1XPR(1)                      General Commands Manual                     XPR(1)
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NAME

6       xpr - print an X window dump
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SYNOPSIS

9       xpr  [  -device  devtype ] [ -scale scale ] [ -height inches ] [ -width
10       inches ] [ -left inches ] [ -top inches ] [ -header string ] [ -trailer
11       string ] [ -landscape ] [ -portrait ] [ -plane number ] [ -gray ] [ -rv
12       ] [ -compact ] [ -output filename ] [ -append filename ] [  -noff  ]  [
13       -split  n ] [ -psfig ] [ -density dpi ] [ -cutoff level ] [ -noposition
14       ] [ -gamma correction ] [ -render algorithm ] [ -slide ] [ -version ] [
15       filename ]
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DESCRIPTION

18       xpr takes as input a window dump file produced by xwd(1) and formats it
19       for output on PostScript printers, the Digital LN03 or LA100,  the  IBM
20       PP3812 page printer, the HP LaserJet (or other PCL printers), or the HP
21       PaintJet.  If no file argument is given, the standard  input  is  used.
22       By  default, xpr prints the largest possible representation of the win‐
23       dow on the output page.  Options allow the  user  to  add  headers  and
24       trailers, specify margins, adjust the scale and orientation, and append
25       multiple window dumps to a single output file.  Output is  to  standard
26       output unless -output is specified.
27
28       Command Options
29
30
31       -device devtype
32              Specifies  the  device  on which the file will be printed.  Cur‐
33              rently supported:
34                   la100  Digital LA100
35                   ljet   HP LaserJet series and other monochrome PCL  devices
36                          such  as  ThinkJet,  QuietJet,  RuggedWriter, HP2560
37                          series, and HP2930 series printers
38                   ln03   Digital LN03
39                   pjet   HP PaintJet (color mode)
40                   pjetxl HP HP PaintJet  XL  Color  Graphics  Printer  (color
41                          mode)
42                   pp     IBM PP3812
43                   ps     PostScript printer
44
45              The  default is PostScript.  -device lw (LaserWriter) is equiva‐
46              lent to -device ps and is provided only for  backwards  compati‐
47              bility.
48
49       -scale scale
50              Affects  the  size  of  the window on the page.  The PostScript,
51              LN03, and HP printers are able to translate each bit in a window
52              pixel map into a grid of a specified size.  For example each bit
53              might translate into a 3x3 grid.  This  would  be  specified  by
54              -scale 3.  By default a window is printed with the largest scale
55              that will fit onto the page for the specified orientation.
56
57       -height inches
58              Specifies the maximum height of the page.
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60       -width inches
61              Specifies the maximum width of the page.
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63       -left inches
64              Specifies the left margin in inches.  Fractions are allowed.  By
65              default the window is centered in the page.
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67       -top inches
68              Specifies  the  top margin for the picture in inches.  Fractions
69              are allowed.
70
71       -header string
72              Specifies a header string to be printed above the window.
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74       -trailer string
75              Specifies a trailer string to be printed below the window.
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77       -landscape
78              Forces the window to printed in landscape mode.   By  default  a
79              window  is  printed  such that its longest side follows the long
80              side of the paper.
81
82       -plane number
83              Specifies which bit plane to use in an image.  The default is to
84              use  the  entire image and map values into black and white based
85              on color intensities.
86
87       -gray  2 | 3 | 4
88              Uses a simple 2x2, 3x3, or 4x4 gray scale conversion on a  color
89              image,  rather  than  mapping to strictly black and white.  This
90              doubles, triples, or quadruples the effective width  and  height
91              of the image.
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93       -portrait
94              Forces  the window to be printed in portrait mode.  By default a
95              window is printed such that its longest side  follows  the  long
96              side of the paper.
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98       -rv    Forces the window to be printed in reverse video.
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100       -compact
101              Uses  simple  run-length  encoding for compact representation of
102              windows with lots of white pixels.
103
104       -output filename
105              Specifies an output file name.  If this option is not specified,
106              standard output is used.
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108       -append filename
109              Specifies  a  filename  previously  produced by xpr to which the
110              window is to be appended.
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112       -noff  When specified in conjunction  with  -append,  the  window  will
113              appear on the same page as the previous window.
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115       -split n
116              This  option  allows  the  user  to  split a window onto several
117              pages.  This might be necessary  for  very  large  windows  that
118              would otherwise cause the printer to overload and print the page
119              in an obscure manner.
120
121       -psfig Suppress translation of the PostScript picture to the center  of
122              the page.
123
124       -density dpi
125              Indicates  what  dot-per-inch  density  should be used by the HP
126              printer.
127
128       -cutoff level
129              Changes the intensity level where colors are  mapped  to  either
130              black or white for monochrome output on a LaserJet printer.  The
131              level is expressed as percentage of full brightness.   Fractions
132              are allowed.
133
134       -noposition
135              This  option  causes header, trailer, and image positioning com‐
136              mand generation to be bypassed for LaserJet, PaintJet and Paint‐
137              Jet XL printers.
138
139       -gamma correction
140              This  changes the intensity of the colors printed by PaintJet XL
141              printer. The correction is a floating point value in  the  range
142              0.00  to  3.00.   Consult the operator's manual to determine the
143              correct value for the specific printer.
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145       -render algorithm
146              This allows PaintJet XL printer to render  the  image  with  the
147              best  quality  versus  performance tradeoff.  Consult the opera‐
148              tor's manual to determine which algorithms are available.
149
150       -slide This option allows overhead transparencies to be  printed  using
151              the PaintJet and PaintJet XL printers.
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153       -version
154              This option prints the program version information and exits.
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156

SEE ALSO

158       xwd(1), xwud(1), X(7)
159

LIMITATIONS

161       The  current  version of xpr can generally print out on the LN03 most X
162       windows that are not larger than two-thirds of the screen.   For  exam‐
163       ple,  it  will  be  able to print out a large Emacs window, but it will
164       usually fail when trying to print out the entire screen.  The LN03  has
165       memory limitations that can cause it to incorrectly print very large or
166       complex windows.  The two most common errors encountered are ``band too
167       complex''  and  ``page  memory exceeded.''  In the first case, a window
168       may have a particular six pixel row  that  contains  too  many  changes
169       (from  black  to  white to black).  This will cause the printer to drop
170       part of the line and possibly parts of  the  rest  of  the  page.   The
171       printer  will flash the number `1' on its front panel when this problem
172       occurs.  A possible solution to this problem is to increase  the  scale
173       of  the  picture,  or to split the picture onto two or more pages.  The
174       second problem, ``page memory exceeded,'' will  occur  if  the  picture
175       contains  too much black, or if the picture contains complex half-tones
176       such as the background color of a display.  When  this  problem  occurs
177       the  printer  will  automatically  split  the  picture into two or more
178       pages.  It may flash the number `5' on its from  panel.   There  is  no
179       easy solution to this problem.  It will probably be necessary to either
180       cut and paste, or to rework the application to produce a  less  complex
181       picture.
182
183       There  are  several  limitations on the LA100 support: the picture will
184       always be printed in portrait mode, there is no scaling, and the aspect
185       ratio will be slightly off.
186
187       Support  for  PostScript  output  currently  cannot handle the -append,
188       -noff or -split options.
189
190       The -compact option is only supported for PostScript output.   It  com‐
191       presses  white  space  but  not  black  space,  so it is not useful for
192       reverse-video windows.
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194       For color images, should map directly to PostScript image support.
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196

HP PRINTERS

198       If no -density is specified on the command line 300 dots per inch  will
199       be  assumed  for ljet and 90 dots per inch for pjet.  Allowable density
200       values for a LaserJet printer are 300, 150, 100, and 75 dots per  inch.
201       Consult the operator's manual to determine densities supported by other
202       printers.
203
204       If no -scale is specified the image will be expanded to fit the  print‐
205       able page area.
206
207       The default printable page area is 8x10.5 inches. Other paper sizes can
208       be accommodated using the -height and -width options.
209
210       Note that a 1024x768 image fits the default printable  area  when  pro‐
211       cessed  at  100  dpi  with  scale=1, the same image can also be printed
212       using 300 dpi with scale=3 but will require considerably more  data  be
213       transferred to the printer.
214
215       xpr may be tailored for use with monochrome PCL printers other than the
216       LaserJet.  To print on a ThinkJet (HP2225A) xpr could be invoked as:
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218           xpr -density 96 -width 6.667 filename
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220       or for black-and-white output to a PaintJet:
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222           xpr -density 180 filename
223
224       The monochrome intensity of a pixel is computed as 0.30*R  +  0.59*G  +
225       0.11*B.  If a pixel's computed intensity is less than the -cutoff level
226       it will print as white.  This  maps  light-on-dark  display  images  to
227       black-on-white  hardcopy.   The default cutoff intensity is 50% of full
228       brightness.  Example: specifying -cutoff  87.5  moves  the  white/black
229       intensity point to 87.5% of full brightness.
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231       A  LaserJet printer must be configured with sufficient memory to handle
232       the image.  For a full page at 300 dots per inch approximately  2MB  of
233       printer memory is required.
234
235       Color  images  are  produced  on the PaintJet at 90 dots per inch.  The
236       PaintJet is limited to sixteen colors from its  330  color  palette  on
237       each  horizontal  print line.  xpr will issue a warning message if more
238       than sixteen colors are encountered on a line.  xpr  will  program  the
239       PaintJet  for the first sixteen colors encountered on each line and use
240       the nearest matching programmed value for other colors present  on  the
241       line.
242
243       Specifying  the  -rv, reverse video, option for the PaintJet will cause
244       black and white to be interchanged on the output image.  No other  col‐
245       ors are changed.
246
247       Multiplane  images  must  be recorded by xwd in ZPixmap format.  Single
248       plane (monochrome) images may be in either XYPixmap or ZPixmap format.
249
250       Some PCL printers do not recognize image positioning commands.   Output
251       for  these  printers  will  not  be centered on the page and header and
252       trailer strings may not appear where expected.
253
254       The -gamma and -render options are supported only on  the  PaintJet  XL
255       printers.
256
257       The -slide option is not supported for LaserJet printers.
258
259       The -split option is not supported for HP printers.
260
261       The -gray option is not supported for HP or IBM printers.
262       Copyright 1986, Marvin Solomon and the University of Wisconsin.
263       Copyright 1988, Hewlett Packard Company.
264       See X(7) for a full statement of rights and permissions.
265

AUTHORS

267       Michael  R.  Gretzinger,  MIT  Project  Athena,  Jose Capo, MIT Project
268       Athena (PP3812 support), Marvin Solomon, University of  Wisconsin,  Bob
269       Scheifler,  MIT, Angela Bock and E. Mike Durbin, Rich Inc. (grayscale),
270       Larry Rupp, HP (HP printer support).
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274X Version 11                       Release 6                            XPR(1)
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