1virt-sysprep(1)             Virtualization Support             virt-sysprep(1)
2
3
4

NAME

6       virt-sysprep - Reset, unconfigure or customize a virtual machine so
7       clones can be made
8

SYNOPSIS

10        virt-sysprep [--options] -d domname
11
12        virt-sysprep [--options] -a disk.img [-a disk.img ...]
13

WARNING

15       Using "virt-sysprep" on live virtual machines, or concurrently with
16       other disk editing tools, can be dangerous, potentially causing disk
17       corruption.  The virtual machine must be shut down before you use this
18       command, and disk images must not be edited concurrently.
19

DESCRIPTION

21       Virt-sysprep can reset or unconfigure a virtual machine so that clones
22       can be made from it.  Steps in this process include removing SSH host
23       keys, removing persistent network MAC configuration, and removing user
24       accounts.  Virt-sysprep can also customize a virtual machine, for
25       instance by adding SSH keys, users or logos.  Each step can be enabled
26       or disabled as required.
27
28       Virt-sysprep modifies the guest or disk image in place.  The guest must
29       be shut down.  If you want to preserve the existing contents of the
30       guest, you must snapshot, copy or clone the disk first.  See "COPYING
31       AND CLONING" below.
32
33       You do not need to run virt-sysprep as root.  In fact we'd generally
34       recommend that you don't.  The time you might want to run it as root is
35       when you need root in order to access the disk image, but even in this
36       case it would be better to change the permissions on the disk image to
37       be writable as the non-root user running virt-sysprep.
38
39       "Sysprep" stands for "system preparation" tool.  The name comes from
40       the Microsoft program sysprep.exe which is used to unconfigure Windows
41       machines in preparation for cloning them.  Having said that, virt-
42       sysprep does not currently work on Microsoft Windows guests.  We plan
43       to support Windows sysprepping in a future version, and we already have
44       code to do it.
45

OPTIONS

47       --help
48           Display brief help.
49
50       -a file
51       --add file
52           Add file which should be a disk image from a virtual machine.
53
54           The format of the disk image is auto-detected.  To override this
55           and force a particular format use the --format option.
56
57       -a URI
58       --add URI
59           Add a remote disk.  The URI format is compatible with guestfish.
60           See "ADDING REMOTE STORAGE" in guestfish(1).
61
62       --colors
63       --colours
64           Use ANSI colour sequences to colourize messages.  This is the
65           default when the output is a tty.  If the output of the program is
66           redirected to a file, ANSI colour sequences are disabled unless you
67           use this option.
68
69       -c URI
70       --connect URI
71           If using libvirt, connect to the given URI.  If omitted, then we
72           connect to the default libvirt hypervisor.
73
74           If you specify guest block devices directly (-a), then libvirt is
75           not used at all.
76
77       -d guest
78       --domain guest
79           Add all the disks from the named libvirt guest.  Domain UUIDs can
80           be used instead of names.
81
82       -n
83       --dry-run
84           Perform a read-only "dry run" on the guest.  This runs the sysprep
85           operation, but throws away any changes to the disk at the end.
86
87       --enable operations
88           Choose which sysprep operations to perform.  Give a comma-separated
89           list of operations, for example:
90
91            --enable ssh-hostkeys,udev-persistent-net
92
93           would enable ONLY "ssh-hostkeys" and "udev-persistent-net"
94           operations.
95
96           If the --enable option is not given, then we default to trying most
97           sysprep operations (see --list-operations to show which are
98           enabled).
99
100           Regardless of the --enable option, sysprep operations are skipped
101           for some guest types.
102
103           Use --list-operations to list operations supported by a particular
104           version of virt-sysprep.
105
106           See "OPERATIONS" below for a list and an explanation of each
107           operation.
108
109       --operation operations
110       --operations operations
111           Choose which sysprep operations to perform.  Give a comma-separated
112           list of operations, for example:
113
114            --operations ssh-hostkeys,udev-persistent-net
115
116           would enable ONLY "ssh-hostkeys" and "udev-persistent-net"
117           operations.
118
119           --operations allows you to enable and disable any operation,
120           including the default ones (which would be tried when specifying
121           neither --operations nor --enable) and all the available ones;
122           prepending a "-" in front of an operation name removes it from the
123           list of enabled operations, while the meta-names "defaults" and
124           "all" represent respectively the operations enabled by default and
125           all the available ones.  For example:
126
127            --operations firewall-rules,defaults,-tmp-files
128
129           would enable the "firewall-rules" operation (regardless whether it
130           is enabled by default), all the default ones, and disable the
131           "tmp-files" operation.
132
133           --operations can be specified multiple times; the first time the
134           set of enabled operations is empty, while any further --operations
135           affects the operations enabled so far.
136
137           If the --operations option is not given, then we default to trying
138           most sysprep operations (see --list-operations to show which are
139           enabled).
140
141           Regardless of the --operations option, sysprep operations are
142           skipped for some guest types.
143
144           Use --list-operations to list operations supported by a particular
145           version of virt-sysprep.
146
147           See "OPERATIONS" below for a list and an explanation of each
148           operation.
149
150       --echo-keys
151           When prompting for keys and passphrases, virt-sysprep normally
152           turns echoing off so you cannot see what you are typing.  If you
153           are not worried about Tempest attacks and there is no one else in
154           the room you can specify this flag to see what you are typing.
155
156       --format raw|qcow2|..
157       --format auto
158           The default for the -a option is to auto-detect the format of the
159           disk image.  Using this forces the disk format for -a options which
160           follow on the command line.  Using --format auto switches back to
161           auto-detection for subsequent -a options.
162
163           For example:
164
165            virt-sysprep --format raw -a disk.img
166
167           forces raw format (no auto-detection) for disk.img.
168
169            virt-sysprep --format raw -a disk.img --format auto -a another.img
170
171           forces raw format (no auto-detection) for disk.img and reverts to
172           auto-detection for another.img.
173
174           If you have untrusted raw-format guest disk images, you should use
175           this option to specify the disk format.  This avoids a possible
176           security problem with malicious guests (CVE-2010-3851).
177
178       --key SELECTOR
179           Specify a key for LUKS, to automatically open a LUKS device when
180           using the inspection.  "ID" can be either the libguestfs device
181           name, or the UUID of the LUKS device.
182
183           --key "ID":key:KEY_STRING
184               Use the specified "KEY_STRING" as passphrase.
185
186           --key "ID":file:FILENAME
187               Read the passphrase from FILENAME.
188
189       --keys-from-stdin
190           Read key or passphrase parameters from stdin.  The default is to
191           try to read passphrases from the user by opening /dev/tty.
192
193           If there are multiple encrypted devices then you may need to supply
194           multiple keys on stdin, one per line.
195
196       --list-operations
197           List the operations supported by the virt-sysprep program.
198
199           These are listed one per line, with one or more single-space-
200           separated fields, eg:
201
202            $ virt-sysprep --list-operations
203            bash-history * Remove the bash history in the guest
204            cron-spool * Remove user at-jobs and cron-jobs
205            dhcp-client-state * Remove DHCP client leases
206            dhcp-server-state * Remove DHCP server leases
207            [etc]
208
209           The first field is the operation name, which can be supplied to
210           --enable.  The second field is a "*" character if the operation is
211           enabled by default or blank if not.  Subsequent fields on the same
212           line are the description of the operation.
213
214           Before libguestfs 1.17.33 only the first (operation name) field was
215           shown and all operations were enabled by default.
216
217       --mount-options mp:opts[;mp:opts;...]
218           Set the mount options used when libguestfs opens the disk image.
219           Note this has no effect on the guest.  It is used when opening
220           certain guests such as ones using the UFS (BSD) filesystem.
221
222           Use a semicolon-separated list of "mountpoint:options" pairs.  You
223           may need to quote this list to protect it from the shell.
224
225           For example:
226
227            --mount-options "/:noatime"
228
229           will mount the root directory with "notime".  This example:
230
231            --mount-options "/:noatime;/var:rw,nodiratime"
232
233           will do the same, plus mount /var with "rw,nodiratime".
234
235       -q
236       --quiet
237           Don’t print log messages.
238
239           To enable detailed logging of individual file operations, use -x.
240
241       --network
242       --no-network
243           Enable or disable network access from the guest during the
244           installation.
245
246           In virt-sysprep, the network is disabled by default.  You must use
247           --network to enable it, in order that options such as --install or
248           --update will work.
249
250           virt-builder(1) has more information about the security advantages
251           of disabling the network.
252
253       -v
254       --verbose
255           Enable verbose messages for debugging.
256
257       -V
258       --version
259           Display version number and exit.
260
261       -x  Enable tracing of libguestfs API calls.
262
263       --append-line FILE:LINE (see "customize" below)
264           Append a single line of text to the "FILE".  If the file does not
265           already end with a newline, then one is added before the appended
266           line.  Also a newline is added to the end of the "LINE" string
267           automatically.
268
269           For example (assuming ordinary shell quoting) this command:
270
271            --append-line '/etc/hosts:10.0.0.1 foo'
272
273           will add either "10.0.0.1 foo⏎" or "⏎10.0.0.1 foo⏎" to the file,
274           the latter only if the existing file does not already end with a
275           newline.
276
277           "⏎" represents a newline character, which is guessed by looking at
278           the existing content of the file, so this command does the right
279           thing for files using Unix or Windows line endings.  It also works
280           for empty or non-existent files.
281
282           To insert several lines, use the same option several times:
283
284            --append-line '/etc/hosts:10.0.0.1 foo'
285            --append-line '/etc/hosts:10.0.0.2 bar'
286
287           To insert a blank line before the appended line, do:
288
289            --append-line '/etc/hosts:'
290            --append-line '/etc/hosts:10.0.0.1 foo'
291
292       --chmod PERMISSIONS:FILE (see "customize" below)
293           Change the permissions of "FILE" to "PERMISSIONS".
294
295           Note: "PERMISSIONS" by default would be decimal, unless you prefix
296           it with 0 to get octal, ie. use 0700 not 700.
297
298       --commands-from-file FILENAME (see "customize" below)
299           Read the customize commands from a file, one (and its arguments)
300           each line.
301
302           Each line contains a single customization command and its
303           arguments, for example:
304
305            delete /some/file
306            install some-package
307            password some-user:password:its-new-password
308
309           Empty lines are ignored, and lines starting with "#" are comments
310           and are ignored as well.  Furthermore, arguments can be spread
311           across multiple lines, by adding a "\" (continuation character) at
312           the of a line, for example
313
314            edit /some/file:\
315              s/^OPT=.*/OPT=ok/
316
317           The commands are handled in the same order as they are in the file,
318           as if they were specified as --delete /some/file on the command
319           line.
320
321       --copy SOURCE:DEST (see "customize" below)
322           Copy files or directories recursively inside the guest.
323
324           Wildcards cannot be used.
325
326       --copy-in LOCALPATH:REMOTEDIR (see "customize" below)
327           Copy local files or directories recursively into the disk image,
328           placing them in the directory "REMOTEDIR" (which must exist).
329
330           Wildcards cannot be used.
331
332       --delete PATH (see "customize" below)
333           Delete a file from the guest.  Or delete a directory (and all its
334           contents, recursively).
335
336           You can use shell glob characters in the specified path.  Be
337           careful to escape glob characters from the host shell, if that is
338           required.  For example:
339
340            virt-customize --delete '/var/log/*.log'.
341
342           See also: --upload, --scrub.
343
344       --edit FILE:EXPR (see "customize" below)
345           Edit "FILE" using the Perl expression "EXPR".
346
347           Be careful to properly quote the expression to prevent it from
348           being altered by the shell.
349
350           Note that this option is only available when Perl 5 is installed.
351
352           See "NON-INTERACTIVE EDITING" in virt-edit(1).
353
354       --firstboot SCRIPT (see "customize" below)
355           Install "SCRIPT" inside the guest, so that when the guest first
356           boots up, the script runs (as root, late in the boot process).
357
358           The script is automatically chmod +x after installation in the
359           guest.
360
361           The alternative version --firstboot-command is the same, but it
362           conveniently wraps the command up in a single line script for you.
363
364           You can have multiple --firstboot options.  They run in the same
365           order that they appear on the command line.
366
367           Please take a look at "FIRST BOOT SCRIPTS" in virt-builder(1) for
368           more information and caveats about the first boot scripts.
369
370           See also --run.
371
372       --firstboot-command 'CMD+ARGS' (see "customize" below)
373           Run command (and arguments) inside the guest when the guest first
374           boots up (as root, late in the boot process).
375
376           You can have multiple --firstboot options.  They run in the same
377           order that they appear on the command line.
378
379           Please take a look at "FIRST BOOT SCRIPTS" in virt-builder(1) for
380           more information and caveats about the first boot scripts.
381
382           See also --run.
383
384       --firstboot-install PKG,PKG.. (see "customize" below)
385           Install the named packages (a comma-separated list).  These are
386           installed when the guest first boots using the guest’s package
387           manager (eg. apt, yum, etc.) and the guest’s network connection.
388
389           For an overview on the different ways to install packages, see
390           "INSTALLING PACKAGES" in virt-builder(1).
391
392       --hostname HOSTNAME (see "customize" below)
393           Set the hostname of the guest to "HOSTNAME".  You can use a dotted
394           hostname.domainname (FQDN) if you want.
395
396       --install PKG,PKG.. (see "customize" below)
397           Install the named packages (a comma-separated list).  These are
398           installed during the image build using the guest’s package manager
399           (eg. apt, yum, etc.) and the host’s network connection.
400
401           For an overview on the different ways to install packages, see
402           "INSTALLING PACKAGES" in virt-builder(1).
403
404           See also --update, --uninstall.
405
406       --keep-user-accounts USERS (see "user-account" below)
407           The user accounts to be kept in the guest.  The value of this
408           option is a list of user names separated by comma, where specifying
409           an user means it is going to be kept.  For example:
410
411            --keep-user-accounts mary
412
413           would keep the user account "mary".
414
415           This option can be specified multiple times.
416
417       --link TARGET:LINK[:LINK..] (see "customize" below)
418           Create symbolic link(s) in the guest, starting at "LINK" and
419           pointing at "TARGET".
420
421       --mkdir DIR (see "customize" below)
422           Create a directory in the guest.
423
424           This uses "mkdir -p" so any intermediate directories are created,
425           and it also works if the directory already exists.
426
427       --move SOURCE:DEST (see "customize" below)
428           Move files or directories inside the guest.
429
430           Wildcards cannot be used.
431
432       --no-logfile (see "customize" below)
433           Scrub "builder.log" (log file from build commands) from the image
434           after building is complete.  If you don't want to reveal precisely
435           how the image was built, use this option.
436
437           See also: "LOG FILE".
438
439       --password USER:SELECTOR (see "customize" below)
440           Set the password for "USER".  (Note this option does not create the
441           user account).
442
443           See "USERS AND PASSWORDS" in virt-builder(1) for the format of the
444           "SELECTOR" field, and also how to set up user accounts.
445
446       --password-crypto md5|sha256|sha512 (see "customize" below)
447           When the virt tools change or set a password in the guest, this
448           option sets the password encryption of that password to "md5",
449           "sha256" or "sha512".
450
451           "sha256" and "sha512" require glibc ≥ 2.7 (check crypt(3) inside
452           the guest).
453
454           "md5" will work with relatively old Linux guests (eg. RHEL 3), but
455           is not secure against modern attacks.
456
457           The default is "sha512" unless libguestfs detects an old guest that
458           didn't have support for SHA-512, in which case it will use "md5".
459           You can override libguestfs by specifying this option.
460
461           Note this does not change the default password encryption used by
462           the guest when you create new user accounts inside the guest.  If
463           you want to do that, then you should use the --edit option to
464           modify "/etc/sysconfig/authconfig" (Fedora, RHEL) or
465           "/etc/pam.d/common-password" (Debian, Ubuntu).
466
467       --remove-user-accounts USERS (see "user-account" below)
468           The user accounts to be removed from the guest.  The value of this
469           option is a list of user names separated by comma, where specifying
470           an user means it is going to be removed.  For example:
471
472            --remove-user-accounts bob,eve
473
474           would only remove the user accounts "bob" and "eve".
475
476           This option can be specified multiple times.
477
478       --root-password SELECTOR (see "customize" below)
479           Set the root password.
480
481           See "USERS AND PASSWORDS" in virt-builder(1) for the format of the
482           "SELECTOR" field, and also how to set up user accounts.
483
484           Note: In virt-builder, if you don't set --root-password then the
485           guest is given a random root password.
486
487       --run SCRIPT (see "customize" below)
488           Run the shell script (or any program) called "SCRIPT" on the disk
489           image.  The script runs virtualized inside a small appliance,
490           chrooted into the guest filesystem.
491
492           The script is automatically chmod +x.
493
494           If libguestfs supports it then a limited network connection is
495           available but it only allows outgoing network connections.  You can
496           also attach data disks (eg. ISO files) as another way to provide
497           data (eg. software packages) to the script without needing a
498           network connection (--attach).  You can also upload data files
499           (--upload).
500
501           You can have multiple --run options.  They run in the same order
502           that they appear on the command line.
503
504           See also: --firstboot, --attach, --upload.
505
506       --run-command 'CMD+ARGS' (see "customize" below)
507           Run the command and arguments on the disk image.  The command runs
508           virtualized inside a small appliance, chrooted into the guest
509           filesystem.
510
511           If libguestfs supports it then a limited network connection is
512           available but it only allows outgoing network connections.  You can
513           also attach data disks (eg. ISO files) as another way to provide
514           data (eg. software packages) to the script without needing a
515           network connection (--attach).  You can also upload data files
516           (--upload).
517
518           You can have multiple --run-command options.  They run in the same
519           order that they appear on the command line.
520
521           See also: --firstboot, --attach, --upload.
522
523       --script SCRIPT (see "script" below)
524           Run the named "SCRIPT" (a shell script or program) against the
525           guest.  The script can be any program on the host.  The script’s
526           current directory will be the guest’s root directory.
527
528           Note: If the script is not on the $PATH, then you must give the
529           full absolute path to the script.
530
531       --scriptdir SCRIPTDIR (see "script" below)
532           The mount point (an empty directory on the host) used when the
533           "script" operation is enabled and one or more scripts are specified
534           using --script parameter(s).
535
536           Note: "SCRIPTDIR" must be an absolute path.
537
538           If --scriptdir is not specified then a temporary mountpoint will be
539           created.
540
541       --scrub FILE (see "customize" below)
542           Scrub a file from the guest.  This is like --delete except that:
543
544           •   It scrubs the data so a guest could not recover it.
545
546           •   It cannot delete directories, only regular files.
547
548       --selinux-relabel (see "customize" below)
549           Relabel files in the guest so that they have the correct SELinux
550           label.
551
552           This will attempt to relabel files immediately, but if the
553           operation fails this will instead touch /.autorelabel on the image
554           to schedule a relabel operation for the next time the image boots.
555
556           You should only use this option for guests which support SELinux.
557
558       --sm-attach SELECTOR (see "customize" below)
559           Attach to a pool using "subscription-manager".
560
561           See "SUBSCRIPTION-MANAGER" in virt-builder(1) for the format of the
562           "SELECTOR" field.
563
564       --sm-credentials SELECTOR (see "customize" below)
565           Set the credentials for "subscription-manager".
566
567           See "SUBSCRIPTION-MANAGER" in virt-builder(1) for the format of the
568           "SELECTOR" field.
569
570       --sm-register (see "customize" below)
571           Register the guest using "subscription-manager".
572
573           This requires credentials being set using --sm-credentials.
574
575       --sm-remove (see "customize" below)
576           Remove all the subscriptions from the guest using
577           "subscription-manager".
578
579       --sm-unregister (see "customize" below)
580           Unregister the guest using "subscription-manager".
581
582       --ssh-inject USER[:SELECTOR] (see "customize" below)
583           Inject an ssh key so the given "USER" will be able to log in over
584           ssh without supplying a password.  The "USER" must exist already in
585           the guest.
586
587           See "SSH KEYS" in virt-builder(1) for the format of the "SELECTOR"
588           field.
589
590           You can have multiple --ssh-inject options, for different users and
591           also for more keys for each user.
592
593       --timezone TIMEZONE (see "customize" below)
594           Set the default timezone of the guest to "TIMEZONE".  Use a
595           location string like "Europe/London"
596
597       --touch FILE (see "customize" below)
598           This command performs a touch(1)-like operation on "FILE".
599
600       --truncate FILE (see "customize" below)
601           This command truncates "FILE" to a zero-length file. The file must
602           exist already.
603
604       --truncate-recursive PATH (see "customize" below)
605           This command recursively truncates all files under "PATH" to zero-
606           length.
607
608       --uninstall PKG,PKG.. (see "customize" below)
609           Uninstall the named packages (a comma-separated list).  These are
610           removed during the image build using the guest’s package manager
611           (eg. apt, yum, etc.).  Dependent packages may also need to be
612           uninstalled to satisfy the request.
613
614           See also --install, --update.
615
616       --update (see "customize" below)
617           Do the equivalent of "yum update", "apt-get upgrade", or whatever
618           command is required to update the packages already installed in the
619           template to their latest versions.
620
621           See also --install, --uninstall.
622
623       --upload FILE:DEST (see "customize" below)
624           Upload local file "FILE" to destination "DEST" in the disk image.
625           File owner and permissions from the original are preserved, so you
626           should set them to what you want them to be in the disk image.
627
628           "DEST" could be the final filename.  This can be used to rename the
629           file on upload.
630
631           If "DEST" is a directory name (which must already exist in the
632           guest) then the file is uploaded into that directory, and it keeps
633           the same name as on the local filesystem.
634
635           See also: --mkdir, --delete, --scrub.
636
637       --write FILE:CONTENT (see "customize" below)
638           Write "CONTENT" to "FILE".
639

OPERATIONS

641       If the --enable/--operations option is not given, then most sysprep
642       operations are enabled.
643
644       Use "virt-sysprep --list-operations" to list all operations for your
645       virt-sysprep binary.  The ones which are enabled by default are marked
646       with a "*" character.  Regardless of the --enable/--operations options,
647       sysprep operations are skipped for some guest types.
648
649       Operations can be individually enabled using the --enable/--operations
650       options.  Use a comma-separated list, for example:
651
652        virt-sysprep --operations ssh-hostkeys,udev-persistent-net [etc..]
653
654       Future versions of virt-sysprep may add more operations.  If you are
655       using virt-sysprep and want predictable behaviour, specify only the
656       operations that you want to have enabled.
657
658       "*" = enabled by default when no --enable/--operations option is given.
659
660   abrt-data *
661       Remove the crash data generated by ABRT.
662
663       Remove the automatically generated ABRT crash data in
664       "/var/spool/abrt/".
665
666   backup-files *
667       Remove editor backup files from the guest.
668
669       The following files are removed from anywhere in the guest filesystem:
670
671       ·   *.bak
672
673       ·   *~
674
675       On Linux and Unix operating systems, only the following filesystems
676       will be examined:
677
678       ·   /etc
679
680       ·   /root
681
682       ·   /srv
683
684       ·   /tmp
685
686       ·   /var
687
688   bash-history *
689       Remove the bash history in the guest.
690
691       Remove the bash history of user "root" and any other users who have a
692       ".bash_history" file in their home directory.
693
694       Notes on bash-history
695
696       Currently this only looks in "/root" and "/home/*" for home
697       directories, so users with home directories in other locations won't
698       have the bash history removed.
699
700   blkid-tab *
701       Remove blkid tab in the guest.
702
703   ca-certificates
704       Remove CA certificates in the guest.
705
706       In case any certificate is removed, the system CA store is updated.
707
708   crash-data *
709       Remove the crash data generated by kexec-tools.
710
711       Remove the automatically generated kdump kernel crash data.
712
713   cron-spool *
714       Remove user at-jobs and cron-jobs.
715
716   customize *
717       Customize the guest.
718
719       Customize the guest by providing virt-customize(1) options for
720       installing packages, editing files and so on.
721
722   dhcp-client-state *
723       Remove DHCP client leases.
724
725   dhcp-server-state *
726       Remove DHCP server leases.
727
728   dovecot-data *
729       Remove Dovecot (mail server) data.
730
731   firewall-rules
732       Remove the firewall rules.
733
734       This removes custom firewall rules by removing
735       "/etc/sysconfig/iptables" or custom firewalld configuration in
736       "/etc/firewalld/*/*".
737
738       Note this is not enabled by default since it may expose guests to
739       exploits.  Use with care.
740
741   flag-reconfiguration
742       Flag the system for reconfiguration.
743
744       For Linux guests, this touches "/.unconfigured", which causes the first
745       boot to interactively query the user for settings such as the root
746       password and timezone.
747
748   fs-uuids
749       Change filesystem UUIDs.
750
751       On guests and filesystem types where this is supported, new random
752       UUIDs are generated and assigned to filesystems.
753
754       Notes on fs-uuids
755
756       The fs-uuids operation is disabled by default because it does not yet
757       find and update all the places in the guest that use the UUIDs.  For
758       example "/etc/fstab" or the bootloader.  Enabling this operation is
759       more likely than not to make your guest unbootable.
760
761       See: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=991641
762
763   ipa-client *
764       Remove the IPA files.
765
766       Remove all the files related to an IPA (Identity, Policy, Audit)
767       system.  This effectively unenrolls the guest from an IPA server
768       without interacting with it.
769
770       This operation does not run "ipa-client".
771
772   kerberos-data
773       Remove Kerberos data in the guest.
774
775   kerberos-hostkeytab *
776       Remove the Kerberos host keytab file in the guest.
777
778   logfiles *
779       Remove many log files from the guest.
780
781       On Linux the following files are removed:
782
783       ·   /etc/Pegasus/*.cnf
784
785       ·   /etc/Pegasus/*.crt
786
787       ·   /etc/Pegasus/*.csr
788
789       ·   /etc/Pegasus/*.pem
790
791       ·   /etc/Pegasus/*.srl
792
793       ·   /root/anaconda-ks.cfg
794
795       ·   /root/anaconda-post.log
796
797       ·   /root/initial-setup-ks.cfg
798
799       ·   /root/install.log
800
801       ·   /root/install.log.syslog
802
803       ·   /root/original-ks.cfg
804
805       ·   /var/cache/fontconfig/*
806
807       ·   /var/cache/gdm/*
808
809       ·   /var/cache/man/*
810
811       ·   /var/lib/AccountService/users/*
812
813       ·   /var/lib/fprint/*
814
815       ·   /var/lib/logrotate.status
816
817       ·   /var/log/*.log*
818
819       ·   /var/log/BackupPC/LOG
820
821       ·   /var/log/ConsoleKit/*
822
823       ·   /var/log/anaconda.syslog
824
825       ·   /var/log/anaconda/*
826
827       ·   /var/log/apache2/*_log
828
829       ·   /var/log/apache2/*_log-*
830
831       ·   /var/log/apt/*
832
833       ·   /var/log/aptitude*
834
835       ·   /var/log/audit/*
836
837       ·   /var/log/btmp*
838
839       ·   /var/log/ceph/*.log
840
841       ·   /var/log/chrony/*.log
842
843       ·   /var/log/cron*
844
845       ·   /var/log/cups/*_log*
846
847       ·   /var/log/debug*
848
849       ·   /var/log/dmesg*
850
851       ·   /var/log/exim4/*
852
853       ·   /var/log/faillog*
854
855       ·   /var/log/firewalld*
856
857       ·   /var/log/gdm/*
858
859       ·   /var/log/glusterfs/*glusterd.vol.log
860
861       ·   /var/log/glusterfs/glusterfs.log
862
863       ·   /var/log/grubby*
864
865       ·   /var/log/httpd/*log
866
867       ·   /var/log/installer/*
868
869       ·   /var/log/jetty/jetty-console.log
870
871       ·   /var/log/journal/*
872
873       ·   /var/log/lastlog*
874
875       ·   /var/log/libvirt/libvirtd.log
876
877       ·   /var/log/libvirt/libxl/*.log
878
879       ·   /var/log/libvirt/lxc/*.log
880
881       ·   /var/log/libvirt/qemu/*.log
882
883       ·   /var/log/libvirt/uml/*.log
884
885       ·   /var/log/lightdm/*
886
887       ·   /var/log/mail/*
888
889       ·   /var/log/maillog*
890
891       ·   /var/log/messages*
892
893       ·   /var/log/ntp
894
895       ·   /var/log/ntpstats/*
896
897       ·   /var/log/ppp/connect-errors
898
899       ·   /var/log/rhsm/*
900
901       ·   /var/log/sa/*
902
903       ·   /var/log/secure*
904
905       ·   /var/log/setroubleshoot/*.log
906
907       ·   /var/log/spooler*
908
909       ·   /var/log/squid/*.log
910
911       ·   /var/log/syslog*
912
913       ·   /var/log/tallylog*
914
915       ·   /var/log/tuned/tuned.log
916
917       ·   /var/log/wtmp*
918
919       ·   /var/log/xferlog*
920
921       ·   /var/named/data/named.run
922
923   lvm-uuids *
924       Change LVM2 PV and VG UUIDs.
925
926       On Linux guests that have LVM2 physical volumes (PVs) or volume groups
927       (VGs), new random UUIDs are generated and assigned to those PVs and
928       VGs.
929
930   machine-id *
931       Remove the local machine ID.
932
933       The machine ID is usually generated from a random source during system
934       installation and stays constant for all subsequent boots.  Optionally,
935       for stateless systems it is generated during runtime at boot if it is
936       found to be empty.
937
938   mail-spool *
939       Remove email from the local mail spool directory.
940
941   net-hostname *
942       Remove HOSTNAME and DHCP_HOSTNAME in network interface configuration.
943
944       For Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux, this is removed from "ifcfg-*"
945       files.
946
947   net-hwaddr *
948       Remove HWADDR (hard-coded MAC address) configuration.
949
950       For Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux, this is removed from "ifcfg-*"
951       files.
952
953   pacct-log *
954       Remove the process accounting log files.
955
956       The system wide process accounting will store to the pacct log files if
957       the process accounting is on.
958
959   package-manager-cache *
960       Remove package manager cache.
961
962   pam-data *
963       Remove the PAM data in the guest.
964
965   passwd-backups *
966       Remove /etc/passwd- and similar backup files.
967
968       On Linux the following files are removed:
969
970       ·   /etc/group-
971
972       ·   /etc/gshadow-
973
974       ·   /etc/passwd-
975
976       ·   /etc/shadow-
977
978       ·   /etc/subgid-
979
980       ·   /etc/subuid-
981
982   puppet-data-log *
983       Remove the data and log files of puppet.
984
985   rh-subscription-manager *
986       Remove the RH subscription manager files.
987
988   rhn-systemid *
989       Remove the RHN system ID.
990
991   rpm-db *
992       Remove host-specific RPM database files.
993
994       Remove host-specific RPM database files and locks.  RPM will recreate
995       these files automatically if needed.
996
997   samba-db-log *
998       Remove the database and log files of Samba.
999
1000   script *
1001       Run arbitrary scripts against the guest.
1002
1003       The "script" module lets you run arbitrary shell scripts or programs
1004       against the guest.
1005
1006       Note this feature requires FUSE support.  You may have to enable this
1007       in your host, for example by adding the current user to the "fuse"
1008       group, or by loading a kernel module.
1009
1010       Use one or more --script parameters to specify scripts or programs that
1011       will be run against the guest.
1012
1013       The script or program is run with its current directory being the
1014       guest’s root directory, so relative paths should be used.  For example:
1015       "rm etc/resolv.conf" in the script would remove a Linux guest’s DNS
1016       configuration file, but "rm /etc/resolv.conf" would (try to) remove the
1017       host’s file.
1018
1019       Normally a temporary mount point for the guest is used, but you can
1020       choose a specific one by using the --scriptdir parameter.
1021
1022       Note: This is different from --firstboot scripts (which run in the
1023       context of the guest when it is booting first time).  --script scripts
1024       run on the host, not in the guest.
1025
1026   smolt-uuid *
1027       Remove the Smolt hardware UUID.
1028
1029   ssh-hostkeys *
1030       Remove the SSH host keys in the guest.
1031
1032       The SSH host keys are regenerated (differently) next time the guest is
1033       booted.
1034
1035       If, after cloning, the guest gets the same IP address, ssh will give
1036       you a stark warning about the host key changing:
1037
1038        @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
1039        @    WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!     @
1040        @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
1041        IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!
1042
1043   ssh-userdir *
1044       Remove ".ssh" directories in the guest.
1045
1046       Remove the ".ssh" directory of user "root" and any other users who have
1047       a ".ssh" directory in their home directory.
1048
1049       Notes on ssh-userdir
1050
1051       Currently this only looks in "/root" and "/home/*" for home
1052       directories, so users with home directories in other locations won't
1053       have the ssh files removed.
1054
1055   sssd-db-log *
1056       Remove the database and log files of sssd.
1057
1058   tmp-files *
1059       Remove temporary files.
1060
1061       This removes temporary files under "/tmp" and "/var/tmp".
1062
1063   udev-persistent-net *
1064       Remove udev persistent net rules.
1065
1066       Remove udev persistent net rules which map the guest’s existing MAC
1067       address to a fixed ethernet device (eg. eth0).
1068
1069       After a guest is cloned, the MAC address usually changes.  Since the
1070       old MAC address occupies the old name (eg. eth0), this means the fresh
1071       MAC address is assigned to a new name (eg. eth1) and this is usually
1072       undesirable.  Erasing the udev persistent net rules avoids this.
1073
1074   user-account
1075       Remove the user accounts in the guest.
1076
1077       By default remove all the user accounts and their home directories.
1078       The "root" account is not removed.
1079
1080       See the --remove-user-accounts parameter for a way to specify how to
1081       remove only some users, or to not remove some others.
1082
1083   utmp *
1084       Remove the utmp file.
1085
1086       This file records who is currently logged in on a machine.  In modern
1087       Linux distros it is stored in a ramdisk and hence not part of the
1088       virtual machine’s disk, but it was stored on disk in older distros.
1089
1090   yum-uuid *
1091       Remove the yum UUID.
1092
1093       Yum creates a fresh UUID the next time it runs when it notices that the
1094       original UUID has been erased.
1095

COPYING AND CLONING

1097       Virt-sysprep can be used as part of a process of cloning guests, or to
1098       prepare a template from which guests can be cloned.  There are many
1099       different ways to achieve this using the virt tools, and this section
1100       is just an introduction.
1101
1102       A virtual machine (when switched off) consists of two parts:
1103
1104       configuration
1105           The configuration or description of the guest.  eg. The libvirt XML
1106           (see "virsh dumpxml"), the running configuration of the guest, or
1107           another external format like OVF.
1108
1109           Some configuration items that might need to be changed:
1110
1111           •   name
1112
1113           •   UUID
1114
1115           •   path to block device(s)
1116
1117           •   network card MAC address
1118
1119       block device(s)
1120           One or more hard disk images, themselves containing files,
1121           directories, applications, kernels, configuration, etc.
1122
1123           Some things inside the block devices that might need to be changed:
1124
1125           •   hostname and other net configuration
1126
1127           •   UUID
1128
1129           •   SSH host keys
1130
1131           •   Windows unique security ID (SID)
1132
1133           •   Puppet registration
1134
1135   COPYING THE BLOCK DEVICE
1136       Starting with an original guest, you probably wish to copy the guest
1137       block device and its configuration to make a template.  Then once you
1138       are happy with the template, you will want to make many clones from it.
1139
1140                               virt-sysprep
1141                                    |
1142                                    v
1143        original guest --------> template ---------->
1144                                             \------> cloned
1145                                              \-----> guests
1146                                               \---->
1147
1148       You can, of course, just copy the block device on the host using cp(1)
1149       or dd(1).
1150
1151                          dd                 dd
1152        original guest --------> template ---------->
1153                                             \------> cloned
1154                                              \-----> guests
1155                                               \---->
1156
1157       There are some smarter (and faster) ways too:
1158
1159                                 snapshot
1160                       template ---------->
1161                                   \------> cloned
1162                                    \-----> guests
1163                                     \---->
1164
1165       You may want to run virt-sysprep twice, once to reset the guest (to
1166       make a template) and a second time to customize the guest for a
1167       specific user:
1168
1169                           virt-sysprep        virt-sysprep
1170                             (reset)      (add user, keys, logos)
1171                                |                   |
1172                        dd      v          dd       v
1173        original guest ----> template ---------> copied ------> custom
1174                                                 template       guest
1175
1176       •   Create a snapshot using qemu-img:
1177
1178            qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o backing_file=original snapshot.qcow
1179
1180           The advantage is that you don’t need to copy the original (very
1181           fast) and only changes are stored (less storage required).
1182
1183           Note that writing to the backing file once you have created guests
1184           on top of it is not possible: you will corrupt the guests.
1185
1186       •   Create a snapshot using "lvcreate --snapshot".
1187
1188       •   Other ways to create snapshots include using filesystems-level
1189           tools (for filesystems such as btrfs).
1190
1191           Most Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices can also create cheap
1192           snapshots from files or LUNs.
1193
1194       •   Get your NAS to duplicate the LUN.  Most NAS devices can also
1195           duplicate LUNs very cheaply (they copy them on-demand in the
1196           background).
1197
1198       •   Prepare your template using virt-sparsify(1).  See below.
1199
1200   VIRT-CLONE
1201       A separate tool, virt-clone(1), can be used to duplicate the block
1202       device and/or modify the external libvirt configuration of a guest.  It
1203       will reset the name, UUID and MAC address of the guest in the libvirt
1204       XML.
1205
1206       virt-clone(1) does not use libguestfs and cannot look inside the disk
1207       image.  This was the original motivation to write virt-sysprep.
1208
1209   SPARSIFY
1210                     virt-sparsify
1211        original guest --------> template
1212
1213       virt-sparsify(1) can be used to make the cloning template smaller,
1214       making it easier to compress and/or faster to copy.
1215
1216       Notice that since virt-sparsify also copies the image, you can use it
1217       to make the initial copy (instead of "dd").
1218
1219   RESIZE
1220                                virt-resize
1221                       template ---------->
1222                                   \------> cloned
1223                                    \-----> guests
1224                                     \---->
1225
1226       If you want to give people cloned guests, but let them pick the size of
1227       the guest themselves (eg. depending on how much they are prepared to
1228       pay for disk space), then instead of copying the template, you can run
1229       virt-resize(1).  Virt-resize performs a copy and resize, and thus is
1230       ideal for cloning guests from a template.
1231

FIRSTBOOT VS SCRIPT

1233       The two options --firstboot and --script both supply shell scripts that
1234       are run against the guest.  However these two options are significantly
1235       different.
1236
1237       --firstboot script uploads the file "script" into the guest and
1238       arranges that it will run, in the guest, when the guest is next booted.
1239       (The script will only run once, at the "first boot").
1240
1241       --script script runs the shell "script" on the host, with its current
1242       directory inside the guest filesystem.
1243
1244       If you needed, for example, to "yum install" new packages, then you
1245       must not use --script for this, since that would (a) run the "yum"
1246       command on the host and (b) wouldn't have access to the same resources
1247       (repositories, keys, etc.) as the guest.  Any command that needs to run
1248       on the guest must be run via --firstboot.
1249
1250       On the other hand if you need to make adjustments to the guest
1251       filesystem (eg. copying in files), then --script is ideal since (a) it
1252       has access to the host filesystem and (b) you will get immediate
1253       feedback on errors.
1254
1255       Either or both options can be used multiple times on the command line.
1256

SECURITY

1258       Although virt-sysprep removes some sensitive information from the
1259       guest, it does not pretend to remove all of it.  You should examine the
1260       "OPERATIONS" above and the guest afterwards.
1261
1262       Sensitive files are simply removed.  The data they contained may still
1263       exist on the disk, easily recovered with a hex editor or undelete tool.
1264       The --scrub option can be used to scrub files instead of just deleting
1265       them.  virt-sparsify(1) is another way to remove this content.  See
1266       also the scrub(1) command to get rid of deleted content in directory
1267       entries and inodes.
1268
1269   RANDOM SEED
1270       (This section applies to Linux guests only)
1271
1272       For supported guests, virt-sysprep writes a few bytes of randomness
1273       from the host into the guest’s random seed file.
1274
1275       If this is just done once and the guest is cloned from the same
1276       template, then each guest will start with the same entropy, and things
1277       like SSH host keys and TCP sequence numbers may be predictable.
1278
1279       Therefore you should arrange to add more randomness after cloning from
1280       a template too, which can be done by enabling just the customize
1281       module:
1282
1283        cp template.img newguest.img
1284        virt-sysprep --enable customize -a newguest.img
1285

SELINUX

1287       For guests which make use of SELinux, special handling for them might
1288       be needed when using operations which create new files or alter
1289       existing ones.
1290
1291       For further details, see "SELINUX" in virt-builder(1).
1292

WINDOWS 8

1294       Windows 8 "fast startup" can prevent virt-sysprep from working.  See
1295       "WINDOWS HIBERNATION AND WINDOWS 8 FAST STARTUP" in guestfs(3).
1296

EXIT STATUS

1298       This program returns 0 on success, or 1 if there was an error.
1299

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

1301       "VIRT_TOOLS_DATA_DIR"
1302           This can point to the directory containing data files used for
1303           Windows firstboot installation.
1304
1305           Normally you do not need to set this.  If not set, a compiled-in
1306           default will be used (something like /usr/share/virt-tools).
1307
1308           This directory may contain the following files:
1309
1310           rhsrvany.exe
1311               This is the RHSrvAny Windows binary, used to install a
1312               "firstboot" script in Windows guests.  It is required if you
1313               intend to use the --firstboot or --firstboot-command options
1314               with Windows guests.
1315
1316               See also: "https://github.com/rwmjones/rhsrvany"
1317
1318           pvvxsvc.exe
1319               This is a Windows binary shipped with SUSE VMDP, used to
1320               install a "firstboot" script in Windows guests.  It is required
1321               if you intend to use the --firstboot or --firstboot-command
1322               options with Windows guests.
1323
1324       For other environment variables, see "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES" in
1325       guestfs(3).
1326

SEE ALSO

1328       guestfs(3), guestfish(1), virt-builder(1), virt-clone(1),
1329       virt-customize(1), virt-rescue(1), virt-resize(1), virt-sparsify(1),
1330       virsh(1), lvcreate(8), qemu-img(1), scrub(1), http://libguestfs.org/,
1331       http://libvirt.org/.
1332

AUTHORS

1334       Richard W.M. Jones http://people.redhat.com/~rjones/
1335
1336       Wanlong Gao, Fujitsu Ltd.
1337
1339       Copyright (C) 2011-2020 Red Hat Inc.
1340
1341       Copyright (C) 2012 Fujitsu Ltd.
1342

LICENSE

1344       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
1345       under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
1346       Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
1347       option) any later version.
1348
1349       This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
1350       WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
1351       MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
1352       General Public License for more details.
1353
1354       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
1355       with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
1356       51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
1357

BUGS

1359       To get a list of bugs against libguestfs, use this link:
1360       https://bugzilla.redhat.com/buglist.cgi?component=libguestfs&product=Virtualization+Tools
1361
1362       To report a new bug against libguestfs, use this link:
1363       https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?component=libguestfs&product=Virtualization+Tools
1364
1365       When reporting a bug, please supply:
1366
1367       •   The version of libguestfs.
1368
1369       •   Where you got libguestfs (eg. which Linux distro, compiled from
1370           source, etc)
1371
1372       •   Describe the bug accurately and give a way to reproduce it.
1373
1374       •   Run libguestfs-test-tool(1) and paste the complete, unedited output
1375           into the bug report.
1376
1377
1378
1379guestfs-tools-1.47.2              2021-07-22                   virt-sysprep(1)
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