1PSCOUPE(1) Generic Mapping Tools PSCOUPE(1)
2
6 pscoupe - Plot cross-sections of focal mechanisms.
7
9 pscoupe files -Jparameters -Rwest/east/south/north[r] -Aparameters [
10 -B[p|s]parameters ] [ -Ffill ] [ -Gfill ] [ -H[i][nrec] ] [ -K ] [
11 -L[pen] ] [ -M ] [ -N ] [ -O ] [ -P ] [ -S<symbol><scale>[/d] ] [
12 -s<symbol><size>[/d] ] [ -Tn ] [ -U[just/dx/dy/][c|label] ] [ -V ] [
13 -Wpen ] [ -X[a|c|r][x-shift[u]] ] [ -Y[a|c|r][y-shift[u]] ] [ -Zcpt ] [
14 -a[size/[P_symbol/[T_symbol]]] ] [ -gfill ] [ -efill ] [ -ppen ] [
15 -tpen ] [ -:[i|o] ] [ -ccopies ]
16
18 pscoupe reads data values from files [or standard input] and generates
19 PostScript code that will plot symbols, lines or polygons on a cross-
20 section. Focal mechanisms may be specified and require additional
21 columns of data. The PostScript code is written to standard output.
22 files list one or more file-names. If no files are given, pscoupe will
24 read standard input.
25 A new file is created with the new coordinates (x, y) and the mechanism
27 (from lower focal half-sphere for horizontal plane, to half-sphere
28 behind a vertical plane). When the plane is not horizontal, - north
29 direction becomes upwards steepest descent direction of the plane (u) -
30 east direction becomes strike direction of the plane (s) - down direc‐
31 tion (= north^east) becomes u^s
32 Axis angles are defined in the same way as in horizontal plane in the
33 new system.
34 Moment tensor (initially in r, t, f system that is up, south, east) is
35 defined in (-u^s, -u, s) system. A file is created with extracted
36 events.
37 -J Selects the map projection. Scale is UNIT/degree, 1:xxxxx, or
40 width in UNIT (upper case modifier). UNIT is cm, inch, or m,
41 depending on the MEASURE_UNIT setting in .gmtdefaults4, but this
42 can be overridden on the command line by appending c, i, or m to
43 the scale/width value. When central meridian is optional,
44 default is center of longitude range on -R option. Default
45 standard parallel is the equator. For map height, max dimen‐
46 sion, or min dimension, append h, +, or - to the width, respec‐
47 tively.
48 More details can be found in the psbasemap man pages.
49 CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:
51 -Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
53 -Jcyl_stere/[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Cylindrical Stereographic)
54 -Jj[lon0/]scale (Miller)
55 -Jm[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Mercator)
56 -Jmlon0/lat0/scale (Mercator - Give meridian and standard paral‐
57 lel)
58 -Jo[a]lon0/lat0/azimuth/scale (Oblique Mercator - point and
59 azimuth)
60 -Jo[b]lon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale (Oblique Mercator - two points)
61 -Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale (Oblique Mercator - point and
62 pole)
63 -Jq[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Cylindrical Equidistant)
64 -Jtlon0/[lat0/]scale (TM - Transverse Mercator)
65 -Juzone/scale (UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator)
66 -Jy[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Cylindrical Equal-Area)
67 CONIC PROJECTIONS:
69 -Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
71 -Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Conic Equidistant)
72 -Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert Conic Conformal)
73 AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:
75 -Jalon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area)
77 -Jelon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Azimuthal Equidistant)
78 -Jflon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Gnomonic)
79 -Jglon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Orthographic)
80 -Jglon0/lat0/altitude/azimuth/tilt/twist/Width/Height/scale
81 (General Perspective).
82 -Jslon0/lat0[/horizon][/slat]/scale (General Stereographic)
83 MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:
85 -Jh[lon0/]scale (Hammer)
87 -Ji[lon0/]scale (Sinusoidal)
88 -Jkf[lon0/]scale (Eckert IV)
89 -Jk[s][lon0/]scale (Eckert IV)
90 -Jn[lon0/]scale (Robinson)
91 -Jr[lon0/]scale (Winkel Tripel)
92 -Jv[lon0/]scale (Van der Grinten)
93 -Jw[lon0/]scale (Mollweide)
94 NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:
96 -Jp[a]scale[/origin][r|z] (Polar coordinates (theta,r))
98 -Jxx-scale[d|l|ppow|t|T][/y-scale[d|l|ppow|t|T]] (Linear, log,
99 and power scaling)
100 -R west, east, south, and north specify the Region of interest, and
102 you may specify them in decimal degrees or in
103 [+-]dd:mm[:ss.xxx][W|E|S|N] format. Append r if lower left and
104 upper right map coordinates are given instead of w/e/s/n. The
105 two shorthands -Rg and -Rd stand for global domain (0/360 and
106 -180/+180 in longitude respectively, with -90/+90 in latitude).
107 If frame is defined from cross-section parameters (see -A) this
108 option is not taken into account, but must be present.
109 -A selects the cross-section.
111 -Aalon1/lat1/lon2/lat2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
112 lon and lat are the longitude and latitude of points 1 and 2
113 limiting the length ot the cross-section.
114 dip is the dip of the plane on which the cross-section is made.
115 p_width is the width of the cross-section on each side of a ver‐
116 tical plane or above and under an oblique plane.
117 dmin and dmax are the distances min and max from horizontal
118 plane, along steepest descent direction.
119 Add f to get the frame from the cross-section parameters.
120 -Ablon1/lat1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
121 lon1 and lat1 are the longitude and latitude of the beginning of
122 the cross-section.
123 strike is the azimut of the direction of the cross-section.
124 p_length is the length along which the cross-section is made.
125 The other parameters are the same as for -Aa option.
126 -Acx1/y1/x2/y2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
127 The same as -Aa option with x and y cartesian coordinates.
128 -Adx1/y1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
129 The same as -Ab option with x and y cartesian coordinates.
130 -S selects the meaning of the columns in the data file and the fig‐
132 ure to be plotted.
133 -Sascale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
135 Focal mechanisms in Aki and Richard convention. scale adjusts
136 the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be
137 proportional to the magnitude. The scale is the size for magni‐
138 tude = 5 in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to
139 indicate that the size information is in units of cm, inches,
140 meters, or points, respectively). Use the -T option to render
141 the beach ball transparent by drawing only the nodal planes and
142 the circumference. The color or shade of the compressive quad‐
143 rants can be specified with the -G option. The color or shade
144 of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
145 Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:
146 1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
149 3: depth of event in kilometers
151 4,5,6: strike, dip and rake
153 7: magnitude
155 8,9: not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format
157 10: text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under
159 (add u).
160 -Scscale
163 Focal mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention. scale adjusts the
164 scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be propor‐
165 tional to the magnitude. The scale is the size for magnitude = 5
166 (that is M0 = 4E+23 dynes-cm.) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m,
167 or p is appended to indicate that the size information is in
168 units of cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively). Use the
169 -T option to render the beach ball transparent by drawing only
170 the nodal planes and the circumference. The color or shade of
171 the compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option.
172 The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified
173 with the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in the fol‐
174 lowing columns:
175 1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
177 3: depth of event in kilometers
179 4,5,6: strike, dip, and slip of plane 1
181 7,8,9: strike, dip, and slip of plane 2
183 10,11: mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm (if magnitude is uses
185 instead of scalar moment, magnitude is in column 10 and 0 must
186 be in column 11)
187 12,13: not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format
189 14: text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under
191 (add u).
192 -Spscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
195 Focal mechanisms given with partial data on both planes. scale
196 adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which
197 will be proportional to the magnitude. The scale is the size
198 for magnitude = 5 in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is
199 appended to indicate that the size information is in units of
200 cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively). The color or
201 shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G
202 option. The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be
203 specified with the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in
204 the following columns:
205 1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
207 3: depth
209 4,5: strike, dip of plane 1
211 6: strike of plane 2
213 7: must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault
215 8: magnitude
217 9,10: not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format
219 11: text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under
221 (add u).
222 -Smscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
225 Seismic moment tensor. scale adjusts the scaling of the radius
226 of the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the magni‐
227 tude. The scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is seismic
228 scalar moment = 4E+23 dynes-cm) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m,
229 or p is appended to indicate that the size information is in
230 units of cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively). (-T0
231 option overlays best double couple transparently.) Put
232 -Sdscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot the only double couple
233 part of moment tensor. Put -Szscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to
234 plot anisotropic part of moment tensor (zero trace). The color
235 or shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified with the
236 -G option. The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be
237 specified with the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in
238 the following columns:
239 1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
241 3: depth of event in kilometers
243 4,5,6,7,8,9:
245 mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-cm
246 10: exponent
248 11,12: Not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format
250 13: Text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under
252 (add u).
253 -Sxscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
256 Principal axis. scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the
257 "beach ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. The
258 scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is seismic scalar
259 moment = 4*10e+23 dynes-cm) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or
260 p is appended to indicate that the size information is in units
261 of cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively). (-T0 option
262 overlays best double couple transparently.) Put -Syscale[/font‐
263 size[/offset[u]]] to plot the only double couple part of moment
264 tensor. Put -Stscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic
265 part of moment tensor (zero trace). The color or shade of the
266 compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The
267 color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with
268 the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
269 columns:
270 1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
272 3: depth of event in kilometers
274 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12:
276 value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of the T, N,
277 and P axes.
278 13: exponent
280 14,15: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
282 these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0 in
283 columns 9 and 10 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, lat‐
284 itude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange
285 the order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
286 16: Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
288 -ssymbol[size[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
290 selects a symbol instead of mechanism. Choose from the follow‐
291 ing: (c) circle, (d) diamond, (i) itriangle, (s) square, (t)
292 triangle, (x) cross. size is the symbol size in MEASURE_UNIT
293 (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to indicate that the size
294 information is in units of cm, inches, meters, or points,
295 respectively). If size must be read, it must be in column 4 and
296 the text string will start in column 5. Parameters are expected
297 to be in the following columns:
298 1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
300 3: depth of event in kilometers
302 4: Text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under
304 (add u).
305
307 No space between the option flag and the associated arguments.
308 -B Sets map boundary annotation and tickmark intervals; see the
310 psbasemap man page for all the details.
311 -Efill Selects filling of extensive quadrants. Usually white. Set the
313 shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 255/255/255].
314 -Gfill Selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention, the compres‐
316 sional quadrants are shaded. Set the shade (0-255) or color
317 (r/g/b) [Default is 0/0/0]. Optionally, specify -Gpi‐
318 con_size/pattern, where pattern gives the number of the image
319 pattern (1-90) OR the name of a Sun rasterfile. icon_size sets
320 the unit size in inches. To invert black and white pixels, use
321 -GP instead of -Gp. See Appendix E for information on individ‐
322 ual patterns.
323 -H Input file(s) has Header record(s). Number of header records
325 can be changed by editing your .gmtdefaults4 file. If used, GMT
326 default is 1 header record. Use -Hi if only input data should
327 have header records [Default will write out header records if
328 the input data have them]. Blank lines and lines starting with #
329 are always skipped.
330 -K More PostScript code will be appended later [Default terminates
332 the plot system].
333 -L[pen]
335 Draws the "beach ball" outline using current pen (see -W) or
336 sets pen attributes.
337 -M Same size for any magnitude.
339 -N Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside map border [Default
341 plots points inside border only].
342 -O Selects Overlay plot mode [Default initializes a new plot sys‐
344 tem].
345 -P Selects Portrait plotting mode [Default is Landscape, see gmtde‐
347 faults to change this].
348 -T[num_of_planes]
350 Plots the nodal planes and outlines the bubble which is trans‐
351 parent. If num_of_planes is
352 0: both nodal planes are plotted;
353 1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;
354 2: only the second nodal plane is plotted [Default: 0].
355 -U Draw Unix System time stamp on plot. By adding just/dx/dy/, the
357 user may specify the justification of the stamp and where the
358 stamp should fall on the page relative to lower left corner of
359 the plot. For example, BL/0/0 will align the lower left corner
360 of the time stamp with the lower left corner of the plot.
361 Optionally, append a label, or c (which will plot the command
362 string.). The GMT parameters UNIX_TIME, UNIX_TIME_POS, and
363 UNIX_TIME_FORMAT can affect the appearance; see the gmtdefaults
364 man page for details. The time string will be in the locale set
365 by the environment variable TZ (generally local time).
366 -V Selects verbose mode, which will send progress reports to stderr
368 [Default runs "silently"].
369 -W set pen attributes for text string or default pen attributes for
371 fault plane edges. [Defaults: width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture
372 = solid].
373 -X -Y Shift plot origin relative to the current origin by (x-shift,y-
375 shift) and optionally append the length unit (c, i, m, p). You
376 can prepend a to shift the origin back to the original position
377 after plotting, or prepend r [Default] to reset the current
378 origin to the new location. If -O is used then the default (x-
379 shift,y-shift) is (0,0), otherwise it is (r1i, r1i) or (r2.5c,
380 r2.5c). Alternatively, give c to align the center coordinate (x
381 or y) of the plot with the center of the page based on current
382 page size.
383 -Zcptfile
385 Give a color palette file and let compressive part color be
386 determined by the z-value in the third column.
387 -a[size/[P_axis_symbol/[T_axis_symbol]]]
389 Computes and plots P and T axes with symbols. Optionally specify
390 size and (separate) P and T axis symbols from the following: (c)
391 circle, (d) diamond, (h) hexagon, (i) inverse triangle,
392 (p)point, (s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross. [Defaults:
393 0.2c/c/c or 0.08i/c/c.]
394 -efill Selects filling of T axis symbol. Set the shade (0-255) or
396 color (r/g/b) [Default is color of extensive parts.]
397 -gfill Selects filling of P axis symbol. Set the shade (0-255) or
399 color (r/g/b) [Default is color of compressive parts.]
400 -p[pen]
402 Draws the P axis outline using current pen (see -W), or sets pen
403 attributes.
404 -t[pen]
406 Draws the T axis outline using current pen (see -W), or sets pen
407 attributes.
408 -: Toggles between (longitude,latitude) and (latitude,longitude)
410 input and/or output. [Default is (longitude,latitude)]. Append
411 i to select input only or o to select output only. [Default
412 affects both].
413 -c Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1].
415
417 GMT(1), psbasemap(1), psmeca(1), psxy(1)
418
421 Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 1980.
422 Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman, 1980.
423 F. A. Dahlen and Jeoren Trom, Theoretical Seismology, Princeton, 1998,
424 p.167. Definition of scalar moment.
425 Cliff Frohlich, Cliff's Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal Lines for P, Sh
426 and Sv
427 Seismological Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, January-February,
428 1996
429 Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology, Academic Press,
430 1995, p.384.
431 W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery, Numerical
432 Recipes in C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)
433
436 Genevieve Patau
437 CNRS UMR 7580
438 Seismology Dept.
439 Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
440 (patau@ipgp.jussieu.fr)
441GMT 4.3.1 15 May 2008 PSCOUPE(1)