nice(2) - f36

1NICE(2)                    Linux Programmer's Manual                   NICE(2)
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NAME

6       nice - change process priority
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SYNOPSIS

9       #include <unistd.h>
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11       int nice(int inc);
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13   Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
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15       nice():
16           _XOPEN_SOURCE
17               || /* Since glibc 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE
18               || /* Glibc <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
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DESCRIPTION

21       nice()  adds  inc  to the nice value for the calling thread.  (A higher
22       nice value means a lower priority.)
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24       The range of the nice value is +19 (low priority) to -20  (high  prior‐
25       ity).   Attempts  to  set a nice value outside the range are clamped to
26       the range.
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28       Traditionally, only a privileged process could  lower  the  nice  value
29       (i.e., set a higher priority).  However, since Linux 2.6.12, an unpriv‐
30       ileged process can decrease the nice value of a target process that has
31       a suitable RLIMIT_NICE soft limit; see getrlimit(2) for details.
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RETURN VALUE

34       On  success,  the new nice value is returned (but see NOTES below).  On
35       error, -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.
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37       A successful call can legitimately return -1.  To detect an error,  set
38       errno  to  0  before  the  call,  and check whether it is nonzero after
39       nice() returns -1.
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ERRORS

42       EPERM  The calling process attempted to increase its priority  by  sup‐
43              plying  a  negative  inc but has insufficient privileges.  Under
44              Linux, the CAP_SYS_NICE capability is required.   (But  see  the
45              discussion of the RLIMIT_NICE resource limit in setrlimit(2).)
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CONFORMING TO

48       POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4, 4.3BSD.  However, the raw system call
49       and (g)libc (earlier than glibc 2.2.4) return value is nonstandard, see
50       below.
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NOTES

53       For further details on the nice value, see sched(7).
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55       Note:  the  addition  of  the "autogroup" feature in Linux 2.6.38 means
56       that the nice value no longer has its traditional effect in  many  cir‐
57       cumstances.  For details, see sched(7).
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59   C library/kernel differences
60       POSIX.1  specifies  that nice() should return the new nice value.  How‐
61       ever, the raw Linux system call returns 0 on  success.   Likewise,  the
62       nice()  wrapper  function provided in glibc 2.2.3 and earlier returns 0
63       on success.
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65       Since glibc 2.2.4, the nice() wrapper function provided by  glibc  pro‐
66       vides  conformance  to  POSIX.1 by calling getpriority(2) to obtain the
67       new nice value, which is then returned to the caller.
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COLOPHON

74       This  page  is  part of release 5.13 of the Linux man-pages project.  A
75       description of the project, information about reporting bugs,  and  the
76       latest     version     of     this    page,    can    be    found    at
77       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
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81Linux                             2021-03-22                           NICE(2)