1pts(4) Kernel Interfaces Manual pts(4)
2
3
4
6 ptmx, pts - pseudoterminal master and slave
7
9 The file /dev/ptmx (the pseudoterminal multiplexor device) is a charac‐
10 ter file with major number 5 and minor number 2, usually with mode 0666
11 and ownership root:root. It is used to create a pseudoterminal master
12 and slave pair.
13
14 When a process opens /dev/ptmx, it gets a file descriptor for a pseu‐
15 doterminal master and a pseudoterminal slave device is created in the
16 /dev/pts directory. Each file descriptor obtained by opening /dev/ptmx
17 is an independent pseudoterminal master with its own associated slave,
18 whose path can be found by passing the file descriptor to ptsname(3).
19
20 Before opening the pseudoterminal slave, you must pass the master's
21 file descriptor to grantpt(3) and unlockpt(3).
22
23 Once both the pseudoterminal master and slave are open, the slave pro‐
24 vides processes with an interface that is identical to that of a real
25 terminal.
26
27 Data written to the slave is presented on the master file descriptor as
28 input. Data written to the master is presented to the slave as input.
29
30 In practice, pseudoterminals are used for implementing terminal emula‐
31 tors such as xterm(1), in which data read from the pseudoterminal mas‐
32 ter is interpreted by the application in the same way a real terminal
33 would interpret the data, and for implementing remote-login programs
34 such as sshd(8), in which data read from the pseudoterminal master is
35 sent across the network to a client program that is connected to a ter‐
36 minal or terminal emulator.
37
38 Pseudoterminals can also be used to send input to programs that nor‐
39 mally refuse to read input from pipes (such as su(1), and passwd(1)).
40
42 /dev/ptmx, /dev/pts/*
43
45 The Linux support for the above (known as UNIX 98 pseudoterminal nam‐
46 ing) is done using the devpts filesystem, which should be mounted on
47 /dev/pts.
48
50 getpt(3), grantpt(3), ptsname(3), unlockpt(3), pty(7)
51
52
53
54Linux man-pages 6.04 2022-10-30 pts(4)