strncat(3)

1strncat(3)                 Library Functions Manual                 strncat(3)
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NAME

6       strncat - concatenate a null-padded character sequence into a string
7

LIBRARY

9       Standard C library (libc, -lc)
10

SYNOPSIS

12       #include <string.h>
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14       char *strncat(char *restrict dst, const char src[restrict .sz],
15                      size_t sz);
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DESCRIPTION

18       This  function  catenates  the  input character sequence contained in a
19       null-padded fixed-width buffer, into a string at the buffer pointed  to
20       by  dst.   The  programmer  is responsible for allocating a destination
21       buffer large enough, that is, strlen(dst) + strnlen(src, sz) + 1.
22
23       An implementation of this function might be:
24
25           char *
26           strncat(char *restrict dst, const char *restrict src, size_t sz)
27           {
28               int   len;
29               char  *p;
30
31               len = strnlen(src, sz);
32               p = dst + strlen(dst);
33               p = mempcpy(p, src, len);
34               *p = '\0';
35
36               return dst;
37           }
38

RETURN VALUE

40       strncat() returns dst.
41

ATTRIBUTES

43       For an  explanation  of  the  terms  used  in  this  section,  see  at‐
44       tributes(7).
45
46       ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬─────────┐
47       │Interface                                   │ Attribute     │ Value   │
48       ├────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼─────────┤
49       │strncat()                                   │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │
50       └────────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴─────────┘
51

STANDARDS

53       C11, POSIX.1-2008.
54

HISTORY

56       POSIX.1-2001, C89, SVr4, 4.3BSD.
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CAVEATS

59       The  name of this function is confusing.  This function has no relation
60       to strncpy(3).
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62       If the destination buffer is not large enough, the  behavior  is  unde‐
63       fined.  See _FORTIFY_SOURCE in feature_test_macros(7).
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BUGS

66       This function can be very inefficient.  Read about Shlemiel the painter
67       ⟨https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2001/12/11/back-to-basics/⟩.
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EXAMPLES

70       #include <err.h>
71       #include <stdio.h>
72       #include <stdlib.h>
73       #include <string.h>
74
75       #define nitems(arr)  (sizeof((arr)) / sizeof((arr)[0]))
76
77       int
78       main(void)
79       {
80           size_t  maxsize;
81
82           // Null-padded fixed-width character sequences
83           char    pre[4] = "pre.";
84           char    new_post[50] = ".foo.bar";
85
86           // Strings
87           char    post[] = ".post";
88           char    src[] = "some_long_body.post";
89           char    *dest;
90
91           maxsize = nitems(pre) + strlen(src) - strlen(post) +
92                     nitems(new_post) + 1;
93           dest = malloc(sizeof(*dest) * maxsize);
94           if (dest == NULL)
95               err(EXIT_FAILURE, "malloc()");
96
97           dest[0] = '\0';  // There's no 'cpy' function to this 'cat'.
98           strncat(dest, pre, nitems(pre));
99           strncat(dest, src, strlen(src) - strlen(post));
100           strncat(dest, new_post, nitems(new_post));
101
102           puts(dest);  // "pre.some_long_body.foo.bar"
103           free(dest);
104           exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
105       }
106