1PAM(8)                         Linux-PAM Manual                         PAM(8)
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NAME

6       PAM, pam - Pluggable Authentication Modules for Linux
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DESCRIPTION

9       This manual is intended to offer a quick introduction to Linux-PAM. For
10       more information the reader is directed to the Linux-PAM system
11       administrators' guide.
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13       Linux-PAM is a system of libraries that handle the authentication tasks
14       of applications (services) on the system. The library provides a stable
15       general interface (Application Programming Interface - API) that
16       privilege granting programs (such as login(1) and su(1)) defer to to
17       perform standard authentication tasks.
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19       The principal feature of the PAM approach is that the nature of the
20       authentication is dynamically configurable. In other words, the system
21       administrator is free to choose how individual service-providing
22       applications will authenticate users. This dynamic configuration is set
23       by the contents of the single Linux-PAM configuration file
24       /etc/pam.conf. Alternatively and preferably, the configuration can be
25       set by individual configuration files located in a pam.d directory. The
26       presence of this directory will cause Linux-PAM to ignore
27       /etc/pam.conf.
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29       Vendor-supplied PAM configuration files might be installed in the
30       system directory /usr/lib/pam.d/ or a configurable vendor specific
31       directory instead of the machine configuration directory /etc/pam.d/.
32       If no machine configuration file is found, the vendor-supplied file is
33       used. All files in /etc/pam.d/ override files with the same name in
34       other directories.
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36       From the point of view of the system administrator, for whom this
37       manual is provided, it is not of primary importance to understand the
38       internal behavior of the Linux-PAM library. The important point to
39       recognize is that the configuration file(s) define the connection
40       between applications (services) and the pluggable authentication
41       modules (PAMs) that perform the actual authentication tasks.
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43       Linux-PAM separates the tasks of authentication into four independent
44       management groups: account management; authentication management;
45       password management; and session management. (We highlight the
46       abbreviations used for these groups in the configuration file.)
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48       Simply put, these groups take care of different aspects of a typical
49       user's request for a restricted service:
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51       account - provide account verification types of service: has the user's
52       password expired?; is this user permitted access to the requested
53       service?
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55       authentication - authenticate a user and set up user credentials.
56       Typically this is via some challenge-response request that the user
57       must satisfy: if you are who you claim to be please enter your
58       password. Not all authentications are of this type, there exist
59       hardware based authentication schemes (such as the use of smart-cards
60       and biometric devices), with suitable modules, these may be substituted
61       seamlessly for more standard approaches to authentication - such is the
62       flexibility of Linux-PAM.
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64       password - this group's responsibility is the task of updating
65       authentication mechanisms. Typically, such services are strongly
66       coupled to those of the auth group. Some authentication mechanisms lend
67       themselves well to being updated with such a function. Standard UN*X
68       password-based access is the obvious example: please enter a
69       replacement password.
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71       session - this group of tasks cover things that should be done prior to
72       a service being given and after it is withdrawn. Such tasks include the
73       maintenance of audit trails and the mounting of the user's home
74       directory. The session management group is important as it provides
75       both an opening and closing hook for modules to affect the services
76       available to a user.
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FILES

79       /etc/pam.conf
80           the configuration file
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82       /etc/pam.d
83           the Linux-PAM configuration directory. Generally, if this directory
84           is present, the /etc/pam.conf file is ignored.
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86       /usr/lib/pam.d
87           the Linux-PAM vendor configuration directory. Files in /etc/pam.d
88           override files with the same name in this directory.
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ERRORS

91       Typically errors generated by the Linux-PAM system of libraries, will
92       be written to syslog(3).
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CONFORMING TO

95       DCE-RFC 86.0, October 1995. Contains additional features, but remains
96       backwardly compatible with this RFC.
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SEE ALSO

99       pam(3), pam_authenticate(3), pam_sm_setcred(3), pam_strerror(3), PAM(8)
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103Linux-PAM                         05/07/2023                            PAM(8)
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