1Locale::gettext_dumb(3)User Contributed Perl DocumentatioLnocale::gettext_dumb(3)
2
6 Locale::gettext_dumb - Locale unaware Implementation of Uniforum
7 Message Translation
8
10 use Locale::gettext_dumb qw(:locale_h :libintl_h);
11 # Normally, you will not want to include this module directly but this way:
13 use Locale::Messages;
14 my $selected = Locale::Messages->select_package ('gettext_dumb');
16 gettext $msgid;
18 dgettext $domainname, $msgid;
19 dcgettext $domainname, $msgid, LC_MESSAGES;
20 ngettext $msgid, $msgid_plural, $count;
21 dngettext $domainname, $msgid, $msgid_plural, $count;
22 dcngettext $domainname, $msgid, $msgid_plural, $count, LC_MESSAGES;
23 pgettext $msgctxt, $msgid;
24 dpgettext $domainname, $msgctxt, $msgid;
25 dcpgettext $domainname, $msgctxt, $msgid, LC_MESSAGES;
26 npgettext $msgctxt, $msgid, $msgid_plural, $count;
27 dnpgettext $domainname, $msgctxt, $msgid, $msgid_plural, $count;
28 dcnpgettext $domainname, $msgctxt, $msgid, $msgid_plural, $count, LC_MESSAGES;
29 textdomain $domainname;
30 bindtextdomain $domainname, $directory;
31 bind_textdomain_codeset $domainname, $encoding;
32 my $category = LC_CTYPE;
33 my $category = LC_NUMERIC;
34 my $category = LC_TIME;
35 my $category = LC_COLLATE;
36 my $category = LC_MONETARY;
37 my $category = LC_MESSAGES;
38 my $category = LC_ALL;
39
41 IMPORTANT! This module is experimental. It may not work as described!
42 The module Locale::gettext_dumb does exactly the same as
44 Locale::gettext_xs(3pm) or Locale::gettext_pp(3pm).
45 While both other modules use POSIX::setlocale() to determine the
47 currently selected locale, this backend only checks the environment
48 variables LANGUAGE, LANG, LC_ALL, LC_MESSAGES (in that order), when it
49 tries to locate a message catalog (a .mo file).
50 This class was introduced in libintl-perl 1.22.
52
54 This module should not be used for desktop software or scripts run
55 locally. Why? If you use a message catalog for example in Danish in
56 UTF-8 (da_DA.UTF8) but the system locale is set to Russian with KOI8-R
57 (ru_RU.KOI8-R) you may produce invalid output, either invalid multi-
58 byte sequences or invalid text, depending on how you look at it.
59 That will happen, when you mix output from Locale::gettext_pp with
61 locale-dependent output from the operating system like the contents of
62 the variable "$!", date and time formatting functions (localtime(),
63 gmtime(), POSIX::strftime() etc.), number formatting with printf() and
64 friends, and so on.
65 A typical usage scenario looks like this:
67 You have a server application (for example a web application) that is
69 supposed to display a fixed set of messages in many languages. If you
70 want to do this with Locale::gettext_xs(3pm) or
71 Locale::gettext_pp(3pm), you have to install the locale data for all of
72 those languages. Otherwise, translating the messages will not work.
73 With Locale::gettext_dumb(3pm) you can relax these requirements, and
75 display messages for all languages that you have mo files for.
76 On the other hand, you will soon reach limits with this approach.
78 Almost any application requires more than bare translation of messages
79 for localisation. You want to formatted dates and times, you want to
80 display numbers in the correct formatting for the selected languages,
81 and you may want to display system error messages ("$!").
82 In practice, Locale::gettext_dumb(3pm) is still useful in these
84 scenarios. Your users will have to live with the fact that the
85 presented output is in different languages resp. for different locales,
86 when "their" locale is not installed on your system.
87 More dangerous is mixing output in different character sets but that
89 can be easily avoided. Simply make sure that Locale::gettext_dump uses
90 UTF-8 (for example by setting the environment variable OUTPUT_CHARSET
91 or by calling bind_textdomain_codeset()) and make sure that the system
92 locale also uses UTF-8, for example "en_US.UTF8". If that fails,
93 switch to a locale that uses a subset of UTF-8. In practice that will
94 be US-ASCII, the character set used by the default locale "C" resp.
95 "POSIX".
96 Your application will then to a certain extent mix output for different
98 localisations resp. languages. But this is completely under your
99 control.
100
102 See above! Normally you should not use this module! However, let us
103 assume you have read the warnings. In a web application you would do
104 something like this:
105 use Locale::TextDomain qw (com.example.yourapp);
107 use Locale::Messages qw (nl_putenv LC_ALL bindtextdomain
108 bind_textdomain_codeset);
109 use Locale::Util qw (web_set_locale);
110 use POSIX qw (setlocale);
111 # First try to switch to the locale requested by the user. If you
113 # know it you can try to pass it to setlocale like this:
114 #
115 # my $hardcoded_locale = 'fr_FR.UTF-8';
116 # my $success = POSIX::setlocale (LC_ALL, $hardcoded_locale);
117 #
118 # However, we try to let libintl-perl do a better job for us:
119 my $success = web_set_locale $ENV{HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE},
120 $ENV{HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET};
121 # Note: If your application forces the use of UTF-8 for its output
122 # you should pass 'UTF-8' as the second argument to web_set_locale
123 # instead of $ENV{HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET}.
124 if (!$success) {
126 # Did not work. Switch to the dumb interface of
127 # Locale::Messages.
128 Locale::Messages->select_package ('gettext_dumb');
129 # And try to switch to a default locale:
131 if (!setlocale (LC_ALL, 'en_US.UTF-8')) {
132 # Still no luck. Enforce at least US-ASCII:
133 setlocale (LC_ALL, 'C');
134 }
135 bind_textdomain_codeset 'com.example.yourapp', 'utf-8';
136 }
137 If your application forces the usage of UTF-8 you should ignore the
139 environment variable
140
142 Copyright (C) 2002-2017 Guido Flohr <http://www.guido-flohr.net/>
143 (<mailto:guido.flohr@cantanea.com>), all rights reserved. See the
144 source code for details!code for details!
145
147 Locale::TextDomain(3pm), Locale::Messages(3pm), Encode(3pm),
148 perllocale(3pm), POSIX(3pm), perl(1), gettext(1), gettext(3)
149perl v5.34.0 2022-01-21 Locale::gettext_dumb(3)