1bpkg-repository-types(1)    General Commands Manual   bpkg-repository-types(1)
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NAME

6       bpkg-repository-types - repository types, structure, and URLs
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DESCRIPTION

9       This  help  topic  describes  the  repository types recognized by bpkg,
10       their structure, and the format of their URLs. Currently three types of
11       repositories are supported: archive-based pkg, directory-based dir, and
12       version control-based git.
13
14       The repository location may specify the repository type as part of  the
15       URL scheme component in the type+protocol form. For example:
16
17       git+https://example.com/foo
18       dir+file:///tmp/repo
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20       Note  that  the  explicit specification is only needed when the correct
21       type cannot be guessed from the URL. See bpkg-rep-add(1) for details.
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PKG REPOSITORIES

24       A pkg repository is archive-based. That is, it contains a collection of
25       various packages/versions as archive files. For more information on the
26       structure of pkg repositories refer to The build2 Package Manager  Man‐
27       ual.  The  pkg  repository location can be a local directory path or an
28       http(s):// URL.
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DIR REPOSITORIES

31       A dir repository is directory-based. That is, it contains a  collection
32       of  various packages as directories but only a single version per pack‐
33       age can be present in such a repository. The  dir  repository  location
34       can be a local directory path or a file:// URL.
35
36       A  dir  repository  is expected to contain either the manifest or pack‐
37       ages.manifest file in the root directory of the repository. If it  only
38       contains  manifest,  then  it is assumed to be a simple, single-package
39       repository with the manifest file being its  package  manifest.  Other‐
40       wise, the packages.manifest file should list the locations of available
41       packages as described in Package List  Manifest  for  dir  Repositories
42       (#manifest-package-list-dir).
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44       A dir repository may also contain the repositories.manifest file in the
45       root directory of the repository. This file can be used to describe the
46       repository  itself  as  well as specify its prerequisite and complement
47       repositories. See Repository List Manifest  (#manifest-repository-list)
48       for details on the format and semantics of this file.
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GIT REPOSITORIES

51       A  git  repository  is version control-based. That is, it normally con‐
52       tains multiple versions of the same package (but can also contain  sev‐
53       eral, usually related, packages in the same repository).
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55       A  git  repository has the same structure and manifest files as the dir
56       repository. See Package List Manifest for dir Repositories  (#manifest-
57       package-list-dir)  and  Repository List Manifest (#manifest-repository-
58       list) for details on their format and semantics.
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60       Theoretically, a git repository may contain as many package versions as
61       there  are  commits.  Practically, however, we are normally only inter‐
62       ested in a small subset of them while fetching and processing the  nec‐
63       essary  information  for  all of them could be prohibitively expensive.
64       As a result, by default, only advertised tags in the refs/tags/v*  form
65       where  the  part after v is also a valid standard version (#module-ver‐
66       sion) are considered to be sources of useful  package  versions.  These
67       commits normally correspond to released versions and are called the de‐
68       fault set. Note that only the latest revision of each such  version  is
69       considered.
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71       Instead  of  the default set, it is possible to provide a custom set of
72       available versions by specifying one or more commit ids  and/or  refer‐
73       ences  and/or  reference  patterns  in the repository URL fragment (see
74       git-ls-remote(1) for details on advertised references). For example:
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76       https://example.com/foo.git#v1.2.3
77       https://example.com/foo.git#master
78       https://example.com/foo.git#af234f56
79       https://example.com/foo.git#tags/releases/*
80       https://example.com/foo.git#HEAD,tags/v1.*.*,heads/feature-*
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82       Furthermore, it is possible to expand (or narrow down) the default  set
83       using the special ## fragment notation. For example:
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85       https://example.com/foo.git##HEAD     - default set plus HEAD
86       https://example.com/foo.git##heads/*  - default set plus branches
87       https://example.com/foo.git##-v1.*    - default set minus v1.*
88
89       A  git  repository  URL fragment is a comma-separated list of reference
90       filters in the following form:
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92       [refname][@commit]
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94       Either refname, commit, or both must be specified. If both  are  speci‐
95       fied  then  refname is only used to minimize the amount of data fetched
96       and commit is expected to belong to its history. For example:
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98       .../foo.git#master@48fba3625d65941bb85a39061bcf795d4949c778
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100       The refname part can be an abbreviated commit id or an advertised  ref‐
101       erence  or reference pattern under refs/. While commit must be the com‐
102       plete, 40-characters SHA1 that need not be advertised. For convenience,
103       a  40-characters filter that consists of only hexadecimal digits is as‐
104       sumed to be commit even if not prefixed with @. In  an  unlikely  event
105       this  produces  an incorrect result, the @-form with omitted commit can
106       be used. For example:
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108       .../foo.git#48fba3625d65941bb85a39061bcf795d4949c778   (commit id)
109       .../foo.git#deadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeef@  (reference)
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111       The refname part can use the * and ? wildcard pattern  characters  with
112       the  standard  semantics  as  well  as  the ** character sequence which
113       matches in subdirectories, recursively. For example:
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115       .../foo.git#tags/v*    - tags/v1.2.3 but not tags/old/v0.1.0
116       .../foo.git#tags/v**   - tags/v1.2.3 and tags/old/v0.1.0
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118       A  relative  refname  is  searched  for  in  refs/,   refs/tags/,   and
119       refs/heads/  as  well as among symbolic references like HEAD. To anchor
120       it to refs/ make it absolute, for example:
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122       .../foo.git#tags/v*   - refs/tags/v1.2.3 but also refs/heads/tags/voo
123       .../foo.git#/tags/v*  - refs/tags/v1.2.3 only
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125       While a refname pattern is allowed not match any references, a non-pat‐
126       tern that doesn't resolve to a reference is invalid.
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128       If  a  refname starts with minus (-) then it is treated as an exclusion
129       filter – any references that it matches are excluded from the  set  in‐
130       cluded by the preceding filters (or the default set). For example:
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132       .../foo.git#v*,-v1.*  - exclude v1.* from v*
133       .../foo.git##-v1.*    - exclude v1.* from default set
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135       To support specifying literal leading minus, a refname that starts with
136       plus (+) is treated as an inclusion filter. For example:
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138       .../foo.git#+x   - include  x
139       .../foo.git#+-x  - include -x
140       .../foo.git#++x  - include +x
141
142       Currently supported git protocols  are  git://,  ssh://  (but  not  scp
143       pseudo-URL  syntax),  http://, and https:// for remote repositories and
144       file:// for local repositories. While bpkg tries to minimize the amount
145       of  information  (history)  fetched, it is not always possible for some
146       protocols and/or server configurations, as discussed next.
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148       A git repository accessible via http(s):// can use either dumb or smart
149       protocol  (refer to the git documentation for details). The dumb proto‐
150       col provides only limited support for fetch minimization  and  if  this
151       protocol is used, then bpkg has no choice but to download a substantial
152       amount of history.
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154       The smart protocol allows fetching of  minimal  history  for  tags  and
155       branches.   Whether  this is also possible for (all) commit ids depends
156       on whether the server is configured to allow fetching unadvertised com‐
157       mits. For details, refer to the uploadpack.allowReachableSHA1InWant and
158       uploadpack.allowAnySHA1InWant git configuration values.
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160       The git:// and ssh:// protocols are similar to smart  http://  in  that
161       they  support fetching minimal history for tags and branches and may or
162       may not support this for commit ids depending on the server  configura‐
163       tion.   Note,  however, that unlike for http(s)://, for these protocols
164       bpkg does not try to sense if fetching unadvertised commits is  allowed
165       and always assumes that it is not. Also note that the sensed or assumed
166       protocol capabilities can be overridden for a git repository URL prefix
167       using the --git-capabilities option (bpkg-common-options(1)).
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169       Based  on  this information, to achieve optimal results the recommended
170       protocol for remote repositories is smart  https://.  Additionally,  if
171       you  are  planning  to refer to unadvertised commit ids, then also con‐
172       sider configuring the server to allow fetching unadvertised commits.
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174       The file:// protocol has the same fetch minimization support as  git://
175       and is therefore treated the same.
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BUGS

178       Send bug reports to the users@build2.org mailing list.
179
181       Copyright (c) 2014-2023 the build2 authors.
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183       Permission  is  granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
184       under the terms of the MIT License.
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188bpkg 0.16.0                        June 2023          bpkg-repository-types(1)
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