1full_index(1)                 Grass User's Manual                full_index(1)
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GRASS GIS 7.4.4 Reference Manual

6       Geographic  Resources  Analysis Support System, commonly referred to as
7       GRASS, is a Geographic Information System  (GIS)  used  for  geospatial
8       data  management  and analysis, image processing, graphics/maps produc‐
9       tion, spatial modeling, and visualization. GRASS is currently  used  in
10       academic  and  commercial settings around the world, as well as by many
11       governmental agencies and environmental consulting companies.
12
13       This reference manual details the use of modules distributed with  Geo‐
14       graphic  Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS), an open source (GNU
15       GPLed), image processing and geographic information system  (GIS).   Go
16       back to help overview
17
18   Display commands (d.*)
19       d.barscale                                                   Displays a barscale on the graphics monitor.
20
21       d.colorlist                                                  Outputs a list of all available display colors.
22
23       d.colortable                                                 Displays the color table associated with a raster map layer.
24
25       d.correlate                                                  Prints  a  graph  of the correlation between raster maps (in
26                                                                    pairs).
27
28       d.erase                                                      Erases the contents of the  active  graphics  display  frame
29                                                                    with user defined color.
30
31       d.font                                                       Selects  the  font  in  which  text will be displayed on the
32                                                                    user’s graphics monitor.
33
34       d.fontlist                                                   Lists the available fonts.
35
36       d.frame                                                      Manages display frames on the user’s graphics monitor.
37
38       d.geodesic                                                   Displays a geodesic  line,  tracing  the  shortest  distance
39                                                                    between  two  geographic  points  along a great circle, in a
40                                                                    longitude/latitude data set.
41
42       d.graph                                                      Program for generating and displaying simple graphics on the
43                                                                    display monitor.
44
45       d.grid                                                       Overlays  a  user-specified grid in the active display frame
46                                                                    on the graphics monitor.
47
48       d.his                                                        Displays the result obtained by  combining  hue,  intensity,
49                                                                    and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster
50                                                                    map layers.
51
52       d.histogram                                                  Displays a histogram in the form of a pie or bar chart for a
53                                                                    user-specified raster map.
54
55       d.info                                                       Displays information about the active display monitor.
56
57       d.labels                                                     Displays  text  labels  (created with v.label) to the active
58                                                                    frame on the graphics monitor.
59
60       d.legend                                                     Displays a legend for a 2D or 3D raster map  in  the  active
61                                                                    frame of the graphics monitor.
62
63       d.legend.vect                                                Displays a vector legend in the active graphics frame.
64
65
66
67
68       d.linegraph                                                  Generates  and  displays  simple  line  graphs in the active
69                                                                    graphics monitor display frame.
70
71       d.mon                                                        Controls graphics display monitors from the command line.
72
73       d.northarrow                                                 Displays a north arrow on the graphics monitor.
74
75       d.out.file                                                   Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a graph‐
76                                                                    ics file.
77
78       d.path                                                       Finds shortest path for selected starting and ending node.
79
80       d.polar                                                      Draws  polar  diagram  of  angle  map such as aspect or flow
81                                                                    directions
82
83       d.profile                                                    Plots profile of a transect.
84
85       d.rast.arrow                                                 Draws arrows representing cell aspect direction for a raster
86                                                                    map containing aspect data.
87
88       d.rast.edit                                                  Edits cell values in a raster map.
89
90       d.rast                                                       Displays  user-specified  raster  map in the active graphics
91                                                                    frame.
92
93       d.rast.leg                                                   Displays a raster map and its legend on a graphics window
94
95       d.rast.num                                                   Overlays cell category values on a raster map  displayed  in
96                                                                    the active graphics frame.
97
98       d.redraw                                                     Redraws the content of currently selected monitor.
99
100       d.rgb                                                        Displays three user-specified raster maps as red, green, and
101                                                                    blue overlays in the active graphics frame.
102
103       d.rhumbline                                                  Displays the rhumbline joining two longitude/latitude  coor‐
104                                                                    dinates.
105
106       d.shade                                                      Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
107
108       d.text                                                       Draws text in the active display frame on the graphics moni‐
109                                                                    tor using the current font.
110
111       d.title                                                      Create a TITLE for a raster map in a form suitable for  dis‐
112                                                                    play with d.text.
113
114       d.to.rast                                                    Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a raster
115                                                                    map.
116
117       d.vect.chart                                                 Displays charts of vector data in the active  frame  on  the
118                                                                    graphics monitor.
119
120       d.vect                                                       Displays  user-specified  vector  map in the active graphics
121                                                                    frame.
122
123       d.vect.thematic                                              Displays a thematic vector map in the active graphics frame.
124
125       d.what.rast                                                  Allows the user to interactively query raster map layers  at
126                                                                    user-selected locations.
127
128       d.what.vect                                                  Allows  the user to interactively query vector map layers at
129                                                                    user-selected locations.
130
131
132
133
134       d.where                                                      Identifies the geographic coordinates associated with  point
135                                                                    locations given in display coordinates.
136
137
138   Database commands (db.*)
139       db.columns                                                   List all columns for a given table.
140
141       db.connect                                                   Prints/sets general DB connection for current mapset.
142
143       db.copy                                                      Copy a table.
144
145       db.createdb                                                  Creates an empty database.
146
147       db.databases                                                 Lists all databases for a given driver and location.
148
149       db.describe                                                  Describes a table in detail.
150
151       db.drivers                                                   Lists all database drivers.
152
153       db.dropcolumn                                                Drops a column from selected attribute table.
154
155       db.dropdb                                                    Removes an existing database.
156
157       db.droptable                                                 Drops an attribute table.
158
159       db.execute                                                   Executes any SQL statement.
160
161       db.in.ogr                                                    Imports attribute tables in various formats.
162
163       db.login                                                     Sets user/password for DB driver/database.
164
165       db.out.ogr                                                   Exports attribute tables into various formats.
166
167       db.select                                                    Selects data from attribute table.
168
169       db.tables                                                    Lists all tables for a given database.
170
171       db.test                                                      Test database driver, database must exist and set by db.con‐
172                                                                    nect.
173
174       db.univar                                                    Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column.
175
176
177   General commands (g.*)
178       g.access                                                     Controls access to the current mapset for other users on the
179                                                                    system.
180
181       g.cairocomp                                                  Overlays multiple X Pixmaps.
182
183       g.copy                                                       Copies  available  data  files  in the current mapset search
184                                                                    path to the user’s current mapset.
185
186       g.dirseps                                                    Internal GRASS utility for  converting  directory  separator
187                                                                    characters.
188
189       g.extension.all                                              Rebuilds  or  removes  all  locally  installed  GRASS Addons
190                                                                    extensions.
191
192       g.extension                                                  Maintains GRASS Addons extensions in local  GRASS  installa‐
193                                                                    tion.
194
195       g.filename                                                   Prints GRASS data base file names.
196
197       g.findetc                                                    Searches for GRASS support files.
198
199
200       g.findfile                                                   Searches  for  GRASS  data base files and sets variables for
201                                                                    the shell.
202
203       g.gisenv                                                     Outputs and modifies the user’s current GRASS variable  set‐
204                                                                    tings.
205
206       g.gui.animation                                              Tool  for  animating a series of raster and vector maps or a
207                                                                    space time raster or vector dataset.
208
209       g.gui.datacatalog                                            Tool for browsing, modifying and managing GRASS maps.
210
211       g.gui.dbmgr                                                  Launches graphical attribute table manager.
212
213       g.gui.gcp                                                    Georectifies  a  map  and  allows  managing  Ground  Control
214                                                                    Points.
215
216       g.gui.gmodeler                                               Graphical Modeler.
217
218       g.gui                                                        Launches a GRASS graphical user interface (GUI) session.
219
220       g.gui.iclass                                                 Tool for supervised classification of imagery data.
221
222       g.gui.image2target                                           Georectifies a map and allows managing Ground Control Points
223                                                                    for 3D correction.
224
225       g.gui.mapswipe                                               Interactively compares two maps by swiping a visibility bar.
226
227       g.gui.photo2image                                            Corrects scanning distortions of a paper photo.
228
229       g.gui.psmap                                                  Tool for creating hardcopy map outputs.
230
231       g.gui.rlisetup                                               Configuration tool for r.li modules.
232
233       g.gui.timeline                                               Allows comparing temporal datasets by displaying their  tem‐
234                                                                    poral extents in a plot.
235
236       g.gui.tplot                                                  Plots the values of temporal datasets.
237
238       g.gui.vdigit                                                 Interactive editing and digitization of vector maps.
239
240       g.list                                                       Lists  available GRASS data base files of the user-specified
241                                                                    data type optionally using the search pattern.
242
243       g.manual                                                     Displays the manual pages of GRASS modules.
244
245       g.mapset                                                     Changes/reports current mapset.
246
247       g.mapsets                                                    Modifies/prints the user’s current mapset search path.
248
249       g.message                                                    Prints a message, warning, progress info, or fatal error  in
250                                                                    the GRASS way.
251
252       g.mkfontcap                                                  Generates  the  font  configuration file by scanning various
253                                                                    directories for fonts.
254
255       g.parser                                                     Provides automated parser, GUI, and help support  for  GRASS
256                                                                    scipts.
257
258       g.pnmcomp                                                    Overlays multiple PPM image files.
259
260       g.ppmtopng                                                   Converts between PPM/PGM and PNG image formats.
261
262       g.proj                                                       Prints  or  modifies  GRASS projection information files (in
263                                                                    various co-ordinate system descriptions).
264
265
266       g.region                                                     Manages the boundary definitions for the geographic region.
267
268       g.remove                                                     Removes data base element  files  from  the  user’s  current
269                                                                    mapset using the search pattern.
270
271       g.rename                                                     Renames  data  base  element  files  in  the  user’s current
272                                                                    mapset.
273
274       g.search.modules                                             Search in GRASS modules using keywords
275
276       g.tempfile                                                   Creates a temporary file and prints it’s file name.
277
278       g.version                                                    Displays GRASS GIS version info.
279
280
281   Imagery commands (i.*)
282       i.albedo                                                     Computes broad band albedo from surface reflectance.
283
284       i.aster.toar                                                 Calculates Top of Atmosphere Radiance/Reflectance/Brightness
285                                                                    Temperature from ASTER DN.
286
287       i.atcorr                                                     Performs atmospheric correction using the 6S algorithm.
288
289       i.biomass                                                    Computes  biomass  growth,  precursor of crop yield calcula‐
290                                                                    tion.
291
292       i.cca                                                        Canonical components analysis (CCA) program for  image  pro‐
293                                                                    cessing.
294
295       i.cluster                                                    Generates  spectral  signatures  for  land cover types in an
296                                                                    image using a clustering algorithm.
297
298       i.colors.enhance                                             Performs auto-balancing of colors for RGB images.
299
300       i.eb.eta                                                     Actual evapotranspiration for diurnal period  (Bastiaanssen,
301                                                                    1995).
302
303       i.eb.evapfr                                                  Computes evaporative fraction and root zone soil moisture.
304
305       i.eb.hsebal01                                                Computes sensible heat flux iteration SEBAL 01.
306
307       i.eb.netrad                                                  Net radiation approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
308
309       i.eb.soilheatflux                                            Soil heat flux approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
310
311       i.emissivity                                                 Computes  emissivity  from  NDVI,  generic method for sparse
312                                                                    land.
313
314       i.evapo.mh                                                   Computes evapotranspiration calculation modified or original
315                                                                    Hargreaves formulation, 2001.
316
317       i.evapo.pm                                                   Computes   potential   evapotranspiration  calculation  with
318                                                                    hourly Penman-Monteith.
319
320       i.evapo.pt                                                   Computes evapotranspiration calculation Priestley and Taylor
321                                                                    formulation, 1972.
322
323       i.evapo.time                                                 Computes  temporal  integration of satellite ET actual (ETa)
324                                                                    following the daily ET reference (ETo)  from  meteorological
325                                                                    station(s).
326
327       i.fft                                                        Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for image processing.
328
329       i.gensig                                                     Generates statistics for i.maxlik from raster map.
330
331
332       i.gensigset                                                  Generates statistics for i.smap from raster map.
333
334       i.group                                                      Creates, edits, and lists groups of imagery data.
335
336       i.his.rgb                                                    Transforms  raster  maps from HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation)
337                                                                    color space to RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space.
338
339       i.ifft                                                       Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) for image processing.
340
341       i.image.mosaic                                               Mosaics several images and extends colormap.
342
343       i.in.spotvgt                                                 Imports SPOT VGT NDVI data into a raster map.
344
345       i.landsat.acca                                               Performs Landsat TM/ETM+ Automatic  Cloud  Cover  Assessment
346                                                                    (ACCA).
347
348       i.landsat.toar                                               Calculates  top-of-atmosphere  radiance  or  reflectance and
349                                                                    temperature for Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI
350
351       i.maxlik                                                     Classifies the cell spectral reflectances in imagery data.
352
353       i.modis.qc                                                   Extracts quality control parameters from MODIS QC layers.
354
355       i.oif                                                        Calculates Optimum-Index-Factor table for spectral bands
356
357       i.ortho.camera                                               Select and modify the imagery group camera reference file.
358
359       i.ortho.elev                                                 Select or modify the target elevation model.
360
361       i.ortho.init                                                 Interactively creates or modifies entries in a  camera  ini‐
362                                                                    tial exposure station file for imagery group referenced by a
363                                                                    sub-block.
364
365       i.ortho.photo                                                Menu driver for the photo imagery programs.
366
367       i.ortho.rectify                                              Orthorectifies an image by using the image to photo  coordi‐
368                                                                    nate transformation matrix.
369
370       i.ortho.target                                               Select or modify the imagery group target.
371
372       i.ortho.transform                                            Computes  a  coordinate  transformation based on the control
373                                                                    points.
374
375       i.pansharpen                                                 Image  fusion  algorithms  to  sharpen  multispectral   with
376                                                                    high-res panchromatic channels
377
378       i.pca                                                        Principal components analysis (PCA) for image processing.
379
380       i.rectify                                                    Rectifies  an image by computing a coordinate transformation
381                                                                    for each pixel in the image based on the control points.
382
383       i.rgb.his                                                    Transforms raster maps from RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space
384                                                                    to HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space.
385
386       i.segment                                                    Identifies segments (objects) from imagery data.
387
388       i.smap                                                       Performs  contextual  image  classification using sequential
389                                                                    maximum a posteriori (SMAP) estimation.
390
391       i.spectral                                                   Displays spectral response at user  specified  locations  in
392                                                                    group or images.
393
394       i.target                                                     Targets an imagery group to a GRASS location and mapset.
395
396
397
398       i.tasscap                                                    Performs Tasseled Cap (Kauth Thomas) transformation.
399
400       i.topo.corr                                                  Computes topographic correction of reflectance.
401
402       i.vi                                                         Calculates different types of vegetation indices.
403
404       i.zc                                                         Zero-crossing  "edge  detection"  raster  function for image
405                                                                    processing.
406
407
408   Miscellaneous commands (m.*)
409       m.cogo                                                       A simple utility for converting bearing  and  distance  mea‐
410                                                                    surements to coordinates and vice versa.
411
412       m.measure                                                    Measures the lengths and areas of features.
413
414       m.nviz.image                                                 Creates a 3D rendering of GIS data.
415
416       m.nviz.script                                                Creates fly-through script to run in NVIZ.
417
418       m.proj                                                       Converts  coordinates  from one projection to another (cs2cs
419                                                                    frontend).
420
421       m.transform                                                  Computes a coordinate transformation based  on  the  control
422                                                                    points.
423
424
425   PostScript commands (ps.*)
426       ps.map                                                       Produces hardcopy PostScript map output.
427
428
429   Raster commands (r.*)
430       r.basins.fill                                                Generates watershed subbasins raster map.
431
432       r.blend                                                      Blends color components of two raster maps by a given ratio.
433
434       r.buffer                                                     Creates  a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding cells
435                                                                    that contain non-NULL category values.
436
437       r.buffer.lowmem                                              Creates a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding  cells
438                                                                    that contain non-NULL category values.
439
440       r.carve                                                      Generates stream channels.
441
442       r.category                                                   Manages   category   values   and   labels  associated  with
443                                                                    user-specified raster map layers.
444
445       r.circle                                                     Creates a raster map containing concentric  rings  around  a
446                                                                    given point.
447
448       r.clump                                                      Recategorizes  data  in  a raster map by grouping cells that
449                                                                    form physically discrete areas into unique categories.
450
451       r.coin                                                       Tabulates the mutual occurrence (coincidence) of  categories
452                                                                    for two raster map layers.
453
454       r.colors                                                     Creates/modifies  the  color  table associated with a raster
455                                                                    map.
456
457       r.colors.out                                                 Exports the color table associated with a raster map.
458
459       r.colors.stddev                                              Sets color rules based on stddev from a  raster  map’s  mean
460                                                                    value.
461
462
463
464       r.composite                                                  Combines  red, green and blue raster maps into a single com‐
465                                                                    posite raster map.
466
467       r.compress                                                   Compresses and decompresses raster maps.
468
469       r.contour                                                    Produces a vector map of specified contours  from  a  raster
470                                                                    map.
471
472       r.cost                                                       Creates  a  raster map showing the cumulative cost of moving
473                                                                    between different geographic locations on  an  input  raster
474                                                                    map whose cell category values represent cost.
475
476       r.covar                                                      Outputs  a  covariance/correlation matrix for user-specified
477                                                                    raster map layer(s).
478
479       r.cross                                                      Creates a cross product of the category values from multiple
480                                                                    raster map layers.
481
482       r.describe                                                   Prints  terse  list of category values found in a raster map
483                                                                    layer.
484
485       r.distance                                                   Locates the closest points between  objects  in  two  raster
486                                                                    maps.
487
488       r.drain                                                      Traces  a flow through an elevation model or cost surface on
489                                                                    a raster map.
490
491       r.external                                                   Links GDAL supported raster data as a  pseudo  GRASS  raster
492                                                                    map.
493
494       r.external.out                                               Redirects  raster  output  to  file  utilizing  GDAL library
495                                                                    rather than storing in GRASS raster format.
496
497       r.fill.dir                                                   Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map  and  a
498                                                                    flow direction map from a given elevation raster map.
499
500       r.fill.stats                                                 Rapidly  fills  ’no data’ cells (NULLs) of a raster map with
501                                                                    interpolated values (IDW).
502
503       r.fillnulls                                                  Fills no-data areas in raster maps using  spline  interpola‐
504                                                                    tion.
505
506       r.flow                                                       Constructs flowlines.
507
508       r.geomorphon                                                 Calculates geomorphons (terrain forms) and associated geome‐
509                                                                    try using machine vision approach.
510
511       r.grow.distance                                              Generates a  raster  map  containing  distances  to  nearest
512                                                                    raster features.
513
514       r.grow                                                       Generates  a raster map layer with contiguous areas grown by
515                                                                    one cell.
516
517       r.gwflow                                                     Numerical calculation program for  transient,  confined  and
518                                                                    unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
519
520       r.his                                                        Generates  red,  green and blue (RGB) raster map layers com‐
521                                                                    bining hue,  intensity  and  saturation  (HIS)  values  from
522                                                                    user-specified input raster map layers.
523
524       r.horizon                                                    Computes  horizon  angle  height  from  a  digital elevation
525                                                                    model.
526
527
528
529
530       r.import                                                     Imports raster data into  a  GRASS  raster  map  using  GDAL
531                                                                    library and reprojects on the fly.
532
533       r.in.ascii                                                   Converts a GRASS ASCII raster file to binary raster map.
534
535       r.in.aster                                                   Georeference,  rectify,  and  import Terra-ASTER imagery and
536                                                                    relative DEMs using gdalwarp.
537
538       r.in.bin                                                     Import a binary raster file into a GRASS raster map layer.
539
540       r.in.gdal                                                    Imports raster data into  a  GRASS  raster  map  using  GDAL
541                                                                    library.
542
543       r.in.gridatb                                                 Imports  GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL) into a GRASS raster
544                                                                    map.
545
546       r.in.lidar                                                   Creates a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using  univariate
547                                                                    statistics.
548
549       r.in.mat                                                     Imports a binary MAT-File(v4) to a GRASS raster.
550
551       r.in.png                                                     Imports non-georeferenced PNG format image.
552
553       r.in.poly                                                    Creates  raster  maps  from  ASCII  polygon/line/point  data
554                                                                    files.
555
556       r.in.srtm                                                    Imports SRTM HGT files into raster map.
557
558       r.in.wms                                                     Downloads  and  imports  data  from  WMS/WMTS/NASA   OnEarth
559                                                                    server.
560
561       r.in.xyz                                                     Creates  a raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates
562                                                                    using univariate statistics.
563
564       r.info                                                       Outputs basic information about a raster map.
565
566       r.kappa                                                      Calculates error matrix and  kappa  parameter  for  accuracy
567                                                                    assessment of classification result.
568
569       r.lake                                                       Fills lake at given point to given level.
570
571       r.latlong                                                    Creates a latitude/longitude raster map.
572
573       r.li.cwed                                                    Calculates  contrast weighted edge density index on a raster
574                                                                    map
575
576       r.li.daemon                                                  Support module for r.li landscape index calculations.
577
578       r.li.dominance                                               Calculates dominance’s diversity index on a raster map
579
580       r.li.edgedensity                                             Calculates edge density index on a raster  map,  using  a  4
581                                                                    neighbour algorithm
582
583       r.li                                                         Toolset for multiscale analysis of landscape structure
584
585       r.li.mpa                                                     Calculates mean pixel attribute index on a raster map
586
587       r.li.mps                                                     Calculates  mean patch size index on a raster map, using a 4
588                                                                    neighbour algorithm
589
590       r.li.padcv                                                   Calculates coefficient of  variation  of  patch  area  on  a
591                                                                    raster map
592
593       r.li.padrange                                                Calculates range of patch area size on a raster map
594
595
596       r.li.padsd                                                   Calculates standard deviation of patch area a raster map
597
598       r.li.patchdensity                                            Calculates  patch  density  index on a raster map, using a 4
599                                                                    neighbour algorithm
600
601       r.li.patchnum                                                Calculates patch number index on a raster  map,  using  a  4
602                                                                    neighbour algorithm.
603
604       r.li.pielou                                                  Calculates Pielou’s diversity index on a raster map
605
606       r.li.renyi                                                   Calculates Renyi’s diversity index on a raster map
607
608       r.li.richness                                                Calculates richness index on a raster map
609
610       r.li.shannon                                                 Calculates Shannon’s diversity index on a raster map
611
612       r.li.shape                                                   Calculates shape index on a raster map
613
614       r.li.simpson                                                 Calculates Simpson’s diversity index on a raster map
615
616       r.mapcalc                                                    Raster map calculator.
617
618       r.mapcalc.simple                                             Calculates  a new raster map from a simple r.mapcalc expres‐
619                                                                    sion.
620
621       r.mask                                                       Creates a MASK for limiting raster operation.
622
623       r.mfilter                                                    Performs raster map matrix filter.
624
625       r.mode                                                       Finds the mode  of  values  in  a  cover  map  within  areas
626                                                                    assigned  the  same  category value in a user-specified base
627                                                                    map.
628
629       r.neighbors                                                  Makes each cell category value a function  of  the  category
630                                                                    values  assigned to the cells around it, and stores new cell
631                                                                    values in an output raster map layer.
632
633       r.null                                                       Manages NULL-values of given raster map.
634
635       r.out.ascii                                                  Converts a raster map layer into a GRASS ASCII text file.
636
637       r.out.bin                                                    Exports a GRASS raster to a binary array.
638
639       r.out.gdal                                                   Exports GRASS raster maps into GDAL supported formats.
640
641       r.out.gridatb                                                Exports GRASS raster map to GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL).
642
643       r.out.mat                                                    Exports a GRASS raster to a binary MAT-File.
644
645       r.out.mpeg                                                   Converts raster map series to MPEG movie.
646
647       r.out.png                                                    Export a GRASS raster map as a non-georeferenced PNG image.
648
649       r.out.pov                                                    Converts a raster map layer into  a  height-field  file  for
650                                                                    POV-Ray.
651
652       r.out.ppm                                                    Converts a GRASS raster map to a PPM image file.
653
654       r.out.ppm3                                                   Converts 3 GRASS raster layers (R,G,B) to a PPM image file.
655
656       r.out.vrml                                                   Exports  a  raster  map to the Virtual Reality Modeling Lan‐
657                                                                    guage (VRML).
658
659       r.out.vtk                                                    Converts raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
660
661
662       r.out.xyz                                                    Exports a raster map to a text file as x,y,z values based on
663                                                                    cell centers.
664
665       r.pack                                                       Exports a raster map as GRASS GIS specific archive file
666
667       r.param.scale                                                Extracts terrain parameters from a DEM.
668
669       r.patch                                                      Creates a composite raster map layer by using known category
670                                                                    values from one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in  areas  of
671                                                                    "no data" in another map layer.
672
673       r.plane                                                      Creates  raster  plane  map  given dip (inclination), aspect
674                                                                    (azimuth) and one point.
675
676       r.profile                                                    Outputs the raster map layer values  lying  on  user-defined
677                                                                    line(s).
678
679       r.proj                                                       Re-projects  a raster map from given location to the current
680                                                                    location.
681
682       r.quant                                                      Produces the quantization file for a floating-point map.
683
684       r.quantile                                                   Compute quantiles using two passes.
685
686       r.random.cells                                               Generates random cell values with spatial dependence.
687
688       r.random                                                     Creates a raster map layer and vector point  map  containing
689                                                                    randomly located points.
690
691       r.random.surface                                             Generates random surface(s) with spatial dependence.
692
693       r.reclass.area                                               Reclasses  a  raster map greater or less than user specified
694                                                                    area size (in hectares).
695
696       r.reclass                                                    Reclassify raster map based on category values.
697
698       r.recode                                                     Recodes categorical raster maps.
699
700       r.region                                                     Sets the boundary definitions for a raster map.
701
702       r.regression.line                                            Calculates linear regression from two raster maps: y =  a  +
703                                                                    b*x.
704
705       r.regression.multi                                           Calculates multiple linear regression from raster maps.
706
707       r.relief                                                     Creates shaded relief map from an elevation map (DEM).
708
709       r.report                                                     Reports statistics for raster maps.
710
711       r.resamp.bspline                                             Performs  bilinear  or  bicubic  spline  interpolation  with
712                                                                    Tykhonov regularization.
713
714       r.resamp.filter                                              Resamples raster map layers using an analytic kernel.
715
716       r.resamp.interp                                              Resamples raster map to a finer grid using interpolation.
717
718       r.resamp.rst                                                 Reinterpolates and optionally computes topographic  analysis
719                                                                    from  input  raster  map  to a new raster map (possibly with
720                                                                    different resolution) using regularized spline with  tension
721                                                                    and smoothing.
722
723       r.resamp.stats                                               Resamples raster map layers to a coarser grid using aggrega‐
724                                                                    tion.
725
726
727
728       r.resample                                                   GRASS raster map layer data resampling capability.
729
730       r.rescale.eq                                                 Rescales histogram equalized the range of category values in
731                                                                    a raster map layer.
732
733       r.rescale                                                    Rescales the range of category values in a raster map layer.
734
735       r.rgb                                                        Splits a raster map into red, green and blue maps.
736
737       r.ros                                                        Generates rate of spread raster maps.
738
739       r.series.accumulate                                          Makes  each  output cell value a accumulationfunction of the
740                                                                    values assigned to the  corresponding  cells  in  the  input
741                                                                    raster map layers.
742
743       r.series                                                     Makes  each  output  cell  value  a  function  of the values
744                                                                    assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster  map
745                                                                    layers.
746
747       r.series.interp                                              Interpolates  raster  maps  located (temporal or spatial) in
748                                                                    between input raster maps at specific sampling positions.
749
750       r.shade                                                      Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
751
752       r.sim.sediment                                               Sediment transport and erosion/deposition  simulation  using
753                                                                    path sampling method (SIMWE).
754
755       r.sim.water                                                  Overland  flow  hydrologic  simulation  using  path sampling
756                                                                    method (SIMWE).
757
758       r.slope.aspect                                               Generates raster maps of slope, aspect, curvatures and  par‐
759                                                                    tial derivatives from an elevation raster map.
760
761       r.solute.transport                                           Numerical  calculation  program  for transient, confined and
762                                                                    unconfined solute transport in two dimensions
763
764       r.spread                                                     Simulates elliptically anisotropic spread.
765
766       r.spreadpath                                                 Recursively traces the least cost path  backwards  to  cells
767                                                                    from which the cumulative cost was determined.
768
769       r.statistics                                                 Calculates category or object oriented statistics.
770
771       r.stats                                                      Generates area statistics for raster map.
772
773       r.stats.quantile                                             Compute category quantiles using two passes.
774
775       r.stats.zonal                                                Calculates category or object oriented statistics (accumula‐
776                                                                    tor-based statistics).
777
778       r.stream.extract                                             Performs stream network extraction.
779
780       r.sun                                                        Solar irradiance and irradiation model.
781
782       r.sunhours                                                   Calculates solar elevation, solar azimuth, and sun hours.
783
784       r.sunmask                                                    Calculates cast shadow areas from sun position and elevation
785                                                                    raster map.
786
787       r.support                                                    Allows creation and/or modification of raster map layer sup‐
788                                                                    port files.
789
790       r.support.stats                                              Update raster map statistics
791
792
793
794       r.surf.area                                                  Prints estimation of surface area for raster map.
795
796       r.surf.contour                                               Generates surface raster map from rasterized contours.
797
798       r.surf.fractal                                               Creates a fractal surface of a given fractal dimension.
799
800       r.surf.gauss                                                 Generates a raster map using gaussian random number  genera‐
801                                                                    tor.
802
803       r.surf.idw                                                   Provides  surface  interpolation  from  raster point data by
804                                                                    Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
805
806       r.surf.random                                                Produces a raster surface map  of  uniform  random  deviates
807                                                                    with defined range.
808
809       r.terraflow                                                  Performs flow computation for massive grids.
810
811       r.texture                                                    Generate images with textural features from a raster map.
812
813       r.thin                                                       Thins non-null cells that denote linear features in a raster
814                                                                    map layer.
815
816       r.tile                                                       Splits a raster map into tiles.
817
818       r.tileset                                                    Produces tilings of the source projection  for  use  in  the
819                                                                    destination region and projection.
820
821       r.timestamp                                                  Modifies a timestamp for a raster map.
822
823       r.to.rast3                                                   Converts 2D raster map slices to one 3D raster volume map.
824
825       r.to.rast3elev                                               Creates  a  3D  volume  map  based on 2D elevation and value
826                                                                    raster maps.
827
828       r.to.vect                                                    Converts a raster map into a vector map.
829
830       r.topidx                                                     Creates a topographic index (wetness index) raster map  from
831                                                                    an elevation raster map.
832
833       r.topmodel                                                   Simulates  TOPMODEL  which  is a physically based hydrologic
834                                                                    model.
835
836       r.transect                                                   Outputs raster map layer values  lying  along  user  defined
837                                                                    transect line(s).
838
839       r.univar                                                     Calculates  univariate statistics from the non-null cells of
840                                                                    a raster map.
841
842       r.unpack                                                     Imports a GRASS GIS specific  raster  archive  file  (packed
843                                                                    with r.pack) as a raster map
844
845       r.uslek                                                      Computes USLE Soil Erodibility Factor (K).
846
847       r.usler                                                      Computes USLE R factor, Rainfall erosivity index.
848
849       r.viewshed                                                   Computes the viewshed of a point on an elevation raster map.
850
851       r.volume                                                     Calculates the volume of data "clumps".
852
853       r.walk                                                       Creates a raster map showing the anisotropic cumulative cost
854                                                                    of moving between different geographic locations on an input
855                                                                    raster map whose cell category values represent cost.
856
857       r.water.outlet                                               Creates watershed basins from a drainage direction map.
858
859
860       r.watershed                                                  Calculates hydrological parameters and RUSLE factors.
861
862       r.what.color                                                 Queries colors for a raster map layer.
863
864       r.what                                                       Queries  raster  maps  on their category values and category
865                                                                    labels.
866
867
868   3d raster commands (r3.*)
869       r3.colors                                                    Creates/modifies the color table associated with a 3D raster
870                                                                    map.
871
872       r3.colors.out                                                Exports the color table associated with a 3D raster map.
873
874       r3.cross.rast                                                Creates cross section 2D raster map from 3D raster map based
875                                                                    on 2D elevation map
876
877       r3.flow                                                      Computes 3D flow lines and 3D flow accumulation.
878
879       r3.gradient                                                  Computes gradient of a 3D raster map  and  outputs  gradient
880                                                                    components as three 3D raster maps.
881
882       r3.gwflow                                                    Numerical   calculation   program  for  transient,  confined
883                                                                    groundwater flow in three dimensions.
884
885       r3.in.ascii                                                  Converts a 3D ASCII raster text  file  into  a  (binary)  3D
886                                                                    raster map.
887
888       r3.in.bin                                                    Imports a binary raster file into a GRASS 3D raster map.
889
890       r3.in.lidar                                                  Creates a 3D raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univari‐
891                                                                    ate statistics.
892
893       r3.in.v5d                                                    Import 3-dimensional Vis5D files.
894
895       r3.in.xyz                                                    Create a 3D raster map from an assemblage  of  many  coordi‐
896                                                                    nates using univariate statistics
897
898       r3.info                                                      Outputs  basic  information about a user-specified 3D raster
899                                                                    map layer.
900
901       r3.mapcalc                                                   Raster map calculator.
902
903       r3.mask                                                      Establishes the current working 3D raster mask.
904
905       r3.mkdspf                                                    Creates a display  file  from  an  existing  3D  raster  map
906                                                                    according to specified threshold levels.
907
908       r3.neighbors                                                 Makes  each voxel value a function of the values assigned to
909                                                                    the voxels around it, and stores new voxel values in an out‐
910                                                                    put 3D raster map
911
912       r3.null                                                      Explicitly create the 3D NULL-value bitmap file.
913
914       r3.out.ascii                                                 Converts a 3D raster map layer into a ASCII text file.
915
916       r3.out.bin                                                   Exports a GRASS 3D raster map to a binary array.
917
918       r3.out.netcdf                                                Export a 3D raster map as netCDF file.
919
920       r3.out.v5d                                                   Exports GRASS 3D raster map to 3-dimensional Vis5D file.
921
922       r3.out.vtk                                                   Converts 3D raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
923
924
925
926       r3.retile                                                    Retiles an existing 3D raster map with user defined x, y and
927                                                                    z tile size.
928
929       r3.stats                                                     Generates volume statistics for 3D raster maps.
930
931       r3.support                                                   Allows creation and/or modification of 3D raster  map  layer
932                                                                    support files.
933
934       r3.timestamp                                                 Modifies a timestamp for a 3D raster map.
935
936       r3.to.rast                                                   Converts 3D raster maps to 2D raster maps
937
938       r3.univar                                                    Calculates  univariate statistics from the non-null cells of
939                                                                    a 3D raster map.
940
941
942   Temporal commands (t.*)
943       t.connect                                                    Prints/sets general temporal  GIS  database  connection  for
944                                                                    current mapset.
945
946       t.create                                                     Creates a space time dataset.
947
948       t.info                                                       Lists information about space time datasets and maps.
949
950       t.list                                                       Lists  space time datasets and maps registered in the tempo‐
951                                                                    ral database.
952
953       t.merge                                                      Merges several space time datasets into a single space  time
954                                                                    dataset.
955
956       t.rast.accdetect                                             Detects  accumulation  patterns  in  temporally  accumulated
957                                                                    space time raster datasets created by t.rast.accumulate.
958
959       t.rast.accumulate                                            Computes  cyclic  accumulations  of  a  space  time   raster
960                                                                    dataset.
961
962       t.rast.aggregate.ds                                          Aggregates  data  of  an  existing space time raster dataset
963                                                                    using the time intervals of a second space time dataset.
964
965       t.rast.aggregate                                             Aggregates temporally  the  maps  of  a  space  time  raster
966                                                                    dataset by a user defined granularity.
967
968       t.rast.algebra                                               Apply  temporal  and spatial operations on space time raster
969                                                                    datasets using temporal raster algebra.
970
971       t.rast.colors                                                Creates/modifies the color table associated with each raster
972                                                                    map of the space time raster dataset.
973
974       t.rast.contour                                               Produces  a  space time vector dataset of specified contours
975                                                                    from a space time raster dataset.
976
977       t.rast.export                                                Exports space time raster dataset.
978
979       t.rast.extract                                               Extracts a subset of a space time raster datasets.
980
981       t.rast.gapfill                                               Replaces gaps in a space time raster dataset  with  interpo‐
982                                                                    lated raster maps.
983
984       t.rast.import                                                Imports space time raster dataset.
985
986       t.rast.list                                                  Lists registered maps of a space time raster dataset.
987
988       t.rast.mapcalc                                               Performs  spatio-temporal  mapcalc expressions on temporally
989                                                                    sampled maps of space time raster datasets.
990
991
992       t.rast.neighbors                                             Performs a neighborhood analysis for each  map  in  a  space
993                                                                    time raster dataset.
994
995       t.rast.out.vtk                                               Exports space time raster dataset as VTK time series.
996
997       t.rast.series                                                Performs  different  aggregation algorithms from r.series on
998                                                                    all or a subset of  raster  maps  in  a  space  time  raster
999                                                                    dataset.
1000
1001       t.rast.to.rast3                                              Converts a space time raster dataset into a 3D raster map.
1002
1003       t.rast.to.vect                                               Converts  a space time raster dataset into a space time vec‐
1004                                                                    tor dataset
1005
1006       t.rast.univar                                                Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for
1007                                                                    each registered raster map of a space time raster dataset.
1008
1009       t.rast.what                                                  Sample  a space time raster dataset at specific vector point
1010                                                                    coordinates and write the output to stdout  using  different
1011                                                                    layouts
1012
1013       t.rast3d.algebra                                             Apply  temporal  and  spatial  operations  on  space time 3D
1014                                                                    raster datasets using temporal 3D raster algebra.
1015
1016       t.rast3d.extract                                             Extracts a subset of a space time 3D raster dataset.
1017
1018       t.rast3d.list                                                Lists registered maps of a space time raster3d dataset.
1019
1020       t.rast3d.mapcalc                                             Performs r3.mapcalc expressions on  maps  of  sampled  space
1021                                                                    time 3D raster datasets.
1022
1023       t.rast3d.univar                                              Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for
1024                                                                    each registered 3D raster map of  a  space  time  3D  raster
1025                                                                    dataset.
1026
1027       t.register                                                   Assigns timestamps and registers raster, vector and raster3d
1028                                                                    maps in a space time dataset.
1029
1030       t.remove                                                     Removes space time datasets from temporal database.
1031
1032       t.rename                                                     Renames a space time dataset
1033
1034       t.sample                                                     Samples the input space time dataset(s) with a sample  space
1035                                                                    time dataset and print the result to stdout.
1036
1037       t.select                                                     Select  maps  from  space time datasets by topological rela‐
1038                                                                    tionships to other space time datasets using temporal  alge‐
1039                                                                    bra.
1040
1041       t.shift                                                      Shifts temporally the maps of a space time dataset.
1042
1043       t.snap                                                       Snaps temporally the maps of a space time dataset.
1044
1045       t.support                                                    Modifies the metadata of a space time dataset.
1046
1047       t.topology                                                   Lists temporal topology of a space time dataset.
1048
1049       t.unregister                                                 Unregisters raster, vector and raster3d maps from the tempo‐
1050                                                                    ral database or a specific space time dataset.
1051
1052       t.vect.algebra                                               Apply temporal and spatial operations on space  time  vector
1053                                                                    datasets using temporal vector algebra.
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058       t.vect.db.select                                             Prints  attributes of vector maps registered in a space time
1059                                                                    vector dataset.
1060
1061       t.vect.export                                                Exports a space time vector dataset as  GRASS  GIS  specific
1062                                                                    archive file.
1063
1064       t.vect.extract                                               Extracts a subset of a space time vector dataset.
1065
1066       t.vect.import                                                Imports  a  space  time vector dataset from a GRASS GIS spe‐
1067                                                                    cific archive file.
1068
1069       t.vect.list                                                  Lists registered maps of a space time vector dataset.
1070
1071       t.vect.observe.strds                                         Observes specific locations in a space time  raster  dataset
1072                                                                    over a period of time using vector points.
1073
1074       t.vect.univar                                                Calculates univariate statistics of attributes for each reg‐
1075                                                                    istered vector map of a space time vector dataset
1076
1077       t.vect.what.strds                                            Stores raster map values at spatial and  temporal  positions
1078                                                                    of vector points as vector attributes.
1079
1080
1081   Test commands (test.*)
1082       test.r3flow                                                  Testing flow lines.
1083
1084       test.raster3d.lib                                            Performs unit and integration tests for the raster3d library
1085
1086
1087   Vector commands (v.*)
1088       v.buffer                                                     Creates a buffer around vector features of given type.
1089
1090       v.build.all                                                  Rebuilds topology on all vector maps in the current mapset.
1091
1092       v.build                                                      Creates topology for vector map.
1093
1094       v.build.polylines                                            Builds polylines from lines or boundaries.
1095
1096       v.category                                                   Attaches, deletes or reports vector categories to map geome‐
1097                                                                    try.
1098
1099       v.centroids                                                  Adds missing centroids to closed boundaries.
1100
1101       v.class                                                      Classifies attribute data, e.g. for thematic mapping
1102
1103       v.clean                                                      Toolset for cleaning topology of vector map.
1104
1105       v.clip                                                       Extracts features of input map  which  overlay  features  of
1106                                                                    clip map.
1107
1108       v.cluster                                                    Performs cluster identification.
1109
1110       v.colors                                                     Creates/modifies  the  color  table associated with a vector
1111                                                                    map.
1112
1113       v.colors.out                                                 Exports the color table associated with a vector map.
1114
1115       v.db.addcolumn                                               Adds one or more columns to the attribute table connected to
1116                                                                    a given vector map.
1117
1118       v.db.addtable                                                Creates  and connects a new attribute table to a given layer
1119                                                                    of an existing vector map.
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124       v.db.connect                                                 Prints/sets DB connection for a vector map to attribute  ta‐
1125                                                                    ble.
1126
1127       v.db.dropcolumn                                              Drops a column from the attribute table connected to a given
1128                                                                    vector map.
1129
1130       v.db.droprow                                                 Removes a vector feature from a vector map through attribute
1131                                                                    selection.
1132
1133       v.db.droptable                                               Removes existing attribute table of a vector map.
1134
1135       v.db.join                                                    Joins a database table to a vector map table.
1136
1137       v.db.reconnect.all                                           Reconnects  attribute  tables  for  all vector maps from the
1138                                                                    current mapset to a new database.
1139
1140       v.db.renamecolumn                                            Renames a column in the attribute table connected to a given
1141                                                                    vector map.
1142
1143       v.db.select                                                  Prints vector map attributes.
1144
1145       v.db.univar                                                  Calculates  univariate  statistics  on selected table column
1146                                                                    for a GRASS vector map.
1147
1148       v.db.update                                                  Updates a column in the attribute table connected to a  vec‐
1149                                                                    tor map.
1150
1151       v.decimate                                                   Decimates a point cloud
1152
1153       v.delaunay                                                   Creates  a  Delaunay  triangulation from an input vector map
1154                                                                    containing points or centroids.
1155
1156       v.dissolve                                                   Dissolves boundaries between adjacent areas sharing a common
1157                                                                    category number or attribute.
1158
1159       v.distance                                                   Finds the nearest element in vector map ’to’ for elements in
1160                                                                    vector map ’from’.
1161
1162       v.drape                                                      Converts 2D vector features to 3D by sampling  of  elevation
1163                                                                    raster map.
1164
1165       v.edit                                                       Edits  a  vector  map, allows adding, deleting and modifying
1166                                                                    selected vector features.
1167
1168       v.external                                                   Creates a new pseudo-vector map as a  link  to  an  OGR-sup‐
1169                                                                    ported layer or a PostGIS feature table.
1170
1171       v.external.out                                               Defines vector output format.
1172
1173       v.extract                                                    Selects vector features from an existing vector map and cre‐
1174                                                                    ates a new vector map containing only the selected features.
1175
1176       v.extrude                                                    Extrudes flat vector features to  3D  vector  features  with
1177                                                                    defined height.
1178
1179       v.generalize                                                 Performs vector based generalization.
1180
1181       v.hull                                                       Produces a 2D/3D convex hull for a given vector map.
1182
1183       v.import                                                     Imports  vector  data  into  a  GRASS  vector  map using OGR
1184                                                                    library and reprojects on the fly.
1185
1186       v.in.ascii                                                   Creates a vector map from an ASCII points file or ASCII vec‐
1187                                                                    tor file.
1188
1189
1190       v.in.db                                                      Creates new vector (points) map from database table contain‐
1191                                                                    ing coordinates.
1192
1193       v.in.dxf                                                     Converts file in DXF format to GRASS vector map.
1194
1195       v.in.e00                                                     Imports E00 file into a vector map.
1196
1197       v.in.geonames                                                Imports geonames.org country files into a vector points map.
1198
1199       v.in.lidar                                                   Converts LAS LiDAR point clouds to a GRASS vector  map  with
1200                                                                    libLAS.
1201
1202       v.in.lines                                                   Imports ASCII x,y[,z] coordinates as a series of lines.
1203
1204       v.in.mapgen                                                  Imports Mapgen or Matlab-ASCII vector maps into GRASS.
1205
1206       v.in.ogr                                                     Imports  vector  data  into  a  GRASS  vector  map using OGR
1207                                                                    library.
1208
1209       v.in.region                                                  Creates a vector polygon from the current region extent.
1210
1211       v.in.wfs                                                     Imports GetFeature from a WFS server.
1212
1213       v.info                                                       Outputs basic information about a vector map.
1214
1215       v.kcv                                                        Randomly partition points into test/train sets.
1216
1217       v.kernel                                                     Generates a raster density map from vector points map.
1218
1219       v.label                                                      Creates  paint  labels  for  a  vector  map  from   attached
1220                                                                    attributes.
1221
1222       v.label.sa                                                   Create optimally placed labels for vector map(s)
1223
1224       v.lidar.correction                                           Corrects  the  v.lidar.growing output. It is the last of the
1225                                                                    three algorithms for LIDAR filtering.
1226
1227       v.lidar.edgedetection                                        Detects the object’s edges from a LIDAR data set.
1228
1229       v.lidar.growing                                              Building contour determination and Region Growing  algorithm
1230                                                                    for determining the building inside
1231
1232       v.lrs.create                                                 Creates a linear reference system.
1233
1234       v.lrs.label                                                  Creates  stationing  from  input lines, and linear reference
1235                                                                    system.
1236
1237       v.lrs.segment                                                Creates points/segments from input lines,  linear  reference
1238                                                                    system and positions read from stdin or a file.
1239
1240       v.lrs.where                                                  Finds  line id and real km+offset for given points in vector
1241                                                                    map using linear reference system.
1242
1243       v.mkgrid                                                     Creates a vector map of a user-defined grid.
1244
1245       v.neighbors                                                  Neighborhood analysis tool for vector point maps.
1246
1247       v.net.alloc                                                  Allocates subnets for nearest centers.
1248
1249       v.net.allpairs                                               Computes the shortest path between all pairs of nodes in the
1250                                                                    network.
1251
1252       v.net.bridge                                                 Computes bridges and articulation points in the network.
1253
1254
1255
1256       v.net.centrality                                             Computes   degree,  centrality,  betweeness,  closeness  and
1257                                                                    eigenvector centrality measures in the network.
1258
1259       v.net.components                                             Computes strongly and weakly  connected  components  in  the
1260                                                                    network.
1261
1262       v.net.connectivity                                           Computes  vertex  connectivity  between two sets of nodes in
1263                                                                    the network.
1264
1265       v.net.distance                                               Computes shortest distance via the network between the given
1266                                                                    sets of features.
1267
1268       v.net.flow                                                   Computes  the  maximum flow between two sets of nodes in the
1269                                                                    network.
1270
1271       v.net                                                        Performs network maintenance.
1272
1273       v.net.iso                                                    Splits subnets for nearest centers by cost isolines.
1274
1275       v.net.path                                                   Finds shortest path on vector network.
1276
1277       v.net.salesman                                               Creates a cycle connecting given nodes  (Traveling  salesman
1278                                                                    problem).
1279
1280       v.net.spanningtree                                           Computes minimum spanning tree for the network.
1281
1282       v.net.steiner                                                Creates Steiner tree for the network and given terminals.
1283
1284       v.net.timetable                                              Finds shortest path using timetables.
1285
1286       v.net.visibility                                             Performs visibility graph construction.
1287
1288       v.normal                                                     Tests for normality for vector points.
1289
1290       v.out.ascii                                                  Exports a vector map to a GRASS ASCII vector representation.
1291
1292       v.out.dxf                                                    Exports vector map to DXF file format.
1293
1294       v.out.lidar                                                  Exports vector points as LAS point cloud
1295
1296       v.out.ogr                                                    Exports  a vector map layer to any of the supported OGR vec‐
1297                                                                    tor formats.
1298
1299       v.out.postgis                                                Exports a vector map layer to PostGIS feature table.
1300
1301       v.out.pov                                                    Converts GRASS x,y,z points to POV-Ray x,z,y format.
1302
1303       v.out.svg                                                    Exports a vector map to SVG file.
1304
1305       v.out.vtk                                                    Converts a vector map to VTK ASCII output.
1306
1307       v.outlier                                                    Removes outliers from vector point data.
1308
1309       v.overlay                                                    Overlays two vector maps offering clip,  intersection,  dif‐
1310                                                                    ference, symmetrical difference, union operators.
1311
1312       v.pack                                                       Exports a vector map as GRASS GIS specific archive file
1313
1314       v.parallel                                                   Creates parallel line to input vector lines.
1315
1316       v.patch                                                      Creates a new vector map by combining other vector maps.
1317
1318       v.perturb                                                    Random location perturbations of vector points.
1319
1320
1321
1322       v.profile                                                    Vector map profiling tool
1323
1324       v.proj                                                       Re-projects  a  vector  map from one location to the current
1325                                                                    location.
1326
1327       v.qcount                                                     Indices for quadrat counts of vector point lists.
1328
1329       v.random                                                     Generates random 2D/3D vector points.
1330
1331       v.rast.stats                                                 Calculates univariate statistics from a raster map based  on
1332                                                                    a  vector  map  and uploads statistics to new attribute col‐
1333                                                                    umns.
1334
1335       v.reclass                                                    Changes vector category values for an  existing  vector  map
1336                                                                    according  to results of SQL queries or a value in attribute
1337                                                                    table column.
1338
1339       v.rectify                                                    Rectifies a vector by computing a coordinate  transformation
1340                                                                    for each object in the vector based on the control points.
1341
1342       v.report                                                     Reports geometry statistics for vector maps.
1343
1344       v.sample                                                     Samples a raster map at vector point locations.
1345
1346       v.segment                                                    Creates  points/segments  from  input vector lines and posi‐
1347                                                                    tions.
1348
1349       v.select                                                     Selects features from vector map (A) by features from  other
1350                                                                    vector map (B).
1351
1352       v.split                                                      Splits vector lines to shorter segments.
1353
1354       v.support                                                    Updates vector map metadata.
1355
1356       v.surf.bspline                                               Performs  bicubic  or  bilinear  spline  interpolation  with
1357                                                                    Tykhonov regularization.
1358
1359       v.surf.idw                                                   Provides surface interpolation from  vector  point  data  by
1360                                                                    Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
1361
1362       v.surf.rst                                                   Performs  surface  interpolation  from  vector points map by
1363                                                                    splines.
1364
1365       v.timestamp                                                  Modifies a timestamp for a vector map.
1366
1367       v.to.3d                                                      Performs transformation of 2D vector features to 3D.
1368
1369       v.to.db                                                      Populates attribute values from vector features.
1370
1371       v.to.lines                                                   Converts vector polygons or points to lines.
1372
1373       v.to.points                                                  Creates points along input lines in new vector  map  with  2
1374                                                                    layers.
1375
1376       v.to.rast                                                    Converts (rasterize) a vector map into a raster map.
1377
1378       v.to.rast3                                                   Converts a vector map (only points) into a 3D raster map.
1379
1380       v.transform                                                  Performs  an affine transformation (shift, scale and rotate)
1381                                                                    on vector map.
1382
1383       v.type                                                       Changes type of vector features.
1384
1385       v.univar                                                     Calculates univariate statistics of vector map features.
1386
1387
1388       v.unpack                                                     Imports a GRASS GIS specific  vector  archive  file  (packed
1389                                                                    with v.pack) as a vector map
1390
1391       v.vect.stats                                                 Count  points  in  areas,  calculate  statistics  from point
1392                                                                    attributes.
1393
1394       v.vol.rst                                                    Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using regularized
1395                                                                    spline with tension (RST) algorithm.
1396
1397       v.voronoi                                                    Creates  a Voronoi diagram constrained to the extents of the
1398                                                                    current region from an input vector map containing points or
1399                                                                    centroids.
1400
1401       v.what                                                       Queries a vector map at given locations.
1402
1403       v.what.rast                                                  Uploads  raster  values at positions of vector points to the
1404                                                                    table.
1405
1406       v.what.rast3                                                 Uploads 3D raster values at positions of  vector  points  to
1407                                                                    the table.
1408
1409       v.what.strds                                                 Uploads  space  time  raster  dataset values at positions of
1410                                                                    vector points to the table.
1411
1412       v.what.vect                                                  Uploads vector values at positions of vector points  to  the
1413                                                                    table.
1414
1415
1416       Main  index  |  Topics  index | Keywords index | Graphical index | Full
1417       index
1418
1419       © 2003-2019 GRASS Development Team, GRASS GIS 7.4.4 Reference Manual
1420
1421
1422
1423GRASS 7.4.4                                                      full_index(1)
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