1full_index(1) GRASS GIS User's Manual full_index(1)
2
6 Geographic Resources Analysis Support System, commonly referred to as
7 GRASS GIS, is a Geographic Information System (GIS) used for geospatial
8 data management and analysis, image processing, graphics/maps produc‐
9 tion, spatial modeling, and visualization. GRASS is currently used in
10 academic and commercial settings around the world, as well as by many
11 governmental agencies and environmental consulting companies.
12 This reference manual details the use of modules distributed with Geo‐
14 graphic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS), an open source (GNU
15 GPLed), image processing and geographic information system (GIS). Go
16 back to help overview
17 Display commands (d.*)
19 d.background Fills the graphics display frame with user defined color.
20 d.barscale Displays a barscale on the graphics monitor.
22 d.colorlist Outputs a list of all available display colors.
24 d.colortable Displays the color table associated with a raster map layer.
26 d.correlate Prints a graph of the correlation between raster maps (in
28 pairs).
29 d.erase Erases the contents of the active graphics display frame
31 with user defined color.
32 d.font Selects the font in which text will be displayed on the
34 user’s graphics monitor.
35 d.fontlist Lists the available fonts.
37 d.frame Manages display frames on the user’s graphics monitor.
39 d.geodesic Displays a geodesic line, tracing the shortest distance be‐
41 tween two geographic points along a great circle, in a lon‐
42 gitude/latitude data set.
43 d.graph Program for generating and displaying simple graphics on the
45 display monitor.
46 d.grid Overlays a user-specified grid in the active display frame
48 on the graphics monitor.
49 d.his Displays the result obtained by combining hue, intensity,
51 and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster
52 map layers.
53 d.histogram Displays a histogram in the form of a pie or bar chart for a
55 user-specified raster map.
56 d.info Displays information about the active display monitor.
58 d.labels Displays text labels (created with v.label) to the active
60 frame on the graphics monitor.
61 d.legend Displays a legend for a 2D or 3D raster map in the active
63 frame of the graphics monitor.
64 d.legend.vect Displays a vector legend in the active graphics frame.
66 d.linegraph Generates and displays simple line graphs in the active
69 graphics monitor display frame.
70 d.mon Controls graphics display monitors from the command line.
72 d.northarrow Displays a north arrow on the graphics monitor.
74 d.out.file Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a graph‐
76 ics file.
77 d.path Finds shortest path for selected starting and ending node.
79 d.polar Draws polar diagram of angle map such as aspect or flow di‐
81 rections
82 d.profile Plots profile of a transect.
84 d.rast.arrow Draws arrows representing cell aspect direction for a raster
86 map containing aspect data.
87 d.rast.edit Edits cell values in a raster map.
89 d.rast Displays user-specified raster map in the active graphics
91 frame.
92 d.rast.leg Displays a raster map and its legend on a graphics window
94 d.rast.num Overlays cell category values on a raster map displayed in
96 the active graphics frame.
97 d.redraw Redraws the content of currently selected monitor.
99 d.rgb Displays three user-specified raster maps as red, green, and
101 blue overlays in the active graphics frame.
102 d.rhumbline Displays the rhumbline joining two longitude/latitude coor‐
104 dinates.
105 d.shade Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
107 d.text Draws text in the active display frame on the graphics moni‐
109 tor using the current font.
110 d.title Create a TITLE for a raster map in a form suitable for dis‐
112 play with d.text.
113 d.to.rast Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a raster
115 map.
116 d.vect.chart Displays charts of vector data in the active frame on the
118 graphics monitor.
119 d.vect Displays user-specified vector map in the active graphics
121 frame.
122 d.vect.thematic Displays a thematic vector map in the active graphics frame.
124 d.what.rast Allows the user to interactively query raster map layers at
126 user-selected locations.
127 d.what.vect Allows the user to interactively query vector map layers at
129 user-selected locations.
130 d.where Identifies the geographic coordinates associated with point
135 locations given in display coordinates.
136 Database commands (db.*)
139 db.columns List all columns for a given table.
140 db.connect Prints/sets general DB connection for current mapset.
142 db.copy Copy a table.
144 db.createdb Creates an empty database.
146 db.databases Lists all databases for a given driver and location.
148 db.describe Describes a table in detail.
150 db.drivers Lists all database drivers.
152 db.dropcolumn Drops a column from selected attribute table.
154 db.dropdb Removes an existing database.
156 db.droptable Drops an attribute table.
158 db.execute Executes any SQL statement.
160 db.in.ogr Imports attribute tables in various formats.
162 db.login Sets user/password for DB driver/database.
164 db.out.ogr Exports attribute tables into various formats.
166 db.select Selects data from attribute table.
168 db.tables Lists all tables for a given database.
170 db.test Test database driver, database must exist and set by db.con‐
172 nect.
173 db.univar Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column.
175 General commands (g.*)
178 g.access Controls access to the current mapset for other users on the
179 system.
180 g.cairocomp Overlays multiple X Pixmaps.
182 g.copy Creates copies of maps and other elements
184 g.dirseps Internal GRASS utility for converting directory separator
186 characters.
187 g.download.location Download GRASS Location from the web
189 g.extension.all Rebuilds or removes all locally installed GRASS Addons ex‐
191 tensions.
192 g.extension Maintains GRASS Addons extensions in local GRASS installa‐
194 tion.
195 g.filename Prints GRASS data base file names.
197 g.findetc Searches for GRASS support files.
201 g.findfile Searches for GRASS data base files and sets variables for
203 the shell.
204 g.gisenv Outputs and modifies the user’s current GRASS variable set‐
206 tings.
207 g.gui.animation Tool for animating a series of raster and vector maps or a
209 space time raster or vector dataset.
210 g.gui.datacatalog Tool for browsing, modifying and managing GRASS maps.
212 g.gui.dbmgr Launches graphical attribute table manager.
214 g.gui.gcp Georectifies a map and allows managing Ground Control
216 Points.
217 g.gui.gmodeler Graphical Modeler.
219 g.gui Launches a GRASS graphical user interface (GUI) session.
221 g.gui.iclass Tool for supervised classification of imagery data.
223 g.gui.image2target Georectifies a map and allows managing Ground Control Points
225 for 3D correction.
226 g.gui.mapswipe Interactively compares two maps by swiping a visibility bar.
228 g.gui.photo2image Corrects scanning distortions of a paper photo.
230 g.gui.psmap Tool for creating hardcopy map outputs.
232 g.gui.rdigit Interactive editing and digitizing of raster maps.
234 g.gui.rlisetup Configuration tool for r.li modules.
236 g.gui.timeline Allows comparing temporal datasets by displaying their tem‐
238 poral extents in a plot.
239 g.gui.tplot Plots the values of temporal datasets.
241 g.gui.vdigit Interactive editing and digitization of vector maps.
243 g.list Lists available GRASS data base files of the user-specified
245 data type optionally using the search pattern.
246 g.manual Displays the manual pages of GRASS modules.
248 g.mapset Changes/reports current mapset.
250 g.mapsets Modifies/prints the user’s current mapset search path.
252 g.message Prints a message, warning, progress info, or fatal error in
254 the GRASS way.
255 g.mkfontcap Generates the font configuration file by scanning various
257 directories for fonts.
258 g.parser Provides automated parser, GUI, and help support for GRASS
260 scipts.
261 g.pnmcomp Overlays multiple PPM image files.
263 g.ppmtopng Converts between PPM/PGM and PNG image formats.
267 g.proj Prints or modifies GRASS projection information files (in
269 various co-ordinate system descriptions).
270 g.region Manages the boundary definitions for the geographic region.
272 g.remove Removes data base element files from the user’s current
274 mapset using the search pattern.
275 g.rename Renames data base element files in the user’s current
277 mapset.
278 g.search.modules Search in GRASS modules using keywords
280 g.tempfile Creates a temporary file and prints it’s file name.
282 g.version Displays GRASS GIS version info.
284 Imagery commands (i.*)
287 i.albedo Computes broad band albedo from surface reflectance.
288 i.aster.toar Calculates Top of Atmosphere Radiance/Reflectance/Brightness
290 Temperature from ASTER DN.
291 i.atcorr Performs atmospheric correction using the 6S algorithm.
293 i.band.library Prints available semantic label information used for multi‐
295 spectral data.
296 i.biomass Computes biomass growth, precursor of crop yield calcula‐
298 tion.
299 i.cca Canonical components analysis (CCA) program for image pro‐
301 cessing.
302 i.cluster Generates spectral signatures for land cover types in an im‐
304 age using a clustering algorithm.
305 i.colors.enhance Performs auto-balancing of colors for RGB images.
307 i.eb.eta Actual evapotranspiration for diurnal period (Bastiaanssen,
309 1995).
310 i.eb.evapfr Computes evaporative fraction and root zone soil moisture.
312 i.eb.hsebal01 Computes sensible heat flux iteration SEBAL 01.
314 i.eb.netrad Net radiation approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
316 i.eb.soilheatflux Soil heat flux approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
318 i.emissivity Computes emissivity from NDVI, generic method for sparse
320 land.
321 i.evapo.mh Computes evapotranspiration calculation modified or original
323 Hargreaves formulation, 2001.
324 i.evapo.pm Computes potential evapotranspiration calculation with
326 hourly Penman-Monteith.
327 i.evapo.pt Computes evapotranspiration calculation Priestley and Taylor
329 formulation, 1972.
330 i.evapo.time Computes temporal integration of satellite ET actual (ETa)
333 following the daily ET reference (ETo) from meteorological
334 station(s).
335 i.fft Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for image processing.
337 i.gensig Generates statistics for i.maxlik from raster map.
339 i.gensigset Generates statistics for i.smap from raster map.
341 i.group Creates, edits, and lists groups of imagery data.
343 i.his.rgb Transforms raster maps from HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation)
345 color space to RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space.
346 i.ifft Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) for image processing.
348 i.image.mosaic Mosaics several images and extends colormap.
350 i.in.spotvgt Imports SPOT VGT NDVI data into a raster map.
352 i.landsat.acca Performs Landsat TM/ETM+ Automatic Cloud Cover Assessment
354 (ACCA).
355 i.landsat.toar Calculates top-of-atmosphere radiance or reflectance and
357 temperature for Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI
358 i.maxlik Classifies the cell spectral reflectances in imagery data.
360 i.modis.qc Extracts quality control parameters from MODIS QC layers.
362 i.oif Calculates Optimum-Index-Factor table for spectral bands
364 i.ortho.camera Select and modify the imagery group camera reference file.
366 i.ortho.elev Select or modify the target elevation model.
368 i.ortho.init Interactively creates or modifies entries in a camera ini‐
370 tial exposure station file for imagery group referenced by a
371 sub-block.
372 i.ortho.photo Menu driver for the photo imagery programs.
374 i.ortho.rectify Orthorectifies an image by using the image to photo coordi‐
376 nate transformation matrix.
377 i.ortho.target Select or modify the imagery group target.
379 i.ortho.transform Computes a coordinate transformation based on the control
381 points.
382 i.pansharpen Image fusion algorithms to sharpen multispectral with
384 high-res panchromatic channels
385 i.pca Principal components analysis (PCA) for image processing.
387 i.rectify Rectifies an image by computing a coordinate transformation
389 for each pixel in the image based on the control points.
390 i.rgb.his Transforms raster maps from RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space
392 to HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space.
393 i.segment Identifies segments (objects) from imagery data.
395 i.smap Performs contextual image classification using sequential
399 maximum a posteriori (SMAP) estimation.
400 i.spectral Displays spectral response at user specified locations in
402 group or images.
403 i.target Targets an imagery group to a GRASS location and mapset.
405 i.tasscap Performs Tasseled Cap (Kauth Thomas) transformation.
407 i.topo.corr Computes topographic correction of reflectance.
409 i.vi Calculates different types of vegetation indices.
411 i.zc Zero-crossing "edge detection" raster function for image
413 processing.
414 Miscellaneous commands (m.*)
417 m.cogo A simple utility for converting bearing and distance mea‐
418 surements to coordinates and vice versa.
419 m.measure Measures the lengths and areas of features.
421 m.nviz.image Creates a 3D rendering of GIS data.
423 m.nviz.script Creates fly-through script to run in NVIZ.
425 m.proj Converts coordinates from one projection to another (cs2cs
427 frontend).
428 m.transform Computes a coordinate transformation based on the control
430 points.
431 PostScript commands (ps.*)
434 ps.map Produces hardcopy PostScript map output.
435 Raster commands (r.*)
438 r.basins.fill Generates watershed subbasins raster map.
439 r.blend Blends color components of two raster maps by a given ratio.
441 r.buffer Creates a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding cells
443 that contain non-NULL category values.
444 r.buffer.lowmem Creates a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding cells
446 that contain non-NULL category values.
447 r.buildvrt Build a VRT (Virtual Raster) from the list of input raster
449 maps.
450 r.carve Generates stream channels.
452 r.category Manages category values and labels associated with
454 user-specified raster map layers.
455 r.circle Creates a raster map containing concentric rings around a
457 given point.
458 r.clump Recategorizes data in a raster map by grouping cells that
460 form physically discrete areas into unique categories.
461 r.coin Tabulates the mutual occurrence (coincidence) of categories
465 for two raster map layers.
466 r.colors Creates/modifies the color table associated with a raster
468 map.
469 r.colors.out Exports the color table associated with a raster map.
471 r.colors.stddev Sets color rules based on stddev from a raster map’s mean
473 value.
474 r.composite Combines red, green and blue raster maps into a single com‐
476 posite raster map.
477 r.compress Compresses and decompresses raster maps.
479 r.contour Produces a vector map of specified contours from a raster
481 map.
482 r.cost Creates a raster map showing the cumulative cost of moving
484 between different geographic locations on an input raster
485 map whose cell category values represent cost.
486 r.covar Outputs a covariance/correlation matrix for user-specified
488 raster map layer(s).
489 r.cross Creates a cross product of the category values from multiple
491 raster map layers.
492 r.describe Prints terse list of category values found in a raster map
494 layer.
495 r.distance Locates the closest points between objects in two raster
497 maps.
498 r.drain Traces a flow through an elevation model or cost surface on
500 a raster map.
501 r.external Links GDAL supported raster data as a pseudo GRASS raster
503 map.
504 r.external.out Redirects raster output to file utilizing GDAL library
506 rather than storing in GRASS raster format.
507 r.fill.dir Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map and a
509 flow direction map from a given elevation raster map.
510 r.fill.stats Rapidly fills ’no data’ cells (NULLs) of a raster map with
512 interpolated values (IDW).
513 r.fillnulls Fills no-data areas in raster maps using spline interpola‐
515 tion.
516 r.flow Constructs flowlines.
518 r.geomorphon Calculates geomorphons (terrain forms) and associated geome‐
520 try using machine vision approach.
521 r.grow.distance Generates a raster map containing distances to nearest
523 raster features and/or the value of the nearest non-null
524 cell.
525 r.grow Generates a raster map layer with contiguous areas grown by
527 one cell.
528 r.gwflow Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and
531 unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
532 r.his Generates red, green and blue (RGB) raster map layers com‐
534 bining hue, intensity and saturation (HIS) values from
535 user-specified input raster map layers.
536 r.horizon Computes horizon angle height from a digital elevation
538 model.
539 r.import Imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using GDAL li‐
541 brary and reprojects on the fly.
542 r.in.ascii Converts a GRASS ASCII raster file to binary raster map.
544 r.in.aster Georeference, rectify, and import Terra-ASTER imagery and
546 relative DEMs using gdalwarp.
547 r.in.bin Import a binary raster file into a GRASS raster map layer.
549 r.in.gdal Imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using GDAL li‐
551 brary.
552 r.in.gridatb Imports GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL) into a GRASS raster
554 map.
555 r.in.mat Imports a binary MAT-File(v4) to a GRASS raster.
557 r.in.pdal Creates a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univariate
559 statistics.
560 r.in.png Imports non-georeferenced PNG format image.
562 r.in.poly Creates raster maps from ASCII polygon/line/point data
564 files.
565 r.in.srtm Imports SRTM HGT files into raster map.
567 r.in.wms Downloads and imports data from OGC WMS and OGC WMTS web
569 mapping servers.
570 r.in.xyz Creates a raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates
572 using univariate statistics.
573 r.info Outputs basic information about a raster map.
575 r.kappa Calculates error matrix and kappa parameter for accuracy as‐
577 sessment of classification result.
578 r.lake Fills lake at given point to given level.
580 r.latlong Creates a latitude/longitude raster map.
582 r.li.cwed Calculates contrast weighted edge density index on a raster
584 map
585 r.li.daemon Support module for r.li landscape index calculations.
587 r.li.dominance Calculates dominance’s diversity index on a raster map
589 r.li.edgedensity Calculates edge density index on a raster map, using a 4
591 neighbour algorithm
592 r.li Toolset for multiscale analysis of landscape structure
594 r.li.mpa Calculates mean pixel attribute index on a raster map
597 r.li.mps Calculates mean patch size index on a raster map, using a 4
599 neighbour algorithm
600 r.li.padcv Calculates coefficient of variation of patch area on a
602 raster map
603 r.li.padrange Calculates range of patch area size on a raster map
605 r.li.padsd Calculates standard deviation of patch area a raster map
607 r.li.patchdensity Calculates patch density index on a raster map, using a 4
609 neighbour algorithm
610 r.li.patchnum Calculates patch number index on a raster map, using a 4
612 neighbour algorithm.
613 r.li.pielou Calculates Pielou’s diversity index on a raster map
615 r.li.renyi Calculates Renyi’s diversity index on a raster map
617 r.li.richness Calculates richness index on a raster map
619 r.li.shannon Calculates Shannon’s diversity index on a raster map
621 r.li.shape Calculates shape index on a raster map
623 r.li.simpson Calculates Simpson’s diversity index on a raster map
625 r.mapcalc Raster map calculator.
627 r.mapcalc.simple Calculates a new raster map from a simple r.mapcalc expres‐
629 sion.
630 r.mask Creates a MASK for limiting raster operation.
632 r.mfilter Performs raster map matrix filter.
634 r.mode Finds the mode of values in a cover map within areas as‐
636 signed the same category value in a user-specified base map.
637 r.neighbors Makes each cell category value a function of the category
639 values assigned to the cells around it, and stores new cell
640 values in an output raster map layer.
641 r.null Manages NULL-values of given raster map.
643 r.object.geometry Calculates geometry parameters for raster objects.
645 r.out.ascii Converts a raster map layer into a GRASS ASCII text file.
647 r.out.bin Exports a GRASS raster to a binary array.
649 r.out.gdal Exports GRASS raster maps into GDAL supported formats.
651 r.out.gridatb Exports GRASS raster map to GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL).
653 r.out.mat Exports a GRASS raster to a binary MAT-File.
655 r.out.mpeg Converts raster map series to MPEG movie.
657 r.out.png Export a GRASS raster map as a non-georeferenced PNG image.
659 r.out.pov Converts a raster map layer into a height-field file for
663 POV-Ray.
664 r.out.ppm Converts a GRASS raster map to a PPM image file.
666 r.out.ppm3 Converts 3 GRASS raster layers (R,G,B) to a PPM image file.
668 r.out.vrml Exports a raster map to the Virtual Reality Modeling Lan‐
670 guage (VRML).
671 r.out.vtk Converts raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
673 r.out.xyz Exports a raster map to a text file as x,y,z values based on
675 cell centers.
676 r.pack Exports a raster map as GRASS GIS specific archive file
678 r.param.scale Extracts terrain parameters from a DEM.
680 r.patch Creates a composite raster map layer by using known category
682 values from one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in areas of
683 "no data" in another map layer.
684 r.path Traces paths from starting points following input direc‐
686 tions.
687 r.plane Creates raster plane map given dip (inclination), aspect
689 (azimuth) and one point.
690 r.profile Outputs the raster map layer values lying on user-defined
692 line(s).
693 r.proj Re-projects a raster map from given location to the current
695 location.
696 r.quant Produces the quantization file for a floating-point map.
698 r.quantile Compute quantiles using two passes.
700 r.random.cells Generates random cell values with spatial dependence.
702 r.random Creates randomly placed raster cells or vector points
704 r.random.surface Generates random surface(s) with spatial dependence.
706 r.reclass.area Reclasses a raster map greater or less than user specified
708 area size (in hectares).
709 r.reclass Reclassify raster map based on category values.
711 r.recode Recodes categorical raster maps.
713 r.region Sets the boundary definitions for a raster map.
715 r.regression.line Calculates linear regression from two raster maps: y = a +
717 b*x.
718 r.regression.multi Calculates multiple linear regression from raster maps.
720 r.relief Creates shaded relief map from an elevation map (DEM).
722 r.report Reports statistics for raster maps.
724 r.resamp.bspline Performs bilinear or bicubic spline interpolation with
729 Tykhonov regularization.
730 r.resamp.filter Resamples raster map layers using an analytic kernel.
732 r.resamp.interp Resamples raster map to a finer grid using interpolation.
734 r.resamp.rst Reinterpolates and optionally computes topographic analysis
736 from input raster map to a new raster map (possibly with
737 different resolution) using regularized spline with tension
738 and smoothing.
739 r.resamp.stats Resamples raster map layers to a coarser grid using aggrega‐
741 tion.
742 r.resample GRASS raster map layer data resampling capability.
744 r.rescale.eq Rescales histogram equalized the range of category values in
746 a raster map layer.
747 r.rescale Rescales the range of category values in a raster map layer.
749 r.rgb Splits a raster map into red, green and blue maps.
751 r.ros Generates rate of spread raster maps.
753 r.semantic.label Manages semantic label information assigned to a single
755 raster map or to a list of raster maps.
756 r.series.accumulate Makes each output cell value a accumulationfunction of the
758 values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input
759 raster map layers.
760 r.series Makes each output cell value a function of the values as‐
762 signed to the corresponding cells in the input raster map
763 layers.
764 r.series.interp Interpolates raster maps located (temporal or spatial) in
766 between input raster maps at specific sampling positions.
767 r.shade Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
769 r.sim.sediment Sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using
771 path sampling method (SIMWE).
772 r.sim.water Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling
774 method (SIMWE).
775 r.slope.aspect Generates raster maps of slope, aspect, curvatures and par‐
777 tial derivatives from an elevation raster map.
778 r.solute.transport Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and
780 unconfined solute transport in two dimensions
781 r.spread Simulates elliptically anisotropic spread.
783 r.spreadpath Recursively traces the least cost path backwards to cells
785 from which the cumulative cost was determined.
786 r.statistics Calculates category or object oriented statistics.
788 r.stats Generates area statistics for raster map.
790 r.stats.quantile Compute category quantiles using two passes.
792 r.stats.zonal Calculates category or object oriented statistics (accumula‐
795 tor-based statistics).
796 r.stream.extract Performs stream network extraction.
798 r.sun Solar irradiance and irradiation model.
800 r.sunhours Calculates solar elevation, solar azimuth, and sun hours.
802 r.sunmask Calculates cast shadow areas from sun position and elevation
804 raster map.
805 r.support Allows creation and/or modification of raster map layer sup‐
807 port files.
808 r.support.stats Update raster map statistics
810 r.surf.area Prints estimation of surface area for raster map.
812 r.surf.contour Generates surface raster map from rasterized contours.
814 r.surf.fractal Creates a fractal surface of a given fractal dimension.
816 r.surf.gauss Generates a raster map using gaussian random number genera‐
818 tor.
819 r.surf.idw Provides surface interpolation from raster point data by In‐
821 verse Distance Squared Weighting.
822 r.surf.random Produces a raster surface map of uniform random deviates
824 with defined range.
825 r.terraflow Performs flow computation for massive grids.
827 r.texture Generate images with textural features from a raster map.
829 r.thin Thins non-null cells that denote linear features in a raster
831 map layer.
832 r.tile Splits a raster map into tiles.
834 r.tileset Produces tilings of the source projection for use in the
836 destination region and projection.
837 r.timestamp Modifies a timestamp for a raster map.
839 r.to.rast3 Converts 2D raster map slices to one 3D raster volume map.
841 r.to.rast3elev Creates a 3D volume map based on 2D elevation and value
843 raster maps.
844 r.to.vect Converts a raster map into a vector map.
846 r.topidx Creates a topographic index (wetness index) raster map from
848 an elevation raster map.
849 r.topmodel Simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrologic
851 model.
852 r.transect Outputs raster map layer values lying along user defined
854 transect line(s).
855 r.univar Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells of
857 a raster map.
858 r.unpack Imports a GRASS GIS specific raster archive file (packed
861 with r.pack) as a raster map
862 r.uslek Computes USLE Soil Erodibility Factor (K).
864 r.usler Computes USLE R factor, Rainfall erosivity index.
866 r.viewshed Computes the viewshed of a point on an elevation raster map.
868 r.volume Calculates the volume of data "clumps".
870 r.walk Creates a raster map showing the anisotropic cumulative cost
872 of moving between different geographic locations on an input
873 raster map whose cell category values represent cost.
874 r.water.outlet Creates watershed basins from a drainage direction map.
876 r.watershed Calculates hydrological parameters and RUSLE factors.
878 r.what.color Queries colors for a raster map layer.
880 r.what Queries raster maps on their category values and category
882 labels.
883 3d raster commands (r3.*)
886 r3.colors Creates/modifies the color table associated with a 3D raster
887 map.
888 r3.colors.out Exports the color table associated with a 3D raster map.
890 r3.cross.rast Creates cross section 2D raster map from 3D raster map based
892 on 2D elevation map
893 r3.flow Computes 3D flow lines and 3D flow accumulation.
895 r3.gradient Computes gradient of a 3D raster map and outputs gradient
897 components as three 3D raster maps.
898 r3.gwflow Numerical calculation program for transient, confined
900 groundwater flow in three dimensions.
901 r3.in.ascii Converts a 3D ASCII raster text file into a (binary) 3D
903 raster map.
904 r3.in.bin Imports a binary raster file into a GRASS 3D raster map.
906 r3.in.v5d Import 3-dimensional Vis5D files.
908 r3.in.xyz Create a 3D raster map from an assemblage of many coordi‐
910 nates using univariate statistics
911 r3.info Outputs basic information about a user-specified 3D raster
913 map layer.
914 r3.mapcalc Raster map calculator.
916 r3.mask Establishes the current working 3D raster mask.
918 r3.mkdspf Creates a display file from an existing 3D raster map ac‐
920 cording to specified threshold levels.
921 r3.neighbors Makes each voxel value a function of the values assigned to
927 the voxels around it, and stores new voxel values in an out‐
928 put 3D raster map
929 r3.null Explicitly create the 3D NULL-value bitmap file.
931 r3.out.ascii Converts a 3D raster map layer into a ASCII text file.
933 r3.out.bin Exports a GRASS 3D raster map to a binary array.
935 r3.out.netcdf Export a 3D raster map as netCDF file.
937 r3.out.v5d Exports GRASS 3D raster map to 3-dimensional Vis5D file.
939 r3.out.vtk Converts 3D raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
941 r3.retile Retiles an existing 3D raster map with user defined x, y and
943 z tile size.
944 r3.stats Generates volume statistics for 3D raster maps.
946 r3.support Allows creation and/or modification of 3D raster map layer
948 support files.
949 r3.timestamp Modifies a timestamp for a 3D raster map.
951 r3.to.rast Converts 3D raster maps to 2D raster maps
953 r3.univar Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells of
955 a 3D raster map.
956 Temporal commands (t.*)
959 t.connect Prints/sets general temporal GIS database connection for
960 current mapset.
961 t.copy Creates a copy of a space time raster dataset.
963 t.create Creates a space time dataset.
965 t.info Lists information about space time datasets and maps.
967 t.list Lists space time datasets and maps registered in the tempo‐
969 ral database.
970 t.merge Merges several space time datasets into a single space time
972 dataset.
973 t.rast.accdetect Detects accumulation patterns in temporally accumulated
975 space time raster datasets created by t.rast.accumulate.
976 t.rast.accumulate Computes cyclic accumulations of a space time raster
978 dataset.
979 t.rast.aggregate.ds Aggregates data of an existing space time raster dataset us‐
981 ing the time intervals of a second space time dataset.
982 t.rast.aggregate Aggregates temporally the maps of a space time raster
984 dataset by a user defined granularity.
985 t.rast.algebra Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time raster
987 datasets using temporal raster algebra.
988 t.rast.colors Creates/modifies the color table associated with each raster
993 map of the space time raster dataset.
994 t.rast.contour Produces a space time vector dataset of specified contours
996 from a space time raster dataset.
997 t.rast.export Exports space time raster dataset.
999 t.rast.extract Extracts a subset of a space time raster datasets.
1001 t.rast.gapfill Replaces gaps in a space time raster dataset with interpo‐
1003 lated raster maps.
1004 t.rast.import Imports space time raster dataset.
1006 t.rast.list Lists registered maps of a space time raster dataset.
1008 t.rast.mapcalc Performs spatio-temporal mapcalc expressions on temporally
1010 sampled maps of space time raster datasets.
1011 t.rast.neighbors Performs a neighborhood analysis for each map in a space
1013 time raster dataset.
1014 t.rast.out.vtk Exports space time raster dataset as VTK time series.
1016 t.rast.series Performs different aggregation algorithms from r.series on
1018 all or a subset of raster maps in a space time raster
1019 dataset.
1020 t.rast.to.rast3 Converts a space time raster dataset into a 3D raster map.
1022 t.rast.to.vect Converts a space time raster dataset into a space time vec‐
1024 tor dataset
1025 t.rast.univar Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for
1027 each registered raster map of a space time raster dataset.
1028 t.rast.what Sample a space time raster dataset at specific vector point
1030 coordinates and write the output to stdout using different
1031 layouts
1032 t.rast3d.algebra Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time 3D
1034 raster datasets using temporal 3D raster algebra.
1035 t.rast3d.extract Extracts a subset of a space time 3D raster dataset.
1037 t.rast3d.list Lists registered maps of a space time raster3d dataset.
1039 t.rast3d.mapcalc Performs r3.mapcalc expressions on maps of sampled space
1041 time 3D raster datasets.
1042 t.rast3d.univar Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for
1044 each registered 3D raster map of a space time 3D raster
1045 dataset.
1046 t.register Assigns timestamps and registers raster, vector and raster3d
1048 maps in a space time dataset.
1049 t.remove Removes space time datasets from temporal database.
1051 t.rename Renames a space time dataset
1053 t.sample Samples the input space time dataset(s) with a sample space
1055 time dataset and print the result to stdout.
1056 t.select Select maps from space time datasets by topological rela‐
1059 tionships to other space time datasets using temporal alge‐
1060 bra.
1061 t.shift Shifts temporally the maps of a space time dataset.
1063 t.snap Snaps temporally the maps of a space time dataset.
1065 t.support Modifies the metadata of a space time dataset.
1067 t.topology Lists temporal topology of a space time dataset.
1069 t.unregister Unregisters raster, vector and raster3d maps from the tempo‐
1071 ral database or a specific space time dataset.
1072 t.upgrade Upgrades the version of the temporal database.
1074 t.vect.algebra Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time vector
1076 datasets using temporal vector algebra.
1077 t.vect.db.select Prints attributes of vector maps registered in a space time
1079 vector dataset.
1080 t.vect.export Exports a space time vector dataset as GRASS GIS specific
1082 archive file.
1083 t.vect.extract Extracts a subset of a space time vector dataset.
1085 t.vect.import Imports a space time vector dataset from a GRASS GIS spe‐
1087 cific archive file.
1088 t.vect.list Lists registered maps of a space time vector dataset.
1090 t.vect.observe.strds Observes specific locations in a space time raster dataset
1092 over a period of time using vector points.
1093 t.vect.univar Calculates univariate statistics of attributes for each reg‐
1095 istered vector map of a space time vector dataset
1096 t.vect.what.strds Stores raster map values at spatial and temporal positions
1098 of vector points as vector attributes.
1099 Test commands (test.*)
1102 test.r3flow Testing flow lines.
1103 test.raster3d.lib Performs unit and integration tests for the raster3d library
1105 Vector commands (v.*)
1108 v.buffer Creates a buffer around vector features of given type.
1109 v.build.all Rebuilds topology on all vector maps in the current mapset.
1111 v.build Creates topology for vector map.
1113 v.build.polylines Builds polylines from lines or boundaries.
1115 v.category Attaches, deletes or reports vector categories to/from/of
1117 map geometry.
1118 v.centroids Adds missing centroids to closed boundaries.
1120 v.class Classifies attribute data, e.g. for thematic mapping
1122 v.clean Toolset for cleaning topology of vector map.
1125 v.clip Extracts features of input map which overlay features of
1127 clip map.
1128 v.cluster Performs cluster identification.
1130 v.colors Creates/modifies the color table associated with a vector
1132 map.
1133 v.colors.out Exports the color table associated with a vector map.
1135 v.db.addcolumn Adds one or more columns to the attribute table connected to
1137 a given vector map.
1138 v.db.addtable Creates and connects a new attribute table to a given layer
1140 of an existing vector map.
1141 v.db.connect Prints/sets DB connection for a vector map to attribute ta‐
1143 ble.
1144 v.db.dropcolumn Drops a column from the attribute table connected to a given
1146 vector map.
1147 v.db.droprow Removes a vector feature from a vector map through attribute
1149 selection.
1150 v.db.droptable Removes existing attribute table of a vector map.
1152 v.db.join Joins a database table to a vector map table.
1154 v.db.reconnect.all Reconnects attribute tables for all vector maps from the
1156 current mapset to a new database.
1157 v.db.renamecolumn Renames a column in the attribute table connected to a given
1159 vector map.
1160 v.db.select Prints vector map attributes.
1162 v.db.univar Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column
1164 for a GRASS vector map.
1165 v.db.update Updates a column in the attribute table connected to a vec‐
1167 tor map.
1168 v.decimate Decimates a point cloud
1170 v.delaunay Creates a Delaunay triangulation from an input vector map
1172 containing points or centroids.
1173 v.dissolve Dissolves boundaries between adjacent areas sharing a common
1175 category number or attribute.
1176 v.distance Finds the nearest element in vector map ’to’ for elements in
1178 vector map ’from’.
1179 v.drape Converts 2D vector features to 3D by sampling of elevation
1181 raster map.
1182 v.edit Edits a vector map, allows adding, deleting and modifying
1184 selected vector features.
1185 v.external Creates a new pseudo-vector map as a link to an OGR-sup‐
1187 ported layer or a PostGIS feature table.
1188 v.external.out Defines vector output format.
1191 v.extract Selects vector features from an existing vector map and cre‐
1193 ates a new vector map containing only the selected features.
1194 v.extrude Extrudes flat vector features to 3D vector features with de‐
1196 fined height.
1197 v.generalize Performs vector based generalization.
1199 v.hull Produces a 2D/3D convex hull for a given vector map.
1201 v.import Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map using OGR li‐
1203 brary and reprojects on the fly.
1204 v.in.ascii Creates a vector map from an ASCII points file or ASCII vec‐
1206 tor file.
1207 v.in.db Creates new vector (points) map from database table contain‐
1209 ing coordinates.
1210 v.in.dxf Converts file in DXF format to GRASS vector map.
1212 v.in.e00 Imports E00 file into a vector map.
1214 v.in.geonames Imports geonames.org country files into a vector points map.
1216 v.in.lines Imports ASCII x,y[,z] coordinates as a series of lines.
1218 v.in.mapgen Imports Mapgen or Matlab-ASCII vector maps into GRASS.
1220 v.in.ogr Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map using OGR li‐
1222 brary.
1223 v.in.pdal Converts LAS LiDAR point clouds to a GRASS vector map with
1225 PDAL.
1226 v.in.region Creates a vector polygon from the current region extent.
1228 v.in.wfs Imports GetFeature from a WFS server.
1230 v.info Outputs basic information about a vector map.
1232 v.kcv Randomly partition points into test/train sets.
1234 v.kernel Generates a raster density map from vector points map.
1236 v.label Creates paint labels for a vector map from attached at‐
1238 tributes.
1239 v.label.sa Create optimally placed labels for vector map(s)
1241 v.lidar.correction Corrects the v.lidar.growing output. It is the last of the
1243 three algorithms for LIDAR filtering.
1244 v.lidar.edgedetection Detects the object’s edges from a LIDAR data set.
1246 v.lidar.growing Building contour determination and Region Growing algorithm
1248 for determining the building inside
1249 v.lrs.create Creates a linear reference system.
1251 v.lrs.label Creates stationing from input lines, and linear reference
1253 system.
1254 v.lrs.segment Creates points/segments from input lines, linear reference
1257 system and positions read from stdin or a file.
1258 v.lrs.where Finds line id and real km+offset for given points in vector
1260 map using linear reference system.
1261 v.mkgrid Creates a vector map of a user-defined grid.
1263 v.neighbors Neighborhood analysis tool for vector point maps.
1265 v.net.alloc Allocates subnets for nearest centers.
1267 v.net.allpairs Computes the shortest path between all pairs of nodes in the
1269 network.
1270 v.net.bridge Computes bridges and articulation points in the network.
1272 v.net.centrality Computes degree, centrality, betweeness, closeness and
1274 eigenvector centrality measures in the network.
1275 v.net.components Computes strongly and weakly connected components in the
1277 network.
1278 v.net.connectivity Computes vertex connectivity between two sets of nodes in
1280 the network.
1281 v.net.distance Computes shortest distance via the network between the given
1283 sets of features.
1284 v.net.flow Computes the maximum flow between two sets of nodes in the
1286 network.
1287 v.net Performs network maintenance.
1289 v.net.iso Splits subnets for nearest centers by cost isolines.
1291 v.net.path Finds shortest path on vector network.
1293 v.net.salesman Creates a cycle connecting given nodes (Traveling salesman
1295 problem).
1296 v.net.spanningtree Computes minimum spanning tree for the network.
1298 v.net.steiner Creates Steiner tree for the network and given terminals.
1300 v.net.timetable Finds shortest path using timetables.
1302 v.net.visibility Performs visibility graph construction.
1304 v.normal Tests for normality for vector points.
1306 v.out.ascii Exports a vector map to a GRASS ASCII vector representation.
1308 v.out.dxf Exports vector map to DXF file format.
1310 v.out.ogr Exports a vector map layer to any of the supported OGR vec‐
1312 tor formats.
1313 v.out.postgis Exports a vector map layer to PostGIS feature table.
1315 v.out.pov Converts GRASS x,y,z points to POV-Ray x,z,y format.
1317 v.out.svg Exports a vector map to SVG file.
1319 v.out.vtk Converts a vector map to VTK ASCII output.
1323 v.outlier Removes outliers from vector point data.
1325 v.overlay Overlays two vector maps offering clip, intersection, dif‐
1327 ference, symmetrical difference, union operators.
1328 v.pack Exports a vector map as GRASS GIS specific archive file
1330 v.parallel Creates parallel line to input vector lines.
1332 v.patch Creates a new vector map by combining other vector maps.
1334 v.perturb Random location perturbations of vector points.
1336 v.profile Vector map profiling tool
1338 v.proj Re-projects a vector map from one location to the current
1340 location.
1341 v.qcount Indices for quadrat counts of vector point lists.
1343 v.random Generates random 2D/3D vector points.
1345 v.rast.stats Calculates univariate statistics from a raster map based on
1347 a vector map and uploads statistics to new attribute col‐
1348 umns.
1349 v.reclass Changes vector category values for an existing vector map
1351 according to results of SQL queries or a value in attribute
1352 table column.
1353 v.rectify Rectifies a vector by computing a coordinate transformation
1355 for each object in the vector based on the control points.
1356 v.report Reports geometry statistics for vector maps.
1358 v.sample Samples a raster map at vector point locations.
1360 v.segment Creates points/segments from input vector lines and posi‐
1362 tions.
1363 v.select Selects features from vector map (A) by features from other
1365 vector map (B).
1366 v.split Splits vector lines to shorter segments.
1368 v.support Updates vector map metadata.
1370 v.surf.bspline Performs bicubic or bilinear spline interpolation with
1372 Tykhonov regularization.
1373 v.surf.idw Provides surface interpolation from vector point data by In‐
1375 verse Distance Squared Weighting.
1376 v.surf.rst Performs surface interpolation from vector points map by
1378 splines.
1379 v.timestamp Modifies a timestamp for a vector map.
1381 v.to.3d Performs transformation of 2D vector features to 3D.
1383 v.to.db Populates attribute values from vector features.
1385 v.to.lines Converts vector polygons or points to lines.
1389 v.to.points Creates points along input lines in new vector map with 2
1391 layers.
1392 v.to.rast Converts (rasterize) a vector map into a raster map.
1394 v.to.rast3 Converts a vector map (only points) into a 3D raster map.
1396 v.transform Performs an affine transformation (shift, scale and rotate)
1398 on vector map.
1399 v.type Changes type of vector features.
1401 v.univar Calculates univariate statistics of vector map features.
1403 v.unpack Imports a GRASS GIS specific vector archive file (packed
1405 with v.pack) as a vector map
1406 v.vect.stats Count points in areas, calculate statistics from point at‐
1408 tributes.
1409 v.vol.rst Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using regularized
1411 spline with tension (RST) algorithm.
1412 v.voronoi Creates a Voronoi diagram constrained to the extents of the
1414 current region from an input vector map containing points or
1415 centroids.
1416 v.what Queries a vector map at given locations.
1418 v.what.rast Uploads raster values at positions of vector points to the
1420 table.
1421 v.what.rast3 Uploads 3D raster values at positions of vector points to
1423 the table.
1424 v.what.strds Uploads space time raster dataset values at positions of
1426 vector points to the table.
1427 v.what.vect Uploads vector values at positions of vector points to the
1429 table.
1430 Main index | Topics index | Keywords index | Graphical index | Full in‐
1433 dex
1434 © 2003-2023 GRASS Development Team, GRASS GIS 8.2.1 Reference Manual
1436GRASS 8.2.1 full_index(1)