds
102 integer Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
104 less Request less of something
106 lib Manipulate @INC at compile time
108 locale Use or avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
110 mro Method Resolution Order
112 ok Alternative to Test::More::use_ok
114 open Set default PerlIO layers for input and output
116 ops Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
118 overload Package for overloading Perl operations
120 overloading Lexically control overloading
122 parent Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile
124 time
125 re Alter regular expression behaviour
127 sigtrap Enable simple signal handling
129 sort Control sort() behaviour
131 strict Restrict unsafe constructs
133 subs Predeclare subroutine names
135 threads Perl interpreter-based threads
137 threads::shared
139 Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads
140 utf8 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
142 vars Predeclare global variable names
144 version Perl extension for Version Objects
146 vmsish Control VMS-specific language features
148 warnings::register
150 Warnings import function
151 Standard Modules
153 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
154 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
155 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
156 It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
158 system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
159 don't have the gdbm library.
160 Amiga::ARexx
162 Perl extension for ARexx support
163 Amiga::Exec Perl extension for low level amiga support
165 AnyDBM_File Provide framework for multiple DBMs
167 App::Cpan Easily interact with CPAN from the command line
169 App::Prove Implements the "prove" command.
171 App::Prove::State
173 State storage for the "prove" command.
174 App::Prove::State::Result
176 Individual test suite results.
177 App::Prove::State::Result::Test
179 Individual test results.
180 Archive::Tar
182 Module for manipulations of tar archives
183 Archive::Tar::File
185 A subclass for in-memory extracted file from Archive::Tar
186 Attribute::Handlers
188 Simpler definition of attribute handlers
189 AutoLoader Load subroutines only on demand
191 AutoSplit Split a package for autoloading
193 B The Perl Compiler Backend
195 B::Concise Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
197 B::Debug Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
199 B::Deparse Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
201 B::Op_private
203 OP op_private flag definitions
204 B::Showlex Show lexical variables used in functions or files
206 B::Terse Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
208 B::Xref Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
210 Benchmark Benchmark running times of Perl code
212 "IO::Socket::IP"
214 Family-neutral IP socket supporting both IPv4 and IPv6
215 "Socket" Networking constants and support functions
217 CORE Namespace for Perl's core routines
219 CPAN Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
221 CPAN::API::HOWTO
223 A recipe book for programming with CPAN.pm
224 CPAN::Debug Internal debugging for CPAN.pm
226 CPAN::Distroprefs
228 Read and match distroprefs
229 CPAN::FirstTime
231 Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
232 CPAN::HandleConfig
234 Internal configuration handling for CPAN.pm
235 CPAN::Kwalify
237 Interface between CPAN.pm and Kwalify.pm
238 CPAN::Meta The distribution metadata for a CPAN dist
240 CPAN::Meta::Converter
242 Convert CPAN distribution metadata structures
243 CPAN::Meta::Feature
245 An optional feature provided by a CPAN distribution
246 CPAN::Meta::History
248 History of CPAN Meta Spec changes
249 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_0
251 Version 1.0 metadata specification for META.yml
252 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_1
254 Version 1.1 metadata specification for META.yml
255 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_2
257 Version 1.2 metadata specification for META.yml
258 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_3
260 Version 1.3 metadata specification for META.yml
261 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_4
263 Version 1.4 metadata specification for META.yml
264 CPAN::Meta::Merge
266 Merging CPAN Meta fragments
267 CPAN::Meta::Prereqs
269 A set of distribution prerequisites by phase and type
270 CPAN::Meta::Requirements
272 A set of version requirements for a CPAN dist
273 CPAN::Meta::Spec
275 Specification for CPAN distribution metadata
276 CPAN::Meta::Validator
278 Validate CPAN distribution metadata structures
279 CPAN::Meta::YAML
281 Read and write a subset of YAML for CPAN Meta files
282 CPAN::Nox Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
284 CPAN::Plugin
286 Base class for CPAN shell extensions
287 CPAN::Plugin::Specfile
289 Proof of concept implementation of a trivial CPAN::Plugin
290 CPAN::Queue Internal queue support for CPAN.pm
292 CPAN::Tarzip
294 Internal handling of tar archives for CPAN.pm
295 CPAN::Version
297 Utility functions to compare CPAN versions
298 Carp Alternative warn and die for modules
300 Class::Struct
302 Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
303 Compress::Raw::Bzip2
305 Low-Level Interface to bzip2 compression library
306 Compress::Raw::Zlib
308 Low-Level Interface to zlib compression library
309 Compress::Zlib
311 Interface to zlib compression library
312 Config Access Perl configuration information
314 Config::Perl::V
316 Structured data retrieval of perl -V output
317 Cwd Get pathname of current working directory
319 DB Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API
321 DBM_Filter Filter DBM keys/values
323 DBM_Filter::compress
325 Filter for DBM_Filter
326 DBM_Filter::encode
328 Filter for DBM_Filter
329 DBM_Filter::int32
331 Filter for DBM_Filter
332 DBM_Filter::null
334 Filter for DBM_Filter
335 DBM_Filter::utf8
337 Filter for DBM_Filter
338 DB_File Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
340 Data::Dumper
342 Stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
343 printing and "eval"
344 Devel::PPPort
346 Perl/Pollution/Portability
347 Devel::Peek A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
349 Devel::SelfStubber
351 Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
352 Digest Modules that calculate message digests
354 Digest::MD5 Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
356 Digest::SHA Perl extension for SHA-1/224/256/384/512
358 Digest::base
360 Digest base class
361 Digest::file
363 Calculate digests of files
364 DirHandle (obsolete) supply object methods for directory handles
366 Dumpvalue Provides screen dump of Perl data.
368 DynaLoader Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
370 Encode Character encodings in Perl
372 Encode::Alias
374 Alias definitions to encodings
375 Encode::Byte
377 Single Byte Encodings
378 Encode::CJKConstants
380 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
381 Encode::CN China-based Chinese Encodings
383 Encode::CN::HZ
385 Internally used by Encode::CN
386 Encode::Config
388 Internally used by Encode
389 Encode::EBCDIC
391 EBCDIC Encodings
392 Encode::Encoder
394 Object Oriented Encoder
395 Encode::Encoding
397 Encode Implementation Base Class
398 Encode::GSM0338
400 ESTI GSM 03.38 Encoding
401 Encode::Guess
403 Guesses encoding from data
404 Encode::JP Japanese Encodings
406 Encode::JP::H2Z
408 Internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
409 Encode::JP::JIS7
411 Internally used by Encode::JP
412 Encode::KR Korean Encodings
414 Encode::KR::2022_KR
416 Internally used by Encode::KR
417 Encode::MIME::Header
419 MIME encoding for an unstructured email header
420 Encode::MIME::Name
422 Internally used by Encode
423 Encode::PerlIO
425 A detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
426 Encode::Supported
428 Encodings supported by Encode
429 Encode::Symbol
431 Symbol Encodings
432 Encode::TW Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
434 Encode::Unicode
436 Various Unicode Transformation Formats
437 Encode::Unicode::UTF7
439 UTF-7 encoding
440 English Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
442 variables
443 Env Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars
445 or arrays
446 Errno System errno constants
448 Exporter Implements default import method for modules
450 Exporter::Heavy
452 Exporter guts
453 ExtUtils::CBuilder
455 Compile and link C code for Perl modules
456 ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows
458 Builder class for Windows platforms
459 ExtUtils::Command
461 Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
462 ExtUtils::Command::MM
464 Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
465 ExtUtils::Constant
467 Generate XS code to import C header constants
468 ExtUtils::Constant::Base
470 Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
471 ExtUtils::Constant::Utils
473 Helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant
474 ExtUtils::Constant::XS
476 Generate C code for XS modules' constants.
477 ExtUtils::Embed
479 Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
480 ExtUtils::Install
482 Install files from here to there
483 ExtUtils::Installed
485 Inventory management of installed modules
486 ExtUtils::Liblist
488 Determine libraries to use and how to use them
489 ExtUtils::MM
491 OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
492 ExtUtils::MM::Utils
494 ExtUtils::MM methods without dependency on
495 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
496 ExtUtils::MM_AIX
498 AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
499 ExtUtils::MM_Any
501 Platform-agnostic MM methods
502 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS
504 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
505 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
507 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
508 ExtUtils::MM_DOS
510 DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
511 ExtUtils::MM_Darwin
513 Special behaviors for OS X
514 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS
516 Once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
517 ExtUtils::MM_NW5
519 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
520 ExtUtils::MM_OS2
522 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
523 ExtUtils::MM_QNX
525 QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
526 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN
528 U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
529 ExtUtils::MM_Unix
531 Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
532 ExtUtils::MM_VMS
534 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
535 ExtUtils::MM_VOS
537 VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
538 ExtUtils::MM_Win32
540 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
541 ExtUtils::MM_Win95
543 Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
544 ExtUtils::MY
546 ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
547 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
549 Create a module Makefile
550 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config
552 Wrapper around Config.pm
553 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ
555 Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker
556 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Locale
558 Bundled Encode::Locale
559 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial
561 Writing a module with MakeMaker
562 ExtUtils::Manifest
564 Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
565 ExtUtils::Miniperl
567 Write the C code for miniperlmain.c and perlmain.c
568 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
570 Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
571 ExtUtils::Mksymlists
573 Write linker options files for dynamic extension
574 ExtUtils::Packlist
576 Manage .packlist files
577 ExtUtils::ParseXS
579 Converts Perl XS code into C code
580 ExtUtils::ParseXS::Constants
582 Initialization values for some globals
583 ExtUtils::ParseXS::Eval
585 Clean package to evaluate code in
586 ExtUtils::ParseXS::Utilities
588 Subroutines used with ExtUtils::ParseXS
589 ExtUtils::Typemaps
591 Read/Write/Modify Perl/XS typemap files
592 ExtUtils::Typemaps::Cmd
594 Quick commands for handling typemaps
595 ExtUtils::Typemaps::InputMap
597 Entry in the INPUT section of a typemap
598 ExtUtils::Typemaps::OutputMap
600 Entry in the OUTPUT section of a typemap
601 ExtUtils::Typemaps::Type
603 Entry in the TYPEMAP section of a typemap
604 ExtUtils::XSSymSet
606 Keep sets of symbol names palatable to the VMS linker
607 ExtUtils::testlib
609 Add blib/* directories to @INC
610 Fatal Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
612 Fcntl Load the C Fcntl.h defines
614 File::Basename
616 Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix.
617 File::Compare
619 Compare files or filehandles
620 File::Copy Copy files or filehandles
622 File::DosGlob
624 DOS like globbing and then some
625 File::Fetch A generic file fetching mechanism
627 File::Find Traverse a directory tree.
629 File::Glob Perl extension for BSD glob routine
631 File::GlobMapper
633 Extend File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files
634 File::Path Create or remove directory trees
636 File::Spec Portably perform operations on file names
638 File::Spec::AmigaOS
640 File::Spec for AmigaOS
641 File::Spec::Cygwin
643 Methods for Cygwin file specs
644 File::Spec::Epoc
646 Methods for Epoc file specs
647 File::Spec::Functions
649 Portably perform operations on file names
650 File::Spec::Mac
652 File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
653 File::Spec::OS2
655 Methods for OS/2 file specs
656 File::Spec::Unix
658 File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
659 File::Spec::VMS
661 Methods for VMS file specs
662 File::Spec::Win32
664 Methods for Win32 file specs
665 File::Temp Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
667 File::stat By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
669 FileCache Keep more files open than the system permits
671 FileHandle Supply object methods for filehandles
673 Filter::Simple
675 Simplified source filtering
676 Filter::Util::Call
678 Perl Source Filter Utility Module
679 FindBin Locate directory of original perl script
681 GDBM_File Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
683 Getopt::Long
685 Extended processing of command line options
686 Getopt::Std Process single-character switches with switch clustering
688 HTTP::Tiny A small, simple, correct HTTP/1.1 client
690 Hash::Util A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
692 Hash::Util::FieldHash
694 Support for Inside-Out Classes
695 I18N::Collate
697 Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
698 I18N::LangTags
700 Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
701 I18N::LangTags::Detect
703 Detect the user's language preferences
704 I18N::LangTags::List
706 Tags and names for human languages
707 I18N::Langinfo
709 Query locale information
710 IO Load various IO modules
712 IO::Compress::Base
714 Base Class for IO::Compress modules
715 IO::Compress::Bzip2
717 Write bzip2 files/buffers
718 IO::Compress::Deflate
720 Write RFC 1950 files/buffers
721 IO::Compress::FAQ
723 Frequently Asked Questions about IO::Compress
724 IO::Compress::Gzip
726 Write RFC 1952 files/buffers
727 IO::Compress::RawDeflate
729 Write RFC 1951 files/buffers
730 IO::Compress::Zip
732 Write zip files/buffers
733 IO::Dir Supply object methods for directory handles
735 IO::File Supply object methods for filehandles
737 IO::Handle Supply object methods for I/O handles
739 IO::Pipe Supply object methods for pipes
741 IO::Poll Object interface to system poll call
743 IO::Seekable
745 Supply seek based methods for I/O objects
746 IO::Select OO interface to the select system call
748 IO::Socket Object interface to socket communications
750 IO::Socket::INET
752 Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
753 IO::Socket::UNIX
755 Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
756 IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate
758 Uncompress zlib-based (zip, gzip) file/buffer
759 IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress
761 Uncompress gzip, zip, bzip2 or lzop file/buffer
762 IO::Uncompress::Base
764 Base Class for IO::Uncompress modules
765 IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2
767 Read bzip2 files/buffers
768 IO::Uncompress::Gunzip
770 Read RFC 1952 files/buffers
771 IO::Uncompress::Inflate
773 Read RFC 1950 files/buffers
774 IO::Uncompress::RawInflate
776 Read RFC 1951 files/buffers
777 IO::Uncompress::Unzip
779 Read zip files/buffers
780 IO::Zlib IO:: style interface to Compress::Zlib
782 IPC::Cmd Finding and running system commands made easy
784 IPC::Msg SysV Msg IPC object class
786 IPC::Open2 Open a process for both reading and writing using open2()
788 IPC::Open3 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
790 using open3()
791 IPC::Semaphore
793 SysV Semaphore IPC object class
794 IPC::SharedMem
796 SysV Shared Memory IPC object class
797 IPC::SysV System V IPC constants and system calls
799 Internals Reserved special namespace for internals related functions
801 JSON::PP JSON::XS compatible pure-Perl module.
803 JSON::PP::Boolean
805 Dummy module providing JSON::PP::Boolean
806 List::Util A selection of general-utility list subroutines
808 List::Util::XS
810 Indicate if List::Util was compiled with a C compiler
811 Locale::Codes
813 A distribution of modules to handle locale codes
814 Locale::Codes::Changes
816 Details changes to Locale::Codes
817 Locale::Codes::Country
819 Module for dealing with country code sets
820 Locale::Codes::Currency
822 Module for dealing with currency code sets
823 Locale::Codes::LangExt
825 Module for dealing with langext code sets
826 Locale::Codes::LangFam
828 Module for dealing with langfam code sets
829 Locale::Codes::LangVar
831 Module for dealing with langvar code sets
832 Locale::Codes::Language
834 Module for dealing with language code sets
835 Locale::Codes::Script
837 Module for dealing with script code sets
838 Locale::Codes::Types
840 Types of data sets supported
841 Locale::Country
843 Module for dealing with country code sets
844 Locale::Currency
846 Module for dealing with currency code sets
847 Locale::Language
849 Module for dealing with language code sets
850 Locale::Maketext
852 Framework for localization
853 Locale::Maketext::Cookbook
855 Recipes for using Locale::Maketext
856 Locale::Maketext::Guts
858 Deprecated module to load Locale::Maketext utf8 code
859 Locale::Maketext::GutsLoader
861 Deprecated module to load Locale::Maketext utf8 code
862 Locale::Maketext::Simple
864 Simple interface to Locale::Maketext::Lexicon
865 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
867 Article about software localization
868 Locale::Script
870 Module for dealing with script code sets
871 MIME::Base64
873 Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
874 MIME::QuotedPrint
876 Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings
877 Math::BigFloat
879 Arbitrary size floating point math package
880 Math::BigInt
882 Arbitrary size integer/float math package
883 Math::BigInt::Calc
885 Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
886 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu
888 Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
889 Math::BigInt::FastCalc
891 Math::BigInt::Calc with some XS for more speed
892 Math::BigInt::Lib
894 Virtual parent class for Math::BigInt libraries
895 Math::BigRat
897 Arbitrary big rational numbers
898 Math::Complex
900 Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
901 Math::Trig Trigonometric functions
903 Memoize Make functions faster by trading space for time
905 Memoize::AnyDBM_File
907 Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
908 Memoize::Expire
910 Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
911 Memoize::ExpireFile
913 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
914 Memoize::ExpireTest
916 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
917 Memoize::NDBM_File
919 Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
920 Memoize::SDBM_File
922 Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
923 Memoize::Storable
925 Store Memoized data in Storable database
926 Module::CoreList
928 What modules shipped with versions of perl
929 Module::CoreList::Utils
931 What utilities shipped with versions of perl
932 Module::Load
934 Runtime require of both modules and files
935 Module::Load::Conditional
937 Looking up module information / loading at runtime
938 Module::Loaded
940 Mark modules as loaded or unloaded
941 Module::Metadata
943 Gather package and POD information from perl module files
944 NDBM_File Tied access to ndbm files
946 NEXT Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
948 redispatch
949 Net::Cmd Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
951 Net::Config Local configuration data for libnet
953 Net::Domain Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and
955 domain
956 Net::FTP FTP Client class
958 Net::FTP::dataconn
960 FTP Client data connection class
961 Net::NNTP NNTP Client class
963 Net::Netrc OO interface to users netrc file
965 Net::POP3 Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
967 Net::Ping Check a remote host for reachability
969 Net::SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
971 Net::Time Time and daytime network client interface
973 Net::hostent
975 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
976 Net::libnetFAQ
978 Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
979 Net::netent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
981 Net::protoent
983 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
984 Net::servent
986 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
987 O Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
989 ODBM_File Tied access to odbm files
991 Opcode Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
993 POSIX Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
995 Params::Check
997 A generic input parsing/checking mechanism.
998 Parse::CPAN::Meta
1000 Parse META.yml and META.json CPAN metadata files
1001 Perl::OSType
1003 Map Perl operating system names to generic types
1004 PerlIO On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
1006 name space
1007 PerlIO::encoding
1009 Encoding layer
1010 PerlIO::mmap
1012 Memory mapped IO
1013 PerlIO::scalar
1015 In-memory IO, scalar IO
1016 PerlIO::via Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
1018 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint
1020 PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
1021 Pod::Checker
1023 Check pod documents for syntax errors
1024 Pod::Escapes
1026 For resolving Pod E<...> sequences
1027 Pod::Find Find POD documents in directory trees
1029 Pod::Functions
1031 Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod
1032 Pod::Html Module to convert pod files to HTML
1034 Pod::InputObjects
1036 Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
1037 Pod::Man Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
1039 Pod::ParseLink
1041 Parse an L<> formatting code in POD text
1042 Pod::ParseUtils
1044 Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
1045 Pod::Parser Base class for creating POD filters and translators
1047 Pod::Perldoc
1049 Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
1050 Pod::Perldoc::BaseTo
1052 Base for Pod::Perldoc formatters
1053 Pod::Perldoc::GetOptsOO
1055 Customized option parser for Pod::Perldoc
1056 Pod::Perldoc::ToANSI
1058 Render Pod with ANSI color escapes
1059 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker
1061 Let Perldoc check Pod for errors
1062 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan
1064 Let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
1065 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff
1067 Let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
1068 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod
1070 Let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
1071 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf
1073 Let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
1074 Pod::Perldoc::ToTerm
1076 Render Pod with terminal escapes
1077 Pod::Perldoc::ToText
1079 Let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
1080 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk
1082 Let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
1083 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml
1085 Let Perldoc render Pod as XML
1086 Pod::PlainText
1088 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
1089 Pod::Select Extract selected sections of POD from input
1091 Pod::Simple Framework for parsing Pod
1093 Pod::Simple::Checker
1095 Check the Pod syntax of a document
1096 Pod::Simple::Debug
1098 Put Pod::Simple into trace/debug mode
1099 Pod::Simple::DumpAsText
1101 Dump Pod-parsing events as text
1102 Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML
1104 Turn Pod into XML
1105 Pod::Simple::HTML
1107 Convert Pod to HTML
1108 Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch
1110 Convert several Pod files to several HTML files
1111 Pod::Simple::LinkSection
1113 Represent "section" attributes of L codes
1114 Pod::Simple::Methody
1116 Turn Pod::Simple events into method calls
1117 Pod::Simple::PullParser
1119 A pull-parser interface to parsing Pod
1120 Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken
1122 End-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1123 Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken
1125 Start-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1126 Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken
1128 Text-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1129 Pod::Simple::PullParserToken
1131 Tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1132 Pod::Simple::RTF
1134 Format Pod as RTF
1135 Pod::Simple::Search
1137 Find POD documents in directory trees
1138 Pod::Simple::SimpleTree
1140 Parse Pod into a simple parse tree
1141 Pod::Simple::Subclassing
1143 Write a formatter as a Pod::Simple subclass
1144 Pod::Simple::Text
1146 Format Pod as plaintext
1147 Pod::Simple::TextContent
1149 Get the text content of Pod
1150 Pod::Simple::XHTML
1152 Format Pod as validating XHTML
1153 Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream
1155 Turn Pod into XML
1156 Pod::Text Convert POD data to formatted text
1158 Pod::Text::Color
1160 Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
1161 Pod::Text::Termcap
1163 Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
1164 Pod::Usage Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
1166 SDBM_File Tied access to sdbm files
1168 Safe Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
1170 Scalar::Util
1172 A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
1173 Search::Dict
1175 Look - search for key in dictionary file
1176 SelectSaver Save and restore selected file handle
1178 SelfLoader Load functions only on demand
1180 Storable Persistence for Perl data structures
1182 Sub::Util A selection of utility subroutines for subs and CODE
1184 references
1185 Symbol Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
1187 Sys::Hostname
1189 Try every conceivable way to get hostname
1190 Sys::Syslog Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
1192 Sys::Syslog::Win32
1194 Win32 support for Sys::Syslog
1195 TAP::Base Base class that provides common functionality to
1197 TAP::Parser
1198 TAP::Formatter::Base
1200 Base class for harness output delegates
1201 TAP::Formatter::Color
1203 Run Perl test scripts with color
1204 TAP::Formatter::Console
1206 Harness output delegate for default console output
1207 TAP::Formatter::Console::ParallelSession
1209 Harness output delegate for parallel console output
1210 TAP::Formatter::Console::Session
1212 Harness output delegate for default console output
1213 TAP::Formatter::File
1215 Harness output delegate for file output
1216 TAP::Formatter::File::Session
1218 Harness output delegate for file output
1219 TAP::Formatter::Session
1221 Abstract base class for harness output delegate
1222 TAP::Harness
1224 Run test scripts with statistics
1225 TAP::Harness::Env
1227 Parsing harness related environmental variables where
1228 appropriate
1229 TAP::Object Base class that provides common functionality to all
1231 "TAP::*" modules
1232 TAP::Parser Parse TAP output
1234 TAP::Parser::Aggregator
1236 Aggregate TAP::Parser results
1237 TAP::Parser::Grammar
1239 A grammar for the Test Anything Protocol.
1240 TAP::Parser::Iterator
1242 Base class for TAP source iterators
1243 TAP::Parser::Iterator::Array
1245 Iterator for array-based TAP sources
1246 TAP::Parser::Iterator::Process
1248 Iterator for process-based TAP sources
1249 TAP::Parser::Iterator::Stream
1251 Iterator for filehandle-based TAP sources
1252 TAP::Parser::IteratorFactory
1254 Figures out which SourceHandler objects to use for a given
1255 Source
1256 TAP::Parser::Multiplexer
1258 Multiplex multiple TAP::Parsers
1259 TAP::Parser::Result
1261 Base class for TAP::Parser output objects
1262 TAP::Parser::Result::Bailout
1264 Bailout result token.
1265 TAP::Parser::Result::Comment
1267 Comment result token.
1268 TAP::Parser::Result::Plan
1270 Plan result token.
1271 TAP::Parser::Result::Pragma
1273 TAP pragma token.
1274 TAP::Parser::Result::Test
1276 Test result token.
1277 TAP::Parser::Result::Unknown
1279 Unknown result token.
1280 TAP::Parser::Result::Version
1282 TAP syntax version token.
1283 TAP::Parser::Result::YAML
1285 YAML result token.
1286 TAP::Parser::ResultFactory
1288 Factory for creating TAP::Parser output objects
1289 TAP::Parser::Scheduler
1291 Schedule tests during parallel testing
1292 TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Job
1294 A single testing job.
1295 TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Spinner
1297 A no-op job.
1298 TAP::Parser::Source
1300 A TAP source & meta data about it
1301 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler
1303 Base class for different TAP source handlers
1304 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Executable
1306 Stream output from an executable TAP source
1307 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::File
1309 Stream TAP from a text file.
1310 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Handle
1312 Stream TAP from an IO::Handle or a GLOB.
1313 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Perl
1315 Stream TAP from a Perl executable
1316 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::RawTAP
1318 Stream output from raw TAP in a scalar/array ref.
1319 TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Reader
1321 Read YAMLish data from iterator
1322 TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Writer
1324 Write YAMLish data
1325 Term::ANSIColor
1327 Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
1328 Term::Cap Perl termcap interface
1330 Term::Complete
1332 Perl word completion module
1333 Term::ReadLine
1335 Perl interface to various "readline" packages.
1336 Test Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
1338 Test2 Framework for writing test tools that all work together.
1340 Test2::API Primary interface for writing Test2 based testing tools.
1342 Test2::API::Breakage
1344 What breaks at what version
1345 Test2::API::Context
1347 Object to represent a testing context.
1348 Test2::API::Instance
1350 Object used by Test2::API under the hood
1351 Test2::API::Stack
1353 Object to manage a stack of Test2::Hub
1354 Test2::Event
1356 Base class for events
1357 Test2::Event::Bail
1359 Bailout!
1360 Test2::Event::Diag
1362 Diag event type
1363 Test2::Event::Encoding
1365 Set the encoding for the output stream
1366 Test2::Event::Exception
1368 Exception event
1369 Test2::Event::Fail
1371 Event for a simple failed assertion
1372 Test2::Event::Generic
1374 Generic event type.
1375 Test2::Event::Note
1377 Note event type
1378 Test2::Event::Ok
1380 Ok event type
1381 Test2::Event::Pass
1383 Event for a simple passing assertion
1384 Test2::Event::Plan
1386 The event of a plan
1387 Test2::Event::Skip
1389 Skip event type
1390 Test2::Event::Subtest
1392 Event for subtest types
1393 Test2::Event::TAP::Version
1395 Event for TAP version.
1396 Test2::Event::V2
1398 Second generation event.
1399 Test2::Event::Waiting
1401 Tell all procs/threads it is time to be done
1402 Test2::EventFacet
1404 Base class for all event facets.
1405 Test2::EventFacet::About
1407 Facet with event details.
1408 Test2::EventFacet::Amnesty
1410 Facet for assertion amnesty.
1411 Test2::EventFacet::Assert
1413 Facet representing an assertion.
1414 Test2::EventFacet::Control
1416 Facet for hub actions and behaviors.
1417 Test2::EventFacet::Error
1419 Facet for errors that need to be shown.
1420 Test2::EventFacet::Info
1422 Facet for information a developer might care about.
1423 Test2::EventFacet::Meta
1425 Facet for meta-data
1426 Test2::EventFacet::Parent
1428 Base class for all event facets.
1429 Test2::EventFacet::Plan
1431 Facet for setting the plan
1432 Test2::EventFacet::Render
1434 Facet that dictates how to render an event.
1435 Test2::EventFacet::Trace
1437 Debug information for events
1438 Test2::Formatter
1440 Namespace for formatters.
1441 Test2::Formatter::TAP
1443 Standard TAP formatter
1444 Test2::Hub The conduit through which all events flow.
1446 Test2::Hub::Interceptor
1448 Hub used by interceptor to grab results.
1449 Test2::Hub::Interceptor::Terminator
1451 Exception class used by
1452 Test2::Hub::Subtest
1454 Hub used by subtests
1455 Test2::IPC Turn on IPC for threading or forking support.
1457 Test2::IPC::Driver
1459 Base class for Test2 IPC drivers.
1460 Test2::IPC::Driver::Files
1462 Temp dir + Files concurrency model.
1463 Test2::Tools::Tiny
1465 Tiny set of tools for unfortunate souls who cannot use
1466 Test2::Transition
1468 Transition notes when upgrading to Test2
1469 Test2::Util Tools used by Test2 and friends.
1471 Test2::Util::ExternalMeta
1473 Allow third party tools to safely attach meta-data
1474 Test2::Util::Facets2Legacy
1476 Convert facet data to the legacy event API.
1477 Test2::Util::HashBase
1479 Build hash based classes.
1480 Test2::Util::Trace
1482 Legacy wrapper fro Test2::EventFacet::Trace.
1483 Test::Builder
1485 Backend for building test libraries
1486 Test::Builder::Formatter
1488 Test::Builder subclass of Test2::Formatter::TAP
1489 Test::Builder::IO::Scalar
1491 A copy of IO::Scalar for Test::Builder
1492 Test::Builder::Module
1494 Base class for test modules
1495 Test::Builder::Tester
1497 Test testsuites that have been built with
1498 Test::Builder::Tester::Color
1500 Turn on colour in Test::Builder::Tester
1501 Test::Builder::TodoDiag
1503 Test::Builder subclass of Test2::Event::Diag
1504 Test::Harness
1506 Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
1507 Test::Harness::Beyond
1509 Beyond make test
1510 Test::More Yet another framework for writing test scripts
1512 Test::Simple
1514 Basic utilities for writing tests.
1515 Test::Tester
1517 Ease testing test modules built with Test::Builder
1518 Test::Tester::Capture
1520 Help testing test modules built with Test::Builder
1521 Test::Tester::CaptureRunner
1523 Help testing test modules built with Test::Builder
1524 Test::Tutorial
1526 A tutorial about writing really basic tests
1527 Test::use::ok
1529 Alternative to Test::More::use_ok
1530 Text::Abbrev
1532 Abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
1533 Text::Balanced
1535 Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
1536 Text::ParseWords
1538 Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
1539 Text::Tabs Expand and unexpand tabs like unix expand(1) and
1541 unexpand(1)
1542 Text::Wrap Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
1544 Thread Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
1546 Thread::Queue
1548 Thread-safe queues
1549 Thread::Semaphore
1551 Thread-safe semaphores
1552 Tie::Array Base class for tied arrays
1554 Tie::File Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
1556 Tie::Handle Base class definitions for tied handles
1558 Tie::Hash Base class definitions for tied hashes
1560 Tie::Hash::NamedCapture
1562 Named regexp capture buffers
1563 Tie::Memoize
1565 Add data to hash when needed
1566 Tie::RefHash
1568 Use references as hash keys
1569 Tie::Scalar Base class definitions for tied scalars
1571 Tie::StdHandle
1573 Base class definitions for tied handles
1574 Tie::SubstrHash
1576 Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
1577 Time::HiRes High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers
1579 Time::Local Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
1581 Time::Piece Object Oriented time objects
1583 Time::Seconds
1585 A simple API to convert seconds to other date values
1586 Time::gmtime
1588 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
1589 Time::localtime
1591 By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
1592 Time::tm Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
1594 UNIVERSAL Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
1596 Unicode::Collate
1598 Unicode Collation Algorithm
1599 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Big5
1601 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1602 Unicode::Collate::CJK::GB2312
1604 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1605 Unicode::Collate::CJK::JISX0208
1607 Weighting JIS KANJI for Unicode::Collate
1608 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Korean
1610 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1611 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Pinyin
1613 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1614 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Stroke
1616 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1617 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Zhuyin
1619 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1620 Unicode::Collate::Locale
1622 Linguistic tailoring for DUCET via Unicode::Collate
1623 Unicode::Normalize
1625 Unicode Normalization Forms
1626 Unicode::UCD
1628 Unicode character database
1629 User::grent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
1631 User::pwent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
1633 VMS::DCLsym Perl extension to manipulate DCL symbols
1635 VMS::Filespec
1637 Convert between VMS and Unix file specification syntax
1638 VMS::Stdio Standard I/O functions via VMS extensions
1640 Win32 Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
1642 Win32API::File
1644 Low-level access to Win32 system API calls for files/dirs.
1645 Win32CORE Win32 CORE function stubs
1647 XS::APItest Test the perl C API
1649 XS::Typemap Module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
1651 XSLoader Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
1653 autodie::Scope::Guard
1655 Wrapper class for calling subs at end of scope
1656 autodie::Scope::GuardStack
1658 Hook stack for managing scopes via %^H
1659 autodie::Util
1661 Internal Utility subroutines for autodie and Fatal
1662 version::Internals
1664 Perl extension for Version Objects
1665 To find out all modules installed on your system, including those
1667 without documentation or outside the standard release, just use the
1668 following command (under the default win32 shell, double quotes should
1669 be used instead of single quotes).
1670 % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
1672 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
1673 no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
1674 (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.) They should
1676 all have their own documentation installed and accessible via your
1677 system man(1) command. If you do not have a find program, you can use
1678 the Perl find2perl program instead, which generates Perl code as output
1679 you can run through perl. If you have a man program but it doesn't
1680 find your modules, you'll have to fix your manpath. See perl for
1681 details. If you have no system man command, you might try the perldoc
1682 program.
1683 Note also that the command "perldoc perllocal" gives you a (possibly
1685 incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
1686 your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard
1687 MakeMaker install process.)
1688 Extension Modules
1690 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They are
1691 usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them, but may
1692 also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules include
1693 Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
1694 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
1696 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time for
1697 adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of platforms on
1698 which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to look for them on
1699 CPAN (described below), or using web search engines like Alta Vista or
1700 Google.
1701
1703 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
1704 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
1705 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
1706 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for CPAN
1707 can be found at http://www.cpan.org/
1708 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
1710 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
1711 modules are:
1712 · Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
1714 · Development Support
1716 · Operating System Interfaces
1718 · Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
1720 · Data Types and Data Type Utilities
1722 · Database Interfaces
1724 · User Interfaces
1726 · Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
1728 · File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
1730 · String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
1732 · Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
1734 · Internationalization and Locale
1736 · Authentication, Security, and Encryption
1738 · World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
1740 · Server and Daemon Utilities
1742 · Archiving and Compression
1744 · Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
1746 · Mail and Usenet News
1748 · Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
1750 · File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
1752 · Miscellaneous Modules
1754 The list of the registered CPAN sites follows. Please note that the
1756 sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
1757 Continent
1759 |
1760 |-->Country
1761 |
1762 |-->[state/province]
1763 |
1764 |-->ftp
1765 |
1766 |-->[http]
1767 and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
1769 European and the South American sites.
1770 Registered CPAN sites
1772 Africa
1774 South Africa
1775 http://mirror.is.co.za/pub/cpan/
1776 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/pub/cpan/
1777 http://cpan.mirror.ac.za/
1778 ftp://cpan.mirror.ac.za/
1779 http://cpan.saix.net/
1780 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
1781 http://ftp.wa.co.za/pub/CPAN/
1782 ftp://ftp.wa.co.za/pub/CPAN/
1783 Uganda
1785 http://mirror.ucu.ac.ug/cpan/
1786 Zimbabwe
1788 http://mirror.zol.co.zw/CPAN/
1789 ftp://mirror.zol.co.zw/CPAN/
1790 Asia
1792 Bangladesh
1793 http://mirror.dhakacom.com/CPAN/
1794 ftp://mirror.dhakacom.com/CPAN/
1795 China
1797 http://cpan.communilink.net/
1798 http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
1799 ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
1800 http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/CPAN/
1801 http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/cpan/
1802 http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/CPAN/
1803 http://mirrors.163.com/cpan/
1804 http://mirrors.sohu.com/CPAN/
1805 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CPAN/
1806 ftp://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CPAN/
1807 http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/CPAN/
1808 ftp://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/CPAN/
1809 http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/CPAN/
1810 India
1812 http://cpan.excellmedia.net/
1813 http://perlmirror.indialinks.com/
1814 Indonesia
1816 http://kambing.ui.ac.id/cpan/
1817 http://cpan.pesat.net.id/
1818 http://mirror.poliwangi.ac.id/CPAN/
1819 http://kartolo.sby.datautama.net.id/CPAN/
1820 http://mirror.wanxp.id/cpan/
1821 Iran
1823 http://mirror.yazd.ac.ir/cpan/
1824 Israel
1826 http://biocourse.weizmann.ac.il/CPAN/
1827 Japan
1829 http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1830 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1831 http://mirror.jre655.com/CPAN/
1832 ftp://mirror.jre655.com/CPAN/
1833 ftp://ftp.kddilabs.jp/CPAN/
1834 http://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/
1835 ftp://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/
1836 http://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/
1837 ftp://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/
1838 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1839 http://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/
1840 ftp://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/
1841 Kazakhstan
1843 http://mirror.neolabs.kz/CPAN/
1844 ftp://mirror.neolabs.kz/CPAN/
1845 Philippines
1847 http://mirror.pregi.net/CPAN/
1848 ftp://mirror.pregi.net/CPAN/
1849 http://mirror.rise.ph/cpan/
1850 ftp://mirror.rise.ph/cpan/
1851 Qatar
1853 http://mirror.qnren.qa/CPAN/
1854 ftp://mirror.qnren.qa/CPAN/
1855 Republic of Korea
1857 http://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/
1858 ftp://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/CPAN/
1859 http://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/pub/CPAN/
1860 ftp://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/CPAN/
1861 http://ftp.kr.freebsd.org/pub/CPAN/
1862 ftp://ftp.kr.freebsd.org/pub/CPAN/
1863 http://mirror.navercorp.com/CPAN/
1864 http://ftp.neowiz.com/CPAN/
1865 ftp://ftp.neowiz.com/CPAN/
1866 Singapore
1868 http://cpan.mirror.choon.net/
1869 http://mirror.0x.sg/CPAN/
1870 ftp://mirror.0x.sg/CPAN/
1871 Taiwan
1873 http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Unix/Lang/CPAN/
1874 ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Unix/Lang/CPAN/
1875 http://cpan.stu.edu.tw/
1876 ftp://ftp.stu.edu.tw/CPAN/
1877 http://ftp.yzu.edu.tw/CPAN/
1878 ftp://ftp.yzu.edu.tw/CPAN/
1879 http://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/
1880 ftp://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/
1881 http://ftp.ubuntu-tw.org/mirror/CPAN/
1882 ftp://ftp.ubuntu-tw.org/mirror/CPAN/
1883 Turkey
1885 http://cpan.ulak.net.tr/
1886 ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1887 http://mirror.vit.com.tr/mirror/CPAN/
1888 ftp://mirror.vit.com.tr/CPAN/
1889 Viet Nam
1891 http://mirrors.digipower.vn/CPAN/
1892 http://mirror.downloadvn.com/cpan/
1893 http://mirrors.vinahost.vn/CPAN/
1894 Europe
1896 Austria
1897 http://cpan.inode.at/
1898 ftp://cpan.inode.at/
1899 http://mirror.easyname.at/cpan/
1900 ftp://mirror.easyname.at/cpan/
1901 http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/languages/perl/CPAN/
1902 ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
1903 Belarus
1905 http://ftp.byfly.by/pub/CPAN/
1906 ftp://ftp.byfly.by/pub/CPAN/
1907 http://mirror.datacenter.by/pub/CPAN/
1908 ftp://mirror.datacenter.by/pub/CPAN/
1909 Belgium
1911 http://ftp.belnet.be/ftp.cpan.org/
1912 ftp://ftp.belnet.be/mirror/ftp.cpan.org/
1913 http://cpan.cu.be/
1914 http://lib.ugent.be/CPAN/
1915 http://cpan.weepeetelecom.be/
1916 Bosnia and Herzegovina
1918 http://cpan.mirror.ba/
1919 ftp://ftp.mirror.ba/CPAN/
1920 Bulgaria
1922 http://mirrors.neterra.net/CPAN/
1923 ftp://mirrors.neterra.net/CPAN/
1924 http://mirrors.netix.net/CPAN/
1925 ftp://mirrors.netix.net/CPAN/
1926 Croatia
1928 http://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/
1929 ftp://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/
1930 Czech Republic
1932 http://mirror.dkm.cz/cpan/
1933 ftp://mirror.dkm.cz/cpan/
1934 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
1935 http://mirrors.nic.cz/CPAN/
1936 ftp://mirrors.nic.cz/pub/CPAN/
1937 http://cpan.mirror.vutbr.cz/
1938 ftp://mirror.vutbr.cz/cpan/
1939 Denmark
1941 http://www.cpan.dk/
1942 http://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan/
1943 ftp://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan/
1944 Finland
1946 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1947 France
1949 http://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/cpan/
1950 ftp://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/cpan/
1951 http://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1952 ftp://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1953 http://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1954 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1955 http://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/CPAN/
1956 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/CPAN/
1957 http://cpan.mirrors.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org/
1958 ftp://cpan.mirrors.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org/
1959 http://cpan.enstimac.fr/
1960 Germany
1962 http://mirror.23media.de/cpan/
1963 ftp://mirror.23media.de/cpan/
1964 http://artfiles.org/cpan.org/
1965 ftp://artfiles.org/cpan.org/
1966 http://mirror.bibleonline.ru/cpan/
1967 http://mirror.checkdomain.de/CPAN/
1968 ftp://mirror.checkdomain.de/CPAN/
1969 http://cpan.noris.de/
1970 http://mirror.de.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
1971 ftp://mirror.de.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
1972 http://cpan.mirror.euserv.net/
1973 ftp://mirror.euserv.net/cpan/
1974 http://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN/
1975 ftp://mirror.fraunhofer.de/CPAN/
1976 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1977 http://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/
1978 ftp://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/
1979 ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/languages/perl/
1980 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1981 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1982 http://ftp.hawo.stw.uni-erlangen.de/CPAN/
1983 ftp://ftp.hawo.stw.uni-erlangen.de/CPAN/
1984 http://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/
1985 ftp://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/pub/CPAN/
1986 ftp://ftp.mpi-inf.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
1987 http://cpan.netbet.org/
1988 http://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
1989 ftp://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
1990 ftp://mirror.petamem.com/CPAN/
1991 http://www.planet-elektronik.de/CPAN/
1992 http://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/cpan/
1993 ftp://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/cpan/
1994 http://mirror.softaculous.com/cpan/
1995 http://ftp.u-tx.net/CPAN/
1996 ftp://ftp.u-tx.net/CPAN/
1997 http://mirror.reismil.ch/CPAN/
1998 Greece
2000 http://cpan.cc.uoc.gr/mirrors/CPAN/
2001 ftp://ftp.cc.uoc.gr/mirrors/CPAN/
2002 http://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
2003 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
2004 Hungary
2006 http://mirror.met.hu/CPAN/
2007 Ireland
2009 http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
2010 ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
2011 Italy
2013 http://bo.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/CPAN/
2014 ftp://ftp.eutelia.it/CPAN_Mirror/
2015 http://cpan.panu.it/
2016 ftp://ftp.panu.it/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/
2017 http://cpan.muzzy.it/
2018 Latvia
2020 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
2021 Lithuania
2023 http://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/
2024 ftp://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/
2025 Moldova
2027 http://mirror.as43289.net/pub/CPAN/
2028 ftp://mirror.as43289.net/pub/CPAN/
2029 Netherlands
2031 http://cpan.cs.uu.nl/
2032 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/pub/CPAN/
2033 http://mirror.nl.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2034 ftp://mirror.nl.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2035 http://ftp.nluug.nl/languages/perl/CPAN/
2036 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2037 http://mirror.transip.net/CPAN/
2038 ftp://mirror.transip.net/CPAN/
2039 http://cpan.mirror.triple-it.nl/
2040 http://ftp.tudelft.nl/cpan/
2041 ftp://ftp.tudelft.nl/pub/CPAN/
2042 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2043 Norway
2045 http://cpan.uib.no/
2046 ftp://cpan.uib.no/pub/CPAN/
2047 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2048 http://cpan.vianett.no/
2049 Poland
2051 http://ftp.agh.edu.pl/CPAN/
2052 ftp://ftp.agh.edu.pl/CPAN/
2053 http://ftp.piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2054 ftp://ftp.piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2055 ftp://ftp.ps.pl/pub/CPAN/
2056 http://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
2057 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
2058 Portugal
2060 http://cpan.dcc.fc.up.pt/
2061 http://mirrors.fe.up.pt/pub/CPAN/
2062 http://cpan.perl-hackers.net/
2063 http://cpan.perl.pt/
2064 Romania
2066 http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/cpan.org/
2067 ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN/
2068 http://mirrors.m247.ro/CPAN/
2069 http://mirrors.evowise.com/CPAN/
2070 http://mirrors.teentelecom.net/CPAN/
2071 ftp://mirrors.teentelecom.net/CPAN/
2072 http://mirrors.xservers.ro/CPAN/
2073 Russian Federation
2075 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/CPAN/
2076 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
2077 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2078 http://cpan-mirror.rbc.ru/pub/CPAN/
2079 http://mirror.rol.ru/CPAN/
2080 http://cpan.uni-altai.ru/
2081 http://cpan.webdesk.ru/
2082 ftp://cpan.webdesk.ru/cpan/
2083 http://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/cpan/
2084 ftp://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/cpan/
2085 Serbia
2087 http://mirror.sbb.rs/CPAN/
2088 ftp://mirror.sbb.rs/CPAN/
2089 Slovakia
2091 http://cpan.lnx.sk/
2092 http://tux.rainside.sk/CPAN/
2093 ftp://tux.rainside.sk/CPAN/
2094 Slovenia
2096 http://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
2097 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
2098 Spain
2100 http://mirrors.evowise.com/CPAN/
2101 http://osl.ugr.es/CPAN/
2102 http://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
2103 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
2104 Sweden
2106 http://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/CPAN/
2107 ftp://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/CPAN/
2108 Switzerland
2110 http://www.pirbot.com/mirrors/cpan/
2111 http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/mirror/CPAN/
2112 ftp://mirror.switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
2113 Ukraine
2115 http://cpan.ip-connect.vn.ua/
2116 ftp://cpan.ip-connect.vn.ua/mirror/cpan/
2117 United Kingdom
2119 http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
2120 ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
2121 http://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/
2122 ftp://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/
2123 http://mirrors.coreix.net/CPAN/
2124 http://cpan.etla.org/
2125 ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN/
2126 http://cpan.cpantesters.org/
2127 http://mirror.sax.uk.as61049.net/CPAN/
2128 http://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/CPAN/
2129 http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/cpan.perl.org/CPAN/
2130 ftp://ftp.mirrorservice.org/sites/cpan.perl.org/CPAN/
2131 http://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/
2132 ftp://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/
2133 http://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/
2134 ftp://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/
2135 http://cpan.mirrors.uk2.net/
2136 ftp://mirrors.uk2.net/pub/CPAN/
2137 http://mirror.ukhost4u.com/CPAN/
2138 North America
2140 Canada
2141 http://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/
2142 ftp://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/pub/CPAN/
2143 http://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/CPAN/
2144 ftp://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/CPAN/
2145 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN/
2146 http://mirror.its.dal.ca/cpan/
2147 ftp://mirror.its.dal.ca/cpan/
2148 ftp://ftp.ottix.net/pub/CPAN/
2149 Costa Rica
2151 http://mirrors.ucr.ac.cr/CPAN/
2152 Mexico
2154 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
2155 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
2156 United States
2158 Alabama
2159 http://mirror.teklinks.com/CPAN/
2160 Arizona
2162 http://mirror.n5tech.com/CPAN/
2163 http://mirrors.namecheap.com/CPAN/
2164 ftp://mirrors.namecheap.com/CPAN/
2165 California
2167 http://cpan.develooper.com/
2168 http://httpupdate127.cpanel.net/CPAN/
2169 http://mirrors.sonic.net/cpan/
2170 ftp://mirrors.sonic.net/cpan/
2171 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
2172 http://cpan.yimg.com/
2173 Idaho
2175 http://mirrors.syringanetworks.net/CPAN/
2176 ftp://mirrors.syringanetworks.net/CPAN/
2177 Illinois
2179 http://cpan.mirrors.hoobly.com/
2180 http://mirror.team-cymru.org/CPAN/
2181 ftp://mirror.team-cymru.org/CPAN/
2182 Indiana
2184 http://cpan.netnitco.net/
2185 ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2186 ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
2187 Kansas
2189 http://mirrors.concertpass.com/cpan/
2190 Massachusetts
2192 http://mirrors.ccs.neu.edu/CPAN/
2193 Michigan
2195 http://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
2196 ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
2197 http://httpupdate118.cpanel.net/CPAN/
2198 http://mirrors-usa.go-parts.com/cpan/
2199 http://ftp.wayne.edu/CPAN/
2200 ftp://ftp.wayne.edu/CPAN/
2201 New Hampshire
2203 http://mirror.metrocast.net/cpan/
2204 New Jersey
2206 http://mirror.datapipe.net/CPAN/
2207 ftp://mirror.datapipe.net/pub/CPAN/
2208 http://www.hoovism.com/CPAN/
2209 ftp://ftp.hoovism.com/CPAN/
2210 http://cpan.mirror.nac.net/
2211 New York
2213 http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/
2214 ftp://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/
2215 http://cpan.belfry.net/
2216 http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
2217 ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/CPAN/
2218 http://cpan.hexten.net/
2219 ftp://cpan.hexten.net/
2220 http://mirror.nyi.net/CPAN/
2221 ftp://mirror.nyi.net/pub/CPAN/
2222 http://noodle.portalus.net/CPAN/
2223 ftp://noodle.portalus.net/CPAN/
2224 http://mirrors.rit.edu/CPAN/
2225 ftp://mirrors.rit.edu/CPAN/
2226 North Carolina
2228 http://httpupdate140.cpanel.net/CPAN/
2229 http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/CPAN/
2230 Oregon
2232 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/
2233 ftp://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/
2234 http://mirror.uoregon.edu/CPAN/
2235 Pennsylvania
2237 http://cpan.pair.com/
2238 ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
2239 http://cpan.mirrors.ionfish.org/
2240 South Carolina
2242 http://cpan.mirror.clemson.edu/
2243 Texas
2245 http://mirror.uta.edu/CPAN/
2246 Utah
2248 http://cpan.cs.utah.edu/
2249 ftp://cpan.cs.utah.edu/CPAN/
2250 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
2251 Virginia
2253 http://mirror.cogentco.com/pub/CPAN/
2254 ftp://mirror.cogentco.com/pub/CPAN/
2255 http://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2256 ftp://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2257 http://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2258 ftp://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2259 Washington
2261 http://cpan.llarian.net/
2262 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
2263 Wisconsin
2265 http://cpan.mirrors.tds.net/
2266 ftp://cpan.mirrors.tds.net/pub/CPAN/
2267 Oceania
2269 Australia
2270 http://mirror.as24220.net/pub/cpan/
2271 ftp://mirror.as24220.net/pub/cpan/
2272 http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au/
2273 http://cpan.mirror.digitalpacific.com.au/
2274 ftp://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/cpan/
2275 http://mirror.optusnet.com.au/CPAN/
2276 http://cpan.mirror.serversaustralia.com.au/
2277 http://cpan.uberglobalmirror.com/
2278 http://mirror.waia.asn.au/pub/cpan/
2279 New Caledonia
2281 http://cpan.lagoon.nc/pub/CPAN/
2282 ftp://cpan.lagoon.nc/pub/CPAN/
2283 http://cpan.nautile.nc/CPAN/
2284 ftp://cpan.nautile.nc/CPAN/
2285 New Zealand
2287 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
2288 http://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/CPAN/
2289 ftp://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/pub/CPAN/
2290 http://cpan.inspire.net.nz/
2291 ftp://cpan.inspire.net.nz/cpan/
2292 http://mirror.webtastix.net/CPAN/
2293 ftp://mirror.webtastix.net/CPAN/
2294 South America
2296 Argentina
2297 http://cpan.mmgdesigns.com.ar/
2298 Brazil
2300 http://cpan.kinghost.net/
2301 http://linorg.usp.br/CPAN/
2302 http://mirror.nbtelecom.com.br/CPAN/
2303 Chile
2305 http://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/
2306 ftp://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/cpan/
2307 RSYNC Mirrors
2309 rsync://ftp.is.co.za/IS-Mirror/ftp.cpan.org/
2310 rsync://mirror.ac.za/CPAN/
2311 rsync://mirror.zol.co.zw/CPAN/
2312 rsync://mirror.dhakacom.com/CPAN/
2313 rsync://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CPAN/
2314 rsync://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/CPAN/
2315 rsync://kambing.ui.ac.id/CPAN/
2316 rsync://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
2317 rsync://mirror.jre655.com/CPAN/
2318 rsync://ftp.kddilabs.jp/cpan/
2319 rsync://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/cpan/
2320 rsync://ftp.riken.jp/cpan/
2321 rsync://mirror.neolabs.kz/CPAN/
2322 rsync://mirror.qnren.qa/CPAN/
2323 rsync://ftp.neowiz.com/CPAN/
2324 rsync://mirror.0x.sg/CPAN/
2325 rsync://ftp.yzu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
2326 rsync://ftp.ubuntu-tw.org/CPAN/
2327 rsync://mirrors.digipower.vn/CPAN/
2328 rsync://cpan.inode.at/CPAN/
2329 rsync://ftp.byfly.by/CPAN/
2330 rsync://mirror.datacenter.by/CPAN/
2331 rsync://ftp.belnet.be/cpan/
2332 rsync://cpan.mirror.ba/CPAN/
2333 rsync://mirrors.neterra.net/CPAN/
2334 rsync://mirrors.netix.net/CPAN/
2335 rsync://mirror.dkm.cz/cpan/
2336 rsync://mirrors.nic.cz/CPAN/
2337 rsync://cpan.mirror.vutbr.cz/cpan/
2338 rsync://rsync.nic.funet.fi/CPAN/
2339 rsync://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/cpan/
2340 rsync://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
2341 rsync://cpan.mirrors.ovh.net/CPAN/
2342 rsync://mirror.de.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2343 rsync://mirror.euserv.net/cpan/
2344 rsync://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/CPAN/
2345 rsync://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2346 rsync://ftp.hawo.stw.uni-erlangen.de/CPAN/
2347 rsync://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/CPAN/
2348 rsync://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
2349 rsync://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/cpan/
2350 rsync://ftp.ntua.gr/CPAN/
2351 rsync://mirror.met.hu/CPAN/
2352 rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
2353 rsync://rsync.panu.it/CPAN/
2354 rsync://mirror.as43289.net/CPAN/
2355 rsync://rsync.cs.uu.nl/CPAN/
2356 rsync://mirror.nl.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2357 rsync://ftp.nluug.nl/CPAN/
2358 rsync://mirror.transip.net/CPAN/
2359 rsync://cpan.uib.no/cpan/
2360 rsync://cpan.vianett.no/CPAN/
2361 rsync://cpan.perl-hackers.net/CPAN/
2362 rsync://cpan.perl.pt/cpan/
2363 rsync://mirrors.m247.ro/CPAN/
2364 rsync://mirrors.teentelecom.net/CPAN/
2365 rsync://cpan.webdesk.ru/CPAN/
2366 rsync://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/cpan/
2367 rsync://mirror.sbb.rs/CPAN/
2368 rsync://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/CPAN/
2369 rsync://rsync.pirbot.com/ftp/cpan/
2370 rsync://cpan.ip-connect.vn.ua/CPAN/
2371 rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
2372 rsync://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/
2373 rsync://mirror.sax.uk.as61049.net/CPAN/
2374 rsync://rsync.mirrorservice.org/cpan.perl.org/CPAN/
2375 rsync://ftp.ticklers.org/CPAN/
2376 rsync://mirrors.uk2.net/CPAN/
2377 rsync://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/CPAN/
2378 rsync://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/CPAN/
2379 rsync://mirrors.namecheap.com/CPAN/
2380 rsync://mirrors.syringanetworks.net/CPAN/
2381 rsync://mirror.team-cymru.org/CPAN/
2382 rsync://debian.cse.msu.edu/cpan/
2383 rsync://mirrors-usa.go-parts.com/mirrors/cpan/
2384 rsync://rsync.hoovism.com/CPAN/
2385 rsync://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/cpan/
2386 rsync://noodle.portalus.net/CPAN/
2387 rsync://mirrors.rit.edu/cpan/
2388 rsync://mirrors.ibiblio.org/CPAN/
2389 rsync://cpan.pair.com/CPAN/
2390 rsync://cpan.cs.utah.edu/CPAN/
2391 rsync://mirror.cogentco.com/CPAN/
2392 rsync://mirror.jmu.edu/CPAN/
2393 rsync://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2394 rsync://cpan.mirror.digitalpacific.com.au/cpan/
2395 rsync://mirror.internode.on.net/cpan/
2396 rsync://uberglobalmirror.com/cpan/
2397 rsync://cpan.lagoon.nc/cpan/
2398 rsync://mirrors.mmgdesigns.com.ar/CPAN/
2399 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites, see
2401 <http://www.cpan.org/SITES> or <ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES>.
2402
2404 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
2405 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
2406 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a package
2408 doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a namespace.
2409 A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be used as
2410 methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its first
2411 argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods), or a
2412 reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
2413 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
2415 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
2416 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
2417 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
2418 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
2419 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
2420 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the .pm file is required to
2421 exist. See perlsub, perlobj, and AutoLoader for details about the
2422 AUTOLOAD mechanism.
2423 Guidelines for Module Creation
2425 · Do similar modules already exist in some form?
2426 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
2428 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
2429 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
2430 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
2431 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
2432 with command line options.
2433 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
2435 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
2436 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
2437 scheme as the original author.
2438 · Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
2440 Try to "use warnings;" (or "use warnings qw(...);"). Remember that
2442 you can add "no warnings qw(...);" to individual blocks of code
2443 that need less warnings.
2444 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to
2446 bless into the class name given as the first parameter of the
2447 constructor, e.g.,:
2448 sub new {
2450 my $class = shift;
2451 return bless {}, $class;
2452 }
2453 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static or a
2455 virtual method.
2456 sub new {
2458 my $self = shift;
2459 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
2460 return bless {}, $class;
2461 }
2462 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
2464 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
2465 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
2466 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
2467 Avoid class name tests like: "die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq
2469 'FOO'". Generally you can delete the "eq 'FOO'" part with no harm
2470 at all. Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid
2471 hard-wired class names as far as possible.
2472 Avoid "$r->Class::func()" where using "@ISA=qw(... Class ...)" and
2474 "$r->func()" would work.
2475 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
2477 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to the
2478 module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
2479 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
2481 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
2483 "@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);" your applications should be able
2484 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
2485 does your application still work if you change: "$obj =
2486 YOURCLASS->new();" into: "$obj = SUBCLASS->new();" ?
2487 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
2489 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
2490 information in objects.
2491 Always use -w.
2493 Try to "use strict;" (or "use strict qw(...);"). Remember that you
2495 can add "no strict qw(...);" to individual blocks of code that need
2496 less strictness.
2497 Always use -w.
2499 Follow the guidelines in perlstyle.
2501 Always use -w.
2503 · Some simple style guidelines
2505 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
2507 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve
2509 their style over several years as they learn what helps them write
2510 and maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions
2511 that seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
2512 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
2514 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for non-
2515 native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
2516 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
2517 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
2519 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
2520 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
2521 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
2522 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope or
2524 nature of a variable. For example:
2525 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
2527 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
2528 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
2529 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
2531 e.g., "$obj->as_string()".
2532 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
2534 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
2535 · Select what to export.
2537 Do NOT export method names!
2539 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
2541 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
2543 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
2544 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
2545 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside
2547 the module using the ModuleName::item_name (or
2548 "$blessed_ref->method") syntax. By convention you can use a
2549 leading underscore on names to indicate informally that they are
2550 'internal' and not for public use.
2551 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying: "my
2553 $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;". But there's no way to call
2554 that directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the
2555 symbol table.)
2556 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
2558 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
2559 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
2560 · Select a name for the module.
2562 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
2564 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
2565 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is
2566 special about what the module does rather than how it does it.
2567 Please use nested module names to group informally or categorize a
2568 module. There should be a very good reason for a module not to
2569 have a nested name. Module names should begin with a capital
2570 letter.
2571 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for
2573 anyone (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally
2574 better :-). Imagine someone trying to install your module
2575 alongside many others.
2576 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
2578 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
2579 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
2580 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
2581 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
2583 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in those
2584 modules.
2585 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
2587 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
2588 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
2589 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
2590 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
2591 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
2593 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure
2594 each is unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this
2595 easier.
2596 For additional guidance on the naming of modules, please consult:
2598 http://pause.perl.org/pause/query?ACTION=pause_namingmodules
2600 or send mail to the <module-authors@perl.org> mailing list.
2602 · Have you got it right?
2604 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
2606 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have you
2607 picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
2608 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful
2610 suggestions, is to ask someone who knows. The
2611 <module-authors@perl.org> mailing list is useful for this purpose;
2612 it's also accessible via news interface as perl.module-authors at
2613 nntp.perl.org.
2614 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
2616 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
2617 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
2618 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
2619 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
2621 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
2622 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
2623 · README and other Additional Files.
2625 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
2627 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
2628 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
2629 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
2630 · A description of the module/package/extension etc.
2632 · A copyright notice - see below.
2634 · Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
2636 · How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
2638 · How to install it.
2640 · Recent changes in this release, especially
2642 incompatibilities
2643 · Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
2645 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
2647 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
2648 Copying, ToDo etc.
2649 · Adding a Copyright Notice.
2651 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
2653 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
2654 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
2655 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The
2657 GNU GPL and The Artistic Licence (see the files README,
2658 Copying, and Artistic, or perlgpl and perlartistic). Larry has
2659 good reasons for NOT just using the GNU GPL.
2660 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and
2662 the Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
2663 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
2665 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
2666 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
2667 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You
2669 may also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source
2670 files. Remember to include the other words in addition to the
2671 Copyright.
2672 · Give the module a version/issue/release number.
2674 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules
2676 you should store your module's version number in a non-my
2677 package variable called $VERSION. This should be a positive
2678 floating point number with at least two digits after the
2679 decimal (i.e., hundredths, e.g, "$VERSION = "0.01""). Don't
2680 use a "1.3.2" style version. See Exporter for details.
2681 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the
2683 number. Use the number in announcements and archive file names
2684 when releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z). See perldoc
2685 ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
2686 · How to release and distribute a module.
2688 If possible, register the module with CPAN. Follow the
2690 instructions and links on:
2691 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
2693 and upload to:
2695 http://pause.perl.org/
2697 and notify <modules@perl.org>. This will allow anyone to
2699 install your module using the "cpan" tool distributed with
2700 Perl.
2701 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to
2703 mirror your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own
2704 directory on CPAN!
2705 · Take care when changing a released module.
2707 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released
2709 versions. Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
2710 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible
2711 changes.
2712 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2714 · There is no requirement to convert anything.
2715 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
2717 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
2718 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
2719 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
2720 · Consider the implications.
2722 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to be
2724 changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is it
2725 worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
2726 · Make the most of the opportunity.
2728 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
2730 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
2731 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
2732 · The pl2pm utility will get you started.
2734 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
2736 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
2737 · Adds the standard Module prologue lines
2739 · Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
2741 · Converts die(...) to croak(...)
2743 · Several other minor changes
2745 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
2747 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
2748 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
2749 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2751 · Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
2752 · Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
2754 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
2756 to reuse.
2757 · Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
2759 · Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
2761 · In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
2763 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these
2765 cases the application could invoked as:
2766 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
2768 or
2769 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
2770
2772 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you
2773 may have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17.
2774 Perl doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would
2775 prefer that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't
2776 invited, not because it has a shotgun.
2777 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
2779 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
2780 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
2781 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
2782 provisions. But then you know when you "use RedefineTheWorld" that
2783 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.
2784perl v5.28.2 2019-04-23 PERLMODLIB(1)