1POSIX(3pm) Perl Programmers Reference Guide POSIX(3pm)
2
6 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
7
9 use POSIX ();
10 use POSIX qw(setsid);
11 use POSIX qw(:errno_h :fcntl_h);
12 printf "EINTR is %d\n", EINTR;
14 $sess_id = POSIX::setsid();
16 $fd = POSIX::open($path, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, 0644);
18 # note: that's a filedescriptor, *NOT* a filehandle
19
21 The POSIX module permits you to access all (or nearly all) the standard
22 POSIX 1003.1 identifiers. Many of these identifiers have been given
23 Perl-ish interfaces.
24 This document gives a condensed list of the features available in the
26 POSIX module. Consult your operating system's manpages for general
27 information on most features. Consult perlfunc for functions which are
28 noted as being identical to Perl's builtin functions.
29 The first section describes POSIX functions from the 1003.1
31 specification. The second section describes some classes for signal
32 objects, TTY objects, and other miscellaneous objects. The remaining
33 sections list various constants and macros in an organization which
34 roughly follows IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993.
35
37 Everything is exported by default (with a handful of exceptions). This
38 is an unfortunate backwards compatibility feature and its use is
39 strongly discouraged. You should either prevent the exporting (by
40 saying "use POSIX ();", as usual) and then use fully qualified names
41 (e.g. "POSIX::SEEK_END"), or give an explicit import list. If you do
42 neither and opt for the default (as in "use POSIX;"), you will import
43 hundreds and hundreds of symbols into your namespace.
44 A few functions are not implemented because they are C specific. If
46 you attempt to call these, they will print a message telling you that
47 they aren't implemented, and suggest using the Perl equivalent, should
48 one exist. For example, trying to access the "setjmp()" call will
49 elicit the message ""setjmp() is C-specific: use eval {} instead"".
50 Furthermore, some evil vendors will claim 1003.1 compliance, but in
52 fact are not so: they will not pass the PCTS (POSIX Compliance Test
53 Suites). For example, one vendor may not define "EDEADLK", or the
54 semantics of the errno values set by open(2) might not be quite right.
55 Perl does not attempt to verify POSIX compliance. That means you can
56 currently successfully say "use POSIX", and then later in your program
57 you find that your vendor has been lax and there's no usable "ICANON"
58 macro after all. This could be construed to be a bug.
59
61 "_exit" This is identical to the C function "_exit()". It exits the
62 program immediately which means among other things buffered I/O
63 is not flushed.
64 Note that when using threads and in Linux this is not a good
66 way to exit a thread because in Linux processes and threads are
67 kind of the same thing (Note: while this is the situation in
68 early 2003 there are projects under way to have threads with
69 more POSIXly semantics in Linux). If you want not to return
70 from a thread, detach the thread.
71 "abort" This is identical to the C function "abort()". It terminates
73 the process with a "SIGABRT" signal unless caught by a signal
74 handler or if the handler does not return normally (it e.g.
75 does a "longjmp").
76 "abs" This is identical to Perl's builtin "abs()" function, returning
78 the absolute value of its numerical argument.
79 "access"
81 Determines the accessibility of a file.
82 if( POSIX::access( "/", &POSIX::R_OK ) ){
84 print "have read permission\n";
85 }
86 Returns "undef" on failure. Note: do not use "access()" for
88 security purposes. Between the "access()" call and the
89 operation you are preparing for the permissions might change: a
90 classic race condition.
91 "acos" This is identical to the C function "acos()", returning the
93 arcus cosine of its numerical argument. See also Math::Trig.
94 "acosh" This is identical to the C function "acosh()", returning the
96 hyperbolic arcus cosine of its numerical argument [C99]. See
97 also Math::Trig.
98 "alarm" This is identical to Perl's builtin "alarm()" function, either
100 for arming or disarming the "SIGARLM" timer.
101 "asctime"
103 This is identical to the C function "asctime()". It returns a
104 string of the form
105 "Fri Jun 2 18:22:13 2000\n\0"
107 and it is called thusly
109 $asctime = asctime($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon,
111 $year, $wday, $yday, $isdst);
112 The $mon is zero-based: January equals 0. The $year is
114 1900-based: 2001 equals 101. $wday and $yday default to zero
115 (and are usually ignored anyway), and $isdst defaults to -1.
116 "asin" This is identical to the C function "asin()", returning the
118 arcus sine of its numerical argument. See also Math::Trig.
119 "asinh" This is identical to the C function "asinh()", returning the
121 hyperbolic arcus sine of its numerical argument [C99]. See
122 also Math::Trig.
123 "assert"
125 Unimplemented, but you can use "die" in perlfunc and the Carp
126 module to achieve similar things.
127 "atan" This is identical to the C function "atan()", returning the
129 arcus tangent of its numerical argument. See also Math::Trig.
130 "atanh" This is identical to the C function "atanh()", returning the
132 hyperbolic arcus tangent of its numerical argument [C99]. See
133 also Math::Trig.
134 "atan2" This is identical to Perl's builtin "atan2()" function,
136 returning the arcus tangent defined by its two numerical
137 arguments, the y coordinate and the x coordinate. See also
138 Math::Trig.
139 "atexit"
141 Not implemented. "atexit()" is C-specific: use "END {}"
142 instead, see perlmod.
143 "atof" Not implemented. "atof()" is C-specific. Perl converts
145 strings to numbers transparently. If you need to force a
146 scalar to a number, add a zero to it.
147 "atoi" Not implemented. "atoi()" is C-specific. Perl converts
149 strings to numbers transparently. If you need to force a
150 scalar to a number, add a zero to it. If you need to have just
151 the integer part, see "int" in perlfunc.
152 "atol" Not implemented. "atol()" is C-specific. Perl converts
154 strings to numbers transparently. If you need to force a
155 scalar to a number, add a zero to it. If you need to have just
156 the integer part, see "int" in perlfunc.
157 "bsearch"
159 "bsearch()" not supplied. For doing binary search on
160 wordlists, see Search::Dict.
161 "calloc"
163 Not implemented. "calloc()" is C-specific. Perl does memory
164 management transparently.
165 "cbrt" The cube root [C99].
167 "ceil" This is identical to the C function "ceil()", returning the
169 smallest integer value greater than or equal to the given
170 numerical argument.
171 "chdir" This is identical to Perl's builtin "chdir()" function,
173 allowing one to change the working (default) directory, see
174 "chdir" in perlfunc.
175 "chmod" This is identical to Perl's builtin "chmod()" function,
177 allowing one to change file and directory permissions, see
178 "chmod" in perlfunc.
179 "chown" This is identical to Perl's builtin "chown()" function,
181 allowing one to change file and directory owners and groups,
182 see "chown" in perlfunc.
183 "clearerr"
185 Not implemented. Use the method "IO::Handle::clearerr()"
186 instead, to reset the error state (if any) and EOF state (if
187 any) of the given stream.
188 "clock" This is identical to the C function "clock()", returning the
190 amount of spent processor time in microseconds.
191 "close" Close the file. This uses file descriptors such as those
193 obtained by calling "POSIX::open".
194 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
196 POSIX::close( $fd );
197 Returns "undef" on failure.
199 See also "close" in perlfunc.
201 "closedir"
203 This is identical to Perl's builtin "closedir()" function for
204 closing a directory handle, see "closedir" in perlfunc.
205 "cos" This is identical to Perl's builtin "cos()" function, for
207 returning the cosine of its numerical argument, see "cos" in
208 perlfunc. See also Math::Trig.
209 "cosh" This is identical to the C function "cosh()", for returning the
211 hyperbolic cosine of its numeric argument. See also
212 Math::Trig.
213 "copysign"
215 Returns "x" but with the sign of "y" [C99].
216 $x_with_sign_of_y = POSIX::copysign($x, $y);
218 See also "signbit".
220 "creat" Create a new file. This returns a file descriptor like the
222 ones returned by "POSIX::open". Use "POSIX::close" to close
223 the file.
224 $fd = POSIX::creat( "foo", 0611 );
226 POSIX::close( $fd );
227 See also "sysopen" in perlfunc and its "O_CREAT" flag.
229 "ctermid"
231 Generates the path name for the controlling terminal.
232 $path = POSIX::ctermid();
234 "ctime" This is identical to the C function "ctime()" and equivalent to
236 "asctime(localtime(...))", see "asctime" and "localtime".
237 "cuserid"
239 Get the login name of the owner of the current process.
240 $name = POSIX::cuserid();
242 "difftime"
244 This is identical to the C function "difftime()", for returning
245 the time difference (in seconds) between two times (as returned
246 by "time()"), see "time".
247 "div" Not implemented. "div()" is C-specific, use "int" in perlfunc
249 on the usual "/" division and the modulus "%".
250 "dup" This is similar to the C function "dup()", for duplicating a
252 file descriptor.
253 This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
255 "POSIX::open".
256 Returns "undef" on failure.
258 "dup2" This is similar to the C function "dup2()", for duplicating a
260 file descriptor to an another known file descriptor.
261 This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
263 "POSIX::open".
264 Returns "undef" on failure.
266 "erf" The error function [C99].
268 "erfc" The complementary error function [C99].
270 "errno" Returns the value of errno.
272 $errno = POSIX::errno();
274 This identical to the numerical values of the $!, see "$ERRNO"
276 in perlvar.
277 "execl" Not implemented. "execl()" is C-specific, see "exec" in
279 perlfunc.
280 "execle"
282 Not implemented. "execle()" is C-specific, see "exec" in
283 perlfunc.
284 "execlp"
286 Not implemented. "execlp()" is C-specific, see "exec" in
287 perlfunc.
288 "execv" Not implemented. "execv()" is C-specific, see "exec" in
290 perlfunc.
291 "execve"
293 Not implemented. "execve()" is C-specific, see "exec" in
294 perlfunc.
295 "execvp"
297 Not implemented. "execvp()" is C-specific, see "exec" in
298 perlfunc.
299 "exit" This is identical to Perl's builtin "exit()" function for
301 exiting the program, see "exit" in perlfunc.
302 "exp" This is identical to Perl's builtin "exp()" function for
304 returning the exponent (e-based) of the numerical argument, see
305 "exp" in perlfunc.
306 "expm1" Equivalent to "exp(x) - 1", but more precise for small argument
308 values [C99].
309 See also "log1p".
311 "fabs" This is identical to Perl's builtin "abs()" function for
313 returning the absolute value of the numerical argument, see
314 "abs" in perlfunc.
315 "fclose"
317 Not implemented. Use method "IO::Handle::close()" instead, or
318 see "close" in perlfunc.
319 "fcntl" This is identical to Perl's builtin "fcntl()" function, see
321 "fcntl" in perlfunc.
322 "fdopen"
324 Not implemented. Use method "IO::Handle::new_from_fd()"
325 instead, or see "open" in perlfunc.
326 "feof" Not implemented. Use method "IO::Handle::eof()" instead, or
328 see "eof" in perlfunc.
329 "ferror"
331 Not implemented. Use method "IO::Handle::error()" instead.
332 "fflush"
334 Not implemented. Use method "IO::Handle::flush()" instead.
335 See also ""$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH" in perlvar".
336 "fgetc" Not implemented. Use method "IO::Handle::getc()" instead, or
338 see "read" in perlfunc.
339 "fgetpos"
341 Not implemented. Use method "IO::Seekable::getpos()" instead,
342 or see "seek" in perlfunc.
343 "fgets" Not implemented. Use method "IO::Handle::gets()" instead.
345 Similar to <>, also known as "readline" in perlfunc.
346 "fileno"
348 Not implemented. Use method "IO::Handle::fileno()" instead, or
349 see "fileno" in perlfunc.
350 "floor" This is identical to the C function "floor()", returning the
352 largest integer value less than or equal to the numerical
353 argument.
354 "fdim" "Positive difference", "x - y" if "x > y", zero otherwise
356 [C99].
357 "fegetround"
359 Returns the current floating point rounding mode, one of
360 FE_TONEAREST FE_TOWARDZERO FE_UPWARD FE_UPWARD
362 "FE_TONEAREST" is like "round", "FE_TOWARDZERO" is like "trunc"
364 [C99].
365 "fesetround"
367 Sets the floating point rounding mode, see "fegetround" [C99].
368 "fma" "Fused multiply-add", "x * y + z", possibly faster (and less
370 lossy) than the explicit two operations [C99].
371 my $fused = POSIX::fma($x, $y, $z);
373 "fmax" Maximum of "x" and "y", except when either is "NaN", returns
375 the other [C99].
376 my $min = POSIX::fmax($x, $y);
378 "fmin" Minimum of "x" and "y", except when either is "NaN", returns
380 the other [C99].
381 my $min = POSIX::fmin($x, $y);
383 "fmod" This is identical to the C function "fmod()".
385 $r = fmod($x, $y);
387 It returns the remainder "$r = $x - $n*$y", where
389 "$n = trunc($x/$y)". The $r has the same sign as $x and
390 magnitude (absolute value) less than the magnitude of $y.
391 "fopen" Not implemented. Use method "IO::File::open()" instead, or see
393 "open" in perlfunc.
394 "fork" This is identical to Perl's builtin "fork()" function for
396 duplicating the current process, see "fork" in perlfunc and
397 perlfork if you are in Windows.
398 "fpathconf"
400 Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or
401 directory. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained
402 by calling "POSIX::open".
403 The following will determine the maximum length of the longest
405 allowable pathname on the filesystem which holds /var/foo.
406 $fd = POSIX::open( "/var/foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
408 $path_max = POSIX::fpathconf($fd, &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX);
409 Returns "undef" on failure.
411 "fpclassify"
413 Returns one of
414 FP_NORMAL FP_ZERO FP_SUBNORMAL FP_INFINITE FP_NAN
416 telling the class of the argument [C99]. "FP_INFINITE" is
418 positive or negative infinity, "FP_NAN" is not-a-number.
419 "FP_SUBNORMAL" means subnormal numbers (also known as
420 denormals), very small numbers with low precision. "FP_ZERO" is
421 zero. "FP_NORMAL" is all the rest.
422 "fprintf"
424 Not implemented. "fprintf()" is C-specific, see "printf" in
425 perlfunc instead.
426 "fputc" Not implemented. "fputc()" is C-specific, see "print" in
428 perlfunc instead.
429 "fputs" Not implemented. "fputs()" is C-specific, see "print" in
431 perlfunc instead.
432 "fread" Not implemented. "fread()" is C-specific, see "read" in
434 perlfunc instead.
435 "free" Not implemented. "free()" is C-specific. Perl does memory
437 management transparently.
438 "freopen"
440 Not implemented. "freopen()" is C-specific, see "open" in
441 perlfunc instead.
442 "frexp" Return the mantissa and exponent of a floating-point number.
444 ($mantissa, $exponent) = POSIX::frexp( 1.234e56 );
446 "fscanf"
448 Not implemented. "fscanf()" is C-specific, use <> and regular
449 expressions instead.
450 "fseek" Not implemented. Use method "IO::Seekable::seek()" instead, or
452 see "seek" in perlfunc.
453 "fsetpos"
455 Not implemented. Use method "IO::Seekable::setpos()" instead,
456 or seek "seek" in perlfunc.
457 "fstat" Get file status. This uses file descriptors such as those
459 obtained by calling "POSIX::open". The data returned is
460 identical to the data from Perl's builtin "stat" function.
461 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
463 @stats = POSIX::fstat( $fd );
464 "fsync" Not implemented. Use method "IO::Handle::sync()" instead.
466 "ftell" Not implemented. Use method "IO::Seekable::tell()" instead, or
468 see "tell" in perlfunc.
469 "fwrite"
471 Not implemented. "fwrite()" is C-specific, see "print" in
472 perlfunc instead.
473 "getc" This is identical to Perl's builtin "getc()" function, see
475 "getc" in perlfunc.
476 "getchar"
478 Returns one character from STDIN. Identical to Perl's
479 "getc()", see "getc" in perlfunc.
480 "getcwd"
482 Returns the name of the current working directory. See also
483 Cwd.
484 "getegid"
486 Returns the effective group identifier. Similar to Perl' s
487 builtin variable $(, see "$EGID" in perlvar.
488 "getenv"
490 Returns the value of the specified environment variable. The
491 same information is available through the %ENV array.
492 "geteuid"
494 Returns the effective user identifier. Identical to Perl's
495 builtin $> variable, see "$EUID" in perlvar.
496 "getgid"
498 Returns the user's real group identifier. Similar to Perl's
499 builtin variable $), see "$GID" in perlvar.
500 "getgrgid"
502 This is identical to Perl's builtin "getgrgid()" function for
503 returning group entries by group identifiers, see "getgrgid" in
504 perlfunc.
505 "getgrnam"
507 This is identical to Perl's builtin "getgrnam()" function for
508 returning group entries by group names, see "getgrnam" in
509 perlfunc.
510 "getgroups"
512 Returns the ids of the user's supplementary groups. Similar to
513 Perl's builtin variable $), see "$GID" in perlvar.
514 "getlogin"
516 This is identical to Perl's builtin "getlogin()" function for
517 returning the user name associated with the current session,
518 see "getlogin" in perlfunc.
519 "getpayload"
521 use POSIX ':nan_payload';
522 getpayload($var)
523 Returns the "NaN" payload.
525 Note the API instability warning in "setpayload".
527 See "nan" for more discussion about "NaN".
529 "getpgrp"
531 This is identical to Perl's builtin "getpgrp()" function for
532 returning the process group identifier of the current process,
533 see "getpgrp" in perlfunc.
534 "getpid"
536 Returns the process identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin
537 variable $$, see "$PID" in perlvar.
538 "getppid"
540 This is identical to Perl's builtin "getppid()" function for
541 returning the process identifier of the parent process of the
542 current process , see "getppid" in perlfunc.
543 "getpwnam"
545 This is identical to Perl's builtin "getpwnam()" function for
546 returning user entries by user names, see "getpwnam" in
547 perlfunc.
548 "getpwuid"
550 This is identical to Perl's builtin "getpwuid()" function for
551 returning user entries by user identifiers, see "getpwuid" in
552 perlfunc.
553 "gets" Returns one line from "STDIN", similar to <>, also known as the
555 "readline()" function, see "readline" in perlfunc.
556 NOTE: if you have C programs that still use "gets()", be very
558 afraid. The "gets()" function is a source of endless grief
559 because it has no buffer overrun checks. It should never be
560 used. The "fgets()" function should be preferred instead.
561 "getuid"
563 Returns the user's identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin $<
564 variable, see "$UID" in perlvar.
565 "gmtime"
567 This is identical to Perl's builtin "gmtime()" function for
568 converting seconds since the epoch to a date in Greenwich Mean
569 Time, see "gmtime" in perlfunc.
570 "hypot" Equivalent to "sqrt(x * x + y * y)" except more stable on very
572 large or very small arguments [C99].
573 "ilogb" Integer binary logarithm [C99]
575 For example "ilogb(20)" is 4, as an integer.
577 See also "logb".
579 "Inf" The infinity as a constant:
581 use POSIX qw(Inf);
583 my $pos_inf = +Inf; # Or just Inf.
584 my $neg_inf = -Inf;
585 See also "isinf", and "fpclassify".
587 "isalnum"
589 This function has been removed as of v5.24. It was very
590 similar to matching against "qr/ ^ [[:alnum:]]+ $ /x", which
591 you should convert to use instead. See "POSIX Character
592 Classes" in perlrecharclass.
593 "isalpha"
595 This function has been removed as of v5.24. It was very
596 similar to matching against "qr/ ^ [[:alpha:]]+ $ /x", which
597 you should convert to use instead. See "POSIX Character
598 Classes" in perlrecharclass.
599 "isatty"
601 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified filehandle
602 is connected to a tty. Similar to the "-t" operator, see "-X"
603 in perlfunc.
604 "iscntrl"
606 This function has been removed as of v5.24. It was very
607 similar to matching against "qr/ ^ [[:cntrl:]]+ $ /x", which
608 you should convert to use instead. See "POSIX Character
609 Classes" in perlrecharclass.
610 "isdigit"
612 This function has been removed as of v5.24. It was very
613 similar to matching against "qr/ ^ [[:digit:]]+ $ /x", which
614 you should convert to use instead. See "POSIX Character
615 Classes" in perlrecharclass.
616 "isfinite"
618 Returns true if the argument is a finite number (that is, not
619 an infinity, or the not-a-number) [C99].
620 See also "isinf", "isnan", and "fpclassify".
622 "isgraph"
624 This function has been removed as of v5.24. It was very
625 similar to matching against "qr/ ^ [[:graph:]]+ $ /x", which
626 you should convert to use instead. See "POSIX Character
627 Classes" in perlrecharclass.
628 "isgreater"
630 (Also "isgreaterequal", "isless", "islessequal",
631 "islessgreater", "isunordered")
632 Floating point comparisons which handle the "NaN" [C99].
634 "isinf" Returns true if the argument is an infinity (positive or
636 negative) [C99].
637 See also "Inf", "isnan", "isfinite", and "fpclassify".
639 "islower"
641 This function has been removed as of v5.24. It was very
642 similar to matching against "qr/ ^ [[:lower:]]+ $ /x", which
643 you should convert to use instead. See "POSIX Character
644 Classes" in perlrecharclass.
645 "isnan" Returns true if the argument is "NaN" (not-a-number) [C99].
647 Note that you cannot test for ""NaN"-ness" with
649 $x == $x
651 since the "NaN" is not equivalent to anything, including
653 itself.
654 See also "nan", "NaN", "isinf", and "fpclassify".
656 "isnormal"
658 Returns true if the argument is normal (that is, not a
659 subnormal/denormal, and not an infinity, or a not-a-number)
660 [C99].
661 See also "isfinite", and "fpclassify".
663 "isprint"
665 This function has been removed as of v5.24. It was very
666 similar to matching against "qr/ ^ [[:print:]]+ $ /x", which
667 you should convert to use instead. See "POSIX Character
668 Classes" in perlrecharclass.
669 "ispunct"
671 This function has been removed as of v5.24. It was very
672 similar to matching against "qr/ ^ [[:punct:]]+ $ /x", which
673 you should convert to use instead. See "POSIX Character
674 Classes" in perlrecharclass.
675 "issignaling"
677 use POSIX ':nan_payload';
678 issignaling($var, $payload)
679 Return true if the argument is a signaling NaN.
681 Note the API instability warning in "setpayload".
683 See "nan" for more discussion about "NaN".
685 "isspace"
687 This function has been removed as of v5.24. It was very
688 similar to matching against "qr/ ^ [[:space:]]+ $ /x", which
689 you should convert to use instead. See "POSIX Character
690 Classes" in perlrecharclass.
691 "isupper"
693 This function has been removed as of v5.24. It was very
694 similar to matching against "qr/ ^ [[:upper:]]+ $ /x", which
695 you should convert to use instead. See "POSIX Character
696 Classes" in perlrecharclass.
697 "isxdigit"
699 This function has been removed as of v5.24. It was very
700 similar to matching against "qr/ ^ [[:xdigit:]]+ $ /x", which
701 you should convert to use instead. See "POSIX Character
702 Classes" in perlrecharclass.
703 "j0"
705 "j1"
706 "jn"
707 "y0"
708 "y1"
709 "yn" The Bessel function of the first kind of the order zero.
710 "kill" This is identical to Perl's builtin "kill()" function for
712 sending signals to processes (often to terminate them), see
713 "kill" in perlfunc.
714 "labs" Not implemented. (For returning absolute values of long
716 integers.) "labs()" is C-specific, see "abs" in perlfunc
717 instead.
718 "lchown"
720 This is identical to the C function, except the order of
721 arguments is consistent with Perl's builtin "chown()" with the
722 added restriction of only one path, not a list of paths. Does
723 the same thing as the "chown()" function but changes the owner
724 of a symbolic link instead of the file the symbolic link points
725 to.
726 POSIX::lchown($uid, $gid, $file_path);
728 "ldexp" This is identical to the C function "ldexp()" for multiplying
730 floating point numbers with powers of two.
731 $x_quadrupled = POSIX::ldexp($x, 2);
733 "ldiv" Not implemented. (For computing dividends of long integers.)
735 "ldiv()" is C-specific, use "/" and "int()" instead.
736 "lgamma"
738 The logarithm of the Gamma function [C99].
739 See also "tgamma".
741 "log1p" Equivalent to "log(1 + x)", but more stable results for small
743 argument values [C99].
744 "log2" Logarithm base two [C99].
746 See also "expm1".
748 "logb" Integer binary logarithm [C99].
750 For example "logb(20)" is 4, as a floating point number.
752 See also "ilogb".
754 "link" This is identical to Perl's builtin "link()" function for
756 creating hard links into files, see "link" in perlfunc.
757 "localeconv"
759 Get numeric formatting information. Returns a reference to a
760 hash containing the current underlying locale's formatting
761 values. Users of this function should also read perllocale,
762 which provides a comprehensive discussion of Perl locale
763 handling, including a section devoted to this function.
764 Here is how to query the database for the de (Deutsch or
766 German) locale.
767 my $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "de" );
769 print "Locale: \"$loc\"\n";
770 my $lconv = POSIX::localeconv();
771 foreach my $property (qw(
772 decimal_point
773 thousands_sep
774 grouping
775 int_curr_symbol
776 currency_symbol
777 mon_decimal_point
778 mon_thousands_sep
779 mon_grouping
780 positive_sign
781 negative_sign
782 int_frac_digits
783 frac_digits
784 p_cs_precedes
785 p_sep_by_space
786 n_cs_precedes
787 n_sep_by_space
788 p_sign_posn
789 n_sign_posn
790 int_p_cs_precedes
791 int_p_sep_by_space
792 int_n_cs_precedes
793 int_n_sep_by_space
794 int_p_sign_posn
795 int_n_sign_posn
796 ))
797 {
798 printf qq(%s: "%s",\n),
799 $property, $lconv->{$property};
800 }
801 The members whose names begin with "int_p_" and "int_n_" were
803 added by POSIX.1-2008 and are only available on systems that
804 support them.
805 "localtime"
807 This is identical to Perl's builtin "localtime()" function for
808 converting seconds since the epoch to a date see "localtime" in
809 perlfunc.
810 "log" This is identical to Perl's builtin "log()" function, returning
812 the natural (e-based) logarithm of the numerical argument, see
813 "log" in perlfunc.
814 "log10" This is identical to the C function "log10()", returning the
816 10-base logarithm of the numerical argument. You can also use
817 sub log10 { log($_[0]) / log(10) }
819 or
821 sub log10 { log($_[0]) / 2.30258509299405 }
823 or
825 sub log10 { log($_[0]) * 0.434294481903252 }
827 "longjmp"
829 Not implemented. "longjmp()" is C-specific: use "die" in
830 perlfunc instead.
831 "lseek" Move the file's read/write position. This uses file
833 descriptors such as those obtained by calling "POSIX::open".
834 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
836 $off_t = POSIX::lseek( $fd, 0, &POSIX::SEEK_SET );
837 Returns "undef" on failure.
839 "lrint" Depending on the current floating point rounding mode, rounds
841 the argument either toward nearest (like "round"), toward zero
842 (like "trunc"), downward (toward negative infinity), or upward
843 (toward positive infinity) [C99].
844 For the rounding mode, see "fegetround".
846 "lround"
848 Like "round", but as integer, as opposed to floating point
849 [C99].
850 See also "ceil", "floor", "trunc".
852 Owing to an oversight, this is not currently exported by
854 default, or as part of the ":math_h_c99" export tag; importing
855 it must therefore be done by explicit name.
856 "malloc"
858 Not implemented. "malloc()" is C-specific. Perl does memory
859 management transparently.
860 "mblen" This is identical to the C function "mblen()".
862 Core Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
864 characters of the C standards, except under UTF-8 locales, so
865 this might be a rather useless function.
866 However, Perl supports Unicode, see perluniintro.
868 "mbstowcs"
870 This is identical to the C function "mbstowcs()".
871 See "mblen".
873 "mbtowc"
875 This is identical to the C function "mbtowc()".
876 See "mblen".
878 "memchr"
880 Not implemented. "memchr()" is C-specific, see "index" in
881 perlfunc instead.
882 "memcmp"
884 Not implemented. "memcmp()" is C-specific, use "eq" instead,
885 see perlop.
886 "memcpy"
888 Not implemented. "memcpy()" is C-specific, use "=", see
889 perlop, or see "substr" in perlfunc.
890 "memmove"
892 Not implemented. "memmove()" is C-specific, use "=", see
893 perlop, or see "substr" in perlfunc.
894 "memset"
896 Not implemented. "memset()" is C-specific, use "x" instead,
897 see perlop.
898 "mkdir" This is identical to Perl's builtin "mkdir()" function for
900 creating directories, see "mkdir" in perlfunc.
901 "mkfifo"
903 This is similar to the C function "mkfifo()" for creating FIFO
904 special files.
905 if (mkfifo($path, $mode)) { ....
907 Returns "undef" on failure. The $mode is similar to the mode
909 of "mkdir()", see "mkdir" in perlfunc, though for "mkfifo" you
910 must specify the $mode.
911 "mktime"
913 Convert date/time info to a calendar time.
914 Synopsis:
916 mktime(sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = 0,
918 yday = 0, isdst = -1)
919 The month ("mon"), weekday ("wday"), and yearday ("yday") begin
921 at zero, i.e., January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January
922 1st is 0, not 1. The year ("year") is given in years since
923 1900; i.e., the year 1995 is 95; the year 2001 is 101. Consult
924 your system's "mktime()" manpage for details about these and
925 the other arguments.
926 Calendar time for December 12, 1995, at 10:30 am.
928 $time_t = POSIX::mktime( 0, 30, 10, 12, 11, 95 );
930 print "Date = ", POSIX::ctime($time_t);
931 Returns "undef" on failure.
933 "modf" Return the integral and fractional parts of a floating-point
935 number.
936 ($fractional, $integral) = POSIX::modf( 3.14 );
938 See also "round".
940 "NaN" The not-a-number as a constant:
942 use POSIX qw(NaN);
944 my $nan = NaN;
945 See also "nan", "/isnan", and "fpclassify".
947 "nan"
949 my $nan = nan();
950 Returns "NaN", not-a-number [C99].
952 The returned NaN is always a quiet NaN, as opposed to
954 signaling.
955 With an argument, can be used to generate a NaN with payload.
957 The argument is first interpreted as a floating point number,
958 but then any fractional parts are truncated (towards zero), and
959 the value is interpreted as an unsigned integer. The bits of
960 this integer are stored in the unused bits of the NaN.
961 The result has a dual nature: it is a NaN, but it also carries
963 the integer inside it. The integer can be retrieved with
964 "getpayload". Note, though, that the payload is not
965 propagated, not even on copies, and definitely not in
966 arithmetic operations.
967 How many bits fit in the NaN depends on what kind of floating
969 points are being used, but on the most common platforms (64-bit
970 IEEE 754, or the x86 80-bit long doubles) there are 51 and 61
971 bits available, respectively. (There would be 52 and 62, but
972 the quiet/signaling bit of NaNs takes away one.) However,
973 because of the floating-point-to- integer-and-back conversions,
974 please test carefully whether you get back what you put in. If
975 your integers are only 32 bits wide, you probably should not
976 rely on more than 32 bits of payload.
977 Whether a "signaling" NaN is in any way different from a
979 "quiet" NaN, depends on the platform. Also note that the
980 payload of the default NaN (no argument to nan()) is not
981 necessarily zero, use "setpayload" to explicitly set the
982 payload. On some platforms like the 32-bit x86, (unless using
983 the 80-bit long doubles) the signaling bit is not supported at
984 all.
985 See also "isnan", "NaN", "setpayload" and "issignaling".
987 "nearbyint"
989 Returns the nearest integer to the argument, according to the
990 current rounding mode (see "fegetround") [C99].
991 "nextafter"
993 Returns the next representable floating point number after "x"
994 in the direction of "y" [C99].
995 my $nextafter = POSIX::nextafter($x, $y);
997 Like "nexttoward", but potentially less accurate.
999 "nexttoward"
1001 Returns the next representable floating point number after "x"
1002 in the direction of "y" [C99].
1003 my $nexttoward = POSIX::nexttoward($x, $y);
1005 Like "nextafter", but potentially more accurate.
1007 "nice" This is similar to the C function "nice()", for changing the
1009 scheduling preference of the current process. Positive
1010 arguments mean a more polite process, negative values a more
1011 needy process. Normal (non-root) user processes can only
1012 change towards being more polite.
1013 Returns "undef" on failure.
1015 "offsetof"
1017 Not implemented. "offsetof()" is C-specific, you probably want
1018 to see "pack" in perlfunc instead.
1019 "open" Open a file for reading for writing. This returns file
1021 descriptors, not Perl filehandles. Use "POSIX::close" to close
1022 the file.
1023 Open a file read-only with mode 0666.
1025 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo" );
1027 Open a file for read and write.
1029 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDWR );
1031 Open a file for write, with truncation.
1033 $fd = POSIX::open(
1035 "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY | &POSIX::O_TRUNC
1036 );
1037 Create a new file with mode 0640. Set up the file for writing.
1039 $fd = POSIX::open(
1041 "foo", &POSIX::O_CREAT | &POSIX::O_WRONLY, 0640
1042 );
1043 Returns "undef" on failure.
1045 See also "sysopen" in perlfunc.
1047 "opendir"
1049 Open a directory for reading.
1050 $dir = POSIX::opendir( "/var" );
1052 @files = POSIX::readdir( $dir );
1053 POSIX::closedir( $dir );
1054 Returns "undef" on failure.
1056 "pathconf"
1058 Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or
1059 directory.
1060 The following will determine the maximum length of the longest
1062 allowable pathname on the filesystem which holds "/var".
1063 $path_max = POSIX::pathconf( "/var",
1065 &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
1066 Returns "undef" on failure.
1068 "pause" This is similar to the C function "pause()", which suspends the
1070 execution of the current process until a signal is received.
1071 Returns "undef" on failure.
1073 "perror"
1075 This is identical to the C function "perror()", which outputs
1076 to the standard error stream the specified message followed by
1077 ": " and the current error string. Use the "warn()" function
1078 and the $! variable instead, see "warn" in perlfunc and
1079 "$ERRNO" in perlvar.
1080 "pipe" Create an interprocess channel. This returns file descriptors
1082 like those returned by "POSIX::open".
1083 my ($read, $write) = POSIX::pipe();
1085 POSIX::write( $write, "hello", 5 );
1086 POSIX::read( $read, $buf, 5 );
1087 See also "pipe" in perlfunc.
1089 "pow" Computes $x raised to the power $exponent.
1091 $ret = POSIX::pow( $x, $exponent );
1093 You can also use the "**" operator, see perlop.
1095 "printf"
1097 Formats and prints the specified arguments to "STDOUT". See
1098 also "printf" in perlfunc.
1099 "putc" Not implemented. "putc()" is C-specific, see "print" in
1101 perlfunc instead.
1102 "putchar"
1104 Not implemented. "putchar()" is C-specific, see "print" in
1105 perlfunc instead.
1106 "puts" Not implemented. "puts()" is C-specific, see "print" in
1108 perlfunc instead.
1109 "qsort" Not implemented. "qsort()" is C-specific, see "sort" in
1111 perlfunc instead.
1112 "raise" Sends the specified signal to the current process. See also
1114 "kill" in perlfunc and the $$ in "$PID" in perlvar.
1115 "rand" Not implemented. "rand()" is non-portable, see "rand" in
1117 perlfunc instead.
1118 "read" Read from a file. This uses file descriptors such as those
1120 obtained by calling "POSIX::open". If the buffer $buf is not
1121 large enough for the read then Perl will extend it to make room
1122 for the request.
1123 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
1125 $bytes = POSIX::read( $fd, $buf, 3 );
1126 Returns "undef" on failure.
1128 See also "sysread" in perlfunc.
1130 "readdir"
1132 This is identical to Perl's builtin "readdir()" function for
1133 reading directory entries, see "readdir" in perlfunc.
1134 "realloc"
1136 Not implemented. "realloc()" is C-specific. Perl does memory
1137 management transparently.
1138 "remainder"
1140 Given "x" and "y", returns the value "x - n*y", where "n" is
1141 the integer closest to "x"/"y". [C99]
1142 my $remainder = POSIX::remainder($x, $y)
1144 See also "remquo".
1146 "remove"
1148 This is identical to Perl's builtin "unlink()" function for
1149 removing files, see "unlink" in perlfunc.
1150 "remquo"
1152 Like "remainder" but also returns the low-order bits of the
1153 quotient (n) [C99]
1154 (This is quite esoteric interface, mainly used to implement
1156 numerical algorithms.)
1157 "rename"
1159 This is identical to Perl's builtin "rename()" function for
1160 renaming files, see "rename" in perlfunc.
1161 "rewind"
1163 Seeks to the beginning of the file.
1164 "rewinddir"
1166 This is identical to Perl's builtin "rewinddir()" function for
1167 rewinding directory entry streams, see "rewinddir" in perlfunc.
1168 "rint" Identical to "lrint".
1170 "rmdir" This is identical to Perl's builtin "rmdir()" function for
1172 removing (empty) directories, see "rmdir" in perlfunc.
1173 "round" Returns the integer (but still as floating point) nearest to
1175 the argument [C99].
1176 See also "ceil", "floor", "lround", "modf", and "trunc".
1178 "scalbn"
1180 Returns "x * 2**y" [C99].
1181 See also "frexp" and "ldexp".
1183 "scanf" Not implemented. "scanf()" is C-specific, use <> and regular
1185 expressions instead, see perlre.
1186 "setgid"
1188 Sets the real group identifier and the effective group
1189 identifier for this process. Similar to assigning a value to
1190 the Perl's builtin $) variable, see "$EGID" in perlvar, except
1191 that the latter will change only the real user identifier, and
1192 that the setgid() uses only a single numeric argument, as
1193 opposed to a space-separated list of numbers.
1194 "setjmp"
1196 Not implemented. "setjmp()" is C-specific: use "eval {}"
1197 instead, see "eval" in perlfunc.
1198 "setlocale"
1200 WARNING! Do NOT use this function in a thread. The locale
1201 will change in all other threads at the same time, and should
1202 your thread get paused by the operating system, and another
1203 started, that thread will not have the locale it is expecting.
1204 On some platforms, there can be a race leading to segfaults if
1205 two threads call this function nearly simultaneously.
1206 Modifies and queries the program's underlying locale. Users of
1208 this function should read perllocale, whch provides a
1209 comprehensive discussion of Perl locale handling, knowledge of
1210 which is necessary to properly use this function. It contains
1211 a section devoted to this function. The discussion here is
1212 merely a summary reference for "setlocale()". Note that Perl
1213 itself is almost entirely unaffected by the locale except
1214 within the scope of "use locale". (Exceptions are listed in
1215 "Not within the scope of "use locale"" in perllocale.)
1216 The following examples assume
1218 use POSIX qw(setlocale LC_ALL LC_CTYPE);
1220 has been issued.
1222 The following will set the traditional UNIX system locale
1224 behavior (the second argument "C").
1225 $loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "C" );
1227 The following will query the current "LC_CTYPE" category. (No
1229 second argument means 'query'.)
1230 $loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE );
1232 The following will set the "LC_CTYPE" behaviour according to
1234 the locale environment variables (the second argument "").
1235 Please see your system's setlocale(3) documentation for the
1236 locale environment variables' meaning or consult perllocale.
1237 $loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE, "" );
1239 The following will set the "LC_COLLATE" behaviour to
1241 Argentinian Spanish. NOTE: The naming and availability of
1242 locales depends on your operating system. Please consult
1243 perllocale for how to find out which locales are available in
1244 your system.
1245 $loc = setlocale( LC_COLLATE, "es_AR.ISO8859-1" );
1247 "setpayload"
1249 use POSIX ':nan_payload';
1250 setpayload($var, $payload);
1251 Sets the "NaN" payload of var.
1253 NOTE: the NaN payload APIs are based on the latest (as of June
1255 2015) proposed ISO C interfaces, but they are not yet a
1256 standard. Things may change.
1257 See "nan" for more discussion about "NaN".
1259 See also "setpayloadsig", "isnan", "getpayload", and
1261 "issignaling".
1262 "setpayloadsig"
1264 use POSIX ':nan_payload';
1265 setpayloadsig($var, $payload);
1266 Like "setpayload" but also makes the NaN signaling.
1268 Depending on the platform the NaN may or may not behave
1270 differently.
1271 Note the API instability warning in "setpayload".
1273 Note that because how the floating point formats work out, on
1275 the most common platforms signaling payload of zero is best
1276 avoided, since it might end up being identical to "+Inf".
1277 See also "nan", "isnan", "getpayload", and "issignaling".
1279 "setpgid"
1281 This is similar to the C function "setpgid()" for setting the
1282 process group identifier of the current process.
1283 Returns "undef" on failure.
1285 "setsid"
1287 This is identical to the C function "setsid()" for setting the
1288 session identifier of the current process.
1289 "setuid"
1291 Sets the real user identifier and the effective user identifier
1292 for this process. Similar to assigning a value to the Perl's
1293 builtin $< variable, see "$UID" in perlvar, except that the
1294 latter will change only the real user identifier.
1295 "sigaction"
1297 Detailed signal management. This uses "POSIX::SigAction"
1298 objects for the "action" and "oldaction" arguments (the
1299 oldaction can also be just a hash reference). Consult your
1300 system's "sigaction" manpage for details, see also
1301 "POSIX::SigRt".
1302 Synopsis:
1304 sigaction(signal, action, oldaction = 0)
1306 Returns "undef" on failure. The "signal" must be a number
1308 (like "SIGHUP"), not a string (like "SIGHUP"), though Perl does
1309 try hard to understand you.
1310 If you use the "SA_SIGINFO" flag, the signal handler will in
1312 addition to the first argument, the signal name, also receive a
1313 second argument, a hash reference, inside which are the
1314 following keys with the following semantics, as defined by
1315 POSIX/SUSv3:
1316 signo the signal number
1318 errno the error number
1319 code if this is zero or less, the signal was sent by
1320 a user process and the uid and pid make sense,
1321 otherwise the signal was sent by the kernel
1322 The constants for specific "code" values can be imported
1324 individually or using the ":signal_h_si_code" tag.
1325 The following are also defined by POSIX/SUSv3, but
1327 unfortunately not very widely implemented:
1328 pid the process id generating the signal
1330 uid the uid of the process id generating the signal
1331 status exit value or signal for SIGCHLD
1332 band band event for SIGPOLL
1333 addr address of faulting instruction or memory
1334 reference for SIGILL, SIGFPE, SIGSEGV or SIGBUS
1335 A third argument is also passed to the handler, which contains
1337 a copy of the raw binary contents of the "siginfo" structure:
1338 if a system has some non-POSIX fields, this third argument is
1339 where to "unpack()" them from.
1340 Note that not all "siginfo" values make sense simultaneously
1342 (some are valid only for certain signals, for example), and not
1343 all values make sense from Perl perspective, you should to
1344 consult your system's "sigaction" and possibly also "siginfo"
1345 documentation.
1346 "siglongjmp"
1348 Not implemented. "siglongjmp()" is C-specific: use "die" in
1349 perlfunc instead.
1350 "signbit"
1352 Returns zero for positive arguments, non-zero for negative
1353 arguments [C99].
1354 "sigpending"
1356 Examine signals that are blocked and pending. This uses
1357 "POSIX::SigSet" objects for the "sigset" argument. Consult
1358 your system's "sigpending" manpage for details.
1359 Synopsis:
1361 sigpending(sigset)
1363 Returns "undef" on failure.
1365 "sigprocmask"
1367 Change and/or examine calling process's signal mask. This uses
1368 "POSIX::SigSet" objects for the "sigset" and "oldsigset"
1369 arguments. Consult your system's "sigprocmask" manpage for
1370 details.
1371 Synopsis:
1373 sigprocmask(how, sigset, oldsigset = 0)
1375 Returns "undef" on failure.
1377 Note that you can't reliably block or unblock a signal from its
1379 own signal handler if you're using safe signals. Other signals
1380 can be blocked or unblocked reliably.
1381 "sigsetjmp"
1383 Not implemented. "sigsetjmp()" is C-specific: use "eval {}"
1384 instead, see "eval" in perlfunc.
1385 "sigsuspend"
1387 Install a signal mask and suspend process until signal arrives.
1388 This uses "POSIX::SigSet" objects for the "signal_mask"
1389 argument. Consult your system's "sigsuspend" manpage for
1390 details.
1391 Synopsis:
1393 sigsuspend(signal_mask)
1395 Returns "undef" on failure.
1397 "sin" This is identical to Perl's builtin "sin()" function for
1399 returning the sine of the numerical argument, see "sin" in
1400 perlfunc. See also Math::Trig.
1401 "sinh" This is identical to the C function "sinh()" for returning the
1403 hyperbolic sine of the numerical argument. See also
1404 Math::Trig.
1405 "sleep" This is functionally identical to Perl's builtin "sleep()"
1407 function for suspending the execution of the current for
1408 process for certain number of seconds, see "sleep" in perlfunc.
1409 There is one significant difference, however: "POSIX::sleep()"
1410 returns the number of unslept seconds, while the
1411 "CORE::sleep()" returns the number of slept seconds.
1412 "sprintf"
1414 This is similar to Perl's builtin "sprintf()" function for
1415 returning a string that has the arguments formatted as
1416 requested, see "sprintf" in perlfunc.
1417 "sqrt" This is identical to Perl's builtin "sqrt()" function. for
1419 returning the square root of the numerical argument, see "sqrt"
1420 in perlfunc.
1421 "srand" Give a seed the pseudorandom number generator, see "srand" in
1423 perlfunc.
1424 "sscanf"
1426 Not implemented. "sscanf()" is C-specific, use regular
1427 expressions instead, see perlre.
1428 "stat" This is identical to Perl's builtin "stat()" function for
1430 returning information about files and directories.
1431 "strcat"
1433 Not implemented. "strcat()" is C-specific, use ".=" instead,
1434 see perlop.
1435 "strchr"
1437 Not implemented. "strchr()" is C-specific, see "index" in
1438 perlfunc instead.
1439 "strcmp"
1441 Not implemented. "strcmp()" is C-specific, use "eq" or "cmp"
1442 instead, see perlop.
1443 "strcoll"
1445 This is identical to the C function "strcoll()" for collating
1446 (comparing) strings transformed using the "strxfrm()" function.
1447 Not really needed since Perl can do this transparently, see
1448 perllocale.
1449 Beware that in a UTF-8 locale, anything you pass to this
1451 function must be in UTF-8; and when not in a UTF-8 locale,
1452 anything passed must not be UTF-8 encoded.
1453 "strcpy"
1455 Not implemented. "strcpy()" is C-specific, use "=" instead,
1456 see perlop.
1457 "strcspn"
1459 Not implemented. "strcspn()" is C-specific, use regular
1460 expressions instead, see perlre.
1461 "strerror"
1463 Returns the error string for the specified errno. Identical to
1464 the string form of $!, see "$ERRNO" in perlvar.
1465 "strftime"
1467 Convert date and time information to string. Returns the
1468 string.
1469 Synopsis:
1471 strftime(fmt, sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year,
1473 wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1)
1474 The month ("mon"), weekday ("wday"), and yearday ("yday") begin
1476 at zero, i.e., January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January
1477 1st is 0, not 1. The year ("year") is given in years since
1478 1900, i.e., the year 1995 is 95; the year 2001 is 101. Consult
1479 your system's "strftime()" manpage for details about these and
1480 the other arguments.
1481 If you want your code to be portable, your format ("fmt")
1483 argument should use only the conversion specifiers defined by
1484 the ANSI C standard (C89, to play safe). These are
1485 "aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYZ%". But even then, the results of some
1486 of the conversion specifiers are non-portable. For example,
1487 the specifiers "aAbBcpZ" change according to the locale
1488 settings of the user, and both how to set locales (the locale
1489 names) and what output to expect are non-standard. The
1490 specifier "c" changes according to the timezone settings of the
1491 user and the timezone computation rules of the operating
1492 system. The "Z" specifier is notoriously unportable since the
1493 names of timezones are non-standard. Sticking to the numeric
1494 specifiers is the safest route.
1495 The given arguments are made consistent as though by calling
1497 "mktime()" before calling your system's "strftime()" function,
1498 except that the "isdst" value is not affected.
1499 The string for Tuesday, December 12, 1995.
1501 $str = POSIX::strftime( "%A, %B %d, %Y",
1503 0, 0, 0, 12, 11, 95, 2 );
1504 print "$str\n";
1505 "strlen"
1507 Not implemented. "strlen()" is C-specific, use "length()"
1508 instead, see "length" in perlfunc.
1509 "strncat"
1511 Not implemented. "strncat()" is C-specific, use ".=" instead,
1512 see perlop.
1513 "strncmp"
1515 Not implemented. "strncmp()" is C-specific, use "eq" instead,
1516 see perlop.
1517 "strncpy"
1519 Not implemented. "strncpy()" is C-specific, use "=" instead,
1520 see perlop.
1521 "strpbrk"
1523 Not implemented. "strpbrk()" is C-specific, use regular
1524 expressions instead, see perlre.
1525 "strrchr"
1527 Not implemented. "strrchr()" is C-specific, see "rindex" in
1528 perlfunc instead.
1529 "strspn"
1531 Not implemented. "strspn()" is C-specific, use regular
1532 expressions instead, see perlre.
1533 "strstr"
1535 This is identical to Perl's builtin "index()" function, see
1536 "index" in perlfunc.
1537 "strtod"
1539 String to double translation. Returns the parsed number and the
1540 number of characters in the unparsed portion of the string.
1541 Truly POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a
1542 translation error, so clear $! before calling "strtod".
1543 However, non-POSIX systems may not check for overflow, and
1544 therefore will never set $!.
1545 "strtod" respects any POSIX "setlocale()" "LC_TIME" settings,
1547 regardless of whether or not it is called from Perl code that
1548 is within the scope of "use locale".
1549 To parse a string $str as a floating point number use
1551 $! = 0;
1553 ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtod($str);
1554 The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid
1556 input:
1557 if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || $!) {
1559 die "Non-numeric input $str" . ($! ? ": $!\n" : "\n");
1560 }
1561 When called in a scalar context "strtod" returns the parsed
1563 number.
1564 "strtok"
1566 Not implemented. "strtok()" is C-specific, use regular
1567 expressions instead, see perlre, or "split" in perlfunc.
1568 "strtol"
1570 String to (long) integer translation. Returns the parsed
1571 number and the number of characters in the unparsed portion of
1572 the string. Truly POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to
1573 indicate a translation error, so clear $! before calling
1574 "strtol". However, non-POSIX systems may not check for
1575 overflow, and therefore will never set $!.
1576 "strtol" should respect any POSIX setlocale() settings.
1578 To parse a string $str as a number in some base $base use
1580 $! = 0;
1582 ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtol($str, $base);
1583 The base should be zero or between 2 and 36, inclusive. When
1585 the base is zero or omitted "strtol" will use the string itself
1586 to determine the base: a leading "0x" or "0X" means
1587 hexadecimal; a leading "0" means octal; any other leading
1588 characters mean decimal. Thus, "1234" is parsed as a decimal
1589 number, "01234" as an octal number, and "0x1234" as a
1590 hexadecimal number.
1591 The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid
1593 input:
1594 if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) {
1596 die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n";
1597 }
1598 When called in a scalar context "strtol" returns the parsed
1600 number.
1601 "strtold"
1603 Like "strtod" but for long doubles. Defined only if the system
1604 supports long doubles.
1605 "strtoul"
1607 String to unsigned (long) integer translation. "strtoul()" is
1608 identical to "strtol()" except that "strtoul()" only parses
1609 unsigned integers. See "strtol" for details.
1610 Note: Some vendors supply "strtod()" and "strtol()" but not
1612 "strtoul()". Other vendors that do supply "strtoul()" parse
1613 "-1" as a valid value.
1614 "strxfrm"
1616 String transformation. Returns the transformed string.
1617 $dst = POSIX::strxfrm( $src );
1619 Used in conjunction with the "strcoll()" function, see
1621 "strcoll".
1622 Not really needed since Perl can do this transparently, see
1624 perllocale.
1625 Beware that in a UTF-8 locale, anything you pass to this
1627 function must be in UTF-8; and when not in a UTF-8 locale,
1628 anything passed must not be UTF-8 encoded.
1629 "sysconf"
1631 Retrieves values of system configurable variables.
1632 The following will get the machine's clock speed.
1634 $clock_ticks = POSIX::sysconf( &POSIX::_SC_CLK_TCK );
1636 Returns "undef" on failure.
1638 "system"
1640 This is identical to Perl's builtin "system()" function, see
1641 "system" in perlfunc.
1642 "tan" This is identical to the C function "tan()", returning the
1644 tangent of the numerical argument. See also Math::Trig.
1645 "tanh" This is identical to the C function "tanh()", returning the
1647 hyperbolic tangent of the numerical argument. See also
1648 Math::Trig.
1649 "tcdrain"
1651 This is similar to the C function "tcdrain()" for draining the
1652 output queue of its argument stream.
1653 Returns "undef" on failure.
1655 "tcflow"
1657 This is similar to the C function "tcflow()" for controlling
1658 the flow of its argument stream.
1659 Returns "undef" on failure.
1661 "tcflush"
1663 This is similar to the C function "tcflush()" for flushing the
1664 I/O buffers of its argument stream.
1665 Returns "undef" on failure.
1667 "tcgetpgrp"
1669 This is identical to the C function "tcgetpgrp()" for returning
1670 the process group identifier of the foreground process group of
1671 the controlling terminal.
1672 "tcsendbreak"
1674 This is similar to the C function "tcsendbreak()" for sending a
1675 break on its argument stream.
1676 Returns "undef" on failure.
1678 "tcsetpgrp"
1680 This is similar to the C function "tcsetpgrp()" for setting the
1681 process group identifier of the foreground process group of the
1682 controlling terminal.
1683 Returns "undef" on failure.
1685 "tgamma"
1687 The Gamma function [C99].
1688 See also "lgamma".
1690 "time" This is identical to Perl's builtin "time()" function for
1692 returning the number of seconds since the epoch (whatever it is
1693 for the system), see "time" in perlfunc.
1694 "times" The "times()" function returns elapsed realtime since some
1696 point in the past (such as system startup), user and system
1697 times for this process, and user and system times used by child
1698 processes. All times are returned in clock ticks.
1699 ($realtime, $user, $system, $cuser, $csystem)
1701 = POSIX::times();
1702 Note: Perl's builtin "times()" function returns four values,
1704 measured in seconds.
1705 "tmpfile"
1707 Not implemented. Use method "IO::File::new_tmpfile()" instead,
1708 or see File::Temp.
1709 "tmpnam"
1711 For security reasons, which are probably detailed in your
1712 system's documentation for the C library "tmpnam()" function,
1713 this interface is no longer available; instead use File::Temp.
1714 "tolower"
1716 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply
1717 to a single character or to a whole string, and currently
1718 operates as if the locale always is "C". Consider using the
1719 "lc()" function, see "lc" in perlfunc, see "lc" in perlfunc, or
1720 the equivalent "\L" operator inside doublequotish strings.
1721 "toupper"
1723 This is similar to the C function, except that it can apply to
1724 a single character or to a whole string, and currently operates
1725 as if the locale always is "C". Consider using the "uc()"
1726 function, see "uc" in perlfunc, or the equivalent "\U" operator
1727 inside doublequotish strings.
1728 "trunc" Returns the integer toward zero from the argument [C99].
1730 See also "ceil", "floor", and "round".
1732 "ttyname"
1734 This is identical to the C function "ttyname()" for returning
1735 the name of the current terminal.
1736 "tzname"
1738 Retrieves the time conversion information from the "tzname"
1739 variable.
1740 POSIX::tzset();
1742 ($std, $dst) = POSIX::tzname();
1743 "tzset" This is identical to the C function "tzset()" for setting the
1745 current timezone based on the environment variable "TZ", to be
1746 used by "ctime()", "localtime()", "mktime()", and "strftime()"
1747 functions.
1748 "umask" This is identical to Perl's builtin "umask()" function for
1750 setting (and querying) the file creation permission mask, see
1751 "umask" in perlfunc.
1752 "uname" Get name of current operating system.
1754 ($sysname, $nodename, $release, $version, $machine)
1756 = POSIX::uname();
1757 Note that the actual meanings of the various fields are not
1759 that well standardized, do not expect any great portability.
1760 The $sysname might be the name of the operating system, the
1761 $nodename might be the name of the host, the $release might be
1762 the (major) release number of the operating system, the
1763 $version might be the (minor) release number of the operating
1764 system, and the $machine might be a hardware identifier.
1765 Maybe.
1766 "ungetc"
1768 Not implemented. Use method "IO::Handle::ungetc()" instead.
1769 "unlink"
1771 This is identical to Perl's builtin "unlink()" function for
1772 removing files, see "unlink" in perlfunc.
1773 "utime" This is identical to Perl's builtin "utime()" function for
1775 changing the time stamps of files and directories, see "utime"
1776 in perlfunc.
1777 "vfprintf"
1779 Not implemented. "vfprintf()" is C-specific, see "printf" in
1780 perlfunc instead.
1781 "vprintf"
1783 Not implemented. "vprintf()" is C-specific, see "printf" in
1784 perlfunc instead.
1785 "vsprintf"
1787 Not implemented. "vsprintf()" is C-specific, see "sprintf" in
1788 perlfunc instead.
1789 "wait" This is identical to Perl's builtin "wait()" function, see
1791 "wait" in perlfunc.
1792 "waitpid"
1794 Wait for a child process to change state. This is identical to
1795 Perl's builtin "waitpid()" function, see "waitpid" in perlfunc.
1796 $pid = POSIX::waitpid( -1, POSIX::WNOHANG );
1798 print "status = ", ($? / 256), "\n";
1799 "wcstombs"
1801 This is identical to the C function "wcstombs()".
1802 See "mblen".
1804 "wctomb"
1806 This is identical to the C function "wctomb()".
1807 See "mblen".
1809 "write" Write to a file. This uses file descriptors such as those
1811 obtained by calling "POSIX::open".
1812 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY );
1814 $buf = "hello";
1815 $bytes = POSIX::write( $fd, $buf, 5 );
1816 Returns "undef" on failure.
1818 See also "syswrite" in perlfunc.
1820
1822 "POSIX::SigAction"
1823 "new" Creates a new "POSIX::SigAction" object which corresponds to
1824 the C "struct sigaction". This object will be destroyed
1825 automatically when it is no longer needed. The first parameter
1826 is the handler, a sub reference. The second parameter is a
1827 "POSIX::SigSet" object, it defaults to the empty set. The
1828 third parameter contains the "sa_flags", it defaults to 0.
1829 $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGQUIT);
1831 $sigaction = POSIX::SigAction->new(
1832 \&handler, $sigset, &POSIX::SA_NOCLDSTOP
1833 );
1834 This "POSIX::SigAction" object is intended for use with the
1836 "POSIX::sigaction()" function.
1837 "handler"
1839 "mask"
1840 "flags" accessor functions to get/set the values of a SigAction object.
1841 $sigset = $sigaction->mask;
1843 $sigaction->flags(&POSIX::SA_RESTART);
1844 "safe" accessor function for the "safe signals" flag of a SigAction
1846 object; see perlipc for general information on safe (a.k.a.
1847 "deferred") signals. If you wish to handle a signal safely,
1848 use this accessor to set the "safe" flag in the
1849 "POSIX::SigAction" object:
1850 $sigaction->safe(1);
1852 You may also examine the "safe" flag on the output action
1854 object which is filled in when given as the third parameter to
1855 "POSIX::sigaction()":
1856 sigaction(SIGINT, $new_action, $old_action);
1858 if ($old_action->safe) {
1859 # previous SIGINT handler used safe signals
1860 }
1861 "POSIX::SigRt"
1863 %SIGRT A hash of the POSIX realtime signal handlers. It is an
1864 extension of the standard %SIG, the $POSIX::SIGRT{SIGRTMIN} is
1865 roughly equivalent to $SIG{SIGRTMIN}, but the right POSIX moves
1866 (see below) are made with the "POSIX::SigSet" and
1867 "POSIX::sigaction" instead of accessing the %SIG.
1868 You can set the %POSIX::SIGRT elements to set the POSIX
1870 realtime signal handlers, use "delete" and "exists" on the
1871 elements, and use "scalar" on the %POSIX::SIGRT to find out how
1872 many POSIX realtime signals there are available
1873 "(SIGRTMAX - SIGRTMIN + 1", the "SIGRTMAX" is a valid POSIX
1874 realtime signal).
1875 Setting the %SIGRT elements is equivalent to calling this:
1877 sub new {
1879 my ($rtsig, $handler, $flags) = @_;
1880 my $sigset = POSIX::SigSet($rtsig);
1881 my $sigact = POSIX::SigAction->new($handler,$sigset,$flags);
1882 sigaction($rtsig, $sigact);
1883 }
1884 The flags default to zero, if you want something different you
1886 can either use "local" on $POSIX::SigRt::SIGACTION_FLAGS, or
1887 you can derive from POSIX::SigRt and define your own "new()"
1888 (the tied hash STORE method of the %SIGRT calls "new($rtsig,
1889 $handler, $SIGACTION_FLAGS)", where the $rtsig ranges from zero
1890 to "SIGRTMAX - SIGRTMIN + 1)".
1891 Just as with any signal, you can use "sigaction($rtsig, undef,
1893 $oa)" to retrieve the installed signal handler (or, rather, the
1894 signal action).
1895 NOTE: whether POSIX realtime signals really work in your
1897 system, or whether Perl has been compiled so that it works with
1898 them, is outside of this discussion.
1899 "SIGRTMIN"
1901 Return the minimum POSIX realtime signal number available, or
1902 "undef" if no POSIX realtime signals are available.
1903 "SIGRTMAX"
1905 Return the maximum POSIX realtime signal number available, or
1906 "undef" if no POSIX realtime signals are available.
1907 "POSIX::SigSet"
1909 "new" Create a new SigSet object. This object will be destroyed
1910 automatically when it is no longer needed. Arguments may be
1911 supplied to initialize the set.
1912 Create an empty set.
1914 $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new;
1916 Create a set with "SIGUSR1".
1918 $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 );
1920 "addset"
1922 Add a signal to a SigSet object.
1923 $sigset->addset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
1925 Returns "undef" on failure.
1927 "delset"
1929 Remove a signal from the SigSet object.
1930 $sigset->delset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
1932 Returns "undef" on failure.
1934 "emptyset"
1936 Initialize the SigSet object to be empty.
1937 $sigset->emptyset();
1939 Returns "undef" on failure.
1941 "fillset"
1943 Initialize the SigSet object to include all signals.
1944 $sigset->fillset();
1946 Returns "undef" on failure.
1948 "ismember"
1950 Tests the SigSet object to see if it contains a specific
1951 signal.
1952 if( $sigset->ismember( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ) ){
1954 print "contains SIGUSR1\n";
1955 }
1956 "POSIX::Termios"
1958 "new" Create a new Termios object. This object will be destroyed
1959 automatically when it is no longer needed. A Termios object
1960 corresponds to the "termios" C struct. "new()" mallocs a new
1961 one, "getattr()" fills it from a file descriptor, and
1962 "setattr()" sets a file descriptor's parameters to match
1963 Termios' contents.
1964 $termios = POSIX::Termios->new;
1966 "getattr"
1968 Get terminal control attributes.
1969 Obtain the attributes for "stdin".
1971 $termios->getattr( 0 ) # Recommended for clarity.
1973 $termios->getattr()
1974 Obtain the attributes for stdout.
1976 $termios->getattr( 1 )
1978 Returns "undef" on failure.
1980 "getcc" Retrieve a value from the "c_cc" field of a "termios" object.
1982 The "c_cc" field is an array so an index must be specified.
1983 $c_cc[1] = $termios->getcc(1);
1985 "getcflag"
1987 Retrieve the "c_cflag" field of a "termios" object.
1988 $c_cflag = $termios->getcflag;
1990 "getiflag"
1992 Retrieve the "c_iflag" field of a "termios" object.
1993 $c_iflag = $termios->getiflag;
1995 "getispeed"
1997 Retrieve the input baud rate.
1998 $ispeed = $termios->getispeed;
2000 "getlflag"
2002 Retrieve the "c_lflag" field of a "termios" object.
2003 $c_lflag = $termios->getlflag;
2005 "getoflag"
2007 Retrieve the "c_oflag" field of a "termios" object.
2008 $c_oflag = $termios->getoflag;
2010 "getospeed"
2012 Retrieve the output baud rate.
2013 $ospeed = $termios->getospeed;
2015 "setattr"
2017 Set terminal control attributes.
2018 Set attributes immediately for stdout.
2020 $termios->setattr( 1, &POSIX::TCSANOW );
2022 Returns "undef" on failure.
2024 "setcc" Set a value in the "c_cc" field of a "termios" object. The
2026 "c_cc" field is an array so an index must be specified.
2027 $termios->setcc( &POSIX::VEOF, 1 );
2029 "setcflag"
2031 Set the "c_cflag" field of a "termios" object.
2032 $termios->setcflag( $c_cflag | &POSIX::CLOCAL );
2034 "setiflag"
2036 Set the "c_iflag" field of a "termios" object.
2037 $termios->setiflag( $c_iflag | &POSIX::BRKINT );
2039 "setispeed"
2041 Set the input baud rate.
2042 $termios->setispeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
2044 Returns "undef" on failure.
2046 "setlflag"
2048 Set the "c_lflag" field of a "termios" object.
2049 $termios->setlflag( $c_lflag | &POSIX::ECHO );
2051 "setoflag"
2053 Set the "c_oflag" field of a "termios" object.
2054 $termios->setoflag( $c_oflag | &POSIX::OPOST );
2056 "setospeed"
2058 Set the output baud rate.
2059 $termios->setospeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
2061 Returns "undef" on failure.
2063 Baud rate values
2065 "B38400" "B75" "B200" "B134" "B300" "B1800" "B150" "B0"
2066 "B19200" "B1200" "B9600" "B600" "B4800" "B50" "B2400" "B110"
2067 Terminal interface values
2069 "TCSADRAIN" "TCSANOW" "TCOON" "TCIOFLUSH" "TCOFLUSH" "TCION"
2070 "TCIFLUSH" "TCSAFLUSH" "TCIOFF" "TCOOFF"
2071 "c_cc" field values
2073 "VEOF" "VEOL" "VERASE" "VINTR" "VKILL" "VQUIT" "VSUSP" "VSTART"
2074 "VSTOP" "VMIN" "VTIME" "NCCS"
2075 "c_cflag" field values
2077 "CLOCAL" "CREAD" "CSIZE" "CS5" "CS6" "CS7" "CS8" "CSTOPB"
2078 "HUPCL" "PARENB" "PARODD"
2079 "c_iflag" field values
2081 "BRKINT" "ICRNL" "IGNBRK" "IGNCR" "IGNPAR" "INLCR" "INPCK"
2082 "ISTRIP" "IXOFF" "IXON" "PARMRK"
2083 "c_lflag" field values
2085 "ECHO" "ECHOE" "ECHOK" "ECHONL" "ICANON" "IEXTEN" "ISIG"
2086 "NOFLSH" "TOSTOP"
2087 "c_oflag" field values
2089 "OPOST"
2090
2092 Constants
2093 "_PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED" "_PC_LINK_MAX" "_PC_MAX_CANON"
2094 "_PC_MAX_INPUT" "_PC_NAME_MAX" "_PC_NO_TRUNC" "_PC_PATH_MAX"
2095 "_PC_PIPE_BUF" "_PC_VDISABLE"
2096
2098 Constants
2099 "_POSIX_ARG_MAX" "_POSIX_CHILD_MAX" "_POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED"
2100 "_POSIX_JOB_CONTROL" "_POSIX_LINK_MAX" "_POSIX_MAX_CANON"
2101 "_POSIX_MAX_INPUT" "_POSIX_NAME_MAX" "_POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX"
2102 "_POSIX_NO_TRUNC" "_POSIX_OPEN_MAX" "_POSIX_PATH_MAX"
2103 "_POSIX_PIPE_BUF" "_POSIX_SAVED_IDS" "_POSIX_SSIZE_MAX"
2104 "_POSIX_STREAM_MAX" "_POSIX_TZNAME_MAX" "_POSIX_VDISABLE"
2105 "_POSIX_VERSION"
2106
2108 Constants
2109 "_SC_ARG_MAX" "_SC_CHILD_MAX" "_SC_CLK_TCK" "_SC_JOB_CONTROL"
2110 "_SC_NGROUPS_MAX" "_SC_OPEN_MAX" "_SC_PAGESIZE" "_SC_SAVED_IDS"
2111 "_SC_STREAM_MAX" "_SC_TZNAME_MAX" "_SC_VERSION"
2112
2114 Constants
2115 "E2BIG" "EACCES" "EADDRINUSE" "EADDRNOTAVAIL" "EAFNOSUPPORT"
2116 "EAGAIN" "EALREADY" "EBADF" "EBADMSG" "EBUSY" "ECANCELED"
2117 "ECHILD" "ECONNABORTED" "ECONNREFUSED" "ECONNRESET" "EDEADLK"
2118 "EDESTADDRREQ" "EDOM" "EDQUOT" "EEXIST" "EFAULT" "EFBIG"
2119 "EHOSTDOWN" "EHOSTUNREACH" "EIDRM" "EILSEQ" "EINPROGRESS"
2120 "EINTR" "EINVAL" "EIO" "EISCONN" "EISDIR" "ELOOP" "EMFILE"
2121 "EMLINK" "EMSGSIZE" "ENAMETOOLONG" "ENETDOWN" "ENETRESET"
2122 "ENETUNREACH" "ENFILE" "ENOBUFS" "ENODATA" "ENODEV" "ENOENT"
2123 "ENOEXEC" "ENOLCK" "ENOLINK" "ENOMEM" "ENOMSG" "ENOPROTOOPT"
2124 "ENOSPC" "ENOSR" "ENOSTR" "ENOSYS" "ENOTBLK" "ENOTCONN"
2125 "ENOTDIR" "ENOTEMPTY" "ENOTRECOVERABLE" "ENOTSOCK" "ENOTSUP"
2126 "ENOTTY" "ENXIO" "EOPNOTSUPP" "EOTHER" "EOVERFLOW" "EOWNERDEAD"
2127 "EPERM" "EPFNOSUPPORT" "EPIPE" "EPROCLIM" "EPROTO"
2128 "EPROTONOSUPPORT" "EPROTOTYPE" "ERANGE" "EREMOTE" "ERESTART"
2129 "EROFS" "ESHUTDOWN" "ESOCKTNOSUPPORT" "ESPIPE" "ESRCH" "ESTALE"
2130 "ETIME" "ETIMEDOUT" "ETOOMANYREFS" "ETXTBSY" "EUSERS"
2131 "EWOULDBLOCK" "EXDEV"
2132
2134 Constants
2135 "FD_CLOEXEC" "F_DUPFD" "F_GETFD" "F_GETFL" "F_GETLK" "F_OK"
2136 "F_RDLCK" "F_SETFD" "F_SETFL" "F_SETLK" "F_SETLKW" "F_UNLCK"
2137 "F_WRLCK" "O_ACCMODE" "O_APPEND" "O_CREAT" "O_EXCL" "O_NOCTTY"
2138 "O_NONBLOCK" "O_RDONLY" "O_RDWR" "O_TRUNC" "O_WRONLY"
2139
2141 Constants
2142 "DBL_DIG" "DBL_EPSILON" "DBL_MANT_DIG" "DBL_MAX"
2143 "DBL_MAX_10_EXP" "DBL_MAX_EXP" "DBL_MIN" "DBL_MIN_10_EXP"
2144 "DBL_MIN_EXP" "FLT_DIG" "FLT_EPSILON" "FLT_MANT_DIG" "FLT_MAX"
2145 "FLT_MAX_10_EXP" "FLT_MAX_EXP" "FLT_MIN" "FLT_MIN_10_EXP"
2146 "FLT_MIN_EXP" "FLT_RADIX" "FLT_ROUNDS" "LDBL_DIG"
2147 "LDBL_EPSILON" "LDBL_MANT_DIG" "LDBL_MAX" "LDBL_MAX_10_EXP"
2148 "LDBL_MAX_EXP" "LDBL_MIN" "LDBL_MIN_10_EXP" "LDBL_MIN_EXP"
2149
2151 Constants
2152 "FE_DOWNWARD" "FE_TONEAREST" "FE_TOWARDZERO" "FE_UPWARD" on
2153 systems that support them.
2154
2156 Constants
2157 "ARG_MAX" "CHAR_BIT" "CHAR_MAX" "CHAR_MIN" "CHILD_MAX"
2158 "INT_MAX" "INT_MIN" "LINK_MAX" "LONG_MAX" "LONG_MIN"
2159 "MAX_CANON" "MAX_INPUT" "MB_LEN_MAX" "NAME_MAX" "NGROUPS_MAX"
2160 "OPEN_MAX" "PATH_MAX" "PIPE_BUF" "SCHAR_MAX" "SCHAR_MIN"
2161 "SHRT_MAX" "SHRT_MIN" "SSIZE_MAX" "STREAM_MAX" "TZNAME_MAX"
2162 "UCHAR_MAX" "UINT_MAX" "ULONG_MAX" "USHRT_MAX"
2163
2165 Constants
2166 "LC_ALL" "LC_COLLATE" "LC_CTYPE" "LC_MONETARY" "LC_NUMERIC"
2167 "LC_TIME" "LC_MESSAGES" on systems that support them.
2168
2170 Constants
2171 "HUGE_VAL"
2172 "FP_ILOGB0" "FP_ILOGBNAN" "FP_INFINITE" "FP_NAN" "FP_NORMAL"
2174 "FP_SUBNORMAL" "FP_ZERO" "INFINITY" "NAN" "Inf" "NaN" "M_1_PI"
2175 "M_2_PI" "M_2_SQRTPI" "M_E" "M_LN10" "M_LN2" "M_LOG10E"
2176 "M_LOG2E" "M_PI" "M_PI_2" "M_PI_4" "M_SQRT1_2" "M_SQRT2" on
2177 systems with C99 support.
2178
2180 Constants
2181 "SA_NOCLDSTOP" "SA_NOCLDWAIT" "SA_NODEFER" "SA_ONSTACK"
2182 "SA_RESETHAND" "SA_RESTART" "SA_SIGINFO" "SIGABRT" "SIGALRM"
2183 "SIGCHLD" "SIGCONT" "SIGFPE" "SIGHUP" "SIGILL" "SIGINT"
2184 "SIGKILL" "SIGPIPE" "SIGQUIT" "SIGSEGV" "SIGSTOP" "SIGTERM"
2185 "SIGTSTP" "SIGTTIN" "SIGTTOU" "SIGUSR1" "SIGUSR2" "SIG_BLOCK"
2186 "SIG_DFL" "SIG_ERR" "SIG_IGN" "SIG_SETMASK" "SIG_UNBLOCK"
2187 "ILL_ILLOPC" "ILL_ILLOPN" "ILL_ILLADR" "ILL_ILLTRP"
2188 "ILL_PRVOPC" "ILL_PRVREG" "ILL_COPROC" "ILL_BADSTK"
2189 "FPE_INTDIV" "FPE_INTOVF" "FPE_FLTDIV" "FPE_FLTOVF"
2190 "FPE_FLTUND" "FPE_FLTRES" "FPE_FLTINV" "FPE_FLTSUB"
2191 "SEGV_MAPERR" "SEGV_ACCERR" "BUS_ADRALN" "BUS_ADRERR"
2192 "BUS_OBJERR" "TRAP_BRKPT" "TRAP_TRACE" "CLD_EXITED"
2193 "CLD_KILLED" "CLD_DUMPED" "CLD_TRAPPED" "CLD_STOPPED"
2194 "CLD_CONTINUED" "POLL_IN" "POLL_OUT" "POLL_MSG" "POLL_ERR"
2195 "POLL_PRI" "POLL_HUP" "SI_USER" "SI_QUEUE" "SI_TIMER"
2196 "SI_ASYNCIO" "SI_MESGQ"
2197
2199 Constants
2200 "S_IRGRP" "S_IROTH" "S_IRUSR" "S_IRWXG" "S_IRWXO" "S_IRWXU"
2201 "S_ISGID" "S_ISUID" "S_IWGRP" "S_IWOTH" "S_IWUSR" "S_IXGRP"
2202 "S_IXOTH" "S_IXUSR"
2203 Macros "S_ISBLK" "S_ISCHR" "S_ISDIR" "S_ISFIFO" "S_ISREG"
2205
2207 Constants
2208 "EXIT_FAILURE" "EXIT_SUCCESS" "MB_CUR_MAX" "RAND_MAX"
2209
2211 Constants
2212 "BUFSIZ" "EOF" "FILENAME_MAX" "L_ctermid" "L_cuserid" "TMP_MAX"
2213
2215 Constants
2216 "CLK_TCK" "CLOCKS_PER_SEC"
2217
2219 Constants
2220 "R_OK" "SEEK_CUR" "SEEK_END" "SEEK_SET" "STDIN_FILENO"
2221 "STDOUT_FILENO" "STDERR_FILENO" "W_OK" "X_OK"
2222
2224 Constants
2225 "WNOHANG" "WUNTRACED"
2226 "WNOHANG" Do not suspend the calling process until a
2228 child process changes state but instead return
2229 immediately.
2230 "WUNTRACED" Catch stopped child processes.
2232 Macros "WIFEXITED" "WEXITSTATUS" "WIFSIGNALED" "WTERMSIG" "WIFSTOPPED"
2234 "WSTOPSIG"
2235 "WIFEXITED" "WIFEXITED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})" returns
2237 true if the child process exited normally
2238 ("exit()" or by falling off the end of
2239 "main()")
2240 "WEXITSTATUS" "WEXITSTATUS(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})" returns
2242 the normal exit status of the child process
2243 (only meaningful if
2244 "WIFEXITED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})" is true)
2245 "WIFSIGNALED" "WIFSIGNALED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})" returns
2247 true if the child process terminated because of
2248 a signal
2249 "WTERMSIG" "WTERMSIG(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})" returns the
2251 signal the child process terminated for (only
2252 meaningful if
2253 "WIFSIGNALED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})" is true)
2254 "WIFSTOPPED" "WIFSTOPPED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})" returns
2256 true if the child process is currently stopped
2257 (can happen only if you specified the WUNTRACED
2258 flag to "waitpid()")
2259 "WSTOPSIG" "WSTOPSIG(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})" returns the
2261 signal the child process was stopped for (only
2262 meaningful if
2263 "WIFSTOPPED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})" is true)
2264
2266 (Windows only.)
2267 Constants
2269 "WSAEINTR" "WSAEBADF" "WSAEACCES" "WSAEFAULT" "WSAEINVAL"
2270 "WSAEMFILE" "WSAEWOULDBLOCK" "WSAEINPROGRESS" "WSAEALREADY"
2271 "WSAENOTSOCK" "WSAEDESTADDRREQ" "WSAEMSGSIZE" "WSAEPROTOTYPE"
2272 "WSAENOPROTOOPT" "WSAEPROTONOSUPPORT" "WSAESOCKTNOSUPPORT"
2273 "WSAEOPNOTSUPP" "WSAEPFNOSUPPORT" "WSAEAFNOSUPPORT"
2274 "WSAEADDRINUSE" "WSAEADDRNOTAVAIL" "WSAENETDOWN"
2275 "WSAENETUNREACH" "WSAENETRESET" "WSAECONNABORTED"
2276 "WSAECONNRESET" "WSAENOBUFS" "WSAEISCONN" "WSAENOTCONN"
2277 "WSAESHUTDOWN" "WSAETOOMANYREFS" "WSAETIMEDOUT"
2278 "WSAECONNREFUSED" "WSAELOOP" "WSAENAMETOOLONG" "WSAEHOSTDOWN"
2279 "WSAEHOSTUNREACH" "WSAENOTEMPTY" "WSAEPROCLIM" "WSAEUSERS"
2280 "WSAEDQUOT" "WSAESTALE" "WSAEREMOTE" "WSAEDISCON" "WSAENOMORE"
2281 "WSAECANCELLED" "WSAEINVALIDPROCTABLE" "WSAEINVALIDPROVIDER"
2282 "WSAEPROVIDERFAILEDINIT" "WSAEREFUSED"
2283perl v5.26.3 2018-03-23 POSIX(3pm)