1MYISAMCHK(1) MySQL Database System MYISAMCHK(1)
2
6 myisamchk - MyISAM table-maintenance utility
7
9 myisamchk [options] tbl_name ...
10
12 The myisamchk utility gets information about your database tables or
13 checks, repairs, or optimizes them. myisamchk works with MyISAM tables
14 (tables that have .MYD and .MYI files for storing data and indexes).
15 You can also use the CHECK TABLE and REPAIR TABLE statements to check
17 and repair MyISAM tables. See Section 13.7.3.2, “CHECK TABLE
18 Statement”, and Section 13.7.3.5, “REPAIR TABLE Statement”.
19 The use of myisamchk with partitioned tables is not supported.
21 Caution
23 It is best to make a backup of a table before performing a table
24 repair operation; under some circumstances the operation might
25 cause data loss. Possible causes include but are not limited to
26 file system errors.
27 Invoke myisamchk like this:
29 myisamchk [options] tbl_name ...
31 The options specify what you want myisamchk to do. They are described
33 in the following sections. You can also get a list of options by
34 invoking myisamchk --help.
35 With no options, myisamchk simply checks your table as the default
37 operation. To get more information or to tell myisamchk to take
38 corrective action, specify options as described in the following
39 discussion.
40 tbl_name is the database table you want to check or repair. If you run
42 myisamchk somewhere other than in the database directory, you must
43 specify the path to the database directory, because myisamchk has no
44 idea where the database is located. In fact, myisamchk does not
45 actually care whether the files you are working on are located in a
46 database directory. You can copy the files that correspond to a
47 database table into some other location and perform recovery operations
48 on them there.
49 You can name several tables on the myisamchk command line if you wish.
51 You can also specify a table by naming its index file (the file with
52 the .MYI suffix). This enables you to specify all tables in a directory
53 by using the pattern *.MYI. For example, if you are in a database
54 directory, you can check all the MyISAM tables in that directory like
55 this:
56 myisamchk *.MYI
58 If you are not in the database directory, you can check all the tables
60 there by specifying the path to the directory:
61 myisamchk /path/to/database_dir/*.MYI
63 You can even check all tables in all databases by specifying a wildcard
65 with the path to the MySQL data directory:
66 myisamchk /path/to/datadir/*/*.MYI
68 The recommended way to quickly check all MyISAM tables is:
70 myisamchk --silent --fast /path/to/datadir/*/*.MYI
72 If you want to check all MyISAM tables and repair any that are
74 corrupted, you can use the following command:
75 myisamchk --silent --force --fast --update-state \
77 --key_buffer_size=64M --myisam_sort_buffer_size=64M \
78 --read_buffer_size=1M --write_buffer_size=1M \
79 /path/to/datadir/*/*.MYI
80 This command assumes that you have more than 64MB free. For more
82 information about memory allocation with myisamchk, see the section
83 called “MYISAMCHK MEMORY USAGE”.
84 For additional information about using myisamchk, see Section 7.6,
86 “MyISAM Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery”.
87 Important
89 You must ensure that no other program is using the tables while you
90 are running myisamchk. The most effective means of doing so is to
91 shut down the MySQL server while running myisamchk, or to lock all
92 tables that myisamchk is being used on.
93 Otherwise, when you run myisamchk, it may display the following
95 error message:
96 warning: clients are using or haven't closed the table properly
98 This means that you are trying to check a table that has been
100 updated by another program (such as the mysqld server) that hasn't
101 yet closed the file or that has died without closing the file
102 properly, which can sometimes lead to the corruption of one or more
103 MyISAM tables.
104 If mysqld is running, you must force it to flush any table
106 modifications that are still buffered in memory by using FLUSH
107 TABLES. You should then ensure that no one is using the tables
108 while you are running myisamchk
109 However, the easiest way to avoid this problem is to use CHECK
111 TABLE instead of myisamchk to check tables. See Section 13.7.3.2,
112 “CHECK TABLE Statement”.
113 myisamchk supports the following options, which can be specified on the
115 command line or in the [myisamchk] group of an option file. For
116 information about option files used by MySQL programs, see
117 Section 4.2.2.2, “Using Option Files”.
118
120 The options described in this section can be used for any type of table
121 maintenance operation performed by myisamchk. The sections following
122 this one describe options that pertain only to specific operations,
123 such as table checking or repairing.
124 • --help, -? Display a help message and exit. Options are grouped by
126 type of operation.
127 • --HELP, -H Display a help message and exit. Options are presented
129 in a single list.
130 • --debug=debug_options, -# debug_options Write a debugging log. A
132 typical debug_options string is d:t:o,file_name. The default is
133 d:t:o,/tmp/myisamchk.trace.
134 This option is available only if MySQL was built using WITH_DEBUG.
136 MySQL release binaries provided by Oracle are not built using this
137 option.
138 • --defaults-extra-file=file_name Read this option file after the
140 global option file but (on Unix) before the user option file. If
141 the file does not exist or is otherwise inaccessible, an error
142 occurs. If file_name is not an absolute path name, it is
143 interpreted relative to the current directory.
144 For additional information about this and other option-file
146 options, see Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect
147 Option-File Handling”.
148 • --defaults-file=file_name Use only the given option file. If the
150 file does not exist or is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs.
151 If file_name is not an absolute path name, it is interpreted
152 relative to the current directory.
153 For additional information about this and other option-file
155 options, see Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect
156 Option-File Handling”.
157 • --defaults-group-suffix=str Read not only the usual option groups,
159 but also groups with the usual names and a suffix of str. For
160 example, myisamchk normally reads the [myisamchk] group. If this
161 option is given as --defaults-group-suffix=_other, myisamchk also
162 reads the [myisamchk_other] group.
163 For additional information about this and other option-file
165 options, see Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect
166 Option-File Handling”.
167 • --no-defaults Do not read any option files. If program startup
169 fails due to reading unknown options from an option file,
170 --no-defaults can be used to prevent them from being read.
171 The exception is that the .mylogin.cnf file is read in all cases,
173 if it exists. This permits passwords to be specified in a safer way
174 than on the command line even when --no-defaults is used. To create
175 .mylogin.cnf, use the mysql_config_editor utility. See
176 mysql_config_editor(1).
177 For additional information about this and other option-file
179 options, see Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect
180 Option-File Handling”.
181 • --print-defaults Print the program name and all options that it
183 gets from option files.
184 For additional information about this and other option-file
186 options, see Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect
187 Option-File Handling”.
188 • --silent, -s Silent mode. Write output only when errors occur. You
190 can use -s twice (-ss) to make myisamchk very silent.
191 • --verbose, -v Verbose mode. Print more information about what the
193 program does. This can be used with -d and -e. Use -v multiple
194 times (-vv, -vvv) for even more output.
195 • --version, -V Display version information and exit.
197 • --wait, -w Instead of terminating with an error if the table is
199 locked, wait until the table is unlocked before continuing. If you
200 are running mysqld with external locking disabled, the table can be
201 locked only by another myisamchk command.
202 You can also set the following variables by using --var_name=value
204 syntax:
205 ┌───────────────────────┬───────────────────┐
207 │Variable │ Default Value │
208 ├───────────────────────┼───────────────────┤
209 │decode_bits │ 9 │
210 ├───────────────────────┼───────────────────┤
211 │ft_max_word_len │ version-dependent │
212 ├───────────────────────┼───────────────────┤
213 │ft_min_word_len │ 4 │
214 ├───────────────────────┼───────────────────┤
215 │ft_stopword_file │ built-in list │
216 ├───────────────────────┼───────────────────┤
217 │key_buffer_size │ 523264 │
218 ├───────────────────────┼───────────────────┤
219 │myisam_block_size │ 1024 │
220 ├───────────────────────┼───────────────────┤
221 │myisam_sort_key_blocks │ 16 │
222 ├───────────────────────┼───────────────────┤
223 │read_buffer_size │ 262136 │
224 ├───────────────────────┼───────────────────┤
225 │sort_buffer_size │ 2097144 │
226 ├───────────────────────┼───────────────────┤
227 │sort_key_blocks │ 16 │
228 ├───────────────────────┼───────────────────┤
229 │stats_method │ nulls_unequal │
230 ├───────────────────────┼───────────────────┤
231 │write_buffer_size │ 262136 │
232 └───────────────────────┴───────────────────┘
233 The possible myisamchk variables and their default values can be
235 examined with myisamchk --help:
236 myisam_sort_buffer_size is used when the keys are repaired by sorting
238 keys, which is the normal case when you use --recover.
239 sort_buffer_size is a deprecated synonym for myisam_sort_buffer_size.
240 key_buffer_size is used when you are checking the table with
242 --extend-check or when the keys are repaired by inserting keys row by
243 row into the table (like when doing normal inserts). Repairing through
244 the key buffer is used in the following cases:
245 • You use --safe-recover.
247 • The temporary files needed to sort the keys would be more than
249 twice as big as when creating the key file directly. This is often
250 the case when you have large key values for CHAR, VARCHAR, or TEXT
251 columns, because the sort operation needs to store the complete key
252 values as it proceeds. If you have lots of temporary space and you
253 can force myisamchk to repair by sorting, you can use the
254 --sort-recover option.
255 Repairing through the key buffer takes much less disk space than using
257 sorting, but is also much slower.
258 If you want a faster repair, set the key_buffer_size and
260 myisam_sort_buffer_size variables to about 25% of your available
261 memory. You can set both variables to large values, because only one of
262 them is used at a time.
263 myisam_block_size is the size used for index blocks.
265 stats_method influences how NULL values are treated for index
267 statistics collection when the --analyze option is given. It acts like
268 the myisam_stats_method system variable. For more information, see the
269 description of myisam_stats_method in Section 5.1.8, “Server System
270 Variables”, and Section 8.3.8, “InnoDB and MyISAM Index Statistics
271 Collection”.
272 ft_min_word_len and ft_max_word_len indicate the minimum and maximum
274 word length for FULLTEXT indexes on MyISAM tables. ft_stopword_file
275 names the stopword file. These need to be set under the following
276 circumstances.
277 If you use myisamchk to perform an operation that modifies table
279 indexes (such as repair or analyze), the FULLTEXT indexes are rebuilt
280 using the default full-text parameter values for minimum and maximum
281 word length and the stopword file unless you specify otherwise. This
282 can result in queries failing.
283 The problem occurs because these parameters are known only by the
285 server. They are not stored in MyISAM index files. To avoid the problem
286 if you have modified the minimum or maximum word length or the stopword
287 file in the server, specify the same ft_min_word_len, ft_max_word_len,
288 and ft_stopword_file values to myisamchk that you use for mysqld. For
289 example, if you have set the minimum word length to 3, you can repair a
290 table with myisamchk like this:
291 myisamchk --recover --ft_min_word_len=3 tbl_name.MYI
293 To ensure that myisamchk and the server use the same values for
295 full-text parameters, you can place each one in both the [mysqld] and
296 [myisamchk] sections of an option file:
297 [mysqld]
299 ft_min_word_len=3
300 [myisamchk]
301 ft_min_word_len=3
302 An alternative to using myisamchk is to use the REPAIR TABLE, ANALYZE
304 TABLE, OPTIMIZE TABLE, or ALTER TABLE. These statements are performed
305 by the server, which knows the proper full-text parameter values to
306 use.
307
309 myisamchk supports the following options for table checking operations:
310 • --check, -c Check the table for errors. This is the default
312 operation if you specify no option that selects an operation type
313 explicitly.
314 • --check-only-changed, -C Check only tables that have changed since
316 the last check.
317 • --extend-check, -e Check the table very thoroughly. This is quite
319 slow if the table has many indexes. This option should only be used
320 in extreme cases. Normally, myisamchk or myisamchk --medium-check
321 should be able to determine whether there are any errors in the
322 table.
323 If you are using --extend-check and have plenty of memory, setting
325 the key_buffer_size variable to a large value helps the repair
326 operation run faster.
327 See also the description of this option under table repair options.
329 For a description of the output format, see the section called
331 “OBTAINING TABLE INFORMATION WITH MYISAMCHK”.
332 • --fast, -F Check only tables that haven't been closed properly.
334 • --force, -f Do a repair operation automatically if myisamchk finds
336 any errors in the table. The repair type is the same as that
337 specified with the --recover or -r option.
338 • --information, -i Print informational statistics about the table
340 that is checked.
341 • --medium-check, -m Do a check that is faster than an --extend-check
343 operation. This finds only 99.99% of all errors, which should be
344 good enough in most cases.
345 • --read-only, -T Do not mark the table as checked. This is useful if
347 you use myisamchk to check a table that is in use by some other
348 application that does not use locking, such as mysqld when run with
349 external locking disabled.
350 • --update-state, -U Store information in the .MYI file to indicate
352 when the table was checked and whether the table crashed. This
353 should be used to get full benefit of the --check-only-changed
354 option, but you shouldn't use this option if the mysqld server is
355 using the table and you are running it with external locking
356 disabled.
357
359 myisamchk supports the following options for table repair operations
360 (operations performed when an option such as --recover or
361 --safe-recover is given):
362 • --backup, -B Make a backup of the .MYD file as file_name-time.BAK
364 • --character-sets-dir=dir_name The directory where character sets
366 are installed. See Section 10.15, “Character Set Configuration”.
367 • --correct-checksum Correct the checksum information for the table.
369 • --data-file-length=len, -D len The maximum length of the data file
371 (when re-creating data file when it is “full”).
372 • --extend-check, -e
374 Do a repair that tries to recover every possible row from the data
376 file. Normally, this also finds a lot of garbage rows. Do not use
377 this option unless you are desperate.
378 See also the description of this option under table checking
380 options.
381 For a description of the output format, see the section called
383 “OBTAINING TABLE INFORMATION WITH MYISAMCHK”.
384 • --force, -f
386 Overwrite old intermediate files (files with names like
388 tbl_name.TMD) instead of aborting.
389 • --keys-used=val, -k val For myisamchk, the option value is a bit
391 value that indicates which indexes to update. Each binary bit of
392 the option value corresponds to a table index, where the first
393 index is bit 0. An option value of 0 disables updates to all
394 indexes, which can be used to get faster inserts. Deactivated
395 indexes can be reactivated by using myisamchk -r.
396 • --no-symlinks, -l Do not follow symbolic links. Normally myisamchk
398 repairs the table that a symlink points to. This option does not
399 exist as of MySQL 4.0 because versions from 4.0 on do not remove
400 symlinks during repair operations.
401 • --max-record-length=len Skip rows larger than the given length if
403 myisamchk cannot allocate memory to hold them.
404 • --parallel-recover, -p Use the same technique as -r and -n, but
406 create all the keys in parallel, using different threads. This is
407 beta-quality code. Use at your own risk!
408 • --quick, -q Achieve a faster repair by modifying only the index
410 file, not the data file. You can specify this option twice to force
411 myisamchk to modify the original data file in case of duplicate
412 keys.
413 • --recover, -r Do a repair that can fix almost any problem except
415 unique keys that are not unique (which is an extremely unlikely
416 error with MyISAM tables). If you want to recover a table, this is
417 the option to try first. You should try --safe-recover only if
418 myisamchk reports that the table cannot be recovered using
419 --recover. (In the unlikely case that --recover fails, the data
420 file remains intact.)
421 If you have lots of memory, you should increase the value of
423 myisam_sort_buffer_size.
424 • --safe-recover, -o Do a repair using an old recovery method that
426 reads through all rows in order and updates all index trees based
427 on the rows found. This is an order of magnitude slower than
428 --recover, but can handle a couple of very unlikely cases that
429 --recover cannot. This recovery method also uses much less disk
430 space than --recover. Normally, you should repair first using
431 --recover, and then with --safe-recover only if --recover fails.
432 If you have lots of memory, you should increase the value of
434 key_buffer_size.
435 • --set-collation=name Specify the collation to use for sorting table
437 indexes. The character set name is implied by the first part of the
438 collation name.
439 • --sort-recover, -n Force myisamchk to use sorting to resolve the
441 keys even if the temporary files would be very large.
442 • --tmpdir=dir_name, -t dir_name The path of the directory to be used
444 for storing temporary files. If this is not set, myisamchk uses the
445 value of the TMPDIR environment variable. --tmpdir can be set to a
446 list of directory paths that are used successively in round-robin
447 fashion for creating temporary files. The separator character
448 between directory names is the colon (:) on Unix and the semicolon
449 (;) on Windows.
450 • --unpack, -u Unpack a table that was packed with myisampack.
452
454 myisamchk supports the following options for actions other than table
455 checks and repairs:
456 • --analyze, -a Analyze the distribution of key values. This improves
458 join performance by enabling the join optimizer to better choose
459 the order in which to join the tables and which indexes it should
460 use. To obtain information about the key distribution, use a
461 myisamchk --description --verbose tbl_name command or the SHOW
462 INDEX FROM tbl_name statement.
463 • --block-search=offset, -b offset Find the record that a block at
465 the given offset belongs to.
466 • --description, -d Print some descriptive information about the
468 table. Specifying the --verbose option once or twice produces
469 additional information. See the section called “OBTAINING TABLE
470 INFORMATION WITH MYISAMCHK”.
471 • --set-auto-increment[=value], -A[value] Force AUTO_INCREMENT
473 numbering for new records to start at the given value (or higher,
474 if there are existing records with AUTO_INCREMENT values this
475 large). If value is not specified, AUTO_INCREMENT numbers for new
476 records begin with the largest value currently in the table, plus
477 one.
478 • --sort-index, -S Sort the index tree blocks in high-low order. This
480 optimizes seeks and makes table scans that use indexes faster.
481 • --sort-records=N, -R N Sort records according to a particular
483 index. This makes your data much more localized and may speed up
484 range-based SELECT and ORDER BY operations that use this index.
485 (The first time you use this option to sort a table, it may be very
486 slow.) To determine a table's index numbers, use SHOW INDEX, which
487 displays a table's indexes in the same order that myisamchk sees
488 them. Indexes are numbered beginning with 1.
489 If keys are not packed (PACK_KEYS=0), they have the same length, so
491 when myisamchk sorts and moves records, it just overwrites record
492 offsets in the index. If keys are packed (PACK_KEYS=1), myisamchk
493 must unpack key blocks first, then re-create indexes and pack the
494 key blocks again. (In this case, re-creating indexes is faster than
495 updating offsets for each index.)
496
498 To obtain a description of a MyISAM table or statistics about it, use
499 the commands shown here. The output from these commands is explained
500 later in this section.
501 • myisamchk -d tbl_name
503 Runs myisamchk in “describe mode” to produce a description of your
505 table. If you start the MySQL server with external locking
506 disabled, myisamchk may report an error for a table that is updated
507 while it runs. However, because myisamchk does not change the table
508 in describe mode, there is no risk of destroying data.
509 • myisamchk -dv tbl_name
511 Adding -v runs myisamchk in verbose mode so that it produces more
513 information about the table. Adding -v a second time produces even
514 more information.
515 • myisamchk -eis tbl_name
517 Shows only the most important information from a table. This
519 operation is slow because it must read the entire table.
520 • myisamchk -eiv tbl_name
522 This is like -eis, but tells you what is being done.
524 The tbl_name argument can be either the name of a MyISAM table or the
526 name of its index file, as described in myisamchk(1). Multiple tbl_name
527 arguments can be given.
528 Suppose that a table named person has the following structure. (The
530 MAX_ROWS table option is included so that in the example output from
531 myisamchk shown later, some values are smaller and fit the output
532 format more easily.)
533 CREATE TABLE person
535 (
536 id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
537 last_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
538 first_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
539 birth DATE,
540 death DATE,
541 PRIMARY KEY (id),
542 INDEX (last_name, first_name),
543 INDEX (birth)
544 ) MAX_ROWS = 1000000 ENGINE=MYISAM;
545 Suppose also that the table has these data and index file sizes:
547 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 9347072 Aug 19 11:47 person.MYD
549 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 6066176 Aug 19 11:47 person.MYI
550 Example of myisamchk -dvv output:
552 MyISAM file: person
554 Record format: Packed
555 Character set: utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci (255)
556 File-version: 1
557 Creation time: 2017-03-30 21:21:30
558 Status: checked,analyzed,optimized keys,sorted index pages
559 Auto increment key: 1 Last value: 306688
560 Data records: 306688 Deleted blocks: 0
561 Datafile parts: 306688 Deleted data: 0
562 Datafile pointer (bytes): 4 Keyfile pointer (bytes): 3
563 Datafile length: 9347072 Keyfile length: 6066176
564 Max datafile length: 4294967294 Max keyfile length: 17179868159
565 Recordlength: 54
566 table description:
567 Key Start Len Index Type Rec/key Root Blocksize
568 1 2 4 unique long 1 1024
569 2 6 80 multip. varchar prefix 0 1024
570 87 80 varchar 0
571 3 168 3 multip. uint24 NULL 0 1024
572 Field Start Length Nullpos Nullbit Type
573 1 1 1
574 2 2 4 no zeros
575 3 6 81 varchar
576 4 87 81 varchar
577 5 168 3 1 1 no zeros
578 6 171 3 1 2 no zeros
579 Explanations for the types of information myisamchk produces are given
581 here. “Keyfile” refers to the index file. “Record” and “row” are
582 synonymous, as are “field” and “column.”
583 The initial part of the table description contains these values:
585 • MyISAM file
587 Name of the MyISAM (index) file.
589 • Record format
591 The format used to store table rows. The preceding examples use
593 Fixed length. Other possible values are Compressed and Packed.
594 (Packed corresponds to what SHOW TABLE STATUS reports as Dynamic.)
595 • Chararacter set
597 The table default character set.
599 • File-version
601 Version of MyISAM format. Always 1.
603 • Creation time
605 When the data file was created.
607 • Recover time
609 When the index/data file was last reconstructed.
611 • Status
613 Table status flags. Possible values are crashed, open, changed,
615 analyzed, optimized keys, and sorted index pages.
616 • Auto increment key, Last value
618 The key number associated the table's AUTO_INCREMENT column, and
620 the most recently generated value for this column. These fields do
621 not appear if there is no such column.
622 • Data records
624 The number of rows in the table.
626 • Deleted blocks
628 How many deleted blocks still have reserved space. You can optimize
630 your table to minimize this space. See Section 7.6.4, “MyISAM Table
631 Optimization”.
632 • Datafile parts
634 For dynamic-row format, this indicates how many data blocks there
636 are. For an optimized table without fragmented rows, this is the
637 same as Data records.
638 • Deleted data
640 How many bytes of unreclaimed deleted data there are. You can
642 optimize your table to minimize this space. See Section 7.6.4,
643 “MyISAM Table Optimization”.
644 • Datafile pointer
646 The size of the data file pointer, in bytes. It is usually 2, 3, 4,
648 or 5 bytes. Most tables manage with 2 bytes, but this cannot be
649 controlled from MySQL yet. For fixed tables, this is a row address.
650 For dynamic tables, this is a byte address.
651 • Keyfile pointer
653 The size of the index file pointer, in bytes. It is usually 1, 2,
655 or 3 bytes. Most tables manage with 2 bytes, but this is calculated
656 automatically by MySQL. It is always a block address.
657 • Max datafile length
659 How long the table data file can become, in bytes.
661 • Max keyfile length
663 How long the table index file can become, in bytes.
665 • Recordlength
667 How much space each row takes, in bytes.
669 The table description part of the output includes a list of all keys in
671 the table. For each key, myisamchk displays some low-level information:
672 • Key
674 This key's number. This value is shown only for the first column of
676 the key. If this value is missing, the line corresponds to the
677 second or later column of a multiple-column key. For the table
678 shown in the example, there are two table description lines for the
679 second index. This indicates that it is a multiple-part index with
680 two parts.
681 • Start
683 Where in the row this portion of the index starts.
685 • Len
687 How long this portion of the index is. For packed numbers, this
689 should always be the full length of the column. For strings, it may
690 be shorter than the full length of the indexed column, because you
691 can index a prefix of a string column. The total length of a
692 multiple-part key is the sum of the Len values for all key parts.
693 • Index
695 Whether a key value can exist multiple times in the index. Possible
697 values are unique or multip. (multiple).
698 • Type
700 What data type this portion of the index has. This is a MyISAM data
702 type with the possible values packed, stripped, or empty.
703 • Root
705 Address of the root index block.
707 • Blocksize
709 The size of each index block. By default this is 1024, but the
711 value may be changed at compile time when MySQL is built from
712 source.
713 • Rec/key
715 This is a statistical value used by the optimizer. It tells how
717 many rows there are per value for this index. A unique index always
718 has a value of 1. This may be updated after a table is loaded (or
719 greatly changed) with myisamchk -a. If this is not updated at all,
720 a default value of 30 is given.
721 The last part of the output provides information about each column:
723 • Field
725 The column number.
727 • Start
729 The byte position of the column within table rows.
731 • Length
733 The length of the column in bytes.
735 • Nullpos, Nullbit
737 For columns that can be NULL, MyISAM stores NULL values as a flag
739 in a byte. Depending on how many nullable columns there are, there
740 can be one or more bytes used for this purpose. The Nullpos and
741 Nullbit values, if nonempty, indicate which byte and bit contains
742 that flag indicating whether the column is NULL.
743 The position and number of bytes used to store NULL flags is shown
745 in the line for field 1. This is why there are six Field lines for
746 the person table even though it has only five columns.
747 • Type
749 The data type. The value may contain any of the following
751 descriptors:
752 • constant
754 All rows have the same value.
756 • no endspace
758 Do not store endspace.
760 • no endspace, not_always
762 Do not store endspace and do not do endspace compression for
764 all values.
765 • no endspace, no empty
767 Do not store endspace. Do not store empty values.
769 • table-lookup
771 The column was converted to an ENUM.
773 • zerofill(N)
775 The most significant N bytes in the value are always 0 and are
777 not stored.
778 • no zeros
780 Do not store zeros.
782 • always zero
784 Zero values are stored using one bit.
786 • Huff tree
788 The number of the Huffman tree associated with the column.
790 • Bits
792 The number of bits used in the Huffman tree.
794 The Huff tree and Bits fields are displayed if the table has been
796 compressed with myisampack. See myisampack(1), for an example of this
797 information.
798 Example of myisamchk -eiv output:
800 Checking MyISAM file: person
802 Data records: 306688 Deleted blocks: 0
803 - check file-size
804 - check record delete-chain
805 No recordlinks
806 - check key delete-chain
807 block_size 1024:
808 - check index reference
809 - check data record references index: 1
810 Key: 1: Keyblocks used: 98% Packed: 0% Max levels: 3
811 - check data record references index: 2
812 Key: 2: Keyblocks used: 99% Packed: 97% Max levels: 3
813 - check data record references index: 3
814 Key: 3: Keyblocks used: 98% Packed: -14% Max levels: 3
815 Total: Keyblocks used: 98% Packed: 89%
816 - check records and index references
817 *** LOTS OF ROW NUMBERS DELETED ***
818 Records: 306688 M.recordlength: 25 Packed: 83%
819 Recordspace used: 97% Empty space: 2% Blocks/Record: 1.00
820 Record blocks: 306688 Delete blocks: 0
821 Record data: 7934464 Deleted data: 0
822 Lost space: 256512 Linkdata: 1156096
823 User time 43.08, System time 1.68
824 Maximum resident set size 0, Integral resident set size 0
825 Non-physical pagefaults 0, Physical pagefaults 0, Swaps 0
826 Blocks in 0 out 7, Messages in 0 out 0, Signals 0
827 Voluntary context switches 0, Involuntary context switches 0
828 Maximum memory usage: 1046926 bytes (1023k)
829 myisamchk -eiv output includes the following information:
831 • Data records
833 The number of rows in the table.
835 • Deleted blocks
837 How many deleted blocks still have reserved space. You can optimize
839 your table to minimize this space. See Section 7.6.4, “MyISAM Table
840 Optimization”.
841 • Key
843 The key number.
845 • Keyblocks used
847 What percentage of the keyblocks are used. When a table has just
849 been reorganized with myisamchk, the values are very high (very
850 near theoretical maximum).
851 • Packed
853 MySQL tries to pack key values that have a common suffix. This can
855 only be used for indexes on CHAR and VARCHAR columns. For long
856 indexed strings that have similar leftmost parts, this can
857 significantly reduce the space used. In the preceding example, the
858 second key is 40 bytes long and a 97% reduction in space is
859 achieved.
860 • Max levels
862 How deep the B-tree for this key is. Large tables with long key
864 values get high values.
865 • Records
867 How many rows are in the table.
869 • M.recordlength
871 The average row length. This is the exact row length for tables
873 with fixed-length rows, because all rows have the same length.
874 • Packed
876 MySQL strips spaces from the end of strings. The Packed value
878 indicates the percentage of savings achieved by doing this.
879 • Recordspace used
881 What percentage of the data file is used.
883 • Empty space
885 What percentage of the data file is unused.
887 • Blocks/Record
889 Average number of blocks per row (that is, how many links a
891 fragmented row is composed of). This is always 1.0 for fixed-format
892 tables. This value should stay as close to 1.0 as possible. If it
893 gets too large, you can reorganize the table. See Section 7.6.4,
894 “MyISAM Table Optimization”.
895 • Recordblocks
897 How many blocks (links) are used. For fixed-format tables, this is
899 the same as the number of rows.
900 • Deleteblocks
902 How many blocks (links) are deleted.
904 • Recorddata
906 How many bytes in the data file are used.
908 • Deleted data
910 How many bytes in the data file are deleted (unused).
912 • Lost space
914 If a row is updated to a shorter length, some space is lost. This
916 is the sum of all such losses, in bytes.
917 • Linkdata
919 When the dynamic table format is used, row fragments are linked
921 with pointers (4 to 7 bytes each). Linkdata is the sum of the
922 amount of storage used by all such pointers.
923
925 Memory allocation is important when you run myisamchk. myisamchk uses
926 no more memory than its memory-related variables are set to. If you are
927 going to use myisamchk on very large tables, you should first decide
928 how much memory you want it to use. The default is to use only about
929 3MB to perform repairs. By using larger values, you can get myisamchk
930 to operate faster. For example, if you have more than 512MB RAM
931 available, you could use options such as these (in addition to any
932 other options you might specify):
933 myisamchk --myisam_sort_buffer_size=256M \
935 --key_buffer_size=512M \
936 --read_buffer_size=64M \
937 --write_buffer_size=64M ...
938 Using --myisam_sort_buffer_size=16M is probably enough for most cases.
940 Be aware that myisamchk uses temporary files in TMPDIR. If TMPDIR
942 points to a memory file system, out of memory errors can easily occur.
943 If this happens, run myisamchk with the --tmpdir=dir_name option to
944 specify a directory located on a file system that has more space.
945 When performing repair operations, myisamchk also needs a lot of disk
947 space:
948 • Twice the size of the data file (the original file and a copy).
950 This space is not needed if you do a repair with --quick; in this
951 case, only the index file is re-created. This space must be
952 available on the same file system as the original data file, as the
953 copy is created in the same directory as the original.
954 • Space for the new index file that replaces the old one. The old
956 index file is truncated at the start of the repair operation, so
957 you usually ignore this space. This space must be available on the
958 same file system as the original data file.
959 • When using --recover or --sort-recover (but not when using
961 --safe-recover), you need space on disk for sorting. This space is
962 allocated in the temporary directory (specified by TMPDIR or
963 --tmpdir=dir_name). The following formula yields the amount of
964 space required:
965 (largest_key + row_pointer_length) * number_of_rows * 2
967 You can check the length of the keys and the row_pointer_length
969 with myisamchk -dv tbl_name (see the section called “OBTAINING
970 TABLE INFORMATION WITH MYISAMCHK”). The row_pointer_length and
971 number_of_rows values are the Datafile pointer and Data records
972 values in the table description. To determine the largest_key
973 value, check the Key lines in the table description. The Len column
974 indicates the number of bytes for each key part. For a
975 multiple-column index, the key size is the sum of the Len values
976 for all key parts.
977 If you have a problem with disk space during repair, you can try
979 --safe-recover instead of --recover.
980
982 Copyright © 1997, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
983 This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
985 modify it only under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
986 published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
987 This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
989 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
990 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
991 General Public License for more details.
992 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
994 with the program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
995 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA or see
996 http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
997
1000 For more information, please refer to the MySQL Reference Manual, which
1001 may already be installed locally and which is also available online at
1002 http://dev.mysql.com/doc/.
1003
1005 Oracle Corporation (http://dev.mysql.com/).
1006MySQL 8.0 03/07/2021 MYISAMCHK(1)