1I18N::LangTags::List(3pmP)erl Programmers Reference GuidIe18N::LangTags::List(3pm)
2
6 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
7
9 use I18N::LangTags::List;
10 print "Parlez-vous... ", join(', ',
11 I18N::LangTags::List::name('elx') ⎪⎪ 'unknown_language',
12 I18N::LangTags::List::name('ar-Kw') ⎪⎪ 'unknown_language',
13 I18N::LangTags::List::name('en') ⎪⎪ 'unknown_language',
14 I18N::LangTags::List::name('en-CA') ⎪⎪ 'unknown_language',
15 ), "?\n";
16 prints:
18 Parlez-vous... Elamite, Kuwait Arabic, English, Canadian English?
20
22 This module provides a function "I18N::LangTags::List::name( langtag )
23 " that takes a language tag (see I18N::LangTags) and returns the best
24 attempt at an English name for it, or undef if it can't make sense of
25 the tag.
26 The function I18N::LangTags::List::name(...) is not exported.
28 This module also provides a function "I18N::LangTags::List::is_decent(
30 langtag )" that returns true iff the language tag is syntactically
31 valid and is for general use (like "fr" or "fr-ca", below). That is,
32 it returns false for tags that are syntactically invalid and for tags,
33 like "aus", that are listed in brackets below. This function is not
34 exported.
35 The map of tags-to-names that it uses is accessable as %I18N::Lang‐
37 Tags::List::Name, and it's the same as the list that follows in this
38 documentation, which should be useful to you even if you don't use this
39 module.
40
42 Internet language tags, as defined in RFC 3066, are a formalism for
43 denoting human languages. The two-letter ISO 639-1 language codes are
44 well known (as "en" for English), as are their forms when qualified by
45 a country code ("en-US"). Less well-known are the arbitrary-length
46 non-ISO codes (like "i-mingo"), and the recently (in 2001) introduced
47 three-letter ISO-639-2 codes.
48 Remember these important facts:
50 · Language tags are not locale IDs. A locale ID is written with a
52 "_" instead of a "-", (almost?) always matches "m/^\w\w_\w\w\b/",
53 and means something different than a language tag. A language tag
54 denotes a language. A locale ID denotes a language as used in a
55 particular place, in combination with non-linguistic location-spe‐
56 cific information such as what currency is used there. Locales
57 also often denote character set information, as in
58 "en_US.ISO8859-1".
59 · Language tags are not for computer languages.
61 · "Dialect" is not a useful term, since there is no objective crite‐
63 rion for establishing when two language-forms are dialects of
64 eachother, or are separate languages.
65 · Language tags are not case-sensitive. en-US, en-us, En-Us, etc.,
67 are all the same tag, and denote the same language.
68 · Not every language tag really refers to a single language. Some
70 language tags refer to conditions: i-default (system-message text
71 in English plus maybe other languages), und (undetermined lan‐
72 guage). Others (notably lots of the three-letter codes) are bibli‐
73 ographic tags that classify whole groups of languages, as with cus
74 "Cushitic (Other)" (i.e., a language that has been classed as
75 Cushtic, but which has no more specific code) or the even less lin‐
76 guistically coherent sai for "South American Indian (Other)".
77 Though useful in bibliography, SUCH TAGS ARE NOT FOR GENERAL USE.
78 For further guidance, email me.
79 · Language tags are not country codes. In fact, they are often dis‐
81 tinct codes, as with language tag ja for Japanese, and ISO 3166
82 country code ".jp" for Japan.
83
85 The first part of each item is the language tag, between {...}. It is
86 followed by an English name for the language or language-group. Lan‐
87 guage tags that I judge to be not for general use, are bracketed.
88 This list is in alphabetical order by English name of the language.
90 {ab} : Abkhazian
92 eq Abkhaz
93 {ace} : Achinese
95 {ach} : Acoli
96 {ada} : Adangme
97 {ady} : Adyghe
98 eq Adygei
99 {aa} : Afar
101 {afh} : Afrihili
102 (Artificial)
103 {af} : Afrikaans
105 [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)]
106 {ak} : Akan
107 (Formerly "aka".)
108 {akk} : Akkadian
110 (Historical)
111 {sq} : Albanian
113 {ale} : Aleut
114 [{alg} : Algonquian languages]
115 NOT Algonquin!
116 [{tut} : Altaic (Other)]
118 {am} : Amharic
119 NOT Aramaic!
120 {i-ami} : Ami
122 eq Amis. eq 'Amis. eq Pangca.
123 [{apa} : Apache languages]
125 {ar} : Arabic
126 Many forms are mutually un-intelligible in spoken media. Notable
127 forms: {ar-ae} UAE Arabic; {ar-bh} Bahrain Arabic; {ar-dz} Algerian
128 Arabic; {ar-eg} Egyptian Arabic; {ar-iq} Iraqi Arabic; {ar-jo} Jor‐
129 danian Arabic; {ar-kw} Kuwait Arabic; {ar-lb} Lebanese Arabic;
130 {ar-ly} Libyan Arabic; {ar-ma} Moroccan Arabic; {ar-om} Omani Ara‐
131 bic; {ar-qa} Qatari Arabic; {ar-sa} Sauda Arabic; {ar-sy} Syrian
132 Arabic; {ar-tn} Tunisian Arabic; {ar-ye} Yemen Arabic.
133 {arc} : Aramaic
135 NOT Amharic! NOT Samaritan Aramaic!
136 {arp} : Arapaho
138 {arn} : Araucanian
139 {arw} : Arawak
140 {hy} : Armenian
141 {an} : Aragonese
142 [{art} : Artificial (Other)]
143 {ast} : Asturian
144 eq Bable.
145 {as} : Assamese
147 [{ath} : Athapascan languages]
148 eq Athabaskan. eq Athapaskan. eq Athabascan.
149 [{aus} : Australian languages]
151 [{map} : Austronesian (Other)]
152 {av} : Avaric
153 (Formerly "ava".)
154 {ae} : Avestan
156 eq Zend
157 {awa} : Awadhi
159 {ay} : Aymara
160 {az} : Azerbaijani
161 eq Azeri
162 Notable forms: {az-Arab} Azerbaijani in Arabic script; {az-Cyrl}
164 Azerbaijani in Cyrillic script; {az-Latn} Azerbaijani in Latin
165 script.
166 {ban} : Balinese
168 [{bat} : Baltic (Other)]
169 {bal} : Baluchi
170 {bm} : Bambara
171 (Formerly "bam".)
172 [{bai} : Bamileke languages]
174 {bad} : Banda
175 [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)]
176 {bas} : Basa
177 {ba} : Bashkir
178 {eu} : Basque
179 {btk} : Batak (Indonesia)
180 {bej} : Beja
181 {be} : Belarusian
182 eq Belarussian. eq Byelarussian. eq Belorussian. eq Byelorus‐
183 sian. eq White Russian. eq White Ruthenian. NOT Ruthenian!
184 {bem} : Bemba
186 {bn} : Bengali
187 eq Bangla.
188 [{ber} : Berber (Other)]
190 {bho} : Bhojpuri
191 {bh} : Bihari
192 {bik} : Bikol
193 {bin} : Bini
194 {bi} : Bislama
195 eq Bichelamar.
196 {bs} : Bosnian
198 {bra} : Braj
199 {br} : Breton
200 {bug} : Buginese
201 {bg} : Bulgarian
202 {i-bnn} : Bunun
203 {bua} : Buriat
204 {my} : Burmese
205 {cad} : Caddo
206 {car} : Carib
207 {ca} : Catalan
208 eq Catalan. eq Catalonian.
209 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)]
211 {ceb} : Cebuano
212 [{cel} : Celtic (Other)]
213 Notable forms: {cel-gaulish} Gaulish (Historical)
214 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)]
216 {chg} : Chagatai
217 (Historical?)
218 [{cmc} : Chamic languages]
220 {ch} : Chamorro
221 {ce} : Chechen
222 {chr} : Cherokee
223 eq Tsalagi
224 {chy} : Cheyenne
226 {chb} : Chibcha
227 (Historical) NOT Chibchan (which is a language family).
228 {ny} : Chichewa
230 eq Nyanja. eq Chinyanja.
231 {zh} : Chinese
233 Many forms are mutually un-intelligible in spoken media. Notable
234 forms: {zh-Hans} Chinese, in simplified script; {zh-Hant} Chinese,
235 in traditional script; {zh-tw} Taiwan Chinese; {zh-cn} PRC Chinese;
236 {zh-sg} Singapore Chinese; {zh-mo} Macau Chinese; {zh-hk} Hong Kong
237 Chinese; {zh-guoyu} Mandarin [Putonghua/Guoyu]; {zh-hakka} Hakka
238 [formerly "i-hakka"]; {zh-min} Hokkien; {zh-min-nan} Southern
239 Hokkien; {zh-wuu} Shanghaiese; {zh-xiang} Hunanese; {zh-gan} Gan;
240 {zh-yue} Cantonese.
241 {chn} : Chinook Jargon
243 eq Chinook Wawa.
244 {chp} : Chipewyan
246 {cho} : Choctaw
247 {cu} : Church Slavic
248 eq Old Church Slavonic.
249 {chk} : Chuukese
251 eq Trukese. eq Chuuk. eq Truk. eq Ruk.
252 {cv} : Chuvash
254 {cop} : Coptic
255 {kw} : Cornish
256 {co} : Corsican
257 eq Corse.
258 {cr} : Cree
260 NOT Creek! (Formerly "cre".)
261 {mus} : Creek
263 NOT Cree!
264 [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
266 [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
267 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
268 [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
269 {hr} : Croatian
270 eq Croat.
271 [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)]
273 {cs} : Czech
274 {dak} : Dakota
275 eq Nakota. eq Latoka.
276 {da} : Danish
278 {dar} : Dargwa
279 {day} : Dayak
280 {i-default} : Default (Fallthru) Language
281 Defined in RFC 2277, this is for tagging text (which must include
282 English text, and might/should include text in other appropriate
283 languages) that is emitted in a context where language-negotiation
284 wasn't possible -- in SMTP mail failure messages, for example.
285 {del} : Delaware
287 {din} : Dinka
288 {dv} : Divehi
289 eq Maldivian. (Formerly "div".)
290 {doi} : Dogri
292 NOT Dogrib!
293 {dgr} : Dogrib
295 NOT Dogri!
296 [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)]
298 {dua} : Duala
299 {nl} : Dutch
300 eq Netherlander. Notable forms: {nl-nl} Netherlands Dutch; {nl-be}
301 Belgian Dutch.
302 {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350)
304 (Historical)
305 {dyu} : Dyula
307 {dz} : Dzongkha
308 {efi} : Efik
309 {egy} : Ancient Egyptian
310 (Historical)
311 {eka} : Ekajuk
313 {elx} : Elamite
314 (Historical)
315 {en} : English
317 Notable forms: {en-au} Australian English; {en-bz} Belize English;
318 {en-ca} Canadian English; {en-gb} UK English; {en-ie} Irish Eng‐
319 lish; {en-jm} Jamaican English; {en-nz} New Zealand English;
320 {en-ph} Philippine English; {en-tt} Trinidad English; {en-us} US
321 English; {en-za} South African English; {en-zw} Zimbabwe English.
322 {enm} : Old English (1100-1500)
324 (Historical)
325 {ang} : Old English (ca.450-1100)
327 eq Anglo-Saxon. (Historical)
328 {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial)
330 {myv} : Erzya
331 {eo} : Esperanto
332 (Artificial)
333 {et} : Estonian
335 {ee} : Ewe
336 (Formerly "ewe".)
337 {ewo} : Ewondo
339 {fan} : Fang
340 {fat} : Fanti
341 {fo} : Faroese
342 {fj} : Fijian
343 {fi} : Finnish
344 [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)]
345 eq Finno-Ugric. NOT Ugaritic!
346 {fon} : Fon
348 {fr} : French
349 Notable forms: {fr-fr} France French; {fr-be} Belgian French;
350 {fr-ca} Canadian French; {fr-ch} Swiss French; {fr-lu} Luxembourg
351 French; {fr-mc} Monaco French.
352 {frm} : Middle French (ca.1400-1600)
354 (Historical)
355 {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400)
357 (Historical)
358 {fy} : Frisian
360 {fur} : Friulian
361 {ff} : Fulah
362 (Formerly "ful".)
363 {gaa} : Ga
365 {gd} : Scots Gaelic
366 NOT Scots!
367 {gl} : Gallegan
369 eq Galician
370 {lg} : Ganda
372 (Formerly "lug".)
373 {gay} : Gayo
375 {gba} : Gbaya
376 {gez} : Geez
377 eq Ge'ez
378 {ka} : Georgian
380 {de} : German
381 Notable forms: {de-at} Austrian German; {de-be} Belgian German;
382 {de-ch} Swiss German; {de-de} Germany German; {de-li} Liechtenstein
383 German; {de-lu} Luxembourg German.
384 {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500)
386 (Historical)
387 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050)
389 (Historical)
390 [{gem} : Germanic (Other)]
392 {gil} : Gilbertese
393 {gon} : Gondi
394 {gor} : Gorontalo
395 {got} : Gothic
396 (Historical)
397 {grb} : Grebo
399 {grc} : Ancient Greek
400 (Historical) (Until 15th century or so.)
401 {el} : Modern Greek
403 (Since 15th century or so.)
404 {gn} : Guarani
406 Guarani
407 {gu} : Gujarati
409 {gwi} : Gwich'in
410 eq Gwichin
411 {hai} : Haida
413 {ht} : Haitian
414 eq Haitian Creole
415 {ha} : Hausa
417 {haw} : Hawaiian
418 Hawai'ian
419 {he} : Hebrew
421 (Formerly "iw".)
422 {hz} : Herero
424 {hil} : Hiligaynon
425 {him} : Himachali
426 {hi} : Hindi
427 {ho} : Hiri Motu
428 {hit} : Hittite
429 (Historical)
430 {hmn} : Hmong
432 {hu} : Hungarian
433 {hup} : Hupa
434 {iba} : Iban
435 {is} : Icelandic
436 {io} : Ido
437 (Artificial)
438 {ig} : Igbo
440 (Formerly "ibo".)
441 {ijo} : Ijo
443 {ilo} : Iloko
444 [{inc} : Indic (Other)]
445 [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)]
446 {id} : Indonesian
447 (Formerly "in".)
448 {inh} : Ingush
450 {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)
451 (Artificial) NOT Interlingue!
452 {ie} : Interlingue
454 (Artificial) NOT Interlingua!
455 {iu} : Inuktitut
457 A subform of "Eskimo".
458 {ik} : Inupiaq
460 A subform of "Eskimo".
461 [{ira} : Iranian (Other)]
463 {ga} : Irish
464 {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200)
465 (Historical)
466 {sga} : Old Irish (to 900)
468 (Historical)
469 [{iro} : Iroquoian languages]
471 {it} : Italian
472 Notable forms: {it-it} Italy Italian; {it-ch} Swiss Italian.
473 {ja} : Japanese
475 (NOT "jp"!)
476 {jv} : Javanese
478 (Formerly "jw" because of a typo.)
479 {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic
481 {jpr} : Judeo-Persian
482 {kbd} : Kabardian
483 {kab} : Kabyle
484 {kac} : Kachin
485 {kl} : Kalaallisut
486 eq Greenlandic "Eskimo"
487 {xal} : Kalmyk
489 {kam} : Kamba
490 {kn} : Kannada
491 eq Kanarese. NOT Canadian!
492 {kr} : Kanuri
494 (Formerly "kau".)
495 {krc} : Karachay-Balkar
497 {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak
498 {kar} : Karen
499 {ks} : Kashmiri
500 {csb} : Kashubian
501 eq Kashub
502 {kaw} : Kawi
504 {kk} : Kazakh
505 {kha} : Khasi
506 {km} : Khmer
507 eq Cambodian. eq Kampuchean.
508 [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)]
510 {kho} : Khotanese
511 {ki} : Kikuyu
512 eq Gikuyu.
513 {kmb} : Kimbundu
515 {rw} : Kinyarwanda
516 {ky} : Kirghiz
517 {i-klingon} : Klingon
518 {kv} : Komi
519 {kg} : Kongo
520 (Formerly "kon".)
521 {kok} : Konkani
523 {ko} : Korean
524 {kos} : Kosraean
525 {kpe} : Kpelle
526 {kro} : Kru
527 {kj} : Kuanyama
528 {kum} : Kumyk
529 {ku} : Kurdish
530 {kru} : Kurukh
531 {kut} : Kutenai
532 {lad} : Ladino
533 eq Judeo-Spanish. NOT Ladin (a minority language in Italy).
534 {lah} : Lahnda
536 NOT Lamba!
537 {lam} : Lamba
539 NOT Lahnda!
540 {lo} : Lao
542 eq Laotian.
543 {la} : Latin
545 (Historical) NOT Ladin! NOT Ladino!
546 {lv} : Latvian
548 eq Lettish.
549 {lb} : Letzeburgesch
551 eq Luxemburgian, eq Luxemburger. (Formerly "i-lux".)
552 {lez} : Lezghian
554 {li} : Limburgish
555 eq Limburger, eq Limburgan. NOT Letzeburgesch!
556 {ln} : Lingala
558 {lt} : Lithuanian
559 {nds} : Low German
560 eq Low Saxon. eq Low German. eq Low Saxon.
561 {art-lojban} : Lojban (Artificial)
563 {loz} : Lozi
564 {lu} : Luba-Katanga
565 (Formerly "lub".)
566 {lua} : Luba-Lulua
568 {lui} : Luiseno
569 eq Luisen~o.
570 {lun} : Lunda
572 {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)
573 {lus} : Lushai
574 {mk} : Macedonian
575 eq the modern Slavic language spoken in what was Yugoslavia. NOT
576 the form of Greek spoken in Greek Macedonia!
577 {mad} : Madurese
579 {mag} : Magahi
580 {mai} : Maithili
581 {mak} : Makasar
582 {mg} : Malagasy
583 {ms} : Malay
584 NOT Malayalam!
585 {ml} : Malayalam
587 NOT Malay!
588 {mt} : Maltese
590 {mnc} : Manchu
591 {mdr} : Mandar
592 NOT Mandarin!
593 {man} : Mandingo
595 {mni} : Manipuri
596 eq Meithei.
597 [{mno} : Manobo languages]
599 {gv} : Manx
600 {mi} : Maori
601 NOT Mari!
602 {mr} : Marathi
604 {chm} : Mari
605 NOT Maori!
606 {mh} : Marshall
608 eq Marshallese.
609 {mwr} : Marwari
611 {mas} : Masai
612 [{myn} : Mayan languages]
613 {men} : Mende
614 {mic} : Micmac
615 {min} : Minangkabau
616 {i-mingo} : Mingo
617 eq the Irquoian language West Virginia Seneca. NOT New York
618 Seneca!
619 [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages]
621 Don't use this.
622 {moh} : Mohawk
624 {mdf} : Moksha
625 {mo} : Moldavian
626 eq Moldovan.
627 [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)]
629 {lol} : Mongo
630 {mn} : Mongolian
631 eq Mongol.
632 {mos} : Mossi
634 [{mul} : Multiple languages]
635 Not for normal use.
636 [{mun} : Munda languages]
638 {nah} : Nahuatl
639 {nap} : Neapolitan
640 {na} : Nauru
641 {nv} : Navajo
642 eq Navaho. (Formerly "i-navajo".)
643 {nd} : North Ndebele
645 {nr} : South Ndebele
646 {ng} : Ndonga
647 {ne} : Nepali
648 eq Nepalese. Notable forms: {ne-np} Nepal Nepali; {ne-in} India
649 Nepali.
650 {new} : Newari
652 {nia} : Nias
653 [{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)]
654 [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)]
655 {niu} : Niuean
656 {nog} : Nogai
657 {non} : Old Norse
658 (Historical)
659 [{nai} : North American Indian]
661 Do not use this.
662 {no} : Norwegian
664 Note the two following forms:
665 {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal
667 eq Bokmaal, (A form of Norwegian.) (Formerly "no-bok".)
668 {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk
670 (A form of Norwegian.) (Formerly "no-nyn".)
671 [{nub} : Nubian languages]
673 {nym} : Nyamwezi
674 {nyn} : Nyankole
675 {nyo} : Nyoro
676 {nzi} : Nzima
677 {oc} : Occitan (post 1500)
678 eq Provencal, eq Provencal
679 {oj} : Ojibwa
681 eq Ojibwe. (Formerly "oji".)
682 {or} : Oriya
684 {om} : Oromo
685 {osa} : Osage
686 {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic
687 [{oto} : Otomian languages]
688 Group of languages collectively called "Otomi".
689 {pal} : Pahlavi
691 eq Pahlevi
692 {i-pwn} : Paiwan
694 eq Pariwan
695 {pau} : Palauan
697 {pi} : Pali
698 (Historical?)
699 {pam} : Pampanga
701 {pag} : Pangasinan
702 {pa} : Panjabi
703 eq Punjabi
704 {pap} : Papiamento
706 eq Papiamentu.
707 [{paa} : Papuan (Other)]
709 {fa} : Persian
710 eq Farsi. eq Iranian.
711 {peo} : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.)
713 [{phi} : Philippine (Other)]
714 {phn} : Phoenician
715 (Historical)
716 {pon} : Pohnpeian
718 NOT Pompeiian!
719 {pl} : Polish
721 {pt} : Portuguese
722 eq Portugese. Notable forms: {pt-pt} Portugal Portuguese; {pt-br}
723 Brazilian Portuguese.
724 [{pra} : Prakrit languages]
726 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500)
727 eq Old Provencal. (Historical.)
728 {ps} : Pushto
730 eq Pashto. eq Pushtu.
731 {qu} : Quechua
733 eq Quecha.
734 {rm} : Raeto-Romance
736 eq Romansh.
737 {raj} : Rajasthani
739 {rap} : Rapanui
740 {rar} : Rarotongan
741 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.]
742 [{roa} : Romance (Other)]
743 NOT Romanian! NOT Romany! NOT Romansh!
744 {ro} : Romanian
746 eq Rumanian. NOT Romany!
747 {rom} : Romany
749 eq Rom. NOT Romanian!
750 {rn} : Rundi
752 {ru} : Russian
753 NOT White Russian! NOT Rusyn!
754 [{sal} : Salishan languages]
756 Large language group.
757 {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic
759 NOT Aramaic!
760 {se} : Northern Sami
762 eq Lappish. eq Lapp. eq (Northern) Saami.
763 {sma} : Southern Sami
765 {smn} : Inari Sami
766 {smj} : Lule Sami
767 {sms} : Skolt Sami
768 [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)]
769 {sm} : Samoan
770 {sad} : Sandawe
771 {sg} : Sango
772 {sa} : Sanskrit
773 (Historical)
774 {sat} : Santali
776 {sc} : Sardinian
777 eq Sard.
778 {sas} : Sasak
780 {sco} : Scots
781 NOT Scots Gaelic!
782 {sel} : Selkup
784 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)]
785 {sr} : Serbian
786 eq Serb. NOT Sorbian.
787 Notable forms: {sr-Cyrl} : Serbian in Cyrillic script; {sr-Latn} :
789 Serbian in Latin script.
790 {srr} : Serer
792 {shn} : Shan
793 {sn} : Shona
794 {sid} : Sidamo
795 {sgn-...} : Sign Languages
796 Always use with a subtag. Notable forms: {sgn-gb} British Sign
797 Language (BSL); {sgn-ie} Irish Sign Language (ESL); {sgn-ni}
798 Nicaraguan Sign Language (ISN); {sgn-us} American Sign Language
799 (ASL).
800 (And so on with other country codes as the subtag.)
802 {bla} : Siksika
804 eq Blackfoot. eq Pikanii.
805 {sd} : Sindhi
807 {si} : Sinhalese
808 eq Sinhala.
809 [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)]
811 [{sio} : Siouan languages]
812 {den} : Slave (Athapascan)
813 ("Slavey" is a subform.)
814 [{sla} : Slavic (Other)]
816 {sk} : Slovak
817 eq Slovakian.
818 {sl} : Slovenian
820 eq Slovene.
821 {sog} : Sogdian
823 {so} : Somali
824 {son} : Songhai
825 {snk} : Soninke
826 {wen} : Sorbian languages
827 eq Wendish. eq Sorb. eq Lusatian. eq Wend. NOT Venda! NOT Ser‐
828 bian!
829 {nso} : Northern Sotho
831 {st} : Southern Sotho
832 eq Sutu. eq Sesotho.
833 [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)]
835 {es} : Spanish
836 Notable forms: {es-ar} Argentine Spanish; {es-bo} Bolivian Spanish;
837 {es-cl} Chilean Spanish; {es-co} Colombian Spanish; {es-do} Domini‐
838 can Spanish; {es-ec} Ecuadorian Spanish; {es-es} Spain Spanish;
839 {es-gt} Guatemalan Spanish; {es-hn} Honduran Spanish; {es-mx} Mexi‐
840 can Spanish; {es-pa} Panamanian Spanish; {es-pe} Peruvian Spanish;
841 {es-pr} Puerto Rican Spanish; {es-py} Paraguay Spanish; {es-sv}
842 Salvadoran Spanish; {es-us} US Spanish; {es-uy} Uruguayan Spanish;
843 {es-ve} Venezuelan Spanish.
844 {suk} : Sukuma
846 {sux} : Sumerian
847 (Historical)
848 {su} : Sundanese
850 {sus} : Susu
851 {sw} : Swahili
852 eq Kiswahili
853 {ss} : Swati
855 {sv} : Swedish
856 Notable forms: {sv-se} Sweden Swedish; {sv-fi} Finland Swedish.
857 {syr} : Syriac
859 {tl} : Tagalog
860 {ty} : Tahitian
861 [{tai} : Tai (Other)]
862 NOT Thai!
863 {tg} : Tajik
865 {tmh} : Tamashek
866 {ta} : Tamil
867 {i-tao} : Tao
868 eq Yami.
869 {tt} : Tatar
871 {i-tay} : Tayal
872 eq Atayal. eq Atayan.
873 {te} : Telugu
875 {ter} : Tereno
876 {tet} : Tetum
877 {th} : Thai
878 NOT Tai!
879 {bo} : Tibetan
881 {tig} : Tigre
882 {ti} : Tigrinya
883 {tem} : Timne
884 eq Themne. eq Timene.
885 {tiv} : Tiv
887 {tli} : Tlingit
888 {tpi} : Tok Pisin
889 {tkl} : Tokelau
890 {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa)
891 NOT Tsonga!
892 {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands)
894 (Pronounced "Tong-a", not "Tong-ga")
895 NOT Tsonga!
897 {tsi} : Tsimshian
899 eq Sm'algyax
900 {ts} : Tsonga
902 NOT Tonga!
903 {i-tsu} : Tsou
905 {tn} : Tswana
906 Same as Setswana.
907 {tum} : Tumbuka
909 [{tup} : Tupi languages]
910 {tr} : Turkish
911 (Typically in Roman script)
912 {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)
914 (Typically in Arabic script) (Historical)
915 {crh} : Crimean Turkish
917 eq Crimean Tatar
918 {tk} : Turkmen
920 eq Turkmeni.
921 {tvl} : Tuvalu
923 {tyv} : Tuvinian
924 eq Tuvan. eq Tuvin.
925 {tw} : Twi
927 {udm} : Udmurt
928 {uga} : Ugaritic
929 NOT Ugric!
930 {ug} : Uighur
932 {uk} : Ukrainian
933 {umb} : Umbundu
934 {und} : Undetermined
935 Not a tag for normal use.
936 {ur} : Urdu
938 {uz} : Uzbek
939 eq Oezbek
940 Notable forms: {uz-Cyrl} Uzbek in Cyrillic script; {uz-Latn} Uzbek
942 in Latin script.
943 {vai} : Vai
945 {ve} : Venda
946 NOT Wendish! NOT Wend! NOT Avestan! (Formerly "ven".)
947 {vi} : Vietnamese
949 eq Viet.
950 {vo} : Volapuk
952 eq Volapuek. (Artificial)
953 {vot} : Votic
955 eq Votian. eq Vod.
956 [{wak} : Wakashan languages]
958 {wa} : Walloon
959 {wal} : Walamo
960 eq Wolaytta.
961 {war} : Waray
963 Presumably the Philippine language Waray-Waray (Samaren~o), not the
964 smaller Philippine language Waray Sorsogon, nor the extinct Aus‐
965 tralian language Waray.
966 {was} : Washo
968 eq Washoe
969 {cy} : Welsh
971 {wo} : Wolof
972 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use)
973 "x-" is a prefix for language tags that are not registered with ISO
974 or IANA. Example, x-double-dutch
975 {xh} : Xhosa
977 {sah} : Yakut
978 {yao} : Yao
979 (The Yao in Malawi?)
980 {yap} : Yapese
982 eq Yap
983 {ii} : Sichuan Yi
985 {yi} : Yiddish
986 Formerly "ji". Usually in Hebrew script.
987 Notable forms: {yi-latn} Yiddish in Latin script
989 {yo} : Yoruba
991 [{ypk} : Yupik languages]
992 Several "Eskimo" languages.
993 {znd} : Zande
995 [{zap} : Zapotec]
996 (A group of languages.)
997 {zen} : Zenaga
999 NOT Zend.
1000 {za} : Zhuang
1002 {zu} : Zulu
1003 {zun} : Zuni
1004 eq Zun~i
1005
1007 I18N::LangTags and its "See Also" section.
1008
1010 Copyright (c) 2001+ Sean M. Burke. All rights reserved.
1011 You can redistribute and/or modify this document under the same terms
1013 as Perl itself.
1014 This document is provided in the hope that it will be useful, but with‐
1016 out any warranty; without even the implied warranty of accuracy,
1017 authoritativeness, completeness, merchantability, or fitness for a par‐
1018 ticular purpose.
1019 Email any corrections or questions to me.
1021
1023 Sean M. Burke, sburke@cpan.org
1024perl v5.8.8 2001-09-21 I18N::LangTags::List(3pm)