1CWEB(1) General Commands Manual CWEB(1)
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6 ctangle, cweave - translate CWEB to C/C++ and/or TeX
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9 ctangle [options] webfile[.w] [{changefile[.ch]|-} [outfile[.c]]]
10 cweave [options] webfile[.w] [{changefile[.ch]|-} [outfile[.tex]]]
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13 The ctangle program converts a CWEB source document into a C/C++ pro‐
14 gram that may be compiled in the usual way. The output file includes
15 #line specifications so that debugging can be done in terms of the CWEB
16 source file.
17 The cweave program converts the same CWEB file into a TeX file that may
19 be formatted and printed in the usual way. It takes appropriate care
20 of typographic details like page layout and the use of indentation,
21 italics, boldface, etc., and it supplies extensive cross-index informa‐
22 tion that it gathers automatically.
23 CWEB allows you to prepare a single document containing all the infor‐
25 mation that is needed both to produce a compilable C/C++ program and to
26 produce a well-formatted document describing the program in as much de‐
27 tail as the writer may desire. The user of CWEB ought to be familiar
28 with TeX as well as C/C++.
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31 The command line should have one, two, or three names on it. The first
32 is taken as the CWEB input file (and .w is added if there is no exten‐
33 sion). If there is a second name, it is a change file (and .ch is
34 added if there is no extension). The change file overrides parts of
35 the CWEB file, as described in the documentation. If there is a third
36 name, it overrides the default name of the output file, which is ordi‐
37 narily the same as the name of the input file (but on the current di‐
38 rectory) with the extension .tex. If you just want to change the out‐
39 put file name, but don’t have a change file to apply, you can use `-'
40 as the second argument.
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43 CWEBbin tries hard to be a drop-in replacement for CWEB, so in general
44 you should not notice any differences in invoking the programs nor in
45 the resulting output. There are, however, a few differences worth not‐
46 ing:
47 • Options --help, --quiet, --verbose, --version, and flags +c, -i, -o,
49 +u, and +lX are new in CWEBbin and TeX Live.
50 • Option +lX is accompanied by several wrapper files for cwebmac.tex
52 with translated captions for German (+ld), French (+lf), and Italian
53 (+li).
54 • CWEB in TeX Live operates silently by default (as of 2019); use the
56 --verbose option to get the original behavior.
57 • File lookup with the environment variable CWEBINPUTS is extended to
59 permit several, colon-separated, paths; see ENVIRONMENT below.
60 • If properly configured, the main programs ctangle and cweave are lo‐
62 calized with the “GNU gettext utilities”.
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65 Options on the command line may be either turned off with `-' (if they
66 are on by default) or turned on with `+' (if they are off by default).
67 In fact, the options are processed from left to right, so a sequence
68 like --verbose -h will only show the banner line (+b) and the progress
69 report (+p), but leave out the happy message (-h).
70 The first batch of options are common to both ctangle and cweave:
72 • +b: print banner line on terminal
74 • +h: print success message on completion
76 • +p: print progress report messages
78 • +q/-q: shortcut for -bhp; also --quiet (default)
80 • +v/-v: shortcut for +bhp; also --verbose
82 • +c: check temporary output for changes
84 • +s: print usage statistics
86 • --help: display help message and exit
88 • --version: output version information and exit
90 There is one other option applicable to ctangle only:
92 • +k: keep separators in numeric literals in the output
94 • +u: transliterate UTF-8 charcters in C code
96 There are seven other options applicable to cweave only:
98 • -e: do not enclose C/C++ material in \PB{...}
100 • -f: do not force a newline after every C/C++ statement in output
102 • -i: suppress indentation of parameter declarations
104 • -o: suppress separation of declarations and statements
106 • -x: omit indices, section names, table of contents
108 • +lX/-lX: use macros for language X as of Xcwebmac.tex
110 • +t: treat typename in a template like typedef
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114 The environment variable CWEBINPUTS is used to search for the input
115 files, or the system default if CWEBINPUTS is not set. See tex(1) for
116 the details of the searching. To avoid conflicts with other programs
117 that also use the CWEBINPUTS environment, you can be more specific and
118 use CWEBINPUTS_cweb for special requirements in CWEB.
119 If prepared for NLS support, ctangle and cweave use the environment
121 variable TEXMFLOCALEDIR to configure the parent directory where the
122 “GNU gettext utilities” search for translation catalogs.
123 These variables are preconfigured in TeX Live’s texmf.cnf.
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127 The location of the files mentioned below varies from system to system.
128 Use the kpsewhich utility to find their locations.
129 • cwebmac.tex: The default TeX macros \input in the first line of the
131 cweave output file.
132 • cwebman.tex: The CWEB user manual, available in PDF from CTAN
134 (https://ctan.org/pkg/cweb).
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137 • The CWEB System of Structured Documentation: by Donald E. Knuth and
138 Silvio Levy (hardcopy version of cwebman.tex and the source code
139 listings of common.w, ctangle.w, and cweave.w).
140 • Literate Programming: by D. E. Knuth.
142 • Weaving a Program: by Wayne Sewell.
144 cweb(1), tex(1), cc(1)
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148 Don Knuth wrote WEB for TeX and Pascal.
149 Silvio Levy designed and developed CWEB by adapting the WEB conventions
150 to C and by recoding everything in CWEB. Knuth began using CWEB and
151 made further refinements.
152 Many other helpers are acknowledged in the CWEB manual.
153 Contemporary development on https://github.com/ascherer/cweb.
154Web2c 2023 August 20, 2022 CWEB(1)