1full_index(1) GRASS GIS User's Manual full_index(1)
2
6 Geographic Resources Analysis Support System, commonly referred to as
7 GRASS GIS, is a Geographic Information System (GIS) used for geospatial
8 data management and analysis, image processing, graphics/maps produc‐
9 tion, spatial modeling, and visualization. GRASS is currently used in
10 academic and commercial settings around the world, as well as by many
11 governmental agencies and environmental consulting companies.
12 This reference manual details the use of modules distributed with Geo‐
14 graphic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS), an open source (GNU
15 GPLed), image processing and geographic information system (GIS). Go
16 back to help overview
17 Display commands (d.*)
19 d.barscale Displays a barscale on the graphics monitor.
20 d.colorlist Outputs a list of all available display colors.
22 d.colortable Displays the color table associated with a raster map layer.
24 d.correlate Prints a graph of the correlation between raster maps (in
26 pairs).
27 d.erase Erases the contents of the active graphics display frame
29 with user defined color.
30 d.font Selects the font in which text will be displayed on the
32 user’s graphics monitor.
33 d.fontlist Lists the available fonts.
35 d.frame Manages display frames on the user’s graphics monitor.
37 d.geodesic Displays a geodesic line, tracing the shortest distance
39 between two geographic points along a great circle, in a
40 longitude/latitude data set.
41 d.graph Program for generating and displaying simple graphics on the
43 display monitor.
44 d.grid Overlays a user-specified grid in the active display frame
46 on the graphics monitor.
47 d.his Displays the result obtained by combining hue, intensity,
49 and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster
50 map layers.
51 d.histogram Displays a histogram in the form of a pie or bar chart for a
53 user-specified raster map.
54 d.info Displays information about the active display monitor.
56 d.labels Displays text labels (created with v.label) to the active
58 frame on the graphics monitor.
59 d.legend Displays a legend for a 2D or 3D raster map in the active
61 frame of the graphics monitor.
62 d.legend.vect Displays a vector legend in the active graphics frame.
64 d.linegraph Generates and displays simple line graphs in the active
69 graphics monitor display frame.
70 d.mon Controls graphics display monitors from the command line.
72 d.northarrow Displays a north arrow on the graphics monitor.
74 d.out.file Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a graph‐
76 ics file.
77 d.path Finds shortest path for selected starting and ending node.
79 d.polar Draws polar diagram of angle map such as aspect or flow
81 directions
82 d.profile Plots profile of a transect.
84 d.rast.arrow Draws arrows representing cell aspect direction for a raster
86 map containing aspect data.
87 d.rast.edit Edits cell values in a raster map.
89 d.rast Displays user-specified raster map in the active graphics
91 frame.
92 d.rast.leg Displays a raster map and its legend on a graphics window
94 d.rast.num Overlays cell category values on a raster map displayed in
96 the active graphics frame.
97 d.redraw Redraws the content of currently selected monitor.
99 d.rgb Displays three user-specified raster maps as red, green, and
101 blue overlays in the active graphics frame.
102 d.rhumbline Displays the rhumbline joining two longitude/latitude coor‐
104 dinates.
105 d.shade Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
107 d.text Draws text in the active display frame on the graphics moni‐
109 tor using the current font.
110 d.title Create a TITLE for a raster map in a form suitable for dis‐
112 play with d.text.
113 d.to.rast Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a raster
115 map.
116 d.vect.chart Displays charts of vector data in the active frame on the
118 graphics monitor.
119 d.vect Displays user-specified vector map in the active graphics
121 frame.
122 d.vect.thematic Displays a thematic vector map in the active graphics frame.
124 d.what.rast Allows the user to interactively query raster map layers at
126 user-selected locations.
127 d.what.vect Allows the user to interactively query vector map layers at
129 user-selected locations.
130 d.where Identifies the geographic coordinates associated with point
135 locations given in display coordinates.
136 Database commands (db.*)
139 db.columns List all columns for a given table.
140 db.connect Prints/sets general DB connection for current mapset.
142 db.copy Copy a table.
144 db.createdb Creates an empty database.
146 db.databases Lists all databases for a given driver and location.
148 db.describe Describes a table in detail.
150 db.drivers Lists all database drivers.
152 db.dropcolumn Drops a column from selected attribute table.
154 db.dropdb Removes an existing database.
156 db.droptable Drops an attribute table.
158 db.execute Executes any SQL statement.
160 db.in.ogr Imports attribute tables in various formats.
162 db.login Sets user/password for DB driver/database.
164 db.out.ogr Exports attribute tables into various formats.
166 db.select Selects data from attribute table.
168 db.tables Lists all tables for a given database.
170 db.test Test database driver, database must exist and set by db.con‐
172 nect.
173 db.univar Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column.
175 General commands (g.*)
178 g.access Controls access to the current mapset for other users on the
179 system.
180 g.cairocomp Overlays multiple X Pixmaps.
182 g.copy Copies available data files in the current mapset search
184 path to the user’s current mapset.
185 g.dirseps Internal GRASS utility for converting directory separator
187 characters.
188 g.extension.all Rebuilds or removes all locally installed GRASS Addons
190 extensions.
191 g.extension Maintains GRASS Addons extensions in local GRASS installa‐
193 tion.
194 g.filename Prints GRASS data base file names.
196 g.findetc Searches for GRASS support files.
198 g.findfile Searches for GRASS data base files and sets variables for
201 the shell.
202 g.gisenv Outputs and modifies the user’s current GRASS variable set‐
204 tings.
205 g.gui.animation Tool for animating a series of raster and vector maps or a
207 space time raster or vector dataset.
208 g.gui.datacatalog Tool for browsing, modifying and managing GRASS maps.
210 g.gui.dbmgr Launches graphical attribute table manager.
212 g.gui.gcp Georectifies a map and allows managing Ground Control
214 Points.
215 g.gui.gmodeler Graphical Modeler.
217 g.gui Launches a GRASS graphical user interface (GUI) session.
219 g.gui.iclass Tool for supervised classification of imagery data.
221 g.gui.image2target Georectifies a map and allows managing Ground Control Points
223 for 3D correction.
224 g.gui.mapswipe Interactively compares two maps by swiping a visibility bar.
226 g.gui.photo2image Corrects scanning distortions of a paper photo.
228 g.gui.psmap Tool for creating hardcopy map outputs.
230 g.gui.rlisetup Configuration tool for r.li modules.
232 g.gui.timeline Allows comparing temporal datasets by displaying their tem‐
234 poral extents in a plot.
235 g.gui.tplot Plots the values of temporal datasets.
237 g.gui.vdigit Interactive editing and digitization of vector maps.
239 g.list Lists available GRASS data base files of the user-specified
241 data type optionally using the search pattern.
242 g.manual Displays the manual pages of GRASS modules.
244 g.mapset Changes/reports current mapset.
246 g.mapsets Modifies/prints the user’s current mapset search path.
248 g.message Prints a message, warning, progress info, or fatal error in
250 the GRASS way.
251 g.mkfontcap Generates the font configuration file by scanning various
253 directories for fonts.
254 g.parser Provides automated parser, GUI, and help support for GRASS
256 scipts.
257 g.pnmcomp Overlays multiple PPM image files.
259 g.ppmtopng Converts between PPM/PGM and PNG image formats.
261 g.proj Prints or modifies GRASS projection information files (in
263 various co-ordinate system descriptions).
264 g.region Manages the boundary definitions for the geographic region.
267 g.remove Removes data base element files from the user’s current
269 mapset using the search pattern.
270 g.rename Renames data base element files in the user’s current
272 mapset.
273 g.search.modules Search in GRASS modules using keywords
275 g.tempfile Creates a temporary file and prints it’s file name.
277 g.version Displays GRASS GIS version info.
279 Imagery commands (i.*)
282 i.albedo Computes broad band albedo from surface reflectance.
283 i.aster.toar Calculates Top of Atmosphere Radiance/Reflectance/Brightness
285 Temperature from ASTER DN.
286 i.atcorr Performs atmospheric correction using the 6S algorithm.
288 i.biomass Computes biomass growth, precursor of crop yield calcula‐
290 tion.
291 i.cca Canonical components analysis (CCA) program for image pro‐
293 cessing.
294 i.cluster Generates spectral signatures for land cover types in an
296 image using a clustering algorithm.
297 i.colors.enhance Performs auto-balancing of colors for RGB images.
299 i.eb.eta Actual evapotranspiration for diurnal period (Bastiaanssen,
301 1995).
302 i.eb.evapfr Computes evaporative fraction and root zone soil moisture.
304 i.eb.hsebal01 Computes sensible heat flux iteration SEBAL 01.
306 i.eb.netrad Net radiation approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
308 i.eb.soilheatflux Soil heat flux approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
310 i.emissivity Computes emissivity from NDVI, generic method for sparse
312 land.
313 i.evapo.mh Computes evapotranspiration calculation modified or original
315 Hargreaves formulation, 2001.
316 i.evapo.pm Computes potential evapotranspiration calculation with
318 hourly Penman-Monteith.
319 i.evapo.pt Computes evapotranspiration calculation Priestley and Taylor
321 formulation, 1972.
322 i.evapo.time Computes temporal integration of satellite ET actual (ETa)
324 following the daily ET reference (ETo) from meteorological
325 station(s).
326 i.fft Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for image processing.
328 i.gensig Generates statistics for i.maxlik from raster map.
330 i.gensigset Generates statistics for i.smap from raster map.
333 i.group Creates, edits, and lists groups of imagery data.
335 i.his.rgb Transforms raster maps from HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation)
337 color space to RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space.
338 i.ifft Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) for image processing.
340 i.image.mosaic Mosaics several images and extends colormap.
342 i.in.spotvgt Imports SPOT VGT NDVI data into a raster map.
344 i.landsat.acca Performs Landsat TM/ETM+ Automatic Cloud Cover Assessment
346 (ACCA).
347 i.landsat.toar Calculates top-of-atmosphere radiance or reflectance and
349 temperature for Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI
350 i.maxlik Classifies the cell spectral reflectances in imagery data.
352 i.modis.qc Extracts quality control parameters from MODIS QC layers.
354 i.oif Calculates Optimum-Index-Factor table for spectral bands
356 i.ortho.camera Select and modify the imagery group camera reference file.
358 i.ortho.elev Select or modify the target elevation model.
360 i.ortho.init Interactively creates or modifies entries in a camera ini‐
362 tial exposure station file for imagery group referenced by a
363 sub-block.
364 i.ortho.photo Menu driver for the photo imagery programs.
366 i.ortho.rectify Orthorectifies an image by using the image to photo coordi‐
368 nate transformation matrix.
369 i.ortho.target Select or modify the imagery group target.
371 i.ortho.transform Computes a coordinate transformation based on the control
373 points.
374 i.pansharpen Image fusion algorithms to sharpen multispectral with
376 high-res panchromatic channels
377 i.pca Principal components analysis (PCA) for image processing.
379 i.rectify Rectifies an image by computing a coordinate transformation
381 for each pixel in the image based on the control points.
382 i.rgb.his Transforms raster maps from RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space
384 to HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space.
385 i.segment Identifies segments (objects) from imagery data.
387 i.smap Performs contextual image classification using sequential
389 maximum a posteriori (SMAP) estimation.
390 i.spectral Displays spectral response at user specified locations in
392 group or images.
393 i.target Targets an imagery group to a GRASS location and mapset.
395 i.tasscap Performs Tasseled Cap (Kauth Thomas) transformation.
399 i.topo.corr Computes topographic correction of reflectance.
401 i.vi Calculates different types of vegetation indices.
403 i.zc Zero-crossing "edge detection" raster function for image
405 processing.
406 Miscellaneous commands (m.*)
409 m.cogo A simple utility for converting bearing and distance mea‐
410 surements to coordinates and vice versa.
411 m.measure Measures the lengths and areas of features.
413 m.nviz.image Creates a 3D rendering of GIS data.
415 m.nviz.script Creates fly-through script to run in NVIZ.
417 m.proj Converts coordinates from one projection to another (cs2cs
419 frontend).
420 m.transform Computes a coordinate transformation based on the control
422 points.
423 PostScript commands (ps.*)
426 ps.map Produces hardcopy PostScript map output.
427 Raster commands (r.*)
430 r.basins.fill Generates watershed subbasins raster map.
431 r.blend Blends color components of two raster maps by a given ratio.
433 r.buffer Creates a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding cells
435 that contain non-NULL category values.
436 r.buffer.lowmem Creates a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding cells
438 that contain non-NULL category values.
439 r.buildvrt Build a VRT (Virtual Raster) from the list of input raster
441 maps.
442 r.carve Generates stream channels.
444 r.category Manages category values and labels associated with
446 user-specified raster map layers.
447 r.circle Creates a raster map containing concentric rings around a
449 given point.
450 r.clump Recategorizes data in a raster map by grouping cells that
452 form physically discrete areas into unique categories.
453 r.coin Tabulates the mutual occurrence (coincidence) of categories
455 for two raster map layers.
456 r.colors Creates/modifies the color table associated with a raster
458 map.
459 r.colors.out Exports the color table associated with a raster map.
461 r.colors.stddev Sets color rules based on stddev from a raster map’s mean
465 value.
466 r.composite Combines red, green and blue raster maps into a single com‐
468 posite raster map.
469 r.compress Compresses and decompresses raster maps.
471 r.contour Produces a vector map of specified contours from a raster
473 map.
474 r.cost Creates a raster map showing the cumulative cost of moving
476 between different geographic locations on an input raster
477 map whose cell category values represent cost.
478 r.covar Outputs a covariance/correlation matrix for user-specified
480 raster map layer(s).
481 r.cross Creates a cross product of the category values from multiple
483 raster map layers.
484 r.describe Prints terse list of category values found in a raster map
486 layer.
487 r.distance Locates the closest points between objects in two raster
489 maps.
490 r.drain Traces a flow through an elevation model or cost surface on
492 a raster map.
493 r.external Links GDAL supported raster data as a pseudo GRASS raster
495 map.
496 r.external.out Redirects raster output to file utilizing GDAL library
498 rather than storing in GRASS raster format.
499 r.fill.dir Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map and a
501 flow direction map from a given elevation raster map.
502 r.fill.stats Rapidly fills ’no data’ cells (NULLs) of a raster map with
504 interpolated values (IDW).
505 r.fillnulls Fills no-data areas in raster maps using spline interpola‐
507 tion.
508 r.flow Constructs flowlines.
510 r.geomorphon Calculates geomorphons (terrain forms) and associated geome‐
512 try using machine vision approach.
513 r.grow.distance Generates a raster map containing distances to nearest
515 raster features and/or the value of the nearest non-null
516 cell.
517 r.grow Generates a raster map layer with contiguous areas grown by
519 one cell.
520 r.gwflow Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and
522 unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
523 r.his Generates red, green and blue (RGB) raster map layers com‐
525 bining hue, intensity and saturation (HIS) values from
526 user-specified input raster map layers.
527 r.horizon Computes horizon angle height from a digital elevation
531 model.
532 r.import Imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using GDAL
534 library and reprojects on the fly.
535 r.in.ascii Converts a GRASS ASCII raster file to binary raster map.
537 r.in.aster Georeference, rectify, and import Terra-ASTER imagery and
539 relative DEMs using gdalwarp.
540 r.in.bin Import a binary raster file into a GRASS raster map layer.
542 r.in.gdal Imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using GDAL
544 library.
545 r.in.gridatb Imports GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL) into a GRASS raster
547 map.
548 r.in.mat Imports a binary MAT-File(v4) to a GRASS raster.
550 r.in.png Imports non-georeferenced PNG format image.
552 r.in.poly Creates raster maps from ASCII polygon/line/point data
554 files.
555 r.in.srtm Imports SRTM HGT files into raster map.
557 r.in.wms Downloads and imports data from OGC WMS and OGC WMTS web
559 mapping servers.
560 r.in.xyz Creates a raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates
562 using univariate statistics.
563 r.info Outputs basic information about a raster map.
565 r.kappa Calculates error matrix and kappa parameter for accuracy
567 assessment of classification result.
568 r.lake Fills lake at given point to given level.
570 r.latlong Creates a latitude/longitude raster map.
572 r.li.cwed Calculates contrast weighted edge density index on a raster
574 map
575 r.li.daemon Support module for r.li landscape index calculations.
577 r.li.dominance Calculates dominance’s diversity index on a raster map
579 r.li.edgedensity Calculates edge density index on a raster map, using a 4
581 neighbour algorithm
582 r.li Toolset for multiscale analysis of landscape structure
584 r.li.mpa Calculates mean pixel attribute index on a raster map
586 r.li.mps Calculates mean patch size index on a raster map, using a 4
588 neighbour algorithm
589 r.li.padcv Calculates coefficient of variation of patch area on a
591 raster map
592 r.li.padrange Calculates range of patch area size on a raster map
594 r.li.padsd Calculates standard deviation of patch area a raster map
597 r.li.patchdensity Calculates patch density index on a raster map, using a 4
599 neighbour algorithm
600 r.li.patchnum Calculates patch number index on a raster map, using a 4
602 neighbour algorithm.
603 r.li.pielou Calculates Pielou’s diversity index on a raster map
605 r.li.renyi Calculates Renyi’s diversity index on a raster map
607 r.li.richness Calculates richness index on a raster map
609 r.li.shannon Calculates Shannon’s diversity index on a raster map
611 r.li.shape Calculates shape index on a raster map
613 r.li.simpson Calculates Simpson’s diversity index on a raster map
615 r.mapcalc Raster map calculator.
617 r.mapcalc.simple Calculates a new raster map from a simple r.mapcalc expres‐
619 sion.
620 r.mask Creates a MASK for limiting raster operation.
622 r.mfilter Performs raster map matrix filter.
624 r.mode Finds the mode of values in a cover map within areas
626 assigned the same category value in a user-specified base
627 map.
628 r.neighbors Makes each cell category value a function of the category
630 values assigned to the cells around it, and stores new cell
631 values in an output raster map layer.
632 r.null Manages NULL-values of given raster map.
634 r.out.ascii Converts a raster map layer into a GRASS ASCII text file.
636 r.out.bin Exports a GRASS raster to a binary array.
638 r.out.gdal Exports GRASS raster maps into GDAL supported formats.
640 r.out.gridatb Exports GRASS raster map to GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL).
642 r.out.mat Exports a GRASS raster to a binary MAT-File.
644 r.out.mpeg Converts raster map series to MPEG movie.
646 r.out.png Export a GRASS raster map as a non-georeferenced PNG image.
648 r.out.pov Converts a raster map layer into a height-field file for
650 POV-Ray.
651 r.out.ppm Converts a GRASS raster map to a PPM image file.
653 r.out.ppm3 Converts 3 GRASS raster layers (R,G,B) to a PPM image file.
655 r.out.vrml Exports a raster map to the Virtual Reality Modeling Lan‐
657 guage (VRML).
658 r.out.vtk Converts raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
660 r.out.xyz Exports a raster map to a text file as x,y,z values based on
663 cell centers.
664 r.pack Exports a raster map as GRASS GIS specific archive file
666 r.param.scale Extracts terrain parameters from a DEM.
668 r.patch Creates a composite raster map layer by using known category
670 values from one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in areas of
671 "no data" in another map layer.
672 r.path Traces paths from starting points following input direc‐
674 tions.
675 r.plane Creates raster plane map given dip (inclination), aspect
677 (azimuth) and one point.
678 r.profile Outputs the raster map layer values lying on user-defined
680 line(s).
681 r.proj Re-projects a raster map from given location to the current
683 location.
684 r.quant Produces the quantization file for a floating-point map.
686 r.quantile Compute quantiles using two passes.
688 r.random.cells Generates random cell values with spatial dependence.
690 r.random Creates a raster map layer and vector point map containing
692 randomly located points.
693 r.random.surface Generates random surface(s) with spatial dependence.
695 r.reclass.area Reclasses a raster map greater or less than user specified
697 area size (in hectares).
698 r.reclass Reclassify raster map based on category values.
700 r.recode Recodes categorical raster maps.
702 r.region Sets the boundary definitions for a raster map.
704 r.regression.line Calculates linear regression from two raster maps: y = a +
706 b*x.
707 r.regression.multi Calculates multiple linear regression from raster maps.
709 r.relief Creates shaded relief map from an elevation map (DEM).
711 r.report Reports statistics for raster maps.
713 r.resamp.bspline Performs bilinear or bicubic spline interpolation with
715 Tykhonov regularization.
716 r.resamp.filter Resamples raster map layers using an analytic kernel.
718 r.resamp.interp Resamples raster map to a finer grid using interpolation.
720 r.resamp.rst Reinterpolates and optionally computes topographic analysis
722 from input raster map to a new raster map (possibly with
723 different resolution) using regularized spline with tension
724 and smoothing.
725 r.resamp.stats Resamples raster map layers to a coarser grid using aggrega‐
729 tion.
730 r.resample GRASS raster map layer data resampling capability.
732 r.rescale.eq Rescales histogram equalized the range of category values in
734 a raster map layer.
735 r.rescale Rescales the range of category values in a raster map layer.
737 r.rgb Splits a raster map into red, green and blue maps.
739 r.ros Generates rate of spread raster maps.
741 r.series.accumulate Makes each output cell value a accumulationfunction of the
743 values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input
744 raster map layers.
745 r.series Makes each output cell value a function of the values
747 assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map
748 layers.
749 r.series.interp Interpolates raster maps located (temporal or spatial) in
751 between input raster maps at specific sampling positions.
752 r.shade Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
754 r.sim.sediment Sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using
756 path sampling method (SIMWE).
757 r.sim.water Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling
759 method (SIMWE).
760 r.slope.aspect Generates raster maps of slope, aspect, curvatures and par‐
762 tial derivatives from an elevation raster map.
763 r.solute.transport Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and
765 unconfined solute transport in two dimensions
766 r.spread Simulates elliptically anisotropic spread.
768 r.spreadpath Recursively traces the least cost path backwards to cells
770 from which the cumulative cost was determined.
771 r.statistics Calculates category or object oriented statistics.
773 r.stats Generates area statistics for raster map.
775 r.stats.quantile Compute category quantiles using two passes.
777 r.stats.zonal Calculates category or object oriented statistics (accumula‐
779 tor-based statistics).
780 r.stream.extract Performs stream network extraction.
782 r.sun Solar irradiance and irradiation model.
784 r.sunhours Calculates solar elevation, solar azimuth, and sun hours.
786 r.sunmask Calculates cast shadow areas from sun position and elevation
788 raster map.
789 r.support Allows creation and/or modification of raster map layer sup‐
791 port files.
792 r.support.stats Update raster map statistics
795 r.surf.area Prints estimation of surface area for raster map.
797 r.surf.contour Generates surface raster map from rasterized contours.
799 r.surf.fractal Creates a fractal surface of a given fractal dimension.
801 r.surf.gauss Generates a raster map using gaussian random number genera‐
803 tor.
804 r.surf.idw Provides surface interpolation from raster point data by
806 Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
807 r.surf.random Produces a raster surface map of uniform random deviates
809 with defined range.
810 r.terraflow Performs flow computation for massive grids.
812 r.texture Generate images with textural features from a raster map.
814 r.thin Thins non-null cells that denote linear features in a raster
816 map layer.
817 r.tile Splits a raster map into tiles.
819 r.tileset Produces tilings of the source projection for use in the
821 destination region and projection.
822 r.timestamp Modifies a timestamp for a raster map.
824 r.to.rast3 Converts 2D raster map slices to one 3D raster volume map.
826 r.to.rast3elev Creates a 3D volume map based on 2D elevation and value
828 raster maps.
829 r.to.vect Converts a raster map into a vector map.
831 r.topidx Creates a topographic index (wetness index) raster map from
833 an elevation raster map.
834 r.topmodel Simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrologic
836 model.
837 r.transect Outputs raster map layer values lying along user defined
839 transect line(s).
840 r.univar Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells of
842 a raster map.
843 r.unpack Imports a GRASS GIS specific raster archive file (packed
845 with r.pack) as a raster map
846 r.uslek Computes USLE Soil Erodibility Factor (K).
848 r.usler Computes USLE R factor, Rainfall erosivity index.
850 r.viewshed Computes the viewshed of a point on an elevation raster map.
852 r.volume Calculates the volume of data "clumps".
854 r.walk Creates a raster map showing the anisotropic cumulative cost
856 of moving between different geographic locations on an input
857 raster map whose cell category values represent cost.
858 r.water.outlet Creates watershed basins from a drainage direction map.
861 r.watershed Calculates hydrological parameters and RUSLE factors.
863 r.what.color Queries colors for a raster map layer.
865 r.what Queries raster maps on their category values and category
867 labels.
868 3d raster commands (r3.*)
871 r3.colors Creates/modifies the color table associated with a 3D raster
872 map.
873 r3.colors.out Exports the color table associated with a 3D raster map.
875 r3.cross.rast Creates cross section 2D raster map from 3D raster map based
877 on 2D elevation map
878 r3.flow Computes 3D flow lines and 3D flow accumulation.
880 r3.gradient Computes gradient of a 3D raster map and outputs gradient
882 components as three 3D raster maps.
883 r3.gwflow Numerical calculation program for transient, confined
885 groundwater flow in three dimensions.
886 r3.in.ascii Converts a 3D ASCII raster text file into a (binary) 3D
888 raster map.
889 r3.in.bin Imports a binary raster file into a GRASS 3D raster map.
891 r3.in.v5d Import 3-dimensional Vis5D files.
893 r3.in.xyz Create a 3D raster map from an assemblage of many coordi‐
895 nates using univariate statistics
896 r3.info Outputs basic information about a user-specified 3D raster
898 map layer.
899 r3.mapcalc Raster map calculator.
901 r3.mask Establishes the current working 3D raster mask.
903 r3.mkdspf Creates a display file from an existing 3D raster map
905 according to specified threshold levels.
906 r3.neighbors Makes each voxel value a function of the values assigned to
908 the voxels around it, and stores new voxel values in an out‐
909 put 3D raster map
910 r3.null Explicitly create the 3D NULL-value bitmap file.
912 r3.out.ascii Converts a 3D raster map layer into a ASCII text file.
914 r3.out.bin Exports a GRASS 3D raster map to a binary array.
916 r3.out.netcdf Export a 3D raster map as netCDF file.
918 r3.out.v5d Exports GRASS 3D raster map to 3-dimensional Vis5D file.
920 r3.out.vtk Converts 3D raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
922 r3.retile Retiles an existing 3D raster map with user defined x, y and
927 z tile size.
928 r3.stats Generates volume statistics for 3D raster maps.
930 r3.support Allows creation and/or modification of 3D raster map layer
932 support files.
933 r3.timestamp Modifies a timestamp for a 3D raster map.
935 r3.to.rast Converts 3D raster maps to 2D raster maps
937 r3.univar Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells of
939 a 3D raster map.
940 Temporal commands (t.*)
943 t.connect Prints/sets general temporal GIS database connection for
944 current mapset.
945 t.create Creates a space time dataset.
947 t.info Lists information about space time datasets and maps.
949 t.list Lists space time datasets and maps registered in the tempo‐
951 ral database.
952 t.merge Merges several space time datasets into a single space time
954 dataset.
955 t.rast.accdetect Detects accumulation patterns in temporally accumulated
957 space time raster datasets created by t.rast.accumulate.
958 t.rast.accumulate Computes cyclic accumulations of a space time raster
960 dataset.
961 t.rast.aggregate.ds Aggregates data of an existing space time raster dataset
963 using the time intervals of a second space time dataset.
964 t.rast.aggregate Aggregates temporally the maps of a space time raster
966 dataset by a user defined granularity.
967 t.rast.algebra Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time raster
969 datasets using temporal raster algebra.
970 t.rast.colors Creates/modifies the color table associated with each raster
972 map of the space time raster dataset.
973 t.rast.contour Produces a space time vector dataset of specified contours
975 from a space time raster dataset.
976 t.rast.export Exports space time raster dataset.
978 t.rast.extract Extracts a subset of a space time raster datasets.
980 t.rast.gapfill Replaces gaps in a space time raster dataset with interpo‐
982 lated raster maps.
983 t.rast.import Imports space time raster dataset.
985 t.rast.list Lists registered maps of a space time raster dataset.
987 t.rast.mapcalc Performs spatio-temporal mapcalc expressions on temporally
989 sampled maps of space time raster datasets.
990 t.rast.neighbors Performs a neighborhood analysis for each map in a space
993 time raster dataset.
994 t.rast.out.vtk Exports space time raster dataset as VTK time series.
996 t.rast.series Performs different aggregation algorithms from r.series on
998 all or a subset of raster maps in a space time raster
999 dataset.
1000 t.rast.to.rast3 Converts a space time raster dataset into a 3D raster map.
1002 t.rast.to.vect Converts a space time raster dataset into a space time vec‐
1004 tor dataset
1005 t.rast.univar Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for
1007 each registered raster map of a space time raster dataset.
1008 t.rast.what Sample a space time raster dataset at specific vector point
1010 coordinates and write the output to stdout using different
1011 layouts
1012 t.rast3d.algebra Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time 3D
1014 raster datasets using temporal 3D raster algebra.
1015 t.rast3d.extract Extracts a subset of a space time 3D raster dataset.
1017 t.rast3d.list Lists registered maps of a space time raster3d dataset.
1019 t.rast3d.mapcalc Performs r3.mapcalc expressions on maps of sampled space
1021 time 3D raster datasets.
1022 t.rast3d.univar Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for
1024 each registered 3D raster map of a space time 3D raster
1025 dataset.
1026 t.register Assigns timestamps and registers raster, vector and raster3d
1028 maps in a space time dataset.
1029 t.remove Removes space time datasets from temporal database.
1031 t.rename Renames a space time dataset
1033 t.sample Samples the input space time dataset(s) with a sample space
1035 time dataset and print the result to stdout.
1036 t.select Select maps from space time datasets by topological rela‐
1038 tionships to other space time datasets using temporal alge‐
1039 bra.
1040 t.shift Shifts temporally the maps of a space time dataset.
1042 t.snap Snaps temporally the maps of a space time dataset.
1044 t.support Modifies the metadata of a space time dataset.
1046 t.topology Lists temporal topology of a space time dataset.
1048 t.unregister Unregisters raster, vector and raster3d maps from the tempo‐
1050 ral database or a specific space time dataset.
1051 t.vect.algebra Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time vector
1053 datasets using temporal vector algebra.
1054 t.vect.db.select Prints attributes of vector maps registered in a space time
1059 vector dataset.
1060 t.vect.export Exports a space time vector dataset as GRASS GIS specific
1062 archive file.
1063 t.vect.extract Extracts a subset of a space time vector dataset.
1065 t.vect.import Imports a space time vector dataset from a GRASS GIS spe‐
1067 cific archive file.
1068 t.vect.list Lists registered maps of a space time vector dataset.
1070 t.vect.observe.strds Observes specific locations in a space time raster dataset
1072 over a period of time using vector points.
1073 t.vect.univar Calculates univariate statistics of attributes for each reg‐
1075 istered vector map of a space time vector dataset
1076 t.vect.what.strds Stores raster map values at spatial and temporal positions
1078 of vector points as vector attributes.
1079 Test commands (test.*)
1082 test.r3flow Testing flow lines.
1083 test.raster3d.lib Performs unit and integration tests for the raster3d library
1085 Vector commands (v.*)
1088 v.buffer Creates a buffer around vector features of given type.
1089 v.build.all Rebuilds topology on all vector maps in the current mapset.
1091 v.build Creates topology for vector map.
1093 v.build.polylines Builds polylines from lines or boundaries.
1095 v.category Attaches, deletes or reports vector categories to/from/of
1097 map geometry.
1098 v.centroids Adds missing centroids to closed boundaries.
1100 v.class Classifies attribute data, e.g. for thematic mapping
1102 v.clean Toolset for cleaning topology of vector map.
1104 v.clip Extracts features of input map which overlay features of
1106 clip map.
1107 v.cluster Performs cluster identification.
1109 v.colors Creates/modifies the color table associated with a vector
1111 map.
1112 v.colors.out Exports the color table associated with a vector map.
1114 v.db.addcolumn Adds one or more columns to the attribute table connected to
1116 a given vector map.
1117 v.db.addtable Creates and connects a new attribute table to a given layer
1119 of an existing vector map.
1120 v.db.connect Prints/sets DB connection for a vector map to attribute ta‐
1125 ble.
1126 v.db.dropcolumn Drops a column from the attribute table connected to a given
1128 vector map.
1129 v.db.droprow Removes a vector feature from a vector map through attribute
1131 selection.
1132 v.db.droptable Removes existing attribute table of a vector map.
1134 v.db.join Joins a database table to a vector map table.
1136 v.db.reconnect.all Reconnects attribute tables for all vector maps from the
1138 current mapset to a new database.
1139 v.db.renamecolumn Renames a column in the attribute table connected to a given
1141 vector map.
1142 v.db.select Prints vector map attributes.
1144 v.db.univar Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column
1146 for a GRASS vector map.
1147 v.db.update Updates a column in the attribute table connected to a vec‐
1149 tor map.
1150 v.decimate Decimates a point cloud
1152 v.delaunay Creates a Delaunay triangulation from an input vector map
1154 containing points or centroids.
1155 v.dissolve Dissolves boundaries between adjacent areas sharing a common
1157 category number or attribute.
1158 v.distance Finds the nearest element in vector map ’to’ for elements in
1160 vector map ’from’.
1161 v.drape Converts 2D vector features to 3D by sampling of elevation
1163 raster map.
1164 v.edit Edits a vector map, allows adding, deleting and modifying
1166 selected vector features.
1167 v.external Creates a new pseudo-vector map as a link to an OGR-sup‐
1169 ported layer or a PostGIS feature table.
1170 v.external.out Defines vector output format.
1172 v.extract Selects vector features from an existing vector map and cre‐
1174 ates a new vector map containing only the selected features.
1175 v.extrude Extrudes flat vector features to 3D vector features with
1177 defined height.
1178 v.generalize Performs vector based generalization.
1180 v.hull Produces a 2D/3D convex hull for a given vector map.
1182 v.import Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map using OGR
1184 library and reprojects on the fly.
1185 v.in.ascii Creates a vector map from an ASCII points file or ASCII vec‐
1187 tor file.
1188 v.in.db Creates new vector (points) map from database table contain‐
1191 ing coordinates.
1192 v.in.dxf Converts file in DXF format to GRASS vector map.
1194 v.in.e00 Imports E00 file into a vector map.
1196 v.in.geonames Imports geonames.org country files into a vector points map.
1198 v.in.lines Imports ASCII x,y[,z] coordinates as a series of lines.
1200 v.in.mapgen Imports Mapgen or Matlab-ASCII vector maps into GRASS.
1202 v.in.ogr Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map using OGR
1204 library.
1205 v.in.pdal Converts LAS LiDAR point clouds to a GRASS vector map with
1207 PDAL.
1208 v.in.region Creates a vector polygon from the current region extent.
1210 v.in.wfs Imports GetFeature from a WFS server.
1212 v.info Outputs basic information about a vector map.
1214 v.kcv Randomly partition points into test/train sets.
1216 v.kernel Generates a raster density map from vector points map.
1218 v.label Creates paint labels for a vector map from attached
1220 attributes.
1221 v.label.sa Create optimally placed labels for vector map(s)
1223 v.lidar.correction Corrects the v.lidar.growing output. It is the last of the
1225 three algorithms for LIDAR filtering.
1226 v.lidar.edgedetection Detects the object’s edges from a LIDAR data set.
1228 v.lidar.growing Building contour determination and Region Growing algorithm
1230 for determining the building inside
1231 v.lrs.create Creates a linear reference system.
1233 v.lrs.label Creates stationing from input lines, and linear reference
1235 system.
1236 v.lrs.segment Creates points/segments from input lines, linear reference
1238 system and positions read from stdin or a file.
1239 v.lrs.where Finds line id and real km+offset for given points in vector
1241 map using linear reference system.
1242 v.mkgrid Creates a vector map of a user-defined grid.
1244 v.neighbors Neighborhood analysis tool for vector point maps.
1246 v.net.alloc Allocates subnets for nearest centers.
1248 v.net.allpairs Computes the shortest path between all pairs of nodes in the
1250 network.
1251 v.net.bridge Computes bridges and articulation points in the network.
1253 v.net.centrality Computes degree, centrality, betweeness, closeness and
1257 eigenvector centrality measures in the network.
1258 v.net.components Computes strongly and weakly connected components in the
1260 network.
1261 v.net.connectivity Computes vertex connectivity between two sets of nodes in
1263 the network.
1264 v.net.distance Computes shortest distance via the network between the given
1266 sets of features.
1267 v.net.flow Computes the maximum flow between two sets of nodes in the
1269 network.
1270 v.net Performs network maintenance.
1272 v.net.iso Splits subnets for nearest centers by cost isolines.
1274 v.net.path Finds shortest path on vector network.
1276 v.net.salesman Creates a cycle connecting given nodes (Traveling salesman
1278 problem).
1279 v.net.spanningtree Computes minimum spanning tree for the network.
1281 v.net.steiner Creates Steiner tree for the network and given terminals.
1283 v.net.timetable Finds shortest path using timetables.
1285 v.net.visibility Performs visibility graph construction.
1287 v.normal Tests for normality for vector points.
1289 v.out.ascii Exports a vector map to a GRASS ASCII vector representation.
1291 v.out.dxf Exports vector map to DXF file format.
1293 v.out.ogr Exports a vector map layer to any of the supported OGR vec‐
1295 tor formats.
1296 v.out.postgis Exports a vector map layer to PostGIS feature table.
1298 v.out.pov Converts GRASS x,y,z points to POV-Ray x,z,y format.
1300 v.out.svg Exports a vector map to SVG file.
1302 v.out.vtk Converts a vector map to VTK ASCII output.
1304 v.outlier Removes outliers from vector point data.
1306 v.overlay Overlays two vector maps offering clip, intersection, dif‐
1308 ference, symmetrical difference, union operators.
1309 v.pack Exports a vector map as GRASS GIS specific archive file
1311 v.parallel Creates parallel line to input vector lines.
1313 v.patch Creates a new vector map by combining other vector maps.
1315 v.perturb Random location perturbations of vector points.
1317 v.profile Vector map profiling tool
1319 v.proj Re-projects a vector map from one location to the current
1323 location.
1324 v.qcount Indices for quadrat counts of vector point lists.
1326 v.random Generates random 2D/3D vector points.
1328 v.rast.stats Calculates univariate statistics from a raster map based on
1330 a vector map and uploads statistics to new attribute col‐
1331 umns.
1332 v.reclass Changes vector category values for an existing vector map
1334 according to results of SQL queries or a value in attribute
1335 table column.
1336 v.rectify Rectifies a vector by computing a coordinate transformation
1338 for each object in the vector based on the control points.
1339 v.report Reports geometry statistics for vector maps.
1341 v.sample Samples a raster map at vector point locations.
1343 v.segment Creates points/segments from input vector lines and posi‐
1345 tions.
1346 v.select Selects features from vector map (A) by features from other
1348 vector map (B).
1349 v.split Splits vector lines to shorter segments.
1351 v.support Updates vector map metadata.
1353 v.surf.bspline Performs bicubic or bilinear spline interpolation with
1355 Tykhonov regularization.
1356 v.surf.idw Provides surface interpolation from vector point data by
1358 Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
1359 v.surf.rst Performs surface interpolation from vector points map by
1361 splines.
1362 v.timestamp Modifies a timestamp for a vector map.
1364 v.to.3d Performs transformation of 2D vector features to 3D.
1366 v.to.db Populates attribute values from vector features.
1368 v.to.lines Converts vector polygons or points to lines.
1370 v.to.points Creates points along input lines in new vector map with 2
1372 layers.
1373 v.to.rast Converts (rasterize) a vector map into a raster map.
1375 v.to.rast3 Converts a vector map (only points) into a 3D raster map.
1377 v.transform Performs an affine transformation (shift, scale and rotate)
1379 on vector map.
1380 v.type Changes type of vector features.
1382 v.univar Calculates univariate statistics of vector map features.
1384 v.unpack Imports a GRASS GIS specific vector archive file (packed
1389 with v.pack) as a vector map
1390 v.vect.stats Count points in areas, calculate statistics from point
1392 attributes.
1393 v.vol.rst Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using regularized
1395 spline with tension (RST) algorithm.
1396 v.voronoi Creates a Voronoi diagram constrained to the extents of the
1398 current region from an input vector map containing points or
1399 centroids.
1400 v.what Queries a vector map at given locations.
1402 v.what.rast Uploads raster values at positions of vector points to the
1404 table.
1405 v.what.rast3 Uploads 3D raster values at positions of vector points to
1407 the table.
1408 v.what.strds Uploads space time raster dataset values at positions of
1410 vector points to the table.
1411 v.what.vect Uploads vector values at positions of vector points to the
1413 table.
1414 Main index | Topics index | Keywords index | Graphical index | Full
1417 index
1418 © 2003-2020 GRASS Development Team, GRASS GIS 7.8.5 Reference Manual
1420GRASS 7.8.5 full_index(1)