1PSBASEMAP(1) Generic Mapping Tools PSBASEMAP(1)
2
6 psbasemap - To plot PostScript basemaps
7
9 psbasemap -B[p|s]parameters -Jparameters
10 -Rwest/east/south/north[/zmin/zmax][r] [ -Eazimuth/elevation ] [ -Gfill
11 ] [ -Jz|Zparameters ] [ -K ] [
12 -L[f][x]lon0/lat0[/slon]/slat/length[m|n|k][:label:just][+ppen][+ffill]
13 ] ] [ -O ] [ -P ] [ -U[just/dx/dy/][c|label] ] [
14 -T[f|m][x]lon0/lat0/size[/info][:w,e,s,n:][+gint[/mint]] ] [ -V ] [
15 -X[a|c|r][x-shift[u]] ] [ -Y[a|c|r][y-shift[u]] ] [ -Zzlevel ] [
16 -ccopies ]
17
19 psbasemap creates PostScript code that will produce a basemap. Several
20 map projections are available, and the user may specify separate tick‐
21 mark intervals for boundary annotation, ticking, and [optionally] grid‐
22 lines. A simple map scale or directional rose may also be plotted.
23 -B Sets map boundary annotation and tickmark intervals. The format
25 of tickinfo is
26 [p|s]xinfo[/yinfo[/zinfo]][:."Title":][W|w][E|e][S|s][N|n][Z|z[+]].
27 The leading p [Default] or s selects the primary or secondary
28 annotation information. Each of the ?info segments are
29 textstrings of the form info[:"Axis label":][:="pre‐
30 fix":][:,"unit label":]. The info string is made up of one or
31 more concatenated substrings of the form
32 [which]stride[+-phase][u]. The optional which can be either a
33 for annotation tick spacing [Default], f for frame tick spacing,
34 and g for gridline spacing. If frame interval is not set, it is
35 assumed to be the same as annotation interval. stride is the
36 desired stride interval. The optional phase shifts the annota‐
37 tion interval by that amount. The optional u indicates the unit
38 of the stride and can be any of Y (year, plot with 4 digits), y
39 (year, plot with 2 digits), O (month, plot using PLOT_DATE_FOR‐
40 MAT), o (month, plot with 2 digits), U (ISO week, plot using
41 PLOT_DATE_FORMAT), u (ISO week, plot using 2 digits), r (Grego‐
42 rian week, 7-day stride from start of week TIME_WEEK_START), K
43 (ISO weekday, plot name of day), D (date, plot using
44 PLOT_DATE_FORMAT), d (day, plot day of month 0-31 or year 1-366,
45 via PLOT_DATE_FORMAT), R (day, same as d, aligned with
46 TIME_WEEK_START), H (hour, plot using PLOT_CLOCK_FORMAT), h
47 (hour, plot with 2 digits), M (minute, plot using
48 PLOT_CLOCK_FORMAT), m (minute, plot with 2 digits), C (second,
49 plot using PLOT_CLOCK_FORMAT), c (second, plot with 2 digits).
50 Note for geographic axes m and c instead mean arc minutes and
51 arc seconds. All entities that are language-specific are under
52 control by TIME_LANGUAGE. To specify separate x and y ticks,
53 separate the substrings that apply to the x and y axes with a
54 slash [/] (If a 3-D basemap is selected with -E and -Jz, a third
55 substring pertaining to the vertical axis may be appended.) For
56 linear/log/power projections (-Jx|X): Labels for each axis can
57 be added by surrounding them with colons. If the first charac‐
58 ter in the label is a period, then the label is used as plot
59 title; if it is a comma then the label is appended to each anno‐
60 tation; if it is an equal sign (=) the the prefix is prepended
61 to each annotation (start label/prefix with - to avoid space
62 between annotation and item); else it is the axis label. If the
63 label consists of more than one word, enclose the entire label
64 in double quotes (e.g., :"my label":).
65 By default, all 4 boundaries are plotted (referred to as W, E,
66 S, N). To change the default, append the code for only those
67 axes you want (e.g., WS for standard lower-left x- and y-axis
68 system). Upper case (e.g., W) means draw axis/tickmarks AND
69 annotate it, whereas lower case (e.g., w) will only draw
70 axis/tickmarks. (If a 3-D basemap is selected with -E and -Jz,
71 append Z or z to control the appearance of the vertical axis.
72 Append '+' to draw the outline of the cube defined by -R. Note
73 that for 3-D views the title, if given, will be suppressed.)
74 For non-geographical projections: Give negative scale (in -Jx)
75 or axis length (in -JX) to change the direction of increasing
76 coordinates (i.e., to make the y-axis positive down). For log10
77 axes: Annotations can be specified in one of three ways: (1)
78 stride can be 1, 2, or 3. Annotations will then occur at 1,
79 1-2-5, or 1-2-3-4-...-9, respectively. This option can also be
80 used for the frame and grid intervals. (2) An l is appended to
81 the tickinfo string. Then, log10 of the tick value is plotted
82 at every integer log10 value. (3) A p is appended to the tick‐
83 info string. Then, annotations appear as 10 raised to log10 of
84 the tick value. For power axes: Annotations can be specified in
85 one of two ways: (1) stride sets the regular annotation inter‐
86 val. (2) A p is appended to the tickinfo string. Then, the
87 annotation interval is expected to be in transformed units, but
88 the annotation value will be plotted as untransformed units.
89 E.g., if stride = 1 and power = 0.5 (i.e., sqrt), then equidis‐
90 tant annotations labeled 1-4-9... will appear.
91 These GMT parameters can affect the appearance of the map bound‐
92 ary: ANNOT_MIN_ANGLE, ANNOT_MIN_SPACING, ANNOT_FONT_PRIMARY,
93 ANNOT_FONT_SECONDARY, ANNOT_FONT_SIZE_PRIMARY,
94 ANNOT_FONT_SIZE_SECONDARY, ANNOT_OFFSET_PRIMARY, ANNOT_OFF‐
95 SET_SECONDARY, BASEMAP_AXES, BASEMAP_FRAME_RGB, BASEMAP_TYPE,
96 DEGREE_FORMAT, FRAME_PEN, FRAME_WIDTH, GRID_CROSS_SIZE_PRIMARY,
97 GRID_PEN_PRIMARY, GRID_CROSS_SIZE_SECONDARY, GRID_PEN_SECONDARY,
98 HEADER_FONT, HEADER_FONT_SIZE, LABEL_FONT, LABEL_FONT_SIZE,
99 LINE_STEP, OBLIQUE_ANNOTATION, PLOT_CLOCK_FORMAT, PLOT_DATE_FOR‐
100 MAT, TIME_FORMAT_PRIMARY, TIME_FORMAT_SECONDARY, TIME_LANGUAGE,
101 TIME_WEEK_START, TICK_LENGTH, TICK_PEN, and Y_AXIS_TYPE; see the
102 gmtdefaults man page for details.
103 -J Selects the map projection. The following character determines
105 the projection. If the character is upper case then the argu‐
106 ment(s) supplied as scale(s) is interpreted to be the map width
107 (or axis lengths), else the scale argument(s) is the map scale
108 (see its definition for each projection). UNIT is cm, inch, or
109 m, depending on the MEASURE_UNIT setting in .gmtdefaults4, but
110 this can be overridden on the command line by appending c, i, or
111 m to the scale or width values. Append h, +, or - to the given
112 width if you instead want to set map height, the maximum dimen‐
113 sion, or the minimum dimension, respectively [Default is w for
114 width].
115 In case the central meridian is an optional parameter and it is
116 being omitted, then the center of the longitude range given by
117 the -R option is used. The default standard parallel is the
118 equator.
119 The ellipsoid used in the map projections is user-definable by
120 editing the .gmtdefaults4 file in your home directory. 63 com‐
121 monly used ellipsoids and a spheroid are currently supported,
122 and users may also specify their own ellipsoid parameters
123 [Default is WGS-84]. Several GMT parameters can affect the pro‐
124 jection: ELLIPSOID, INTERPOLANT, MAP_SCALE_FACTOR, and MEA‐
125 SURE_UNIT; see the gmtdefaults man page for details.
126 Choose one of the following projections (The E or C after pro‐
127 jection names stands for Equal-Area and Conformal, respec‐
128 tively):
129 CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:
131 -Jclon0/lat0/scale or -JClon0/lat0/width (Cassini).
133 Give projection center lon0/lat0 and scale (1:xxxx or
134 UNIT/degree).
135 -Jcyl_stere/[lon0/[lat0/]]scale or
137 -JCyl_stere/[lon0/[lat0/]]width (Cylindrical Stereographic).
138 Give central meridian lon0 (optional), standard parallel
139 lat0 (optional), and scale along parallel (1:xxxx or
140 UNIT/degree). The standard parallel is typically one of
141 these (but can be any value):
142 66.159467 - Miller's modified Gall
143 55 - Kamenetskiy's First
144 45 - Gall's Stereographic
145 30 - Bolshoi Sovietskii Atlas Mira or Kamenet‐
146 skiy's Second
147 0 - Braun's Cylindrical
148 -Jj[lon0/]scale or -JJ[lon0/]width (Miller Cylindrical Projec‐
150 tion).
151 Give the central meridian lon0 (optional) and scale
152 (1:xxxx or UNIT/degree).
153 -Jm[lon0/[lat0/]]scale or -JM[lon0/[lat0/]]width
155 Give central meridian lon0 (optional), standard parallel
156 lat0 (optional), and scale along parallel (1:xxxx or
157 UNIT/degree).
158 -Joparameters (Oblique Mercator [C]).
160 Specify one of:
161 -Jo[a]lon0/lat0/azimuth/scale or
163 -JO[a]lon0/lat0/azimuth/width
164 Set projection center lon0/lat0, azimuth of
165 oblique equator, and scale.
166 -Jo[b]lon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale or
168 -JO[b]lon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale
169 Set projection center lon0/lat0, another point on
170 the oblique equator lon1/lat1, and scale.
171 -Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale or
173 -JOclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale
174 Set projection center lon0/lat0, pole of oblique
175 projection lonp/latp, and scale.
176 Give scale along oblique equator (1:xxxx or UNIT/degree).
178 -Jq[lon0/[lat0/]]scale or -JQ[lon0/[lat0/]]width (Cylindrical
180 Equidistant).
181 Give the central meridian lon0 (optional), standard par‐
182 allel lat0 (optional), and scale (1:xxxx or UNIT/degree).
183 The standard parallel is typically one of these (but can
184 be any value):
185 61.7 - Grafarend and Niermann, minimum linear dis‐
186 tortion
187 50.5 - Ronald Miller Equirectangular
188 43.5 - Ronald Miller, minimum continental distor‐
189 tion
190 42 - Grafarend and Niermann
191 37.5 - Ronald Miller, minimum overall distortion
192 0 - Plate Carree, Simple Cylindrical, Plain/Plane
193 Chart
194 -Jtlon0/[lat0/]scale or -JTlon0/[lat0/]width
196 Give the central meridian lon0, central parallel lat0
197 (optional), and scale (1:xxxx or UNIT/degree).
198 -Juzone/scale or -JUzone/width (UTM - Universal Transverse Mer‐
200 cator [C]).
201 Give the UTM zone (A,B,1-60[C-X],Y,Z)) and scale (1:xxxx
202 or UNIT/degree).
203 Zones: If C-X not given, prepend - or + to enforce south‐
204 ern or northern hemisphere conventions [northern if south
205 > 0].
206 -Jylon0/lat0/scale or -JYlon0/lat0/width (Cylindrical Equal-Area
208 [E]).
209 Give the central meridian lon0, standard parallel lat0,
210 and scale (1:xxxx or UNIT/degree). The standard parallel
211 is typically one of these (but can be any value):
212 50 - Balthasart
213 45 - Gall-Peters
214 37.0666 - Caster
215 37.4 - Trystan Edwards
216 37.5 - Hobo-Dyer
217 30 - Behrman
218 0 - Lambert
219 CONIC PROJECTIONS:
221 -Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale or -JBlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/width
223 (Albers [E]).
224 Give projection center lon0/lat0, two standard parallels
225 lat1/lat2, and scale (1:xxxx or UNIT/degree).
226 -Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale or -JDlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/width
228 (Conic Equidistant)
229 Give projection center lon0/lat0, two standard parallels
230 lat1/lat2, and scale (1:xxxx or UNIT/degree).
231 -Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale or -JLlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/width
233 (Lambert [C])
234 Give origin lon0/lat0, two standard parallels lat1/lat2,
235 and scale along these (1:xxxx or UNIT/degree).
236 AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:
238 Except for polar aspects, -Rw/e/s/n will be reset to -Rg. Use
240 -R<...>r for smaller regions.
241 -Jalon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale or -JAlon0/lat0[/horizon]/width
243 (Lambert [E]).
244 lon0/lat0 specifies the projection center. horizon spec‐
245 ifies the max distance from projection center (in
246 degrees, <= 180, default 90). Give scale as 1:xxxx or
247 radius/lat, where radius is distance in UNIT from origin
248 to the oblique latitude lat.
249 -Jelon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale or -JElon0/lat0[/horizon]/width
251 (Azimuthal Equidistant).
252 lon0/lat0 specifies the projection center. horizon spec‐
253 ifies the max distance from projection center (in
254 degrees, <= 180, default 180). Give scale as 1:xxxx or
255 radius/lat, where radius is distance in UNIT from origin
256 to the oblique latitude lat.
257 -Jflon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale or -JFlon0/lat0[/horizon]/width
259 (Gnomonic).
260 lon0/lat0 specifies the projection center. horizon spec‐
261 ifies the max distance from projection center (in
262 degrees, < 90, default 60). Give scale as 1:xxxx or
263 radius/lat, where radius is distance in UNIT from origin
264 to the oblique latitude lat.
265 -Jglon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale or -JGlon0/lat0[/horizon]/width
267 (Orthographic).
268 lon0/lat0 specifies the projection center. horizon spec‐
269 ifies the max distance from projection center (in
270 degrees, <= 90, default 90). Give scale as 1:xxxx or
271 radius/lat, where radius is distance in UNIT from origin
272 to the oblique latitude lat.
273 -Jglon0/lat0/altitude/azimuth/tilt/twist/Width/Height/scale or
275 -JGlon0/lat0/altitude/azimuth/tilt/twist/Width/Height/width
276 (General Perspective).
277 lon0/lat0 specifies the projection center. altitude is
278 the height (in km) of the viewpoint above local sea
279 level. If altitude is less than 10, then it is the dis‐
280 tance from the center of the earth to the viewpoint in
281 earth radii. If altitude has a suffix r then it is the
282 radius from the center of the earth in kilometers.
283 azimuth is measured to the east of north of view. tilt
284 is the upward tilt of the plane of projection. If tilt is
285 negative, then the viewpoint is centered on the horizon.
286 Further, specify the clockwise twist, Width, and Height
287 of the viewpoint in degrees. Give scale as 1:xxxx or
288 radius/lat, where radius is distance in UNIT from origin
289 to the oblique latitude lat.
290 -Jslon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale or -JSlon0/lat0[/horizon]/width
292 (General Stereographic [C]).
293 lon0/lat0 specifies the projection center. horizon spec‐
294 ifies the max distance from projection center (in
295 degrees, < 180, default 90). Give scale as 1:xxxx (true
296 at pole) or lat0/1:xxxx (true at standard parallel lat0)
297 or radius/lat (radius in UNIT from origin to the oblique
298 latitude lat).
299 MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:
301 -Jh[lon0/]scale or -JH[lon0/]width (Hammer [E]).
303 Give the central meridian lon0 (optional) and scale along
304 equator (1:xxxx or UNIT/degree).
305 -Ji[lon0/]scale or -JI[lon0/]width (Sinusoidal [E]).
307 Give the central meridian lon0 (optional) and scale along
308 equator (1:xxxx or UNIT/degree).
309 -Jkf[lon0/]scale or -JKf[lon0/]width (Eckert IV) [E]).
311 Give the central meridian lon0 (optional) and scale along
312 equator (1:xxxx or UNIT/degree).
313 -Jk[s][lon0/]scale or -JK[s][lon0/]width (Eckert VI) [E]).
315 Give the central meridian lon0 (optional) and scale along
316 equator (1:xxxx or UNIT/degree).
317 -Jn[lon0/]scale or -JN[lon0/]width (Robinson).
319 Give the central meridian lon0 (optional) and scale along
320 equator (1:xxxx or UNIT/degree).
321 -Jr[lon0/]scale -JR[lon0/]width (Winkel Tripel).
323 Give the central meridian lon0 (optional) and scale along
324 equator (1:xxxx or UNIT/degree).
325 -Jv[lon0/]scale or -JV[lon0/]width (Van der Grinten).
327 Give the central meridian lon0 (optional) and scale along
328 equator (1:xxxx or UNIT/degree).
329 -Jw[lon0/]scale or -JW[lon0/]width (Mollweide [E]).
331 Give the central meridian lon0 (optional) and scale along
332 equator (1:xxxx or UNIT/degree).
333 NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:
335 -Jp[a]scale[/origin][r|z] or -JP[a]width[/origin][r|z] (Polar
337 coordinates (theta,r))
338 Optionally insert a after -Jp [ or -JP] for azimuths CW
339 from North instead of directions CCW from East [Default].
340 Optionally append /origin in degrees to indicate an angu‐
341 lar offset [0]). Finally, append r if r is elevations in
342 degrees (requires s >= 0 and n <= 90) or z if you want to
343 annotate depth rather than radius [Default]. Give scale
344 in UNIT/r-unit.
345 -Jxx-scale[/y-scale] or -JXwidth[/height] (Linear, log, and
347 power scaling)
348 Give x-scale (1:xxxx or UNIT/x-unit) and/or y-scale
349 (1:xxxx or UNIT/y-unit); or specify width and/or height
350 in UNIT. y-scale=x-scale if not specified separately and
351 using 1:xxxx implies that x-unit and y-unit are in
352 meters. Use negative scale(s) to reverse the direction
353 of an axis (e.g., to have y be positive down). Option‐
354 ally, append to x-scale, y-scale, width or height one of
355 the following:
356 d Data are geographical coordinates (in degrees).
358 l Take log10 of values before scaling.
360 ppower Raise values to power before scaling.
362 t Input coordinates are time relative to TIME_EPOCH.
364 T Input coordinates are absolute time.
366 Default axis lengths (see gmtdefaults) can be invoked
368 using -JXh (for landscape); -JXv (for portrait) will swap
369 the x- and y-axis lengths. The default unit for this
370 installation is either cm or inch, as defined in the file
371 share/gmt.conf. However, you may change this by editing
372 your .gmtdefaults4 file(s).
373 -R xmin, xmax, ymin, and ymax specify the Region of interest. For
375 geographic regions, these limits correspond to west, east,
376 south, and north and you may specify them in decimal degrees or
377 in [+-]dd:mm[:ss.xxx][W|E|S|N] format. Append r if lower left
378 and upper right map coordinates are given instead of w/e/s/n.
379 The two shorthands -Rg and -Rd stand for global domain (0/360
380 and -180/+180 in longitude respectively, with -90/+90 in lati‐
381 tude). For calendar time coordinates you may either give (a)
382 relative time (relative to the selected TIME_EPOCH and in the
383 selected TIME_UNIT; append t to -JX|x), or (b) absolute time of
384 the form [date]T[clock] (append T to -JX|x). At least one of
385 date and clock must be present; the T is always required. The
386 date string must be of the form [-]yyyy[-mm[-dd]] (Gregorian
387 calendar) or yyyy[-Www[-d]] (ISO week calendar), while the clock
388 string must be of the form hh:mm:ss[.xxx]. The use of delim‐
389 iters and their type and positions must be exactly as indicated
390 (however, input, output and plot formats are customizable; see
391 gmtdefaults).
392
394 No space between the option flag and the associated arguments.
395 -E Sets the viewpoint's azimuth and elevation (for perspective
397 view) [180/90].
398 -G Select fill shade, color or pattern for the inside of the
400 basemap [Default is no fill color]. (See SPECIFYING FILL
401 below).
402 -Jz Sets the vertical scaling (for 3-D maps). Same syntax as -Jx.
404 -K More PostScript code will be appended later [Default terminates
406 the plot system].
407 -L Draws a simple map scale centered on lon0/lat0. Use -Lx to
409 specify x/y position instead. Scale is calculated at latitude
410 slat (optionally supply longitude slon for oblique projections
411 [Default is central meridian]), length is in km [miles if m is
412 appended; nautical miles if n is appended]. Use -Lf to get a
413 "fancy" scale [Default is plain]. The default label equals the
414 distance unit (km, miles, nautical miles) and is justified on
415 top of the scale [t]. Change this by giving your own label (or
416 - to keep the default) and justification (l(eft), r(ight),
417 t(op), b(ottom), and u(unit) - using the label as a unit
418 appended to all distance annotations along the scale). If you
419 want to place a rectangle behind the scale, specify pen and/or
420 fill parameters with the +p and +f modifiers. (See SPECIFYING
421 PENS and SPECIFYING FILL below).
422 -O Selects Overlay plot mode [Default initializes a new plot sys‐
424 tem].
425 -P Selects Portrait plotting mode [Default is Landscape, see gmtde‐
427 faults to change this].
428 -T Draws a simple map directional rose centered on lon0/lat0. Use
430 -Tx to specify x/y position instead. The size is the diameter
431 of the rose, and optional label information can be specified to
432 override the default values of W, E, S, and N (Give :: to sup‐
433 press all labels). The default [plain] map rose only labels
434 north. Use -Tf to get a "fancy" rose, and specify what kind of
435 rose you want drawn. The default [1] draws the two principal E-
436 W, N-S orientations, 2 adds the two intermediate NW-SE and NE-SW
437 orientations, while 3 adds the eight minor orientations WNW-ESE,
438 NNW-SSE, NNE-SSW, and ENE-WSW. For a magnetic compass rose,
439 specify -Tm. If given, info must be the two parameters dec/dla‐
440 bel, where dec is the magnetic declination and dlabel is a label
441 for the magnetic compass needle (specify '-' to format a label
442 from dec). Then, both directions to geographic and magnetic
443 north are plotted [Default is geographic only]. If the north
444 label = * then a north star is plotted instead of the north
445 label. Annotation and two levels of tick intervals for geo‐
446 graphic and magnetic directions are 10/5/1 and 30/5/1 degrees,
447 respectively; override these settings by appending
448 +gints[/mints]. Color and pen attributes are taken from
449 COLOR_BACKGROUND and TICK_PEN, respectively, while label fonts
450 and sizes follow the usual annotation, label, and header font
451 settings.
452 -U Draw Unix System time stamp on plot. By adding just/dx/dy/, the
454 user may specify the justification of the stamp and where the
455 stamp should fall on the page relative to lower left corner of
456 the plot. For example, BL/0/0 will align the lower left corner
457 of the time stamp with the lower left corner of the plot.
458 Optionally, append a label, or c (which will plot the command
459 string.). The GMT parameters UNIX_TIME, UNIX_TIME_POS, and
460 UNIX_TIME_FORMAT can affect the appearance; see the gmtdefaults
461 man page for details. The time string will be in the locale set
462 by the environment variable TZ (generally local time).
463 -V Selects verbose mode, which will send progress reports to stderr
465 [Default runs "silently"].
466 -X -Y Shift plot origin relative to the current origin by (x-shift,y-
468 shift) and optionally append the length unit (c, i, m, p). You
469 can prepend a to shift the origin back to the original position
470 after plotting, or prepend r [Default] to reset the current
471 origin to the new location. If -O is used then the default (x-
472 shift,y-shift) is (0,0), otherwise it is (r1i, r1i) or (r2.5c,
473 r2.5c). Alternatively, give c to align the center coordinate (x
474 or y) of the plot with the center of the page based on current
475 page size.
476 -Z For 3-D projections: Sets the z-level of the basemap [0].
478 -c Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1].
480 SPECIFYING PENS
482 pen The attributes of lines and symbol outlines as defined by pen is
483 a comma delimetered list of width, color and texture, each of
484 which is optional. width can be indicated as a measure (points,
485 centimeters, inches) or as faint, thin[ner|nest], thick[er|est],
486 fat[ter|test], or obese. color specifies a grey shade or color
487 (see SPECIFYING COLOR below). texture is a combination of
488 dashes `-' and dots `.'.
489 SPECIFYING FILL
491 fill The attribute fill specifies the solid shade or solid color (see
492 SPECIFYING COLOR below) or the pattern used for filling poly‐
493 gons. Patterns are specified as pdpi/pattern, where pattern
494 gives the number of the built-in pattern (1-90) or the name of a
495 Sun 1-, 8-, or 24-bit raster file. The dpi sets the resolution
496 of the image. For 1-bit rasters: use Pdpi/pattern for inverse
497 video, or append :Fcolor[B[color]] to specify fore- and back‐
498 ground colors (use color = - for transparency). See GMT Cook‐
499 book & Technical Reference Appendix E for information on indi‐
500 vidual patterns.
501 SPECIFYING COLOR
503 color The color of lines, areas and patterns can be specified by a
504 valid color name; by a grey shade (in the range 0-255); by a
505 decimal color code (r/g/b, each in range 0-255; h-s-v, ranges
506 0-360, 0-1, 0-1; or c/m/y/k, each in range 0-1); or by a hexa‐
507 decimal color code (#rrggbb, as used in HTML). See the gmtcol‐
508 ors manpage for more information and a full list of color names.
509
511 The following section illustrates the use of the options by giving some
512 examples for the available map projections. Note how scales may be
513 given in several different ways depending on the projection. Also note
514 the use of upper case letters to specify map width instead of map
515 scale.
516
518 Linear x-y plot
519 To make a linear x/y frame with all axes, but with only left and bottom
520 axes annotated, using xscale = yscale = 1.0, ticking every 1 unit and
521 annotating every 2, and using xlabel = "Distance" and ylabel = "No of
522 samples", use
523 psbasemap -R0/9/0/5 -Jx1 -Bf1a2:Distance:/:"No of samples":WeSn > lin‐
525 ear.ps
526 Log-log plot
528 To make a log-log frame with only the left and bottom axes, where the
529 x-axis is 25 cm and annotated every 1-2-5 and the y-axis is 15 cm and
530 annotated every power of 10 but has tickmarks every 0.1, run
531 psbasemap -R1/10000/1e20/1e25 -JX25cl/15cl -B2:Wave‐
533 length:/a1pf3:Power:WS > loglog.ps
534 Power axes
536 To design an axis system to be used for a depth-sqrt(age) plot with
537 depth positive down, ticked and annotated every 500m, and ages anno‐
538 tated at 1 my, 4 my, 9 my etc, use
539 psbasemap -R0/100/0/5000 -Jx1p0.5/-0.001 -B1p:"Crustal age":/500:Depth:
541 > power.ps
542 Polar (theta,r) plot
544 For a base map for use with polar coordinates, where the radius from 0
545 to 1000 should correspond to 3 inch and with gridlines and ticks every
546 30 degrees and 100 units, use
547 psbasemap -R0/360/0/1000 -JP6i -B30p/100 > polar.ps
549
551 Cassini
552 A 10-cm-wide basemap using the Cassini projection may be obtained by
553 psbasemap -R20/50/20/35 -JC35/28/10c -P -B5g5:.Cassini: > cassini.ps
555 Mercator [conformal]
557 A Mercator map with scale 0.025 inch/degree along equator, and showing
558 the length of 5000 km along the equator (centered on 1/1 inch), may be
559 plotted as
560 psbasemap -R90/180/-50/50 -Jm0.025i -B30g30:.Mercator: -Lx1i/1i/0/5000
562 > mercator.ps
563 Miller
565 A global Miller cylindrical map with scale 1:200,000,000 may be plotted
566 as
567 psbasemap -Rg -Jj180/1:200000000 -B30g30:.Miller: > miller.ps
569 Oblique Mercator [conformal]
571 To create a page-size global oblique Mercator basemap for a pole at
572 (90,30) with gridlines every 30 degrees, run
573 psbasemap -R0/360/-70/70 -Joc0/0/90/30/0.064cd -B30g30:."Oblique Mer‐
575 cator": > oblmerc.ps
576 Transverse Mercator [conformal]
578 A regular Transverse Mercator basemap for some region may look like
579 psbasemap -R69:30/71:45/-17/-15:15 -Jt70/1:1000000 -B15m:."Survey
581 area": -P > transmerc.ps
582 Equidistant Cylindrical Projection
584 This projection only needs the central meridian and scale. A 25 cm
585 wide global basemap centered on the 130E meridian is made by
586 psbasemap -R-50/310/-90/90 -JQ130/25c -B30g30:."Equidistant Cylindri‐
588 cal": > cyl_eqdist.ps
589 Universal Transverse Mercator [conformal]
591 To use this projection you must know the UTM zone number, which defines
592 the central meridian. A UTM basemap for Indo-China can be plotted as
593 psbasemap -R95/5/108/20r -Ju46/1:10000000 -B3g3:.UTM: > utm.ps
595 Cylindrical Equal-Area
597 First select which of the cylindrical equal-area projections you want
598 by deciding on the standard parallel. Here we will use 45 degrees
599 which gives the Gall-Peters projection. A 9 inch wide global basemap
600 centered on the Pacific is made by
601 psbasemap -Rg -JY180/45/9i -B30g30:.Gall-Peters: > gall-peters.ps
603
605 Albers [equal-area]
606 A basemap for middle Europe may be created by
607 psbasemap -R0/90/25/55 -Jb45/20/32/45/0.25c -B10g10:."Albers Equal-
609 area": > albers.ps
610 Lambert [conformal]
612 Another basemap for middle Europe may be created by
613 psbasemap -R0/90/25/55 -Jl45/20/32/45/0.1i -B10g10:."Lambert Conformal
615 Conic": > lambertc.ps
616 Equidistant
618 Yet another basemap of width 6 inch for middle Europe may be created by
619 psbasemap -R0/90/25/55 -JD45/20/32/45/6i -B10g10:."Equidistant conic":
621 > econic.ps
622
624 Lambert [equal-area]
625 A 15-cm-wide global view of the world from the vantage point -80/-30
626 will give the following basemap:
627 psbasemap -Rg -JA-80/-30/15c -B30g30/15g15:."Lambert Azimuthal": > lam‐
629 berta.ps
630 Follow the instructions for stereographic projection if you want to
632 impose rectangular boundaries on the azimuthal equal-area map but sub‐
633 stitute -Ja for -Js.
634 Equidistant
636 A 15-cm-wide global map in which distances from the center (here
637 125/10) to any point is true can be obtained by:
638 psbasemap -Rg -JE125/10/15c -B30g30/15g15:."Equidistant": > equi.ps
640 Gnomonic
642 A view of the world from the vantage point -100/40 out to a horizon of
643 60 degrees from the center can be made using the Gnomonic projection:
644 psbasemap -Rg -JF-100/40/60/6i -B30g30/15g15:."Gnomonic": > gnomonic.ps
646 Orthographic
648 A global perspective (from infinite distance) view of the world from
649 the vantage point 125/10 will give the following 6-inch-wide basemap:
650 psbasemap -Rg -JG125/10/6i -B30g30/15g15:."Orthographic": > ortho.ps
652 General Perspective
654 The -JG option can be used in a more generalized form, specifying alti‐
655 tude above the surface, width and height of the view point, and twist
656 and tilt. A view from 160 km above -74/41.5 with a tilt of 55 and
657 azimuth of 210 degrees, and limitting the viewpoint to 30 degrees width
658 and height will product a 6-inch-wide basemap:
659 psbasemap -Rg -JG-74/41.5/160/210/55/30/30/6i -B5g1/5g1:."General Per‐
661 spective": > genper.ps
662 Stereographic [conformal]
664 To make a polar stereographic projection basemap with radius = 12 cm to
665 -60 degree latitude, with plot title "Salinity measurements", using 5
666 degrees annotation/tick interval and 1 degree gridlines, run
667 psbasemap -R-45/45/-90/-60 -Js0/-90/12c/-60 -B5g5:."Salinity measure‐
669 ments": > stereo1.ps
670 To make a 12-cm-wide stereographic basemap for Australia from an arbi‐
672 trary view point (not the poles), and use a rectangular boundary, we
673 must give the pole for the new projection and use the -R option to
674 indicate the lower left and upper right corners (in lon/lat) that will
675 define our rectangle. We choose a pole at 130/-30 and use 100/-45 and
676 160/-5 as our corners. The command becomes
677 psbasemap -R100/-45/160/-5r -JS130/-30/12c -B30g30/15g15:."General
679 Stereographic View": > stereo2.ps
680
682 Hammer [equal-area]
683 The Hammer projection is mostly used for global maps and thus the
684 spherical form is used. To get a world map centered on Greenwich at a
685 scale of 1:200000000, use
686 psbasemap -Rg -Jh180/1:200000000 -B30g30/15g15:.Hammer: > hammer.ps
688 Sinusoidal [equal-area]
690 To make a sinusiodal world map centered on Greenwich, with a scale
691 along the equator of 0.02 inch/degree, use
692 psbasemap -Rd -Ji0/0.02i -B30g30/15g15:."Sinusoidal": > sinus1.ps
694 To make an interrupted sinusiodal world map with breaks at 160W, 20W,
696 and 60E, with a scale along the equator of 0.02 inch/degree, run the
697 following sequence of commands:
698 psbasemap -R-160/-20/-90/90 -Ji-90/0.02i -B30g30/15g15Wesn -K >
700 sinus_i.ps
701 psbasemap -R-20/60/-90/90 -Ji20/0.02i -B30g30/15g15wesn -O -K -X2.8i >>
702 sinus_i.ps
703 psbasemap -R60/200/-90/90 -Ji130/0.02i -B30g30/15g15wEsn -O -X1.6i >>
704 sinus_i.ps
705 Eckert IV [equal-area]
707 Pseudo-cylindrical projection typically used for global maps only. Set
708 the central longitude and scale, e.g.,
709 psbasemap -Rg -Jkf180/0.064c -B30g30/15g15:."Eckert IV": > eckert4.ps
711 Eckert VI [equal-area]
713 Another pseudo-cylindrical projection typically used for global maps
714 only. Set the central longitude and scale, e.g.,
715 psbasemap -Rg -Jks180/0.064c -B30g30/15g15:."Eckert VI": > eckert6.ps
717 Robinson
719 Projection designed to make global maps "look right". Set the central
720 longitude and width, e.g.,
721 psbasemap -Rd -JN0/8i -B30g30/15g15:."Robinson": > robinson.ps
723 Winkel Tripel
725 Yet another projection typically used for global maps only. You can
726 set the central longitude, e.g.,
727 psbasemap -R90/450/-90/90 -JR270/25c -B30g30/15g15:."Winkel Tripel": >
729 winkel.ps
730 Mollweide [equal-area]
732 The Mollweide projection is also mostly used for global maps and thus
733 the spherical form is used. To get a 25-cm-wide world map centered on
734 the Dateline:
735 psbasemap -Rg -JW180/25c -B30g30/15g15:.Mollweide: > mollweide.ps
737 Van der Grinten
739 The Van der Grinten projection is also mostly used for global maps and
740 thus the spherical form is used. To get a 7-inch-wide world map cen‐
741 tered on the Dateline:
742 psbasemap -Rg -JV180/7i -B30g30/15g15:."Van der Grinten": > grinten.ps
744
746 For some projections, a spherical earth is implicitly assumed. A warn‐
747 ing will notify the user if -V is set. Also note that plot titles are
748 not plotted if -E is given.
749
751 The -B option is somewhat complicated to explain and comprehend. How‐
752 ever, it is fairly simple for most applications (see examples).
753
755 gmtdefaults(1), GMT(1)
756GMT 4.3.1 15 May 2008 PSBASEMAP(1)