1PERLDIAG(1)            Perl Programmers Reference Guide            PERLDIAG(1)
2
3
4

NAME

6       perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7

DESCRIPTION

9       These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10       desperation):
11
12           (W) A warning (optional).
13           (D) A deprecation (enabled by default).
14           (S) A severe warning (enabled by default).
15           (F) A fatal error (trappable).
16           (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
17           (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
18           (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
19
20       The majority of messages from the first three classifications above (W,
21       D & S) can be controlled using the "warnings" pragma.
22
23       If a message can be controlled by the "warnings" pragma, its warning
24       category is included with the classification letter in the description
25       below.  E.g. "(W closed)" means a warning in the "closed" category.
26
27       Optional warnings are enabled by using the "warnings" pragma or the -w
28       and -W switches.  Warnings may be captured by setting $SIG{__WARN__} to
29       a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead of
30       printing it.  See perlvar.
31
32       Severe warnings are always enabled, unless they are explicitly disabled
33       with the "warnings" pragma or the -X switch.
34
35       Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator.  See "eval" in
36       perlfunc.  In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively disabled or
37       promoted to fatal errors using the "warnings" pragma.  See warnings.
38
39       The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or
40       lower-case.  Some of these messages are generic.  Spots that vary are
41       denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape.  These escapes are
42       ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than
43       letters.  To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a
44       letter.
45
46       accept() on closed socket %s
47           (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket.  Did you
48           forget to check the return value of your socket() call?  See
49           "accept" in perlfunc.
50
51       Aliasing via reference is experimental
52           (S experimental::refaliasing) This warning is emitted if you use a
53           reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment to
54           alias one variable to another.  Simply suppress the warning if you
55           want to use the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking
56           the risk of using an experimental feature which may change or be
57           removed in a future Perl version:
58
59               no warnings "experimental::refaliasing";
60               use feature "refaliasing";
61               \$x = \$y;
62
63       Allocation too large: %x
64           (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
65
66       '%c' allowed only after types %s in %s
67           (F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or
68           unpack() only after certain types.  See "pack" in perlfunc.
69
70       alpha->numify() is lossy
71           (W numeric) An alpha version can not be numified without losing
72           information.
73
74       Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
75           (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a
76           Perl keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for
77           calling one or the other.  Perl decided to call the builtin because
78           the subroutine is not imported.
79
80           To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an
81           ampersand before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its
82           package.  Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend
83           that it's imported with the "use subs" pragma).
84
85           To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the "CORE::"
86           prefix on the operator (e.g. "CORE::log($x)") or declare the
87           subroutine to be an object method (see "Subroutine Attributes" in
88           perlsub or attributes).
89
90       Ambiguous range in transliteration operator
91           (F) You wrote something like "tr/a-z-0//" which doesn't mean
92           anything at all.  To include a "-" character in a transliteration,
93           put it either first or last.  (In the past, "tr/a-z-0//" was
94           synonymous with "tr/a-y//", which was probably not what you would
95           have expected.)
96
97       Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
98           (S ambiguous) You said something that may not be interpreted the
99           way you thought.  Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by
100           supplying a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or
101           declaration.
102
103       Ambiguous use of -%s resolved as -&%s()
104           (S ambiguous) You wrote something like "-foo", which might be the
105           string "-foo", or a call to the function "foo", negated.  If you
106           meant the string, just write "-foo".  If you meant the function
107           call, write "-foo()".
108
109       Ambiguous use of %c resolved as operator %c
110           (S ambiguous) "%", "&", and "*" are both infix operators (modulus,
111           bitwise and, and multiplication) and initial special characters
112           (denoting hashes, subroutines and typeglobs), and you said
113           something like "*foo * foo" that might be interpreted as either of
114           them.  We assumed you meant the infix operator, but please try to
115           make it more clear -- in the example given, you might write "*foo *
116           foo()" if you really meant to multiply a glob by the result of
117           calling a function.
118
119       Ambiguous use of %c{%s} resolved to %c%s
120           (W ambiguous) You wrote something like "@{foo}", which might be
121           asking for the variable @foo, or it might be calling a function
122           named foo, and dereferencing it as an array reference.  If you
123           wanted the variable, you can just write @foo.  If you wanted to
124           call the function, write "@{foo()}" ... or you could just not have
125           a variable and a function with the same name, and save yourself a
126           lot of trouble.
127
128       Ambiguous use of %c{%s[...]} resolved to %c%s[...]
129       Ambiguous use of %c{%s{...}} resolved to %c%s{...}
130           (W ambiguous) You wrote something like "${foo[2]}" (where foo
131           represents the name of a Perl keyword), which might be looking for
132           element number 2 of the array named @foo, in which case please
133           write $foo[2], or you might have meant to pass an anonymous
134           arrayref to the function named foo, and then do a scalar deref on
135           the value it returns.  If you meant that, write "${foo([2])}".
136
137           In regular expressions, the "${foo[2]}" syntax is sometimes
138           necessary to disambiguate between array subscripts and character
139           classes.  "/$length[2345]/", for instance, will be interpreted as
140           $length followed by the character class "[2345]".  If an array
141           subscript is what you want, you can avoid the warning by changing
142           "/${length[2345]}/" to the unsightly "/${\$length[2345]}/", by
143           renaming your array to something that does not coincide with a
144           built-in keyword, or by simply turning off warnings with "no
145           warnings 'ambiguous';".
146
147       '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
148           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own command line
149           redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also
150           tried to redirect STDIN using '<'.  Only one STDIN stream to a
151           customer, please.
152
153       '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
154           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own command line
155           redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file
156           and into a pipe to another command.  You need to choose one or the
157           other, though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or
158           Perl script which 'splits' output into two streams, such as
159
160               open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
161               while (<STDIN>) {
162                   print;
163                   print OUT;
164               }
165               close OUT;
166
167       Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
168           (W misc) The pattern match ("//"), substitution ("s///"), and
169           transliteration ("tr///") operators work on scalar values.  If you
170           apply one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array
171           or hash to a scalar value (the length of an array, or the
172           population info of a hash) and then work on that scalar value.
173           This is probably not what you meant to do.  See "grep" in perlfunc
174           and "map" in perlfunc for alternatives.
175
176       Arg too short for msgsnd
177           (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
178
179       Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
180           (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an
181           operator that expected a numeric value instead.  If you're
182           fortunate the message will identify which operator was so
183           unfortunate.
184
185           Note that for the "Inf" and "NaN" (infinity and not-a-number) the
186           definition of "numeric" is somewhat unusual: the strings themselves
187           (like "Inf") are considered numeric, and anything following them is
188           considered non-numeric.
189
190       Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s"
191           (W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O
192           system you forgot the ) that closes the argument list.  (Layers
193           take care of transforming data between external and internal
194           representations.)  Perl stopped parsing the layer list at this
195           point and did not attempt to push this layer.  If your program
196           didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the
197           result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
198
199       Argument "%s" treated as 0 in increment (++)
200           (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to the "++"
201           operator which expects either a number or a string matching
202           "/^[a-zA-Z]*[0-9]*\z/".  See "Auto-increment and Auto-decrement" in
203           perlop for details.
204
205       Array passed to stat will be coerced to a scalar%s
206           (W syntax) You called stat() on an array, but the array will be
207           coerced to a scalar - the number of elements in the array.
208
209       A signature parameter must start with '$', '@' or '%'
210           (F) Each subroutine signature parameter declaration must start with
211           a valid sigil; for example:
212
213               sub foo ($a, $, $b = 1, @c) {}
214
215       A slurpy parameter may not have a default value
216           (F) Only scalar subroutine signature parameters may have a default
217           value; for example:
218
219               sub foo ($a = 1)        {} # legal
220               sub foo (@a = (1))      {} # invalid
221               sub foo (%a = (a => b)) {} # invalid
222
223       assertion botched: %s
224           (X) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal
225           failure.
226
227       Assertion %s failed: file "%s", line %d
228           (X) A general assertion failed.  The file in question must be
229           examined.
230
231       Assigned value is not a reference
232           (F) You tried to assign something that was not a reference to an
233           lvalue reference (e.g., "\$x = $y").  If you meant to make $x an
234           alias to $y, use "\$x = \$y".
235
236       Assigned value is not %s reference
237           (F) You tried to assign a reference to a reference constructor, but
238           the two references were not of the same type.  You cannot alias a
239           scalar to an array, or an array to a hash; the two types must
240           match.
241
242               \$x = \@y;  # error
243               \@x = \%y;  # error
244                $y = [];
245               \$x = $y;   # error; did you mean \$y?
246
247       Assigning non-zero to $[ is no longer possible
248           (F) When the "array_base" feature is disabled (e.g., and under "use
249           v5.16;", and as of Perl 5.30) the special variable $[, which is
250           deprecated, is now a fixed zero value.
251
252       Assignment to both a list and a scalar
253           (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd
254           arguments must either both be scalars or both be lists.  Otherwise
255           Perl won't know which context to supply to the right side.
256
257       Assuming NOT a POSIX class since %s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
258       m/%s/
259           (W regexp) You had something like these:
260
261            [[:alnum]]
262            [[:digit:xyz]
263
264           They look like they might have been meant to be the POSIX classes
265           "[:alnum:]" or "[:digit:]".  If so, they should be written:
266
267            [[:alnum:]]
268            [[:digit:]xyz]
269
270           Since these aren't legal POSIX class specifications, but are legal
271           bracketed character classes, Perl treats them as the latter.  In
272           the first example, it matches the characters ":", "[", "a", "l",
273           "m", "n", and "u".
274
275           If these weren't meant to be POSIX classes, this warning message is
276           spurious, and can be suppressed by reordering things, such as
277
278            [[al:num]]
279
280           or
281
282            [[:munla]]
283
284       <> at require-statement should be quotes
285           (F) You wrote "require <file>" when you should have written
286           "require 'file'".
287
288       Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
289           (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not
290           in the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
291
292       Attempt to bless into a freed package
293           (F) You wrote "bless $foo" with one argument after somehow causing
294           the current package to be freed.  Perl cannot figure out what to
295           do, so it throws up its hands in despair.
296
297       Attempt to bless into a reference
298           (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to
299           be the name of the package to bless the resulting object into.
300           You've supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote
301
302               bless $self, $proto;
303
304           when you intended
305
306               bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto;
307
308           If you actually want to bless into the stringified version of the
309           reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for example
310           by:
311
312               bless $self, "$proto";
313
314       Attempt to clear deleted array
315           (S debugging) An array was assigned to when it was being freed.
316           Freed values are not supposed to be visible to Perl code.  This can
317           also happen if XS code calls "av_clear" from a custom magic
318           callback on the array.
319
320       Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
321           (F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a
322           key which is not in its key set.
323
324       Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
325           (F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
326           declared readonly from a restricted hash.
327
328       Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%x
329           (S internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from
330           arenas that will be garbage collected on exit.  An SV was
331           discovered to be outside any of those arenas.
332
333       Attempt to free nonexistent shared string '%s'%s
334           (S internal) Perl maintains a reference-counted internal table of
335           strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other
336           strings.  This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference
337           count of a string that can no longer be found in the table.
338
339       Attempt to free temp prematurely: SV 0x%x
340           (S debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
341           free_tmps() routine.  This indicates that something else is freeing
342           the SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means
343           that the free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar
344           when it does try to free it.
345
346       Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
347           (S internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
348
349       Attempt to free unreferenced scalar: SV 0x%x
350           (S internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar
351           to see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone
352           to 0 earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was
353           freed.  This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many
354           times, or that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the
355           SV was mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has
356           been corrupted.
357
358       Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
359           (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
360           function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template.
361           This means the result contains a pointer to a location that could
362           become invalid anytime, even before the end of the current
363           statement.  Use literals or global values as arguments to the "p"
364           pack() template to avoid this warning.
365
366       Attempt to reload %s aborted.
367           (F) You tried to load a file with "use" or "require" that failed to
368           compile once already.  Perl will not try to compile this file again
369           unless you delete its entry from %INC.  See "require" in perlfunc
370           and "%INC" in perlvar.
371
372       Attempt to set length of freed array
373           (W misc) You tried to set the length of an array which has been
374           freed.  You can do this by storing a reference to the scalar
375           representing the last index of an array and later assigning through
376           that reference.  For example
377
378               $r = do {my @a; \$#a};
379               $$r = 503
380
381       Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
382           (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to
383           substr() used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange.  Perhaps you
384           forgot to dereference it first.  See "substr" in perlfunc.
385
386       Attribute prototype(%s) discards earlier prototype attribute in same
387       sub
388           (W misc) A sub was declared as sub foo : prototype(A) :
389           prototype(B) {}, for example.  Since each sub can only have one
390           prototype, the earlier declaration(s) are discarded while the last
391           one is applied.
392
393       av_reify called on tied array
394           (S debugging) This indicates that something went wrong and Perl got
395           very confused about @_ or @DB::args being tied.
396
397       Bad arg length for %s, is %u, should be %d
398           (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(),
399           semctl() or shmctl().  In C parlance, the correct sizes are,
400           respectively, sizeof(struct msqid_ds *), sizeof(struct semid_ds *),
401           and sizeof(struct shmid_ds *).
402
403       Bad evalled substitution pattern
404           (F) You've used the "/e" switch to evaluate the replacement for a
405           substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to
406           evaluate, most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
407
408       Bad filehandle: %s
409           (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the
410           symbol has no filehandle associated with it.  Perhaps you didn't do
411           an open(), or did it in another package.
412
413       Bad free() ignored
414           (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
415           never been malloc()ed in the first place.  Mandatory, but can be
416           disabled by setting environment variable "PERL_BADFREE" to 0.
417
418           This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with
419           "hard" dynamic linking, like "AIX" and "OS/2".  It is a bug of
420           "Berkeley DB" which is left unnoticed if "DB" uses forgiving system
421           malloc().
422
423       Bad hash
424           (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
425
426       Badly placed ()'s
427           (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
428           Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
429           yourself.
430
431       Bad name after %s
432           (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and
433           then didn't finish the symbol.  In particular, you can't
434           interpolate outside of quotes, so
435
436               $var = 'myvar';
437               $sym = mypack::$var;
438
439           is not the same as
440
441               $var = 'myvar';
442               $sym = "mypack::$var";
443
444       Bad plugin affecting keyword '%s'
445           (F) An extension using the keyword plugin mechanism violated the
446           plugin API.
447
448       Bad realloc() ignored
449           (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that
450           had never been malloc()ed in the first place.  Mandatory, but can
451           be disabled by setting the environment variable "PERL_BADFREE" to
452           1.
453
454       Bad symbol for array
455           (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something
456           that wasn't a symbol table entry.
457
458       Bad symbol for dirhandle
459           (P) An internal request asked to add a dirhandle entry to something
460           that wasn't a symbol table entry.
461
462       Bad symbol for filehandle
463           (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to
464           something that wasn't a symbol table entry.
465
466       Bad symbol for hash
467           (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
468           wasn't a symbol table entry.
469
470       Bad symbol for scalar
471           (P) An internal request asked to add a scalar entry to something
472           that wasn't a symbol table entry.
473
474       Bareword found in conditional
475           (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
476           conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as
477           part of the last argument of the previous construct, for example:
478
479               open FOO || die;
480
481           It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been
482           interpreted as a bareword:
483
484               use constant TYPO => 1;
485               if (TYOP) { print "foo" }
486
487           The "strict" pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.
488
489       Bareword in require contains "%s"
490       Bareword in require maps to disallowed filename "%s"
491       Bareword in require maps to empty filename
492           (F) The bareword form of require has been invoked with a filename
493           which could not have been generated by a valid bareword permitted
494           by the parser.  You shouldn't be able to get this error from Perl
495           code, but XS code may throw it if it passes an invalid module name
496           to "Perl_load_module".
497
498       Bareword in require must not start with a double-colon: "%s"
499           (F) In "require Bare::Word", the bareword is not allowed to start
500           with a double-colon.  Write "require ::Foo::Bar" as  "require
501           Foo::Bar" instead.
502
503       Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
504           (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
505           subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>"
506           symbol.  Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
507
508       Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
509           (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form "Foo::", but
510           the compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point.
511           Perhaps you need to predeclare a package?
512
513       BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
514           (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN
515           subroutine.  Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is
516           exited.
517
518       BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
519           (F) Perl found a "BEGIN {}" subroutine (or a "use" directive, which
520           implies a "BEGIN {}") after one or more compilation errors had
521           already occurred.  Since the intended environment for the "BEGIN
522           {}" could not be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since
523           subsequent code likely depends on its correct operation, Perl just
524           gave up.
525
526       \%d better written as $%d
527           (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as
528           variables.  The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-
529           hand side of a substitution, but stylistically it's better to use
530           the variable form because other Perl programmers will expect it,
531           and it works better if there are more than 9 backreferences.
532
533       Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable
534           (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
535           (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems.  See
536           perlport for more on portability concerns.
537
538       bind() on closed socket %s
539           (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket.  Did you
540           forget to check the return value of your socket() call?  See "bind"
541           in perlfunc.
542
543       binmode() on closed filehandle %s
544           (W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never
545           opened.  Check your control flow and number of arguments.
546
547       Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
548           (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
549
550       Bizarre copy of %s
551           (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
552           copiable.
553
554       Bizarre SvTYPE [%d]
555           (P) When starting a new thread or returning values from a thread,
556           Perl encountered an invalid data type.
557
558       Both or neither range ends should be Unicode in regex; marked by
559       <-- HERE in m/%s/
560           (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
561
562           In a bracketed character class in a regular expression pattern, you
563           had a range which has exactly one end of it specified using "\N{}",
564           and the other end is specified using a non-portable mechanism.
565           Perl treats the range as a Unicode range, that is, all the
566           characters in it are considered to be the Unicode characters, and
567           which may be different code points on some platforms Perl runs on.
568           For example, "[\N{U+06}-\x08]" is treated as if you had instead
569           said "[\N{U+06}-\N{U+08}]", that is it matches the characters whose
570           code points in Unicode are 6, 7, and 8.  But that "\x08" might
571           indicate that you meant something different, so the warning gets
572           raised.
573
574       Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
575           (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS.  While Perl was preparing
576           to iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol
577           definition which was too long, so it was truncated to the string
578           shown.
579
580       Callback called exit
581           (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv()
582           exited by calling exit.
583
584       %s() called too early to check prototype
585           (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before
586           the parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could
587           not check that the call conforms to the prototype.  You need to
588           either add an early prototype declaration for the subroutine in
589           question, or move the subroutine definition ahead of the call to
590           get proper prototype checking.  Alternatively, if you are certain
591           that you're calling the function correctly, you may put an
592           ampersand before the name to avoid the warning.  See perlsub.
593
594       Cannot chr %f
595           (F) You passed an invalid number (like an infinity or not-a-number)
596           to "chr".
597
598       Cannot complete in-place edit of %s: %s
599           (F) Your perl script appears to have changed directory while
600           performing an in-place edit of a file specified by a relative path,
601           and your system doesn't include the directory relative POSIX
602           functions needed to handle that.
603
604       Cannot compress %f in pack
605           (F) You tried compressing an infinity or not-a-number as an
606           unsigned integer with BER, which makes no sense.
607
608       Cannot compress integer in pack
609           (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress.  The
610           BER compressed integer format can only be used with positive
611           integers, and you attempted to compress a very large number (>
612           1e308).  See "pack" in perlfunc.
613
614       Cannot compress negative numbers in pack
615           (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative.  The BER compressed
616           integer format can only be used with positive integers.  See "pack"
617           in perlfunc.
618
619       Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob
620           (F) You manipulated Perl's symbol table directly, stored a
621           reference in it, then tried to access that symbol via conventional
622           Perl syntax.  The access triggers Perl to autovivify that typeglob,
623           but it there is no legal conversion from that type of reference to
624           a typeglob.
625
626       Cannot copy to %s
627           (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy a value to an internal type
628           that cannot be directly assigned to.
629
630       Cannot find encoding "%s"
631           (S io) You tried to apply an encoding that did not exist to a
632           filehandle, either with open() or binmode().
633
634       Cannot open %s as a dirhandle: it is already open as a filehandle
635           (F) You tried to use opendir() to associate a dirhandle to a symbol
636           (glob or scalar) that already holds a filehandle.  Since this idiom
637           might render your code confusing, it was deprecated in Perl 5.10.
638           As of Perl 5.28, it is a fatal error.
639
640       Cannot open %s as a filehandle: it is already open as a dirhandle
641           (F) You tried to use open() to associate a filehandle to a symbol
642           (glob or scalar) that already holds a dirhandle.  Since this idiom
643           might render your code confusing, it was deprecated in Perl 5.10.
644           As of Perl 5.28, it is a fatal error.
645
646       Cannot pack %f with '%c'
647           (F) You tried converting an infinity or not-a-number to an integer,
648           which makes no sense.
649
650       Cannot printf %f with '%c'
651           (F) You tried printing an infinity or not-a-number as a character
652           (%c), which makes no sense.  Maybe you meant '%s', or just
653           stringifying it?
654
655       Cannot set tied @DB::args
656           (F) "caller" tried to set @DB::args, but found it tied.  Tying
657           @DB::args is not supported.  (Before this error was added, it used
658           to crash.)
659
660       Cannot tie unreifiable array
661           (P) You somehow managed to call "tie" on an array that does not
662           keep a reference count on its arguments and cannot be made to do
663           so.  Such arrays are not even supposed to be accessible to Perl
664           code, but are only used internally.
665
666       Cannot yet reorder sv_vcatpvfn() arguments from va_list
667           (F) Some XS code tried to use "sv_vcatpvfn()" or a related function
668           with a format string that specifies explicit indexes for some of
669           the elements, and using a C-style variable-argument list (a
670           "va_list").  This is not currently supported.  XS authors wanting
671           to do this must instead construct a C array of "SV*" scalars
672           containing the arguments.
673
674       Can only compress unsigned integers in pack
675           (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer.  The BER
676           compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers,
677           and you attempted to compress something else.  See "pack" in
678           perlfunc.
679
680       Can't bless non-reference value
681           (F) Only hard references may be blessed.  This is how Perl
682           "enforces" encapsulation of objects.  See perlobj.
683
684       Can't "break" in a loop topicalizer
685           (F) You called "break", but you're in a "foreach" block rather than
686           a "given" block.  You probably meant to use "next" or "last".
687
688       Can't "break" outside a given block
689           (F) You called "break", but you're not inside a "given" block.
690
691       Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
692           (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by
693           the object reference or package name contains an undefined value.
694           Something like this will reproduce the error:
695
696               $BADREF = undef;
697               process $BADREF 1,2,3;
698               $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
699
700       Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
701           (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run.
702           It ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply,
703           but you didn't supply an object reference in this case.  A
704           reference isn't an object reference until it has been blessed.  See
705           perlobj.
706
707       Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
708           (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by
709           the object reference or package name contains an expression that
710           returns a defined value which is neither an object reference nor a
711           package name.  Something like this will reproduce the error:
712
713               $BADREF = 42;
714               process $BADREF 1,2,3;
715               $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
716
717       Can't call mro_isa_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table
718           (P) Perl got confused as to whether a hash was a plain hash or a
719           symbol table hash when trying to update @ISA caches.
720
721       Can't call mro_method_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table
722           (F) An XS module tried to call "mro_method_changed_in" on a hash
723           that was not attached to the symbol table.
724
725       Can't chdir to %s
726           (F) You called "perl -x/foo/bar", but /foo/bar is not a directory
727           that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
728
729       Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid
730           (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script
731           for nosuid.
732
733       Can't coerce %s to %s in %s
734           (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
735           (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.  So you
736           can't say things like:
737
738               *foo += 1;
739
740           You CAN say
741
742               $foo = *foo;
743               $foo += 1;
744
745           but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
746
747       Can't "continue" outside a when block
748           (F) You called "continue", but you're not inside a "when" or
749           "default" block.
750
751       Can't create pipe mailbox
752           (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  The process is suffering from
753           exhausted quotas or other plumbing problems.
754
755       Can't declare %s in "%s"
756           (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my",
757           "our" or "state" variables.  They must have ordinary identifiers as
758           names.
759
760       Can't "default" outside a topicalizer
761           (F) You have used a "default" block that is neither inside a
762           "foreach" loop nor a "given" block.  (Note that this error is
763           issued on exit from the "default" block, so you won't get the error
764           if you use an explicit "continue".)
765
766       Can't determine class of operator %s, assuming BASEOP
767           (S) This warning indicates something wrong in the internals of
768           perl.  Perl was trying to find the class (e.g. LISTOP) of a
769           particular OP, and was unable to do so. This is likely to be due to
770           a bug in the perl internals, or due to a bug in XS code which
771           manipulates perl optrees.
772
773       Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
774           (S inplace) You tried to use the -i switch on a special file, such
775           as a file in /dev, a FIFO or an uneditable directory.  The file was
776           ignored.
777
778       Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
779           (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated
780           reason.
781
782       Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique
783           (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than
784           14 characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename
785           during inplace editing with the -i switch.  The file was ignored.
786
787       Can't do %s("%s") on non-UTF-8 locale; resolved to "%s".
788           (W locale) You are 1) running under ""use locale""; 2) the current
789           locale is not a UTF-8 one; 3) you tried to do the designated case-
790           change operation on the specified Unicode character; and 4) the
791           result of this operation would mix Unicode and locale rules, which
792           likely conflict.  Mixing of different rule types is forbidden, so
793           the operation was not done; instead the result is the indicated
794           value, which is the best available that uses entirely Unicode
795           rules.  That turns out to almost always be the original character,
796           unchanged.
797
798           It is generally a bad idea to mix non-UTF-8 locales and Unicode,
799           and this issue is one of the reasons why.  This warning is raised
800           when Unicode rules would normally cause the result of this
801           operation to contain a character that is in the range specified by
802           the locale, 0..255, and hence is subject to the locale's rules, not
803           Unicode's.
804
805           If you are using locale purely for its characteristics related to
806           things like its numeric and time formatting (and not "LC_CTYPE"),
807           consider using a restricted form of the locale pragma (see "The
808           "use locale" pragma" in perllocale) like
809           ""use locale ':not_characters'"".
810
811           Note that failed case-changing operations done as a result of case-
812           insensitive "/i" regular expression matching will show up in this
813           warning as having the "fc" operation (as that is what the regular
814           expression engine calls behind the scenes.)
815
816       Can't do waitpid with flags
817           (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only
818           waitpid() without flags is emulated.
819
820       Can't emulate -%s on #! line
821           (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this
822           point.  For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a -x on the #!
823           line.
824
825       Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform
826           (F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-
827           endian, or it has a very strange pointer size.  Packing and
828           unpacking big- or little-endian floating point values and pointers
829           may not be possible.  See "pack" in perlfunc.
830
831       Can't exec "%s": %s
832           (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute
833           the named program for the indicated reason.  Typical reasons
834           include: the permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't
835           found in $ENV{PATH}, the executable in question was compiled for
836           another architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an
837           interpreter that can't be run for similar reasons.  (Or maybe your
838           system doesn't support #! at all.)
839
840       Can't exec %s
841           (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you
842           because that's what the #! line said.  If that's not what you
843           wanted, you may need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
844
845       Can't execute %s
846           (F) You used the -S switch, but the copies of the script to execute
847           found in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
848
849       Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
850           (F) A string of a form "CORE::word" was given to prototype(), but
851           there is no builtin with the name "word".
852
853       Can't find label %s
854           (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that
855           it's possible for us to go to.  See "goto" in perlfunc.
856
857       Can't find %s on PATH
858           (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be
859           found in the PATH.
860
861       Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
862           (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be
863           found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions.
864           The script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits
865           running it.
866
867       Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
868           (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines.  This message
869           means that the closing delimiter was omitted.  Because bracketed
870           quotes count nesting levels, the following is missing its final
871           parenthesis:
872
873               print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
874
875           If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have
876           included unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag or
877           there may not be a linebreak after it.  A good programmer's editor
878           will have a way to help you find these characters (or lack of
879           characters).  See perlop for the full details on here-documents.
880
881       Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"
882       Can't find Unicode property definition "%s" in regex; marked by <--
883       HERE in m/%s/
884           (F) The named property which you specified via "\p" or "\P" is not
885           one known to Perl.  Perhaps you misspelled the name?  See
886           "Properties accessible through \p{} and \P{}" in perluniprops for a
887           complete list of available official properties.  If it is a user-
888           defined property it must have been defined by the time the regular
889           expression is matched.
890
891           If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the "\p",
892           either by "\\p" (just the "\p") or by "\Q\p" (the rest of the
893           string, or until "\E").
894
895       Can't fork: %s
896           (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
897           pipeline.
898
899       Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds
900           (W pipe) A fork in a piped open failed with EAGAIN and will be
901           retried after five seconds.
902
903       Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
904           (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  This arises because of the
905           difference between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model
906           Perl assumes.  Under VMS, access checks are done by filename,
907           rather than by bits in the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other
908           protections can be taken into account.  Unfortunately, Perl assumes
909           that the stat buffer contains all the necessary information, and
910           passes it, instead of the filespec, to the access-checking routine.
911           It will try to retrieve the filespec using the device name and FID
912           present in the stat buffer, but this works only if you haven't made
913           a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine, because the device
914           name is overwritten with each call.  If this warning appears, the
915           name lookup failed, and the access-checking routine gave up and
916           returned FALSE, just to be conservative.  (Note: The access-
917           checking routine knows about the Perl "stat" operator and file
918           tests, so you shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl
919           command; it arises only if some internal code takes stat buffers
920           lightly.)
921
922       Can't get pipe mailbox device name
923           (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  After creating a mailbox to act as a
924           pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.
925
926       Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
927           (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want
928           your mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
929
930       Can't "goto" into a binary or list expression
931           (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
932           binary or list expression.  You can't get there from here.  The
933           reason for this restriction is that the interpreter would get
934           confused as to how many arguments there are, resulting in stack
935           corruption or crashes.  This error occurs in cases such as these:
936
937               goto F;
938               print do { F: }; # Can't jump into the arguments to print
939
940               goto G;
941               $x + do { G: $y }; # How is + supposed to get its first operand?
942
943       Can't "goto" into a "given" block
944           (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
945           "given" block.  You can't get there from here.  See "goto" in
946           perlfunc.
947
948       Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
949           (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
950           foreach loop.  You can't get there from here.  See "goto" in
951           perlfunc.
952
953       Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block
954           (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look
955           like a block, except that it isn't a proper block.  This usually
956           occurs if you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine,
957           which is a no-no.  See "goto" in perlfunc.
958
959       Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s
960           (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval
961           "string" or block.
962
963       Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback)
964           (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of the
965           comparison sub for a sort(), or from a similar callback (such as
966           the reduce() function in List::Util).
967
968       Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
969           (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one
970           subroutine call for another.  It can't manufacture one out of whole
971           cloth.  In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD
972           routine anyway.  See "goto" in perlfunc.
973
974       Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default
975           (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD
976           signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled.  Since disabling this
977           signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of
978           child processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value.
979           This situation typically indicates that the parent program under
980           which Perl may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless.
981
982       Can't kill a non-numeric process ID
983           (F) Process identifiers must be (signed) integers.  It is a fatal
984           error to attempt to kill() an undefined, empty-string or otherwise
985           non-numeric process identifier.
986
987       Can't "last" outside a loop block
988           (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current
989           block, except that there's this itty bitty problem called there
990           isn't a current block.  Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
991           count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(),
992           map() or grep().  You can usually double the curlies to get the
993           same effect though, because the inner curlies will be considered a
994           block that loops once.  See "last" in perlfunc.
995
996       Can't linearize anonymous symbol table
997           (F) Perl tried to calculate the method resolution order (MRO) of a
998           package, but failed because the package stash has no name.
999
1000       Can't load '%s' for module %s
1001           (F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic
1002           extension.  This may either mean that you upgraded your version of
1003           perl to one that is incompatible with your old dynamic extensions
1004           (which is known to happen between major versions of perl), or (more
1005           likely) that your dynamic extension was built against an older
1006           version of the library that is installed on your system.  You may
1007           need to rebuild your old dynamic extensions.
1008
1009       Can't localize lexical variable %s
1010           (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared
1011           as a lexical variable using "my" or "state".  This is not allowed.
1012           If you want to localize a package variable of the same name,
1013           qualify it with the package name.
1014
1015       Can't localize through a reference
1016           (F) You said something like "local $$ref", which Perl can't
1017           currently handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of
1018           whatever $ref pointed to after the scope of the local() is
1019           finished, it can't be sure that $ref will still be a reference.
1020
1021       Can't locate %s
1022           (F) You said to "do" (or "require", or "use") a file that couldn't
1023           be found.  Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned
1024           in @INC, unless the file name included the full path to the file.
1025           Perhaps you need to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment
1026           variable to say where the extra library is, or maybe the script
1027           needs to add the library name to @INC.  Or maybe you just
1028           misspelled the name of the file.  See "require" in perlfunc and
1029           lib.
1030
1031       Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
1032           (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows
1033           autoload, but there is no function to autoload.  Most probable
1034           causes are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to
1035           "AutoSplit" the file, say, by doing "make install".
1036
1037       Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC
1038           (F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library,
1039           like for example, foo.so or bar.dll, but the DynaLoader module was
1040           unable to locate this library.  See DynaLoader.
1041
1042       Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
1043           (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a
1044           package functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define
1045           that particular method, nor does any of its base classes.  See
1046           perlobj.
1047
1048       Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s" (perhaps you forgot to
1049       load "%s"?)
1050           (F) You called a method on a class that did not exist, and the
1051           method could not be found in UNIVERSAL.  This often means that a
1052           method requires a package that has not been loaded.
1053
1054       Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
1055           (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package
1056           that doesn't seem to exist.
1057
1058       Can't locate PerlIO%s
1059           (F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
1060           e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
1061
1062       Can't make list assignment to %ENV on this system
1063           (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems,
1064           notably VMS.
1065
1066       Can't make loaded symbols global on this platform while loading %s
1067           (S) A module passed the flag 0x01 to DynaLoader::dl_load_file() to
1068           request that symbols from the stated file are made available
1069           globally within the process, but that functionality is not
1070           available on this platform.  Whilst the module likely will still
1071           work, this may prevent the perl interpreter from loading other XS-
1072           based extensions which need to link directly to functions defined
1073           in the C or XS code in the stated file.
1074
1075       Can't modify %s in %s
1076           (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or
1077           otherwise try to change it, such as with an auto-increment.
1078
1079       Can't modify nonexistent substring
1080           (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was
1081           handed a NULL.
1082
1083       Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call of &%s
1084       Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call of &%s in %s
1085           (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be
1086           declared as such.  See "Lvalue subroutines" in perlsub.
1087
1088       Can't modify reference to %s in %s assignment
1089           (F) Only a limited number of constructs can be used as the argument
1090           to a reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment,
1091           and what you used was not one of them.  See "Assigning to
1092           References" in perlref.
1093
1094       Can't modify reference to localized parenthesized array in list
1095       assignment
1096           (F) Assigning to "\local(@array)" or "\(local @array)" is not
1097           supported, as it is not clear exactly what it should do.  If you
1098           meant to make @array refer to some other array, use "\@array =
1099           \@other_array".  If you want to make the elements of @array aliases
1100           of the scalars referenced on the right-hand side, use "\(@array) =
1101           @scalar_refs".
1102
1103       Can't modify reference to parenthesized hash in list assignment
1104           (F) Assigning to "\(%hash)" is not supported.  If you meant to make
1105           %hash refer to some other hash, use "\%hash = \%other_hash".  If
1106           you want to make the elements of %hash into aliases of the scalars
1107           referenced on the right-hand side, use a hash slice: "\@hash{@keys}
1108           = @those_scalar_refs".
1109
1110       Can't msgrcv to read-only var
1111           (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a
1112           receive buffer.
1113
1114       Can't "next" outside a loop block
1115           (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block,
1116           but there isn't a current block.  Note that an "if" or "else" block
1117           doesn't count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to
1118           sort(), map() or grep().  You can usually double the curlies to get
1119           the same effect though, because the inner curlies will be
1120           considered a block that loops once.  See "next" in perlfunc.
1121
1122       Can't open %s: %s
1123           (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the "<>"
1124           filehandle, either implicitly under the "-n" or "-p" command-line
1125           switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason.  Usually
1126           this is because you don't have read permission for a file which you
1127           named on the command line.
1128
1129           (F) You tried to call perl with the -e switch, but /dev/null (or
1130           your operating system's equivalent) could not be opened.
1131
1132       Can't open a reference
1133           (W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing,
1134           using the 3-arg open() syntax:
1135
1136               open FH, '>', $ref;
1137
1138           but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form
1139           of open is not supported.
1140
1141       Can't open bidirectional pipe
1142           (W pipe) You tried to say "open(CMD, "|cmd|")", which is not
1143           supported.  You can try any of several modules in the Perl library
1144           to do this, such as IPC::Open2.  Alternately, direct the pipe's
1145           output to a file using ">", and then read it in under a different
1146           file handle.
1147
1148       Can't open error file %s as stderr
1149           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own command line
1150           redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or
1151           '2>>' on the command line for writing.
1152
1153       Can't open input file %s as stdin
1154           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own command line
1155           redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the
1156           command line for reading.
1157
1158       Can't open output file %s as stdout
1159           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own command line
1160           redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>'
1161           on the command line for writing.
1162
1163       Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
1164           (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own command line
1165           redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data
1166           destined for stdout.
1167
1168       Can't open perl script "%s": %s
1169           (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated
1170           reason.
1171
1172           If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on
1173           the shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that
1174           search, so you don't have to type the path or "`which
1175           $scriptname`".
1176
1177       Can't read CRTL environ
1178           (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Perl tried to read an element of
1179           %ENV from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the
1180           array was missing.  You need to figure out where your CRTL
1181           misplaced its environ or define PERL_ENV_TABLES (see perlvms) so
1182           that environ is not searched.
1183
1184       Can't redeclare "%s" in "%s"
1185           (F) A "my", "our" or "state" declaration was found within another
1186           declaration, such as "my ($x, my($y), $z)" or "our (my $x)".
1187
1188       Can't "redo" outside a loop block
1189           (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block,
1190           but there isn't a current block.  Note that an "if" or "else" block
1191           doesn't count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to
1192           sort(), map() or grep().  You can usually double the curlies to get
1193           the same effect though, because the inner curlies will be
1194           considered a block that loops once.  See "redo" in perlfunc.
1195
1196       Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file
1197           (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup
1198           file.  Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it
1199           with the modified file.  The file was left unmodified.
1200
1201       Can't rename in-place work file '%s' to '%s': %s
1202           (F) When closed implicitly, the temporary file for in-place editing
1203           couldn't be renamed to the original filename.
1204
1205       Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
1206           (F) The rename done by the -i switch failed for some reason,
1207           probably because you don't have write permission to the directory.
1208
1209       Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
1210           (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and
1211           tried to reopen it to accept binary data.  Alas, it failed.
1212
1213       Can't represent character for Ox%X on this platform
1214           (F) There is a hard limit to how big a character code point can be
1215           due to the fundamental properties of UTF-8, especially on EBCDIC
1216           platforms.  The given code point exceeds that.  The only work-
1217           around is to not use such a large code point.
1218
1219       Can't reset %ENV on this system
1220           (F) You called "reset('E')" or similar, which tried to reset all
1221           variables in the current package beginning with "E".  In the main
1222           package, that includes %ENV.  Resetting %ENV is not supported on
1223           some systems, notably VMS.
1224
1225       Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
1226           (F)(P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as
1227           opposed to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the
1228           package.  If the method name is "???", this is an internal error.
1229
1230       Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
1231           (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as
1232           temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue.
1233           This is not allowed.
1234
1235       Can't return outside a subroutine
1236           (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is,
1237           where there was no subroutine call to return out of.  See perlsub.
1238
1239       Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context
1240           (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue
1241           subroutine, but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl
1242           think you meant to return only one value.  You probably meant to
1243           write parentheses around the call to the subroutine, which tell
1244           Perl that the call should be in list context.
1245
1246       Can't stat script "%s"
1247           (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you
1248           have it open already.  Bizarre.
1249
1250       Can't take log of %g
1251           (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
1252           negative number or zero.  There's a Math::Complex package that
1253           comes standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for
1254           the negative numbers.
1255
1256       Can't take sqrt of %g
1257           (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
1258           negative number.  There's a Math::Complex package that comes
1259           standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
1260
1261       Can't undef active subroutine
1262           (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running.  You
1263           can, however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even
1264           undef the redefined subroutine while the old routine is running.
1265           Go figure.
1266
1267       Can't unweaken a nonreference
1268           (F) You attempted to unweaken something that was not a reference.
1269           Only references can be unweakened.
1270
1271       Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d
1272           (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making
1273           it into a more specialized kind of SV.  The top several SV types
1274           are so specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted.
1275           This message indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
1276
1277       Can't use '%c' after -mname
1278           (F) You tried to call perl with the -m switch, but you put
1279           something other than "=" after the module name.
1280
1281       Can't use a hash as a reference
1282           (F) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in "%foo->{"bar"}"
1283           or "%$ref->{"hello"}".  Versions of perl <= 5.22.0 used to allow
1284           this syntax, but shouldn't have.  This was deprecated in perl
1285           5.6.1.
1286
1287       Can't use an array as a reference
1288           (F) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in "@foo->[23]" or
1289           "@$ref->[99]".  Versions of perl <= 5.22.0 used to allow this
1290           syntax, but shouldn't have.  This was deprecated in perl 5.6.1.
1291
1292       Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
1293           (F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a
1294           symbol table that doesn't have a name.  Symbol tables can become
1295           anonymous for example by undefining stashes: "undef
1296           %Some::Package::".
1297
1298       Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
1299           (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference
1300           must be a defined value.  This helps to delurk some insidious
1301           errors.
1302
1303       Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1304           (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs".  Symbolic
1305           references are disallowed.  See perlref.
1306
1307       Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available
1308           (F) The first time the "%!" hash is used, perl automatically loads
1309           the Errno.pm module.  The Errno module is expected to tie the %!
1310           hash to provide symbolic names for $! errno values.
1311
1312       Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s
1313           (F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-
1314           endian byte-order at the same time, so this combination of
1315           modifiers is not allowed.  See "pack" in perlfunc.
1316
1317       Can't use 'defined(@array)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)
1318           (F) defined() is not useful on arrays because it checks for an
1319           undefined scalar value.  If you want to see if the array is empty,
1320           just use "if (@array) { # not empty }" for example.
1321
1322       Can't use 'defined(%hash)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)
1323           (F) "defined()" is not usually right on hashes.
1324
1325           Although "defined %hash" is false on a plain not-yet-used hash, it
1326           becomes true in several non-obvious circumstances, including
1327           iterators, weak references, stash names, even remaining true after
1328           "undef %hash".  These things make "defined %hash" fairly useless in
1329           practice, so it now generates a fatal error.
1330
1331           If a check for non-empty is what you wanted then just put it in
1332           boolean context (see "Scalar values" in perldata):
1333
1334               if (%hash) {
1335                  # not empty
1336               }
1337
1338           If you had "defined %Foo::Bar::QUUX" to check whether such a
1339           package variable exists then that's never really been reliable, and
1340           isn't a good way to enquire about the features of a package, or
1341           whether it's loaded, etc.
1342
1343       Can't use %s for loop variable
1344           (P) The parser got confused when trying to parse a "foreach" loop.
1345
1346       Can't use global %s in "%s"
1347           (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable.
1348           This is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one
1349           location (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly
1350           confusing to have variables in your program that looked like
1351           magical variables but weren't.
1352
1353       Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s
1354           (F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type that is
1355           already inside a group with a byte-order modifier.  For example you
1356           cannot force little-endianness on a type that is inside a big-
1357           endian group.
1358
1359       Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
1360           (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort
1361           comparisons.  You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or
1362           cmp operator, and the variable had earlier been declared as a
1363           lexical variable.  Either qualify the sort variable with the
1364           package name, or rename the lexical variable.
1365
1366       Can't use %s ref as %s ref
1367           (F) You've mixed up your reference types.  You have to dereference
1368           a reference of the type needed.  You can use the ref() function to
1369           test the type of the reference, if need be.
1370
1371       Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1372       Can't use string ("%s"...) as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1373           (F) You've told Perl to dereference a string, something which "use
1374           strict" blocks to prevent it happening accidentally.  See "Symbolic
1375           references" in perlref.  This can be triggered by an "@" or "$" in
1376           a double-quoted string immediately before interpolating a variable,
1377           for example in "user @$twitter_id", which says to treat the
1378           contents of $twitter_id as an array reference; use a "\" to have a
1379           literal "@" symbol followed by the contents of $twitter_id: "user
1380           \@$twitter_id".
1381
1382       Can't use subscript on %s
1383           (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
1384           subscript.  But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
1385           didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else
1386           subscriptable.
1387
1388       Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
1389           (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator
1390           that creates a reference to its argument.  The use of backslash to
1391           indicate a backreference to a matched substring is valid only as
1392           part of a regular expression pattern.  Trying to do this in
1393           ordinary Perl code produces a value that prints out looking like
1394           SCALAR(0xdecaf).  Use the $1 form instead.
1395
1396       Can't weaken a nonreference
1397           (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference.
1398           Only references can be weakened.
1399
1400       Can't "when" outside a topicalizer
1401           (F) You have used a when() block that is neither inside a "foreach"
1402           loop nor a "given" block.  (Note that this error is issued on exit
1403           from the "when" block, so you won't get the error if the match
1404           fails, or if you use an explicit "continue".)
1405
1406       Can't x= to read-only value
1407           (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined
1408           value) with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the
1409           value itself.  Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary,
1410           and repeat that.
1411
1412       Character following "\c" must be printable ASCII
1413           (F) In "\cX", X must be a printable (non-control) ASCII character.
1414
1415           Note that ASCII characters that don't map to control characters are
1416           discouraged, and will generate the warning (when enabled) ""\c%c"
1417           is more clearly written simply as "%s"".
1418
1419       Character following \%c must be '{' or a single-character Unicode
1420       property name in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1421           (F) (In the above the %c is replaced by either "p" or "P".)  You
1422           specified something that isn't a legal Unicode property name.  Most
1423           Unicode properties are specified by "\p{...}".  But if the name is
1424           a single character one, the braces may be omitted.
1425
1426       Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack
1427           (W pack) You said
1428
1429               pack("C", $x)
1430
1431           where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the "C" format is
1432           only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII,
1433           EBCDIC, and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved
1434           as if you meant
1435
1436               pack("C", $x & 255)
1437
1438           If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the "U" format
1439           instead.
1440
1441       Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack
1442           (W pack) You said
1443
1444               pack("c", $x)
1445
1446           where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the "c" format
1447           is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII,
1448           EBCDIC, and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved
1449           as if you meant
1450
1451               pack("c", $x & 255);
1452
1453           If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the "U" format
1454           instead.
1455
1456       Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1457           (W unpack) You tried something like
1458
1459              unpack("H", "\x{2a1}")
1460
1461           where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a
1462           value below 256), but a higher value was provided instead.  Perl
1463           uses the value modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1464
1465              unpack("H", "\x{a1}")
1466
1467       Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack
1468           (W pack) You said
1469
1470               pack("U0W", $x)
1471
1472           where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255.  However,
1473           "U0"-mode expects all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so
1474           Perl behaved as if you meant:
1475
1476               pack("U0W", $x & 255)
1477
1478       Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack
1479           (W pack) You tried something like
1480
1481              pack("u", "\x{1f3}b")
1482
1483           where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character
1484           with a value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher
1485           value.  Perl uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if
1486           you had provided:
1487
1488              pack("u", "\x{f3}b")
1489
1490       Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1491           (W unpack) You tried something like
1492
1493              unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b")
1494
1495           where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character
1496           with a value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher
1497           value.  Perl uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if
1498           you had provided:
1499
1500              unpack("s", "\x{f3}b")
1501
1502       charnames alias definitions may not contain a sequence of multiple
1503       spaces; marked by <-- HERE in %s
1504           (F) You defined a character name which had multiple space
1505           characters in a row.  Change them to single spaces.  Usually these
1506           names are defined in the ":alias" import argument to "use
1507           charnames", but they could be defined by a translator installed
1508           into $^H{charnames}.  See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in charnames.
1509
1510       charnames alias definitions may not contain trailing white-space;
1511       marked by <-- HERE in %s
1512           (F) You defined a character name which ended in a space character.
1513           Remove the trailing space(s).  Usually these names are defined in
1514           the ":alias" import argument to "use charnames", but they could be
1515           defined by a translator installed into $^H{charnames}.  See "CUSTOM
1516           ALIASES" in charnames.
1517
1518       chdir() on unopened filehandle %s
1519           (W unopened) You tried chdir() on a filehandle that was never
1520           opened.
1521
1522       "\c%c" is more clearly written simply as "%s"
1523           (W syntax) The "\cX" construct is intended to be a way to specify
1524           non-printable characters.  You used it for a printable one, which
1525           is better written as simply itself, perhaps preceded by a backslash
1526           for non-word characters.  Doing it the way you did is not portable
1527           between ASCII and EBCDIC platforms.
1528
1529       Cloning substitution context is unimplemented
1530           (F) Creating a new thread inside the "s///" operator is not
1531           supported.
1532
1533       closedir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
1534           (W io) The dirhandle you tried to close is either closed or not
1535           really a dirhandle.  Check your control flow.
1536
1537       close() on unopened filehandle %s
1538           (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
1539
1540       Closure prototype called
1541           (F) If a closure has attributes, the subroutine passed to an
1542           attribute handler is the prototype that is cloned when a new
1543           closure is created.  This subroutine cannot be called.
1544
1545       \C no longer supported in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1546           (F) The \C character class used to allow a match of single byte
1547           within a multi-byte utf-8 character, but was removed in v5.24 as it
1548           broke encapsulation and its implementation was extremely buggy.  If
1549           you really need to process the individual bytes, you probably want
1550           to convert your string to one where each underlying byte is stored
1551           as a character, with utf8::encode().
1552
1553       Code missing after '/'
1554           (F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'.  There must be
1555           another template code following the slash.  See "pack" in perlfunc.
1556
1557       Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, and not portable
1558           (S non_unicode) You had a code point that has never been in any
1559           standard, so it is likely that languages other than Perl will NOT
1560           understand it.  At one time, it was legal in some standards to have
1561           code points up to 0x7FFF_FFFF, but not higher, and this code point
1562           is higher.
1563
1564           Acceptance of these code points is a Perl extension, and you should
1565           expect that nothing other than Perl can handle them; Perl itself on
1566           EBCDIC platforms before v5.24 does not handle them.
1567
1568           Code points above 0xFFFF_FFFF require larger than a 32 bit word.
1569
1570           Perl also makes no guarantees that the representation of these code
1571           points won't change at some point in the future, say when machines
1572           become available that have larger than a 64-bit word.  At that
1573           time, files written by an older Perl would require conversion
1574           before being readable by a newer Perl.
1575
1576       Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, may not be portable
1577           (S non_unicode) You had a code point above the Unicode maximum of
1578           U+10FFFF.
1579
1580           Perl allows strings to contain a superset of Unicode code points,
1581           but these may not be accepted by other languages/systems.  Further,
1582           even if these languages/systems accept these large code points,
1583           they may have chosen a different representation for them than the
1584           UTF-8-like one that Perl has, which would mean files are not
1585           exchangeable between them and Perl.
1586
1587           On EBCDIC platforms, code points above 0x3FFF_FFFF have a different
1588           representation in Perl v5.24 than before, so any file containing
1589           these that was written before that version will require conversion
1590           before being readable by a later Perl.
1591
1592       %s: Command not found
1593           (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh or another
1594           shell instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1595           script into Perl yourself.  The #! line at the top of your file
1596           could look like
1597
1598             #!/usr/bin/perl
1599
1600       %s: command not found
1601           (A) You've accidentally run your script through bash or another
1602           shell instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1603           script into Perl yourself.  The #! line at the top of your file
1604           could look like
1605
1606             #!/usr/bin/perl
1607
1608       %s: command not found: %s
1609           (A) You've accidentally run your script through zsh or another
1610           shell instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1611           script into Perl yourself.  The #! line at the top of your file
1612           could look like
1613
1614             #!/usr/bin/perl
1615
1616       Compilation failed in require
1617           (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a "require"
1618           statement.  Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors
1619           that it encountered were severe enough to halt compilation
1620           immediately.
1621
1622       Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
1623           (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex
1624           situations where back-tracking is required.  Recursion depth is
1625           limited to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack
1626           cannot grow arbitrarily.  ("Simple" and "medium" situations are
1627           handled without recursion and are not subject to a limit.)  Try
1628           shortening the string under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g.
1629           with "while") rather than in the regular expression engine; or
1630           rewriting the regular expression so that it is simpler or
1631           backtracks less.  (See perlfaq2 for information on Mastering
1632           Regular Expressions.)
1633
1634       connect() on closed socket %s
1635           (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket.  Did you
1636           forget to check the return value of your socket() call?  See
1637           "connect" in perlfunc.
1638
1639       Constant(%s): Call to &{$^H{%s}} did not return a defined value
1640           (F) The subroutine registered to handle constant overloading (see
1641           overload) or a custom charnames handler (see "CUSTOM TRANSLATORS"
1642           in charnames) returned an undefined value.
1643
1644       Constant(%s): $^H{%s} is not defined
1645           (F) The parser found inconsistencies while attempting to define an
1646           overloaded constant.  Perhaps you forgot to load the corresponding
1647           overload pragma?
1648
1649       Constant is not %s reference
1650           (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the "use constant"
1651           pragma) is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of
1652           reference.  The message indicates the type of reference that was
1653           expected.  This usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing
1654           the constant value.  See "Constant Functions" in perlsub and
1655           constant.
1656
1657       Constants from lexical variables potentially modified elsewhere are
1658       deprecated. This will not be allowed in Perl 5.32
1659           (D deprecated) You wrote something like
1660
1661               my $var;
1662               $sub = sub () { $var };
1663
1664           but $var is referenced elsewhere and could be modified after the
1665           "sub" expression is evaluated.  Either it is explicitly modified
1666           elsewhere ("$var = 3") or it is passed to a subroutine or to an
1667           operator like "printf" or "map", which may or may not modify the
1668           variable.
1669
1670           Traditionally, Perl has captured the value of the variable at that
1671           point and turned the subroutine into a constant eligible for
1672           inlining.  In those cases where the variable can be modified
1673           elsewhere, this breaks the behavior of closures, in which the
1674           subroutine captures the variable itself, rather than its value, so
1675           future changes to the variable are reflected in the subroutine's
1676           return value.
1677
1678           This usage is deprecated, and will no longer be allowed in Perl
1679           5.32, making it possible to change the behavior in the future.
1680
1681           If you intended for the subroutine to be eligible for inlining,
1682           then make sure the variable is not referenced elsewhere, possibly
1683           by copying it:
1684
1685               my $var2 = $var;
1686               $sub = sub () { $var2 };
1687
1688           If you do want this subroutine to be a closure that reflects future
1689           changes to the variable that it closes over, add an explicit
1690           "return":
1691
1692               my $var;
1693               $sub = sub () { return $var };
1694
1695       Constant subroutine %s redefined
1696           (W redefine)(S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously
1697           been eligible for inlining.  See "Constant Functions" in perlsub
1698           for commentary and workarounds.
1699
1700       Constant subroutine %s undefined
1701           (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been
1702           eligible for inlining.  See "Constant Functions" in perlsub for
1703           commentary and workarounds.
1704
1705       Constant(%s) unknown
1706           (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to
1707           define an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character
1708           name specified in the "\N{...}" escape.  Perhaps you forgot to load
1709           the corresponding overload pragma?
1710
1711       :const is experimental
1712           (S experimental::const_attr) The "const" attribute is experimental.
1713           If you want to use the feature, disable the warning with "no
1714           warnings 'experimental::const_attr'", but know that in doing so you
1715           are taking the risk that your code may break in a future Perl
1716           version.
1717
1718       :const is not permitted on named subroutines
1719           (F) The "const" attribute causes an anonymous subroutine to be run
1720           and its value captured at the time that it is cloned.  Named
1721           subroutines are not cloned like this, so the attribute does not
1722           make sense on them.
1723
1724       Copy method did not return a reference
1725           (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy.  See "Copy
1726           Constructor" in overload.
1727
1728       &CORE::%s cannot be called directly
1729           (F) You tried to call a subroutine in the "CORE::" namespace with
1730           &foo syntax or through a reference.  Some subroutines in this
1731           package cannot yet be called that way, but must be called as
1732           barewords.  Something like this will work:
1733
1734               BEGIN { *shove = \&CORE::push; }
1735               shove @array, 1,2,3; # pushes on to @array
1736
1737       CORE::%s is not a keyword
1738           (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
1739
1740       Corrupted regexp opcode %d > %d
1741           (P) This is either an error in Perl, or, if you're using one, your
1742           custom regular expression engine.  If not the latter, report the
1743           problem through the perlbug utility.
1744
1745       corrupted regexp pointers
1746           (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
1747           expression compiler gave it.
1748
1749       corrupted regexp program
1750           (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program
1751           without a valid magic number.
1752
1753       Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%x at 0x%x
1754           (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal
1755           failure.
1756
1757       Count after length/code in unpack
1758           (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string,
1759           but you have also specified an explicit size for the string.  See
1760           "pack" in perlfunc.
1761
1762       Declaring references is experimental
1763           (S experimental::declared_refs) This warning is emitted if you use
1764           a reference constructor on the right-hand side of "my", "state",
1765           "our", or "local".  Simply suppress the warning if you want to use
1766           the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking the risk of
1767           using an experimental feature which may change or be removed in a
1768           future Perl version:
1769
1770               no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
1771               use feature "declared_refs";
1772               $fooref = my \$foo;
1773
1774       Deep recursion on anonymous subroutine
1775       Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
1776           (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or
1777           indirectly) 100 times more than it has returned.  This probably
1778           indicates an infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange
1779           benchmark programs, in which case it indicates something else.
1780
1781           This threshold can be changed from 100, by recompiling the perl
1782           binary, setting the C pre-processor macro "PERL_SUB_DEPTH_WARN" to
1783           the desired value.
1784
1785       (?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
1786       m/%s/
1787           (F) You used something like "(?(DEFINE)...|..)" which is illegal.
1788           The most likely cause of this error is that you left out a
1789           parenthesis inside of the "...." part.
1790
1791           The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
1792           problem was discovered.
1793
1794       %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed
1795           (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file
1796           there are neither package declarations nor a $VERSION.
1797
1798       delete argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice
1799           (F) The argument to "delete" must be either a hash or array
1800           element, such as:
1801
1802               $foo{$bar}
1803               $ref->{"susie"}[12]
1804
1805           or a hash or array slice, such as:
1806
1807               @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
1808               @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
1809
1810           or a hash key/value or array index/value slice, such as:
1811
1812               %foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
1813               %{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
1814
1815       Delimiter for here document is too long
1816           (F) In a here document construct like "<<FOO", the label "FOO" is
1817           too long for Perl to handle.  You have to be seriously twisted to
1818           write code that triggers this error.
1819
1820       Deprecated use of my() in false conditional. This will be a fatal error
1821       in Perl 5.30
1822           (D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to "my $x if 0".
1823           There has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical
1824           variable not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration
1825           includes a false conditional.  Some people have exploited this bug
1826           to achieve a kind of static variable.  Since we intend to fix this
1827           bug, we don't want people relying on this behavior.  You can
1828           achieve a similar static effect by declaring the variable in a
1829           separate block outside the function, eg
1830
1831               sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
1832
1833           becomes
1834
1835               { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
1836
1837           Beginning with perl 5.10.0, you can also use "state" variables to
1838           have lexicals that are initialized only once (see feature):
1839
1840               sub f { state $x; return $x++ }
1841
1842           This use of "my()" in a false conditional has been deprecated since
1843           Perl 5.10, and it will become a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
1844
1845       DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'
1846           (F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which
1847           is just being DESTROYed.  Perl is confused, and prefers to abort
1848           rather than to create a dangling reference.
1849
1850       Did not produce a valid header
1851           See "500 Server error".
1852
1853       %s did not return a true value
1854           (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate
1855           that it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code
1856           correctly.  It's traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though
1857           any true value would do.  See "require" in perlfunc.
1858
1859       (Did you mean &%s instead?)
1860           (W misc) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as
1861           $FOO or some such.
1862
1863       (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?)
1864           (W shadow) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared
1865           global variable.  You have declared it again in the same lexical
1866           scope, which seems superfluous.
1867
1868       (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)
1869           (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or
1870           @hash{@keys}.  On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and
1871           got carried away.
1872
1873       Died
1874           (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of "die """)
1875           or you called it with no args and $@ was empty.
1876
1877       Document contains no data
1878           See "500 Server error".
1879
1880       %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed
1881           (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not
1882           define a $VERSION.
1883
1884       '/' does not take a repeat count
1885           (F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/'
1886           code.  See "pack" in perlfunc.
1887
1888       do "%s" failed, '.' is no longer in @INC; did you mean do "./%s"?
1889           (D deprecated) Previously " do "somefile"; " would search the
1890           current directory for the specified file.  Since perl v5.26.0, .
1891           has been removed from @INC by default, so this is no longer true.
1892           To search the current directory (and only the current directory)
1893           you can write " do "./somefile"; ".
1894
1895       Don't know how to get file name
1896           (P) "PerlIO_getname", a perl internal I/O function specific to VMS,
1897           was somehow called on another platform.  This should not happen.
1898
1899       Don't know how to handle magic of type \%o
1900           (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1901
1902       do_study: out of memory
1903           (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
1904
1905       (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
1906           (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
1907           message "%s found where operator expected".  It often means a
1908           subroutine or module name is being referenced that hasn't been
1909           declared yet.  This may be because of ordering problems in your
1910           file, or because of a missing "sub", "package", "require", or "use"
1911           statement.  If you're referencing something that isn't defined yet,
1912           you don't actually have to define the subroutine or package before
1913           the current location.  You can use an empty "sub foo;" or "package
1914           FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration.
1915
1916       dump() must be written as CORE::dump() as of Perl 5.30
1917           (F) You used the obsolete "dump()" built-in function.  That was
1918           deprecated in Perl 5.8.0.  As of Perl 5.30 it must be written in
1919           fully qualified format: "CORE::dump()".
1920
1921           See "dump" in perlfunc.
1922
1923       dump is not supported
1924           (F) Your machine doesn't support dump/undump.
1925
1926       Duplicate free() ignored
1927           (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
1928           already been freed.
1929
1930       Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s
1931           (W unpack) You have applied the same modifier more than once after
1932           a type in a pack template.  See "pack" in perlfunc.
1933
1934       elseif should be elsif
1935           (S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry
1936           thinks it's ugly.  Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to
1937           call a method named "elseif" for the class returned by the
1938           following block.  This is unlikely to be what you want.
1939
1940       Empty \%c in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1941       Empty \%c{}
1942       Empty \%c{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1943           (F) You used something like "\b{}", "\B{}", "\o{}", "\p", "\P", or
1944           "\x" without specifying anything for it to operate on.
1945
1946           Unfortunately, for backwards compatibility reasons, an empty "\x"
1947           is legal outside "use re 'strict'" and expands to a NUL character.
1948
1949       Empty (?) without any modifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1950           (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'") "(?)" does nothing, so
1951           perhaps this is a typo.
1952
1953       ${^ENCODING} is no longer supported
1954           (F) The special variable "${^ENCODING}", formerly used to implement
1955           the "encoding" pragma, is no longer supported as of Perl 5.26.0.
1956
1957           Setting it to anything other than "undef" is a fatal error as of
1958           Perl 5.28.
1959
1960       entering effective %s failed
1961           (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, switching the real and
1962           effective uids or gids failed.
1963
1964       %ENV is aliased to %s
1965           (F) You're running under taint mode, and the %ENV variable has been
1966           aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of
1967           the program's environment.  This is potentially insecure.
1968
1969       Error converting file specification %s
1970           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Because Perl may have to deal with
1971           file specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them
1972           to a single form when it must operate on them directly.  Either
1973           you've passed an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've
1974           found a case the conversion routines don't handle.  Drat.
1975
1976       Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1977           (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
1978           expression that contains the "(?{ ... })" zero-width assertion,
1979           which is unsafe.  See "(?{ code })" in perlre, and perlsec.
1980
1981       Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/
1982           (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the "(?{
1983           ... })" zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the
1984           pattern contains interpolated values.  Since that is a security
1985           risk, it is not allowed.  If you insist, you may still do this by
1986           using the "re 'eval'" pragma or by explicitly building the pattern
1987           from an interpolated string at run time and using that in an
1988           eval().  See "(?{ code })" in perlre.
1989
1990       Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/
1991           (F) A regular expression contained the "(?{ ... })" zero-width
1992           assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the "use re
1993           'eval'" pragma is in effect.  See "(?{ code })" in perlre.
1994
1995       EVAL without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
1996       m/%s/
1997           (F) You used a pattern that nested too many EVAL calls without
1998           consuming any text.  Restructure the pattern so that text is
1999           consumed.
2000
2001           The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2002           problem was discovered.
2003
2004       Excessively long <> operator
2005           (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size
2006           of a Perl identifier.  If you're just trying to glob a long list of
2007           filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into
2008           a variable and glob that.
2009
2010       exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system
2011           (F) The "exec" function is not implemented on some systems, e.g.,
2012           Symbian OS.  See perlport.
2013
2014       %sExecution of %s aborted due to compilation errors.
2015           (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
2016
2017       exists argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine
2018           (F) The argument to "exists" must be a hash or array element or a
2019           subroutine with an ampersand, such as:
2020
2021               $foo{$bar}
2022               $ref->{"susie"}[12]
2023               &do_something
2024
2025       exists argument is not a subroutine name
2026           (F) The argument to "exists" for "exists &sub" must be a subroutine
2027           name, and not a subroutine call.  "exists &sub()" will generate
2028           this error.
2029
2030       Exiting eval via %s
2031           (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such
2032           as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2033
2034       Exiting format via %s
2035           (W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such
2036           as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2037
2038       Exiting pseudo-block via %s
2039           (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like
2040           a sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a
2041           goto, or a loop control statement.  See "sort" in perlfunc.
2042
2043       Exiting subroutine via %s
2044           (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means,
2045           such as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2046
2047       Exiting substitution via %s
2048           (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means,
2049           such as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
2050
2051       Expecting close bracket in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2052           (F) You wrote something like
2053
2054            (?13
2055
2056           to denote a capturing group of the form "(?PARNO)", but omitted the
2057           ")".
2058
2059       Expecting close paren for nested extended charclass in regex; marked by
2060       <-- HERE in m/%s/
2061           (F) While parsing a nested extended character class like:
2062
2063               (?[ ... (?flags:(?[ ... ])) ... ])
2064                                        ^
2065
2066           we expected to see a close paren ')' (marked by ^) but did not.
2067
2068       Expecting close paren for wrapper for nested extended charclass in
2069       regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2070           (F) While parsing a nested extended character class like:
2071
2072               (?[ ... (?flags:(?[ ... ])) ... ])
2073                                         ^
2074
2075           we expected to see a close paren ')' (marked by ^) but did not.
2076
2077       Expecting '(?flags:(?[...' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2078           (F) The "(?[...])" extended character class regular expression
2079           construct only allows character classes (including character class
2080           escapes like "\d"), operators, and parentheses.  The one exception
2081           is "(?flags:...)"  containing at least one flag and exactly one
2082           "(?[...])" construct.  This allows a regular expression containing
2083           just "(?[...])" to be interpolated.  If you see this error message,
2084           then you probably have some other "(?...)" construct inside your
2085           character class.  See "Extended Bracketed Character Classes" in
2086           perlrecharclass.
2087
2088       Experimental aliasing via reference not enabled
2089           (F) To do aliasing via references, you must first enable the
2090           feature:
2091
2092               no warnings "experimental::refaliasing";
2093               use feature "refaliasing";
2094               \$x = \$y;
2095
2096       Experimental %s on scalar is now forbidden
2097           (F) An experimental feature added in Perl 5.14 allowed "each",
2098           "keys", "push", "pop", "shift", "splice", "unshift", and "values"
2099           to be called with a scalar argument.  This experiment is considered
2100           unsuccessful, and has been removed.  The "postderef" feature may
2101           meet your needs better.
2102
2103       Experimental subroutine signatures not enabled
2104           (F) To use subroutine signatures, you must first enable them:
2105
2106               no warnings "experimental::signatures";
2107               use feature "signatures";
2108               sub foo ($left, $right) { ... }
2109
2110       Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
2111           (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string.
2112           This has the effect of blessing the reference into the package
2113           main.  This is usually not what you want.  Consider providing a
2114           default target package, e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');
2115
2116       %s: Expression syntax
2117           (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
2118           Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
2119           yourself.
2120
2121       %s failed--call queue aborted
2122           (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a UNITCHECK,
2123           CHECK, INIT, or END subroutine.  Processing of the remainder of the
2124           queue of such routines has been prematurely ended.
2125
2126       Failed to close in-place work file %s: %s
2127           (F) Closing an output file from in-place editing, as with the "-i"
2128           command-line switch, failed.
2129
2130       False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2131           (W regexp)(F) A character class range must start and end at a
2132           literal character, not another character class like "\d" or
2133           "[:alpha:]".  The "-" in your false range is interpreted as a
2134           literal "-".  In a "(?[...])"  construct, this is an error, rather
2135           than a warning.  Consider quoting the "-", "\-".  The <-- HERE
2136           shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
2137           discovered.  See perlre.
2138
2139       Fatal VMS error (status=%d) at %s, line %d
2140           (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Something untoward happened in a VMS
2141           system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide
2142           more details.  The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line
2143           %d" tell you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.
2144
2145       fcntl is not implemented
2146           (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl().  What is
2147           this, a PDP-11 or something?
2148
2149       FETCHSIZE returned a negative value
2150           (F) A tied array claimed to have a negative number of elements,
2151           which is not possible.
2152
2153       Field too wide in 'u' format in pack
2154           (W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string starts with a length
2155           indicator which can't encode values above 63.  So there is no point
2156           in asking for a line length bigger than that.  Perl will behave as
2157           if you specified "u63" as the format.
2158
2159       File::Glob::glob() will disappear in perl 5.30. Use
2160       File::Glob::bsd_glob() instead.
2161           (D deprecated) "File::Glob" has a function called "glob", which
2162           just calls "bsd_glob". However, its prototype is different from the
2163           prototype of "CORE::glob", and hence, "File::Glob::glob" should not
2164           be used.
2165
2166           "File::Glob::glob()" was deprecated in perl 5.8.0. A deprecation
2167           message was issued from perl 5.26.0 onwards, and the function will
2168           disappear in perl 5.30.0.
2169
2170           Code using "File::Glob::glob()" should call
2171           "File::Glob::bsd_glob()" instead.
2172
2173       Filehandle %s opened only for input
2174           (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle.  If you
2175           intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it
2176           with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing.  If you
2177           intended only to write the file, use ">" or ">>".  See "open" in
2178           perlfunc.
2179
2180       Filehandle %s opened only for output
2181           (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing,
2182           If you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to
2183           open it with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with ">".  If you
2184           intended only to read from the file, use "<".  See "open" in
2185           perlfunc.  Another possibility is that you attempted to open
2186           filedescriptor 0 (also known as STDIN) for output (maybe you closed
2187           STDIN earlier?).
2188
2189       Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input
2190           (W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same
2191           filehandle id as STDOUT or STDERR.  This occurred because you
2192           closed STDOUT or STDERR previously.
2193
2194       Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output
2195           (W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same
2196           filehandle id as STDIN.  This occurred because you closed STDIN
2197           previously.
2198
2199       Final $ should be \$ or $name
2200           (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant
2201           to be a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable
2202           name that happens to be missing.  So you have to put either the
2203           backslash or the name.
2204
2205       flock() on closed filehandle %s
2206           (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself
2207           closed some time before now.  Check your control flow.  flock()
2208           operates on filehandles.  Are you attempting to call flock() on a
2209           dirhandle by the same name?
2210
2211       Format not terminated
2212           (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot.
2213           Perl got to the end of your file without finding such a line.
2214
2215       Format %s redefined
2216           (W redefine) You redefined a format.  To suppress this warning, say
2217
2218               {
2219                   no warnings 'redefine';
2220                   eval "format NAME =...";
2221               }
2222
2223       Found = in conditional, should be ==
2224           (W syntax) You said
2225
2226               if ($foo = 123)
2227
2228           when you meant
2229
2230               if ($foo == 123)
2231
2232           (or something like that).
2233
2234       %s found where operator expected
2235           (S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an
2236           operator.  If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was
2237           expecting to see an operator, it gives you this warning.  Usually
2238           it indicates that an operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a
2239           semicolon.
2240
2241       gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
2242           (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
2243
2244       gethostent not implemented
2245           (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(),
2246           probably because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return
2247           every hostname on the Internet.
2248
2249       get%sname() on closed socket %s
2250           (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a
2251           closed socket.  Did you forget to check the return value of your
2252           socket() call?
2253
2254       getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
2255           (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  The call to "sys$getuai" underlying
2256           the "getpwnam" operator returned an invalid UIC.
2257
2258       getsockopt() on closed socket %s
2259           (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket.
2260           Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
2261           See "getsockopt" in perlfunc.
2262
2263       given is experimental
2264           (S experimental::smartmatch) "given" depends on smartmatch, which
2265           is experimental, so its behavior may change or even be removed in
2266           any future release of perl.  See the explanation under
2267           "Experimental Details on given and when" in perlsyn.
2268
2269       Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name (did you forget to
2270       declare "my %s"?)
2271           (F) You've said "use strict" or "use strict vars", which indicates
2272           that all variables must either be lexically scoped (using "my" or
2273           "state"), declared beforehand using "our", or explicitly qualified
2274           to say which package the global variable is in (using "::").
2275
2276       glob failed (%s)
2277           (S glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for
2278           "glob" and "<*.c>".  Usually, this means that you supplied a "glob"
2279           pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a
2280           nonzero status.  If the message indicates that the abnormal exit
2281           resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell)
2282           is broken.  If so, you should change all of the csh-related
2283           variables in config.sh:  If you have tcsh, make the variables refer
2284           to it as if it were csh (e.g. "full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'");
2285           otherwise, make them all empty (except that "d_csh" should be
2286           'undef') so that Perl will think csh is missing.  In either case,
2287           after editing config.sh, run "./Configure -S" and rebuild Perl.
2288
2289       Glob not terminated
2290           (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was
2291           expecting a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle
2292           bracket, and not finding it.  Chances are you left some needed
2293           parentheses out earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
2294           than".
2295
2296       gmtime(%f) failed
2297           (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that it could not
2298           handle: too large, too small, or NaN.  The returned value is
2299           "undef".
2300
2301       gmtime(%f) too large
2302           (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that was larger than
2303           it can reliably handle and "gmtime" probably returned the wrong
2304           date.  This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special not-a-
2305           number value).
2306
2307       gmtime(%f) too small
2308           (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that was smaller
2309           than it can reliably handle and "gmtime" probably returned the
2310           wrong date.
2311
2312       Got an error from DosAllocMem
2313           (P) An error peculiar to OS/2.  Most probably you're using an
2314           obsolete version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
2315
2316       goto must have label
2317           (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
2318           unspecified destination.  See "goto" in perlfunc.
2319
2320       Goto undefined subroutine%s
2321           (F) You tried to call a subroutine with "goto &sub" syntax, but the
2322           indicated subroutine hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has
2323           since been undefined.
2324
2325       Group name must start with a non-digit word character in regex; marked
2326       by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2327           (F) Group names must follow the rules for perl identifiers, meaning
2328           they must start with a non-digit word character.  A common cause of
2329           this error is using (?&0) instead of (?0).  See perlre.
2330
2331       ()-group starts with a count
2332           (F) A ()-group started with a count.  A count is supposed to follow
2333           something: a template character or a ()-group.  See "pack" in
2334           perlfunc.
2335
2336       %s had compilation errors.
2337           (F) The final summary message when a "perl -c" fails.
2338
2339       Had to create %s unexpectedly
2340           (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that
2341           ought to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and
2342           had to be created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
2343
2344       %s has too many errors
2345           (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10
2346           errors.  Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
2347
2348       Hexadecimal float: exponent overflow
2349           (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a larger exponent
2350           than the floating point supports.
2351
2352       Hexadecimal float: exponent underflow
2353           (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a smaller exponent
2354           than the floating point supports.  With the IEEE 754 floating
2355           point, this may also mean that the subnormals (formerly known as
2356           denormals) are being used, which may or may not be an error.
2357
2358       Hexadecimal float: internal error (%s)
2359           (F) Something went horribly bad in hexadecimal float handling.
2360
2361       Hexadecimal float: mantissa overflow
2362           (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point literal had more bits
2363           in the mantissa (the part between the 0x and the exponent, also
2364           known as the fraction or the significand) than the floating point
2365           supports.
2366
2367       Hexadecimal float: precision loss
2368           (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point had internally more
2369           digits than could be output.  This can be caused by unsupported
2370           long double formats, or by 64-bit integers not being available
2371           (needed to retrieve the digits under some configurations).
2372
2373       Hexadecimal float: unsupported long double format
2374           (F) You have configured Perl to use long doubles but the internals
2375           of the long double format are unknown; therefore the hexadecimal
2376           float output is impossible.
2377
2378       Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
2379           (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than
2380           2**32-1 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems.
2381           See perlport for more on portability concerns.
2382
2383       Identifier too long
2384           (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.)
2385           to about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for
2386           compound names (like $A::B).  You've exceeded Perl's limits.
2387           Future versions of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary
2388           limitations.
2389
2390       Ignoring zero length \N{} in character class in regex; marked by
2391       <-- HERE in m/%s/
2392           (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a
2393           zero-length sequence.  When such an escape is used in a character
2394           class its behavior is not well defined.  Check that the correct
2395           escape has been used, and the correct charname handler is in scope.
2396
2397       Illegal binary digit '%c'
2398           (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
2399
2400       Illegal binary digit %s ignored
2401           (W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a
2402           binary number.  Interpretation of the binary number stopped before
2403           the offending digit.
2404
2405       Illegal character after '_' in prototype for %s : %s
2406           (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype
2407           declaration.  The '_' in a prototype must be followed by a ';',
2408           indicating the rest of the parameters are optional, or one of '@'
2409           or '%', since those two will accept 0 or more final parameters.
2410
2411       Illegal character \%o (carriage return)
2412           (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
2413           would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this
2414           error when Perl was built using standard options.  For some reason,
2415           your version of Perl appears to have been built without this
2416           support.  Talk to your Perl administrator.
2417
2418       Illegal character following sigil in a subroutine signature
2419           (F) A parameter in a subroutine signature contained an unexpected
2420           character following the "$", "@" or "%" sigil character.  Normally
2421           the sigil should be followed by the variable name or "=" etc.
2422           Perhaps you are trying use a prototype while in the scope of "use
2423           feature 'signatures'"?  For example:
2424
2425               sub foo ($$) {}            # legal - a prototype
2426
2427               use feature 'signatures;
2428               sub foo ($$) {}            # illegal - was expecting a signature
2429               sub foo ($a, $b)
2430                       :prototype($$) {}  # legal
2431
2432       Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s
2433           (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype
2434           declaration.  Legal characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [,
2435           ], &, \, and +.  Perhaps you were trying to write a subroutine
2436           signature but didn't enable that feature first ("use feature
2437           'signatures'"), so your signature was instead interpreted as a bad
2438           prototype.
2439
2440       Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine
2441           (F) When using the "sub" keyword to construct an anonymous
2442           subroutine, you must always specify a block of code.  See perlsub.
2443
2444       Illegal declaration of subroutine %s
2445           (F) A subroutine was not declared correctly.  See perlsub.
2446
2447       Illegal division by zero
2448           (F) You tried to divide a number by 0.  Either something was wrong
2449           in your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against
2450           meaningless input.
2451
2452       Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored
2453           (W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or
2454           A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number.  Interpretation of the
2455           hexadecimal number stopped before the illegal character.
2456
2457       Illegal modulus zero
2458           (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder.  Most
2459           numbers don't take to this kindly.
2460
2461       Illegal number of bits in vec
2462           (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a
2463           power of two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).
2464
2465       Illegal octal digit '%c'
2466           (F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
2467
2468       Illegal octal digit %s ignored
2469           (W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
2470           Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
2471
2472       Illegal operator following parameter in a subroutine signature
2473           (F) A parameter in a subroutine signature, was followed by
2474           something other than "=" introducing a default, "," or ")".
2475
2476               use feature 'signatures';
2477               sub foo ($=1) {}           # legal
2478               sub foo ($a = 1) {}        # legal
2479               sub foo ($a += 1) {}       # illegal
2480               sub foo ($a == 1) {}       # illegal
2481
2482       Illegal pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2483           (F) You wrote something like
2484
2485            (?+foo)
2486
2487           The "+" is valid only when followed by digits, indicating a
2488           capturing group.  See "(?PARNO)".
2489
2490       Illegal suidscript
2491           (F) The script run under suidperl was somehow illegal.
2492
2493       Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: -%c
2494           (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
2495           following switches: -[CDIMUdmtw].
2496
2497       Illegal user-defined property name
2498           (F) You specified a Unicode-like property name in a regular
2499           expression pattern (using "\p{}" or "\P{}") that Perl knows isn't
2500           an official Unicode property, and was likely meant to be a user-
2501           defined property name, but it can't be one of those, as they must
2502           begin with either "In" or "Is".  Check the spelling.  See also
2503           "Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"".
2504
2505       Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
2506           (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Perl tried to read the
2507           CRTL's internal environ array, and encountered an element without
2508           the "=" delimiter used to separate keys from values.  The element
2509           is ignored.
2510
2511       Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
2512           (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Perl tried to read a
2513           logical name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate
2514           over %ENV, and didn't see the expected delimiter between key and
2515           value, so the line was ignored.
2516
2517       (in cleanup) %s
2518           (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method
2519           raised the indicated exception.  Since destructors are usually
2520           called by the system at arbitrary points during execution, and
2521           often a vast number of times, the warning is issued only once for
2522           any number of failures that would otherwise result in the same
2523           message being repeated.
2524
2525           Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the "G_KEEPERR" flag
2526           could also result in this warning.  See "G_KEEPERR" in perlcall.
2527
2528       Incomplete expression within '(?[ ])' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2529       m/%s/
2530           (F) There was a syntax error within the "(?[ ])".  This can happen
2531           if the expression inside the construct was completely empty, or if
2532           there are too many or few operands for the number of operators.
2533           Perl is not smart enough to give you a more precise indication as
2534           to what is wrong.
2535
2536       Inconsistent hierarchy during C3 merge of class '%s': merging failed on
2537       parent '%s'
2538           (F) The method resolution order (MRO) of the given class is not
2539           C3-consistent, and you have enabled the C3 MRO for this class.  See
2540           the C3 documentation in mro for more information.
2541
2542       Indentation on line %d of here-doc doesn't match delimiter
2543           (F) You have an indented here-document where one or more of its
2544           lines have whitespace at the beginning that does not match the
2545           closing delimiter.
2546
2547           For example, line 2 below is wrong because it does not have at
2548           least 2 spaces, but lines 1 and 3 are fine because they have at
2549           least 2:
2550
2551               if ($something) {
2552                 print <<~EOF;
2553                   Line 1
2554                  Line 2 not
2555                     Line 3
2556                   EOF
2557               }
2558
2559           Note that tabs and spaces are compared strictly, meaning 1 tab will
2560           not match 8 spaces.
2561
2562       Infinite recursion in regex
2563           (F) You used a pattern that references itself without consuming any
2564           input text.  You should check the pattern to ensure that recursive
2565           patterns either consume text or fail.
2566
2567       Infinite recursion via empty pattern
2568           (F) You tried to use the empty pattern inside of a regex code
2569           block, for instance "/(?{ s!!! })/", which resulted in re-executing
2570           the same pattern, which is an infinite loop which is broken by
2571           throwing an exception.
2572
2573       Initialization of state variables in list currently forbidden
2574           (F) "state" only permits initializing a single variable, specified
2575           without parentheses.  So "state $a = 42" and "state @a = qw(a b c)"
2576           are allowed, but not "state ($a) = 42" or "(state $a) = 42".  To
2577           initialize more than one "state" variable, initialize them one at a
2578           time.
2579
2580       %%s[%s] in scalar context better written as $%s[%s]
2581           (W syntax) In scalar context, you've used an array index/value
2582           slice (indicated by %) to select a single element of an array.
2583           Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).
2584           The difference is that $foo[&bar] always behaves like a scalar,
2585           both in the value it returns and when evaluating its argument,
2586           while %foo[&bar] provides a list context to its subscript, which
2587           can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.  When
2588           called in list context, it also returns the index (what &bar
2589           returns) in addition to the value.
2590
2591       %%s{%s} in scalar context better written as $%s{%s}
2592           (W syntax) In scalar context, you've used a hash key/value slice
2593           (indicated by %) to select a single element of a hash.  Generally
2594           it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).  The
2595           difference is that $foo{&bar} always behaves like a scalar, both in
2596           the value it returns and when evaluating its argument, while
2597           @foo{&bar} and provides a list context to its subscript, which can
2598           do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.  When
2599           called in list context, it also returns the key in addition to the
2600           value.
2601
2602       Insecure dependency in %s
2603           (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't
2604           like.  The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running
2605           setuid or setgid, or when you specify -T to turn it on explicitly.
2606           The tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or
2607           indirectly from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your
2608           trust.  If any such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you
2609           get this error.  See perlsec for more information.
2610
2611       Insecure directory in %s
2612           (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2613           setgid script if $ENV{PATH} contains a directory that is writable
2614           by the world.  Also, the PATH must not contain any relative
2615           directory.  See perlsec.
2616
2617       Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
2618           (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2619           setgid script if any of $ENV{PATH}, $ENV{IFS}, $ENV{CDPATH},
2620           $ENV{ENV}, $ENV{BASH_ENV} or $ENV{TERM} are derived from data
2621           supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user.  The script must
2622           set the path to a known value, using trustworthy data.  See
2623           perlsec.
2624
2625       Insecure user-defined property %s
2626           (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
2627           expression that contains a call to a user-defined character
2628           property function, i.e. "\p{IsFoo}" or "\p{InFoo}".  See "User-
2629           Defined Character Properties" in perlunicode and perlsec.
2630
2631       Integer overflow in format string for %s
2632           (F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of
2633           "printf()" or "sprintf()" are too large.  The numbers must not
2634           overflow the size of integers for your architecture.
2635
2636       Integer overflow in %s number
2637           (S overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have
2638           specified either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct()
2639           is too big for your architecture, and has been converted to a
2640           floating point number.  On a 32-bit architecture the largest
2641           hexadecimal, octal or binary number representable without overflow
2642           is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or 0b11111111111111111111111111111111
2643           respectively.  Note that Perl transparently promotes all numbers to
2644           a floating point representation internally--subject to loss of
2645           precision errors in subsequent operations.
2646
2647       Integer overflow in srand
2648           (S overflow) The number you have passed to srand is too big to fit
2649           in your architecture's integer representation.  The number has been
2650           replaced with the largest integer supported (0xFFFFFFFF on 32-bit
2651           architectures).  This means you may be getting less randomness than
2652           you expect, because different random seeds above the maximum will
2653           return the same sequence of random numbers.
2654
2655       Integer overflow in version
2656       Integer overflow in version %d
2657           (W overflow) Some portion of a version initialization is too large
2658           for the size of integers for your architecture.  This is not a
2659           warning because there is no rational reason for a version to try
2660           and use an element larger than typically 2**32.  This is usually
2661           caused by trying to use some odd mathematical operation as a
2662           version, like 100/9.
2663
2664       Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2665           (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
2666           The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2667           problem was discovered.
2668
2669       Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
2670           (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Perl keeps track of the number of
2671           times you've called "fork" and "exec", to determine whether the
2672           current call to "exec" should affect the current script or a
2673           subprocess (see "exec LIST" in perlvms).  Somehow, this count has
2674           become scrambled, so Perl is making a guess and treating this
2675           "exec" as a request to terminate the Perl script and execute the
2676           specified command.
2677
2678       internal %<num>p might conflict with future printf extensions
2679           (S internal) Perl's internal routine that handles "printf" and
2680           "sprintf" formatting follows a slightly different set of rules when
2681           called from C or XS code.  Specifically, formats consisting of
2682           digits followed by "p" (e.g., "%7p") are reserved for future use.
2683           If you see this message, then an XS module tried to call that
2684           routine with one such reserved format.
2685
2686       Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2687           (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser.
2688           The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2689           problem was discovered.
2690
2691       %s (...) interpreted as function
2692           (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list
2693           operator followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all
2694           the list operators arguments found inside the parentheses.  See
2695           "Terms and List Operators (Leftward)" in perlop.
2696
2697       In '(?...)', the '(' and '?' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2698       <-- HERE in m/%s/
2699           (F) The two-character sequence "(?" in this context in a regular
2700           expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2701           intervening between the "(" and the "?", but you separated them
2702           with whitespace.
2703
2704       In '(*...)', the '(' and '*' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2705       <-- HERE in m/%s/
2706           (F) The two-character sequence "(*" in this context in a regular
2707           expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2708           intervening between the "(" and the "*", but you separated them.
2709           Fix the pattern and retry.
2710
2711       Invalid %s attribute: %s
2712           (F) The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not
2713           recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler.  See attributes.
2714
2715       Invalid %s attributes: %s
2716           (F) The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not
2717           recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler.  See attributes.
2718
2719       Invalid character in charnames alias definition; marked by <-- HERE in
2720       '%s
2721           (F) You tried to create a custom alias for a character name, with
2722           the ":alias" option to "use charnames" and the specified character
2723           in the indicated name isn't valid.  See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in
2724           charnames.
2725
2726       Invalid \0 character in %s for %s: %s\0%s
2727           (W syscalls) Embedded \0 characters in pathnames or other system
2728           call arguments produce a warning as of 5.20.  The parts after the
2729           \0 were formerly ignored by system calls.
2730
2731       Invalid character in \N{...}; marked by <-- HERE in \N{%s}
2732           (F) Only certain characters are valid for character names.  The
2733           indicated one isn't.  See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in charnames.
2734
2735       Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
2736           (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion.
2737           See "sprintf" in perlfunc.
2738
2739       Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regex; marked by <-- HERE
2740       in m/%s/
2741           (W regexp)(F) The numeric escape (for example "\xHH") of value <
2742           256 didn't correspond to a single character through the conversion
2743           from the encoding specified by the encoding pragma.  The escape was
2744           replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (U+FFFD) instead, except within
2745           "(?[   ])", where it is a fatal error.  The <-- HERE shows
2746           whereabouts in the regular expression the escape was discovered.
2747
2748       Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...}
2749       Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2750       m/%s/
2751           (F) The character constant represented by "..." is not a valid
2752           hexadecimal number.  Either it is empty, or you tried to use a
2753           character other than 0 - 9 or A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number.
2754
2755       Invalid module name %s with -%c option: contains single ':'
2756           (F) The module argument to perl's -m and -M command-line options
2757           cannot contain single colons in the module name, but only in the
2758           arguments after "=".  In other words, -MFoo::Bar=:baz is ok, but
2759           -MFoo:Bar=baz is not.
2760
2761       Invalid mro name: '%s'
2762           (F) You tried to "mro::set_mro("classname", "foo")" or "use mro
2763           'foo'", where "foo" is not a valid method resolution order (MRO).
2764           Currently, the only valid ones supported are "dfs" and "c3", unless
2765           you have loaded a module that is a MRO plugin.  See mro and
2766           perlmroapi.
2767
2768       Invalid negative number (%s) in chr
2769           (W utf8) You passed a negative number to "chr".  Negative numbers
2770           are not valid character numbers, so it returns the Unicode
2771           replacement character (U+FFFD).
2772
2773       Invalid number '%s' for -C option.
2774           (F) You supplied a number to the -C option that either has extra
2775           leading zeroes or overflows perl's unsigned integer representation.
2776
2777       invalid option -D%c, use -D'' to see choices
2778           (S debugging) Perl was called with invalid debugger flags.  Call
2779           perl with the -D option with no flags to see the list of acceptable
2780           values.  See also "-Dletters" in perlrun.
2781
2782       Invalid quantifier in {,} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2783           (F) The pattern looks like a {min,max} quantifier, but the min or
2784           max could not be parsed as a valid number - either it has leading
2785           zeroes, or it represents too big a number to cope with.  The
2786           <-- HERE shows where in the regular expression the problem was
2787           discovered.  See perlre.
2788
2789       Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2790           (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum
2791           character greater than the maximum character.  One possibility is
2792           that you forgot the "{}" from your ending "\x{}" - "\x" without the
2793           curly braces can go only up to "ff".  The <-- HERE shows
2794           whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
2795           See perlre.
2796
2797       Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator
2798           (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
2799           character greater than the maximum character.  See perlop.
2800
2801       Invalid separator character %s in attribute list
2802           (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the
2803           elements of an attribute list.  If the previous attribute had a
2804           parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too
2805           soon.  See attributes.
2806
2807       Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s
2808           (W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something
2809           other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a
2810           layer list.  If the previous attribute had a parenthesised
2811           parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
2812
2813       Invalid strict version format (%s)
2814           (F) A version number did not meet the "strict" criteria for
2815           versions.  A "strict" version number is a positive decimal number
2816           (integer or decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a
2817           dotted-decimal v-string with a leading 'v' character and at least
2818           three components.  The parenthesized text indicates which criteria
2819           were not met.  See the version module for more details on allowed
2820           version formats.
2821
2822       Invalid type '%s' in %s
2823           (F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type.  See
2824           "pack" in perlfunc.
2825
2826           (W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used
2827           to be silently ignored.
2828
2829       Invalid version format (%s)
2830           (F) A version number did not meet the "lax" criteria for versions.
2831           A "lax" version number is a positive decimal number (integer or
2832           decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a dotted-decimal
2833           v-string.  If the v-string has fewer than three components, it must
2834           have a leading 'v' character.  Otherwise, the leading 'v' is
2835           optional.  Both decimal and dotted-decimal versions may have a
2836           trailing "alpha" component separated by an underscore character
2837           after a fractional or dotted-decimal component.  The parenthesized
2838           text indicates which criteria were not met.  See the version module
2839           for more details on allowed version formats.
2840
2841       Invalid version object
2842           (F) The internal structure of the version object was invalid.
2843           Perhaps the internals were modified directly in some way or an
2844           arbitrary reference was blessed into the "version" class.
2845
2846       In '(*VERB...)', the '(' and '*' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2847       <-- HERE in m/%s/
2848           (F) The two-character sequence "(*" in this context in a regular
2849           expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2850           intervening between the "(" and the "*", but you separated them.
2851
2852       ioctl is not implemented
2853           (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is
2854           pretty strange for a machine that supports C.
2855
2856       ioctl() on unopened %s
2857           (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never
2858           opened.  Check your control flow and number of arguments.
2859
2860       IO layers (like '%s') unavailable
2861           (F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore
2862           you cannot use IO layers.  To have PerlIO, Perl must be configured
2863           with 'useperlio'.
2864
2865       IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture
2866           (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,
2867           neither as a system call nor an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).
2868
2869       '%s' is an unknown bound type in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2870           (F) You used "\b{...}" or "\B{...}" and the "..." is not known to
2871           Perl.  The current valid ones are given in "\b{}, \b, \B{}, \B" in
2872           perlrebackslash.
2873
2874       %s() isn't allowed on :utf8 handles
2875           (F) The sysread(), recv(), syswrite() and send() operators are not
2876           allowed on handles that have the ":utf8" layer, either explicitly,
2877           or implicitly, eg., with the ":encoding(UTF-16LE)" layer.
2878
2879           Previously sysread() and recv() currently use only the ":utf8" flag
2880           for the stream, ignoring the actual layers.  Since sysread() and
2881           recv() did no UTF-8 validation they can end up creating invalidly
2882           encoded scalars.
2883
2884           Similarly, syswrite() and send() used only the ":utf8" flag,
2885           otherwise ignoring any layers.  If the flag is set, both wrote the
2886           value UTF-8 encoded, even if the layer is some different encoding,
2887           such as the example above.
2888
2889           Ideally, all of these operators would completely ignore the ":utf8"
2890           state, working only with bytes, but this would result in silently
2891           breaking existing code.
2892
2893       "%s" is more clearly written simply as "%s" in regex; marked by
2894       <-- HERE in m/%s/
2895           (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
2896
2897           You specified a character that has the given plainer way of writing
2898           it, and which is also portable to platforms running with different
2899           character sets.
2900
2901       $* is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30
2902           (F) The special variable $*, deprecated in older perls, was removed
2903           in 5.10.0, is no longer supported and is a fatal error as of Perl
2904           5.30.  In previous versions of perl the use of $* enabled or
2905           disabled multi-line matching within a string.
2906
2907           Instead of using $* you should use the "/m" (and maybe "/s") regexp
2908           modifiers.  You can enable "/m" for a lexical scope (even a whole
2909           file) with "use re '/m'".  (In older versions: when $* was set to a
2910           true value then all regular expressions behaved as if they were
2911           written using "/m".)
2912
2913           Use of this variable will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
2914
2915       $# is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30
2916           (F) The special variable $#, deprecated in older perls, was removed
2917           as of 5.10.0, is no longer supported and is a fatal error as of
2918           Perl 5.30.  You should use the printf/sprintf functions instead.
2919
2920       '%s' is not a code reference
2921           (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of
2922           overload::constant needs to be a code reference.  Either an
2923           anonymous subroutine, or a reference to a subroutine.
2924
2925       '%s' is not an overloadable type
2926           (W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload
2927           package is unaware of.
2928
2929       -i used with no filenames on the command line, reading from STDIN
2930           (S inplace) The "-i" option was passed on the command line,
2931           indicating that the script is intended to edit files in place, but
2932           no files were given.  This is usually a mistake, since editing
2933           STDIN in place doesn't make sense, and can be confusing because it
2934           can make perl look like it is hanging when it is really just trying
2935           to read from STDIN.  You should either pass a filename to edit, or
2936           remove "-i" from the command line.  See perlrun for more details.
2937
2938       Junk on end of regexp in regex m/%s/
2939           (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
2940
2941       Label not found for "last %s"
2942           (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a
2943           loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called
2944           from.  See "last" in perlfunc.
2945
2946       Label not found for "next %s"
2947           (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a
2948           loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called
2949           from.  See "last" in perlfunc.
2950
2951       Label not found for "redo %s"
2952           (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop
2953           of that name, not even if you count where you were called from.
2954           See "last" in perlfunc.
2955
2956       leaving effective %s failed
2957           (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, switching the real and
2958           effective uids or gids failed.
2959
2960       length/code after end of string in unpack
2961           (F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an
2962           unpack length/code combination tried to obtain more data.  This
2963           results in an undefined value for the length.  See "pack" in
2964           perlfunc.
2965
2966       length() used on %s (did you mean "scalar(%s)"?)
2967           (W syntax) You used length() on either an array or a hash when you
2968           probably wanted a count of the items.
2969
2970           Array size can be obtained by doing:
2971
2972               scalar(@array);
2973
2974           The number of items in a hash can be obtained by doing:
2975
2976               scalar(keys %hash);
2977
2978       Lexing code attempted to stuff non-Latin-1 character into Latin-1 input
2979           (F) An extension is attempting to insert text into the current
2980           parse (using lex_stuff_pvn or similar), but tried to insert a
2981           character that couldn't be part of the current input.  This is an
2982           inherent pitfall of the stuffing mechanism, and one of the reasons
2983           to avoid it.  Where it is necessary to stuff, stuffing only plain
2984           ASCII is recommended.
2985
2986       Lexing code internal error (%s)
2987           (F) Lexing code supplied by an extension violated the lexer's API
2988           in a detectable way.
2989
2990       listen() on closed socket %s
2991           (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket.  Did you
2992           forget to check the return value of your socket() call?  See
2993           "listen" in perlfunc.
2994
2995       List form of piped open not implemented
2996           (F) On some platforms, notably Windows, the three-or-more-arguments
2997           form of "open" does not support pipes, such as "open($pipe, '|-',
2998           @args)".  Use the two-argument "open($pipe, '|prog arg1 arg2...')"
2999           form instead.
3000
3001       Literal vertical space in [] is illegal except under /x in regex;
3002       marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3003           (F) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
3004
3005           Likely you forgot the "/x" modifier or there was a typo in the
3006           pattern.  For example, did you really mean to match a form-feed?
3007           If so, all the ASCII vertical space control characters are
3008           representable by escape sequences which won't present such a
3009           jarring appearance as your pattern does when displayed.
3010
3011             \r    carriage return
3012             \f    form feed
3013             \n    line feed
3014             \cK   vertical tab
3015
3016       %s: loadable library and perl binaries are mismatched (got handshake
3017       key %p, needed %p)
3018           (P) A dynamic loading library ".so" or ".dll" was being loaded into
3019           the process that was built against a different build of perl than
3020           the said library was compiled against.  Reinstalling the XS module
3021           will likely fix this error.
3022
3023       Locale '%s' contains (at least) the following characters which have
3024       unexpected meanings: %s  The Perl program will use the expected
3025       meanings
3026           (W locale) You are using the named UTF-8 locale.  UTF-8 locales are
3027           expected to have very particular behavior, which most do.  This
3028           message arises when perl found some departures from the
3029           expectations, and is notifying you that the expected behavior
3030           overrides these differences.  In some cases the differences are
3031           caused by the locale definition being defective, but the most
3032           common causes of this warning are when there are ambiguities and
3033           conflicts in following the Standard, and the locale has chosen an
3034           approach that differs from Perl's.
3035
3036           One of these is because that, contrary to the claims, Unicode is
3037           not completely locale insensitive.  Turkish and some related
3038           languages have two types of "I" characters.  One is dotted in both
3039           upper- and lowercase, and the other is dotless in both cases.
3040           Unicode allows a locale to use either the Turkish rules, or the
3041           rules used in all other instances, where there is only one type of
3042           "I", which is dotless in the uppercase, and dotted in the lower.
3043           The perl core does not (yet) handle the Turkish case, and this
3044           message warns you of that.  Instead, the Unicode::Casing module
3045           allows you to mostly implement the Turkish casing rules.
3046
3047           The other common cause is for the characters
3048
3049            $ + < = > ^ ` | ~
3050
3051           These are probematic.  The C standard says that these should be
3052           considered punctuation in the C locale (and the POSIX standard
3053           defers to the C standard), and Unicode is generally considered a
3054           superset of the C locale.  But Unicode has added an extra category,
3055           "Symbol", and classifies these particular characters as being
3056           symbols.  Most UTF-8 locales have them treated as punctuation, so
3057           that ispunct(2) returns non-zero for them.  But a few locales have
3058           it return 0.   Perl takes the first approach, not using "ispunct()"
3059           at all (see Note [5] in perlrecharclass), and this message is
3060           raised to notify you that you are getting Perl's approach, not the
3061           locale's.
3062
3063       Locale '%s' may not work well.%s
3064           (W locale) You are using the named locale, which is a non-UTF-8
3065           one, and which perl has determined is not fully compatible with
3066           what it can handle.  The second %s gives a reason.
3067
3068           By far the most common reason is that the locale has characters in
3069           it that are represented by more than one byte.  The only such
3070           locales that Perl can handle are the UTF-8 locales.  Most likely
3071           the specified locale is a non-UTF-8 one for an East Asian language
3072           such as Chinese or Japanese.  If the locale is a superset of ASCII,
3073           the ASCII portion of it may work in Perl.
3074
3075           Some essentially obsolete locales that aren't supersets of ASCII,
3076           mainly those in ISO 646 or other 7-bit locales, such as ASMO 449,
3077           can also have problems, depending on what portions of the ASCII
3078           character set get changed by the locale and are also used by the
3079           program.  The warning message lists the determinable conflicting
3080           characters.
3081
3082           Note that not all incompatibilities are found.
3083
3084           If this happens to you, there's not much you can do except switch
3085           to use a different locale or use Encode to translate from the
3086           locale into UTF-8; if that's impracticable, you have been warned
3087           that some things may break.
3088
3089           This message is output once each time a bad locale is switched into
3090           within the scope of "use locale", or on the first possibly-affected
3091           operation if the "use locale" inherits a bad one.  It is not raised
3092           for any operations from the POSIX module.
3093
3094       localtime(%f) failed
3095           (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that it could not
3096           handle: too large, too small, or NaN.  The returned value is
3097           "undef".
3098
3099       localtime(%f) too large
3100           (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that was larger
3101           than it can reliably handle and "localtime" probably returned the
3102           wrong date.  This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special
3103           not-a-number value).
3104
3105       localtime(%f) too small
3106           (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that was smaller
3107           than it can reliably handle and "localtime" probably returned the
3108           wrong date.
3109
3110       Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/
3111           (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which
3112           lookbehind can handle.  This restriction may be eased in a future
3113           release.
3114
3115       Lost precision when %s %f by 1
3116           (W imprecision) The value you attempted to increment or decrement
3117           by one is too large for the underlying floating point
3118           representation to store accurately, hence the target of "++" or
3119           "--" is unchanged.  Perl issues this warning because it has already
3120           switched from integers to floating point when values are too large
3121           for integers, and now even floating point is insufficient.  You may
3122           wish to switch to using Math::BigInt explicitly.
3123
3124       lstat() on filehandle%s
3125           (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle.  What did you mean
3126           by that?  lstat() makes sense only on filenames.  (Perl did a
3127           fstat() instead on the filehandle.)
3128
3129       lvalue attribute %s already-defined subroutine
3130           (W misc) Although attributes.pm allows this, turning the lvalue
3131           attribute on or off on a Perl subroutine that is already defined
3132           does not always work properly.  It may or may not do what you want,
3133           depending on what code is inside the subroutine, with exact details
3134           subject to change between Perl versions.  Only do this if you
3135           really know what you are doing.
3136
3137       lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined
3138           (W misc) Using the ":lvalue" declarative syntax to make a Perl
3139           subroutine an lvalue subroutine after it has been defined is not
3140           permitted.  To make the subroutine an lvalue subroutine, add the
3141           lvalue attribute to the definition, or put the "sub foo :lvalue;"
3142           declaration before the definition.
3143
3144           See also attributes.pm.
3145
3146       Magical list constants are not supported
3147           (F) You assigned a magical array to a stash element, and then tried
3148           to use the subroutine from the same slot.  You are asking Perl to
3149           do something it cannot do, details subject to change between Perl
3150           versions.
3151
3152       Malformed integer in [] in pack
3153           (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only
3154           digits are permitted.  See "pack" in perlfunc.
3155
3156       Malformed integer in [] in unpack
3157           (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only
3158           digits are permitted.  See "pack" in perlfunc.
3159
3160       Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
3161           (F) An error peculiar to OS/2.  PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the
3162           form
3163
3164               prefix1;prefix2
3165
3166           or
3167               prefix1 prefix2
3168
3169           with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2.  If "prefix1" is indeed a prefix
3170           of a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted.  The
3171           error may appear if components are not found, or are too long.  See
3172           "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in perlos2.
3173
3174       Malformed prototype for %s: %s
3175           (F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype.  The
3176           syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check
3177           for obvious errors like invalid characters.  A more rigorous check
3178           is run when the function is called.  Perhaps the function's author
3179           was trying to write a subroutine signature but didn't enable that
3180           feature first ("use feature 'signatures'"), so the signature was
3181           instead interpreted as a bad prototype.
3182
3183       Malformed UTF-8 character%s
3184           (S utf8)(F) Perl detected a string that should be UTF-8, but didn't
3185           comply with UTF-8 encoding rules, or represents a code point whose
3186           ordinal integer value doesn't fit into the word size of the current
3187           platform (overflows).  Details as to the exact malformation are
3188           given in the variable, %s, part of the message.
3189
3190           One possible cause is that you set the UTF8 flag yourself for data
3191           that you thought to be in UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example
3192           legacy 8-bit data).  To guard against this, you can use
3193           "Encode::decode('UTF-8', ...)".
3194
3195           If you use the ":encoding(UTF-8)" PerlIO layer for input, invalid
3196           byte sequences are handled gracefully, but if you use ":utf8", the
3197           flag is set without validating the data, possibly resulting in this
3198           error message.
3199
3200           See also "Handling Malformed Data" in Encode.
3201
3202       Malformed UTF-8 returned by \N{%s} immediately after '%s'
3203           (F) The charnames handler returned malformed UTF-8.
3204
3205       Malformed UTF-8 string in "%s"
3206           (F) This message indicates a bug either in the Perl core or in XS
3207           code. Such code was trying to find out if a character, allegedly
3208           stored internally encoded as UTF-8, was of a given type, such as
3209           being punctuation or a digit.  But the character was not encoded in
3210           legal UTF-8.  The %s is replaced by a string that can be used by
3211           knowledgeable people to determine what the type being checked
3212           against was.
3213
3214           Passing malformed strings was deprecated in Perl 5.18, and became
3215           fatal in Perl 5.26.
3216
3217       Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack
3218           (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3219           encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3220           progress.
3221
3222       Malformed UTF-8 string in pack
3223           (F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3224           encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3225           progress.
3226
3227       Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack
3228           (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3229           encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3230           progress.
3231
3232       Malformed UTF-16 surrogate
3233           (F) Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but
3234           while doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
3235
3236       Mandatory parameter follows optional parameter
3237           (F) In a subroutine signature, you wrote something like "$a =
3238           undef, $b", making an earlier parameter optional and a later one
3239           mandatory.  Parameters are filled from left to right, so it's
3240           impossible for the caller to omit an earlier one and pass a later
3241           one.  If you want to act as if the parameters are filled from right
3242           to left, declare the rightmost optional and then shuffle the
3243           parameters around in the subroutine's body.
3244
3245       Matched non-Unicode code point 0x%X against Unicode property; may not
3246       be portable
3247           (S non_unicode) Perl allows strings to contain a superset of
3248           Unicode code points; each code point may be as large as what is
3249           storable in a signed integer on your system, but these may not be
3250           accepted by other languages/systems.  This message occurs when you
3251           matched a string containing such a code point against a regular
3252           expression pattern, and the code point was matched against a
3253           Unicode property, "\p{...}" or "\P{...}".  Unicode properties are
3254           only defined on Unicode code points, so the result of this match is
3255           undefined by Unicode, but Perl (starting in v5.20) treats non-
3256           Unicode code points as if they were typical unassigned Unicode
3257           ones, and matched this one accordingly.  Whether a given property
3258           matches these code points or not is specified in "Properties
3259           accessible through \p{} and \P{}" in perluniprops.
3260
3261           This message is suppressed (unless it has been made fatal) if it is
3262           immaterial to the results of the match if the code point is Unicode
3263           or not.  For example, the property "\p{ASCII_Hex_Digit}" only can
3264           match the 22 characters "[0-9A-Fa-f]", so obviously all other code
3265           points, Unicode or not, won't match it.  (And "\P{ASCII_Hex_Digit}"
3266           will match every code point except these 22.)
3267
3268           Getting this message indicates that the outcome of the match
3269           arguably should have been the opposite of what actually happened.
3270           If you think that is the case, you may wish to make the
3271           "non_unicode" warnings category fatal; if you agree with Perl's
3272           decision, you may wish to turn off this category.
3273
3274           See "Beyond Unicode code points" in perlunicode for more
3275           information.
3276
3277       %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3278           (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop
3279           if the regular expression engine didn't specifically check for
3280           that.  The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
3281           problem was discovered.  See perlre.
3282
3283       Maximal count of pending signals (%u) exceeded
3284           (F) Perl aborted due to too high a number of signals pending.  This
3285           usually indicates that your operating system tried to deliver
3286           signals too fast (with a very high priority), starving the perl
3287           process from resources it would need to reach a point where it can
3288           process signals safely.  (See "Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)" in
3289           perlipc.)
3290
3291       "%s" may clash with future reserved word
3292           (W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a
3293           perl4 interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned
3294           about is "use" or "my".
3295
3296       '%' may not be used in pack
3297           (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
3298           checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other
3299           way.  See "unpack" in perlfunc.
3300
3301       Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
3302           (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table
3303           that doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine.  See overload.
3304
3305       Method %s not permitted
3306           See "500 Server error".
3307
3308       Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
3309           (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been
3310           caused by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it
3311           eventually ended earlier on the current line.
3312
3313       Misplaced _ in number
3314           (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
3315           separate two digits.
3316
3317       Missing argument for %n in %s
3318           (F) A %n was used in a format string with no corresponding argument
3319           for perl to write the current string length to.
3320
3321       Missing argument in %s
3322           (W missing) You called a function with fewer arguments than other
3323           arguments you supplied indicated would be needed.
3324
3325           Currently only emitted when a printf-type format required more
3326           arguments than were supplied, but might be used in the future for
3327           other cases where we can statically determine that arguments to
3328           functions are missing, e.g. for the "pack" in perlfunc function.
3329
3330       Missing argument to -%c
3331           (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
3332           immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
3333
3334       Missing braces on \N{}
3335       Missing braces on \N{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3336           (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal "\N{charname}" within
3337           double-quotish context.  This can also happen when there is a space
3338           (or comment) between the "\N" and the "{" in a regex with the "/x"
3339           modifier.  This modifier does not change the requirement that the
3340           brace immediately follow the "\N".
3341
3342       Missing braces on \o{}
3343           (F) A "\o" must be followed immediately by a "{" in double-quotish
3344           context.
3345
3346       Missing comma after first argument to %s function
3347           (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
3348           "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
3349
3350       Missing command in piped open
3351           (W pipe) You used the "open(FH, "| command")" or "open(FH, "command
3352           |")" construction, but the command was missing or blank.
3353
3354       Missing control char name in \c
3355           (F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required
3356           control character name.
3357
3358       Missing ']' in prototype for %s : %s
3359           (W illegalproto) A grouping was started with "[" but never closed
3360           with "]".
3361
3362       Missing name in "%s sub"
3363           (F) The syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that they
3364           have a name with which they can be found.
3365
3366       Missing $ on loop variable
3367           (F) Apparently you've been programming in csh too much.  Variables
3368           are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells,
3369           where it can vary from one line to the next.
3370
3371       (Missing operator before %s?)
3372           (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
3373           message "%s found where operator expected".  Often the missing
3374           operator is a comma.
3375
3376       Missing or undefined argument to %s
3377           (F) You tried to call require or do with no argument or with an
3378           undefined value as an argument.  Require expects either a package
3379           name or a file-specification as an argument; do expects a filename.
3380           See "require EXPR" in perlfunc and "do EXPR" in perlfunc.
3381
3382       Missing right brace on \%c{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3383           (F) Missing right brace in "\x{...}", "\p{...}", "\P{...}", or
3384           "\N{...}".
3385
3386       Missing right brace on \N{}
3387       Missing right brace on \N{} or unescaped left brace after \N
3388           (F) "\N" has two meanings.
3389
3390           The traditional one has it followed by a name enclosed in braces,
3391           meaning the character (or sequence of characters) given by that
3392           name.  Thus "\N{ASTERISK}" is another way of writing "*", valid in
3393           both double-quoted strings and regular expression patterns.  In
3394           patterns, it doesn't have the meaning an unescaped "*" does.
3395
3396           Starting in Perl 5.12.0, "\N" also can have an additional meaning
3397           (only) in patterns, namely to match a non-newline character.  (This
3398           is short for "[^\n]", and like "." but is not affected by the "/s"
3399           regex modifier.)
3400
3401           This can lead to some ambiguities.  When "\N" is not followed
3402           immediately by a left brace, Perl assumes the "[^\n]" meaning.
3403           Also, if the braces form a valid quantifier such as "\N{3}" or
3404           "\N{5,}", Perl assumes that this means to match the given quantity
3405           of non-newlines (in these examples, 3; and 5 or more,
3406           respectively).  In all other case, where there is a "\N{" and a
3407           matching "}", Perl assumes that a character name is desired.
3408
3409           However, if there is no matching "}", Perl doesn't know if it was
3410           mistakenly omitted, or if "[^\n]{" was desired, and raises this
3411           error.  If you meant the former, add the right brace; if you meant
3412           the latter, escape the brace with a backslash, like so: "\N\{"
3413
3414       Missing right curly or square bracket
3415           (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than
3416           closing ones.  As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the
3417           place you were last editing.
3418
3419       (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
3420           (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
3421           message "%s found where operator expected".  Don't automatically
3422           put a semicolon on the previous line just because you saw this
3423           message.
3424
3425       Modification of a read-only value attempted
3426           (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
3427           constant.  You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
3428           catches that.  But an easy way to do the same thing is:
3429
3430               sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
3431               mod(2);
3432
3433           Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the
3434           string.
3435
3436           Yet another way is to assign to a "foreach" loop VAR when VAR is
3437           aliased to a constant in the look LIST:
3438
3439               $x = 1;
3440               foreach my $n ($x, 2) {
3441                   $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to
3442               }            # modify the 2
3443
3444       Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s
3445           (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
3446           subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the
3447           array backwards.
3448
3449       Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s
3450           (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it
3451           couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.
3452
3453       Module name must be constant
3454           (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a
3455           "use".
3456
3457       Module name required with -%c option
3458           (F) The "-M" or "-m" options say that Perl should load some module,
3459           but you omitted the name of the module.  Consult perlrun for full
3460           details about "-M" and "-m".
3461
3462       More than one argument to '%s' open
3463           (F) The "open" function has been asked to open multiple files.
3464           This can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that
3465           takes a list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped
3466           open mode.  See "open" in perlfunc for details.
3467
3468       mprotect for COW string %p %u failed with %d
3469           (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW (see "Copy on
3470           Write" in perlguts), but a shared string buffer could not be made
3471           read-only.
3472
3473       mprotect for %p %u failed with %d
3474           (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see
3475           perlhacktips), but an op tree could not be made read-only.
3476
3477       mprotect RW for COW string %p %u failed with %d
3478           (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW (see "Copy on
3479           Write" in perlguts), but a read-only shared string buffer could not
3480           be made mutable.
3481
3482       mprotect RW for %p %u failed with %d
3483           (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see
3484           perlhacktips), but a read-only op tree could not be made mutable
3485           before freeing the ops.
3486
3487       msg%s not implemented
3488           (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
3489
3490       Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
3491           (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like $foo[1,2,3].
3492           They're written like $foo[1][2][3], as in C.
3493
3494       Multiple slurpy parameters not allowed
3495           (F) In subroutine signatures, a slurpy parameter ("@" or "%") must
3496           be the last parameter, and there must not be more than one of them;
3497           for example:
3498
3499               sub foo ($a, @b)    {} # legal
3500               sub foo ($a, @b, %) {} # invalid
3501
3502       '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack
3503           (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did
3504           not follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value.
3505           See "pack" in perlfunc.
3506
3507       %s must not be a named sequence in transliteration operator
3508           (F) Transliteration ("tr///" and "y///") transliterates individual
3509           characters.  But a named sequence by definition is more than an
3510           individual character, and hence doing this operation on it doesn't
3511           make sense.
3512
3513       "my sub" not yet implemented
3514           (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented.  Don't
3515           try that yet.
3516
3517       "my" subroutine %s can't be in a package
3518           (F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't
3519           make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
3520           front.
3521
3522       "my %s" used in sort comparison
3523           (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort
3524           comparisons.  You used $a or $b in as an operand to the "<=>" or
3525           "cmp" operator inside a sort comparison block, and the variable had
3526           earlier been declared as a lexical variable.  Either qualify the
3527           sort variable with the package name, or rename the lexical
3528           variable.
3529
3530       "my" variable %s can't be in a package
3531           (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't
3532           make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
3533           front.  Use local() if you want to localize a package variable.
3534
3535       Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
3536           (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable
3537           names.  If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then
3538           just mention it again somehow to suppress the message.  The "our"
3539           declaration is also provided for this purpose.
3540
3541           NOTE: This warning detects package symbols that have been used only
3542           once.  This means lexical variables will never trigger this
3543           warning.  It also means that all of the package variables $c, @c,
3544           %c, as well as *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or
3545           format) are considered the same; if a program uses $c only once but
3546           also uses any of the others it will not trigger this warning.
3547           Symbols beginning with an underscore and symbols using special
3548           identifiers (q.v. perldata) are exempt from this warning.
3549
3550       Need exactly 3 octal digits in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3551           (F) Within "(?[   ])", all constants interpreted as octal need to
3552           be exactly 3 digits long.  This helps catch some ambiguities.  If
3553           your constant is too short, add leading zeros, like
3554
3555            (?[ [ \078 ] ])     # Syntax error!
3556            (?[ [ \0078 ] ])    # Works
3557            (?[ [ \007 8 ] ])   # Clearer
3558
3559           The maximum number this construct can express is "\777".  If you
3560           need a larger one, you need to use \o{} instead.  If you meant two
3561           separate things, you need to separate them:
3562
3563            (?[ [ \7776 ] ])        # Syntax error!
3564            (?[ [ \o{7776} ] ])     # One meaning
3565            (?[ [ \777 6 ] ])       # Another meaning
3566            (?[ [ \777 \006 ] ])    # Still another
3567
3568       Negative '/' count in unpack
3569           (F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation
3570           was negative.  See "pack" in perlfunc.
3571
3572       Negative length
3573           (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
3574           length that is less than 0.  This is difficult to imagine.
3575
3576       Negative offset to vec in lvalue context
3577           (F) When "vec" is called in an lvalue context, the second argument
3578           must be greater than or equal to zero.
3579
3580       Negative repeat count does nothing
3581           (W numeric) You tried to execute the "x" repetition operator fewer
3582           than 0 times, which doesn't make sense.
3583
3584       Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3585           (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening
3586           parentheses.  So things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal.  The
3587           <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
3588           was discovered.
3589
3590           Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, "*?", "+?", and "??"
3591           appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't.  See perlre.
3592
3593       %s never introduced
3594           (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went
3595           out of scope before it could possibly have been used.
3596
3597       next::method/next::can/maybe::next::method cannot find enclosing method
3598           (F) "next::method" needs to be called within the context of a real
3599           method in a real package, and it could not find such a context.
3600           See mro.
3601
3602       \N in a character class must be a named character: \N{...} in regex;
3603       marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3604           (F) The new (as of Perl 5.12) meaning of "\N" as "[^\n]" is not
3605           valid in a bracketed character class, for the same reason that "."
3606           in a character class loses its specialness: it matches almost
3607           everything, which is probably not what you want.
3608
3609       \N{} in inverted character class or as a range end-point is restricted
3610       to one character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3611           (F) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a multi-
3612           character sequence.  Even though a character class is supposed to
3613           match just one character of input, perl will match the whole thing
3614           correctly, except under certain conditions.  These currently are
3615
3616           When the class is inverted ("[^...]")
3617               The mathematically logical behavior for what matches when
3618               inverting is very different from what people expect, so we have
3619               decided to forbid it.
3620
3621           The escape is the beginning or final end point of a range
3622               Similarly unclear is what should be generated when the
3623               "\N{...}" is used as one of the end points of the range, such
3624               as in
3625
3626                [\x{41}-\N{ARABIC SEQUENCE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH AE}]
3627
3628               What is meant here is unclear, as the "\N{...}" escape is a
3629               sequence of code points, so this is made an error.
3630
3631           In a regex set
3632               The syntax "(?[   ])" in a regular expression yields a list of
3633               single code points, none can be a sequence.
3634
3635       No %s allowed while running setuid
3636           (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid
3637           or setgid script to even be allowed to attempt.  Generally speaking
3638           there will be another way to do what you want that is, if not
3639           secure, at least securable.  See perlsec.
3640
3641       No code specified for -%c
3642           (F) Perl's -e and -E command-line options require an argument.  If
3643           you want to run an empty program, pass the empty string as a
3644           separate argument or run a program consisting of a single 0 or 1:
3645
3646               perl -e ""
3647               perl -e0
3648               perl -e1
3649
3650       No comma allowed after %s
3651           (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is
3652           not allowed to have a comma between that and the following
3653           arguments.  Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
3654
3655           One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a
3656           constant to your name space with use or import while no such
3657           importing took place, it may for example be that your operating
3658           system does not support that particular constant.  Hopefully you
3659           did use an explicit import list for the constants you expect to
3660           see; please see "use" in perlfunc and "import" in perlfunc.  While
3661           an explicit import list would probably have caught this error
3662           earlier it naturally does not remedy the fact that your operating
3663           system still does not support that constant.  Maybe you have a typo
3664           in the constants of the symbol import list of use or import or in
3665           the constant name at the line where this error was triggered?
3666
3667       No command into which to pipe on command line
3668           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own command line
3669           redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it
3670           doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command.
3671
3672       No DB::DB routine defined
3673           (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch,
3674           but for some reason the current debugger (e.g. perl5db.pl or a
3675           "Devel::" module) didn't define a routine to be called at the
3676           beginning of each statement.
3677
3678       No dbm on this machine
3679           (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine
3680           should supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM.  See
3681           SDBM_File.
3682
3683       No DB::sub routine defined
3684           (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch,
3685           but for some reason the current debugger (e.g. perl5db.pl or a
3686           "Devel::" module) didn't define a "DB::sub" routine to be called at
3687           the beginning of each ordinary subroutine call.
3688
3689       No directory specified for -I
3690           (F) The -I command-line switch requires a directory name as part of
3691           the same argument.  Use -Ilib, for instance.  -I lib won't work.
3692
3693       No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
3694           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own command line
3695           redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but
3696           can't find the name of the file to which to write data destined for
3697           stderr.
3698
3699       No group ending character '%c' found in template
3700           (F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its
3701           matching counterpart.  See "pack" in perlfunc.
3702
3703       No input file after < on command line
3704           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own command line
3705           redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find
3706           the name of the file from which to read data for stdin.
3707
3708       No next::method '%s' found for %s
3709           (F) "next::method" found no further instances of this method name
3710           in the remaining packages of the MRO of this class.  If you don't
3711           want it throwing an exception, use "maybe::next::method" or
3712           "next::can".  See mro.
3713
3714       Non-finite repeat count does nothing
3715           (W numeric) You tried to execute the "x" repetition operator "Inf"
3716           (or "-Inf") or "NaN" times, which doesn't make sense.
3717
3718       Non-hex character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3719           (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-hexadecimal character
3720           where a hex one was expected, like
3721
3722            (?[ [ \xDG ] ])
3723            (?[ [ \x{DEKA} ] ])
3724
3725       Non-octal character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3726           (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-octal character where
3727           an octal one was expected, like
3728
3729            (?[ [ \o{1278} ] ])
3730
3731       Non-octal character '%c'.  Resolved as "%s"
3732           (W digit) In parsing an octal numeric constant, a character was
3733           unexpectedly encountered that isn't octal.  The resulting value is
3734           as indicated.
3735
3736       "no" not allowed in expression
3737           (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time,
3738           and returns no useful value.  See perlmod.
3739
3740       Non-string passed as bitmask
3741           (W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to
3742           select().  Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor
3743           bitmasks for select.  See "select" in perlfunc.
3744
3745       No output file after > on command line
3746           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own command line
3747           redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line,
3748           so it doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout.
3749
3750       No output file after > or >> on command line
3751           (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own command line
3752           redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but
3753           can't find the name of the file to which to write data destined for
3754           stdout.
3755
3756       No package name allowed for subroutine %s in "our"
3757       No package name allowed for variable %s in "our"
3758           (F) Fully qualified subroutine and variable names are not allowed
3759           in "our" declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under
3760           existing rules.  Such syntax is reserved for future extensions.
3761
3762       No Perl script found in input
3763           (F) You called "perl -x", but no line was found in the file
3764           beginning with #! and containing the word "perl".
3765
3766       No setregid available
3767           (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call
3768           for your system.
3769
3770       No setreuid available
3771           (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call
3772           for your system.
3773
3774       No such class %s
3775           (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state"
3776           declaration, but this class doesn't exist at this point in your
3777           program.
3778
3779       No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
3780           (F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated
3781           typed variable but that key is not allowed by the package of the
3782           same type.  The indicated package has restricted the set of allowed
3783           keys using the fields pragma.
3784
3785       No such hook: %s
3786           (F) You specified a signal hook that was not recognized by Perl.
3787           Currently, Perl accepts "__DIE__" and "__WARN__" as valid signal
3788           hooks.
3789
3790       No such pipe open
3791           (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  The internal routine my_pclose()
3792           tried to close a pipe which hadn't been opened.  This should have
3793           been caught earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
3794
3795       No such signal: SIG%s
3796           (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that
3797           was not recognized.  Say "kill -l" in your shell to see the valid
3798           signal names on your system.
3799
3800       No Unicode property value wildcard matches:
3801           (W regexp) You specified a wildcard for a Unicode property value,
3802           but there is no property value in the current Unicode release that
3803           matches it.  Check your spelling.
3804
3805       Not a CODE reference
3806           (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that
3807           is, a subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead.
3808           You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it
3809           really was.  See also perlref.
3810
3811       Not a GLOB reference
3812           (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that
3813           is, a symbol table entry that looks like *foo), but found a
3814           reference to something else instead.  You can use the ref()
3815           function to find out what kind of ref it really was.  See perlref.
3816
3817       Not a HASH reference
3818           (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but
3819           found a reference to something else instead.  You can use the ref()
3820           function to find out what kind of ref it really was.  See perlref.
3821
3822       '#' not allowed immediately following a sigil in a subroutine signature
3823           (F) In a subroutine signature definition, a comment following a
3824           sigil ("$", "@" or "%"), needs to be separated by whitespace or a
3825           comma etc., in particular to avoid confusion with the $# variable.
3826           For example:
3827
3828               # bad
3829               sub f ($# ignore first arg
3830                      , $b) {}
3831               # good
3832               sub f ($, # ignore first arg
3833                      $b) {}
3834
3835       Not an ARRAY reference
3836           (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but
3837           found a reference to something else instead.  You can use the ref()
3838           function to find out what kind of ref it really was.  See perlref.
3839
3840       Not a SCALAR reference
3841           (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but
3842           found a reference to something else instead.  You can use the ref()
3843           function to find out what kind of ref it really was.  See perlref.
3844
3845       Not a subroutine reference
3846           (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that
3847           is, a subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead.
3848           You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it
3849           really was.  See also perlref.
3850
3851       Not a subroutine reference in overload table
3852           (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table
3853           that doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine.  See overload.
3854
3855       Not enough arguments for %s
3856           (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
3857
3858       Not enough format arguments
3859           (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next
3860           line supplied.  See perlform.
3861
3862       %s: not found
3863           (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
3864           instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
3865           into Perl yourself.
3866
3867       no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
3868           (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Perl was unable to find the local
3869           timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is
3870           equivalent to UTC.  If it's not, define the logical name
3871           SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL to translate to the number of seconds
3872           which need to be added to UTC to get local time.
3873
3874       NULL OP IN RUN
3875           (S debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
3876           pointer.
3877
3878       Null picture in formline
3879           (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
3880           specification.  It was found to be empty, which probably means you
3881           supplied it an uninitialized value.  See perlform.
3882
3883       Null realloc
3884           (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
3885
3886       NULL regexp argument
3887           (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
3888
3889       NULL regexp parameter
3890           (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
3891
3892       Number too long
3893           (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs
3894           to about 250 characters.  You've exceeded that length.  Future
3895           versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation.
3896           In the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead
3897           of "1_000_000").
3898
3899       Number with no digits
3900           (F) Perl was looking for a number but found nothing that looked
3901           like a number.  This happens, for example with "\o{}", with no
3902           number between the braces.
3903
3904       Numeric format result too large
3905           (F) The length of the result of a numeric format supplied to
3906           sprintf() or printf() would have been too large for the underlying
3907           C function to report.  This limit is typically 2GB.
3908
3909       Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable
3910           (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
3911           (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems.  See
3912           perlport for more on portability concerns.
3913
3914       Odd name/value argument for subroutine '%s'
3915           (F) A subroutine using a slurpy hash parameter in its signature
3916           received an odd number of arguments to populate the hash.  It
3917           requires the arguments to be paired, with the same number of keys
3918           as values.  The caller of the subroutine is presumably at fault.
3919
3920           The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
3921           If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
3922           will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used.
3923
3924       Odd number of arguments for overload::constant
3925           (W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number
3926           of arguments.  The arguments should come in pairs.
3927
3928       Odd number of elements in anonymous hash
3929           (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a
3930           hash, which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
3931
3932       Odd number of elements in hash assignment
3933           (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a
3934           hash, which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
3935
3936       Offset outside string
3937           (F)(W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation
3938           with an offset pointing outside the buffer.  This is difficult to
3939           imagine.  The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will
3940           take place when going past the end of the string when either
3941           "sysread()"ing a file, or when seeking past the end of a scalar
3942           opened for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the
3943           behavior with real files).
3944
3945       Old package separator used in string
3946           (W syntax) You used the old package separator, "'", in a variable
3947           named inside a double-quoted string; e.g., "In $name's house".
3948           This is equivalent to "In $name::s house".  If you meant the
3949           former, put a backslash before the apostrophe ("In $name\'s
3950           house").
3951
3952       %s() on unopened %s
3953           (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that
3954           was never initialized.  You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a
3955           socket() call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
3956
3957       -%s on unopened filehandle %s
3958           (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a
3959           filehandle that isn't open.  Check your control flow.  See also
3960           "-X" in perlfunc.
3961
3962       oops: oopsAV
3963           (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
3964
3965       oops: oopsHV
3966           (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
3967
3968       Operand with no preceding operator in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
3969       m/%s/
3970           (F) You wrote something like
3971
3972            (?[ \p{Digit} \p{Thai} ])
3973
3974           There are two operands, but no operator giving how you want to
3975           combine them.
3976
3977       Operation "%s": no method found, %s
3978           (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for
3979           which no handler was defined.  While some handlers can be
3980           autogenerated in terms of other handlers, there is no default
3981           handler for any operation, unless the "fallback" overloading key is
3982           specified to be true.  See overload.
3983
3984       Operation "%s" returns its argument for non-Unicode code point 0x%X
3985           (S non_unicode) You performed an operation requiring Unicode rules
3986           on a code point that is not in Unicode, so what it should do is not
3987           defined.  Perl has chosen to have it do nothing, and warn you.
3988
3989           If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive
3990           matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
3991
3992           If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by "no
3993           warnings 'non_unicode';".
3994
3995       Operation "%s" returns its argument for UTF-16 surrogate U+%X
3996           (S surrogate) You performed an operation requiring Unicode rules on
3997           a Unicode surrogate.  Unicode frowns upon the use of surrogates for
3998           anything but storing strings in UTF-16, but rules are (reluctantly)
3999           defined for the surrogates, and they are to do nothing for this
4000           operation.  Because the use of surrogates can be dangerous, Perl
4001           warns.
4002
4003           If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive
4004           matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
4005
4006           If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by "no
4007           warnings 'surrogate';".
4008
4009       Operator or semicolon missing before %s
4010           (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the
4011           parser was expecting an operator.  The parser has assumed you
4012           really meant to use an operator, but this is highly likely to be
4013           incorrect.  For example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be
4014           interpreted as if you said "*foo * 'foo'".
4015
4016       Optional parameter lacks default expression
4017           (F) In a subroutine signature, you wrote something like "$a =",
4018           making a named optional parameter without a default value.  A
4019           nameless optional parameter is permitted to have no default value,
4020           but a named one must have a specific default.  You probably want
4021           "$a = undef".
4022
4023       "our" variable %s redeclared
4024           (W shadow) You seem to have already declared the same global once
4025           before in the current lexical scope.
4026
4027       Out of memory!
4028           (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
4029           insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
4030           request.  Perl has no option but to exit immediately.
4031
4032           At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing
4033           your process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use "limit" and "limit
4034           datasize n" (where "n" is the number of kilobytes) to check the
4035           current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use "ulimit -a"
4036           and "ulimit -d n", respectively.
4037
4038       Out of memory during %s extend
4039           (X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string
4040           beyond the largest possible memory allocation.
4041
4042       Out of memory during "large" request for %s
4043           (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
4044           insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
4045           request.  However, the request was judged large enough (compile-
4046           time default is 64K), so a possibility to shut down by trapping
4047           this error is granted.
4048
4049       Out of memory during request for %s
4050           (X)(F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
4051           insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
4052           request.
4053
4054           The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
4055           depends on the way perl was compiled.  By default it is not
4056           trappable.  However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the
4057           contents of $^M as an emergency pool after die()ing with this
4058           message.  In this case the error is trappable once, and the error
4059           message will include the line and file where the failed request
4060           happened.
4061
4062       Out of memory during ridiculously large request
4063           (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes.  This
4064           error is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program.
4065           e.g., $arr[time] instead of $arr[$time].
4066
4067       Out of memory for yacc stack
4068           (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue
4069           parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
4070           otherwise.
4071
4072       '.' outside of string in pack
4073           (F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the
4074           working position to before the start of the packed string being
4075           built.
4076
4077       '@' outside of string in unpack
4078           (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
4079           the string being unpacked.  See "pack" in perlfunc.
4080
4081       '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack
4082           (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
4083           the string being unpacked.  The string being unpacked was also
4084           invalid UTF-8.  See "pack" in perlfunc.
4085
4086       overload arg '%s' is invalid
4087           (W overload) The overload pragma was passed an argument it did not
4088           recognize.  Did you mistype an operator?
4089
4090       Overloaded dereference did not return a reference
4091           (F) An object with an overloaded dereference operator was
4092           dereferenced, but the overloaded operation did not return a
4093           reference.  See overload.
4094
4095       Overloaded qr did not return a REGEXP
4096           (F) An object with a "qr" overload was used as part of a match, but
4097           the overloaded operation didn't return a compiled regexp.  See
4098           overload.
4099
4100       %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
4101           (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
4102           package-specific handler.  That name might have a meaning to Perl
4103           itself some day, even though it doesn't yet.  Perhaps you should
4104           use a mixed-case attribute name, instead.  See attributes.
4105
4106       pack/unpack repeat count overflow
4107           (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows
4108           your signed integers.  See "pack" in perlfunc.
4109
4110       page overflow
4111           (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on
4112           a page.  See perlform.
4113
4114       panic: %s
4115           (P) An internal error.
4116
4117       panic: attempt to call %s in %s
4118           (P) One of the file test operators entered a code branch that calls
4119           an ACL related-function, but that function is not available on this
4120           platform.  Earlier checks mean that it should not be possible to
4121           enter this branch on this platform.
4122
4123       panic: child pseudo-process was never scheduled
4124           (P) A child pseudo-process in the ithreads implementation on
4125           Windows was not scheduled within the time period allowed and
4126           therefore was not able to initialize properly.
4127
4128       panic: ck_grep, type=%u
4129           (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
4130
4131       panic: corrupt saved stack index %ld
4132           (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values
4133           than there are in the savestack.
4134
4135       panic: del_backref
4136           (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a
4137           weak reference.
4138
4139       panic: do_subst
4140           (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid
4141           operational data.
4142
4143       panic: do_trans_%s
4144           (P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid
4145           operational data.
4146
4147       panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d
4148           (P) While attempting folding constants an exception other than an
4149           "eval" failure was caught.
4150
4151       panic: frexp: %f
4152           (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f")
4153           impossible.
4154
4155       panic: goto, type=%u, ix=%ld
4156           (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified
4157           label, and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a
4158           goto in.
4159
4160       panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer
4161           (P) The internal routine used to clear a typeglob's entries tried
4162           repeatedly, but each time something re-created entries in the glob.
4163           Most likely the glob contains an object with a reference back to
4164           the glob and a destructor that adds a new object to the glob.
4165
4166       panic: INTERPCASEMOD, %s
4167           (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
4168
4169       panic: INTERPCONCAT, %s
4170           (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
4171
4172       panic: kid popen errno read
4173           (F) A forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its
4174           errno.
4175
4176       panic: last, type=%u
4177           (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then
4178           discovered it wasn't a block context.
4179
4180       panic: leave_scope clearsv
4181           (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the
4182           scope.
4183
4184       panic: leave_scope inconsistency %u
4185           (P) The savestack probably got out of sync.  At least, there was an
4186           invalid enum on the top of it.
4187
4188       panic: magic_killbackrefs
4189           (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all
4190           weak references to an object.
4191
4192       panic: malloc, %s
4193           (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
4194
4195       panic: memory wrap
4196           (P) Something tried to allocate either more memory than possible or
4197           a negative amount.
4198
4199       panic: pad_alloc, %p!=%p
4200           (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4201           allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4202
4203       panic: pad_free curpad, %p!=%p
4204           (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4205           allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4206
4207       panic: pad_free po
4208           (P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally.  An attempt
4209           was made to free a target that had not been allocated to begin
4210           with.
4211
4212       panic: pad_reset curpad, %p!=%p
4213           (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4214           allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4215
4216       panic: pad_sv po
4217           (P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally.  Most likely
4218           an operator needed a target but that target had not been allocated
4219           for whatever reason.
4220
4221       panic: pad_swipe curpad, %p!=%p
4222           (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4223           allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4224
4225       panic: pad_swipe po
4226           (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
4227
4228       panic: pp_iter, type=%u
4229           (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
4230
4231       panic: pp_match%s
4232           (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid
4233           operational data.
4234
4235       panic: realloc, %s
4236           (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
4237
4238       panic: reference miscount on nsv in sv_replace() (%d != 1)
4239           (P) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with a
4240           reference count other than 1.
4241
4242       panic: restartop in %s
4243           (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it),
4244           and didn't supply the destination.
4245
4246       panic: return, type=%u
4247           (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context,
4248           and then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
4249
4250       panic: scan_num, %s
4251           (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
4252
4253       panic: Sequence (?{...}): no code block found in regex m/%s/
4254           (P) While compiling a pattern that has embedded (?{}) or (??{})
4255           code blocks, perl couldn't locate the code block that should have
4256           already been seen and compiled by perl before control passed to the
4257           regex compiler.
4258
4259       panic: strxfrm() gets absurd - a => %u, ab => %u
4260           (P) The interpreter's sanity check of the C function strxfrm()
4261           failed.  In your current locale the returned transformation of the
4262           string "ab" is shorter than that of the string "a", which makes no
4263           sense.
4264
4265       panic: sv_chop %s
4266           (P) The sv_chop() routine was passed a position that is not within
4267           the scalar's string buffer.
4268
4269       panic: sv_insert, midend=%p, bigend=%p
4270           (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than
4271           there was string.
4272
4273       panic: top_env
4274           (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like
4275           that.
4276
4277       panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called
4278           (P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that
4279           isn't permitted at run time.
4280
4281       panic: unknown OA_*: %x
4282           (P) The internal routine that handles arguments to "&CORE::foo()"
4283           subroutine calls was unable to determine what type of arguments
4284           were expected.
4285
4286       panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
4287           (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
4288           to even) byte length.
4289
4290       panic: utf16_to_utf8_reversed: odd bytelen
4291           (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8_reversed with an odd (as
4292           opposed to even) byte length.
4293
4294       panic: yylex, %s
4295           (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case
4296           modifier.
4297
4298       Parentheses missing around "%s" list
4299           (W parenthesis) You said something like
4300
4301               my $foo, $bar = @_;
4302
4303           when you meant
4304
4305               my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
4306
4307           Remember that "my", "our", "local" and "state" bind tighter than
4308           comma.
4309
4310       Parsing code internal error (%s)
4311           (F) Parsing code supplied by an extension violated the parser's API
4312           in a detectable way.
4313
4314       Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change exceeded limit in regex
4315           (F) You used a pattern that uses too many nested subpattern calls
4316           without consuming any text.  Restructure the pattern so text is
4317           consumed before the nesting limit is exceeded.
4318
4319       "-p" destination: %s
4320           (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the
4321           "-p" command-line switch.  (This output goes to STDOUT unless
4322           you've redirected it with select().)
4323
4324       Perl API version %s of %s does not match %s
4325           (F) The XS module in question was compiled against a different
4326           incompatible version of Perl than the one that has loaded the XS
4327           module.
4328
4329       Perl folding rules are not up-to-date for 0x%X; please use the perlbug
4330       utility to report; in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4331           (S regexp) You used a regular expression with case-insensitive
4332           matching, and there is a bug in Perl in which the built-in regular
4333           expression folding rules are not accurate.  This may lead to
4334           incorrect results.  Please report this as a bug using the perlbug
4335           utility.
4336
4337       PerlIO layer ':win32' is experimental
4338           (S experimental::win32_perlio) The ":win32" PerlIO layer is
4339           experimental.  If you want to take the risk of using this layer,
4340           simply disable this warning:
4341
4342               no warnings "experimental::win32_perlio";
4343
4344       Perl_my_%s() not available
4345           (F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size, so
4346           it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order
4347           conversion functions.  This is only a problem when you're using the
4348           '<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates.  See "pack" in
4349           perlfunc.
4350
4351       Perl %s required (did you mean %s?)--this is only %s, stopped
4352           (F) The code you are trying to run has asked for a newer version of
4353           Perl than you are running.  Perhaps "use 5.10" was written instead
4354           of "use 5.010" or "use v5.10".  Without the leading "v", the number
4355           is interpreted as a decimal, with every three digits after the
4356           decimal point representing a part of the version number.  So 5.10
4357           is equivalent to v5.100.
4358
4359       Perl %s required--this is only %s, stopped
4360           (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
4361           recent than the currently running version.  How long has it been
4362           since you upgraded, anyway?  See "require" in perlfunc.
4363
4364       PERL_SH_DIR too long
4365           (F) An error peculiar to OS/2.  PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to
4366           find the "sh"-shell in.  See "PERL_SH_DIR" in perlos2.
4367
4368       PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s"
4369           (X) See "PERL_SIGNALS" in perlrun for legal values.
4370
4371       Perls since %s too modern--this is %s, stopped
4372           (F) The code you are trying to run claims it will not run on the
4373           version of Perl you are using because it is too new.  Maybe the
4374           code needs to be updated, or maybe it is simply wrong and the
4375           version check should just be removed.
4376
4377       perl: warning: Non hex character in '$ENV{PERL_HASH_SEED}', seed only
4378       partially set
4379           (S) PERL_HASH_SEED should match /^\s*(?:0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]+\s*\z/ but
4380           it contained a non hex character.  This could mean you are not
4381           using the hash seed you think you are.
4382
4383       perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
4384           (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
4385
4386                   perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
4387                   perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
4388                           LC_ALL = "En_US",
4389                           LANG = (unset)
4390                       are supported and installed on your system.
4391                   perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
4392
4393           Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies.  In the above
4394           the settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no
4395           value.  This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your
4396           operating system supplier and/or system administrator have set up
4397           the so-called locale system but Perl could not use those settings.
4398           This was not dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale"
4399           called "C" that Perl can and will use, and the script will be run.
4400           Before you really fix the problem, however, you will get the same
4401           error message each time you run Perl.  How to really fix the
4402           problem can be found in perllocale section LOCALE PROBLEMS.
4403
4404       perl: warning: strange setting in '$ENV{PERL_PERTURB_KEYS}': '%s'
4405           (S) Perl was run with the environment variable PERL_PERTURB_KEYS
4406           defined but containing an unexpected value.  The legal values of
4407           this setting are as follows.
4408
4409             Numeric | String        | Result
4410             --------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
4411             0       | NO            | Disables key traversal randomization
4412             1       | RANDOM        | Enables full key traversal randomization
4413             2       | DETERMINISTIC | Enables repeatable key traversal
4414                     |               | randomization
4415
4416           Both numeric and string values are accepted, but note that string
4417           values are case sensitive.  The default for this setting is
4418           "RANDOM" or 1.
4419
4420       pid %x not a child
4421           (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Waitpid() was asked to wait
4422           for a process which isn't a subprocess of the current process.
4423           While this is fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what
4424           you intended.
4425
4426       'P' must have an explicit size in unpack
4427           (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*".
4428
4429       POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4430           (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown.  The
4431           <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
4432           was discovered.  Note that the POSIX character classes do not have
4433           the "is" prefix the corresponding C interfaces have: in other
4434           words, it's "[[:print:]]", not "isprint".  See perlre.
4435
4436       POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
4437           (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument,
4438           unlike the BSD version, which takes a pid.
4439
4440       POSIX syntax [%c %c] belongs inside character classes%s in regex;
4441       marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4442           (W regexp) Perl thinks that you intended to write a POSIX character
4443           class, but didn't use enough brackets.  These POSIX class
4444           constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .]  go inside character classes,
4445           the [] are part of the construct, for example:
4446           "qr/[012[:alpha:]345]/".  What the regular expression pattern
4447           compiled to is probably not what you were intending.  For example,
4448           "qr/[:alpha:]/" compiles to a regular bracketed character class
4449           consisting of the four characters ":",  "a",  "l", "h", and "p".
4450           To specify the POSIX class, it should have been written
4451           "qr/[[:alpha:]]/".
4452
4453           Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently implemented; they are
4454           simply placeholders for future extensions and will cause fatal
4455           errors.  The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression
4456           the problem was discovered.  See perlre.
4457
4458           If the specification of the class was not completely valid, the
4459           message indicates that.
4460
4461       POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked
4462       by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4463           (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
4464           beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future
4465           extensions.  If you need to represent those character sequences
4466           inside a regular expression character class, just quote the square
4467           brackets with the backslash: "\[."  and ".\]".  The <-- HERE shows
4468           whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4469           See perlre.
4470
4471       POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked
4472       by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4473           (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
4474           beginning with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future
4475           extensions.  If you need to represent those character sequences
4476           inside a regular expression character class, just quote the square
4477           brackets with the backslash: "\[=" and "=\]".  The <-- HERE shows
4478           whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4479           See perlre.
4480
4481       Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
4482           (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with
4483           literal strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are
4484           instead treated as literal data.  (You may have used different
4485           delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also
4486           frequently used.)
4487
4488           You probably wrote something like this:
4489
4490               @list = qw(
4491                   a # a comment
4492                   b # another comment
4493               );
4494
4495           when you should have written this:
4496
4497               @list = qw(
4498                   a
4499                   b
4500               );
4501
4502           If you really want comments, build your list the old-fashioned way,
4503           with quotes and commas:
4504
4505               @list = (
4506                   'a',    # a comment
4507                   'b',    # another comment
4508               );
4509
4510       Possible attempt to separate words with commas
4511           (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore
4512           commas aren't needed to separate the items.  (You may have used
4513           different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are
4514           also frequently used.)
4515
4516           You probably wrote something like this:
4517
4518               qw! a, b, c !;
4519
4520           which puts literal commas into some of the list items.  Write it
4521           without commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
4522
4523               qw! a b c !;
4524
4525       Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
4526           (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining
4527           for.  Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel
4528           byte at the end of the buffer just in case.  This sentinel byte got
4529           clobbered, and Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted.  See
4530           "ioctl" in perlfunc.
4531
4532       Possible precedence issue with control flow operator
4533           (W syntax) There is a possible problem with the mixing of a control
4534           flow operator (e.g. "return") and a low-precedence operator like
4535           "or".  Consider:
4536
4537               sub { return $a or $b; }
4538
4539           This is parsed as:
4540
4541               sub { (return $a) or $b; }
4542
4543           Which is effectively just:
4544
4545               sub { return $a; }
4546
4547           Either use parentheses or the high-precedence variant of the
4548           operator.
4549
4550           Note this may be also triggered for constructs like:
4551
4552               sub { 1 if die; }
4553
4554       Possible precedence problem on bitwise %s operator
4555           (W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in
4556           conjunction with a numeric comparison operator, like this :
4557
4558               if ($x & $y == 0) { ... }
4559
4560           This expression is actually equivalent to "$x & ($y == 0)", due to
4561           the higher precedence of "==".  This is probably not what you want.
4562           (If you really meant to write this, disable the warning, or,
4563           better, put the parentheses explicitly and write "$x & ($y == 0)").
4564
4565       Possible unintended interpolation of $\ in regex
4566           (W ambiguous) You said something like "m/$\/" in a regex.  The
4567           regex "m/foo$\s+bar/m" translates to: match the word 'foo', the
4568           output record separator (see "$\" in perlvar) and the letter 's'
4569           (one time or more) followed by the word 'bar'.
4570
4571           If this is what you intended then you can silence the warning by
4572           using "m/${\}/" (for example: "m/foo${\}s+bar/").
4573
4574           If instead you intended to match the word 'foo' at the end of the
4575           line followed by whitespace and the word 'bar' on the next line
4576           then you can use "m/$(?)\/" (for example: "m/foo$(?)\s+bar/").
4577
4578       Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
4579           (W ambiguous) You said something like '@foo' in a double-quoted
4580           string but there was no array @foo in scope at the time.  If you
4581           wanted a literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out
4582           what happened to the array you apparently lost track of.
4583
4584       Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
4585           (S precedence) The old irregular construct
4586
4587               open FOO || die;
4588
4589           is now misinterpreted as
4590
4591               open(FOO || die);
4592
4593           because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary
4594           and list operators.  (The old open was a little of both.)  You must
4595           put parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator
4596           instead of "||".
4597
4598       Premature end of script headers
4599           See "500 Server error".
4600
4601       printf() on closed filehandle %s
4602           (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
4603           sometime before now.  Check your control flow.
4604
4605       print() on closed filehandle %s
4606           (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed
4607           sometime before now.  Check your control flow.
4608
4609       Process terminated by SIG%s
4610           (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while
4611           *nix applications die in silence.  It is considered a feature of
4612           the OS/2 port.  One can easily disable this by appropriate
4613           sighandlers, see "Signals" in perlipc.  See also "Process
4614           terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT" in perlos2.
4615
4616       Prototype after '%c' for %s : %s
4617           (W illegalproto) A character follows % or @ in a prototype.  This
4618           is useless, since % and @ gobble the rest of the subroutine
4619           arguments.
4620
4621       Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
4622           (S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had
4623           previously been declared or defined with a different function
4624           prototype.
4625
4626       Prototype not terminated
4627           (F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype
4628           definition.
4629
4630       Prototype '%s' overridden by attribute 'prototype(%s)' in %s
4631           (W prototype) A prototype was declared in both the parentheses
4632           after the sub name and via the prototype attribute.  The prototype
4633           in parentheses is useless, since it will be replaced by the
4634           prototype from the attribute before it's ever used.
4635
4636       Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4637           (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier.  Backslash
4638           it if you meant it literally.  The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in
4639           the regular expression the problem was discovered.  See perlre.
4640
4641       Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4642           (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max
4643           values of the {min,max} construct.  The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
4644           in the regular expression the problem was discovered.  See perlre.
4645
4646       Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex
4647       Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4648       m/%s/
4649           (W regexp) Minima should be less than or equal to maxima.  If you
4650           really want your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}.
4651
4652       Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression in regex m/%s/
4653           (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place
4654           where it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion.  Try
4655           putting the quantifier inside the assertion instead.  For example,
4656           the way to match "abc" provided that it is followed by three
4657           repetitions of "xyz" is "/abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/", not
4658           "/abc(?=xyz){3}/".
4659
4660       Range iterator outside integer range
4661           (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator
4662           ".."  are outside the range which can be represented by integers
4663           internally.  One possible workaround is to force Perl to use
4664           magical string increment by prepending "0" to your numbers.
4665
4666       Ranges of ASCII printables should be some subset of "0-9", "A-Z", or
4667       "a-z" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4668           (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
4669
4670           Stricter rules help to find typos and other errors.  Perhaps you
4671           didn't even intend a range here, if the "-" was meant to be some
4672           other character, or should have been escaped (like "\-").  If you
4673           did intend a range, the one that was used is not portable between
4674           ASCII and EBCDIC platforms, and doesn't have an obvious meaning to
4675           a casual reader.
4676
4677            [3-7]    # OK; Obvious and portable
4678            [d-g]    # OK; Obvious and portable
4679            [A-Y]    # OK; Obvious and portable
4680            [A-z]    # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4681            [a-Z]    # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4682            [%-.]    # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4683            [\x41-Z] # WRONG; Not portable; not obvious to non-geek
4684
4685           (You can force portability by specifying a Unicode range, which
4686           means that the endpoints are specified by "\N{...}", but the
4687           meaning may still not be obvious.)  The stricter rules require that
4688           ranges that start or stop with an ASCII character that is not a
4689           control have all their endpoints be the literal character, and not
4690           some escape sequence (like "\x41"), and the ranges must be all
4691           digits, or all uppercase letters, or all lowercase letters.
4692
4693       Ranges of digits should be from the same group in regex; marked by
4694       <-- HERE in m/%s/
4695           (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
4696
4697           Stricter rules help to find typos and other errors.  You included a
4698           range, and at least one of the end points is a decimal digit.
4699           Under the stricter rules, when this happens, both end points should
4700           be digits in the same group of 10 consecutive digits.
4701
4702       readdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4703           (W io) The dirhandle you're reading from is either closed or not
4704           really a dirhandle.  Check your control flow.
4705
4706       readline() on closed filehandle %s
4707           (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed
4708           sometime before now.  Check your control flow.
4709
4710       read() on closed filehandle %s
4711           (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
4712
4713       read() on unopened filehandle %s
4714           (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never
4715           opened.
4716
4717       Reallocation too large: %x
4718           (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
4719
4720       realloc() of freed memory ignored
4721           (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that
4722           had already been freed.
4723
4724       Recompile perl with -DDEBUGGING to use -D switch
4725           (S debugging) You can't use the -D option unless the code to
4726           produce the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails
4727           some overhead, which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
4728
4729       Recursive call to Perl_load_module in PerlIO_find_layer
4730           (P) It is currently not permitted to load modules when creating a
4731           filehandle inside an %INC hook.  This can happen with "open my $fh,
4732           '<', \$scalar", which implicitly loads PerlIO::scalar.  Try loading
4733           PerlIO::scalar explicitly first.
4734
4735       Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
4736           (F) While calculating the method resolution order (MRO) of a
4737           package, Perl believes it found an infinite loop in the @ISA
4738           hierarchy.  This is a crude check that bails out after 100 levels
4739           of @ISA depth.
4740
4741       Redundant argument in %s
4742           (W redundant) You called a function with more arguments than other
4743           arguments you supplied indicated would be needed.  Currently only
4744           emitted when a printf-type format required fewer arguments than
4745           were supplied, but might be used in the future for e.g. "pack" in
4746           perlfunc.
4747
4748       refcnt_dec: fd %d%s
4749       refcnt: fd %d%s
4750       refcnt_inc: fd %d%s
4751           (P) Perl's I/O implementation failed an internal consistency check.
4752           If you see this message, something is very wrong.
4753
4754       Reference found where even-sized list expected
4755           (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a
4756           list with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash).
4757           This usually means that you used the anon hash constructor when you
4758           meant to use parens.  In any case, a hash requires key/value pairs.
4759
4760               %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, };    # WRONG
4761               %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ];    # WRONG
4762               %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, );    # right
4763               %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 );                  # also fine
4764
4765       Reference is already weak
4766           (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already
4767           weak.  Doing so has no effect.
4768
4769       Reference is not weak
4770           (W misc) You have attempted to unweaken a reference that is not
4771           weak.  Doing so has no effect.
4772
4773       Reference to invalid group 0 in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4774           (F) You used "\g0" or similar in a regular expression.  You may
4775           refer to capturing parentheses only with strictly positive integers
4776           (normal backreferences) or with strictly negative integers
4777           (relative backreferences).  Using 0 does not make sense.
4778
4779       Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4780           (F) You used something like "\7" in your regular expression, but
4781           there are not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the
4782           expression.  If you wanted to have the character with ordinal 7
4783           inserted into the regular expression, prepend zeroes to make it
4784           three digits long: "\007"
4785
4786           The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4787           problem was discovered.
4788
4789       Reference to nonexistent named group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4790       m/%s/
4791           (F) You used something like "\k'NAME'" or "\k<NAME>" in your
4792           regular expression, but there is no corresponding named capturing
4793           parentheses such as "(?'NAME'...)" or "(?<NAME>...)".  Check if the
4794           name has been spelled correctly both in the backreference and the
4795           declaration.
4796
4797           The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4798           problem was discovered.
4799
4800       Reference to nonexistent or unclosed group in regex; marked by <-- HERE
4801       in m/%s/
4802           (F) You used something like "\g{-7}" in your regular expression,
4803           but there are not at least seven sets of closed capturing
4804           parentheses in the expression before where the "\g{-7}" was
4805           located.
4806
4807           The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4808           problem was discovered.
4809
4810       regexp memory corruption
4811           (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
4812           expression compiler gave it.
4813
4814       Regexp modifier "/%c" may appear a maximum of twice
4815       Regexp modifier "%c" may appear a maximum of twice in regex; marked by
4816       <-- HERE in m/%s/
4817           (F) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences of the
4818           specified modifier.  Remove the extraneous ones.
4819
4820       Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear after the "-" in regex; marked by
4821       <-- HERE in m/%s/
4822           (F) Turning off the given modifier has the side effect of turning
4823           on another one.  Perl currently doesn't allow this.  Reword the
4824           regular expression to use the modifier you want to turn on (and
4825           place it before the minus), instead of the one you want to turn
4826           off.
4827
4828       Regexp modifier "/%c" may not appear twice
4829       Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear twice in regex; marked by <-- HERE
4830       in m/%s/
4831           (F) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences of the
4832           specified modifier.  Remove the extraneous ones.
4833
4834       Regexp modifiers "/%c" and "/%c" are mutually exclusive
4835       Regexp modifiers "%c" and "%c" are mutually exclusive in regex; marked
4836       by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4837           (F) The regular expression pattern had more than one of these
4838           mutually exclusive modifiers.  Retain only the modifier that is
4839           supposed to be there.
4840
4841       Regexp out of space in regex m/%s/
4842           (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught
4843           it earlier.
4844
4845       Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @#)
4846           (F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a
4847           numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never
4848           terminates.  You might use ^# instead.  See perlform.
4849
4850       Replacement list is longer than search list
4851           (W misc) You have used a replacement list that is longer than the
4852           search list.  So the additional elements in the replacement list
4853           are meaningless.
4854
4855       '(*%s' requires a terminating ':' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4856           (F) You used a construct that needs a colon and pattern argument.
4857           Supply these or check that you are using the right construct.
4858
4859       '%s' resolved to '\o{%s}%d'
4860           (W misc, regexp)  You wrote something like "\08", or "\179" in a
4861           double-quotish string.  All but the last digit is treated as a
4862           single character, specified in octal.  The last digit is the next
4863           character in the string.  To tell Perl that this is indeed what you
4864           want, you can use the "\o{ }" syntax, or use exactly three digits
4865           to specify the octal for the character.
4866
4867       Reversed %s= operator
4868           (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards.  The =
4869           must always come last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary
4870           operators.
4871
4872       rewinddir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4873           (W io) The dirhandle you tried to do a rewinddir() on is either
4874           closed or not really a dirhandle.  Check your control flow.
4875
4876       Scalars leaked: %d
4877           (S internal) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of
4878           scalars: not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl
4879           exited.  What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of
4880           course bad, especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-
4881           running.
4882
4883       Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
4884           (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
4885           single element of an array.  Generally it's better to ask for a
4886           scalar value (indicated by $).  The difference is that $foo[&bar]
4887           always behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when
4888           evaluating its argument, while @foo[&bar] behaves like a list when
4889           you assign to it, and provides a list context to its subscript,
4890           which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
4891
4892           On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
4893           element as a list, you need to look into how references work,
4894           because Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists
4895           for you.  See perlref.
4896
4897       Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
4898           (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a
4899           single element of a hash.  Generally it's better to ask for a
4900           scalar value (indicated by $).  The difference is that $foo{&bar}
4901           always behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when
4902           evaluating its argument, while @foo{&bar} behaves like a list when
4903           you assign to it, and provides a list context to its subscript,
4904           which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
4905
4906           On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash
4907           element as a list, you need to look into how references work,
4908           because Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists
4909           for you.  See perlref.
4910
4911       Search pattern not terminated
4912           (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
4913           construct.  Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
4914           level.  Missing the leading "$" from a variable $m may cause this
4915           error.
4916
4917           Note that since Perl 5.10.0 a // can also be the defined-or
4918           construct, not just the empty search pattern.  Therefore code
4919           written in Perl 5.10.0 or later that uses the // as the defined-or
4920           can be misparsed by pre-5.10.0 Perls as a non-terminated search
4921           pattern.
4922
4923       seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4924           (W io) The dirhandle you are doing a seekdir() on is either closed
4925           or not really a dirhandle.  Check your control flow.
4926
4927       %sseek() on unopened filehandle
4928           (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a
4929           filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
4930
4931       select not implemented
4932           (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
4933
4934       Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported
4935           (F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in the
4936           current implementation.
4937
4938       Semicolon seems to be missing
4939           (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a
4940           missing semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as
4941           a comma.
4942
4943       semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
4944           (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate
4945           a scalar that had previously been marked as free.
4946
4947       sem%s not implemented
4948           (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
4949
4950       send() on closed socket %s
4951           (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime
4952           before now.  Check your control flow.
4953
4954       Sequence "\c{" invalid
4955           (F) These three characters may not appear in sequence in a double-
4956           quotish context.  This message is raised only on non-ASCII
4957           platforms (a different error message is output on ASCII ones).  If
4958           you were intending to specify a control character with this
4959           sequence, you'll have to use a different way to specify it.
4960
4961       Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4962           (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?.
4963           The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4964           problem was discovered.  See perlre.
4965
4966       Sequence (?%c...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4967           (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character
4968           reserved but has not yet been written.  The <-- HERE shows
4969           whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4970           See perlre.
4971
4972       Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4973           (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make
4974           sense.  The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression
4975           the problem was discovered.  This may happen when using the
4976           "(?^...)" construct to tell Perl to use the default regular
4977           expression modifiers, and you redundantly specify a default
4978           modifier.  For other causes, see perlre.
4979
4980       Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex m/%s/
4981           (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
4982           parenthesis.  Embedded parentheses aren't allowed.  See perlre.
4983
4984       Sequence (?&... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4985           (F) A named reference of the form "(?&...)" was missing the final
4986           closing parenthesis after the name.  The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
4987           in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4988
4989       Sequence (?%c... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4990           (F) A named group of the form "(?'...')" or "(?<...>)" was missing
4991           the final closing quote or angle bracket.  The <-- HERE shows
4992           whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4993
4994       Sequence (?(%c... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4995           (F) A named reference of the form "(?('...')...)" or
4996           "(?(<...>)...)" was missing the final closing quote or angle
4997           bracket after the name.  The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the
4998           regular expression the problem was discovered.
4999
5000       Sequence (?... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5001           (F) There was no matching closing parenthesis for the '('.  The
5002           <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
5003           was discovered.
5004
5005       Sequence \%s... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5006           (F) The regular expression expects a mandatory argument following
5007           the escape sequence and this has been omitted or incorrectly
5008           written.
5009
5010       Sequence (?{...}) not terminated with ')'
5011           (F) The end of the perl code contained within the {...} must be
5012           followed immediately by a ')'.
5013
5014       Sequence (?P>... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5015           (F) A named reference of the form "(?P>...)" was missing the final
5016           closing parenthesis after the name.  The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
5017           in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5018
5019       Sequence (?P<... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5020           (F) A named group of the form "(?P<...>')" was missing the final
5021           closing angle bracket.  The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the
5022           regular expression the problem was discovered.
5023
5024       Sequence ?P=... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5025           (F) A named reference of the form "(?P=...)" was missing the final
5026           closing parenthesis after the name.  The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
5027           in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5028
5029       Sequence (?R) not terminated in regex m/%s/
5030           (F) An "(?R)" or "(?0)" sequence in a regular expression was
5031           missing the final parenthesis.
5032
5033       500 Server error
5034           (A) This is the error message generally seen in a browser window
5035           when trying to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web.  The
5036           actual error text varies widely from server to server.  The most
5037           frequently-seen variants are "500 Server error", "Method
5038           (something) not permitted", "Document contains no data", "Premature
5039           end of script headers", and "Did not produce a valid header".
5040
5041           This is a CGI error, not a Perl error.
5042
5043           You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by
5044           the user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the
5045           user account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment
5046           variables (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and
5047           isn't in a location where the CGI server can't find it, basically,
5048           more or less.  Please see the following for more information:
5049
5050                   http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
5051                   http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html
5052                   http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/
5053
5054           You should also look at perlfaq9.
5055
5056       setegid() not implemented
5057           (F) You tried to assign to $), and your operating system doesn't
5058           support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5059           Configure didn't think so.
5060
5061       seteuid() not implemented
5062           (F) You tried to assign to $>, and your operating system doesn't
5063           support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5064           Configure didn't think so.
5065
5066       setpgrp can't take arguments
5067           (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no
5068           arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and
5069           process group ID.
5070
5071       setrgid() not implemented
5072           (F) You tried to assign to $(, and your operating system doesn't
5073           support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5074           Configure didn't think so.
5075
5076       setruid() not implemented
5077           (F) You tried to assign to $<, and your operating system doesn't
5078           support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5079           Configure didn't think so.
5080
5081       setsockopt() on closed socket %s
5082           (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket.
5083           Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
5084           See "setsockopt" in perlfunc.
5085
5086       Setting $/ to a reference to %s is forbidden
5087           (F) You assigned a reference to a scalar to $/ where the referenced
5088           item is not a positive integer.  In older perls this appeared to
5089           work the same as setting it to "undef" but was in fact internally
5090           different, less efficient and with very bad luck could have
5091           resulted in your file being split by a stringified form of the
5092           reference.
5093
5094           In Perl 5.20.0 this was changed so that it would be exactly the
5095           same as setting $/ to undef, with the exception that this warning
5096           would be thrown.
5097
5098           You are recommended to change your code to set $/ to "undef"
5099           explicitly if you wish to slurp the file.  As of Perl 5.28
5100           assigning $/ to a reference to an integer which isn't positive is a
5101           fatal error.
5102
5103       Setting $/ to %s reference is forbidden
5104           (F) You tried to assign a reference to a non integer to $/.  In
5105           older Perls this would have behaved similarly to setting it to a
5106           reference to a positive integer, where the integer was the address
5107           of the reference.  As of Perl 5.20.0 this is a fatal error, to
5108           allow future versions of Perl to use non-integer refs for more
5109           interesting purposes.
5110
5111       shm%s not implemented
5112           (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
5113
5114       !=~ should be !~
5115           (W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~.  !=~ will be
5116           interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement)
5117           operators: probably not what you intended.
5118
5119       /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
5120           (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a
5121           string, as in the first argument to "join".  Perl will treat the
5122           true or false result of matching the pattern against $_ as the
5123           string, which is probably not what you had in mind.
5124
5125       shutdown() on closed socket %s
5126           (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket.  Seems a
5127           bit superfluous.
5128
5129       SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
5130           (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact,
5131           exist.  Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
5132
5133       Slab leaked from cv %p
5134           (S) If you see this message, then something is seriously wrong with
5135           the internal bookkeeping of op trees.  An op tree needed to be
5136           freed after a compilation error, but could not be found, so it was
5137           leaked instead.
5138
5139       sleep(%u) too large
5140           (W overflow) You called "sleep" with a number that was larger than
5141           it can reliably handle and "sleep" probably slept for less time
5142           than requested.
5143
5144       Slurpy parameter not last
5145           (F) In a subroutine signature, you put something after a slurpy
5146           (array or hash) parameter.  The slurpy parameter takes all the
5147           available arguments, so there can't be any left to fill later
5148           parameters.
5149
5150       Smart matching a non-overloaded object breaks encapsulation
5151           (F) You should not use the "~~" operator on an object that does not
5152           overload it: Perl refuses to use the object's underlying structure
5153           for the smart match.
5154
5155       Smartmatch is experimental
5156           (S experimental::smartmatch) This warning is emitted if you use the
5157           smartmatch ("~~") operator.  This is currently an experimental
5158           feature, and its details are subject to change in future releases
5159           of Perl.  Particularly, its current behavior is noticed for being
5160           unnecessarily complex and unintuitive, and is very likely to be
5161           overhauled.
5162
5163       Sorry, hash keys must be smaller than 2**31 bytes
5164           (F) You tried to create a hash containing a very large key, where
5165           "very large" means that it needs at least 2 gigabytes to store.
5166           Unfortunately, Perl doesn't yet handle such large hash keys. You
5167           should reconsider your design to avoid hashing such a long string
5168           directly.
5169
5170       sort is now a reserved word
5171           (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into
5172           anymore.  But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it
5173           as a filehandle.
5174
5175       Source filters apply only to byte streams
5176           (F) You tried to activate a source filter (usually by loading a
5177           source filter module) within a string passed to "eval".  This is
5178           not permitted under the "unicode_eval" feature.  Consider using
5179           "evalbytes" instead.  See feature.
5180
5181       splice() offset past end of array
5182           (W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end
5183           of the array passed to splice().  Splicing will instead commence at
5184           the end of the array, rather than past it.  If this isn't what you
5185           want, try explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array =
5186           $offset.  See "splice" in perlfunc.
5187
5188       Split loop
5189           (P) The split was looping infinitely.  (Obviously, a split
5190           shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input,
5191           which is what happened.)  See "split" in perlfunc.
5192
5193       Statement unlikely to be reached
5194           (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than
5195           a die().  This is almost always an error, because exec() never
5196           returns unless there was a failure.  You probably wanted to use
5197           system() instead, which does return.  To suppress this warning, put
5198           the exec() in a block by itself.
5199
5200       "state" subroutine %s can't be in a package
5201           (F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't
5202           make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
5203           front.
5204
5205       "state %s" used in sort comparison
5206           (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort
5207           comparisons.  You used $a or $b in as an operand to the "<=>" or
5208           "cmp" operator inside a sort comparison block, and the variable had
5209           earlier been declared as a lexical variable.  Either qualify the
5210           sort variable with the package name, or rename the lexical
5211           variable.
5212
5213       "state" variable %s can't be in a package
5214           (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't
5215           make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
5216           front.  Use local() if you want to localize a package variable.
5217
5218       stat() on unopened filehandle %s
5219           (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle
5220           that was either never opened or has since been closed.
5221
5222       Strings with code points over 0xFF may not be mapped into in-memory
5223       file handles
5224           (W utf8) You tried to open a reference to a scalar for read or
5225           append where the scalar contained code points over 0xFF.  In-memory
5226           files model on-disk files and can only contain bytes.
5227
5228       Stub found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
5229           (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by
5230           importation stubs.  Stubs should never be implicitly created, but
5231           explicit calls to "can" may break this.
5232
5233       Subroutine attributes must come before the signature
5234           (F) When subroutine signatures are enabled, any subroutine
5235           attributes must come before the signature. Note that this order was
5236           the opposite in versions 5.22..5.26. So:
5237
5238               sub foo :lvalue ($a, $b) { ... }  # 5.20 and 5.28 +
5239               sub foo ($a, $b) :lvalue { ... }  # 5.22 .. 5.26
5240
5241       Subroutine "&%s" is not available
5242           (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval
5243           is attempting to capture an outer lexical subroutine that is not
5244           currently available.  This can happen for one of two reasons.
5245           First, the lexical subroutine may be declared in an outer anonymous
5246           subroutine that has not yet been created.  (Remember that named
5247           subs are created at compile time, while anonymous subs are created
5248           at run-time.)  For example,
5249
5250               sub { my sub a {...} sub f { \&a } }
5251
5252           At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current "a"
5253           sub, since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet.
5254           Conversely, the following won't give a warning since the anonymous
5255           subroutine has by now been created and is live:
5256
5257               sub { my sub a {...} eval 'sub f { \&a }' }->();
5258
5259           The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a lexical
5260           subroutine that has gone out of scope, for example,
5261
5262               sub f {
5263                   my sub a {...}
5264                   sub { eval '\&a' }
5265               }
5266               f()->();
5267
5268           Here, when the '\&a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not
5269           currently being executed, so its &a is not available for capture.
5270
5271       "%s" subroutine &%s masks earlier declaration in same %s
5272           (W shadow) A "my" or "state" subroutine has been redeclared in the
5273           current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to
5274           the previous instance.  This is almost always a typographical
5275           error.  Note that the earlier subroutine will still exist until the
5276           end of the scope or until all closure references to it are
5277           destroyed.
5278
5279       Subroutine %s redefined
5280           (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine.  To suppress this warning,
5281           say
5282
5283               {
5284                   no warnings 'redefine';
5285                   eval "sub name { ... }";
5286               }
5287
5288       Subroutine "%s" will not stay shared
5289           (W closure) An inner (nested) named subroutine is referencing a
5290           "my" subroutine defined in an outer named subroutine.
5291
5292           When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of the
5293           outer subroutine's lexical subroutine as it was before and during
5294           the *first* call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the
5295           first call to the outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer
5296           subroutines will no longer share a common value for the lexical
5297           subroutine.  In other words, it will no longer be shared.  This
5298           will especially make a difference if the lexical subroutines
5299           accesses lexical variables declared in its surrounding scope.
5300
5301           This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
5302           anonymous, using the "sub {}" syntax.  When inner anonymous subs
5303           that reference lexical subroutines in outer subroutines are
5304           created, they are automatically rebound to the current values of
5305           such lexical subs.
5306
5307       Substitution loop
5308           (P) The substitution was looping infinitely.  (Obviously, a
5309           substitution shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters
5310           of input, which is what happened.)  See the discussion of
5311           substitution in "Regexp Quote-Like Operators" in perlop.
5312
5313       Substitution pattern not terminated
5314           (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or
5315           s{}{} construct.  Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
5316           level.  Missing the leading "$" from variable $s may cause this
5317           error.
5318
5319       Substitution replacement not terminated
5320           (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
5321           construct.  Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
5322           level.  Missing the leading "$" from variable $s may cause this
5323           error.
5324
5325       substr outside of string
5326           (W substr)(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed
5327           outside of a string.  That is, the absolute value of the offset was
5328           larger than the length of the string.  See "substr" in perlfunc.
5329           This warning is fatal if substr is used in an lvalue context (as
5330           the left hand side of an assignment or as a subroutine argument for
5331           example).
5332
5333       sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d
5334           (P) Perl tried to force the upgrade of an SV to a type which was
5335           actually inferior to its current type.
5336
5337       SWASHNEW didn't return an HV ref
5338           (P) Something went wrong internally when Perl was trying to look up
5339           Unicode characters.
5340
5341       Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by
5342       <-- HERE in m/%s/
5343           (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at
5344           most two branches (the if-clause and the else-clause).  If you want
5345           one or both to contain alternation, such as using
5346           "this|that|other", enclose it in clustering parentheses:
5347
5348               (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause)
5349
5350           The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5351           problem was discovered.  See perlre.
5352
5353       Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5354           (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause)
5355           construct is not known.  The condition must be one of the
5356           following:
5357
5358            (1) (2) ...        true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched
5359            (<NAME>) ('NAME')  true if named capture matched
5360            (?=...) (?<=...)   true if subpattern matches
5361            (?!...) (?<!...)   true if subpattern fails to match
5362            (?{ CODE })        true if code returns a true value
5363            (R)                true if evaluating inside recursion
5364            (R1) (R2) ...      true if directly inside capture group 1, 2, etc.
5365            (R&NAME)           true if directly inside named capture
5366            (DEFINE)           always false; for defining named subpatterns
5367
5368           The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5369           problem was discovered.  See perlre.
5370
5371       Switch (?(condition)... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
5372       m/%s/
5373           (F) You omitted to close a (?(condition)...) block somewhere in the
5374           pattern.  Add a closing parenthesis in the appropriate position.
5375           See perlre.
5376
5377       switching effective %s is not implemented
5378           (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, we cannot switch the
5379           real and effective uids or gids.
5380
5381       syntax error
5382           (F) Probably means you had a syntax error.  Common reasons include:
5383
5384               A keyword is misspelled.
5385               A semicolon is missing.
5386               A comma is missing.
5387               An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
5388               An opening or closing brace is missing.
5389               A closing quote is missing.
5390
5391           Often there will be another error message associated with the
5392           syntax error giving more information.  (Sometimes it helps to turn
5393           on -w.)  The error message itself often tells you where it was in
5394           the line when it decided to give up.  Sometimes the actual error is
5395           several tokens before this, because Perl is good at understanding
5396           random input.  Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and
5397           once in a blue moon the only way to figure out what's triggering
5398           the error is to call "perl -c" repeatedly, chopping away half the
5399           program each time to see if the error went away.  Sort of the
5400           cybernetic version of 20 questions.
5401
5402       syntax error at line %d: '%s' unexpected
5403           (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
5404           instead of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
5405           into Perl yourself.
5406
5407       syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s"
5408           (F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through
5409           a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use
5410           strict" or "my $var" or "our $var".
5411
5412       Syntax error in (?[...]) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5413           (F) Perl could not figure out what you meant inside this construct;
5414           this notifies you that it is giving up trying.
5415
5416       %s syntax OK
5417           (F) The final summary message when a "perl -c" succeeds.
5418
5419       sysread() on closed filehandle %s
5420           (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
5421
5422       sysread() on unopened filehandle %s
5423           (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never
5424           opened.
5425
5426       System V %s is not implemented on this machine
5427           (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
5428           "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your
5429           machine.  In some machines the functionality can exist but be
5430           unconfigured.  Consult your system support.
5431
5432       syswrite() on closed filehandle %s
5433           (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
5434           sometime before now.  Check your control flow.
5435
5436       "-T" and "-B" not implemented on filehandles
5437           (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it
5438           doesn't know about your kind of stdio.  You'll have to use a
5439           filename instead.
5440
5441       Target of goto is too deeply nested
5442           (F) You tried to use "goto" to reach a label that was too deeply
5443           nested for Perl to reach.  Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
5444
5445       telldir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
5446           (W io) The dirhandle you tried to telldir() is either closed or not
5447           really a dirhandle.  Check your control flow.
5448
5449       tell() on unopened filehandle
5450           (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle
5451           that was either never opened or has since been closed.
5452
5453       The alpha_assertions feature is experimental
5454           (S experimental::alpha_assertions) This feature is experimental and
5455           its behavior may change in any future release of perl.  See
5456           "Extended Patterns" in perlre.
5457
5458       The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia.
5459           (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
5460           probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because
5461           they think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least
5462           that they will continue to pretend that it is.  And if you quote me
5463           on that, I will deny it.
5464
5465       The experimental declared_refs feature is not enabled
5466           (F) To declare references to variables, as in "my \%x", you must
5467           first enable the feature:
5468
5469               no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
5470               use feature "declared_refs";
5471
5472       The %s function is unimplemented
5473           (F) The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture,
5474           according to the probings of Configure.
5475
5476       The private_use feature is experimental
5477           (S experimental::private_use) This feature is actually a hook for
5478           future use.
5479
5480       The regex_sets feature is experimental
5481           (S experimental::regex_sets) This warning is emitted if you use the
5482           syntax "(?[   ])" in a regular expression.  The details of this
5483           feature are subject to change.  If you want to use it, but know
5484           that in doing so you are taking the risk of using an experimental
5485           feature which may change in a future Perl version, you can do this
5486           to silence the warning:
5487
5488               no warnings "experimental::regex_sets";
5489
5490       The script_run feature is experimental
5491           (S experimental::script_run) This feature is experimental and its
5492           behavior may in any future release of perl.  See "Script Runs" in
5493           perlre.
5494
5495       The signatures feature is experimental
5496           (S experimental::signatures) This warning is emitted if you unwrap
5497           a subroutine's arguments using a signature.  Simply suppress the
5498           warning if you want to use the feature, but know that in doing so
5499           you are taking the risk of using an experimental feature which may
5500           change or be removed in a future Perl version:
5501
5502               no warnings "experimental::signatures";
5503               use feature "signatures";
5504               sub foo ($left, $right) { ... }
5505
5506       The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat
5507           (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic
5508           linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already
5509           went past the symlink to get to the real file.  Use an actual
5510           filename instead.
5511
5512       The Unicode property wildcards feature is experimental
5513           (S experimental::uniprop_wildcards) This feature is experimental
5514           and its behavior may in any future release of perl.  See "Wildcards
5515           in Property Values" in perlunicode.
5516
5517       The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables
5518           (F) This attribute was never supported on "my" or "sub"
5519           declarations.
5520
5521       This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
5522       This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
5523           (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS.  You tried to change or
5524           delete an element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your
5525           copy of Perl wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv()
5526           function.  You'll need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or
5527           redefine PERL_ENV_TABLES (see perlvms) so that the environ array
5528           isn't the target of the change to %ENV which produced the warning.
5529
5530       This Perl has not been built with support for randomized hash key
5531       traversal but something called Perl_hv_rand_set().
5532           (F) Something has attempted to use an internal API call which
5533           depends on Perl being compiled with the default support for
5534           randomized hash key traversal, but this Perl has been compiled
5535           without it.  You should report this warning to the relevant
5536           upstream party, or recompile perl with default options.
5537
5538       This use of my() in false conditional is no longer allowed
5539           (F) You used a declaration similar to "my $x if 0".  There has been
5540           a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical variable not to
5541           be cleared at scope exit when its declaration includes a false
5542           conditional.  Some people have exploited this bug to achieve a kind
5543           of static variable.  Since we intend to fix this bug, we don't want
5544           people relying on this behavior.  You can achieve a similar static
5545           effect by declaring the variable in a separate block outside the
5546           function, eg
5547
5548               sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
5549
5550           becomes
5551
5552               { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
5553
5554           Beginning with perl 5.10.0, you can also use "state" variables to
5555           have lexicals that are initialized only once (see feature):
5556
5557               sub f { state $x; return $x++ }
5558
5559           This use of "my()" in a false conditional was deprecated beginning
5560           in Perl 5.10 and became a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
5561
5562       times not implemented
5563           (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times().  I
5564           suspect you're not running on Unix.
5565
5566       "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line
5567           (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
5568           -T option (or the -t option), but Perl was not invoked with -T in
5569           its command line.  This is an error because, by the time Perl
5570           discovers a -T in a script, it's too late to properly taint
5571           everything from the environment.  So Perl gives up.
5572
5573           If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
5574           mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be
5575           fixed by editing the #! line so that the -%c option is a part of
5576           Perl's first argument: e.g. change "perl -n -%c" to "perl -%c -n".
5577
5578           If the Perl script is being executed as "perl scriptname", then the
5579           -%c option must appear on the command line: "perl -%c scriptname".
5580
5581       To%s: illegal mapping '%s'
5582           (F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst,
5583           uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you
5584           specified an illegal mapping.  See "User-Defined Character
5585           Properties" in perlunicode.
5586
5587       Too deeply nested ()-groups
5588           (F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep
5589           nesting level.
5590
5591       Too few args to syscall
5592           (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify
5593           the system call to call, silly dilly.
5594
5595       Too few arguments for subroutine '%s'
5596           (F) A subroutine using a signature fewer arguments than required by
5597           the signature.  The caller of the subroutine is presumably at
5598           fault.
5599
5600           The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
5601           If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
5602           will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used.
5603
5604       Too late for "-%s" option
5605           (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
5606           -M, -m or -C option.
5607
5608           In the case of -M and -m, this is an error because those options
5609           are not intended for use inside scripts.  Use the "use" pragma
5610           instead.
5611
5612           The -C option only works if it is specified on the command line as
5613           well (with the same sequence of letters or numbers following).
5614           Either specify this option on the command line, or, if your system
5615           supports it, make your script executable and run it directly
5616           instead of passing it to perl.
5617
5618       Too late to run %s block
5619           (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time
5620           proper, when the opportunity to run them has already passed.
5621           Perhaps you are loading a file with "require" or "do" when you
5622           should be using "use" instead.  Or perhaps you should put the
5623           "require" or "do" inside a BEGIN block.
5624
5625       Too many args to syscall
5626           (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
5627
5628       Too many arguments for %s
5629           (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
5630
5631       Too many arguments for subroutine '%s'
5632           (F) A subroutine using a signature received more arguments than
5633           permitted by the signature.  The caller of the subroutine is
5634           presumably at fault.
5635
5636           The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
5637           If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
5638           will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used.
5639
5640       Too many nested open parens in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5641           (F) You have exceeded the number of open "(" parentheses that
5642           haven't been matched by corresponding closing ones.  This limit
5643           prevents eating up too much memory.  It is initially set to 1000,
5644           but may be changed by setting "${^RE_COMPILE_RECURSION_LIMIT}" to
5645           some other value.  This may need to be done in a BEGIN block before
5646           the regular expression pattern is compiled.
5647
5648       Too many )'s
5649           (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5650           Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5651           yourself.
5652
5653       Too many ('s
5654           (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5655           Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5656           yourself.
5657
5658       Trailing \ in regex m/%s/
5659           (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
5660           Backslash it.   See perlre.
5661
5662       Transliteration pattern not terminated
5663           (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or
5664           tr[][] or y/// or y[][] construct.  Missing the leading "$" from
5665           variables $tr or $y may cause this error.
5666
5667       Transliteration replacement not terminated
5668           (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][],
5669           y/// or y[][] construct.
5670
5671       '%s' trapped by operation mask
5672           (F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which
5673           it's disallowed.  See Safe.
5674
5675       truncate not implemented
5676           (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
5677           Configure knows about.
5678
5679       Type of arg %d to &CORE::%s must be %s
5680           (F) The subroutine in question in the CORE package requires its
5681           argument to be a hard reference to data of the specified type.
5682           Overloading is ignored, so a reference to an object that is not the
5683           specified type, but nonetheless has overloading to handle it, will
5684           still not be accepted.
5685
5686       Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
5687           (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
5688           certain type.  Arrays must be @NAME or "@{EXPR}".  Hashes must be
5689           %NAME or "%{EXPR}".  No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
5690           {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference.  See perlref.
5691
5692       umask not implemented
5693           (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried
5694           to use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700).
5695
5696       Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
5697           (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5698           how many execution contexts were entered and left.
5699
5700       Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
5701           (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5702           how many values were temporarily localized.
5703
5704       Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
5705           (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5706           how many blocks were entered and left.
5707
5708       Unbalanced string table refcount: (%d) for "%s"
5709           (S internal) On exit, Perl found some strings remaining in the
5710           shared string table used for copy on write and for hash keys.  The
5711           entries should have been freed, so this indicates a bug somewhere.
5712
5713       Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
5714           (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5715           how many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
5716
5717       Undefined format "%s" called
5718           (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist.  Perhaps it's
5719           really in another package?  See perlform.
5720
5721       Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
5722           (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.
5723           Perhaps it's in a different package?  See "sort" in perlfunc.
5724
5725       Undefined subroutine &%s called
5726           (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it
5727           has since been undefined.
5728
5729       Undefined subroutine called
5730           (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been
5731           defined, or if it was, it has since been undefined.
5732
5733       Undefined subroutine in sort
5734           (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't
5735           seem to have been defined yet.  See "sort" in perlfunc.
5736
5737       Undefined top format "%s" called
5738           (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist.  Perhaps it's
5739           really in another package?  See perlform.
5740
5741       Undefined value assigned to typeglob
5742           (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la "*foo
5743           = undef".  This does nothing.  It's possible that you really mean
5744           "undef *foo".
5745
5746       %s: Undefined variable
5747           (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5748           Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5749           yourself.
5750
5751       Unescaped left brace in regex is passed through in regex; marked by
5752       <-- HERE in m/%s/
5753           (W regexp)  The simple rule to remember, if you want to match a
5754           literal "{" character (U+007B "LEFT CURLY BRACKET") in a regular
5755           expression pattern, is to escape each literal instance of it in
5756           some way.  Generally easiest is to precede it with a backslash,
5757           like "\{" or enclose it in square brackets ("[{]").  If the pattern
5758           delimiters are also braces, any matching right brace ("}") should
5759           also be escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for example,
5760
5761            qr{abc\{def\}ghi}
5762
5763           Forcing literal "{" characters to be escaped will enable the Perl
5764           language to be extended in various ways in future releases.  To
5765           avoid needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is is not
5766           enforced in contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions
5767           that could conflict with the use there of "{" as a literal.  Those
5768           that are not potentially ambiguous do not warn; those that are do
5769           raise a non-deprecation warning.
5770
5771           In this release of Perl, some literal uses of "{" are fatal, and
5772           some still just deprecated.  This is because of an oversight:  some
5773           uses of a literal "{" that should have raised a deprecation warning
5774           starting in v5.20 did not warn until v5.26.  By making the already-
5775           warned uses fatal now, some of the planned extensions can be made
5776           to the language sooner.  The cases which are still allowed will be
5777           fatal in Perl 5.32.
5778
5779           The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are:
5780
5781           ·   as the first character in a pattern, or following "^"
5782               indicating to anchor the match to the beginning of a line.
5783
5784           ·   as the first character following a "|" indicating alternation.
5785
5786           ·   as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like
5787
5788                /foo({bar)/
5789                /foo(?:{bar)/
5790
5791           ·   as the first character following a quantifier
5792
5793                /\s*{/
5794
5795       Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated here (and will be fatal in
5796       Perl 5.32), passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5797           (D deprecated, regexp)  The simple rule to remember, if you want to
5798           match a literal "{" character (U+007B "LEFT CURLY BRACKET") in a
5799           regular expression pattern, is to escape each literal instance of
5800           it in some way.  Generally easiest is to precede it with a
5801           backslash, like "\{" or enclose it in square brackets ("[{]").  If
5802           the pattern delimiters are also braces, any matching right brace
5803           ("}") should also be escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for
5804           example,
5805
5806            qr{abc\{def\}ghi}
5807
5808           Forcing literal "{" characters to be escaped will enable the Perl
5809           language to be extended in various ways in future releases.  To
5810           avoid needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is is not
5811           enforced in contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions
5812           that could conflict with the use there of "{" as a literal.  Those
5813           that are not potentially ambiguous do not warn; those that are do
5814           raise a non-deprecation warning.
5815
5816           In this release of Perl, some literal uses of "{" are fatal, and
5817           some still just deprecated.  This is because of an oversight:  some
5818           uses of a literal "{" that should have raised a deprecation warning
5819           starting in v5.20 did not warn until v5.26.  By making the already-
5820           warned uses fatal now, some of the planned extensions can be made
5821           to the language sooner.  The cases which are still allowed will be
5822           fatal in Perl 5.32.
5823
5824           The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are:
5825
5826           ·   as the first character in a pattern, or following "^"
5827               indicating to anchor the match to the beginning of a line.
5828
5829           ·   as the first character following a "|" indicating alternation.
5830
5831           ·   as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like
5832
5833                /foo({bar)/
5834                /foo(?:{bar)/
5835
5836           ·   as the first character following a quantifier
5837
5838                /\s*{/
5839
5840       Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here in regex; marked by
5841       <-- HERE in m/%s/
5842           (F) The simple rule to remember, if you want to match a literal "{"
5843           character (U+007B "LEFT CURLY BRACKET") in a regular expression
5844           pattern, is to escape each literal instance of it in some way.
5845           Generally easiest is to precede it with a backslash, like "\{" or
5846           enclose it in square brackets ("[{]").  If the pattern delimiters
5847           are also braces, any matching right brace ("}") should also be
5848           escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for example,
5849
5850            qr{abc\{def\}ghi}
5851
5852           Forcing literal "{" characters to be escaped will enable the Perl
5853           language to be extended in various ways in future releases.  To
5854           avoid needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is is not
5855           enforced in contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions
5856           that could conflict with the use there of "{" as a literal.  Those
5857           that are not potentially ambiguous do not warn; those that are do
5858           raise a non-deprecation warning.
5859
5860           In this release of Perl, some literal uses of "{" are fatal, and
5861           some still just deprecated.  This is because of an oversight:  some
5862           uses of a literal "{" that should have raised a deprecation warning
5863           starting in v5.20 did not warn until v5.26.  By making the already-
5864           warned uses fatal now, some of the planned extensions can be made
5865           to the language sooner.  The cases which are still allowed will be
5866           fatal in Perl 5.32.
5867
5868           The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are:
5869
5870           ·   as the first character in a pattern, or following "^"
5871               indicating to anchor the match to the beginning of a line.
5872
5873           ·   as the first character following a "|" indicating alternation.
5874
5875           ·   as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like
5876
5877                /foo({bar)/
5878                /foo(?:{bar)/
5879
5880           ·   as the first character following a quantifier
5881
5882                /\s*{/
5883
5884       Unescaped literal '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5885           (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'")
5886
5887           Within the scope of "use re 'strict'" in a regular expression
5888           pattern, you included an unescaped "}" or "]" which was interpreted
5889           literally.  These two characters are sometimes metacharacters, and
5890           sometimes literals, depending on what precedes them in the pattern.
5891           This is unlike the similar ")" which is always a metacharacter
5892           unless escaped.
5893
5894           This action at a distance, perhaps a large distance, can lead to
5895           Perl silently misinterpreting what you meant, so when you specify
5896           that you want extra checking by "use re 'strict'", this warning is
5897           generated.  If you meant the character as a literal, simply confirm
5898           that to Perl by preceding the character with a backslash, or make
5899           it into a bracketed character class (like "[}]").  If you meant it
5900           as closing a corresponding "[" or "{", you'll need to look back
5901           through the pattern to find out why that isn't happening.
5902
5903       unexec of %s into %s failed!
5904           (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason.  See your local
5905           FSF representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
5906
5907       Unexpected binary operator '%c' with no preceding operand in regex;
5908       marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5909           (F) You had something like this:
5910
5911            (?[ | \p{Digit} ])
5912
5913           where the "|" is a binary operator with an operand on the right,
5914           but no operand on the left.
5915
5916       Unexpected character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5917           (F) You had something like this:
5918
5919            (?[ z ])
5920
5921           Within "(?[ ])", no literal characters are allowed unless they are
5922           within an inner pair of square brackets, like
5923
5924            (?[ [ z ] ])
5925
5926           Another possibility is that you forgot a backslash.  Perl isn't
5927           smart enough to figure out what you really meant.
5928
5929       Unexpected constant lvalue entersub entry via type/targ %d:%d
5930           (P) When compiling a subroutine call in lvalue context, Perl failed
5931           an internal consistency check.  It encountered a malformed op tree.
5932
5933       Unexpected exit %u
5934           (S) exit() was called or the script otherwise finished gracefully
5935           when "PERL_EXIT_WARN" was set in "PL_exit_flags".
5936
5937       Unexpected exit failure %d
5938           (S) An uncaught die() was called when "PERL_EXIT_WARN" was set in
5939           "PL_exit_flags".
5940
5941       Unexpected ')' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5942           (F) You had something like this:
5943
5944            (?[ ( \p{Digit} + ) ])
5945
5946           The ")" is out-of-place.  Something apparently was supposed to be
5947           combined with the digits, or the "+" shouldn't be there, or
5948           something like that.  Perl can't figure out what was intended.
5949
5950       Unexpected ']' with no following ')' in (?[... in regex; marked by <--
5951       HERE in m/%s/
5952           (F) While parsing an extended character class a ']' character was
5953           encountered at a point in the definition where the only legal use
5954           of ']' is to close the character class definition as part of a
5955           '])', you may have forgotten the close paren, or otherwise confused
5956           the parser.
5957
5958       Unexpected '(' with no preceding operator in regex; marked by <-- HERE
5959       in m/%s/
5960           (F) You had something like this:
5961
5962            (?[ \p{Digit} ( \p{Lao} + \p{Thai} ) ])
5963
5964           There should be an operator before the "(", as there's no
5965           indication as to how the digits are to be combined with the
5966           characters in the Lao and Thai scripts.
5967
5968       Unicode non-character U+%X is not recommended for open interchange
5969           (S nonchar) Certain codepoints, such as U+FFFE and U+FFFF, are
5970           defined by the Unicode standard to be non-characters.  Those are
5971           legal codepoints, but are reserved for internal use; so,
5972           applications shouldn't attempt to exchange them.  An application
5973           may not be expecting any of these characters at all, and receiving
5974           them may lead to bugs.  If you know what you are doing you can turn
5975           off this warning by "no warnings 'nonchar';".
5976
5977           This is not really a "severe" error, but it is supposed to be
5978           raised by default even if warnings are not enabled, and currently
5979           the only way to do that in Perl is to mark it as serious.
5980
5981       Unicode property wildcard not terminated
5982           (F) A Unicode property wildcard looks like a delimited regular
5983           expression pattern (all within the braces of the enclosing
5984           "\p{...}".  The closing delimtter to match the opening one was not
5985           found.  If the opening one is escaped by preceding it with a
5986           backslash, the closing one must also be so escaped.
5987
5988       Unicode surrogate U+%X is illegal in UTF-8
5989           (S surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they
5990           are not considered acceptable.  These code points, between U+D800
5991           and U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16.
5992           However, Perl internally allows all unsigned integer code points
5993           (up to the size limit available on your platform), including
5994           surrogates.  But these can cause problems when being input or
5995           output, which is likely where this message came from.  If you
5996           really really know what you are doing you can turn off this warning
5997           by "no warnings 'surrogate';".
5998
5999       Unknown charname '%s'
6000           (F) The name you used inside "\N{}" is unknown to Perl.  Check the
6001           spelling.  You can say "use charnames ":loose"" to not have to be
6002           so precise about spaces, hyphens, and capitalization on standard
6003           Unicode names.  (Any custom aliases that have been created must be
6004           specified exactly, regardless of whether ":loose" is used or not.)
6005           This error may also happen if the "\N{}" is not in the scope of the
6006           corresponding "use charnames".
6007
6008       Unknown '(*...)' construct '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6009           (F) The "(*" was followed by something that the regular expression
6010           compiler does not recognize.  Check your spelling.
6011
6012       Unknown error
6013           (P) Perl was about to print an error message in $@, but the $@
6014           variable did not exist, even after an attempt to create it.
6015
6016       Unknown locale category %d; can't set it to %s
6017           (W locale) You used a locale category that perl doesn't recognize,
6018           so it cannot carry out your request.  Check that you are using a
6019           valid category.  If so, see "Multi-threaded" in perllocale for
6020           advice on reporting this as a bug, and for modifying perl locally
6021           to accommodate your needs.
6022
6023       Unknown open() mode '%s'
6024           (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
6025           of valid modes: "<", ">", ">>", "+<", "+>", "+>>", "-|", "|-",
6026           "<&", ">&".
6027
6028       Unknown PerlIO layer "%s"
6029           (W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the
6030           Perl I/O system.  (Layers take care of transforming data between
6031           external and internal representations.)  Note that some layers,
6032           such as "mmap", are not supported in all environments.  If your
6033           program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be
6034           the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
6035
6036       Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
6037           (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl was reading values for %ENV
6038           before iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the
6039           stream of data Perl expected.  Someone's very confused, or perhaps
6040           trying to subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
6041
6042       Unknown regexp modifier "/%s"
6043           (F) Alphanumerics immediately following the closing delimiter of a
6044           regular expression pattern are interpreted by Perl as modifier
6045           flags for the regex.  One of the ones you specified is invalid.
6046           One way this can happen is if you didn't put in white space between
6047           the end of the regex and a following alphanumeric operator:
6048
6049            if ($a =~ /foo/and $bar == 3) { ... }
6050
6051           The "a" is a valid modifier flag, but the "n" is not, and raises
6052           this error.  Likely what was meant instead was:
6053
6054            if ($a =~ /foo/ and $bar == 3) { ... }
6055
6056       Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)
6057           (W) You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma.
6058
6059       Unknown switch condition (?(...)) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6060           (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause)
6061           construct is not known.  The condition must be one of the
6062           following:
6063
6064            (1) (2) ...            true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched
6065            (<NAME>) ('NAME')      true if named capture matched
6066            (?=...) (?<=...)       true if subpattern matches
6067            (*pla:...) (*plb:...)  true if subpattern matches; also
6068                                        (*positive_lookahead:...)
6069                                        (*positive_lookbehind:...)
6070            (*nla:...) (*nlb:...)  true if subpattern fails to match; also
6071                                        (*negative_lookahead:...)
6072                                        (*negative_lookbehind:...)
6073            (?{ CODE })            true if code returns a true value
6074            (R)                    true if evaluating inside recursion
6075            (R1) (R2) ...          true if directly inside capture group 1, 2,
6076                                        etc.
6077            (R&NAME)               true if directly inside named capture
6078            (DEFINE)               always false; for defining named subpatterns
6079
6080           The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6081           problem was discovered.  See perlre.
6082
6083       Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'
6084           (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option.  See perlrun
6085           documentation of the "-C" switch for the list of known options.
6086
6087       Unknown Unicode option value %d
6088           (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option.  See perlrun
6089           documentation of the "-C" switch for the list of known options.
6090
6091       Unknown verb pattern '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6092           (F) You either made a typo or have incorrectly put a "*" quantifier
6093           after an open brace in your pattern.  Check the pattern and review
6094           perlre for details on legal verb patterns.
6095
6096       Unknown warnings category '%s'
6097           (F) An error issued by the "warnings" pragma.  You specified a
6098           warnings category that is unknown to perl at this point.
6099
6100           Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a
6101           module (e.g. "use warnings 'File::Find'"), you must have loaded
6102           this module first.
6103
6104       Unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6105           (F) The brackets around a character class must match.  If you wish
6106           to include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or
6107           put it first.  The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular
6108           expression the problem was discovered.  See perlre.
6109
6110       Unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6111       Unmatched ) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6112           (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
6113           expressions.  If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for
6114           finding the matching parenthesis.  The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
6115           in the regular expression the problem was discovered.  See perlre.
6116
6117       Unmatched right %s bracket
6118           (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than
6119           opening ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening
6120           bracket.  As a general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to
6121           speak) near the place you were last editing.
6122
6123       Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
6124           (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a
6125           reserved word.  It's best to put such a word in quotes, or
6126           capitalize it somehow, or insert an underbar into it.  You might
6127           also declare it as a subroutine.
6128
6129       Unrecognized character %s; marked by <-- HERE after %s near column %d
6130           (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified
6131           character in your Perl script (or eval) near the specified column.
6132           Perhaps you tried  to run a compressed script, a binary program, or
6133           a directory as a Perl program.
6134
6135       Unrecognized escape \%c in character class in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6136       in m/%s/
6137           (F) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6138           recognized by Perl inside character classes.  This is a fatal error
6139           when the character class is used within "(?[ ])".
6140
6141       Unrecognized escape \%c in character class passed through in regex;
6142       marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6143           (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6144           recognized by Perl inside character classes.  The character was
6145           understood literally, but this may change in a future version of
6146           Perl.  The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6147           escape was discovered.
6148
6149       Unrecognized escape \%c passed through
6150           (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6151           recognized by Perl.  The character was understood literally, but
6152           this may change in a future version of Perl.
6153
6154       Unrecognized escape \%s passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6155       m/%s/
6156           (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6157           recognized by Perl.  The character(s) were understood literally,
6158           but this may change in a future version of Perl.  The <-- HERE
6159           shows whereabouts in the regular expression the escape was
6160           discovered.
6161
6162       Unrecognized signal name "%s"
6163           (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
6164           recognized.  Say "kill -l" in your shell to see the valid signal
6165           names on your system.
6166
6167       Unrecognized switch: -%s  (-h will show valid options)
6168           (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl.  Don't do that.  (If
6169           you think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's
6170           supplying the bad switch on your behalf.)
6171
6172       Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
6173           (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that
6174           operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a
6175           newline, PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off.  See
6176           "chomp" in perlfunc.
6177
6178       Unsupported directory function "%s" called
6179           (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
6180
6181       Unsupported function %s
6182           (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function,
6183           apparently.  At least, Configure doesn't think so.
6184
6185       Unsupported function fork
6186           (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
6187
6188           Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different
6189           flavors of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some
6190           not.  Try changing the name you call Perl by to "perl_", "perl__",
6191           and so on.
6192
6193       Unsupported script encoding %s
6194           (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM)
6195           which declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot
6196           read.
6197
6198       Unsupported socket function "%s" called
6199           (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or
6200           at least that's what Configure thought.
6201
6202       Unterminated '(*...' argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6203           (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*...:...)" but did not
6204           terminate the pattern with a ")".  Fix the pattern and retry.
6205
6206       Unterminated attribute list
6207           (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the
6208           start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a
6209           block.  Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous
6210           attribute too soon.  See attributes.
6211
6212       Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list
6213           (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while
6214           parsing an attribute list, but the matching closing (right)
6215           parenthesis character was not found.  You may need to add (or
6216           remove) a backslash character to get your parentheses to balance.
6217           See attributes.
6218
6219       Unterminated compressed integer
6220           (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER
6221           compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer.
6222           See "pack" in perlfunc.
6223
6224       Unterminated '(*...' construct in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6225           (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*...)" but did not terminate
6226           the pattern with a ")".  Fix the pattern and retry.
6227
6228       Unterminated delimiter for here document
6229           (F) This message occurs when a here document label has an initial
6230           quotation mark but the final quotation mark is missing.  Perhaps
6231           you wrote:
6232
6233               <<"foo
6234
6235           instead of:
6236
6237               <<"foo"
6238
6239       Unterminated \g... pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6240       Unterminated \g{...} pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6241           (F) In a regular expression, you had a "\g" that wasn't followed by
6242           a proper group reference.  In the case of "\g{", the closing brace
6243           is missing; otherwise the "\g" must be followed by an integer.  Fix
6244           the pattern and retry.
6245
6246       Unterminated <> operator
6247           (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was
6248           expecting a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle
6249           bracket, and not finding it.  Chances are you left some needed
6250           parentheses out earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
6251           than".
6252
6253       Unterminated verb pattern argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6254       m/%s/
6255           (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*VERB:ARG)" but did not
6256           terminate the pattern with a ")".  Fix the pattern and retry.
6257
6258       Unterminated verb pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6259           (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*VERB)" but did not terminate
6260           the pattern with a ")".  Fix the pattern and retry.
6261
6262       untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
6263           (W untie) A copy of the object returned from "tie" (or "tied") was
6264           still valid when "untie" was called.
6265
6266       Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)
6267           (F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments.  See
6268           "FUNCTIONS" in POSIX for more information.
6269
6270       Usage: Win32::%s(%s)
6271           (F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments.  See
6272           Win32 for more information.
6273
6274       $[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)
6275           (W syntax) You used $[ in a comparison, such as:
6276
6277               if ($[ > 5.006) {
6278                   ...
6279               }
6280
6281           You probably meant to use $] instead.  $[ is the base for indexing
6282           arrays.  $] is the Perl version number in decimal.
6283
6284       Use "%s" instead of "%s"
6285           (F) The second listed construct is no longer legal.  Use the first
6286           one instead.
6287
6288       Useless assignment to a temporary
6289           (W misc) You assigned to an lvalue subroutine, but what the
6290           subroutine returned was a temporary scalar about to be discarded,
6291           so the assignment had no effect.
6292
6293       Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6294       m/%s/
6295           (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that
6296           has no meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:
6297
6298               if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... }
6299
6300           must be written as
6301
6302               if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }
6303
6304           The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6305           problem was discovered.  See perlre.
6306
6307       Useless localization of %s
6308           (W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as "local($x=10)" is
6309           legal, but in fact the local() currently has no effect.  This may
6310           change at some point in the future, but in the meantime such code
6311           is discouraged.
6312
6313       Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6314           (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has
6315           no meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
6316
6317               if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
6318
6319           must be written as
6320
6321               if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
6322
6323           The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6324           problem was discovered.  See perlre.
6325
6326       Useless use of attribute "const"
6327           (W misc) The "const" attribute has no effect except on anonymous
6328           closure prototypes.  You applied it to a subroutine via
6329           attributes.pm.  This is only useful inside an attribute handler for
6330           an anonymous subroutine.
6331
6332       Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator
6333           (W misc) You have used the /d modifier where the searchlist has the
6334           same length as the replacelist.  See perlop for more information
6335           about the /d modifier.
6336
6337       Useless use of \E
6338           (W misc) You have a \E in a double-quotish string without a "\U",
6339           "\L" or "\Q" preceding it.
6340
6341       Useless use of greediness modifier '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6342       m/%s/
6343           (W regexp) You specified something like these:
6344
6345            qr/a{3}?/
6346            qr/b{1,1}+/
6347
6348           The "?" and "+" don't have any effect, as they modify whether to
6349           match more or fewer when there is a choice, and by specifying to
6350           match exactly a given numer, there is no room left for a choice.
6351
6352       Useless use of %s in void context
6353           (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that
6354           does nothing with the return value, such as a statement that
6355           doesn't return a value from a block, or the left side of a scalar
6356           comma operator.  Very often this points not to stupidity on your
6357           part, but a failure of Perl to parse your program the way you
6358           thought it would.  For example, you'd get this if you mixed up your
6359           C precedence with Python precedence and said
6360
6361               $one, $two = 1, 2;
6362
6363           when you meant to say
6364
6365               ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
6366
6367           Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a
6368           list reference when you should be using square or curly brackets,
6369           for example, if you say
6370
6371               $array = (1,2);
6372
6373           when you should have said
6374
6375               $array = [1,2];
6376
6377           The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar
6378           value, while parentheses do not.  So when a parenthesized list is
6379           evaluated in a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma
6380           operator, which throws away the left argument, which is not what
6381           you want.  See perlref for more on this.
6382
6383           This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0
6384           or 1 since they are often used in statements like
6385
6386               1 while sub_with_side_effects();
6387
6388           String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned
6389           about.
6390
6391       Useless use of (?-p) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6392           (W regexp) The "p" modifier cannot be turned off once set.  Trying
6393           to do so is futile.
6394
6395       Useless use of "re" pragma
6396           (W) You did "use re;" without any arguments.  That isn't very
6397           useful.
6398
6399       Useless use of sort in scalar context
6400           (W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in :
6401
6402               my $x = sort @y;
6403
6404           This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away.
6405
6406       Useless use of %s with no values
6407           (W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no
6408           arguments apart from the array, like "push(@x)" or "unshift(@foo)".
6409           That won't usually have any effect on the array, so is completely
6410           useless.  It's possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could
6411           have some effect if the array is tied to a class which implements a
6412           PUSH method.  If so, you can write it as "push(@tied_array,())" to
6413           avoid this warning.
6414
6415       "use" not allowed in expression
6416           (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time,
6417           and returns no useful value.  See perlmod.
6418
6419       Use of bare << to mean <<"" is forbidden
6420           (F) You are now required to use the explicitly quoted form if you
6421           wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
6422
6423           Use of a bare terminator was deprecated in Perl 5.000, and is a
6424           fatal error as of Perl 5.28.
6425
6426       Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///
6427           (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution.  The /c
6428           modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions.
6429
6430       Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g
6431           (W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but
6432           didn't use the /g modifier.  Currently, /c is meaningful only when
6433           /g is used.  (This may change in the future.)
6434
6435       Use of code point 0x%s is not allowed; the permissible max is 0x%x
6436       Use of code point 0x%s is not allowed; the permissible max is 0x%x in
6437       regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6438           (F) You used a code point that is not allowed, because it is too
6439           large.  Unicode only allows code points up to 0x10FFFF, but Perl
6440           allows much larger ones. Earlier versions of Perl allowed code
6441           points above IV_MAX (0x7FFFFFF on 32-bit platforms,
6442           0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF on 64-bit platforms), however, this could
6443           possibly break the perl interpreter in some constructs, including
6444           causing it to hang in a few cases.
6445
6446           If your code is to run on various platforms, keep in mind that the
6447           upper limit depends on the platform.  It is much larger on 64-bit
6448           word sizes than 32-bit ones.
6449
6450           The use of out of range code points was deprecated in Perl 5.24,
6451           and became a fatal error in Perl 5.28.
6452
6453       Use of each() on hash after insertion without resetting hash iterator
6454       results in undefined behavior
6455           (S internal) The behavior of "each()" after insertion is undefined;
6456           it may skip items, or visit items more than once.  Consider using
6457           "keys()" instead of "each()".
6458
6459       Use of := for an empty attribute list is not allowed
6460           (F) The construction "my $x := 42" used to parse as equivalent to
6461           "my $x : = 42" (applying an empty attribute list to $x).  This
6462           construct was deprecated in 5.12.0, and has now been made a syntax
6463           error, so ":=" can be reclaimed as a new operator in the future.
6464
6465           If you need an empty attribute list, for example in a code
6466           generator, add a space before the "=".
6467
6468       Use of %s for non-UTF-8 locale is wrong.  Assuming a UTF-8 locale
6469           (W locale)  You are matching a regular expression using locale
6470           rules, and the specified construct was encountered.  This construct
6471           is only valid for UTF-8 locales, which the current locale isn't.
6472           This doesn't make sense.  Perl will continue, assuming a Unicode
6473           (UTF-8) locale, but the results are likely to be wrong.
6474
6475       Use of freed value in iteration
6476           (F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop?  This
6477           error is typically caused by code like the following:
6478
6479               @a = (3,4);
6480               @a = () for (1,2,@a);
6481
6482           You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated
6483           over.  For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not
6484           do full reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such
6485           an item in the middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed
6486           value.
6487
6488       Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split
6489           (W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a "split"
6490           operator.  Since "split" always tries to match the pattern
6491           repeatedly, the "/g" has no effect.
6492
6493       Use of "goto" to jump into a construct is deprecated
6494           (D deprecated) Using "goto" to jump from an outer scope into an
6495           inner scope is deprecated and should be avoided.
6496
6497           This was deprecated in Perl 5.12.
6498
6499       Use of '%s' in \p{} or \P{} is deprecated because: %s
6500           (D deprecated) Certain properties are deprecated by Unicode, and
6501           may eventually be removed from the Standard, at which time Perl
6502           will follow along.  In the meantime, this message is raised to
6503           notify you.
6504
6505       Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%s() is no longer allowed
6506           (F) As an accidental feature, "AUTOLOAD" subroutines were looked up
6507           as methods (using the @ISA hierarchy), even when the subroutines to
6508           be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g. "Foo::bar()"),
6509           not as methods (e.g. "Foo->bar()" or "$obj->bar()").
6510
6511           This was deprecated in Perl 5.004, and was made fatal in Perl 5.28.
6512
6513       Use of %s in printf format not supported
6514           (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible
6515           from only C.  This usually means there's a better way to do it in
6516           Perl.
6517
6518       Use of -l on filehandle%s
6519           (W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened
6520           the file it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying
6521           to look for.  The operation returned "undef".  Use a filename
6522           instead.
6523
6524       Use of reference "%s" as array index
6525           (W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this
6526           probably isn't what you mean, because references in numerical
6527           context tend to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates
6528           programmer error.
6529
6530           If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like
6531           so: $array[0+$ref].  This warning is not given for overloaded
6532           objects, however, because you can overload the numification and
6533           stringification operators and then you presumably know what you are
6534           doing.
6535
6536       Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to %s operator
6537       is not allowed
6538           (F) You tried to use one of the string bitwise operators ("&" or
6539           "|" or "^" or "~") on a string containing a code point over 0xFF.
6540           The string bitwise operators treat their operands as strings of
6541           bytes, and values beyond 0xFF are nonsensical in this context.
6542
6543           This became fatal in Perl 5.28.
6544
6545       Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to "vec" is
6546       deprecated. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.32
6547           (D deprecated) You tried to use "vec" on a string containing a code
6548           point over 0xFF, which is nonsensical here.
6549
6550           Such usage will be a fatal error in Perl 5.32.
6551
6552       Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated
6553           (W taint, deprecated) You have supplied "system()" or "exec()" with
6554           multiple arguments and at least one of them is tainted.  This used
6555           to be allowed but will become a fatal error in a future version of
6556           perl.  Untaint your arguments.  See perlsec.
6557
6558       Use of unassigned code point or non-standalone grapheme for a delimiter
6559       is not allowed
6560           (F) A grapheme is what appears to a native-speaker of a language to
6561           be a character.  In Unicode (and hence Perl) a grapheme may
6562           actually be several adjacent characters that together form a
6563           complete grapheme.  For example, there can be a base character,
6564           like "R" and an accent, like a circumflex "^", that appear when
6565           displayed to be a single character with the circumflex hovering
6566           over the "R".  Perl currently allows things like that circumflex to
6567           be delimiters of strings, patterns, etc.  When displayed, the
6568           circumflex would look like it belongs to the character just to the
6569           left of it.  In order to move the language to be able to accept
6570           graphemes as delimiters, we cannot allow the use of delimiters
6571           which aren't graphemes by themselves.  Also, a delimiter must
6572           already be assigned (or known to be never going to be assigned) to
6573           try to future-proof code, for otherwise code that works today would
6574           fail to compile if the currently unassigned delimiter ends up being
6575           something that isn't a stand-alone grapheme.  Because Unicode is
6576           never going to assign non-character code points, nor code points
6577           that are above the legal Unicode maximum, those can be delimiters,
6578           and their use is legal.
6579
6580       Use of uninitialized value%s
6581           (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already
6582           defined.  It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a
6583           mistake.  To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your
6584           variables.
6585
6586           To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell
6587           you the name of the variable (if any) that was undefined.  In some
6588           cases it cannot do this, so it also tells you what operation you
6589           used the undefined value in.  Note, however, that perl optimizes
6590           your program and the operation displayed in the warning may not
6591           necessarily appear literally in your program.  For example, "that
6592           $foo" is usually optimized into ""that " . $foo", and the warning
6593           will refer to the "concatenation (.)" operator, even though there
6594           is no "." in your program.
6595
6596       "use re 'strict'" is experimental
6597           (S experimental::re_strict) The things that are different when a
6598           regular expression pattern is compiled under 'strict' are subject
6599           to change in future Perl releases in incompatible ways.  This means
6600           that a pattern that compiles today may not in a future Perl
6601           release.  This warning is to alert you to that risk.
6602
6603       Use \x{...} for more than two hex characters in regex; marked by
6604       <-- HERE in m/%s/
6605           (F) In a regular expression, you said something like
6606
6607            (?[ [ \xBEEF ] ])
6608
6609           Perl isn't sure if you meant this
6610
6611            (?[ [ \x{BEEF} ] ])
6612
6613           or if you meant this
6614
6615            (?[ [ \x{BE} E F ] ])
6616
6617           You need to add either braces or blanks to disambiguate.
6618
6619       Using just the first character returned by \N{} in character class in
6620       regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6621           (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes "(\N{...})" may return a
6622           multi-character sequence.  Even though a character class is
6623           supposed to match just one character of input, perl will match the
6624           whole thing correctly, except when the class is inverted
6625           ("[^...]"), or the escape is the beginning or final end point of a
6626           range.  For these, what should happen isn't clear at all.  In these
6627           circumstances, Perl discards all but the first character of the
6628           returned sequence, which is not likely what you want.
6629
6630       Using /u for '%s' instead of /%s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6631           (W regexp) You used a Unicode boundary ("\b{...}" or "\B{...}") in
6632           a portion of a regular expression where the character set modifiers
6633           "/a" or "/aa" are in effect.  These two modifiers indicate an ASCII
6634           interpretation, and this doesn't make sense for a Unicode
6635           definition.  The generated regular expression will compile so that
6636           the boundary uses all of Unicode.  No other portion of the regular
6637           expression is affected.
6638
6639       Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense
6640           (F) Using the "!~" operator with "s///r", "tr///r" or "y///r" is
6641           currently reserved for future use, as the exact behavior has not
6642           been decided.  (Simply returning the boolean opposite of the
6643           modified string is usually not particularly useful.)
6644
6645       UTF-16 surrogate U+%X
6646           (S surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they
6647           are not considered acceptable.  These code points, between U+D800
6648           and U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16.
6649           However, Perl internally allows all unsigned integer code points
6650           (up to the size limit available on your platform), including
6651           surrogates.  But these can cause problems when being input or
6652           output, which is likely where this message came from.  If you
6653           really really know what you are doing you can turn off this warning
6654           by "no warnings 'surrogate';".
6655
6656       Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
6657           (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*>
6658           (glob), "each()", or "readdir()" as a boolean value.  Each of these
6659           constructs can return a value of "0"; that would make the
6660           conditional expression false, which is probably not what you
6661           intended.  When using these constructs in conditional expressions,
6662           test their values with the "defined" operator.
6663
6664       Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long
6665           (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Perl tried to read the value
6666           of an %ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant
6667           string longer than 1024 characters.  The return value has been
6668           truncated to 1024 characters.
6669
6670       Variable "%s" is not available
6671           (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval
6672           is attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently
6673           available.  This can happen for one of two reasons.  First, the
6674           outer lexical may be declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that
6675           has not yet been created.  (Remember that named subs are created at
6676           compile time, while anonymous subs are created at run-time.)  For
6677           example,
6678
6679               sub { my $a; sub f { $a } }
6680
6681           At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value
6682           of $a, since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet.
6683           Conversely, the following won't give a warning since the anonymous
6684           subroutine has by now been created and is live:
6685
6686               sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->();
6687
6688           The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that
6689           has gone out of scope, for example,
6690
6691               sub f {
6692                   my $a;
6693                   sub { eval '$a' }
6694               }
6695               f()->();
6696
6697           Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not
6698           currently being executed, so its $a is not available for capture.
6699
6700       Variable "%s" is not imported%s
6701           (S misc) With "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global
6702           variable that you apparently thought was imported from another
6703           module, because something else of the same name (usually a
6704           subroutine) is exported by that module.  It usually means you put
6705           the wrong funny character on the front of your variable.
6706
6707       Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex m/%s/
6708           (F) This message no longer should be raised as of Perl 5.30.  It is
6709           retained in this document as a convenience for people using an
6710           earlier Perl version.
6711
6712           In Perl 5.30 and earlier, lookbehind is allowed only for
6713           subexpressions whose length is fixed and known at compile time.
6714           For positive lookbehind, you can use the "\K" regex construct as a
6715           way to get the equivalent functionality.  See (?<=pattern) and \K
6716           in perlre.
6717
6718           Starting in Perl 5.18, there are non-obvious Unicode rules under
6719           "/i" that can match variably, but which you might not think could.
6720           For example, the substring "ss" can match the single character
6721           LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S.  Here's a complete list of the current
6722           ones affecting ASCII characters:
6723
6724              ASCII
6725             sequence      Matches single letter under /i
6726               FF          U+FB00 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FF
6727               FFI         U+FB03 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFI
6728               FFL         U+FB04 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFL
6729               FI          U+FB01 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FI
6730               FL          U+FB02 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FL
6731               SS          U+00DF LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S
6732                           U+1E9E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S
6733               ST          U+FB06 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE ST
6734                           U+FB05 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE LONG S T
6735
6736           This list is subject to change, but is quite unlikely to.  Each
6737           ASCII sequence can be any combination of upper- and lowercase.
6738
6739           You can avoid this by using a bracketed character class in the
6740           lookbehind assertion, like
6741
6742            (?<![sS]t)
6743            (?<![fF]f[iI])
6744
6745           This fools Perl into not matching the ligatures.
6746
6747           Another option for Perls starting with 5.16, if you only care about
6748           ASCII matches, is to add the "/aa" modifier to the regex.  This
6749           will exclude all these non-obvious matches, thus getting rid of
6750           this message.  You can also say
6751
6752            use if $] ge 5.016, re => '/aa';
6753
6754           to apply "/aa" to all regular expressions compiled within its
6755           scope.  See re.
6756
6757       "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
6758           (W shadow) A "my", "our" or "state" variable has been redeclared in
6759           the current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access
6760           to the previous instance.  This is almost always a typographical
6761           error.  Note that the earlier variable will still exist until the
6762           end of the scope or until all closure references to it are
6763           destroyed.
6764
6765       Variable syntax
6766           (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
6767           Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
6768           yourself.
6769
6770       Variable "%s" will not stay shared
6771           (W closure) An inner (nested) named subroutine is referencing a
6772           lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine.
6773
6774           When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of the
6775           outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
6776           call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to
6777           the outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines
6778           will no longer share a common value for the variable.  In other
6779           words, the variable will no longer be shared.
6780
6781           This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
6782           anonymous, using the "sub {}" syntax.  When inner anonymous subs
6783           that reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they are
6784           automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
6785
6786       vector argument not supported with alpha versions
6787           (S printf) The %vd (s)printf format does not support version
6788           objects with alpha parts.
6789
6790       Verb pattern '%s' has a mandatory argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6791       in m/%s/
6792           (F) You used a verb pattern that requires an argument.  Supply an
6793           argument or check that you are using the right verb.
6794
6795       Verb pattern '%s' may not have an argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6796       in m/%s/
6797           (F) You used a verb pattern that is not allowed an argument.
6798           Remove the argument or check that you are using the right verb.
6799
6800       Version control conflict marker
6801           (F) The parser found a line starting with "<<<<<<<", ">>>>>>>", or
6802           "=======".  These may be left by a version control system to mark
6803           conflicts after a failed merge operation.
6804
6805       Version number must be a constant number
6806           (P) The attempt to translate a "use Module n.n LIST" statement into
6807           its equivalent "BEGIN" block found an internal inconsistency with
6808           the version number.
6809
6810       Version string '%s' contains invalid data; ignoring: '%s'
6811           (W misc) The version string contains invalid characters at the end,
6812           which are being ignored.
6813
6814       Warning: something's wrong
6815           (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of "warn """)
6816           or you called it with no args and $@ was empty.
6817
6818       Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
6819           (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication
6820           on the close().  This usually indicates your file system ran out of
6821           disk space.
6822
6823       Warning: unable to close filehandle properly: %s
6824       Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly: %s
6825           (S io) There were errors during the implicit close() done on a
6826           filehandle when its reference count reached zero while it was still
6827           open, e.g.:
6828
6829               {
6830                   open my $fh, '>', $file  or die "open: '$file': $!\n";
6831                   print $fh $data or die "print: $!";
6832               } # implicit close here
6833
6834           Because various errors may only be detected by close() (e.g.
6835           buffering could allow the "print" in this example to return true
6836           even when the disk is full), it is dangerous to ignore its result.
6837           So when it happens implicitly, perl will signal errors by warning.
6838
6839           Prior to version 5.22.0, perl ignored such errors, so the common
6840           idiom shown above was liable to cause silent data loss.
6841
6842       Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
6843           (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that
6844           looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted
6845           as a term or unary operator.  For instance, if you know that the
6846           rand function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
6847
6848               rand + 5;
6849
6850           you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
6851
6852               rand() + 5;
6853
6854           but in actual fact, you got
6855
6856               rand(+5);
6857
6858           So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
6859
6860       when is experimental
6861           (S experimental::smartmatch) "when" depends on smartmatch, which is
6862           experimental.  Additionally, it has several special cases that may
6863           not be immediately obvious, and their behavior may change or even
6864           be removed in any future release of perl.  See the explanation
6865           under "Experimental Details on given and when" in perlsyn.
6866
6867       Wide character in %s
6868           (S utf8) Perl met a wide character (ordinal >255) when it wasn't
6869           expecting one.  This warning is by default on for I/O (like print).
6870
6871           If this warning does come from I/O, the easiest way to quiet it is
6872           simply to add the ":utf8" layer, e.g., "binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'".
6873           Another way to turn off the warning is to add "no warnings 'utf8';"
6874           but that is often closer to cheating.  In general, you are supposed
6875           to explicitly mark the filehandle with an encoding, see open and
6876           "binmode" in perlfunc.
6877
6878           If the warning comes from other than I/O, this diagnostic probably
6879           indicates that incorrect results are being obtained.  You should
6880           examine your code to determine how a wide character is getting to
6881           an operation that doesn't handle them.
6882
6883       Wide character (U+%X) in %s
6884           (W locale) While in a single-byte locale (i.e., a non-UTF-8 one), a
6885           multi-byte character was encountered.   Perl considers this
6886           character to be the specified Unicode code point.  Combining
6887           non-UTF-8 locales and Unicode is dangerous.  Almost certainly some
6888           characters will have two different representations.  For example,
6889           in the ISO 8859-7 (Greek) locale, the code point 0xC3 represents a
6890           Capital Gamma.  But so also does 0x393.  This will make string
6891           comparisons unreliable.
6892
6893           You likely need to figure out how this multi-byte character got
6894           mixed up with your single-byte locale (or perhaps you thought you
6895           had a UTF-8 locale, but Perl disagrees).
6896
6897       Within []-length '%c' not allowed
6898           (F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by
6899           "[TEMPLATE]" only if "TEMPLATE" always matches the same amount of
6900           packed bytes that can be determined from the template alone.  This
6901           is not possible if it contains any of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a
6902           *-length.  Redesign the template.
6903
6904       %s() with negative argument
6905           (S misc) Certain operations make no sense with negative arguments.
6906           Warning is given and the operation is not done.
6907
6908       write() on closed filehandle %s
6909           (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
6910           sometime before now.  Check your control flow.
6911
6912       %s "\x%X" does not map to Unicode
6913           (S utf8) When reading in different encodings, Perl tries to map
6914           everything into Unicode characters.  The bytes you read in are not
6915           legal in this encoding.  For example
6916
6917               utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode
6918
6919           if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8.
6920
6921       'X' outside of string
6922           (F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position
6923           before the beginning of the string being (un)packed.  See "pack" in
6924           perlfunc.
6925
6926       'x' outside of string in unpack
6927           (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position
6928           after the end of the string being unpacked.  See "pack" in
6929           perlfunc.
6930
6931       YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
6932           (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have
6933           the sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a
6934           rip about what you want.  There is a vulnerability anywhere that
6935           you have a set-id script, and to close it you need to remove the
6936           set-id bit from the script that you're attempting to run.  To
6937           actually run the script set-id, your best bet is to put a set-id C
6938           wrapper around your script.
6939
6940       You need to quote "%s"
6941           (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
6942           Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared,
6943           which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the
6944           assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want.  (If
6945           it IS what you want, put an & in front.)
6946
6947       Your random numbers are not that random
6948           (F) When trying to initialize the random seed for hashes, Perl
6949           could not get any randomness out of your system.  This usually
6950           indicates Something Very Wrong.
6951
6952       Zero length \N{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6953           (F) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a zero-
6954           length sequence.  Such an escape was used in an extended character
6955           class, i.e.  "(?[...])", or under "use re 'strict'", which is not
6956           permitted.  Check that the correct escape has been used, and the
6957           correct charnames handler is in scope.  The <-- HERE shows
6958           whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
6959

SEE ALSO

6961       warnings, diagnostics.
6962
6963
6964
6965perl v5.30.1                      2019-11-29                       PERLDIAG(1)
Impressum