1full_index(1)               GRASS GIS User's Manual              full_index(1)
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GRASS GIS 8.2.0 Reference Manual

6       Geographic  Resources  Analysis Support System, commonly referred to as
7       GRASS GIS, is a Geographic Information System (GIS) used for geospatial
8       data  management  and analysis, image processing, graphics/maps produc‐
9       tion, spatial modeling, and visualization. GRASS is currently  used  in
10       academic  and  commercial settings around the world, as well as by many
11       governmental agencies and environmental consulting companies.
12
13       This reference manual details the use of modules distributed with  Geo‐
14       graphic  Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS), an open source (GNU
15       GPLed), image processing and geographic information system  (GIS).   Go
16       back to help overview
17
18   Display commands (d.*)
19       d.background                                                 Fills the graphics display frame with user defined color.
20
21       d.barscale                                                   Displays a barscale on the graphics monitor.
22
23       d.colorlist                                                  Outputs a list of all available display colors.
24
25       d.colortable                                                 Displays the color table associated with a raster map layer.
26
27       d.correlate                                                  Prints  a  graph  of the correlation between raster maps (in
28                                                                    pairs).
29
30       d.erase                                                      Erases the contents of the  active  graphics  display  frame
31                                                                    with user defined color.
32
33       d.font                                                       Selects  the  font  in  which  text will be displayed on the
34                                                                    user’s graphics monitor.
35
36       d.fontlist                                                   Lists the available fonts.
37
38       d.frame                                                      Manages display frames on the user’s graphics monitor.
39
40       d.geodesic                                                   Displays a geodesic line, tracing the shortest distance  be‐
41                                                                    tween  two geographic points along a great circle, in a lon‐
42                                                                    gitude/latitude data set.
43
44       d.graph                                                      Program for generating and displaying simple graphics on the
45                                                                    display monitor.
46
47       d.grid                                                       Overlays  a  user-specified grid in the active display frame
48                                                                    on the graphics monitor.
49
50       d.his                                                        Displays the result obtained by  combining  hue,  intensity,
51                                                                    and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster
52                                                                    map layers.
53
54       d.histogram                                                  Displays a histogram in the form of a pie or bar chart for a
55                                                                    user-specified raster map.
56
57       d.info                                                       Displays information about the active display monitor.
58
59       d.labels                                                     Displays  text  labels  (created with v.label) to the active
60                                                                    frame on the graphics monitor.
61
62       d.legend                                                     Displays a legend for a 2D or 3D raster map  in  the  active
63                                                                    frame of the graphics monitor.
64
65       d.legend.vect                                                Displays a vector legend in the active graphics frame.
66
67
68       d.linegraph                                                  Generates  and  displays  simple  line  graphs in the active
69                                                                    graphics monitor display frame.
70
71       d.mon                                                        Controls graphics display monitors from the command line.
72
73       d.northarrow                                                 Displays a north arrow on the graphics monitor.
74
75       d.out.file                                                   Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a graph‐
76                                                                    ics file.
77
78       d.path                                                       Finds shortest path for selected starting and ending node.
79
80       d.polar                                                      Draws  polar diagram of angle map such as aspect or flow di‐
81                                                                    rections
82
83       d.profile                                                    Plots profile of a transect.
84
85       d.rast.arrow                                                 Draws arrows representing cell aspect direction for a raster
86                                                                    map containing aspect data.
87
88       d.rast.edit                                                  Edits cell values in a raster map.
89
90       d.rast                                                       Displays  user-specified  raster  map in the active graphics
91                                                                    frame.
92
93       d.rast.leg                                                   Displays a raster map and its legend on a graphics window
94
95       d.rast.num                                                   Overlays cell category values on a raster map  displayed  in
96                                                                    the active graphics frame.
97
98       d.redraw                                                     Redraws the content of currently selected monitor.
99
100       d.rgb                                                        Displays three user-specified raster maps as red, green, and
101                                                                    blue overlays in the active graphics frame.
102
103       d.rhumbline                                                  Displays the rhumbline joining two longitude/latitude  coor‐
104                                                                    dinates.
105
106       d.shade                                                      Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
107
108       d.text                                                       Draws text in the active display frame on the graphics moni‐
109                                                                    tor using the current font.
110
111       d.title                                                      Create a TITLE for a raster map in a form suitable for  dis‐
112                                                                    play with d.text.
113
114       d.to.rast                                                    Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a raster
115                                                                    map.
116
117       d.vect.chart                                                 Displays charts of vector data in the active  frame  on  the
118                                                                    graphics monitor.
119
120       d.vect                                                       Displays  user-specified  vector  map in the active graphics
121                                                                    frame.
122
123       d.vect.thematic                                              Displays a thematic vector map in the active graphics frame.
124
125       d.what.rast                                                  Allows the user to interactively query raster map layers  at
126                                                                    user-selected locations.
127
128       d.what.vect                                                  Allows  the user to interactively query vector map layers at
129                                                                    user-selected locations.
130
131
132
133
134       d.where                                                      Identifies the geographic coordinates associated with  point
135                                                                    locations given in display coordinates.
136
137
138   Database commands (db.*)
139       db.columns                                                   List all columns for a given table.
140
141       db.connect                                                   Prints/sets general DB connection for current mapset.
142
143       db.copy                                                      Copy a table.
144
145       db.createdb                                                  Creates an empty database.
146
147       db.databases                                                 Lists all databases for a given driver and location.
148
149       db.describe                                                  Describes a table in detail.
150
151       db.drivers                                                   Lists all database drivers.
152
153       db.dropcolumn                                                Drops a column from selected attribute table.
154
155       db.dropdb                                                    Removes an existing database.
156
157       db.droptable                                                 Drops an attribute table.
158
159       db.execute                                                   Executes any SQL statement.
160
161       db.in.ogr                                                    Imports attribute tables in various formats.
162
163       db.login                                                     Sets user/password for DB driver/database.
164
165       db.out.ogr                                                   Exports attribute tables into various formats.
166
167       db.select                                                    Selects data from attribute table.
168
169       db.tables                                                    Lists all tables for a given database.
170
171       db.test                                                      Test database driver, database must exist and set by db.con‐
172                                                                    nect.
173
174       db.univar                                                    Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column.
175
176
177   General commands (g.*)
178       g.access                                                     Controls access to the current mapset for other users on the
179                                                                    system.
180
181       g.cairocomp                                                  Overlays multiple X Pixmaps.
182
183       g.copy                                                       Creates copies of maps and other elements
184
185       g.dirseps                                                    Internal  GRASS  utility  for converting directory separator
186                                                                    characters.
187
188       g.download.location                                          Download GRASS Location from the web
189
190       g.extension.all                                              Rebuilds or removes all locally installed GRASS  Addons  ex‐
191                                                                    tensions.
192
193       g.extension                                                  Maintains  GRASS  Addons extensions in local GRASS installa‐
194                                                                    tion.
195
196       g.filename                                                   Prints GRASS data base file names.
197
198
199
200       g.findetc                                                    Searches for GRASS support files.
201
202       g.findfile                                                   Searches for GRASS data base files and  sets  variables  for
203                                                                    the shell.
204
205       g.gisenv                                                     Outputs  and modifies the user’s current GRASS variable set‐
206                                                                    tings.
207
208       g.gui.animation                                              Tool for animating a series of raster and vector maps  or  a
209                                                                    space time raster or vector dataset.
210
211       g.gui.datacatalog                                            Tool for browsing, modifying and managing GRASS maps.
212
213       g.gui.dbmgr                                                  Launches graphical attribute table manager.
214
215       g.gui.gcp                                                    Georectifies  a  map  and  allows  managing  Ground  Control
216                                                                    Points.
217
218       g.gui.gmodeler                                               Graphical Modeler.
219
220       g.gui                                                        Launches a GRASS graphical user interface (GUI) session.
221
222       g.gui.iclass                                                 Tool for supervised classification of imagery data.
223
224       g.gui.image2target                                           Georectifies a map and allows managing Ground Control Points
225                                                                    for 3D correction.
226
227       g.gui.mapswipe                                               Interactively compares two maps by swiping a visibility bar.
228
229       g.gui.photo2image                                            Corrects scanning distortions of a paper photo.
230
231       g.gui.psmap                                                  Tool for creating hardcopy map outputs.
232
233       g.gui.rdigit                                                 Interactive editing and digitizing of raster maps.
234
235       g.gui.rlisetup                                               Configuration tool for r.li modules.
236
237       g.gui.timeline                                               Allows  comparing temporal datasets by displaying their tem‐
238                                                                    poral extents in a plot.
239
240       g.gui.tplot                                                  Plots the values of temporal datasets.
241
242       g.gui.vdigit                                                 Interactive editing and digitization of vector maps.
243
244       g.list                                                       Lists available GRASS data base files of the  user-specified
245                                                                    data type optionally using the search pattern.
246
247       g.manual                                                     Displays the manual pages of GRASS modules.
248
249       g.mapset                                                     Changes/reports current mapset.
250
251       g.mapsets                                                    Modifies/prints the user’s current mapset search path.
252
253       g.message                                                    Prints  a message, warning, progress info, or fatal error in
254                                                                    the GRASS way.
255
256       g.mkfontcap                                                  Generates the font configuration file  by  scanning  various
257                                                                    directories for fonts.
258
259       g.parser                                                     Provides  automated  parser, GUI, and help support for GRASS
260                                                                    scipts.
261
262       g.pnmcomp                                                    Overlays multiple PPM image files.
263
264
265
266       g.ppmtopng                                                   Converts between PPM/PGM and PNG image formats.
267
268       g.proj                                                       Prints or modifies GRASS projection  information  files  (in
269                                                                    various co-ordinate system descriptions).
270
271       g.region                                                     Manages the boundary definitions for the geographic region.
272
273       g.remove                                                     Removes  data  base  element  files  from the user’s current
274                                                                    mapset using the search pattern.
275
276       g.rename                                                     Renames data  base  element  files  in  the  user’s  current
277                                                                    mapset.
278
279       g.search.modules                                             Search in GRASS modules using keywords
280
281       g.tempfile                                                   Creates a temporary file and prints it’s file name.
282
283       g.version                                                    Displays GRASS GIS version info.
284
285
286   Imagery commands (i.*)
287       i.albedo                                                     Computes broad band albedo from surface reflectance.
288
289       i.aster.toar                                                 Calculates Top of Atmosphere Radiance/Reflectance/Brightness
290                                                                    Temperature from ASTER DN.
291
292       i.atcorr                                                     Performs atmospheric correction using the 6S algorithm.
293
294       i.band.library                                               Prints available semantic label information used for  multi‐
295                                                                    spectral data.
296
297       i.biomass                                                    Computes  biomass  growth,  precursor of crop yield calcula‐
298                                                                    tion.
299
300       i.cca                                                        Canonical components analysis (CCA) program for  image  pro‐
301                                                                    cessing.
302
303       i.cluster                                                    Generates spectral signatures for land cover types in an im‐
304                                                                    age using a clustering algorithm.
305
306       i.colors.enhance                                             Performs auto-balancing of colors for RGB images.
307
308       i.eb.eta                                                     Actual evapotranspiration for diurnal period  (Bastiaanssen,
309                                                                    1995).
310
311       i.eb.evapfr                                                  Computes evaporative fraction and root zone soil moisture.
312
313       i.eb.hsebal01                                                Computes sensible heat flux iteration SEBAL 01.
314
315       i.eb.netrad                                                  Net radiation approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
316
317       i.eb.soilheatflux                                            Soil heat flux approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
318
319       i.emissivity                                                 Computes  emissivity  from  NDVI,  generic method for sparse
320                                                                    land.
321
322       i.evapo.mh                                                   Computes evapotranspiration calculation modified or original
323                                                                    Hargreaves formulation, 2001.
324
325       i.evapo.pm                                                   Computes   potential   evapotranspiration  calculation  with
326                                                                    hourly Penman-Monteith.
327
328       i.evapo.pt                                                   Computes evapotranspiration calculation Priestley and Taylor
329                                                                    formulation, 1972.
330
331
332       i.evapo.time                                                 Computes  temporal  integration of satellite ET actual (ETa)
333                                                                    following the daily ET reference (ETo)  from  meteorological
334                                                                    station(s).
335
336       i.fft                                                        Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for image processing.
337
338       i.gensig                                                     Generates statistics for i.maxlik from raster map.
339
340       i.gensigset                                                  Generates statistics for i.smap from raster map.
341
342       i.group                                                      Creates, edits, and lists groups of imagery data.
343
344       i.his.rgb                                                    Transforms  raster  maps from HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation)
345                                                                    color space to RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space.
346
347       i.ifft                                                       Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) for image processing.
348
349       i.image.mosaic                                               Mosaics several images and extends colormap.
350
351       i.in.spotvgt                                                 Imports SPOT VGT NDVI data into a raster map.
352
353       i.landsat.acca                                               Performs Landsat TM/ETM+ Automatic  Cloud  Cover  Assessment
354                                                                    (ACCA).
355
356       i.landsat.toar                                               Calculates  top-of-atmosphere  radiance  or  reflectance and
357                                                                    temperature for Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI
358
359       i.maxlik                                                     Classifies the cell spectral reflectances in imagery data.
360
361       i.modis.qc                                                   Extracts quality control parameters from MODIS QC layers.
362
363       i.oif                                                        Calculates Optimum-Index-Factor table for spectral bands
364
365       i.ortho.camera                                               Select and modify the imagery group camera reference file.
366
367       i.ortho.elev                                                 Select or modify the target elevation model.
368
369       i.ortho.init                                                 Interactively creates or modifies entries in a  camera  ini‐
370                                                                    tial exposure station file for imagery group referenced by a
371                                                                    sub-block.
372
373       i.ortho.photo                                                Menu driver for the photo imagery programs.
374
375       i.ortho.rectify                                              Orthorectifies an image by using the image to photo  coordi‐
376                                                                    nate transformation matrix.
377
378       i.ortho.target                                               Select or modify the imagery group target.
379
380       i.ortho.transform                                            Computes  a  coordinate  transformation based on the control
381                                                                    points.
382
383       i.pansharpen                                                 Image  fusion  algorithms  to  sharpen  multispectral   with
384                                                                    high-res panchromatic channels
385
386       i.pca                                                        Principal components analysis (PCA) for image processing.
387
388       i.rectify                                                    Rectifies  an image by computing a coordinate transformation
389                                                                    for each pixel in the image based on the control points.
390
391       i.rgb.his                                                    Transforms raster maps from RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space
392                                                                    to HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space.
393
394       i.segment                                                    Identifies segments (objects) from imagery data.
395
396
397
398       i.smap                                                       Performs  contextual  image  classification using sequential
399                                                                    maximum a posteriori (SMAP) estimation.
400
401       i.spectral                                                   Displays spectral response at user  specified  locations  in
402                                                                    group or images.
403
404       i.target                                                     Targets an imagery group to a GRASS location and mapset.
405
406       i.tasscap                                                    Performs Tasseled Cap (Kauth Thomas) transformation.
407
408       i.topo.corr                                                  Computes topographic correction of reflectance.
409
410       i.vi                                                         Calculates different types of vegetation indices.
411
412       i.zc                                                         Zero-crossing  "edge  detection"  raster  function for image
413                                                                    processing.
414
415
416   Miscellaneous commands (m.*)
417       m.cogo                                                       A simple utility for converting bearing  and  distance  mea‐
418                                                                    surements to coordinates and vice versa.
419
420       m.measure                                                    Measures the lengths and areas of features.
421
422       m.nviz.image                                                 Creates a 3D rendering of GIS data.
423
424       m.nviz.script                                                Creates fly-through script to run in NVIZ.
425
426       m.proj                                                       Converts  coordinates  from one projection to another (cs2cs
427                                                                    frontend).
428
429       m.transform                                                  Computes a coordinate transformation based  on  the  control
430                                                                    points.
431
432
433   PostScript commands (ps.*)
434       ps.map                                                       Produces hardcopy PostScript map output.
435
436
437   Raster commands (r.*)
438       r.basins.fill                                                Generates watershed subbasins raster map.
439
440       r.blend                                                      Blends color components of two raster maps by a given ratio.
441
442       r.buffer                                                     Creates  a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding cells
443                                                                    that contain non-NULL category values.
444
445       r.buffer.lowmem                                              Creates a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding  cells
446                                                                    that contain non-NULL category values.
447
448       r.buildvrt                                                   Build  a  VRT (Virtual Raster) from the list of input raster
449                                                                    maps.
450
451       r.carve                                                      Generates stream channels.
452
453       r.category                                                   Manages  category  values   and   labels   associated   with
454                                                                    user-specified raster map layers.
455
456       r.circle                                                     Creates  a  raster  map containing concentric rings around a
457                                                                    given point.
458
459       r.clump                                                      Recategorizes data in a raster map by  grouping  cells  that
460                                                                    form physically discrete areas into unique categories.
461
462
463
464       r.coin                                                       Tabulates  the mutual occurrence (coincidence) of categories
465                                                                    for two raster map layers.
466
467       r.colors                                                     Creates/modifies the color table associated  with  a  raster
468                                                                    map.
469
470       r.colors.out                                                 Exports the color table associated with a raster map.
471
472       r.colors.stddev                                              Sets  color  rules  based on stddev from a raster map’s mean
473                                                                    value.
474
475       r.composite                                                  Combines red, green and blue raster maps into a single  com‐
476                                                                    posite raster map.
477
478       r.compress                                                   Compresses and decompresses raster maps.
479
480       r.contour                                                    Produces  a  vector  map of specified contours from a raster
481                                                                    map.
482
483       r.cost                                                       Creates a raster map showing the cumulative cost  of  moving
484                                                                    between  different  geographic  locations on an input raster
485                                                                    map whose cell category values represent cost.
486
487       r.covar                                                      Outputs a covariance/correlation matrix  for  user-specified
488                                                                    raster map layer(s).
489
490       r.cross                                                      Creates a cross product of the category values from multiple
491                                                                    raster map layers.
492
493       r.describe                                                   Prints terse list of category values found in a  raster  map
494                                                                    layer.
495
496       r.distance                                                   Locates  the  closest  points  between objects in two raster
497                                                                    maps.
498
499       r.drain                                                      Traces a flow through an elevation model or cost surface  on
500                                                                    a raster map.
501
502       r.external                                                   Links  GDAL  supported  raster data as a pseudo GRASS raster
503                                                                    map.
504
505       r.external.out                                               Redirects raster  output  to  file  utilizing  GDAL  library
506                                                                    rather than storing in GRASS raster format.
507
508       r.fill.dir                                                   Filters  and  generates a depressionless elevation map and a
509                                                                    flow direction map from a given elevation raster map.
510
511       r.fill.stats                                                 Rapidly fills ’no data’ cells (NULLs) of a raster  map  with
512                                                                    interpolated values (IDW).
513
514       r.fillnulls                                                  Fills  no-data  areas in raster maps using spline interpola‐
515                                                                    tion.
516
517       r.flow                                                       Constructs flowlines.
518
519       r.geomorphon                                                 Calculates geomorphons (terrain forms) and associated geome‐
520                                                                    try using machine vision approach.
521
522       r.grow.distance                                              Generates  a  raster  map  containing  distances  to nearest
523                                                                    raster features and/or the value  of  the  nearest  non-null
524                                                                    cell.
525
526       r.grow                                                       Generates  a raster map layer with contiguous areas grown by
527                                                                    one cell.
528
529
530       r.gwflow                                                     Numerical calculation program for  transient,  confined  and
531                                                                    unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
532
533       r.his                                                        Generates  red,  green and blue (RGB) raster map layers com‐
534                                                                    bining hue,  intensity  and  saturation  (HIS)  values  from
535                                                                    user-specified input raster map layers.
536
537       r.horizon                                                    Computes  horizon  angle  height  from  a  digital elevation
538                                                                    model.
539
540       r.import                                                     Imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using  GDAL  li‐
541                                                                    brary and reprojects on the fly.
542
543       r.in.ascii                                                   Converts a GRASS ASCII raster file to binary raster map.
544
545       r.in.aster                                                   Georeference,  rectify,  and  import Terra-ASTER imagery and
546                                                                    relative DEMs using gdalwarp.
547
548       r.in.bin                                                     Import a binary raster file into a GRASS raster map layer.
549
550       r.in.gdal                                                    Imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using  GDAL  li‐
551                                                                    brary.
552
553       r.in.gridatb                                                 Imports  GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL) into a GRASS raster
554                                                                    map.
555
556       r.in.mat                                                     Imports a binary MAT-File(v4) to a GRASS raster.
557
558       r.in.pdal                                                    Creates a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using  univariate
559                                                                    statistics.
560
561       r.in.png                                                     Imports non-georeferenced PNG format image.
562
563       r.in.poly                                                    Creates  raster  maps  from  ASCII  polygon/line/point  data
564                                                                    files.
565
566       r.in.srtm                                                    Imports SRTM HGT files into raster map.
567
568       r.in.wms                                                     Downloads and imports data from OGC WMS  and  OGC  WMTS  web
569                                                                    mapping servers.
570
571       r.in.xyz                                                     Creates  a raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates
572                                                                    using univariate statistics.
573
574       r.info                                                       Outputs basic information about a raster map.
575
576       r.kappa                                                      Calculates error matrix and kappa parameter for accuracy as‐
577                                                                    sessment of classification result.
578
579       r.lake                                                       Fills lake at given point to given level.
580
581       r.latlong                                                    Creates a latitude/longitude raster map.
582
583       r.li.cwed                                                    Calculates  contrast weighted edge density index on a raster
584                                                                    map
585
586       r.li.daemon                                                  Support module for r.li landscape index calculations.
587
588       r.li.dominance                                               Calculates dominance’s diversity index on a raster map
589
590       r.li.edgedensity                                             Calculates edge density index on a raster  map,  using  a  4
591                                                                    neighbour algorithm
592
593       r.li                                                         Toolset for multiscale analysis of landscape structure
594
595
596       r.li.mpa                                                     Calculates mean pixel attribute index on a raster map
597
598       r.li.mps                                                     Calculates  mean patch size index on a raster map, using a 4
599                                                                    neighbour algorithm
600
601       r.li.padcv                                                   Calculates coefficient of  variation  of  patch  area  on  a
602                                                                    raster map
603
604       r.li.padrange                                                Calculates range of patch area size on a raster map
605
606       r.li.padsd                                                   Calculates standard deviation of patch area a raster map
607
608       r.li.patchdensity                                            Calculates  patch  density  index on a raster map, using a 4
609                                                                    neighbour algorithm
610
611       r.li.patchnum                                                Calculates patch number index on a raster  map,  using  a  4
612                                                                    neighbour algorithm.
613
614       r.li.pielou                                                  Calculates Pielou’s diversity index on a raster map
615
616       r.li.renyi                                                   Calculates Renyi’s diversity index on a raster map
617
618       r.li.richness                                                Calculates richness index on a raster map
619
620       r.li.shannon                                                 Calculates Shannon’s diversity index on a raster map
621
622       r.li.shape                                                   Calculates shape index on a raster map
623
624       r.li.simpson                                                 Calculates Simpson’s diversity index on a raster map
625
626       r.mapcalc                                                    Raster map calculator.
627
628       r.mapcalc.simple                                             Calculates  a new raster map from a simple r.mapcalc expres‐
629                                                                    sion.
630
631       r.mask                                                       Creates a MASK for limiting raster operation.
632
633       r.mfilter                                                    Performs raster map matrix filter.
634
635       r.mode                                                       Finds the mode of values in a cover  map  within  areas  as‐
636                                                                    signed the same category value in a user-specified base map.
637
638       r.neighbors                                                  Makes  each  cell  category value a function of the category
639                                                                    values assigned to the cells around it, and stores new  cell
640                                                                    values in an output raster map layer.
641
642       r.null                                                       Manages NULL-values of given raster map.
643
644       r.object.geometry                                            Calculates geometry parameters for raster objects.
645
646       r.out.ascii                                                  Converts a raster map layer into a GRASS ASCII text file.
647
648       r.out.bin                                                    Exports a GRASS raster to a binary array.
649
650       r.out.gdal                                                   Exports GRASS raster maps into GDAL supported formats.
651
652       r.out.gridatb                                                Exports GRASS raster map to GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL).
653
654       r.out.mat                                                    Exports a GRASS raster to a binary MAT-File.
655
656       r.out.mpeg                                                   Converts raster map series to MPEG movie.
657
658       r.out.png                                                    Export a GRASS raster map as a non-georeferenced PNG image.
659
660
661
662       r.out.pov                                                    Converts  a  raster  map  layer into a height-field file for
663                                                                    POV-Ray.
664
665       r.out.ppm                                                    Converts a GRASS raster map to a PPM image file.
666
667       r.out.ppm3                                                   Converts 3 GRASS raster layers (R,G,B) to a PPM image file.
668
669       r.out.vrml                                                   Exports a raster map to the Virtual  Reality  Modeling  Lan‐
670                                                                    guage (VRML).
671
672       r.out.vtk                                                    Converts raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
673
674       r.out.xyz                                                    Exports a raster map to a text file as x,y,z values based on
675                                                                    cell centers.
676
677       r.pack                                                       Exports a raster map as GRASS GIS specific archive file
678
679       r.param.scale                                                Extracts terrain parameters from a DEM.
680
681       r.patch                                                      Creates a composite raster map layer by using known category
682                                                                    values  from  one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in areas of
683                                                                    "no data" in another map layer.
684
685       r.path                                                       Traces paths from starting  points  following  input  direc‐
686                                                                    tions.
687
688       r.plane                                                      Creates  raster  plane  map  given dip (inclination), aspect
689                                                                    (azimuth) and one point.
690
691       r.profile                                                    Outputs the raster map layer values  lying  on  user-defined
692                                                                    line(s).
693
694       r.proj                                                       Re-projects  a raster map from given location to the current
695                                                                    location.
696
697       r.quant                                                      Produces the quantization file for a floating-point map.
698
699       r.quantile                                                   Compute quantiles using two passes.
700
701       r.random.cells                                               Generates random cell values with spatial dependence.
702
703       r.random                                                     Creates randomly placed raster cells or vector points
704
705       r.random.surface                                             Generates random surface(s) with spatial dependence.
706
707       r.reclass.area                                               Reclasses a raster map greater or less than  user  specified
708                                                                    area size (in hectares).
709
710       r.reclass                                                    Reclassify raster map based on category values.
711
712       r.recode                                                     Recodes categorical raster maps.
713
714       r.region                                                     Sets the boundary definitions for a raster map.
715
716       r.regression.line                                            Calculates  linear  regression from two raster maps: y = a +
717                                                                    b*x.
718
719       r.regression.multi                                           Calculates multiple linear regression from raster maps.
720
721       r.relief                                                     Creates shaded relief map from an elevation map (DEM).
722
723       r.report                                                     Reports statistics for raster maps.
724
725
726
727
728       r.resamp.bspline                                             Performs  bilinear  or  bicubic  spline  interpolation  with
729                                                                    Tykhonov regularization.
730
731       r.resamp.filter                                              Resamples raster map layers using an analytic kernel.
732
733       r.resamp.interp                                              Resamples raster map to a finer grid using interpolation.
734
735       r.resamp.rst                                                 Reinterpolates  and optionally computes topographic analysis
736                                                                    from input raster map to a new  raster  map  (possibly  with
737                                                                    different  resolution) using regularized spline with tension
738                                                                    and smoothing.
739
740       r.resamp.stats                                               Resamples raster map layers to a coarser grid using aggrega‐
741                                                                    tion.
742
743       r.resample                                                   GRASS raster map layer data resampling capability.
744
745       r.rescale.eq                                                 Rescales histogram equalized the range of category values in
746                                                                    a raster map layer.
747
748       r.rescale                                                    Rescales the range of category values in a raster map layer.
749
750       r.rgb                                                        Splits a raster map into red, green and blue maps.
751
752       r.ros                                                        Generates rate of spread raster maps.
753
754       r.semantic.label                                             Manages semantic label  information  assigned  to  a  single
755                                                                    raster map or to a list of raster maps.
756
757       r.series.accumulate                                          Makes  each  output cell value a accumulationfunction of the
758                                                                    values assigned to the  corresponding  cells  in  the  input
759                                                                    raster map layers.
760
761       r.series                                                     Makes  each  output  cell value a function of the values as‐
762                                                                    signed to the corresponding cells in the  input  raster  map
763                                                                    layers.
764
765       r.series.interp                                              Interpolates  raster  maps  located (temporal or spatial) in
766                                                                    between input raster maps at specific sampling positions.
767
768       r.shade                                                      Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
769
770       r.sim.sediment                                               Sediment transport and erosion/deposition  simulation  using
771                                                                    path sampling method (SIMWE).
772
773       r.sim.water                                                  Overland  flow  hydrologic  simulation  using  path sampling
774                                                                    method (SIMWE).
775
776       r.slope.aspect                                               Generates raster maps of slope, aspect, curvatures and  par‐
777                                                                    tial derivatives from an elevation raster map.
778
779       r.solute.transport                                           Numerical  calculation  program  for transient, confined and
780                                                                    unconfined solute transport in two dimensions
781
782       r.spread                                                     Simulates elliptically anisotropic spread.
783
784       r.spreadpath                                                 Recursively traces the least cost path  backwards  to  cells
785                                                                    from which the cumulative cost was determined.
786
787       r.statistics                                                 Calculates category or object oriented statistics.
788
789       r.stats                                                      Generates area statistics for raster map.
790
791       r.stats.quantile                                             Compute category quantiles using two passes.
792
793
794       r.stats.zonal                                                Calculates category or object oriented statistics (accumula‐
795                                                                    tor-based statistics).
796
797       r.stream.extract                                             Performs stream network extraction.
798
799       r.sun                                                        Solar irradiance and irradiation model.
800
801       r.sunhours                                                   Calculates solar elevation, solar azimuth, and sun hours.
802
803       r.sunmask                                                    Calculates cast shadow areas from sun position and elevation
804                                                                    raster map.
805
806       r.support                                                    Allows creation and/or modification of raster map layer sup‐
807                                                                    port files.
808
809       r.support.stats                                              Update raster map statistics
810
811       r.surf.area                                                  Prints estimation of surface area for raster map.
812
813       r.surf.contour                                               Generates surface raster map from rasterized contours.
814
815       r.surf.fractal                                               Creates a fractal surface of a given fractal dimension.
816
817       r.surf.gauss                                                 Generates a raster map using gaussian random number  genera‐
818                                                                    tor.
819
820       r.surf.idw                                                   Provides surface interpolation from raster point data by In‐
821                                                                    verse Distance Squared Weighting.
822
823       r.surf.random                                                Produces a raster surface map  of  uniform  random  deviates
824                                                                    with defined range.
825
826       r.terraflow                                                  Performs flow computation for massive grids.
827
828       r.texture                                                    Generate images with textural features from a raster map.
829
830       r.thin                                                       Thins non-null cells that denote linear features in a raster
831                                                                    map layer.
832
833       r.tile                                                       Splits a raster map into tiles.
834
835       r.tileset                                                    Produces tilings of the source projection  for  use  in  the
836                                                                    destination region and projection.
837
838       r.timestamp                                                  Modifies a timestamp for a raster map.
839
840       r.to.rast3                                                   Converts 2D raster map slices to one 3D raster volume map.
841
842       r.to.rast3elev                                               Creates  a  3D  volume  map  based on 2D elevation and value
843                                                                    raster maps.
844
845       r.to.vect                                                    Converts a raster map into a vector map.
846
847       r.topidx                                                     Creates a topographic index (wetness index) raster map  from
848                                                                    an elevation raster map.
849
850       r.topmodel                                                   Simulates  TOPMODEL  which  is a physically based hydrologic
851                                                                    model.
852
853       r.transect                                                   Outputs raster map layer values  lying  along  user  defined
854                                                                    transect line(s).
855
856       r.univar                                                     Calculates  univariate statistics from the non-null cells of
857                                                                    a raster map.
858
859
860       r.unpack                                                     Imports a GRASS GIS specific  raster  archive  file  (packed
861                                                                    with r.pack) as a raster map
862
863       r.uslek                                                      Computes USLE Soil Erodibility Factor (K).
864
865       r.usler                                                      Computes USLE R factor, Rainfall erosivity index.
866
867       r.viewshed                                                   Computes the viewshed of a point on an elevation raster map.
868
869       r.volume                                                     Calculates the volume of data "clumps".
870
871       r.walk                                                       Creates a raster map showing the anisotropic cumulative cost
872                                                                    of moving between different geographic locations on an input
873                                                                    raster map whose cell category values represent cost.
874
875       r.water.outlet                                               Creates watershed basins from a drainage direction map.
876
877       r.watershed                                                  Calculates hydrological parameters and RUSLE factors.
878
879       r.what.color                                                 Queries colors for a raster map layer.
880
881       r.what                                                       Queries  raster  maps  on their category values and category
882                                                                    labels.
883
884
885   3d raster commands (r3.*)
886       r3.colors                                                    Creates/modifies the color table associated with a 3D raster
887                                                                    map.
888
889       r3.colors.out                                                Exports the color table associated with a 3D raster map.
890
891       r3.cross.rast                                                Creates cross section 2D raster map from 3D raster map based
892                                                                    on 2D elevation map
893
894       r3.flow                                                      Computes 3D flow lines and 3D flow accumulation.
895
896       r3.gradient                                                  Computes gradient of a 3D raster map  and  outputs  gradient
897                                                                    components as three 3D raster maps.
898
899       r3.gwflow                                                    Numerical   calculation   program  for  transient,  confined
900                                                                    groundwater flow in three dimensions.
901
902       r3.in.ascii                                                  Converts a 3D ASCII raster text  file  into  a  (binary)  3D
903                                                                    raster map.
904
905       r3.in.bin                                                    Imports a binary raster file into a GRASS 3D raster map.
906
907       r3.in.v5d                                                    Import 3-dimensional Vis5D files.
908
909       r3.in.xyz                                                    Create  a  3D  raster map from an assemblage of many coordi‐
910                                                                    nates using univariate statistics
911
912       r3.info                                                      Outputs basic information about a user-specified  3D  raster
913                                                                    map layer.
914
915       r3.mapcalc                                                   Raster map calculator.
916
917       r3.mask                                                      Establishes the current working 3D raster mask.
918
919       r3.mkdspf                                                    Creates  a  display  file from an existing 3D raster map ac‐
920                                                                    cording to specified threshold levels.
921
922
923
924
925
926       r3.neighbors                                                 Makes each voxel value a function of the values assigned  to
927                                                                    the voxels around it, and stores new voxel values in an out‐
928                                                                    put 3D raster map
929
930       r3.null                                                      Explicitly create the 3D NULL-value bitmap file.
931
932       r3.out.ascii                                                 Converts a 3D raster map layer into a ASCII text file.
933
934       r3.out.bin                                                   Exports a GRASS 3D raster map to a binary array.
935
936       r3.out.netcdf                                                Export a 3D raster map as netCDF file.
937
938       r3.out.v5d                                                   Exports GRASS 3D raster map to 3-dimensional Vis5D file.
939
940       r3.out.vtk                                                   Converts 3D raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
941
942       r3.retile                                                    Retiles an existing 3D raster map with user defined x, y and
943                                                                    z tile size.
944
945       r3.stats                                                     Generates volume statistics for 3D raster maps.
946
947       r3.support                                                   Allows  creation  and/or modification of 3D raster map layer
948                                                                    support files.
949
950       r3.timestamp                                                 Modifies a timestamp for a 3D raster map.
951
952       r3.to.rast                                                   Converts 3D raster maps to 2D raster maps
953
954       r3.univar                                                    Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells  of
955                                                                    a 3D raster map.
956
957
958   Temporal commands (t.*)
959       t.connect                                                    Prints/sets  general  temporal  GIS  database connection for
960                                                                    current mapset.
961
962       t.copy                                                       Creates a copy of a space time raster dataset.
963
964       t.create                                                     Creates a space time dataset.
965
966       t.info                                                       Lists information about space time datasets and maps.
967
968       t.list                                                       Lists space time datasets and maps registered in the  tempo‐
969                                                                    ral database.
970
971       t.merge                                                      Merges  several space time datasets into a single space time
972                                                                    dataset.
973
974       t.rast.accdetect                                             Detects  accumulation  patterns  in  temporally  accumulated
975                                                                    space time raster datasets created by t.rast.accumulate.
976
977       t.rast.accumulate                                            Computes   cyclic  accumulations  of  a  space  time  raster
978                                                                    dataset.
979
980       t.rast.aggregate.ds                                          Aggregates data of an existing space time raster dataset us‐
981                                                                    ing the time intervals of a second space time dataset.
982
983       t.rast.aggregate                                             Aggregates  temporally  the  maps  of  a  space  time raster
984                                                                    dataset by a user defined granularity.
985
986       t.rast.algebra                                               Apply temporal and spatial operations on space  time  raster
987                                                                    datasets using temporal raster algebra.
988
989
990
991
992       t.rast.colors                                                Creates/modifies the color table associated with each raster
993                                                                    map of the space time raster dataset.
994
995       t.rast.contour                                               Produces a space time vector dataset of  specified  contours
996                                                                    from a space time raster dataset.
997
998       t.rast.export                                                Exports space time raster dataset.
999
1000       t.rast.extract                                               Extracts a subset of a space time raster datasets.
1001
1002       t.rast.gapfill                                               Replaces  gaps  in a space time raster dataset with interpo‐
1003                                                                    lated raster maps.
1004
1005       t.rast.import                                                Imports space time raster dataset.
1006
1007       t.rast.list                                                  Lists registered maps of a space time raster dataset.
1008
1009       t.rast.mapcalc                                               Performs spatio-temporal mapcalc expressions  on  temporally
1010                                                                    sampled maps of space time raster datasets.
1011
1012       t.rast.neighbors                                             Performs  a  neighborhood  analysis  for each map in a space
1013                                                                    time raster dataset.
1014
1015       t.rast.out.vtk                                               Exports space time raster dataset as VTK time series.
1016
1017       t.rast.series                                                Performs different aggregation algorithms from  r.series  on
1018                                                                    all  or  a  subset  of  raster  maps  in a space time raster
1019                                                                    dataset.
1020
1021       t.rast.to.rast3                                              Converts a space time raster dataset into a 3D raster map.
1022
1023       t.rast.to.vect                                               Converts a space time raster dataset into a space time  vec‐
1024                                                                    tor dataset
1025
1026       t.rast.univar                                                Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for
1027                                                                    each registered raster map of a space time raster dataset.
1028
1029       t.rast.what                                                  Sample a space time raster dataset at specific vector  point
1030                                                                    coordinates  and  write the output to stdout using different
1031                                                                    layouts
1032
1033       t.rast3d.algebra                                             Apply temporal and  spatial  operations  on  space  time  3D
1034                                                                    raster datasets using temporal 3D raster algebra.
1035
1036       t.rast3d.extract                                             Extracts a subset of a space time 3D raster dataset.
1037
1038       t.rast3d.list                                                Lists registered maps of a space time raster3d dataset.
1039
1040       t.rast3d.mapcalc                                             Performs  r3.mapcalc  expressions  on  maps of sampled space
1041                                                                    time 3D raster datasets.
1042
1043       t.rast3d.univar                                              Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for
1044                                                                    each  registered  3D  raster  map  of a space time 3D raster
1045                                                                    dataset.
1046
1047       t.register                                                   Assigns timestamps and registers raster, vector and raster3d
1048                                                                    maps in a space time dataset.
1049
1050       t.remove                                                     Removes space time datasets from temporal database.
1051
1052       t.rename                                                     Renames a space time dataset
1053
1054       t.sample                                                     Samples  the input space time dataset(s) with a sample space
1055                                                                    time dataset and print the result to stdout.
1056
1057
1058       t.select                                                     Select maps from space time datasets  by  topological  rela‐
1059                                                                    tionships  to other space time datasets using temporal alge‐
1060                                                                    bra.
1061
1062       t.shift                                                      Shifts temporally the maps of a space time dataset.
1063
1064       t.snap                                                       Snaps temporally the maps of a space time dataset.
1065
1066       t.support                                                    Modifies the metadata of a space time dataset.
1067
1068       t.topology                                                   Lists temporal topology of a space time dataset.
1069
1070       t.unregister                                                 Unregisters raster, vector and raster3d maps from the tempo‐
1071                                                                    ral database or a specific space time dataset.
1072
1073       t.upgrade                                                    Upgrades the version of the temporal database.
1074
1075       t.vect.algebra                                               Apply  temporal  and spatial operations on space time vector
1076                                                                    datasets using temporal vector algebra.
1077
1078       t.vect.db.select                                             Prints attributes of vector maps registered in a space  time
1079                                                                    vector dataset.
1080
1081       t.vect.export                                                Exports  a  space  time vector dataset as GRASS GIS specific
1082                                                                    archive file.
1083
1084       t.vect.extract                                               Extracts a subset of a space time vector dataset.
1085
1086       t.vect.import                                                Imports a space time vector dataset from a  GRASS  GIS  spe‐
1087                                                                    cific archive file.
1088
1089       t.vect.list                                                  Lists registered maps of a space time vector dataset.
1090
1091       t.vect.observe.strds                                         Observes  specific  locations in a space time raster dataset
1092                                                                    over a period of time using vector points.
1093
1094       t.vect.univar                                                Calculates univariate statistics of attributes for each reg‐
1095                                                                    istered vector map of a space time vector dataset
1096
1097       t.vect.what.strds                                            Stores  raster  map values at spatial and temporal positions
1098                                                                    of vector points as vector attributes.
1099
1100
1101   Test commands (test.*)
1102       test.r3flow                                                  Testing flow lines.
1103
1104       test.raster3d.lib                                            Performs unit and integration tests for the raster3d library
1105
1106
1107   Vector commands (v.*)
1108       v.buffer                                                     Creates a buffer around vector features of given type.
1109
1110       v.build.all                                                  Rebuilds topology on all vector maps in the current mapset.
1111
1112       v.build                                                      Creates topology for vector map.
1113
1114       v.build.polylines                                            Builds polylines from lines or boundaries.
1115
1116       v.category                                                   Attaches, deletes or reports  vector  categories  to/from/of
1117                                                                    map geometry.
1118
1119       v.centroids                                                  Adds missing centroids to closed boundaries.
1120
1121       v.class                                                      Classifies attribute data, e.g. for thematic mapping
1122
1123
1124       v.clean                                                      Toolset for cleaning topology of vector map.
1125
1126       v.clip                                                       Extracts  features  of  input  map which overlay features of
1127                                                                    clip map.
1128
1129       v.cluster                                                    Performs cluster identification.
1130
1131       v.colors                                                     Creates/modifies the color table associated  with  a  vector
1132                                                                    map.
1133
1134       v.colors.out                                                 Exports the color table associated with a vector map.
1135
1136       v.db.addcolumn                                               Adds one or more columns to the attribute table connected to
1137                                                                    a given vector map.
1138
1139       v.db.addtable                                                Creates and connects a new attribute table to a given  layer
1140                                                                    of an existing vector map.
1141
1142       v.db.connect                                                 Prints/sets  DB connection for a vector map to attribute ta‐
1143                                                                    ble.
1144
1145       v.db.dropcolumn                                              Drops a column from the attribute table connected to a given
1146                                                                    vector map.
1147
1148       v.db.droprow                                                 Removes a vector feature from a vector map through attribute
1149                                                                    selection.
1150
1151       v.db.droptable                                               Removes existing attribute table of a vector map.
1152
1153       v.db.join                                                    Joins a database table to a vector map table.
1154
1155       v.db.reconnect.all                                           Reconnects attribute tables for all  vector  maps  from  the
1156                                                                    current mapset to a new database.
1157
1158       v.db.renamecolumn                                            Renames a column in the attribute table connected to a given
1159                                                                    vector map.
1160
1161       v.db.select                                                  Prints vector map attributes.
1162
1163       v.db.univar                                                  Calculates univariate statistics on  selected  table  column
1164                                                                    for a GRASS vector map.
1165
1166       v.db.update                                                  Updates  a column in the attribute table connected to a vec‐
1167                                                                    tor map.
1168
1169       v.decimate                                                   Decimates a point cloud
1170
1171       v.delaunay                                                   Creates a Delaunay triangulation from an  input  vector  map
1172                                                                    containing points or centroids.
1173
1174       v.dissolve                                                   Dissolves boundaries between adjacent areas sharing a common
1175                                                                    category number or attribute.
1176
1177       v.distance                                                   Finds the nearest element in vector map ’to’ for elements in
1178                                                                    vector map ’from’.
1179
1180       v.drape                                                      Converts  2D  vector features to 3D by sampling of elevation
1181                                                                    raster map.
1182
1183       v.edit                                                       Edits a vector map, allows adding,  deleting  and  modifying
1184                                                                    selected vector features.
1185
1186       v.external                                                   Creates  a  new  pseudo-vector  map as a link to an OGR-sup‐
1187                                                                    ported layer or a PostGIS feature table.
1188
1189
1190       v.external.out                                               Defines vector output format.
1191
1192       v.extract                                                    Selects vector features from an existing vector map and cre‐
1193                                                                    ates a new vector map containing only the selected features.
1194
1195       v.extrude                                                    Extrudes flat vector features to 3D vector features with de‐
1196                                                                    fined height.
1197
1198       v.generalize                                                 Performs vector based generalization.
1199
1200       v.hull                                                       Produces a 2D/3D convex hull for a given vector map.
1201
1202       v.import                                                     Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map  using  OGR  li‐
1203                                                                    brary and reprojects on the fly.
1204
1205       v.in.ascii                                                   Creates a vector map from an ASCII points file or ASCII vec‐
1206                                                                    tor file.
1207
1208       v.in.db                                                      Creates new vector (points) map from database table contain‐
1209                                                                    ing coordinates.
1210
1211       v.in.dxf                                                     Converts file in DXF format to GRASS vector map.
1212
1213       v.in.e00                                                     Imports E00 file into a vector map.
1214
1215       v.in.geonames                                                Imports geonames.org country files into a vector points map.
1216
1217       v.in.lines                                                   Imports ASCII x,y[,z] coordinates as a series of lines.
1218
1219       v.in.mapgen                                                  Imports Mapgen or Matlab-ASCII vector maps into GRASS.
1220
1221       v.in.ogr                                                     Imports  vector  data  into a GRASS vector map using OGR li‐
1222                                                                    brary.
1223
1224       v.in.pdal                                                    Converts LAS LiDAR point clouds to a GRASS vector  map  with
1225                                                                    PDAL.
1226
1227       v.in.region                                                  Creates a vector polygon from the current region extent.
1228
1229       v.in.wfs                                                     Imports GetFeature from a WFS server.
1230
1231       v.info                                                       Outputs basic information about a vector map.
1232
1233       v.kcv                                                        Randomly partition points into test/train sets.
1234
1235       v.kernel                                                     Generates a raster density map from vector points map.
1236
1237       v.label                                                      Creates  paint  labels  for  a  vector map from attached at‐
1238                                                                    tributes.
1239
1240       v.label.sa                                                   Create optimally placed labels for vector map(s)
1241
1242       v.lidar.correction                                           Corrects the v.lidar.growing output. It is the last  of  the
1243                                                                    three algorithms for LIDAR filtering.
1244
1245       v.lidar.edgedetection                                        Detects the object’s edges from a LIDAR data set.
1246
1247       v.lidar.growing                                              Building  contour determination and Region Growing algorithm
1248                                                                    for determining the building inside
1249
1250       v.lrs.create                                                 Creates a linear reference system.
1251
1252       v.lrs.label                                                  Creates stationing from input lines,  and  linear  reference
1253                                                                    system.
1254
1255
1256       v.lrs.segment                                                Creates  points/segments  from input lines, linear reference
1257                                                                    system and positions read from stdin or a file.
1258
1259       v.lrs.where                                                  Finds line id and real km+offset for given points in  vector
1260                                                                    map using linear reference system.
1261
1262       v.mkgrid                                                     Creates a vector map of a user-defined grid.
1263
1264       v.neighbors                                                  Neighborhood analysis tool for vector point maps.
1265
1266       v.net.alloc                                                  Allocates subnets for nearest centers.
1267
1268       v.net.allpairs                                               Computes the shortest path between all pairs of nodes in the
1269                                                                    network.
1270
1271       v.net.bridge                                                 Computes bridges and articulation points in the network.
1272
1273       v.net.centrality                                             Computes  degree,  centrality,  betweeness,  closeness   and
1274                                                                    eigenvector centrality measures in the network.
1275
1276       v.net.components                                             Computes  strongly  and  weakly  connected components in the
1277                                                                    network.
1278
1279       v.net.connectivity                                           Computes vertex connectivity between two sets  of  nodes  in
1280                                                                    the network.
1281
1282       v.net.distance                                               Computes shortest distance via the network between the given
1283                                                                    sets of features.
1284
1285       v.net.flow                                                   Computes the maximum flow between two sets of nodes  in  the
1286                                                                    network.
1287
1288       v.net                                                        Performs network maintenance.
1289
1290       v.net.iso                                                    Splits subnets for nearest centers by cost isolines.
1291
1292       v.net.path                                                   Finds shortest path on vector network.
1293
1294       v.net.salesman                                               Creates  a  cycle connecting given nodes (Traveling salesman
1295                                                                    problem).
1296
1297       v.net.spanningtree                                           Computes minimum spanning tree for the network.
1298
1299       v.net.steiner                                                Creates Steiner tree for the network and given terminals.
1300
1301       v.net.timetable                                              Finds shortest path using timetables.
1302
1303       v.net.visibility                                             Performs visibility graph construction.
1304
1305       v.normal                                                     Tests for normality for vector points.
1306
1307       v.out.ascii                                                  Exports a vector map to a GRASS ASCII vector representation.
1308
1309       v.out.dxf                                                    Exports vector map to DXF file format.
1310
1311       v.out.ogr                                                    Exports a vector map layer to any of the supported OGR  vec‐
1312                                                                    tor formats.
1313
1314       v.out.postgis                                                Exports a vector map layer to PostGIS feature table.
1315
1316       v.out.pov                                                    Converts GRASS x,y,z points to POV-Ray x,z,y format.
1317
1318       v.out.svg                                                    Exports a vector map to SVG file.
1319
1320
1321
1322       v.out.vtk                                                    Converts a vector map to VTK ASCII output.
1323
1324       v.outlier                                                    Removes outliers from vector point data.
1325
1326       v.overlay                                                    Overlays  two  vector maps offering clip, intersection, dif‐
1327                                                                    ference, symmetrical difference, union operators.
1328
1329       v.pack                                                       Exports a vector map as GRASS GIS specific archive file
1330
1331       v.parallel                                                   Creates parallel line to input vector lines.
1332
1333       v.patch                                                      Creates a new vector map by combining other vector maps.
1334
1335       v.perturb                                                    Random location perturbations of vector points.
1336
1337       v.profile                                                    Vector map profiling tool
1338
1339       v.proj                                                       Re-projects a vector map from one location  to  the  current
1340                                                                    location.
1341
1342       v.qcount                                                     Indices for quadrat counts of vector point lists.
1343
1344       v.random                                                     Generates random 2D/3D vector points.
1345
1346       v.rast.stats                                                 Calculates  univariate statistics from a raster map based on
1347                                                                    a vector map and uploads statistics to  new  attribute  col‐
1348                                                                    umns.
1349
1350       v.reclass                                                    Changes  vector  category  values for an existing vector map
1351                                                                    according to results of SQL queries or a value in  attribute
1352                                                                    table column.
1353
1354       v.rectify                                                    Rectifies  a vector by computing a coordinate transformation
1355                                                                    for each object in the vector based on the control points.
1356
1357       v.report                                                     Reports geometry statistics for vector maps.
1358
1359       v.sample                                                     Samples a raster map at vector point locations.
1360
1361       v.segment                                                    Creates points/segments from input vector  lines  and  posi‐
1362                                                                    tions.
1363
1364       v.select                                                     Selects  features from vector map (A) by features from other
1365                                                                    vector map (B).
1366
1367       v.split                                                      Splits vector lines to shorter segments.
1368
1369       v.support                                                    Updates vector map metadata.
1370
1371       v.surf.bspline                                               Performs  bicubic  or  bilinear  spline  interpolation  with
1372                                                                    Tykhonov regularization.
1373
1374       v.surf.idw                                                   Provides surface interpolation from vector point data by In‐
1375                                                                    verse Distance Squared Weighting.
1376
1377       v.surf.rst                                                   Performs surface interpolation from  vector  points  map  by
1378                                                                    splines.
1379
1380       v.timestamp                                                  Modifies a timestamp for a vector map.
1381
1382       v.to.3d                                                      Performs transformation of 2D vector features to 3D.
1383
1384       v.to.db                                                      Populates attribute values from vector features.
1385
1386
1387
1388       v.to.lines                                                   Converts vector polygons or points to lines.
1389
1390       v.to.points                                                  Creates  points  along  input lines in new vector map with 2
1391                                                                    layers.
1392
1393       v.to.rast                                                    Converts (rasterize) a vector map into a raster map.
1394
1395       v.to.rast3                                                   Converts a vector map (only points) into a 3D raster map.
1396
1397       v.transform                                                  Performs an affine transformation (shift, scale and  rotate)
1398                                                                    on vector map.
1399
1400       v.type                                                       Changes type of vector features.
1401
1402       v.univar                                                     Calculates univariate statistics of vector map features.
1403
1404       v.unpack                                                     Imports  a  GRASS  GIS  specific vector archive file (packed
1405                                                                    with v.pack) as a vector map
1406
1407       v.vect.stats                                                 Count points in areas, calculate statistics from  point  at‐
1408                                                                    tributes.
1409
1410       v.vol.rst                                                    Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using regularized
1411                                                                    spline with tension (RST) algorithm.
1412
1413       v.voronoi                                                    Creates a Voronoi diagram constrained to the extents of  the
1414                                                                    current region from an input vector map containing points or
1415                                                                    centroids.
1416
1417       v.what                                                       Queries a vector map at given locations.
1418
1419       v.what.rast                                                  Uploads raster values at positions of vector points  to  the
1420                                                                    table.
1421
1422       v.what.rast3                                                 Uploads  3D  raster  values at positions of vector points to
1423                                                                    the table.
1424
1425       v.what.strds                                                 Uploads space time raster dataset  values  at  positions  of
1426                                                                    vector points to the table.
1427
1428       v.what.vect                                                  Uploads  vector  values at positions of vector points to the
1429                                                                    table.
1430
1431
1432       Main index | Topics index | Keywords index | Graphical index | Full in‐
1433       dex
1434
1435       © 2003-2022 GRASS Development Team, GRASS GIS 8.2.0 Reference Manual
1436
1437
1438
1439GRASS 8.2.0                                                      full_index(1)
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