1fuse(1) Emulators fuse(1)
2
6 fuse — Sinclair ZX Spectrum emulator
7
9 fuse [options]
10
12 Fuse is a Sinclair ZX Spectrum emulator. It supports several models
13 (including the 128), with quite faithful emulation of the display and
14 sound.
15 The emulator can load any of the formats supported by libspectrum(3) —
17 this includes Z80, SNA and SZX snapshots, and PZX, TAP and TZX virtual-
18 tape files. Saving to SZX, Z80 and SNA snapshots and TZX and TAP tape
19 files is supported. The SLT extension to the Z80 format is partly sup‐
20 ported (enough for multi-load games); however, loading of the old DAT-
21 file variant is not.
22 DSK, UDI, FDI, TD0, MGT, IMG, D40, D80, SAD, TRD, SCL and OPD disk im‐
24 ages are supported when a disk interface is being emulated, including
25 the integrated disk drives on +3, Pentagon or Scorpion machines as well
26 as the +D, DISCiPLE, Opus Discovery, Beta 128 and Didaktik 80 inter‐
27 faces. DCK cartridge images are supported when emulating a Timex 2068
28 variant. Interface 2 ROM cartridges are also supported.
29 Finally, there is also support for reading and writing the RZX input
31 recording format.
32 See the COMPRESSED FILES section for details on reading files com‐
34 pressed with bzip2(3), gzip(3) or zip(3).
35
37 --accelerate-loader
38 Specify whether Fuse should attempt to accelerate tape loaders
39 by “short circuiting” the loading loop. This will in general
40 speed up loading, but may cause some loaders to fail. (Enabled
41 by default, but you can use `--no-accelerate-loader' to dis‐
42 able). The same as the Media Options dialog's Accelerate loaders
43 option.
44 --aspect-hint
46 Specify whether the GTK and Xlib user interfaces should `hint'
47 to the window manager about the preferred aspect ratio for the
48 graphics window, thus preventing resizing to non-square sizes
49 which lead to Fuse not displaying correctly. This option has
50 been observed to cause problems with some window managers when
51 using the GTK UI which can prevent the window from being resized
52 or moved at all. (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-as‐
53 pect-hint' to disable). See also the `--strict-aspect-hint' op‐
54 tion.
55 --autosave-settings
57 Specify whether Fuse's current settings should be automatically
58 saved on exit. The same as the General Options dialog's Auto-
59 save settings option.
60 --auto-load
62 Specify whether tape and disk files should be automatically
63 loaded when they are opened using the File, Open... menu op‐
64 tion. In the case of TRD/SCL disk images, inserts also a boot
65 loader file when none is available. (Enabled by default, but you
66 can use `--no-auto-load' to disable). Same as the Media Options
67 dialog's Auto-load media option.
68 --beta128
70 Emulate a Beta 128 interface. Same as the Disk Peripherals Op‐
71 tions dialog's Beta 128 interface option.
72 --beta128-48boot
74 When a Beta 128 interface is used in 48K or TC2048 emulation the
75 option additionally controls whether the machine boots directly
76 into the TR-DOS system. Same as the Disk Peripherals Options di‐
77 alog's Beta 128 auto-boot in 48K machines option.
78 --betadisk file
80 Insert the specified file into the emulated Beta disk inter‐
81 face's drive A: and select Pentagon mode on startup.
82 --bw-tv
84 Specify whether the display should simulate a colour or black
85 and white television. This option is effective under the GTK,
86 Win32, Xlib and SDL user interfaces: the others will always sim‐
87 ulate a colour TV. The same as the General Options dialog's
88 Black and white TV option.
89 --cmos-z80
91 This option specifies that Fuse should emulate a CMOS Z80, as
92 opposed to an NMOS Z80. Same as the General Options dialog's Z80
93 is CMOS option.
94 --competition-code code
96 Specify the code to be written to competition mode RZX files.
97 The same as the RZX Options dialog's Competition code option.
98 --competition-mode
100 Specify whether input recordings should be made in `competition
101 mode'. The same as the RZX Options dialog's Competition mode
102 option.
103 --compress-rzx
105 Specify whether RZX files should be written out compressed. (En‐
106 abled by default, but you can use `--no-compress-rzx' to dis‐
107 able). Same as the RZX Options dialog's Compress RZX data op‐
108 tion.
109 --confirm-actions
111 Specify whether `dangerous' actions (those which could cause
112 data loss, for example resetting the Spectrum) require confirma‐
113 tion before occurring. (Enabled by default, but you can use
114 `--no-confirm-actions' to disable). This option is the same as
115 the General Options dialog's Confirm actions option.
116 --covox
118 Emulate a Covox sound interface for Pentagon/Scorpion. Same as
119 the General Peripherals Options dialog's Covox option.
120 --debugger-command string
122 Specify a debugger command to be run before emulator startup.
123 This can be used to set breakpoints or the like. Currently, this
124 is the only method to input multi-line debugger commands. (See
125 the MONITOR/DEBUGGER section for more information).
126 --detect-loader
128 Specify whether Fuse should attempt to detect when the tape is
129 being accessed and start and stop the virtual tape playing auto‐
130 matically. (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-de‐
131 tect-loader' to disable). Same as the Media Options dialog's De‐
132 tect loaders option.
133 --disciple
135 Emulate a DISCiPLE interface. Same as the Disk Peripherals Op‐
136 tions dialog's DISCiPLE interface option.
137 --discipledisk file
139 Insert the specified file into the emulated DISCiPLE's drive 1.
140 --didaktik80
142 Emulate a Didaktik 80 (or Didaktik 40) disk interface. Same as
143 the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's Didaktik 80 interface op‐
144 tion.
145 --didaktik80disk file
147 Insert the specified file into the emulated Didaktik 80 (or Di‐
148 daktik 40)'s drive A.
149 --disk-ask-merge
151 Prompt the user to confirm whether Fuse should try to merge the
152 `B' side of a disk image from a separate file when opening a new
153 single-sided disk image.
154 --disk-try-merge mode
156 Select whether Fuse should try to merge a separate file for the
157 `B' side of a disk image separate file when opening a new disk
158 image. Most double sided disk images are dumped as two single
159 sided disk images e.g. `Golden Axe - Side A.dsk' and `Golden
160 Axe - Side B.dsk'. So, if we want to play Golden Axe, first we
161 have to insert the first disk image and when the game asks to
162 insert side B, we have to find and open the second disk image,
163 instead of just `flip'-ing the disk inside the drive. If en‐
164 abled, Fuse will try to open the second image too and create a
165 double sided disk image (merging the two one sided disk images)
166 and insert this merged virtual disk into the disk drive. The
167 function detects whether the file is one side of a double-sided
168 image if the filename matches a pattern like [Ss]ide[
169 _][abAB12][ _.] in the file name of a disk that is being opened.
170 If found, Fuse will try to open the other side of the disk too
171 substituting the appropriate characters in the filename e.g.
172 1→2, a→b, A→B. If successful then it will merge the two images
173 and now we have a double sided disk in drive. This means that if
174 we open `Golden Axe - Side A.dsk', then Fuse will try to open
175 `Golden Axe - Side B.dsk' too. Now, we can just `flip' the disk
176 if Golden Axe asks for `Side B'. The available options are
177 Never, With single-sided drives and Always.
178 --divide
180 Emulate the DivIDE interface. The same as the Disk Peripherals
181 Options dialog's DivIDE interface option.
182 --divide-masterfile file
184 --divide-slavefile file
185 Specify an IDE image to be loaded into the DivIDE's emulated
186 master and slave drives respectively.
187 --divide-write-protect
189 Specify that the emulated DivIDE's write protect jumper should
190 be considered set. The same as the Disk Peripherals Options dia‐
191 log's DivIDE write protect option.
192 --divmmc
194 Emulate the DivMMC interface. The same as the Disk Peripherals
195 Options dialog's DivMMC interface option.
196 --divmmc-file file
198 Specify an HDF image to be loaded into the DivMMC's emulated
199 memory card.
200 --divmmc-write-protect
202 Specify that the emulated DivMMC's write protect jumper that
203 protects EEPROM should be considered set. The same as the Disk
204 Peripherals Options dialog's DivMMC write protect option.
205 --dock file
207 Insert the specified file into the emulated Timex 2068 variant
208 dock; also select the TC2068 on startup if available.
209 -D mode
211 --doublescan-mode mode
212 Specify whether to use doublescan modes in the FB UI. Available
213 values for mode are 0, 1 and 2. 0 means `never doublescan' (use
214 640×480 at either 72 Hz or 60 Hz), whereas 1 and 2 both mean
215 `try to use doublescan' and will fall back on the 640×480 modes.
216 1 selects 72 Hz modes (the same size and shape as your typical
217 640×480), and 2 selects 60 Hz modes (overscan).
218 If your monitor displays a blank screen when using 1 or 2, press
220 F10 then try a different option or say `--fbmode 640'.
221 --drive-plus3a-type type
223 --drive-plus3b-type type
224 --drive-beta128a-type type
225 --drive-beta128b-type type
226 --drive-beta128c-type type
227 --drive-beta128d-type type
228 --drive-plusd1-type type
229 --drive-plusd2-type type
230 --drive-didaktik80a-type type
231 --drive-didaktik80b-type type
232 --drive-disciple1-type type
233 --drive-disciple2-type type
234 --drive-opus1-type type
235 --drive-opus2-type type
236 Specify a disk drive type to emulate with the associated inter‐
237 face. The available options are Disabled, Single-sided 40
238 track, Double-sided 40 track, Single-sided 80 track and Dou‐
239 ble-sided 80 track. See the Disk Options dialog for more infor‐
240 mation. The Disabled option is not supported for Drive 1 or
241 Drive A of any interface.
242 --drive-40-max-track count
244 --drive-80-max-track count
245 Specify the maximum number of tracks for 40 and 80 track physi‐
246 cal drives respectively.
247 --embed-snapshot
249 Specify whether a snapshot should be embedded in an RZX file
250 when recording is started from an existing snapshot. (Enabled by
251 default, but you can use `--no-embed-snapshot' to disable). Same
252 as the RZX Options dialog's Always embed snapshot option.
253 --fastload
255 Specify whether Fuse should run at the fastest possible speed
256 when the virtual tape is playing. (Enabled by default, but you
257 can use `--no-fastload' to disable). The same as the Media Op‐
258 tions dialog's Fastloading option.
259 -v mode
261 --fbmode mode
262 Specify which mode to use for the FB UI. Available values for
263 mode are `320' (which corresponds to a 320×240×256 mode), the
264 default and `640' (a 640×480×256 mode).
265 --fuller
267 Emulate a Fuller Box interface. Same as the General Peripherals
268 Options dialog's Fuller Box option.
269 --full-screen
271 Specify whether Fuse should run in full screen mode. This op‐
272 tion is effective only under the SDL UI.
273 -g filter
275 --graphics-filter mode
276 Specify which graphics filter to use if available. The default
277 is normal, which uses no filtering. The available options are
278 2x, 2xsai, 3x, 4x, advmame2x, advmame3x, dotmatrix, half, half‐
279 skip, hq2x, hq3x, hq4x, normal, super2xsai, supereagle,
280 timex15x, timex2x, timextv, tv2x, tv3x, tv4x, paltv, paltv2x,
281 paltv3x, and paltv4x. See the GRAPHICS FILTERS section for more
282 details.
283 --graphicsfile file
285 Set the filename used for graphical output from the emulated
286 ZX Printer. See the PRINTER EMULATION section for more details.
287 -h
289 --help
290 Give brief usage help, listing available options.
291 --if2cart file
293 Insert the specified file into the emulated Interface 2.
294 --interface1
296 Emulate a Sinclair Interface 1. Same as the General Peripherals
297 Options dialog's Interface 1 option.
298 --interface2
300 Emulate a Sinclair Interface 2. (Enabled by default, but you can
301 use `--no-interface2' to disable). Same as the General Peripher‐
302 als Options dialog's Interface 2 option.
303 --issue2
305 Emulate an issue 2 keyboard. Same as the General Options dia‐
306 log's Issue 2 keyboard option.
307 -j device
309 --joystick-1 device
310 Read from device to emulate the first joystick. Fuse will use
311 either `/dev/input/js0' or `/dev/js0' by default.
312 --joystick-2 device
314 As for --joystick-1 but for the second joystick; the default
315 here is either `/dev/input/js1' or `/dev/js1'.
316 --joystick-1-output type
318 --joystick-2-output type
319 --joystick-keyboard-output type
320 Select which joystick interface to attach for the first two real
321 joysticks and the keyboard joystick. The default is 0, which is
322 no output. The available options are 1 (cursor), 2 (kempston), 3
323 (Sinclair 1), 4 (Sinclair 2), 5 (Timex 1), 6 (Timex 2), and 7
324 (Fuller). Same as the Joysticks Options dialog's Joystick type
325 option.
326 --joystick-1-fire-1 code
328 --joystick-1-fire-2 code
329 --joystick-1-fire-3 code
330 --joystick-1-fire-4 code
331 --joystick-1-fire-5 code
332 --joystick-1-fire-6 code
333 --joystick-1-fire-7 code
334 --joystick-1-fire-8 code
335 --joystick-1-fire-9 code
336 --joystick-1-fire-10 code
337 --joystick-1-fire-11 code
338 --joystick-1-fire-12 code
339 --joystick-1-fire-13 code
340 --joystick-1-fire-14 code
341 --joystick-1-fire-15 code
342 --joystick-2-fire-1 code
343 --joystick-2-fire-2 code
344 --joystick-2-fire-3 code
345 --joystick-2-fire-4 code
346 --joystick-2-fire-5 code
347 --joystick-2-fire-6 code
348 --joystick-2-fire-7 code
349 --joystick-2-fire-8 code
350 --joystick-2-fire-9 code
351 --joystick-2-fire-10 code
352 --joystick-2-fire-11 code
353 --joystick-2-fire-12 code
354 --joystick-2-fire-13 code
355 --joystick-2-fire-14 code
356 --joystick-2-fire-15 code
357 Select which Fuse key code should be triggered by the applicable
358 real joystick button press. The codes are the Fuse keyboard
359 codes corresponding to the keys. The default value is 4096 which
360 corresponds to the virtual joystick fire button. Same as the
361 Joysticks Options dialog's Joystick fire options.
362 --joystick-keyboard-up code
364 --joystick-keyboard-down code
365 --joystick-keyboard-left code
366 --joystick-keyboard-right code
367 --joystick-keyboard-fire code
368 Select which Fuse key code should correspond with each direction
369 and fire for the keyboard virtual joystick. The same as the Key‐
370 board Joysticks Options dialog's Button for UP, Button for DOWN,
371 Button for LEFT, Button for RIGHT and Button for FIRE options
372 respectively.
373 --joystick-prompt
375 If this option is specified, then Fuse will prompt you which
376 form of joystick emulation you wish to use when loading a snap‐
377 shot. No prompt will be issued if the configuration in the snap‐
378 shot matches what you are currently using. The same as the Gen‐
379 eral Options dialog's Snap joystick prompt option.
380 --kempston
382 Emulate a Kempston joystick. Same as the General Peripherals Op‐
383 tions dialog's Kempston joystick option.
384 --kempston-mouse
386 Emulate a Kempston mouse. Same as the General Peripherals Op‐
387 tions dialog's Kempston mouse option.
388 --keyboard-arrows-shifted
390 Treat the keyboard arrow keys as shifted like the ZX Spectrum+
391 keyboard's arrow keys or as unshifted like a cursor joystick
392 that maps to the 5, 6, 7 and 8 keys. (Enabled by default, but
393 you can use `--no-keyboard-arrows-shifted' to disable). Same as
394 the General Peripherals Options dialog's Use shift with arrow
395 keys option.
396 --late-timings
398 It has been observed that some real Spectrums run such that the
399 screen is rendered one tstate later than on other real hardware.
400 This option specifies that Fuse should emulate such a machine.
401 Same as the General Options dialog's Late timings option.
402 --loading-sound
404 Specify whether the sound made while tapes are loading should be
405 emulated. (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-load‐
406 ing-sound' to disable). Same as the Sound Options dialog's Load‐
407 ing sound option.
408 -m type
410 --machine type
411 Specify machine type to emulate initially. The default is 48, a
412 48K Spectrum. The available options are 16, 48, 48_ntsc, 128,
413 plus2, plus2a, plus3, 2048, 2068, ts2068, pentagon, pentagon512,
414 pentagon1024, scorpion and se.
415 --melodik
417 Emulate a Melodik AY interface for 16/48k Spectrums. Same as the
418 General Peripherals Options dialog's Melodik option.
419 --mdr-len length
421 This option controls the number of blocks in a new Microdrive
422 cartridge. Same as the Media Options dialog's MDR cartridge len
423 option.
424 --mdr-random-len
426 If this option is set, Fuse will use a random Microdrive car‐
427 tridge length. Same as the Media Options dialog's Random length
428 MDR cartridge option.
429 --microdrive-file file
431 --microdrive-2-file file
432 --microdrive-3-file file
433 --microdrive-4-file file
434 --microdrive-5-file file
435 --microdrive-6-file file
436 --microdrive-7-file file
437 --microdrive-8-file file
438 Specify Interface 1 Microdrive cartridge files to open.
439 --mouse-swap-buttons
441 Swap the left and right mouse buttons when emulating the Kemp‐
442 ston mouse. The same as the General Peripherals dialog's Swap
443 mouse buttons option.
444 --movie-compr level
446 This option sets the compression level used when creating
447 movies. Same as the Movie Options dialog's Movie compression op‐
448 tion. The available options are None, Lossless, and High
449 (lossy). The default option is Lossless. See also the MOVIE
450 RECORDING section.
451 --movie-start file
453 With this command line option, Fuse will start movie recording
454 as soon as the emulator is started. See also the MOVIE RECORDING
455 section.
456 --movie-stop-after-rzx
458 With this command line option, Fuse will stop movie recording
459 when RZX playback or RZX recording ends. Same as the Movie Op‐
460 tions dialog's Stop recording after RZX ends option. (Enabled by
461 default, but you can use `--no-movie-stop-after-rzx' to dis‐
462 able). See also the MOVIE RECORDING section.
463 --multiface1
465 Emulate a Romantic Robot Multiface One interface. Same as the
466 General Peripherals Options dialog's Multiface One option.
467 --multiface128
469 Emulate a Romantic Robot Multiface 128 interface. Same as the
470 General Peripherals Options dialog's Multiface 128 option.
471 --multiface3
473 Emulate a Romantic Robot Multiface 3 interface. Same as the Gen‐
474 eral Peripherals Options dialog's Multiface 3 option.
475 --multiface1-stealth
477 Set Multiface One stealth/invisible mode. Same as the General
478 Peripherals Options dialog's Stealth Multiface One option.
479 --opus
481 Emulate an Opus Discovery interface. Same as the Disk Peripher‐
482 als Options dialog's Opus Discovery interface option.
483 --opusdisk file
485 Insert the specified file into the emulated Opus Discovery's
486 drive 1.
487 --pal-tv2x
489 Specify whether the PAL TV 2x, PAL TV 3x and PAL TV 4x scalers
490 should also produce scanlines along the lines of the TV 2x and
491 Timex TV scalers. The same as the General Options dialog's PAL-
492 TV use TV2x effect option.
493 --phantom-typist-mode mode
495 Specify the keystroke sequence that the "phantom typist" should
496 use when starting a program loading. The available options are
497 Auto, Keyword, Keystroke, Menu, Plus 2A and Plus 3. The same as
498 the Media Options dialog's Phantom typist mode option.
499 -p file
501 --playback file
502 Specify an RZX file to begin playback from.
503 --plus3disk file
505 Insert the specified file into the emulated +3's A: drive; also
506 select the +3 on startup if available.
507 --plus3-detect-speedlock
509 Specify whether the +3 drives try to detect Speedlock protected
510 disks, and emulate `weak' sectors. If the disk image file (EDSK
511 or UDI) contains weak sector data, than Speedlock detection is
512 automatically omitted. See also the WEAK DISK DATA section.
513 Same as the Disk Options dialog's +3 Detect Speedlock option.
514 --plusd
516 Emulate a +D interface. Same as the Disk Peripherals Options di‐
517 alog's +D interface option.
518 --plusddisk file
520 Insert the specified file into the emulated +D's drive 1.
521 --printer
523 Specify whether the emulation should include a printer. Same as
524 the General Peripherals Options dialog's Emulate printers op‐
525 tion.
526 --rate frame
528 Specify the frame rate, the ratio of spectrum frame updates to
529 real frame updates. Same as the General Options dialog's Frame
530 rate option.
531 -r file
533 --record file
534 Specify an RZX file to begin recording to.
535 --recreated-spectrum
537 Enable the use of a Recreated ZX Spectrum in `Layer A' (game)
538 mode. This is a Bluetooth keyboard that can be paired to the de‐
539 vice where Fuse is running. The same as the General Options dia‐
540 log's Recreated ZX Spectrum option.
541 --rom-16 file
543 --rom-48 file
544 --rom-128-0 file
545 --rom-128-1 file
546 --rom-plus2-0 file
547 --rom-plus2-1 file
548 --rom-plus2a-0 file
549 --rom-plus2a-1 file
550 --rom-plus2a-2 file
551 --rom-plus2a-3 file
552 --rom-plus3-0 file
553 --rom-plus3-1 file
554 --rom-plus3-2 file
555 --rom-plus3-3 file
556 --rom-plus3e-0 file
557 --rom-plus3e-1 file
558 --rom-plus3e-2 file
559 --rom-plus3e-3 file
560 --rom-tc2048 file
561 --rom-tc2068-0 file
562 --rom-tc2068-1 file
563 --rom-ts2068-0 file
564 --rom-ts2068-1 file
565 --rom-pentagon-0 file
566 --rom-pentagon-1 file
567 --rom-pentagon-2 file
568 --rom-pentagon512-0 file
569 --rom-pentagon512-1 file
570 --rom-pentagon512-2 file
571 --rom-pentagon512-3 file
572 --rom-pentagon1024-0 file
573 --rom-pentagon1024-1 file
574 --rom-pentagon1024-2 file
575 --rom-pentagon1024-3 file
576 --rom-scorpion-0 file
577 --rom-scorpion-1 file
578 --rom-scorpion-2 file
579 --rom-scorpion-3 file
580 --rom-spec-se-0 file
581 --rom-spec-se-1 file
582 Specify the file to be used for ROM(s) used for each machine.
583 The options respectively refer to the 16K Spectrum (48.rom),
584 48K Spectrum (48.rom), the two ROMs for the 128K Spectrum
585 (128-0.rom and 128-1.rom), the two ROMs for the +2 (plus2-0.rom
586 and plus2-1.rom), the four ROMs for the +2A (plus3-0.rom,
587 plus3-1.rom, plus3-2.rom and plus3-3.rom), the four ROMs for the
588 +3 (plus3-0.rom, plus3-1.rom, plus3-2.rom and plus3-3.rom), the
589 four enhanced ROMs for the +3e (plus3e-0.rom, plus3e-1.rom,
590 plus3e-2.rom and plus3e-3.rom), the TC2048 ROM (tc2048.rom), the
591 two ROMs for the TC2068 (tc2068-0.rom and tc2068-1.rom), the two
592 ROMs for the TS2068 (tc2068-0.rom and tc2068-1.rom), the two
593 main ROMs and the TR-DOS ROM for the Pentagon 128K (128p-0.rom,
594 128p-1.rom and trdos.rom), the two main ROMs, the TR-DOS ROM and
595 a reset service ROM for the Pentagon 512K and 1024K (128p-0.rom,
596 128p-1.rom, trdos.rom and gluck.rom), the four ROMs for the
597 Scorpion 256 (256s-0.rom, 256s-1.rom, 256s-2.rom and
598 256s-3.rom), and the two ROMs for the Spectrum SE (se-0.rom and
599 se-1.rom).
600 The names in brackets denote the defaults. Note that not all
602 these ROMs are supplied with Fuse — you must supply your own
603 copies of those which are not.
604 --rom-interface-1 file
606 --rom-beta128 file
607 --rom-plusd file
608 --rom-didaktik80 file
609 --rom-disciple file
610 --rom-multiface1 file
611 --rom-multiface128 file
612 --rom-multiface3 file
613 --rom-opus file
614 --rom-speccyboot file
615 --rom-ttx2000s file
616 --rom-usource file
617 Specify the file to be used for ROM(s) used for each peripheral.
618 The options respectively refer to the Interface 1 ROM
619 (if1-2.rom), the TR-DOS ROM for Beta 128 emulation with the 48K,
620 TC2048, 128K or +2 (trdos.rom), the +D ROM (plusd.rom), the Di‐
621 daktik 80 ROM (didaktik80.rom), the DISCiPLE ROM (disciple.rom),
622 the Multiface One ROM (mf1.rom), the Multiface 128 ROM
623 (mf128.rom), the Multiface 3 ROM (mf3.rom), the Opus Discovery
624 ROM (opus.rom), the SpeccyBoot ROM (speccyboot-1.4.rom), the
625 TTX2000S ROM (ttx2000s.rom), and the µSource ROM (usource.rom).
626 The names in brackets denote the defaults. Note that not all
628 these ROMs are supplied with Fuse — you must supply your own
629 copies of those which are not.
630 --no-rs232-handshake
632 This option makes Fuse's Interface 1 emulation assume that the
633 RS-232 line other end is live when you connect the communication
634 channels. See also the `--rs232-rx' and `--rs232-tx' options.
635 --rs232-rx
637 --rs232-tx
638 Specify the communication channels (FIFO or file) to be used for
639 Interface 1 RS-232 emulation as RxD and TxD wire. See also the
640 `--rs232-handshake' options.
641 --rzx-autosaves
643 Specify that, while recording an RZX file, Fuse should automati‐
644 cally add a snapshot to the recording stream every 5 seconds.
645 (Default to on, but you can use `--no-rzx-autosaves' to dis‐
646 able). Same as the RZX Options dialog's Create autosaves option;
647 see there for more details.
648 --sdl-fullscreen-mode mode
650 Select a screen resolution for full screen mode. Available val‐
651 ues for mode are listed in a table, when Fuse is called with
652 --sdl-fullscreen-mode list command line option. This option is
653 effective only under the SDL UI.
654 --separation type
656 Give stereo separation of the 128's AY sound channels. Same as
657 the General Options dialog's AY stereo separation option. The
658 available options are None, ACB, and ABC. The default option is
659 None.
660 --simpleide
662 Specify whether Fuse will emulate the simple 8-bit IDE interface
663 as used by the Spectrum +3e. Same as the Disk Peripherals Op‐
664 tions dialog's Simple 8-bit IDE option.
665 --simpleide-masterfile file
667 Specify a HDF file to connect to the emulated Simple 8-bit IDE
668 interface's master channel.
669 --simpleide-slavefile file
671 Specify a HDF file to connect to the emulated Simple 8-bit IDE
672 interface's slave channel.
673 --slt
675 Support the SLT trap instruction. (Enabled by default, but you
676 can use `--no-slt' to disable). Same as the Media Options dia‐
677 log's Use .slt traps option.
678 -s file
680 --snapshot file
681 Specify a snapshot file to load. The file can be in any snapshot
682 format supported by libspectrum(3).
683 --sound
685 Specify whether Fuse should produce sound. (Enabled by default,
686 but you can use `--no-sound' to disable). Same as the Sound Op‐
687 tions dialog's Sound enabled option.
688 -d device
690 --sound-device device
691 Specify the sound output device to use and any options to give
692 that device. If you are not using the SDL UI or using libao or
693 libasound (ALSA) for sound output, then the device parameter
694 just specifies the device to be used for sound output.
695 If you are using the SDL UI, the device parameter allows you to
697 specify the audio driver to be used (e.g. dsp, alsa, dma, esd
698 and arts).
699 If you are using libao for sound output, the device parameter
701 allows you to specify the device used for sound output (either
702 `live' to a speaker or to a file) and the parameters to be used
703 for that device. In general, the device parameter has the form
704 driver[:param[=value][,param[=value][,...]]. driver selects the
705 libao driver to be used, either one of the `live' drivers (aixs,
706 alsa, alsa09, arts, esd, irix, macosx, nas, oss or sun) or a
707 file driver (au, raw, wav or null). The available parameter and
708 value pairs for each device are:
709 • aixs: AIX audio system
711 • dev=device
713 `device' gives the AIX sound device.
714 • alsa: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture version 0.5.x
716 • card=num
718 `num' gives the ALSA card number.
719 • dev=num
721 `num' gives the ALSA device number.
722 • buf_size=num
724 `num' gives the ALSA buffer size in bytes.
725 • alsa09: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture version 0.9+
727 • dev=string
729 `string' specifies the ALSA device e.g. hw:1.2
730 • buffer_time=num
732 `num' gives the ALSA buffer time in microseconds.
733 • period_time=num
735 `num' gives the ALSA period time in microseconds.
736 • use_mmap=yes|y|true|t|1
738 specifies that libao use memory mapped transfer.
739 • arts: aRts soundserver: no parameters.
741 • esd: Enlightened Sound Daemon.
743 • host=string
745 `string' gives the ESD host specification.
746 • irix: IRIX Audio Library: no parameters.
748 • macosx: MacOS X CoreAudio: no parameters.
750 • nas: Network Audio System.
752 • host=string
754 `string' gives the NAS host specification.
755 • buf_size=num
757 `num' gives the buffer size on the server.
758 • oss: Open Sound System.
760 • dsp=string
762 `string' gives the OSS device to be used e.g.
763 /dev/sound/dsp1
764 • sun: SUN audio system.
766 • dev=string
768 `string' gives the audio device to be used.
769 • au: SUN Sparc audio file: no parameters.
771 • raw: raw file.
773 • byteorder=string
775 `string' can be any of native (host native byte‐
776 order), big (big endian) or little (little en‐
777 dian).
778 • wav: Microsoft audio file: no parameters.
780 • null: null output: no parameters.
782 • debug: for debugging libao.
784 Finally, each of the file output types (au, raw and wav) have an
786 extra option `file=filename' where `filename' gives the file
787 output will be directed to. This defaults to `fuse-sound.ao' if
788 it is not specified.
789 Some examples of use:
791 fuse -d alsa09:dev=hw:1
793 causes Fuse to use ALSA 0.9+ output with the second (#1) sound
795 card.
796 fuse -d raw:byteorder=little,file=enigma.raw
798 causes Fuse to save little endian words to `enigma.raw'.
800 See the `DEVICE' section of ogg123(1) for up to date information
802 of devices and options (except for the `file' option which is
803 provided by Fuse itself).
804 If you are using libasound or ALSA for sound output, the device
806 parameter allows you to specify the device used for sound output
807 and some parameters to be used for that device. In general, the
808 device parameter has the form
809 devstr or
810 param[=value][,param[=value][,...][,devstr].
811 • devstr: selects the ALSA device used, it can be any com‐
813 plex or simple ALSA device name. e.g.: default or hw:0 or
814 tee:plughw:0,'/tmp/out.raw',raw. See the alsa-lib pcm
815 api reference at
816 http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/pcm.html
817 for further explanation.
818 • param and values:
820 • buffer=nnnn: set the ALSA buffer in frames,
822 smaller value cause smaller sound delay but may
823 more buffer underrun (pops and clicks), larger
824 value cause longer delay but fewer underrun. By
825 default Fuse determine the buffer size based on
826 the actual sound frequency.
827 If you use some special plugin for your pcm device
829 (e.g.: dmix) or your card not support some needed
830 parameter (e.g. cannot play other only 48 kHz
831 stereo sound like some AC97 sound card) may cause
832 Fuse unable to set the needed buffer size, appro‐
833 priate sound frequency, channels and so on, there‐
834 fore you cannot get optimal result or not hear the
835 sound at all. In this case try the plughw:#,
836 (where # mean your card number counted from 0) for
837 ALSA device.
838 • verbose : if given, fuse report ALSA buffer under‐
840 runs to stderr.
841 Some examples of use:
843 fuse -d verbose,buffer=2000
845 causes Fuse to use the default ALSA device with 2000 frame
847 length buffer and report ALSA buffer underruns on stderr.
848 fuse -d tee:plughw:0,'/tmp/aufwm.raw',raw
850 causes Fuse to use the first card and parallel save the raw au‐
852 dio samples into /tmp/aufwm.raw file.
853 If you are using PulseAudio for sound output, the device parame‐
855 ter allows you to specify some parameters to be used for that
856 soud buffer. In general, the device parameter has the form
857 param[=value][,param[=value][,...].
858 • param and values:
860 • tlength=[num]ms: set target length of the PulseAu‐
862 dio sound buffer in milliseconds. Smaller value
863 cause smaller sound delay but more buffer under‐
864 runs (pops and clicks), larger value cause longer
865 delay but fewer underruns. By default Fuse set the
866 buffer size to 30ms of sound delay.
867 • tlength=num: set target length of the PulseAudio
869 sound buffer in bytes. By default Fuse set the
870 buffer size to 30ms of sound delay.
871 • verbose : if given, Fuse report PulseAudio buffer
873 underruns to stderr and PulseAudio buffer options
874 to stdout.
875 Some examples of use:
877 fuse -d tlength=40ms
879 causes Fuse to target 40ms of sound delay instead of the default
881 30ms.
882 fuse -d verbose,tlength=2646
884 causes Fuse to request a sound buffer of 2646 bytes and print
886 info to stdout.
887 --sound-force-8bit
889 Force the use of 8-bit sound, even if 16-bit is possible. Same
890 as the Sound Options dialog's Force 8-bit option.
891 -f frequency
893 --sound-freq frequency
894 Specify what frequency Fuse should use for the sound device, the
895 default is 44.1 kHz, but some devices only support a single fre‐
896 quency or a limited range (e.g. 48 kHz or up to 22 kHz).
897 --speaker-type type
899 Select the output speaker emulation, type can be TV speaker,
900 Beeper or Unfiltered. Same as the Sound Options dialog's Speaker
901 type option.
902 --speccyboot
904 Emulate a SpeccyBoot Ethernet interface. Same as the General Pe‐
905 ripherals Options dialog's SpeccyBoot option. See the SpeccyBoot
906 web page at http://patrikpersson.github.io/speccyboot/ for full
907 details on the SpeccyBoot.
908 --speccyboot-tap device
910 Specify the TAP device to use for SpeccyBoot emulation.
911 --specdrum
913 Emulate a SpecDrum interface. Same as the General Peripherals
914 Options dialog's SpecDrum option. See the World of Spectrum In‐
915 foseek web page at http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infos‐
916 eekid.cgi?id=1000062 for manuals, software and more.
917 --spectranet
919 Specify whether Fuse will emulate the Spectranet Ethernet inter‐
920 face. Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's Spec‐
921 tranet option. See the SPECTRANET EMULATION section for more de‐
922 tails.
923 --spectranet-disable
925 This option controls the state of the Spectranet automatic page-
926 in jumper (J2). Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's
927 Spectranet disable option. See the SPECTRANET EMULATION section
928 for more details.
929 --speed percentage
931 Specify the speed (as a percentage of real Spectrum speed) at
932 which emulation should attempt to proceed. Same as the General
933 Options dialog's Emulation speed option.
934 --statusbar
936 For the GTK and Win32 UI, enables the statusbar beneath the dis‐
937 play. For the Xlib and SDL UI, enables the status icons showing
938 whether the disk and tape are being accessed. Same as the Gen‐
939 eral Options dialog's Show statusbar option.
940 --strict-aspect-hint
942 For the GTK UI, use stricter limits for the aspect ratio limits
943 set by the `--aspect-hint' option. This can cause some window
944 managers (for example, metacity(1)) to not allow the window to
945 be resized and moved, but is necessary to prevent others (for
946 example, fvwm(1)) from being able resize the window away from
947 square.
948 --svga-modes mode1,mode2,mode3
950 Specify which SVGA mode to use for the SVGAlib UI at different
951 screen sizes. Available values for mode1, mode2 and mode3 are
952 listed in a table, when Fuse called with --svga-modes list com‐
953 mand line option. When user select a not available mode for a
954 size, Fuse just ignore and try to find the best mode for it.
955 e.g. with --svga-modes 0,0,12 Fuse use the specified
956 1024×768×256 SVGA mode for triple size filters, but select SVGA
957 modes automatically for normal or double size filters. The
958 above mode number is just an example, and mode numbers and their
959 meanings may vary graphics card by graphics card.
960 -t file
962 --tape file
963 Specify a virtual tape file to use. It must be in PZX, TAP or
964 TZX format.
965 --teletext-addr-1 address
967 --teletext-addr-2 address
968 --teletext-addr-3 address
969 --teletext-addr-4 address
970 Specify address or hostname of teletext packet servers.
971 --teletext-port-1 port
973 --teletext-port-2 port
974 --teletext-port-3 port
975 --teletext-port-4 port
976 Specify TCP port of teletext packet servers.
977 --textfile file
979 Set the filename used for text output from the emulated print‐
980 ers. See the PRINTER EMULATION section below for more details.
981 --traps
983 Support traps for ROM tape loading/saving. (Enabled by default,
984 but you can use `--no-traps' to disable). Same as the Media Op‐
985 tions dialog's Use tape traps option.
986 --ttx2000s
988 Emulate a TTX2000S teletext adaptor. Same as the General Periph‐
989 erals Options dialog's TTX2000S option. See the TTX2000S EMULA‐
990 TION section for more details.
991 --unittests
993 This option runs a testing framework that automatically checks
994 portions of code, comparing actual results with expected ones.
995 It is meant to detect broken code before a release. There is not
996 graphical mode, the program just ends with exit code 0 if all
997 tests are good or prints error messages to stdout and ends with
998 exit code greater than 0 if there are failed tests.
999 --usource
1001 Emulate a µSource interface. Same as the General Peripherals Op‐
1002 tions dialog's µSource option.
1003 -V
1005 --version
1006 Show which version of Fuse is being used.
1007 --volume-ay volume
1009 Sets the relative volume of the AY-3-8912 chip from a range of
1010 0–100%. Same as the Sound Options dialog's AY volume option.
1011 --volume-beeper volume
1013 Sets the relative volume of the beeper from a range of 0–100%.
1014 Same as the Sound Options dialog's Beeper volume option.
1015 --volume-covox volume
1017 Sets the relative volume of the Covox from a range of 0–100%.
1018 Same as the Sound Options dialog's Covox volume option.
1019 --volume-specdrum volume
1021 Sets the relative volume of the SpecDrum from a range of 0–100%.
1022 Same as the Sound Options dialog's SpecDrum volume option.
1023 --writable-roms
1025 Allow Spectrum programs to overwrite the ROM(s). The same as the
1026 General Options dialog's Allow writes to ROM option.
1027 --zxatasp
1029 Specify whether Fuse emulate the ZXATASP interface. Same as the
1030 Disk Peripherals Options dialog's ZXATASP interface option.
1031 --zxatasp-upload
1033 Specify the state of the ZXATASP upload jumper. Same as the Disk
1034 Peripherals Options dialog's ZXATASP upload option.
1035 --zxatasp-write-protect
1037 Specify the state of the ZXATASP write protect jumper. Same as
1038 the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's ZXATASP write protect op‐
1039 tion.
1040 --zxatasp-masterfile file
1042 Specify a HDF file to connect to the emulated ZXATASP inter‐
1043 face's master channel.
1044 --zxatasp-slavefile file
1046 Specify a HDF file to connect to the emulated ZXATASP inter‐
1047 face's slave channel.
1048 --zxcf
1050 Specify whether Fuse emulate the ZXCF interface. Same as the
1051 Disk Peripherals Options dialog's ZXCF interface option.
1052 --zxcf-upload
1054 Specify the state of the ZXCF upload jumper. Same as the Disk
1055 Peripherals Options dialog's ZXCF upload option.
1056 --zxcf-cffile file
1058 Specify a HDF file to connect to the emulated ZXCF interface.
1059 --zxmmc
1061 Emulate the ZXMMC interface. The same as the Disk Peripherals
1062 Options dialog's ZXMMC interface option.
1063 --zxmmc-file file
1065 Specify an HDF image to be loaded into the ZXMMC's emulated mem‐
1066 ory card.
1067 --zxprinter
1069 Emulate the ZX Printer. Same as the General Peripherals Options
1070 dialog's ZX Printer option.
1071 All long options which control on/off settings can be disabled using
1073 `--no-foo' (for an option `--foo'). For example, the opposite of
1074 `--issue2' is `--no-issue2'. These options can also be modified while
1075 the emulator is running, using the options dialogs — see the documenta‐
1076 tion for the Options menu in the MENUS AND KEYS section for details.
1077
1079 Fuse supports various front-ends, or UIs (user interfaces). The usual
1080 one is GTK-based, but there are also SDL, Win32, Xlib, SVGAlib and
1081 framebuffer ones.
1082 The important difference to note is that GTK and Win32 versions uses
1084 `native' dialog boxes etc. (behaving like a fairly normal GUI-based
1085 program) while the others use an alternative, Fuse-specific `widget
1086 UI'. This latter front-end is easily spotted by the way it uses the
1087 main Fuse window/screen for menus and dialogs, and uses the Spectrum's
1088 own font.
1089
1091 Since many of the keys available are devoted to emulation of the Spec‐
1092 trum's keyboard, the primary way of controlling Fuse itself (rather
1093 than the emulated machine) is via the menus. There are also function
1094 key shortcuts for some menu options.
1095 In the GTK and Win32 version, the menu bar is always visible at the top
1097 of the Fuse window. You can click on a menu name to pop it up. Alterna‐
1098 tively, you can press F1 to display a pop-up version of the menu bar,
1099 which you can then navigate with the cursor keys or mouse.
1100 In the widget UI pressing F1 is the only way to get the main menu; and
1102 unlike the GTK version, the emulator pauses while the menus are being
1103 navigated. The menus show which key to press for each menu option in
1104 brackets. Pressing Esc exits a menu, and pressing Enter exits the menu
1105 system entirely (as well as `confirming' any current dialog).
1106 Here's what the menu options do, along with the function key mappings
1108 for those items which have them:
1109 F3
1111 File, Open...
1112 Open a Spectrum file. Snapshots will be loaded into memory; tape
1113 images will be inserted into the emulated tape deck, and if the
1114 Auto-load media option is set will being loading. Opening a disk
1115 image or a Timex dock image will cause the appropriate machine
1116 type (+3, Pentagon or TC2068) to be selected with the image in‐
1117 serted, and disks will automatically load if the Auto-load media
1118 option is set. See the FILE SELECTION section below for details
1119 on how to choose the file. Note that this behaviour is different
1120 from previous versions of Fuse, when this option would open only
1121 snapshots.
1122 F2
1124 File, Save Snapshot...
1125 Save a snapshot (machine state, memory contents, etc.) to file.
1126 You can select the filename to be saved to. If it has a .szx,
1127 .z80 or .sna extension, the snapshot will be saved in that for‐
1128 mat. Otherwise, it will be saved as a .szx file.
1129 File, Recording, Record...
1131 Start recording input to an RZX file, initialised from the cur‐
1132 rent emulation state. You will be prompted for a filename to
1133 use.
1134 File, Recording, Record from snapshot...
1136 Start recording input to an RZX file, initialised from a snap‐
1137 shot. You will first be asked for the snapshot to use and then
1138 the file to save the recording to.
1139 File, Recording, Continue recording...
1141 Continue recording input into an existing RZX file from the last
1142 recorded state. Finalised recordings cannot be resumed. You will
1143 be prompted for the recording to continue.
1144 Insert
1146 File, Recording, Insert snapshot
1147 Inserts a snapshot of the current state into the RZX file. This
1148 can be used at a later point to roll back to the inserted state
1149 by using one of the commands below.
1150 Delete
1152 File, Recording, Rollback
1153 Rolls back the recording to the point at which the previous
1154 snapshot was inserted. Recording will continue from that point.
1155 File, Recording, Rollback to...
1157 Roll back the recording to any snapshot which has been inserted
1158 into the recording.
1159 File, Recording, Play...
1161 Playback recorded input from an RZX file. This lets you replay
1162 keypresses recorded previously. RZX files generally contain a
1163 snapshot with the Spectrum's state at the start of the record‐
1164 ing; if the selected RZX file doesn't, you'll be prompted for a
1165 snapshot to load as well.
1166 File, Recording, Stop
1168 Stop any currently-recording/playing RZX file.
1169 File, Recording, Finalise...
1171 Compact an RZX file. Any interspersed snapshot will be removed
1172 and the recording cannot be continued. All action replays sub‐
1173 mitted to the RZX Archive should be finalised.
1174 File, AY Logging, Record...
1176 Start recording the bytes output via the AY-3-8912 sound chip to
1177 a PSG file. You will be prompted for a filename to save the
1178 recording to.
1179 File, AY Logging, Stop
1181 Stop any current AY logging.
1182 File, Screenshot, Open SCR Screenshot...
1184 Load an SCR screenshot (essentially just a binary dump of the
1185 Spectrum's video memory) onto the current screen. Fuse supports
1186 screenshots saved in the Timex hi-colour and hi-res modes as
1187 well as `normal' Spectrum screens, and will make a simple con‐
1188 version if a hi-colour or hi-res screenshot is loaded onto a
1189 non-Timex machine.
1190 File, Screenshot, Save Screen as SCR...
1192 Save a copy of whatever's currently displayed on the Spectrum's
1193 screen as an SCR file. You will be prompted for a filename to
1194 save the screenshot to.
1195 File, Screenshot, Open MLT Screenshot...
1197 Load an MLT screenshot onto the current screen. The MLT format
1198 is similar to the SCR format but additionally supports capturing
1199 images that use techniques to display more than two colours in
1200 each Spectrum attribute square. Fuse will only load the bitmap
1201 version of an image on a Sinclair machine but on a Timex clone
1202 it can show the full colour detail captured in the image by us‐
1203 ing the hi-colour mode.
1204 File, Screenshot, Save Screen as MLT...
1206 Save a copy of whatever's currently displayed on the Spectrum's
1207 screen as an MLT file. You will be prompted for a filename to
1208 save the screenshot to.
1209 File, Screenshot, Save Screen as PNG...
1211 Save the current screen as a PNG file. You will be prompted for
1212 a filename to save the screenshot to.
1213 File, Scalable Vector Graphics, Start capture in line mode...
1215 Start trapping the video output functions present in ROM to copy
1216 the picture to SVG files, thus creating vectorized scalable pic‐
1217 ture; it is expected to be fully operational in BASIC only, but
1218 few machine code programs could work, if they use the ROM ad‐
1219 dresses to output text or graphics. The initial picture size is
1220 256×176, but it is increased everytime a `scroll' happens. On
1221 every CLS a new file will be created, with an increasing se‐
1222 quence number. CIRCLEs will be described as a sequence of lines,
1223 so the original `imprecisions' will be still visible. The text
1224 output will be fully understood and decoded: normal ASCII char‐
1225 acters will be converted into COURIER scalable fonts, UDG graph‐
1226 ics into dot matrix areas, GRAPHICS blocky characters into small
1227 squares. A slightly transparent output permits to show a bit of
1228 the overlapped text and graphics elements. Lower portion of the
1229 screen (normally bound to stream #0 and #1) won't be captured.
1230 File, Scalable Vector Graphics, Start capture in dot mode...
1232 As above, but line capture is disabled. A line will be rendered
1233 as a sequence of dots.
1234 File, Scalable Vector Graphics, Stop capture
1236 Stop the SVG capture function.
1237 File, Movie, Record...
1239 Fuse can record movie (video and audio) into a file with special
1240 format which can be converted later to a common video file for‐
1241 mat with the fmfconv(1) utility. You will be prompted for a
1242 filename to save video. Please see MOVIE RECORDING section.
1243 File, Movie, Record from RZX...
1245 Start movie recording and RZX playback at the same time. You
1246 will be prompted for a filename to play from and a filename to
1247 save video.
1248 File, Movie, Pause
1250 Pause movie recording which is currently in progress.
1251 File, Movie, Continue
1253 Resume movie recording which has been previously paused.
1254 File, Movie, Stop
1256 Stop movie recording which is currently in progress.
1257 File, Load Binary Data...
1259 Load binary data from a file into the Spectrum's memory. After
1260 selecting the file to load data from, you can choose where to
1261 load the data and how much data to load.
1262 File, Save Binary Data...
1264 Save an arbitrary chunk of the Spectrum's memory to a file. Se‐
1265 lect the file you wish to save to, followed by the location and
1266 length of data you wish to save.
1267 F10
1269 File, Exit
1270 Exit the emulator. A confirmation dialog will appear checking
1271 you actually want to do this.
1272 F4
1274 Options, General...
1275 Display the General Options dialog, letting you configure Fuse.
1276 (With the widget UI, the keys shown in brackets toggle the op‐
1277 tions, Enter confirms any changes, and Esc aborts). Note that
1278 any changed settings only apply to the currently-running Fuse.
1279 The options available are:
1281 Emulation speed
1283 Set how fast Fuse will attempt to emulate the Spectrum,
1284 as a percentage of the speed at which the real machine
1285 runs. If your machine isn't fast enough to keep up with
1286 the requested speed, Fuse will just run as fast as it
1287 can. Note that if the emulation speed is faster than
1288 500%, no sound output will be produced.
1289 Frame rate
1291 Specify the frame rate, the ratio of spectrum frame up‐
1292 dates to real frame updates. This is useful if your ma‐
1293 chine is having trouble keeping up with the spectrum
1294 screen updates.
1295 Issue 2 keyboard
1297 Early versions of the Spectrum used a different value for
1298 unused bits on the keyboard input ports, and a few games
1299 depended on the old value of these bits. Enabling this
1300 option switches to the old value, to let you run them.
1301 Recreated ZX Spectrum
1303 Enable the use of a Recreated ZX Spectrum in `Layer A'
1304 (game) mode. This is a Bluetooth keyboard that can be
1305 paired to the device where Fuse is running.
1306 Use shift with arrow keys
1308 Treat the keyboard arrow keys as shifted like the ZX
1309 Spectrum+ keyboard's arrow keys or as unshifted like a
1310 cursor joystick that maps to the 5, 6, 7 and 8 keys.
1311 Allow writes to ROM
1313 If this option is selected, Fuse will happily allow pro‐
1314 grams to overwrite what would normally be ROM. This prob‐
1315 ably isn't very useful in most circumstances, especially
1316 as the 48K ROM overwrites parts of itself.
1317 Late timings
1319 If selected, Fuse will cause all screen-related timings
1320 (for example, when the screen is rendered and when memory
1321 contention occurs) to be one tstate later than “normal”,
1322 an effect which is present on some real hardware.
1323 Z80 is CMOS
1325 If selected, Fuse will emulate a CMOS Z80, as opposed to
1326 an NMOS Z80. The undocumented `OUT (C),0' instruction
1327 will be replaced with `OUT (C),255' and emulation of a
1328 minor timing bug in the NMOS Z80's `LD A,I' and `LD A,R'
1329 instructions will be disabled.
1330 RS-232 handshake
1332 If you turn this option off, Fuse assumes the RS-232 line
1333 other end is live when you connect the communication
1334 channels. See also the `--rs232-rx' and `--rs232-tx' op‐
1335 tions.
1336 Black and white TV
1338 This option allows you to choose whether to simulate a
1339 colour or black and white television. This is effective
1340 only under the GTK, Win32, Xlib and SDL user interfaces:
1341 the others will always simulate a colour TV.
1342 PAL-TV use TV2x effect
1344 This option allows you to choose whether the PAL TV 2x
1345 and higher scalers also reproduce scanlines in the same
1346 way as the TV 2x, TV 3x and Timex TV scalers.
1347 Show statusbar
1349 For the GTK and Win32 UI, enables the statusbar beneath
1350 the display. For the SDL UI, enables the status icons
1351 showing whether the disk and tape are being accessed.
1352 This option has no effect for the other user interfaces.
1353 Snap joystick prompt
1355 If set, Fuse will prompt you which physical joystick or
1356 keyboard you want to connect to the joystick interface
1357 enabled in the snapshot unless it already matches your
1358 current configuration.
1359 Confirm actions
1361 Specify whether `dangerous' actions (those which could
1362 cause data loss, for example resetting the Spectrum) re‐
1363 quire confirmation before occurring.
1364 Auto-save settings
1366 If this option is selected, Fuse will automatically write
1367 its currently selected options to its configuration file
1368 on exit (either in xml format if libxml2 was available
1369 when Fuse was compiled or plain text). If this option is
1370 off, you'll have to manually use Options, Save afterwards
1371 to ensure that this setting gets written to Fuse's con‐
1372 figuration file. Note that if you turn this option on,
1373 loading a snapshot could enable peripherals that would be
1374 written permanently to the configuration file.
1375 Options, Media...
1377 Display the Media Options dialog, letting you configure Fuse's
1378 tape and Microdrive options. (With the widget UI, the keys shown
1379 in brackets toggle the options, Enter confirms any changes, and
1380 Esc aborts). Note that any changed settings only apply to the
1381 currently-running Fuse.
1382 Auto-load media
1384 On many occasions when you open a tape or disk file, it's
1385 because it's got a program in you want to load and run.
1386 If this option is selected, this will automatically hap‐
1387 pen for you when you open one of these files using the
1388 File, Open... menu option — you must then use the Media
1389 menu to use tapes or disks for saving data to, or for
1390 loading data into an already running program.
1391 Detect loaders
1393 If this option is enabled, Fuse will attempt to detect
1394 when a loading routine is in progress, and then automati‐
1395 cally start the virtual tape to load the program in. This
1396 is done by using a heuristic to identify a loading rou‐
1397 tine, so is by no means infallible, but works in most
1398 cases.
1399 Phantom typist mode
1401 Specify the keystroke sequence that the "phantom typist"
1402 should use when starting a program loading. Available op‐
1403 tions are
1404 Auto
1406 Keyword
1408 Keystroke
1410 Menu
1412 Plus 2A
1414 Plus 3
1416 The first four of these correspond to automatic detection
1418 based on machine model, keyword based entry, keystroke
1419 based entry, and selection from a 128K style menu. Plus
1420 2A and Plus 3 also correspond to selection from a 128K
1421 style menu, but have special handling for games which
1422 need to be loaded with `LOAD ""CODE'. The most likely use
1423 for this option will be use Keystroke if you have changed
1424 the default 48K ROM for one with keystroke entry.
1425 Fastloading
1427 If this option is enabled, then Fuse will run at the
1428 fastest possible speed when the virtual tape is playing,
1429 thus dramatically reducing the time it takes to load pro‐
1430 grams. You may wish to disable this option if you wish to
1431 stop the tape at a specific point.
1432 Use tape traps
1434 Ordinarily, Fuse intercepts calls to the ROM tape-loading
1435 routine in order to load from tape files more quickly
1436 when possible. But this can (rarely) interfere with TZX
1437 loading; disabling this option avoids the problem at the
1438 cost of slower (i.e. always real-time) tape-loading.
1439 When tape-loading traps are disabled, you need to start
1440 tape playback manually, by pressing F8 or choosing the
1441 Media, Tape, Play menu item. Fuse also uses tape traps to
1442 intercept the tape-saving routine in the ROM to save tape
1443 files quickly, tapes can also be saved using the Media,
1444 Tape, Record Start menu item.
1445 Accelerate loaders
1447 If this option is enabled, then Fuse will attempt to ac‐
1448 celerate tape loaders by “short circuiting” the loading
1449 loop. This will in general speed up loading, but may
1450 cause some loaders to fail.
1451 Use .slt traps
1453 The multi-load aspect of SLT files requires a trap in‐
1454 struction to be supported. This instruction is not gener‐
1455 ally used except for this trap, but since it's not incon‐
1456 ceivable that a program could be wanting to use the real
1457 instruction instead, you can choose whether to support
1458 the trap or not.
1459 MDR cartridge len
1461 This option controls the number of blocks in a new Micro‐
1462 drive cartridge. If the value smaller than 10 or greater
1463 than 254 Fuse assumes 10 or 254. Average real capacity
1464 is around 180 blocks (90 Kb).
1465 Random length MDR cartridge
1467 If this option is enabled, Fuse will use a random Micro‐
1468 drive cartridge length (around 180 blocks) instead of the
1469 length specified in the MDR cartridge len option.
1470 Options, Sound...
1472 Display the Sound Options dialog, letting you configure Fuse's
1473 sound output. (With the widget UI, the keys shown in brackets
1474 toggle the options, Enter confirms any changes, and Esc aborts).
1475 Note that any changed settings only apply to the currently-run‐
1476 ning Fuse.
1477 Sound enabled
1479 Specify whether sound output should be enabled at all.
1480 When this option is disabled, Fuse will not make any
1481 sound.
1482 Loading sound
1484 Normally, Fuse emulates tape-loading noise when loading
1485 from PZXs, TAPs or TZXs in real-time, albeit at a delib‐
1486 erately lower volume than on a real Spectrum. You can
1487 disable this option to eliminate the loading noise en‐
1488 tirely.
1489 AY stereo separation
1491 By default, the sound output is mono, since this is all
1492 you got from an unmodified Spectrum. But enabling this
1493 option gives you so-called ACB stereo (for sound from the
1494 128 and other clone's AY-3-8912 sound chip).
1495 Force 8-bit
1497 Force the use of 8-bit sound even if 16-bit (the default)
1498 is available. Note that (when the option is enabled) if
1499 8-bit sound isn't available then there will be no sound
1500 at all, so it's best not to use this option unless you
1501 have a specific need for it.
1502 Speaker type
1504 This option allows the emulation of the sound output sys‐
1505 tem to be modified. Different choices of speaker limit
1506 the bass and treble response that can be produced from
1507 the machine. Choose between a “TV” type speaker and a
1508 small “Beeper” type speaker that significantly limits
1509 bass and treble response. Choose “Unfiltered” to get un‐
1510 modified (but less accurate) sound output.
1511 AY volume
1513 Sets the relative volume of the AY-3-8912 chip from a
1514 range of 0–100%.
1515 Beeper volume
1517 Sets the relative volume of the beeper from a range of
1518 0–100%.
1519 Covox volume
1521 Sets the relative volume of the Covox from a range of
1522 0–100%.
1523 SpecDrum volume
1525 Sets the relative volume of the SpecDrum from a range of
1526 0–100%.
1527 Options, Peripherals, General...
1529 Display the General Peripherals Options dialog, letting you con‐
1530 figure the peripherals which Fuse will consider to be attached
1531 to the emulated machine. (With the widget UI, the keys shown in
1532 brackets toggle the options, Enter confirms any changes, and Esc
1533 aborts). Note that any changed settings only apply to the cur‐
1534 rently-running Fuse. Also note that any changes that enable and
1535 disable peripherals may result in a hard reset of the emulated
1536 machine.
1537 Kempston joystick
1539 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Kempston
1540 joystick interface (probably the most widely supported
1541 type on the Spectrum). Note that this option is basi‐
1542 cally equivalent to plugging the interface itself into a
1543 Spectrum, not to connecting a joystick; this affects how
1544 the Spectrum responds to a read of input port 31. To use
1545 a Kempston joystick in a game, this option must be en‐
1546 abled, and you must also select a Kempston joystick the
1547 Options, Joysticks menu.
1548 Kempston mouse
1550 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Kempston
1551 mouse interface.
1552 If you're using Fuse full-screen, your mouse is automati‐
1554 cally used as if attached to the Kempston interface. Oth‐
1555 erwise, you'll need to click on the Spectrum display in
1556 order to tell Fuse to grab the pointer (and make it in‐
1557 visible); to tell Fuse to release it, click the middle
1558 button (or wheel) or press Escape.
1559 With the framebuffer UI, Fuse prefers to use GPM; if this
1561 is not available, it will fall back to built-in PS/2
1562 mouse support. In this mode, it tries /dev/input/mice,
1563 /dev/mouse then /dev/psaux, stopping when it successfully
1564 opens one. The first of these is preferred since (at
1565 least on Linux, with a 2.6-series kernel) any type of
1566 mouse can be used and any connected mouse may be used.
1567 Swap mouse buttons
1569 If this option is enabled, the left and right mouse but‐
1570 tons will be swapped when emulating a Kempston mouse.
1571 Fuller Box
1573 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Fuller
1574 Box AY sound and joystick interface. This emulation is
1575 only available for the 16k, 48k and TC2048 machines.
1576 Melodik
1578 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Melodik
1579 AY sound interface. These interfaces and many similar
1580 ones were produced to make the 48K Spectrum compatible
1581 with the same AY music as the 128K Spectrum. This emula‐
1582 tion is only available for the 16k, 48k and TC2048 ma‐
1583 chines.
1584 Interface 1
1586 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the simple
1587 Sinclair Interface 1, and allow Microdrive cartridges to
1588 be connected and disconnected via the Media, Interface 1,
1589 Microdrive menus. It also enables support for the Inter‐
1590 face 1 RS-232 interface.
1591 Interface 2
1593 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a cartridge
1594 port as found on the Interface 2. Cartridges can then be
1595 inserted and removed via the Media, Cartridge, Inter‐
1596 face 2 menu. Note that the Pentagon, Scorpion, Inter‐
1597 face 2, ZXATASP and ZXCF all use the same hardware mecha‐
1598 nism for accessing some of their extended features, so
1599 only one of these should be selected at once or unpre‐
1600 dictable behaviour will occur.
1601 Multiface One
1603 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the Roman‐
1604 tic Robot Multiface One. Available for 16K, 48K and
1605 Timex TC2048 machines.
1606 Multiface 128
1608 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the Roman‐
1609 tic Robot Multiface 128. Available for 16K, 48K, Timex
1610 TC2048, 128K, +2 and SE machines.
1611 Multiface 3
1613 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the Roman‐
1614 tic Robot Multiface 3. Available for +2A, +3 and +3e ma‐
1615 chines.
1616 Stealth Multiface One
1618 This option controls the `invisible' or `stealth' mode of
1619 Multiface One, as the physical switch on the side of the
1620 interface.
1621 Emulate printers
1623 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a printer.
1624 See the PRINTER EMULATION section for more details.
1625 ZX Printer
1627 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the ZX
1628 Printer. See the PRINTER EMULATION section for more de‐
1629 tails.
1630 SpeccyBoot interface
1632 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Speccy‐
1633 Boot interface which allows booting a ZX Spectrum over an
1634 Ethernet network. See the SpeccyBoot web page at
1635 http://patrikpersson.github.io/speccyboot/ for more de‐
1636 tails.
1637 SpecDrum interface
1639 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Cheetah
1640 SpecDrum sound interface. See the World of Spectrum In‐
1641 foseek web page at http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infos‐
1642 eekid.cgi?id=1000062 for manuals, software and more. This
1643 emulation is only available for the 48k, 128k and TC2048
1644 machines.
1645 Spectranet
1647 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the Spec‐
1648 tranet interface, which provides an Ethernet interface
1649 for the Spectrum. See the SPECTRANET EMULATION section
1650 for more details.
1651 Spectranet disable
1653 This option controls the state of the Spectranet auto‐
1654 matic page-in jumper (J2). See the SPECTRANET EMULATION
1655 section for more details.
1656 TTX2000S
1658 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the
1659 OEL/Volex TTX2000S teletext adaptor. Available for the
1660 16K and 48K machines. See the TTX2000S EMULATION section
1661 for more details.
1662 µSource
1664 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Currah
1665 µSource interface. See the World of Spectrum Infoseek
1666 web page at http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infos‐
1667 eekid.cgi?id=1000080 for the manual.
1668 Covox interface
1670 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Covox
1671 digital sound interface. This emulation is only available
1672 for the Pentagon, Pentagon 512k, Pentagon 1024k and Scor‐
1673 pion machines. The Pentagon variants use port 0xfb and
1674 the Scorpion version uses port 0xdd.
1675 Options, Peripherals, Disk...
1677 Display the Disk Peripherals Options dialog, letting you config‐
1678 ure the disk interface peripherals which Fuse will consider to
1679 be attached to the emulated machine. (With the widget UI, the
1680 keys shown in brackets toggle the options, Enter confirms any
1681 changes, and Esc aborts). Note that any changed settings only
1682 apply to the currently-running Fuse. Also note that any changes
1683 that enable and disable peripherals may result in a hard reset
1684 of the emulated machine.
1685 Simple 8-bit IDE
1687 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the simple
1688 8-bit IDE interface as used by the Spectrum +3e, and al‐
1689 low hard disks to be connected and disconnected via the
1690 Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit menu.
1691 ZXATASP interface
1693 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the ZXATASP
1694 interface, which provides both additional RAM and an IDE
1695 interface. See the ZXATASP AND ZXCF section for more de‐
1696 tails.
1697 ZXATASP upload
1699 This option controls the state of the ZXATASP upload
1700 jumper. See the ZXATASP AND ZXCF section for more de‐
1701 tails.
1702 ZXATASP write protect
1704 This option controls the state of the ZXATASP write pro‐
1705 tect jumper. See the ZXATASP AND ZXCF section for more
1706 details.
1707 ZXCF interface
1709 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the ZXCF
1710 interface, which provides both additional RAM and a Com‐
1711 pactFlash interface. See the ZXATASP AND ZXCF section for
1712 more details.
1713 ZXCF upload
1715 This option controls the state of the ZXCF upload jumper.
1716 See the ZXATASP AND ZXCF section for more details.
1717 ZXMMC interface
1719 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the ZXMMC
1720 interface. Available for +2A, +3 and +3e machines.
1721 DivIDE interface
1723 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the DivIDE
1724 interface. See the DIVIDE section for more details.
1725 DivIDE write protect
1727 This option controls the state of the DivIDE write pro‐
1728 tection jumper. See the DIVIDE section for more details.
1729 DivMMC interface
1731 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the DivMMC
1732 interface. See the DIVMMC section for more details.
1733 DivMMC write protect
1735 This option controls the state of the DivMMC write pro‐
1736 tection jumper that prevents flashing the EEPROM chip.
1737 See the DIVMMC section for more details.
1738 +D interface
1740 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the +D in‐
1741 terface. See the +D EMULATION section for more details.
1742 Didaktik 80 interface
1744 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the Didak‐
1745 tik 80 (or Didaktik 40) interface. See the DIDAKTIK 80
1746 EMULATION section for more details.
1747 DISCiPLE interface
1749 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the DISCi‐
1750 PLE interface. See the DISCIPLE EMULATION section for
1751 more details.
1752 Beta 128 interface
1754 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the
1755 Beta 128 interface. See the BETA 128 EMULATION section
1756 for more details. Beta 128 emulation is enabled for the
1757 Pentagon and Scorpion machines regardless of this option.
1758 Beta 128 auto-boot in 48K machines
1760 If this option is selected, then when a Beta 128 inter‐
1761 face is used in 48K or TC2048 emulation, the machine will
1762 boot directly into the TR-DOS system.
1763 Opus Discovery interface
1765 If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the Opus
1766 Discovery interface. See the OPUS DISCOVERY EMULATION
1767 section for more details.
1768 Options, RZX...
1770 Display the RZX Options dialog, letting you configure how Fuse's
1771 deals with RZX input recordings. (With the widget UI, the keys
1772 shown in brackets toggle the options, Enter confirms any
1773 changes, and Esc aborts). Note that any changed settings only
1774 apply to the currently-running Fuse.
1775 Create autosaves
1777 If this option is selected, Fuse will add a snapshot into
1778 the recording stream every 5 seconds while creating an
1779 RZX file, thus enabling the rollback facilities to be
1780 used without having to explicitly add snapshots into the
1781 stream. Older snapshots will be pruned from the stream to
1782 keep the file size and number of snapshots down: each
1783 snapshot up to 15 seconds will be kept, then one snapshot
1784 every 15 seconds until one minute, then one snapshot ev‐
1785 ery minute until 5 minutes, and then one snapshot every
1786 5 minutes. Note that this “pruning” applies only to auto‐
1787 matically inserted snapshots: snapshots manually inserted
1788 into the stream will never be pruned.
1789 Compress RZX data
1791 If this option is selected, and zlib was available when
1792 Fuse was compiled, any RZX files written by Fuse will be
1793 compressed. This is generally a good thing as it makes
1794 the files significantly smaller, and you probably want to
1795 turn it off only if you're debugging the RZX files or
1796 there's some other program which doesn't support com‐
1797 pressed RZX files.
1798 Competition mode
1800 Any input recordings which are started when this option
1801 is selected will be made in `competition mode'. In es‐
1802 sence, this means that Fuse will act just like a real
1803 Spectrum would: you can't load snapshots, pause the emu‐
1804 lation in any way, change the speed or anything that you
1805 couldn't do on the real machine. If any of these things
1806 are attempted, or if the emulated Fuse is running more
1807 than 5% faster or slower than normal Spectrum speed, then
1808 the recording will immediately be stopped.
1809 If libgcrypt was available when Fuse was compiled, then
1811 recordings made with competition mode active will be dig‐
1812 itally signed, in theory to `certify' that it was made
1813 with the above restrictions in place. However, this pro‐
1814 cedure is not secure (and cannot be made so), so the
1815 presence of any signature on an RZX file should not be
1816 taken as providing proof that it was made with competi‐
1817 tion mode active. This feature is included in Fuse
1818 solely as it was one of the requirements for Fuse to be
1819 used in an on-line tournament.
1820 Competition code
1822 The numeric code entered here will be written into any
1823 RZX files made in competition mode. This is another fea‐
1824 ture for on-line tournaments which can be used to `prove'
1825 that the recording was made after a specific code was re‐
1826 leased. If you're not playing in such a tournament, you
1827 can safely ignore this option.
1828 Always embed snapshot
1830 Specify whether a snapshot should be embedded in an RZX
1831 file when recording is started from an existing snapshot.
1832 Options, Movie...
1834 Display the Movie Options dialog, letting you configure how
1835 Fuse's deals with movie recordings.
1836 Movie compression
1838 This option set the compression level to None, Lossless
1839 or High. (See the MOVIE RECORDING section for more infor‐
1840 mation).
1841 Stop recording after RZX ends
1843 If this option is selected, Fuse will stop any movie
1844 recording after an RZX playback is finished.
1845 Options, Joysticks
1847 Fuse can emulate many of the common types of joystick which were
1848 available for the Spectrum. The input for these emulated joy‐
1849 sticks can be taken from real joysticks attached to the emulat‐
1850 ing machine (configured via the Options, Joysticks, Joy‐
1851 stick 1... and Options, Joysticks, Joystick 2... options), or
1852 from the q, a, o, p, and Space keys on the emulating machines
1853 keyboard, configured via the Options, Joysticks, Keyboard...
1854 option. Note that when using the keyboard to emulate a joystick,
1855 the q, a, o, p, and Space keys will not have their normal effect
1856 (to avoid problems with games which do things like use p for
1857 pause when using a joystick).
1858 Each of the joysticks (including the `fake' keyboard joystick)
1860 can be configured to emulate any one of the following joystick
1861 types:
1862 None
1864 No joystick: any input will simply be ignored.
1865 Cursor
1867 A cursor joystick, equivalent to pressing 5
1868 (left), 6 (down), 7 (up), 8 (right), and 0 (fire).
1869 Kempston
1871 A Kempston joystick, read from input port 31. Note
1872 that the Options, Peripherals, General, Kempston
1873 interface option must also be set for the input to
1874 be recognised.
1875 Sinclair 1
1877 Sinclair 2
1878 The `left' and `right' Sinclair joysticks, equiva‐
1879 lent to pressing 1 (left), 2 (right), 3 (down), 4
1880 (up), and 5 (fire), or 6 (left), 7 (right), 8
1881 (down), 9 (up), and 0 (fire) respectively.
1882 Timex 1
1884 Timex 2
1885 The `left' and `right' joysticks as attached to
1886 the Timex 2068 variant's built-in joystick inter‐
1887 face.
1888 For the real joysticks, it is also possible to configure what
1890 effect each button on the joystick will have: this can be Joy‐
1891 stick Fire, equivalent to pressing the emulated joystick's fire
1892 button, Nothing, meaning to have no effect, or any Spectrum key,
1893 meaning that pressing that button will be equivalent to pressing
1894 that Spectrum key.
1895 Options, Select ROMs, Machine ROMs
1897 An individual dialog is available for each Spectrum variant emu‐
1898 lated by Fuse which allows selection of the ROM(s) used by that
1899 machine. Simply select the ROM you wish to use, and then reset
1900 the Spectrum for the change to take effect.
1901 Options, Select ROMs, Peripheral ROMs
1903 The same as the Machine ROMs menu, but an individual dialog is
1904 available for peripherals that need a ROM. Simply select the ROM
1905 you wish to use, and then reset the Spectrum for the change to
1906 take effect.
1907 Options, Filter...
1909 Select the graphics filter currently in use. See the GRAPHICS
1910 FILTERS section for more details.
1911 F11
1913 Options, Full Screen
1914 Switch Fuse between full screen and windowed mode. This menu is
1915 only available under the SDL UI.
1916 Options, Disk Options...
1918 When emulating disk drives, Fuse allows the specification of the
1919 physical drive units attached to the emulated interface. Each
1920 drive can be set to be one of the following types:
1921 Disabled
1923 Single-sided 40 track
1925 Double-sided 40 track
1927 Single-sided 80 track
1929 Double-sided 80 track
1931 The Disabled option is not supported for Drive 1 or Drive A of
1933 any interface.
1934 The available options that can be set are:
1936 +3 Drive A
1938 Defaults to a single-sided 40 track drive.
1939 +3 Drive B
1941 Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1942 +3 Detect Speedlock
1944 Specify whether the +3 drives try to detect Speedlock
1945 protected disks, and emulate `weak' sectors. If the disk
1946 image file (EDSK or UDI) contains weak sector data, than
1947 Speedlock detection is automatically omitted. See also
1948 the WEAK DISK DATA section.
1949 Beta 128 Drive A
1951 Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1952 Beta 128 Drive B
1954 Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1955 Beta 128 Drive C
1957 Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1958 Beta 128 Drive D
1960 Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1961 +D Drive 1
1963 Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1964 +D Drive 2
1966 Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1967 Didaktik 80 Drive A
1969 Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1970 Didaktik 80 Drive B
1972 Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1973 DISCiPLE Drive 1
1975 Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1976 DISCiPLE Drive 2
1978 Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1979 Opus Drive 1
1981 Defaults to a single-sided 40 track drive.
1982 Opus Drive 2
1984 Defaults to a single-sided 40 track drive.
1985 Try merge 'B' side of disks
1987 This option prompts the user to confirm whether Fuse
1988 should try to merge the `B' side of a disk image from a
1989 separate file when opening a new single-sided disk image.
1990 Confirm merge disk sides
1992 Select whether Fuse should try to merge a separate file
1993 for the `B' side of a disk image separate file when open‐
1994 ing a new disk image. Most double sided disk images are
1995 dumped as two single sided disk images e.g. `Golden Axe
1996 - Side A.dsk' and `Golden Axe - Side B.dsk'. So, if we
1997 want to play Golden Axe, first we have to insert the
1998 first disk image and when the game asks to insert side B,
1999 we have to find and open the second disk image, instead
2000 of just `flip'-ing the disk inside the drive. If enabled,
2001 Fuse will try to open the second image too and create a
2002 double sided disk image (merging the two one sided disk
2003 images) and insert this merged virtual disk into the disk
2004 drive. The function detects whether the file is one side
2005 of a double-sided image if the filename matches a pattern
2006 like [Ss]ide[ _][abAB12][ _.] in the file name of a disk
2007 that is being opened. If found, Fuse will try to open the
2008 other side of the disk too substituting the appropriate
2009 characters in the filename e.g. 1→2, a→b, A→B. If suc‐
2010 cessful then it will merge the two images and now we have
2011 a double sided disk in drive. This means that if we open
2012 `Golden Axe - Side A.dsk', then Fuse will try to open
2013 `Golden Axe - Side B.dsk' too. Now, we can just `flip'
2014 the disk if Golden Axe asks for `Side B'. The available
2015 options are Never, With single-sided drives and Always.
2016 Options, Save
2018 This will cause Fuse's current options to be written to .fuserc
2019 in your home directory (Unix-like systems), or fuse.cfg in your
2020 %USERPROFILE% folder (Windows), from which they will be picked
2021 up again when Fuse is restarted. The best way to update this
2022 file is by using this option, but it's a simple XML file if
2023 libxml2 was available when Fuse was compiled (otherwise, plain
2024 text), and shouldn't be too hard to edit by hand if you really
2025 want to.
2026 Pause
2028 Machine, Pause
2029 Pause or unpause emulation. This option is available only under
2030 the GTK and Win32 UIs; to pause the other user interfaces, sim‐
2031 ply press F1 to bring up the main menu.
2032 F5
2034 Machine, Reset
2035 Reset the emulated Spectrum.
2036 Machine, Hard reset
2038 Reset the emulated Spectrum. A hard reset is equivalent to turn‐
2039 ing the Spectrum's power off, and then turning it back on.
2040 F9
2042 Machine, Select...
2043 Choose a type of Spectrum to emulate. An brief overview of the
2044 Sinclair, Amstrad and Timex can be found at
2045 http://www.nvg.ntnu.no/sinclair/computers/zxspectrum/zxspec‐
2046 trum.htm while more technical information can be found at
2047 http://www.worldofspectrum.org/faq/reference/reference.htm, and
2048 http://www.worldofspectrum.org/faq/reference/tmxreference.htm.
2049 Spectrum 16K
2051 Spectrum 48K
2052 The original machines as released by Sinclair in 1982
2053 with 16 or 48K of RAM respectively.
2054 Spectrum 48K (NTSC)
2056 The NTSC 48K machine released in limited numbers in parts
2057 of South America.
2058 Spectrum 128K
2060 The 128K machine as released by Sinclair in 1985 (Spain)
2061 or 1986 (UK).
2062 Spectrum +2
2064 The first machine released by Amstrad, in 1986. From an
2065 emulation point of view, the +2 is virtually identical to
2066 the 128K.
2067 Spectrum +2A
2069 Spectrum +3
2070 The two machines released by Amstrad in 1988. Technically
2071 very similar to each other, except that the +3 features a
2072 3″ disk drive while the +2A does not.
2073 Spectrum +3e
2075 A +3 with modified ROMs allowing access to IDE hard disks
2076 via the simple 8-bit interface, as activated from the Op‐
2077 tions, Peripherals, Disk... dialog. See
2078 http://www.worldofspectrum.org/zxplus3e/ for more de‐
2079 tails.
2080 Timex TC2048
2082 Timex TC2068
2083 The variants of the Spectrum as released by Timex in Por‐
2084 tugal.
2085 Timex TS2068
2087 The variant of the Spectrum released by Timex in North
2088 America.
2089 Pentagon 128K
2091 Russian clone of the Spectrum. There were many different
2092 machines called Pentagon from 1989 to 2006, this machine
2093 corresponds to a 1991 era Pentagon 128K with the optional
2094 AY sound chip and the integrated Beta 128 disk interface,
2095 and is the version of the machine most often emulated.
2096 More technical details can be found at http://www.world‐
2097 ofspectrum.org/rusfaq/index.html,
2098 Pentagon 512K
2100 Pentagon 1024K
2101 Newer versions of the Pentagon Russian Spectrum clones
2102 which incorporate more memory and the “Mr Gluk Reset Ser‐
2103 vice” ROM offering a more powerful firmware.
2104 Scorpion ZS 256
2106 Another Russian clone of the Spectrum. Some details can
2107 be found at http://www.worldofspectrum.org/rusfaq/in‐
2108 dex.html. Like all the Russian clones, they have built
2109 in 3.5″ disk drives, accessed via the Beta 128 disk in‐
2110 terface and TR-DOS (the Technology Research Disk Operat‐
2111 ing System). The most important distinction from the Pen‐
2112 tagon 128k and similar machines is the display timing de‐
2113 tails.
2114 Spectrum SE
2116 A recent variant designed by Andrew Owen and Jarek
2117 Adamski, which is possibly best thought of as a cross be‐
2118 tween the 128K machine and the Timex variants, allowing
2119 272K of RAM to be accessed. Some more details are avail‐
2120 able at http://www.worldofspectrum.org/faq/refer‐
2121 ence/sereference.htm and documentation of the extended
2122 BASIC is available at https://github.com/cheveron/seba‐
2123 sic4/wiki. The bug tracker for the BASIC is at
2124 https://github.com/cheveron/sebasic4/issues?state=open.
2125 Machine, Debugger...
2127 Start the monitor/debugger. See the MONITOR/DEBUGGER section for
2128 more information.
2129 Machine, Poke Finder...
2131 Start the `poke finder'. See the POKE FINDER section for more
2132 information.
2133 Machine, Poke Memory...
2135 Allow one to use multiface POKEs for things such as infinite
2136 lives. See the POKE MEMORY section for more information.
2137 Machine, Memory Browser...
2139 Start the memory browser. It should be fairly obvious what this
2140 does; perhaps the only thing worth noting is that emulation is
2141 paused until you close the window.
2142 Machine, NMI
2144 Sends a non-maskable interrupt to the emulated Spectrum. Due to
2145 a typo in the standard 48K ROM, this will cause a reset, but
2146 modified ROMs are available which make use of this feature. When
2147 the +D (or DISCiPLE) is emulated, this is used to access the +D
2148 (or DISCiPLE)'s screenshot and snapshot features (see the +D EM‐
2149 ULATION and DISCIPLE EMULATION sections below). For the DISCi‐
2150 PLE, Caps Shift must be held down whilst pressing the NMI but‐
2151 ton. For some UIs, this may be tricky, or even impossible to
2152 do. Note that GDOS on the DISCiPLE contains a bug which causes
2153 corruption of saved snapshots, and a failure to return from the
2154 NMI menu correctly. This bug is not present in G+DOS on the +D.
2155 Machine, Multiface Red Button
2157 Presses the Multiface One/128/3 red button to active the inter‐
2158 face.
2159 Machine, Didaktik SNAP
2161 Presses the Didaktik 80 (or Didaktik 40)'s `SNAP' button.
2162 F7
2164 Media, Tape, Open...
2165 Choose a PZX, TAP or TZX virtual-tape file to load from. See the
2166 FILE SELECTION section below for details on how to choose the
2167 file. If Auto-load media is set in the Media Options dialog (as
2168 it is by default), you may use the File, Open... menu option
2169 instead, and the tape will begin loading automatically. Other‐
2170 wise, you have to start the load in the emulated machine (with
2171 LOAD "" or the 128's Tape Loader option, though you may need to
2172 reset first).
2173 To guarantee that TZX files will load properly, you should se‐
2175 lect the file, make sure tape-loading traps are disabled in the
2176 Media Options dialog, then press F8 (or do Media, Tape, Play).
2177 That said, most TZXs will work with tape-loading traps enabled
2178 (often quickly loading partway, then loading the rest real-
2179 time), so you might want to try it that way first.
2180 F8
2182 Media, Tape, Play
2183 Start playing the PZX, TAP or TZX file, if required. (Choosing
2184 the option (or pressing F8) again pauses playback, and a further
2185 press resumes). To explain — if tape-loading traps have been
2186 disabled (in the Media Options dialog), starting the loading
2187 process in the emulated machine isn't enough. You also have to
2188 `press play', so to speak :-), and this is how you do that. You
2189 may also need to `press play' like this in certain other circum‐
2190 stances, e.g. TZXs containing multi-load games may have a stop-
2191 the-tape request (which Fuse obeys).
2192 Media, Tape, Browse
2194 Browse through the current tape. A brief display of each of the
2195 data blocks on the current tape will appear, from which you can
2196 select which block Fuse will play next. With the GTK UI, emula‐
2197 tion will continue while the browser is displayed; double-click‐
2198 ing on a block will select it. In the other UIs, emulation is
2199 paused and you can use the cursor keys and press Enter to select
2200 it. If you decide you don't want to change block, just press Es‐
2201 cape.
2202 Media, Tape, Rewind
2204 Rewind the current virtual tape, so it can be read again from
2205 the beginning.
2206 Media, Tape, Clear
2208 Clear the current virtual tape. This is particularly useful when
2209 you want a `clean slate' to add newly-saved files to, before do‐
2210 ing Media, Tape, Write... (or F6).
2211 F6
2213 Media, Tape, Write...
2214 Write the current virtual-tape contents to a TZX file. You will
2215 be prompted for a filename. The virtual-tape contents are the
2216 contents of the previously-loaded tape (if any has been loaded
2217 since you last did a Media, Tape, Clear), followed by anything
2218 you've saved from the emulated machine since. These newly-saved
2219 files are not written to any tape file until you choose this op‐
2220 tion!
2221 Media, Tape, Record Start
2223 Starts directly recording the output from the emulated Spectrum
2224 to the current virtual-tape. This is useful when you want to
2225 record using a non-standard ROM or from a custom save routine.
2226 Most tape operations are disabled during recording. Stop record‐
2227 ing with the Media, Tape, Write... menu option.
2228 Media, Tape, Record Stop
2230 Stops the direct recording and places the new recording into the
2231 virtual-tape.
2232 Media, Interface 1
2234 Virtual Microdrive images are accessible only when the Inter‐
2235 face 1 is active from the Options, Peripherals, General... dia‐
2236 log. Note that any changes to the Microdrive image will not be
2237 written to the file on disk until the appropriate save option is
2238 used.
2239 Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 1, Insert New
2241 Insert a new (unformatted) Microdrive cartridge into emulated
2242 Microdrive 1.
2243 Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 1, Insert...
2245 Insert an existing Microdrive cartridge image into emulated Mi‐
2246 crodrive 1. You will be prompted for a filename.
2247 Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 1, Eject
2249 Eject the Microdrive image in Microdrive 1. If the image has
2250 been modified, you will be asked as to whether you want any
2251 changes saved.
2252 Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 1, Save
2254 Save the Microdrive image in Microdrive 1.
2255 Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 1, Save as...
2257 Write the Microdrive image in Microdrive 1 to a file. You will
2258 be prompted for a filename.
2259 Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 1, Write protect, Enable
2261 Enable the write protect tab for the image in Microdrive 1.
2262 Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 1, Write protect, Disable
2264 Disable the write protect tab for the image in Microdrive 1.
2265 Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 2, ...
2267 Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 3, ...
2268 Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 4, ...
2269 Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 5, ...
2270 Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 6, ...
2271 Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 7, ...
2272 Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 8, ...
2273 Equivalent options for the other emulated Microdrives.
2274 Media, Interface 1, RS232, Plug RxD
2276 Media, Interface 1, RS232, Unplug RxD
2277 Media, Interface 1, RS232, Plug TxD
2278 Media, Interface 1, RS232, Unplug TxD
2279 Connect or disconnect a communication channels (FIFO or file) to
2280 use as the RS-232 TxD or RxD wire.
2281 Media, Disk
2283 Virtual floppy disk images are accessible when emulating a +3,
2284 +3e, Pentagon or Scorpion, or when the Beta 128, Opus Discovery,
2285 +D, Didaktik or DISCiPLE interface options are enabled and a ma‐
2286 chine compatible with the chosen interface is selected. (See THE
2287 .DSK FORMAT, BETA 128 EMULATION, OPUS DISCOVERY EMULATION, +D
2288 EMULATION, DIDAKTIK 80 EMULATION and DISCIPLE EMULATION sections
2289 below for notes on the file formats supported).
2290 Once again, any changes made to a disk image will not affect the
2292 file which was `inserted' into the drive. If you do want to keep
2293 any changes, use the appropriate `eject and write' option before
2294 exiting Fuse.
2295 Media, Disk, +3, Drive A:, Insert...
2297 Insert a disk-image file to read/write in the +3's emulated
2298 drive A:.
2299 Media, Disk, +3, Drive A:, Eject
2301 Eject the disk image currently in the +3's emulated drive A: —
2302 or from the emulated machine's perspective, eject it. Note that
2303 any changes made to the image will not be saved.
2304 Media, Disk, +3, Drive A:, Save
2306 Save the disk image currently in the +3's drive A:.
2307 Media, Disk, +3, Drive A:, Save as...
2309 Save the current state of the disk image currently in the +3's
2310 drive A: to a file. You will be prompted for a filename.
2311 Media, Disk, +3, Drive B:, Insert...
2313 As above, but for the +3's drive B:. Fuse emulates drive B: as a
2314 second 3″ drive.
2315 Media, Disk, +3, Drive B:, Eject
2317 As above, but for drive B:.
2318 Media, Disk, +3, Drive B:, Save
2320 As above, but for drive B:.
2321 Media, Disk, +3, Drive B:, Save as...
2323 As above, but for drive B:.
2324 Media, Disk, Beta, Drive A:, Insert New
2326 Insert a new (unformatted) disk into the emulated Beta drive A:.
2327 Media, Disk, Beta, Drive A:, Insert...
2329 Media, Disk, Beta, Drive A:, Eject
2330 Media, Disk, Beta, Drive A:, Save
2331 Media, Disk, Beta, Drive A:, Save as...
2332 As above, but for the emulated Beta disk drive A:.
2333 Media, Disk, Beta, Drive A:, Write protect, Enable
2335 Enable the write protect tab for the image in Beta drive A:.
2336 Media, Disk, Beta, Drive A:, Write protect, Disable
2338 Disable the write protect tab for the image in Beta drive A:.
2339 Media, Disk, Beta, Drive B:, ...
2341 Media, Disk, Beta, Drive C:, ...
2342 Media, Disk, Beta, Drive D:, ...
2343 As above, but for the remaining emulated Beta disk interface
2344 drives.
2345 Media, Disk, Opus, Drive 1, Insert New
2347 Media, Disk, Opus, Drive 1, Insert...
2348 Media, Disk, Opus, Drive 1, Eject
2349 Media, Disk, Opus, Drive 1, Save
2350 Media, Disk, Opus, Drive 1, Save as...
2351 Media, Disk, Opus, Drive 1, Write protect, Enable
2352 Media, Disk, Opus, Drive 1, Write protect, Disable
2353 Media, Disk, Opus, Drive 2, ...
2354 As above, but for the emulated Opus Discovery drives.
2355 Media, Disk, +D, Drive 1, Insert New
2357 Media, Disk, +D, Drive 1, Insert...
2358 Media, Disk, +D, Drive 1, Eject
2359 Media, Disk, +D, Drive 1, Save
2360 Media, Disk, +D, Drive 1, Save as...
2361 Media, Disk, +D, Drive 1, Write protect, Enable
2362 Media, Disk, +D, Drive 1, Write protect, Disable
2363 Media, Disk, +D, Drive 2, ...
2364 As above, but for the emulated +D drives.
2365 Media, Disk, Didaktik 80, Drive A, Insert New
2367 Media, Disk, Didaktik 80, Drive A, Insert...
2368 Media, Disk, Didaktik 80, Drive A, Eject
2369 Media, Disk, Didaktik 80, Drive A, Save
2370 Media, Disk, Didaktik 80, Drive A, Save as...
2371 Media, Disk, Didaktik 80, Drive A, Write protect, Enable
2372 Media, Disk, Didaktik 80, Drive A, Write protect, Disable
2373 Media, Disk, Didaktik 80, Drive B, ...
2374 As above, but for the emulated Didaktik 80 drives.
2375 Media, Disk, DISCiPLE, Drive 1, Insert New
2377 Media, Disk, DISCiPLE, Drive 1, Insert...
2378 Media, Disk, DISCiPLE, Drive 1, Eject
2379 Media, Disk, DISCiPLE, Drive 1, Save
2380 Media, Disk, DISCiPLE, Drive 1, Save as...
2381 Media, Disk, DISCiPLE, Drive 1, Write protect, Enable
2382 Media, Disk, DISCiPLE, Drive 1, Write protect, Disable
2383 Media, Disk, DISCiPLE, Drive 2, ...
2384 As above, but for the emulated DISCiPLE drives.
2385 Media, Cartridge, Timex Dock, Insert...
2387 Insert a cartridge into the Timex 2068 dock. This will cause the
2388 emulated machine to be changed to the TC2068 (if it wasn't al‐
2389 ready a 2068 variant) and reset.
2390 Media, Cartridge, Timex Dock, Eject
2392 Remove the cartridge from the Timex 2068 dock. This will cause
2393 the emulated machine to be reset.
2394 Media, Cartridge, Interface 2, Insert...
2396 Insert a cartridge into the Interface 2 cartridge slot. This
2397 will cause the emulated machine to be reset and the cartridge
2398 loaded.
2399 Media, Cartridge, Interface 2, Eject...
2401 Remove the cartridge from the Interface 2 cartridge slot. This
2402 will cause the emulated machine to be reset.
2403 Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Master, Insert...
2405 Connect an IDE hard disk to the simple 8-bit interface's master
2406 channel.
2407 Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Master, Commit
2409 Cause any writes which have been done to virtual hard disk at‐
2410 tached to the simple 8-bit interface's master channel to be com‐
2411 mitted to the real disk, such that they survive the virtual disk
2412 being ejected.
2413 Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Master, Eject
2415 Eject the virtual hard disk from the simple 8-bit interface's
2416 master channel. Note that any writes to the virtual hard disk
2417 will be lost unless the Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Master, Commit
2418 option is used before the disk is ejected.
2419 Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Slave, Insert...
2421 Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Slave, Commit
2422 Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Slave, Eject
2423 The same as the Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Master entries above,
2424 but for the simple 8-bit interface's slave channel.
2425 Media, IDE, ZXATASP, Master, Insert...
2427 Media, IDE, ZXATASP, Master, Commit
2428 Media, IDE, ZXATASP, Master, Eject
2429 Media, IDE, ZXATASP, Slave, Insert...
2430 Media, IDE, ZXATASP, Slave, Commit
2431 Media, IDE, ZXATASP, Slave, Eject
2432 The same as the Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Master entries above,
2433 but for the two channels of the ZXATASP interface.
2434 Media, IDE, ZXCF CompactFlash, Insert...
2436 Media, IDE, ZXCF CompactFlash, Commit
2437 Media, IDE, ZXCF CompactFlash, Eject
2438 The same as the Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Master entries above,
2439 but for the ZXCF interface's CompactFlash slot.
2440 Media, IDE, ZXMMC, Insert...
2442 Media, IDE, ZXMMC, Commit
2443 Media, IDE, ZXMMC, Eject
2444 The same as the Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit entries above, but for
2445 the memory card slot of the ZXMMC interface.
2446 Media, IDE, DivIDE, Master, Insert...
2448 Media, IDE, DivIDE, Master, Commit
2449 Media, IDE, DivIDE, Master, Eject
2450 Media, IDE, DivIDE, Slave, Insert...
2451 Media, IDE, DivIDE, Slave, Commit
2452 Media, IDE, DivIDE, Slave, Eject
2453 The same as the Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit entries above, but for
2454 the two channels of the DivIDE interface.
2455 Media, IDE, DivMMC, Insert...
2457 Media, IDE, DivMMC, Commit
2458 Media, IDE, DivMMC, Eject
2459 The same as the Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit entries above, but for
2460 the memory card slot of the DivMMC interface.
2461 Help, Keyboard...
2463 Display a diagram showing the Spectrum keyboard, and the various
2464 keywords that can be generated with each key from (48K) BASIC.
2465 Under the GTK and Win32 UIs, this will appear in a separate win‐
2466 dow and emulation continues. With the other UIs, the picture re‐
2467 mains onscreen (and the emulator paused) until you press Esc or
2468 Enter.
2469 Help, About...
2471 Show Fuse's version number.
2472
2474 When emulating the Spectrum, keys F1 to F10 are used as shortcuts for
2475 various menu items, as described above. The alphanumeric keys (along
2476 with Enter and Space) are mapped as-is to the Spectrum keys. The other
2477 key mappings are:
2478 Shift emulated as Caps Shift
2480 Control, Alt, and Meta
2482 emulated as Symbol Shift (most other modifiers are also mapped
2483 to this)
2484 Backspace
2486 emulated as Caps–0 (Delete)
2487 Esc emulated as Caps–1 (Edit)
2489 Caps Lock
2491 emulated as Caps–2
2492 Cursor keys
2494 emulated as Caps–5/6/7/8 (as appropriate)
2495 Tab emulated as Caps Shift–Symbol Shift (Extended Mode)
2497 Some further punctuation keys are supported, if they exist on your key‐
2499 board — `,', `.', `/', `;', `'', `#', `-', and `='. These are mapped
2500 to the appropriate symbol-shifted keys on the Spectrum.
2501 A list of keys applicable when using the file selection dialogs is
2503 given in the FILE SELECTION section below.
2504
2506 Some of Fuse's UIs allow resizing of the emulated Spectrum's display.
2507 For the window-based ones (GTK, Win32 and Xlib), you can resize the
2508 window by, well, resizing it. :-) Exactly how this works depends on
2509 your window manager; you may have to make the window over twice the
2510 width and height of the original size before it actually scales up.
2511 Fuse attempts to keep the window `square', but with some window man‐
2512 agers this can mean the window will never resize at all. If you experi‐
2513 ence this problem, the `--no-aspect-hint' option may help.
2514 If you're using the SDL UI under X11 or GTK, the window will automati‐
2516 cally resize to be the correct size for the graphics filter selected.
2517
2519 Fuse has the ability to apply essentially arbitrary filters between
2520 building its image of the Spectrum's screen, and displaying it on the
2521 emulating machine's monitor. These filters can be used to do various
2522 forms of smoothing, emulation of TV scanlines and various other possi‐
2523 bilities. Support for graphics filters varies between the different
2524 user interfaces, but there are two general classes: the GTK, Win32,
2525 Xlib, SVGAlib and SDL user interfaces (and the saving of .png screen‐
2526 shots) support `interpolating' filters which use a palette larger than
2527 the Spectrum's 16 colours, while the framebuffer user interface cur‐
2528 rently does not support filters at all.
2529 A further complication arises due to the fact that the Timex machines
2531 have their high-resolution video mode with twice the horizontal resolu‐
2532 tion. To deal with this, Fuse treats these machines as having a `nor‐
2533 mal' display size which is twice the size of a normal Spectrum's
2534 screen, leading to a different set of filters being available for these
2535 machines. Note that any of the double or triple-sizing filters are
2536 available for Timex machines only when using the SDL, Win32 or GTK user
2537 interfaces.
2538 The available filters, along with their short name used to select them
2540 from the command line, are:
2541 Timex half (smoothed) (half)
2543 Timex half (skipping) (halfskip)
2544 Two Timex-machine specific filters which scale the screen down
2545 to half normal (Timex) size; that is, the same size as a normal
2546 Spectrum screen. The difference between these two filters is in
2547 how they handle the high-resolution mode: the `smoothed' version
2548 is an interpolating filter which averages pairs of adjacent pix‐
2549 els, while the `skipping' version is a non-interpolating filter
2550 which simply drops every other pixel.
2551 Normal (normal)
2553 The simplest filter: just display one pixel for every pixel on
2554 the Spectrum's screen.
2555 Double size (2x)
2557 Scale the displayed screen up to double size.
2558 Triple size (3x)
2560 Scale the displayed screen up to triple size. Available only
2561 with the GTK, Win32, Xlib and SDL user interfaces or when saving
2562 screenshots of non-Timex machines.
2563 Quadruple size (4x)
2565 Scale the displayed screen up to quadruple size. Available only
2566 with the GTK, Win32 and SDL user interfaces.
2567 2xSaI (2xsai)
2569 Super 2xSaI (super2xsai)
2570 SuperEagle (supereagle)
2571 Three interpolating filters which apply successively more
2572 smoothing. All three double the size of the displayed screen.
2573 AdvMAME2x (advmame2x)
2575 A double-sizing, non-interpolating filter which attempts to
2576 smooth diagonal lines.
2577 AdvMAME3x (advmame3x)
2579 Very similar to AdvMAME2x, except that it triples the size of
2580 the displayed screen. Available only with the GTK, Win32, Xlib
2581 and SDL user interfaces or when saving screenshots of non-Timex
2582 machines.
2583 TV 2x (tv2x)
2585 TV 3x (tv3x)
2586 TV 4x (tv4x)
2587 Timex TV (timextv)
2588 Four filters which attempt to emulate the effect of television
2589 scanlines. The first is a double-sizing filter for non-Timex ma‐
2590 chines, the second is a similar triple-sizing filter, the third
2591 is a similar quadruple-sizing filter, while the last is a sin‐
2592 gle-sizing filter for Timex machines (note that this means TV 2X
2593 and Timex TV produce the same size output).
2594 PAL TV (paltv)
2596 PAL TV 2x (paltv2x)
2597 PAL TV 3x (paltv3x)
2598 PAL TV 4x (paltv4x)
2599 Four filters which attempt to emulate the effect of the PAL TV
2600 system which layers a lower-resolution colour image over the top
2601 of a higher-resolution black-and-white image. The filters can
2602 also optionally add scanlines like the other TV series scalers.
2603 Dot matrix (dotmatrix)
2605 A double-sizing filter which emulates the effect of a dot-matrix
2606 display.
2607 Timex 1.5x (timex15x)
2609 An interpolating Timex-specific filter which scales the Timex
2610 screen up to 1.5× its usual size (which is therefore 3× the size
2611 of a `normal' Spectrum screen). Available only for the GTK,
2612 Win32 and SDL user interfaces or when saving screenshots.
2613 Timex 2x (timex2x)
2615 A non-interpolating Timex-specific filter which scales the Timex
2616 screen up to 2× its usual size (which is therefore 4× the size
2617 of a `normal' Spectrum screen). Available only for the GTK,
2618 Win32 and SDL user interfaces or when saving screenshots.
2619 HQ 2x (hq2x)
2621 HQ 3x (hq3x)
2622 HQ 4x (hq4x)
2623 Three filters which do high quality (but slow) antialiasing.
2624 Doubles and triples and quadruples the size of the displayed
2625 screen respectively.
2626
2628 The emulated Spectrum is, by default, an unmodified 48K Spectrum with a
2629 tape player and ZX Printer attached. Oh, and apparently some magical
2630 snapshot load/save machine which is probably best glossed over for the
2631 sake of the analogy. :-)
2632 To emulate different kinds of Spectrum, select the Machine, Select...
2634 menu option, or press F9.
2635 The Spectrum emulation is paused when any dialogs appear. In the widget
2637 UI, it's also paused when menus or the keyboard picture are displayed.
2638
2640 The various models of Spectrum supported a range of ways to connect
2641 printers, three of which are supported by Fuse. Different printers are
2642 made available for the different models:
2643 16, 48, TC2048, TC2068, TS2068
2645 ZX Printer
2646 128/+2/Pentagon
2648 Serial printer (text-only)
2649 +2A, +3
2651 Parallel printer (text-only)
2652 If Opus Discovery, +D or DISCiPLE emulation is in use and printer emu‐
2654 lation is enabled, text-only emulation of the disk interface's parallel
2655 printer interface is provided.
2656 Any printout is appended to one (or both) of two files, depending on
2658 the printer — these default to printout.txt for text output, and print‐
2659 out.pbm for graphics (PBM images are supported by most image viewers
2660 and converters). These names can be changed with the --textfile and
2661 --graphicsfile options from the command line or configuration file.
2662 While the ZX Printer can only output graphically, simulated text output
2663 is generated at the same time using a crude sort of OCR based on the
2664 current character set (a bit like using SCREEN$). There is currently no
2665 support for graphics when using the serial/parallel output, though any
2666 escape codes used will be `printed' faithfully. (!)
2667 By the way, it's not a good idea to modify the printout.pbm file out‐
2669 side of Fuse if you want to continue appending to it. The header needs
2670 to have a certain layout for Fuse to be able to continue appending to
2671 it correctly, and the file will be overwritten if it can't be appended
2672 to.
2673
2675 The ZXATASP and ZXCF interfaces are two peripherals designed by Sami
2676 Vehmaa which significantly extend the capabilities of the Spectrum.
2677 More details on both are available from Sami's homepage,
2678 http://user.tninet.se/~vjz762w/, but a brief overview is given here.
2679 The real ZXATASP comes with either 128K or 512K of RAM and the ability
2681 to connect an IDE hard disks and a CompactFlash card, while the ZXCF
2682 comes with 128K, 512K or 1024K of RAM and the ability to connect a Com‐
2683 pactFlash card. From an emulation point of view, the two interfaces are
2684 actually very similar as a CompactFlash card is logically just an IDE
2685 hard disk. Currently, Fuse's emulation is fixed at having 512K of RAM
2686 in the ZXATASP and 1024K in the ZXCF.
2687 To activate the ZXATASP, simply select the ZXATASP interface option
2689 from the Options, Peripherals, Disk... dialog. The state of the upload
2690 and write protect jumpers is then controlled by the ZXATASP upload and
2691 ZXATASP write protect options. Similarly, the ZXCF is controlled by the
2692 ZXCF interface and ZXCF upload options (the ZXCF write protect is soft‐
2693 ware controlled).
2694 If you're using either the ZXATASP or ZXCF, you almost certainly want
2696 to investigate ResiDOS, the operating system designed for use with the
2697 ZXATASP and ZXCF. ResiDOS provides facilities for using the extra RAM,
2698 accessing the mass storage devices and a task manager allowing virtu‐
2699 ally instant switching between programs on the Spectrum. See
2700 http://www.worldofspectrum.org/residos/ for more details.
2701
2703 The DivIDE is another IDE interface for the Spectrum, of which full de‐
2704 tails can be found at http://web.ar‐
2705 chive.org/web/20150302052256/http://baze.au.com/divide/. The interface
2706 can be activated via the DivIDE interface option from the Options, Pe‐
2707 ripherals, Disk... dialog, and the state of its write protect jumper
2708 controlled via the DivIDE write protect option. If you're going to be
2709 using the DivIDE, you'll probably want one of the firmwares available
2710 from the DivIDE homepage.
2711
2713 The DivMMC is a MMC interface for the Spectrum. Originally designed by
2714 Alessandro Dorigatti for the V6Z80P+ FPGA board as the fusion of DivIDE
2715 and ZXMMC+ interfaces, later assembled as an interface for real spec‐
2716 trums by Mario Prato. Currently there are variants with different RAM
2717 size, one/two memory cards slots, optional kempston jostick, etc.
2718 The interface can be activated via the DivMMC interface option from the
2720 Options, Peripherals, Disk... dialog, and the state of its EEPROM
2721 write protect jumper controlled via the DivMMC write protect option.
2722 If you're going to be using the DivMMC, you'll need to load the ESXDOS
2723 firmware at http://www.esxdos.org/ or use the ZX Spectrum +3e ROMs by
2724 Garry Lancaster.
2725 You'll also need a HDF image to store the contents of the memory card.
2727 There are several tools to create and manipulate this file format,
2728 e.g., hdfmonkey at https://github.com/gasman/hdfmonkey.
2729
2731 The Spectranet is an Ethernet network interface for the ZX Spectrum by
2732 Dylan Thomas. The interface can be activated via the Spectranet option
2733 on the Peripherals preferences dialog, and the state of its automatic
2734 page-in (disable) jumper controlled via the Spectranet disable option.
2735 If you're going to be using the Spectranet, you'll probably want one of
2736 the firmwares available from the Spectranet homepage (http://spec‐
2737 trum.alioth.net/doc/index.php) which is also where you can find more
2738 information on using the interface.
2739 Installing the Spectranet firmware on Fuse is slightly more complicated
2741 than on a real machine, mostly because Fuse's emulation doesn't support
2742 DHCP. These instructions are correct as of 2012-01-26 — if you're using
2743 a later firmware than this, things may have changed slightly.
2744 The first thing you will need to do is to obtain a copy of the Spec‐
2746 tranet installer as a .tap file (or similar). The installer is also
2747 available at the Spectranet site above.
2748 Once you have a copy of the installer, start Fuse and tick the Spec‐
2750 tranet option from the Options, Peripherals, General... dialog, and
2751 the state of its write protect jumper controlled via the Spectranet
2752 disable option. Once that's done, open the installer file (use the Me‐
2753 dia, Tape, Open... command rather than File, Open... to prevent au‐
2754 toloading) and enter the following commands from BASIC:
2755 CLEAR 26999
2757 LOAD "" CODE
2758 RANDOMIZE USR 27000
2759 The screen should turn blue and you'll see around 20 lines of message
2761 appearing as the firmware is installed, starting with “Erasing sector
2762 0” and finishing with “Restoring page B”, and you'll get the familiar
2763 0 OK, 0: 1 at the bottom of the screen.
2764 Now untick the Spectranet disable option from the Options, Peripherals,
2766 General... dialog and reset the Spectrum. You should see a very brief
2767 blue status screen, before the regular copyright screen appears with
2768 some Spectranet information at the top — there should be four status
2769 lines, starting with “Alioth Spectranet” and ending with the Spec‐
2770 tranet's IP address (which will be 255.255.255.255 at this stage).
2771 Now trigger an NMI (the Machine / NMI menu option) and you should get a
2773 white on blue Spectranet NMI menu with five options.
2774 Select [A] Configure network settings — this should lead you to another
2776 menu, which will scroll of the top of the screen; don't worry about
2777 this for now.
2778 You'll now need to set various options:
2780 [A] Enable/disable DHCP — select N
2782 [B] Change IP address — enter the IP address of the machine you are
2783 running Fuse on.
2784 [C] Change netmask — enter the appropriate netmask for the IP address
2785 you selected above. If that doesn't mean anything to you, try
2786 255.255.255.0
2787 [D] Change default gateway — enter the appropriate gateway address. If
2788 you don't know any better, enter the IP address of your router.
2789 [E] Change primary DNS — enter the address of your DNS server. If you
2790 don't know any better, use Google's public DNS server, 8.8.8.8.
2791 There is no need to change options [F] or [G], but do select:
2793 [H] Change hostname — enter a hostname for the Spectranet-enabled ma‐
2795 chine. It doesn't really matter what you enter here — it's mostly use‐
2796 ful just to replace the junk default name so you can see what you've
2797 entered for the other settings.
2798 Your screen should now look something like this:
2800 Current configuration
2802 ───────────────────────────────────────
2803 Use DHCP : No
2804 IP address : 192.168.000.002
2805 Netmask : 255.255.255.000
2806 Default gateway : 192.168.000.001
2807 Primary DNS : 192.168.000.001
2808 Secondary DNS : 255.255.255.255
2809 Hardware address : FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
2810 Hostname : fuse
2811 <menu options>
2812 If everything looks correct, select [I] Save changes and exit (you'll
2814 see a brief “Saving configuration...” message) followed by [E] Exit, at
2815 which point you'll be returned to BASIC.
2816 Now type the following commands:
2818 %cfgnew
2820 %cfgcommit
2821 Which will show the standard 0 OK, 0:1 at the bottom of the screen.
2823 Reset the Spectrum again and you'll see the same four line status dis‐
2825 play, but this time with your IP address on the last line.
2826 Congratulations! You have now installed the Spectranet firmware. To
2828 save having to go through all that every time you start Fuse, save a
2829 .szx snapshot at this point, and load that in every time you want to
2830 use the Spectranet.
2831
2834 Fuse supports emulating the OEL/Volex TTX2000S teletext adaptor with
2835 16K and 48K machines.
2836 The interface has four tuning presets and extracts teletext signals
2838 from the vertical blanking interval of the selected television channel.
2839 These teletext signals are emulated by means of a simple TCP socket in‐
2840 terface provided by an external server application. An example server
2841 written in Python is available from https://github.com/ZXGuesser/tele‐
2842 text-packet-server
2843 The default address for the four packet servers is 127.0.0.1 (loopback
2845 address), ports 19761 to 19764. Connections can also be made to other
2846 computers on a fast LAN by IP address or hostname. Connecting a packet
2847 server via the internet is not recommended.
2848 Only one connection is active at a time. Changing channel preset on the
2850 emulated interface closes any active connection and opens a new connec‐
2851 tion to the appropriate server. The same packet server can be set for
2852 multiple tuning presets.
2853 Note that a limitation of the TTX2000S ROM means that it only decodes
2855 the first 12 lines of a teletext signal. This can be fixed by entering
2856 BASIC and executing `POKE 23394,33' then re-entering the teletext ROM
2857 with `RANDOMIZE USR 23500'. Alternatively just use teletext packet
2858 sources with 12 lines per field or fewer.
2859
2861 The way you select a file (whether snapshot or tape file) depends on
2862 which UI you're using. So firstly, here's how to use the GTK file se‐
2863 lector.
2864 The selector shows the directories and files in the current directory
2866 in two separate subwindows. If either list is too big to fit in the
2867 window, you can use the scrollbar to see the rest (by dragging the
2868 slider, for example), or you can use Shift–Tab (to move the keyboard
2869 focus to a subwindow) and use the cursor keys. To change directory,
2870 double-click it.
2871 To choose a file to load you can either double-click it, or click it
2873 then click Ok. Or click Cancel to abort.
2874 If you're using the keyboard, probably the easiest way to use the se‐
2876 lector is to just ignore it and type in the name. This isn't as irksome
2877 as it sounds, since the filename input box has filename completion —
2878 type part of a directory or file name, then press Tab. It should com‐
2879 plete it. If it was a directory, it moves to that directory; if the
2880 completion was ambiguous, it completes as much as possible, and narrows
2881 the filenames shown to those which match. You should press Enter when
2882 you've finished typing the filename, or Esc to abort.
2883 Now, if you're using the widget UI — the one using the Spectrum font —
2885 the selector works a bit differently. The files and directories are all
2886 listed in a single two-column-wide window (the directories are shown at
2887 the top, ending in `/') — the names may be truncated onscreen if
2888 they're too long to fit.
2889 To move the cursor, you can either use the cursor keys, or the Spectrum
2891 equivalents 5/6/7/8, or (similarly) h/j/k/l. For faster movement, the
2892 Page Up, Page Down, Home, and End keys are supported and do what you'd
2893 expect. To select a file or directory, press Enter. To abort, press
2894 Esc.
2895 With both selectors, do bear in mind that all files are shown, whether
2897 Fuse would be able to load them or not.
2898
2900 Firstly, note that the vast majority of this section applies only if
2901 you're using the GTK user interface; if you're using one of the widget
2902 user interfaces, you'll get a very basic monitor which shows the cur‐
2903 rent values of the registers and allows you to single step through exe‐
2904 cution or continue.
2905 If you are using the GTK user interface, Fuse features a moderately
2907 powerful, completely transparent monitor/debugger, which can be acti‐
2908 vated via the Machine, Debugger... menu option. A debugger window will
2909 appear, showing the current state of the emulated machine: the top-left
2910 `pane' shows the current state of the Z80 and the last bytes written to
2911 any emulated peripherals. The bottom-left pane lists any active break‐
2912 points. Moving right, the next pane shows where the Spectrum's 64K mem‐
2913 ory map (the `W?' and `C?' indicate whether each displayed chunk is
2914 writable or contended respectively). Fuse tracks the memory mapping of
2915 the overall address space in 2KB chunks but will summarise the mapped
2916 pages where they are part of the same page of the underlying memory
2917 source (e.g. 8KB page sizes in the Spectrum 128K and 4KB pages in the
2918 Timex clones' DOCK and EXROM banks).
2919 The next pane to the right has a disassembly, which by default starts
2921 at the current program counter, although this can be modified either by
2922 the `disassemble' command (see below) or by dragging the scrollbar next
2923 to it. The next pane shows the current stack, and the final pane any
2924 `events' which are due to occur and could affect emulation. Any of
2925 these panes can be removed by use of the View menu. Below the displays
2926 are an entry box for debugger commands, and five buttons for control‐
2927 ling the debugger:
2928 Evaluate
2930 Evaluate the command currently in the entry box.
2931 Single Step
2933 Run precisely one Z80 opcode and then stop emulation again.
2934 Continue
2936 Restart emulation, but leave the debugger window open. Note that
2937 the debugger window will not be updated while emulation is run‐
2938 ning.
2939 Break
2941 Stop emulation and return to the debugger.
2942 Close
2944 Close the debugger window and restart emulation.
2945 Double-clicking on an entry in the stack pane will cause emulation to
2947 run until the program counter reaches the value stored at that address,
2948 while double-clicking on an entry in the `events' pane will cause emu‐
2949 lation to run until that time is reached.
2950 The main power of the debugger is via the commands entered into the en‐
2952 try box, which are similar in nature (but definitely not identical to
2953 or as powerful as) to those in gdb(1). In general, the debugger is
2954 case-insensitive, and numbers will be interpreted as decimal, unless
2955 prefixed by either `0x' or `$' when they will be interpreted as hex.
2956 Each command can be abbreviated to the portion not in curly braces.
2957 ba{se} number
2959 Change the debugger window to displaying output in base number.
2960 Available values are 10 (decimal) or 16 (hex).
2961 br{eakpoint} [address] [if condition]
2963 Set a breakpoint to stop emulation and return to the debugger
2964 whenever an opcode is executed at address and condition evalu‐
2965 ates true. If address is omitted, it defaults to the current
2966 value of PC.
2967 br{eakpoint} p{ort} (re{ad}|w{rite}) port [if condition]
2969 Set a breakpoint to trigger whenever IO port port is read from
2970 or written to and condition evaluates true.
2971 br{eakpoint} (re{ad}|w{rite}) [address] [if condition]
2973 Set a breakpoint to trigger whenever memory location address is
2974 read from (other than via an opcode fetch) or written to and
2975 condition evaluates true. Address again defaults to the current
2976 value of PC if omitted.
2977 br{eakpoint} ti{me} time [if condition]
2979 Set a breakpoint to occur time tstates after the start of the
2980 every frame, assuming condition evaluates true (if one is
2981 given).
2982 br{eakpoint} ev{ent} area:detail [if condition]
2984 Set a breakpoint to occur when the event specified by area:de‐
2985 tail occurs and condition evaluates to true. The events which
2986 can be caught are:
2987 beta128:page
2989 beta128:unpage
2990 The Beta 128 interface is paged into or out of memory re‐
2991 spectively.
2992 didaktik80:page
2993 didaktik80:unpage
2994 The Didaktik 80 interface is paged into or out of memory
2995 respectively.
2996 disciple:page
2997 disciple:unpage
2998 The DISCiPLE interface is paged into or out of memory re‐
2999 spectively.
3000 divide:page
3001 divide:unpage
3002 The DivIDE interface is paged into or out of memory re‐
3003 spectively.
3004 divmmc:page
3005 divmmc:unpage
3006 The DivIDE interface is paged into or out of memory re‐
3007 spectively.
3008 if1:page
3009 if1:unpage
3010 The Interface 1 shadow ROM is paged into or out of mem‐
3011 ory.
3012 multiface:page
3013 multiface:unpage
3014 The Multiface One/128/3 is paged into or out of memory
3015 respectively.
3016 opus:page
3017 opus:unpage
3018 The Opus Discovery is paged into or out of memory respec‐
3019 tively.
3020 plusd:page
3021 plusd:unpage
3022 The +D interface is paged into or out of memory respec‐
3023 tively.
3024 rzx:end
3025 An RZX recording finishes playing.
3026 speccyboot:page
3027 speccyboot:unpage
3028 The SpeccyBoot interface is paged into or out of memory.
3029 spectranet:page
3030 spectranet:unpage
3031 The Spectranet interface is paged into or out of memory.
3032 tape:play
3033 tape:stop
3034 The emulated tape starts or stops playing.
3035 zxatasp:page
3036 zxatasp:unpage
3037 The ZXATASP interface is paged into or out of memory.
3038 zxcf:page
3039 zxcf:unpage
3040 The ZXCF interface is paged into or out of memory.
3041 In all cases, the event can be specified as area:* to catch all
3043 events from that area.
3044 cl{ear} [address]
3046 Remove all breakpoints at address or the current value of PC if
3047 address is omitted. Port read/write breakpoints are unaffected.
3048 com{mmands} id <newline>
3050 <debugger command> <newline>
3051 <debugger command> <newline>
3052 ...
3053 end
3054 Set things such that the specified debugger commands will be au‐
3055 tomatically executed when breakpoint id is triggered. There is
3056 currently no user interface for entering multi-line debugger
3057 commands, so the only way to specify this command is on the com‐
3058 mand-line via the --debugger-command option.
3059 cond{ition} id [condition]
3061 Set breakpoint id to trigger only when condition is true, or un‐
3062 conditionally if condition is omitted.
3063 co{ntinue}
3065 Equivalent to the Continue button.
3066 del{ete} [id]
3068 Remove breakpoint id, or all breakpoints if id is omitted.
3069 di{sassemble} address
3071 Set the centre panel disassembly to begin at address.
3072 ex{it} [expression]
3074 Exit the emulator immediately, using the exit code resulting
3075 from the evaluation of expression, or 0 if expression is omit‐
3076 ted.
3077 fi{nish}
3079 Exit from the current CALL or equivalent. This isn't infallible:
3080 it works by setting a temporary breakpoint at the current con‐
3081 tents of the stack pointer, so will not function correctly if
3082 the code returns to some other point or plays with its stack in
3083 other ways. Also, setting this breakpoint doesn't disable other
3084 breakpoints, which may trigger before this one. In that case,
3085 the temporary breakpoint remains, and the `continue' command can
3086 be used to return to it.
3087 i{gnore} id count
3089 Do not trigger the next count times that breakpoint id would
3090 have triggered.
3091 n{ext}
3093 Step to the opcode following the current one. As with the `fin‐
3094 ish' command, this works by setting a temporary breakpoint at
3095 the next opcode, so is not infallible.
3096 o{ut} port value
3098 Write value to IO port port.
3099 pr{int} expression
3101 Print the value of expression to standard output.
3102 se{t} address value
3104 Poke value into memory at address.
3105 se{t} $variable value
3107 Set the value of the debugger variable variable to value.
3108 se{t} area:detail value
3110 Set the value of the system variable area:detail to value. The
3111 available system variables are listed below.
3112 s{tep}
3114 Equivalent to the Single Step button.
3115 t{breakpoint} [options]
3117 This is the same as the `breakpoint' command in its various
3118 forms, except that the breakpoint is temporary: it will trigger
3119 once and once only, and then be removed.
3120 Addresses can be specified in one of two forms: either an absolute ad‐
3122 dresses, specified by an integer in the range 0x0000 to 0xFFFF or as a
3123 `source:page:offset' combination, which refers to a location offset
3124 bytes into memory bank page, independent of where that bank is cur‐
3125 rently paged into memory. RAM and ROM pages are indicated, respec‐
3126 tively, by `RAM' and `ROM' sources (e.g. offset 0x1234 in ROM 1 is
3127 specified as `ROM:1:0x1234'). Other available sources are: `Betadisk',
3128 `Didaktik 80 RAM', `Didaktik 80 ROM', `DISCiPLE RAM', `DISCiPLE ROM',
3129 `DivIDE EPROM', `DivIDE RAM', `DivMMC EPROM', `DivMMC RAM', `If1',
3130 `If2', `Multiface RAM', `Multiface ROM', `Opus RAM', `Opus ROM', `PlusD
3131 RAM', `PlusD ROM', `SpeccyBoot', `Spectranet', `Timex Dock', `Timex
3132 EXROM', `uSource', `ZXATASP' and `ZXCF'. Please, note that spaces in
3133 memory sources should be escaped, e.g., `break Didak‐
3134 tik\ 80\ ROM:0:0x1234'. The 48K machines are treated as having a per‐
3135 manent mapping of page 5 at 0x4000, page 2 at 0x8000 and page 0 at
3136 0xC000; the 16K Spectrum is treated as having page 5 at 0x4000 and no
3137 page at 0x8000 and 0xC000.
3138 Anywhere the debugger is expecting a numeric value, except where it ex‐
3140 pects a breakpoint id, you can instead use a numeric expression, which
3141 uses a restricted version of C's syntax; exactly the same syntax is
3142 used for conditional breakpoints, with `0' being false and any other
3143 value being true. In numeric expressions, you can use integer constants
3144 (all calculations are done in integers), system variables, debugger
3145 variables, parentheses, the standard four numeric operations (`+', `-',
3146 `*' and `/'), the (non-)equality operators `==' and `!=', the compari‐
3147 son operators `>', `<', `>=' and `<=', bitwise and (`&'), or (`|') and
3148 exclusive or (`^') and logical and (`&&') and or (`||'). Square brack‐
3149 ets (`[' and `]') can be used to dereference a value; for example
3150 `[0x4000]' will give the value of the first byte of the screen.
3151 System variables are specified via an `area:detail' syntax. The avail‐
3153 able system variables are:
3154 ay:current
3156 The current AY-3-8912 register.
3157 divmmc:control
3158 The last byte written to DivMMC control port.
3159 spectrum:frames
3160 The frame count since reset. Note that this variable can only be
3161 read, not written to.
3162 tape:microphone
3163 The current level of the tape input connected to the `EAR' port.
3164 Note that this variable can only be read, not written to.
3165 ula:last
3166 The last byte written to the ULA. Note that this variable can
3167 only be read, not written to.
3168 ula:mem1ffd
3169 The last byte written to memory control port used by the ZX
3170 Spectrum +2A/3; normally addressed at 0x1ffd, hence the name.
3171 ula:mem7ffd
3172 The last byte written to primary memory control port used by the
3173 ZX Spectrum 128 and later; normally addressed at 0x7ffd, hence
3174 the name.
3175 ula:tstates
3176 The number of tstates since the last interrupt.
3177 z80: register name
3178 The value of the specified register. Both 8-bit registers and
3179 16-bit register pairs are supported. The MEMPTR / WZ hidden reg‐
3180 ister is also supported. The (presumable) Q hidden register is
3181 also supported.
3182 z80:im
3183 The current interrupt mode of the Z80.
3184 z80:iff1
3185 z80:iff2
3186 1 if the specified interrupt flip-flop is currently set, or 0 if
3187 it is not set.
3188
3190 The `poke finder' is a tool which is designed to make the task of find‐
3191 ing (infinite lives etc.) pokes for games a bit easier: it is similar
3192 to the `Lifeguard' utility which was available for use with the Multi‐
3193 face. It works by maintaining a list of locations in which the current
3194 number of lives (etc.) may be stored, and having the ability to remove
3195 from that list any locations which don't contain a specified value.
3196 The poke finder dialog contains an entry box for specifying the value
3198 to be searched for, a count of the current number of possible locations
3199 and, if there are less than 20 possible locations, a list of the possi‐
3200 ble locations (in `page:offset' format). The five buttons act as fol‐
3201 lows:
3202 Incremented
3204 Remove from the list of possible locations all addresses which
3205 have not been incremented since the last search.
3206 Decremented
3208 Remove from the list of possible locations all addresses which
3209 have not been decremented since the last search.
3210 Search
3212 Remove from the list of possible locations all addresses which
3213 do not contain the value specified in the `Search for' field.
3214 Reset
3216 Reset the poke finder so that all locations are considered pos‐
3217 sible.
3218 Close
3220 Close the dialog. Note that this does not reset the current
3221 state of the poke finder.
3222 Double-clicking on an entry in the list of possible locations will
3224 cause a breakpoint to be set to trigger whenever that location is writ‐
3225 ten to.
3226 An example of how to use this may make things a bit clearer. We'll use
3228 the 128K version of Gryzor. Load the game, define keys to suit and
3229 start playing. Immediately pause the game and bring up the poke finder
3230 dialog. We note that we currently have 6 lives, so enter `6' into the
3231 `Search for' field and click `Search'. This reduces the number of pos‐
3232 sible locations to around 931 (you may get a slightly different number
3233 depending on exactly when you paused the game). Play along a bit and
3234 then (deliberately) lose a life. Pause the game again. As we now have
3235 5 lives, replace the `6' in the `Search for' field with a `5' and click
3236 `Search' again. This then reduces the list of possible locations to
3237 just one: page 2, offset 0x00BC. This is the only location in memory
3238 which stored `6' when we had 6 lives and `5' when we had 5 lives, so
3239 its pretty likely that this is where the lives count is stored. Double-
3240 clicking on the `2:0x00BC' entry in the dialog will set the appropriate
3241 breakpoint (you may wish to open the debugger at this point to confirm
3242 this). Play along a bit more. When you next lose a life, emulation is
3243 stopped with PC at 0x91CD. Scrolling up a few addresses in the debug‐
3244 ger's disassembly pane shows a value was loaded from 0x80BC (our hypo‐
3245 thetical lives counter), decremented and then stored again to 0x80BC,
3246 which looks very much like the code to reduce the number of lives. We
3247 can now use the debugger to replace the decrement with a NOP (`set
3248 0x91c9 0'), and playing the game some more after this reveals that this
3249 has worked and we now have infinite lives.
3250
3252 Fuse supports multiface POKEs, allowing to modify specific memory ad‐
3253 dresses in order to cheat (infinite lives, infinite ammo, etc.).
3254 The `poke memory' dialog contains a list of recently loaded POKEs and
3256 some entry boxes for adding custom POKEs:
3257 Bank
3259 Sets the 128K memory bank (values `0' to `7') or the current
3260 memory mapping (value `8' or blank).
3261 Address
3263 Memory address to modify. Values in range 16384 to 65535 for 48K
3264 memory mode or 0 to 65535 for 128K memory banks. GTK UI also ac‐
3265 cepts hex addresses.
3266 Value
3268 New value for the former address, in range 0 to 255. Value 256
3269 means “Prompt to the user later”.
3270 It is possible to load POKEs from an external file using the File,
3272 Open... menu option or the drag-and-drop functionality in the GTK and
3273 Win32 UIs. After loading a snapshot or tape, Fuse will try to automat‐
3274 ically locate a POK file with the same file name. This means that if we
3275 open `GAME.TAP', then Fuse will try to open `GAME.POK' and
3276 `POKES/GAME.POK'. See http://www.worldofspectrum.org/POKformat.txt for
3277 more details about this file format.
3278 POKEs loaded in the list can be activated or deactivated as the user
3280 wants and will remain in memory until a machine reset.
3281
3283 In general, disk images for the +3 Spectrum are thought of as being in
3284 DSK format. However, this is actually a slight oversimplification;
3285 there are in fact two similar, but not identical, DSK formats. (The
3286 difference can be seen by doing `head -1 dskfile': one format will
3287 start `MV - CPCEMU' and the other will start `EXTENDED').
3288 Fuse supports both the `CPCEMU' and `EXTENDED' formats.
3290
3292 Fuse supports Betadisk emulation in its Pentagon and Scorpion emula‐
3293 tion, and also under 48K, TC2048, 128K and +2 (but not +2A) emulation
3294 if the Beta 128 interface option from the Options, Peripherals, Disk...
3295 dialog is enabled. When that option is used in 48K or TC2048 emulation
3296 the Beta 128 auto-boot in 48K machines option additionally controls
3297 whether the machine boots directly into the TR-DOS system. See the DISK
3298 FILE FORMATS section for more details on supported disk file formats.
3299
3301 By default, Fuse emulates the Opus Discovery interface with the op‐
3302 tional 2k RAM expansion and a second 40 track single sided disk drive.
3303 See the DISK FILE FORMATS section for more details on supported disk
3304 file formats. The Opus Discovery's printer port is also emulated for
3305 output only. (See the PRINTER EMULATION section for more details.) The
3306 Opus Discovery may only be used with 16K, 48K, 128K, TC2048 and +2 (not
3307 +2A) emulation. To access disks, use the same syntax as Interface 1
3308 and Microdrives.
3309
3311 Fuse supports emulating the +D disk and printer interface. See the DISK
3312 FILE FORMATS section for more details on supported disk file formats.
3313 The +D's printer port is emulated. (See the PRINTER EMULATION section
3314 for more details.) The +D may only be used with 48K, 128K and +2 (not
3315 +2A) emulation. To access disks, you will first need to load G+DOS, by
3316 inserting a disk containing the DOS file (+SYS) and entering “RUN”.
3317 Once DOS is loaded, you can load to/from +D disks by prefixing file‐
3318 names with `dn' where `n' is the number of the drive in use. For exam‐
3319 ple, `LOAD d1"myfile"' would load the file named `myfile' from the emu‐
3320 lated drive 1. Microdrive syntax may also be used.
3321 To save a snapshot, choose the Machine, NMI menu option, and then press
3323 `4' to save a 48K snapshot, or `5' to save a 128K snapshot. When sav‐
3324 ing a 128K snapshot, you must then press Y or N to indicate whether the
3325 screen changed while saving the snapshot, to finish saving. You can
3326 also choose `3' to save a screenshot to disk. Holding Caps Shift to‐
3327 gether with any of these options will cause the +D to save to the
3328 `other' drive to the one used last.
3329 Options `1' and `2' allow screenshots to be printed (in monochrome, in
3331 normal and large formats respectively) if printer emulation is enabled.
3332 For saving and loading of snapshots, and saving of screenshots to disk,
3333 G+DOS must be loaded first, but printing of screenshots can be per‐
3334 formed without loading G+DOS.
3335 Finally, `X' will return from the NMI menu.
3337
3339 Fuse supports Didaktik 80 (and Didaktik 40) emulation. It emulates the
3340 original version of the Didaktik 80, running MDOS 1 and with a WD2797
3341 floppy controller. See the DISK FILE FORMATS section for more details
3342 on supported disk file formats. The Didaktik 80 may only be used with
3343 16K, 48K and TC2048 emulation. To press the Didaktik 80's `SNAP' but‐
3344 ton, choose the Machine, Didaktik SNAP menu option.
3345
3347 Fuse supports emulating the DISCiPLE disk and printer interface, al‐
3348 though it does not currently support emulation of the Sinclair Network,
3349 or support emulation of a DISCiPLE attached to a 128K machine. See the
3350 DISK FILE FORMATS section for more details on supported disk file for‐
3351 mats, which are the same as for +D emulation as described above. The
3352 DISCiPLE's printer port is emulated. (See the PRINTER EMULATION section
3353 for more details.) The DISCiPLE may only be used with 48K emulation at
3354 present. To access disks, you will first need to load GDOS, by insert‐
3355 ing a disk containing the DOS file (SYS) and entering “RUN”. Once DOS
3356 is loaded, you can load to/from DISCiPLE disks by prefixing filenames
3357 with `dn' where `n' is the number of the drive in use. For example,
3358 `LOAD d1"myfile"' would load the file named `myfile' from the emulated
3359 drive 1. Microdrive syntax may also be used.
3360 Snapshots can be saved in a similar manner to that of the +D as de‐
3362 scribed above, but note that GDOS on the DISCiPLE contains a bug which
3363 causes corruption as soon as the NMI button is pressed, affecting sav‐
3364 ing of snapshots, and also loading of snapshots that were originally
3365 saved with a +D or SAM Coupé. This will cause corruption even when a
3366 screenshot is printed, or if the menu is never even entered in the
3367 first place (due to Caps Shift not being pressed down, as is required
3368 for the DISCiPLE), provided that GDOS is loaded. This bug is not
3369 present in G+DOS on the +D. (Note: this was caused by saving/restoring
3370 the AF register twice in the NMI handler, where both AF and the AF'
3371 shadow register should have been saved/restored.)
3372 The NMI button works slightly differently on the DISCiPLE than on the
3374 +D. Caps Shift must be held down whilst pressing the NMI button, and
3375 there is no `X' option to exit the menu. Also, printing of screenshots
3376 requires GDOS to be loaded. Depending on the UI that you're using,
3377 holding down Caps Shift whilst choosing the Machine, NMI menu option
3378 may be slightly tricky, or even impossible. For the GTK UI, ensure
3379 that the Shift key is held before entering on the Machine menu. For
3380 the widget UI, it does not seem possible to perform this action.
3381
3383 Fuse supports several disk image formats in its +D, Didaktik, DISCiPLE
3384 and Beta 128 emulation.
3385 For reading:
3387 .UDI
3389 Ultra Disk Image; for specification please see
3390 http://faqwiki.zxnet.co.uk/wiki/UDI_format or http://zx‐
3391 mak.chat.ru/docs.htm
3392 This is the only image format which can store all the relevant
3394 information of the recorded data on a magnetic disk, so it can
3395 be used for any non standard disk format. Fuse can read all ex‐
3396 tended track types too (mixed FM/MFM, or tracks with `WEAK' data
3397 or even compressed tracks too).
3398 .FDI
3400 UKV Spectrum Debugger disk image format.
3401 .MGT .IMG
3403 DISCiPLE/+D file formats.
3404 .SAD
3406 For compatibility with SAM Coupé disk images using these for‐
3407 mats. Note that SAM Coupé `.DSK' images share the same format
3408 as `.MGT'.
3409 .D80 .D40
3411 Didaktik 80 and Didaktik 40 file formats.
3412 .TRD
3414 TR-DOS disk image. TRD and SCL sectors are loaded interleaved,
3415 therefore you might experience problems with TR-DOS ROMs that
3416 use the turbo format (sequential sectors); for detailed informa‐
3417 tion please see http://web.ar‐
3418 chive.org/web/20070808150548/http://www.ram‐
3419 soft.bbk.org/tech/tr-info.zip
3420 .SCL
3422 A simple archive format for TR-DOS disk files. For specification
3423 please see http://www.zx-modules.de/fileformats/sclformat.html
3424 .TD0
3426 Teledisk image format; Fuse supports only files which do not use
3427 the “Advanced Compression” option. Detailed description found in
3428 http://www.classiccmp.org/dunfield/img54306/td0notes.txt and
3429 https://web.ar‐
3430 chive.org/web/20130116072335/http://www.fpns.net/willy/wteledsk.htm
3431 .DSK
3433 CPC disk image format; Fuse supports the plain old and the new
3434 extended CPC format too. Further information please see the THE
3435 .DSK FORMAT section and the CPCEMU manual section 7.7.1
3436 http://www.cpc-emu.org/linux/cpcemu_e.txt or the
3437 http://www.cpctech.org.uk/docs/extdsk.html
3438 .OPD .OPU
3440 Opus Discovery file formats.
3441 Fuse supports most of the above formats for writing: .UDI .FDI .MGT
3443 .IMG .SAD .D80 .D40 .TRD .SCL .OPD .OPU .DSK (only the old CPC format).
3444 You can save disk images with any output format, just select the appro‐
3446 priate extension. (e.g. `elite3.udi' to save as an UDI file). If the
3447 appropriate libraries were available when libspectrum(3) was compiled,
3448 than Fuse will try to create UDI images with compressed tracks to save
3449 disk space. There is a .LOG `image' format for debugging purpose. This
3450 is a plain text file that contains three dumps of the loaded disk image
3451 at different details. Not all image formats can store all disk images.
3452 You cannot save a disk image with an inappropriate format that loses
3453 some information (e.g. variable track length or sector length).
3454
3456 Some copy protections have what is described as `weak/random' data.
3457 Each time the sector is read one or more bytes will change, the value
3458 may be random between consecutive reads of the same sector. Two disk
3459 image formats (Extended DSK and UDI) can store this type of data. Fuse
3460 can read and use weak sector data from EDSK and UDI files when present,
3461 and can save back weak sector data to UDI image format.
3462
3464 Fuse can save movies with sound in a specific file format (FMF). This
3465 recording is very fast, and has a moderate size, but you need to use
3466 the fmfconv(1) program in fuse-utils(1) to convert into regular video
3467 and/or audio files. The --movie-compr option allows you to set the
3468 compression level to None, Lossless or High. If zlib(3) is not avail‐
3469 able, only None is valid. The default when Zlib is available is Loss‐
3470 less. Recording a movie may slow down emulation, if you experience
3471 performance problems, you can try to set compression to None.
3472 Fuse records every displayed frame, so by default the recorded file has
3474 about 50 video frame per second. A standard video has about 24–30/s
3475 framerate, so if you set Options/General/Frame rate 1:n or the equiva‐
3476 lent --rate command line option to 2 than recording frame rate reduces
3477 about 25/s. The exact frame rate depends on the Z80 clock frequency
3478 which varies depending on the specific emulated machine.
3479 Note: You can see all of the “gfx” effects only if the Fuse frame rate
3481 option is set to 1, but in most cases you can safely use 2. Also, movie
3482 recording stops if the emulated machine is changed.
3483 The recorded sound sampling rate and the channel number is equal with
3485 the Fuse generated sound sampling rate (44100 Hz by default) and chan‐
3486 nel number (mono by default). The common sampling frequencies in stan‐
3487 dard video files are 44100 Hz and 48000 Hz. If you use --sound-freq
3488 command line option you can change the frequency.
3489 You can record stereo sound if you use AY stereo separation or the
3491 equivalent --separation command line switch.
3492 You can use fmfconv(1) to convert recorded movie file into a standard
3494 video file.
3495 Examples
3497 fuse --movie-start output.fmf --rate 2 --sound-freq 44100 --separation
3499 ACB
3500 start video recording about 25/s video frame rate and 44100 Hz sampling
3502 frequency stereo sound default compression level.
3503
3505 Assuming the appropriate libraries were available when libspectrum(3)
3506 was compiled, snapshots, tape images, dock cartridges and input record‐
3507 ing files (RZX) can be read from files compressed with bzip2(3),
3508 gzip(3) or zip(3) just as if they were uncompressed. In the zip case,
3509 only the first supported file found inside the archive is loaded.
3510 There is currently no support for reading compressed +3, DISCiPLE/+D or
3511 Beta disk images.
3512
3514 Selecting a startup filter doesn't work properly with user interfaces
3515 other than SDL, Win32 and GTK.
3516 Changing virtual consoles when using SVGAlib for joystick support
3518 causes Fuse to exit. If this is a problem, compile Fuse with the
3519 `--disable-ui-joystick' option.
3520 The poke finder can't search outside `normal' RAM.
3522 The libao file output devices not work properly with the GTK UI. No
3524 error reporting, but the created file does not contain any sound data.
3525 If you use a `weak' machine alsa09 makes a lot of clicks and pops and
3526 will output `ALSA: underrun, at least 0ms.' error messages.
3527
3529 ~/.fuserc
3530
3532 bzip2(3), fmfconv(1), fuse-utils(1), gzip(3), libspectrum(3),
3533 ogg123(1), xspect(1), xzx(1), zip(3).
3534 The comp.sys.sinclair Spectrum FAQ, at
3536 http://www.worldofspectrum.org/faq/index.html.
3537
3539 Philip Kendall (philip-fuse@shadowmagic.org.uk).
3540 Matan Ziv-Av wrote the SVGAlib and framebuffer UIs, the glib replace‐
3542 ment code, and did some work on the OSS-specific sound code and the
3543 original widget UI code.
3544 Russell Marks wrote the sound emulation and OSS-specific sound code,
3546 the joystick emulation, some of the printer code, and the original ver‐
3547 sion of this man page.
3548 John Elliott's lib765 and libdsk libraries were used for the original
3550 +3 disk and disk image support.
3551 Ian Collier wrote the ZX Printer emulation (for xz80).
3553 Darren Salt wrote the original versions of the code for +3 emulation,
3555 SLT support, MITSHM support (for the Xlib UI), TZX raw data blocks, RZX
3556 embedded snapshots and compression, the Kempston mouse emulation and
3557 made many improvements to the widget code.
3558 Alexander Yurchenko wrote the OpenBSD/Solaris-specific sound code.
3560 Fredrick Meunier wrote the TC2048, TS2068, Pentagon and Spectrum SE
3562 support, the CoreAudio sound code, as well as maintaining the OS X port
3563 and importing the graphics filter code.
3564 Ludvig Strigeus and The ScummVM project wrote the original graphics
3566 filter code.
3567 Dmitry Sanarin wrote the original Beta disk interface emulation (for
3569 Glukalka).
3570 Witold Filipczyk wrote the TC2068 support.
3572 Matthew Westcott wrote the AY logging code and the DivIDE emulation.
3574 Marek Januszewski wrote various bits of code to make Fuse work under
3576 Win32, including the DirectDraw user interface.
3577 Sergio Baldoví made many improvements to the Win32 UI.
3579 Stuart Brady wrote the DISCiPLE and +D emulation, Scorpion emulation
3581 and the HP-UX sound code.
3582 Garry Lancaster wrote the 8-bit IDE, ZXATASP and ZXCF interface emula‐
3584 tions.
3585 Gergely Szasz wrote the Interface 1, Microdrive emulation and Didak‐
3587 tik 80 emulation, the PAL TV scalers, the TV 3x scaler, the movie log‐
3588 ging code, the ALSA and libao sound code, the µPD765 disk controller
3589 used in the +3 and made many improvements to the widget code.
3590 Michael D Wynne wrote the original Opus disk interface emulation (for
3592 EightyOne).
3593 Patrik Persson wrote the SpeccyBoot emulation.
3595Version 1.6.0 27th February, 2021 fuse(1)