1RPM(8) System Manager's Manual RPM(8)
2
6 rpm - RPM Package Manager
7
9 QUERYING AND VERIFYING PACKAGES:
10 rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]
11 rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options]
15 INSTALLING, UPGRADING, AND REMOVING PACKAGES:
20 rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
21 rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
25 rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
29 rpm {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--justdb] [--nodeps] [--noscripts]
33 [--notriggers] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME ...
34 MISCELLANEOUS:
37 rpm {--querytags|--showrc}
38 rpm {--setperms|--setugids} PACKAGE_NAME ...
42 select-options
45 [PACKAGE_NAME] [-a,--all] [-f,--file FILE]
46 [-g,--group GROUP] {-p,--package PACKAGE_FILE]
47 [--hdrid SHA1] [--pkgid MD5] [--tid TID]
48 [--querybynumber HDRNUM] [--triggeredby PACKAGE_NAME]
49 [--whatprovides CAPABILITY] [--whatrequires CAPABILITY]
50 query-options
53 [--changelog] [-c,--configfiles] [--conflicts]
54 [-d,--docfiles] [--dump] [--filesbypkg] [-i,--info]
55 [--last] [-l,--list] [--obsoletes] [--provides]
56 [--qf,--queryformat QUERYFMT] [-R,--requires]
57 [--scripts] [-s,--state] [--triggers,--triggerscripts]
58 verify-options
61 [--nodeps] [--nofiles] [--noscripts]
62 [--nodigest] [--nosignature]
63 [--nolinkto] [--nofiledigest] [--nosize] [--nouser]
64 [--nogroup] [--nomtime] [--nomode] [--nordev]
65 [--nocaps] [--noconfig] [--noghost]
66 install-options
69 [--allfiles] [--badreloc] [--excludepath OLDPATH]
70 [--excludedocs] [--force] [-h,--hash]
71 [--ignoresize] [--ignorearch] [--ignoreos]
72 [--includedocs] [--justdb] [--nocollections]
73 [--nodeps] [--nodigest] [--nosignature] [--noplugins]
74 [--noorder] [--noscripts] [--notriggers]
75 [--oldpackage] [--percent] [--prefix NEWPATH]
76 [--relocate OLDPATH=NEWPATH]
77 [--replacefiles] [--replacepkgs]
78 [--test]
79
82 rpm is a powerful Package Manager, which can be used to build, install,
83 query, verify, update, and erase individual software packages. A pack‐
84 age consists of an archive of files and meta-data used to install and
85 erase the archive files. The meta-data includes helper scripts, file
86 attributes, and descriptive information about the package. Packages
87 come in two varieties: binary packages, used to encapsulate software to
88 be installed, and source packages, containing the source code and
89 recipe necessary to produce binary packages.
90 One of the following basic modes must be selected: Query, Verify,
92 Install/Upgrade/Freshen/Reinstall, Uninstall, Set Owners/Groups, Show
93 Querytags, and Show Configuration.
94 GENERAL OPTIONS
96 These options can be used in all the different modes.
97 -?, --help
99 Print a longer usage message then normal.
100 --version
102 Print a single line containing the version number of rpm being
103 used.
104 --quiet
106 Print as little as possible - normally only error messages will
107 be displayed.
108 -v Print verbose information - normally routine progress messages
110 will be displayed.
111 -vv Print lots of ugly debugging information.
113 --rcfile FILELIST
115 Each of the files in the colon separated FILELIST is read
116 sequentially by rpm for configuration information. Only the
117 first file in the list must exist, and tildes will be expanded
118 to the value of $HOME. The default FILELIST is
119 /usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc:/usr/lib/rpm/red‐
120 hat/rpmrc:/etc/rpmrc:~/.rpmrc.
121 --pipe CMD
123 Pipes the output of rpm to the command CMD.
124 --dbpath DIRECTORY
126 Use the database in DIRECTORY rather than the default path
127 /var/lib/rpm
128 --root DIRECTORY
130 Use the file system tree rooted at DIRECTORY for all operations.
131 Note that this means the database within DIRECTORY will be used
132 for dependency checks and any scriptlet(s) (e.g. %post if
133 installing, or %prep if building, a package) will be run after a
134 chroot(2) to DIRECTORY.
135 -D, --define='MACRO EXPR'
137 Defines MACRO with value EXPR.
138 --undefine='MACRO'
140 Undefines MACRO.
141 -E, --eval='EXPR'
143 Prints macro expansion of EXPR.
144 INSTALL AND UPGRADE OPTIONS
146 In these options, PACKAGE_FILE can be either rpm binary file or ASCII
147 package manifest (see PACKAGE SELECTION OPTIONS), and may be specified
148 as an ftp or http URL, in which case the package will be downloaded
149 before being installed. See FTP/HTTP OPTIONS for information on rpm's
150 internal ftp and http client support.
151 The general form of an rpm install command is
153 rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
155 This installs a new package.
157 The general form of an rpm upgrade command is
159 rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
161 This upgrades or installs the package currently installed to a newer
163 version. This is the same as install, except all other version(s) of
164 the package are removed after the new package is installed.
165 rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
167 This will upgrade packages, but only ones for which an earlier version
169 is installed.
170 The general form of an rpm reinstall command is
172 rpm {--reinstall} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
174 This reinstalls a previously installed package.
176 --allfiles
178 Installs or upgrades all the missingok files in the package,
179 regardless if they exist.
180 --badreloc
182 Used with --relocate, permit relocations on all file paths, not
183 just those OLDPATH's included in the binary package relocation
184 hint(s).
185 --excludepath OLDPATH
187 Don't install files whose name begins with OLDPATH.
188 --excludedocs
190 Don't install any files which are marked as documentation (which
191 includes man pages and texinfo documents).
192 --force
194 Same as using --replacepkgs, --replacefiles, and --oldpackage.
195 -h, --hash
197 Print 50 hash marks as the package archive is unpacked. Use
198 with -v|--verbose for a nicer display.
199 --ignoresize
201 Don't check mount file systems for sufficient disk space before
202 installing this package.
203 --ignorearch
205 Allow installation or upgrading even if the architectures of the
206 binary package and host don't match.
207 --ignoreos
209 Allow installation or upgrading even if the operating systems of
210 the binary package and host don't match.
211 --includedocs
213 Install documentation files. This is the default behavior.
214 --justdb
216 Update only the database, not the filesystem.
217 --nodigest
219 Don't verify package or header digests when reading.
220 --nomanifest
222 Don't process non-package files as manifests.
223 --nosignature
225 Don't verify package or header signatures when reading.
226 --nodeps
228 Don't do a dependency check before installing or upgrading a
229 package.
230 --noorder
232 Don't reorder the packages for an install. The list of packages
233 would normally be reordered to satisfy dependencies.
234 --noplugins
236 Do not load and execute plugins.
237 --noscripts
239 --nopre
241 --nopost
243 --nopreun
245 --nopostun
247 Don't execute the scriptlet of the same name. The --noscripts
248 option is equivalent to
249 --nopre --nopost --nopreun --nopostun
251 and turns off the execution of the corresponding %pre, %post,
253 %preun, and %postun scriptlet(s).
254 --notriggers
256 --notriggerin
258 --notriggerun
260 --notriggerprein
262 --notriggerpostun
264 Don't execute any trigger scriptlet of the named type. The
265 --notriggers option is equivalent to
266 --notriggerprein --notriggerin --notriggerun --notriggerpostun
268 and turns off execution of the corresponding %triggerprein,
270 %triggerin, %triggerun, and %triggerpostun scriptlet(s).
271 --oldpackage
273 Allow an upgrade to replace a newer package with an older one.
274 --percent
276 Print percentages as files are unpacked from the package ar‐
277 chive. This is intended to make rpm easy to run from other
278 tools.
279 --prefix NEWPATH
281 For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths that
282 start with the installation prefix in the package relocation
283 hint(s) to NEWPATH.
284 --relocate OLDPATH=NEWPATH
286 For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths that
287 start with OLDPATH in the package relocation hint(s) to NEWPATH.
288 This option can be used repeatedly if several OLDPATH's in the
289 package are to be relocated.
290 --replacefiles
292 Install the packages even if they replace files from other,
293 already installed, packages.
294 --replacepkgs
296 Install the packages even if some of them are already installed
297 on this system.
298 --test Do not install the package, simply check for and report poten‐
300 tial conflicts.
301 ERASE OPTIONS
303 The general form of an rpm erase command is
304 rpm {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--justdb] [--nodeps] [--noscripts]
306 [--notriggers] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME ...
307 The following options may also be used:
310 --allmatches
312 Remove all versions of the package which match PACKAGE_NAME.
313 Normally an error is issued if PACKAGE_NAME matches multiple
314 packages.
315 --justdb
317 Update only the database, not the filesystem.
318 --nodeps
320 Don't check dependencies before uninstalling the packages.
321 --noscripts
323 --nopreun
325 --nopostun
327 Don't execute the scriptlet of the same name. The --noscripts
328 option during package erase is equivalent to
329 --nopreun --nopostun
331 and turns off the execution of the corresponding %preun, and
333 %postun scriptlet(s).
334 --notriggers
336 --notriggerun
338 --notriggerpostun
340 Don't execute any trigger scriptlet of the named type. The
341 --notriggers option is equivalent to
342 --notriggerun --notriggerpostun
344 and turns off execution of the corresponding %triggerun, and
346 %triggerpostun scriptlet(s).
347 --test Don't really uninstall anything, just go through the motions.
349 Useful in conjunction with the -vv option for debugging.
350 QUERY OPTIONS
352 The general form of an rpm query command is
353 rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]
355 You may specify the format that package information should be printed
358 in. To do this, you use the
359 --qf|--queryformat QUERYFMT
361 option, followed by the QUERYFMT format string. Query formats are mod‐
363 ified versions of the standard printf(3) formatting. The format is made
364 up of static strings (which may include standard C character escapes
365 for newlines, tabs, and other special characters) and printf(3) type
366 formatters. As rpm already knows the type to print, the type specifier
367 must be omitted however, and replaced by the name of the header tag to
368 be printed, enclosed by {} characters. Tag names are case insensitive,
369 and the leading RPMTAG_ portion of the tag name may be omitted as well.
370 Alternate output formats may be requested by following the tag with
372 :typetag. Currently, the following types are supported:
373 :armor Wrap a public key in ASCII armor.
375 :arraysize
377 Display number of elements in array tags.
378 :base64
380 Encode binary data using base64.
381 :date Use strftime(3) "%c" format.
383 :day Use strftime(3) "%a %b %d %Y" format.
385 :depflags
387 Format dependency comparison operator.
388 :deptype
390 Format dependency type.
391 :expand
393 Perform macro expansion.
394 :fflags
396 Format file flags.
397 :fstate
399 Format file state.
400 :fstatus
402 Format file verify status.
403 :hex Format in hexadecimal.
405 :octal Format in octal.
407 :perms Format file permissions.
409 :pgpsig
411 Display signature fingerprint and time.
412 :shescape
414 Escape single quotes for use in a script.
415 :triggertype
417 Display trigger suffix.
418 :vflags
420 File verification flags.
421 :xml Wrap data in simple xml markup.
423 For example, to print only the names of the packages queried, you could
425 use %{NAME} as the format string. To print the packages name and dis‐
426 tribution information in two columns, you could use %-30{NAME}%{DISTRI‐
427 BUTION}. rpm will print a list of all of the tags it knows about when
428 it is invoked with the --querytags argument.
429 There are two subsets of options for querying: package selection, and
431 information selection.
432 PACKAGE SELECTION OPTIONS:
434 PACKAGE_NAME
435 Query installed package named PACKAGE_NAME.
436 -a, --all
438 Query all installed packages.
439 -f, --file FILE
441 Query package owning FILE.
442 -g, --group GROUP
444 Query packages with the group of GROUP.
445 --hdrid SHA1
447 Query package that contains a given header identifier, i.e. the
448 SHA1 digest of the immutable header region.
449 -p, --package PACKAGE_FILE
451 Query an (uninstalled) package PACKAGE_FILE. The PACKAGE_FILE
452 may be specified as an ftp or http style URL, in which case the
453 package header will be downloaded and queried. See FTP/HTTP
454 OPTIONS for information on rpm's internal ftp and http client
455 support. The PACKAGE_FILE argument(s), if not a binary package,
456 will be interpreted as an ASCII package manifest unless --noman‐
457 ifest option is used. In manifests, comments are permitted,
458 starting with a '#', and each line of a package manifest file
459 may include white space separated glob expressions, including
460 URL's, that will be expanded to paths that are substituted in
461 place of the package manifest as additional PACKAGE_FILE argu‐
462 ments to the query.
463 --pkgid MD5
465 Query package that contains a given package identifier, i.e. the
466 MD5 digest of the combined header and payload contents.
467 --querybynumber HDRNUM
469 Query the HDRNUMth database entry directly; this is useful only
470 for debugging.
471 --specfile SPECFILE
473 Parse and query SPECFILE as if it were a package. Although not
474 all the information (e.g. file lists) is available, this type of
475 query permits rpm to be used to extract information from spec
476 files without having to write a specfile parser.
477 --tid TID
479 Query package(s) that have a given TID transaction identifier. A
480 unix time stamp is currently used as a transaction identifier.
481 All package(s) installed or erased within a single transaction
482 have a common identifier.
483 --triggeredby PACKAGE_NAME
485 Query packages that are triggered by package(s) PACKAGE_NAME.
486 --whatprovides CAPABILITY
488 Query all packages that provide the CAPABILITY capability.
489 --whatrequires CAPABILITY
491 Query all packages that require CAPABILITY for proper function‐
492 ing.
493 PACKAGE QUERY OPTIONS:
495 --changelog
496 Display change information for the package.
497 -c, --configfiles
499 List only configuration files (implies -l).
500 --conflicts
502 List capabilities this package conflicts with.
503 -d, --docfiles
505 List only documentation files (implies -l).
506 --dump Dump file information as follows (implies -l):
508 path size mtime digest mode owner group isconfig isdoc rdev symlink
511 --filesbypkg
514 List all the files in each selected package.
515 -i, --info
517 Display package information, including name, version, and
518 description. This uses the --queryformat if one was specified.
519 --last Orders the package listing by install time such that the latest
521 packages are at the top.
522 -L, --licensefiles
524 List only license files (implies -l).
525 -l, --list
527 List files in package.
528 --obsoletes
530 List packages this package obsoletes.
531 --provides
533 List capabilities this package provides.
534 -R, --requires
536 List capabilities on which this package depends.
537 --scripts
539 List the package specific scriptlet(s) that are used as part of
540 the installation and uninstallation processes.
541 -s, --state
543 Display the states of files in the package (implies -l). The
544 state of each file is one of normal, not installed, or replaced.
545 --triggers, --triggerscripts
547 Display the trigger scripts, if any, which are contained in the
548 package.
549 VERIFY OPTIONS
551 The general form of an rpm verify command is
552 rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options]
554 Verifying a package compares information about the installed files in
557 the package with information about the files taken from the package
558 metadata stored in the rpm database. Among other things, verifying
559 compares the size, digest, permissions, type, owner and group of each
560 file. Any discrepancies are displayed. Files that were not installed
561 from the package, for example, documentation files excluded on instal‐
562 lation using the "--excludedocs" option, will be silently ignored.
563 The package selection options are the same as for package querying
565 (including package manifest files as arguments). Other options unique
566 to verify mode are:
567 --nodeps
569 Don't verify dependencies of packages.
570 --nodigest
572 Don't verify package or header digests when reading.
573 --nofiles
575 Don't verify any attributes of package files.
576 --noconfig
578 Don't verify config files.
579 --noghost
581 Don't display ghost files.
582 --noscripts
584 Don't execute the %verifyscript scriptlet (if any).
585 --nosignature
587 Don't verify package or header signatures when reading.
588 --nolinkto
590 --nofiledigest (formerly --nomd5)
592 --nosize
594 --nouser
596 --nogroup
598 --nomtime
600 --nomode
602 --nordev
604 Don't verify the corresponding file attribute.
605 The format of the output is a string of 9 characters, a possible
607 attribute marker:
608 c %config configuration file.
610 d %doc documentation file.
611 g %ghost file (i.e. the file contents are not included in the package payload).
612 l %license license file.
613 r %readme readme file.
614 from the package header, followed by the file name. Each of the 9
616 characters denotes the result of a comparison of attribute(s) of the
617 file to the value of those attribute(s) recorded in the database. A
618 single "." (period) means the test passed, while a single "?" (question
619 mark) indicates the test could not be performed (e.g. file permissions
620 prevent reading). Otherwise, the (mnemonically emBoldened) character
621 denotes failure of the corresponding --verify test:
622 S file Size differs
624 M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type)
625 5 digest (formerly MD5 sum) differs
626 D Device major/minor number mismatch
627 L readL[22mink(2) path mismatch
628 U User ownership differs
629 G Group ownership differs
630 T mTime differs
631 P caPabilities differ
632 MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS
635 rpm --showrc
636 shows the values rpm will use for all of the options are cur‐
637 rently set in rpmrc and macros configuration file(s).
638 rpm --setperms PACKAGE_NAME
640 sets permissions of files in the given package.
641 rpm --setugids PACKAGE_NAME
643 sets user/group ownership of files in the given package.
644 Options --setperms and --setugids are mutually exclusive.
646 FTP/HTTP OPTIONS
649 rpm can act as an FTP and/or HTTP client so that packages can be
650 queried or installed from the internet. Package files for install,
651 upgrade, and query operations may be specified as an ftp or http style
652 URL:
653 ftp://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/path/to/package.rpm
655 If the :PASSWORD portion is omitted, the password will be prompted for
657 (once per user/hostname pair). If both the user and password are omit‐
658 ted, anonymous ftp is used. In all cases, passive (PASV) ftp transfers
659 are performed.
660 rpm allows the following options to be used with ftp URLs:
662 --ftpproxy HOST
664 The host HOST will be used as a proxy server for all ftp trans‐
665 fers, which allows users to ftp through firewall machines which
666 use proxy systems. This option may also be specified by config‐
667 uring the macro %_ftpproxy.
668 --ftpport PORT
670 The TCP PORT number to use for the ftp connection on the proxy
671 ftp server instead of the default port. This option may also be
672 specified by configuring the macro %_ftpport.
673 rpm allows the following options to be used with http URLs:
675 --httpproxy HOST
677 The host HOST will be used as a proxy server for all http trans‐
678 fers. This option may also be specified by configuring the macro
679 %_httpproxy.
680 --httpport PORT
682 The TCP PORT number to use for the http connection on the proxy
683 http server instead of the default port. This option may also be
684 specified by configuring the macro %_httpport.
685
687 Executing rpmbuild
688 The build modes of rpm are now resident in the /usr/bin/rpmbuild exe‐
689 cutable. Install the package containing rpmbuild (usually rpm-build)
690 and see rpmbuild(8) for documentation of all the rpm build modes.
691
693 rpmrc Configuration
694 /usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc
695 /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/rpmrc
696 /etc/rpmrc
697 ~/.rpmrc
698 Macro Configuration
700 /usr/lib/rpm/macros
701 /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/macros
702 /etc/rpm/macros
703 ~/.rpmmacros
704 Database
706 /var/lib/rpm/Basenames
707 /var/lib/rpm/Conflictname
708 /var/lib/rpm/Dirnames
709 /var/lib/rpm/Group
710 /var/lib/rpm/Installtid
711 /var/lib/rpm/Name
712 /var/lib/rpm/Obsoletename
713 /var/lib/rpm/Packages
714 /var/lib/rpm/Providename
715 /var/lib/rpm/Requirename
716 /var/lib/rpm/Sha1header
717 /var/lib/rpm/Sigmd5
718 /var/lib/rpm/Triggername
719 Temporary
721 /var/tmp/rpm*
722
724 popt(3),
725 rpm2cpio(8),
726 rpmbuild(8),
727 rpmdb(8),
728 rpmkeys(8),
729 rpmsign(8),
730 rpmspec(8),
731 rpm --help - as rpm supports customizing the options via popt aliases
733 it's impossible to guarantee that what's described in the manual
734 matches what's available.
735 http://www.rpm.org/ <URL:http://www.rpm.org/>
738
740 Marc Ewing <marc@redhat.com>
741 Jeff Johnson <jbj@redhat.com>
742 Erik Troan <ewt@redhat.com>
743Red Hat, Inc. 09 June 2002 RPM(8)