1POSIX(3pm) Perl Programmers Reference Guide POSIX(3pm)
2
6 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
7
9 use POSIX;
10 use POSIX qw(setsid);
11 use POSIX qw(:errno_h :fcntl_h);
12 printf "EINTR is %d\n", EINTR;
14 $sess_id = POSIX::setsid();
16 $fd = POSIX::open($path, O_CREAT⎪O_EXCL⎪O_WRONLY, 0644);
18 # note: that's a filedescriptor, *NOT* a filehandle
19
21 The POSIX module permits you to access all (or nearly all) the standard
22 POSIX 1003.1 identifiers. Many of these identifiers have been given
23 Perl-ish interfaces.
24 Everything is exported by default with the exception of any POSIX func‐
26 tions with the same name as a built-in Perl function, such as "abs",
27 "alarm", "rmdir", "write", etc.., which will be exported only if you
28 ask for them explicitly. This is an unfortunate backwards compatibil‐
29 ity feature. You can stop the exporting by saying "use POSIX ()" and
30 then use the fully qualified names (ie. "POSIX::SEEK_END").
31 This document gives a condensed list of the features available in the
33 POSIX module. Consult your operating system's manpages for general
34 information on most features. Consult perlfunc for functions which are
35 noted as being identical to Perl's builtin functions.
36 The first section describes POSIX functions from the 1003.1 specifica‐
38 tion. The second section describes some classes for signal objects,
39 TTY objects, and other miscellaneous objects. The remaining sections
40 list various constants and macros in an organization which roughly fol‐
41 lows IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993.
42
44 The POSIX module is probably the most complex Perl module supplied with
45 the standard distribution. It incorporates autoloading, namespace
46 games, and dynamic loading of code that's in Perl, C, or both. It's a
47 great source of wisdom.
48
50 A few functions are not implemented because they are C specific. If
51 you attempt to call these, they will print a message telling you that
52 they aren't implemented, and suggest using the Perl equivalent should
53 one exist. For example, trying to access the setjmp() call will elicit
54 the message "setjmp() is C-specific: use eval {} instead".
55 Furthermore, some evil vendors will claim 1003.1 compliance, but in
57 fact are not so: they will not pass the PCTS (POSIX Compliance Test
58 Suites). For example, one vendor may not define EDEADLK, or the seman‐
59 tics of the errno values set by open(2) might not be quite right. Perl
60 does not attempt to verify POSIX compliance. That means you can cur‐
61 rently successfully say "use POSIX", and then later in your program
62 you find that your vendor has been lax and there's no usable ICANON
63 macro after all. This could be construed to be a bug.
64
66 _exit This is identical to the C function "_exit()". It exits the
67 program immediately which means among other things buffered I/O
68 is not flushed.
69 Note that when using threads and in Linux this is not a good
71 way to exit a thread because in Linux processes and threads are
72 kind of the same thing (Note: while this is the situation in
73 early 2003 there are projects under way to have threads with
74 more POSIXly semantics in Linux). If you want not to return
75 from a thread, detach the thread.
76 abort This is identical to the C function "abort()". It terminates
78 the process with a "SIGABRT" signal unless caught by a signal
79 handler or if the handler does not return normally (it e.g.
80 does a "longjmp").
81 abs This is identical to Perl's builtin "abs()" function, returning
83 the absolute value of its numerical argument.
84 access Determines the accessibility of a file.
86 if( POSIX::access( "/", &POSIX::R_OK ) ){
88 print "have read permission\n";
89 }
90 Returns "undef" on failure. Note: do not use "access()" for
92 security purposes. Between the "access()" call and the opera‐
93 tion you are preparing for the permissions might change: a
94 classic race condition.
95 acos This is identical to the C function "acos()", returning the
97 arcus cosine of its numerical argument. See also Math::Trig.
98 alarm This is identical to Perl's builtin "alarm()" function, either
100 for arming or disarming the "SIGARLM" timer.
101 asctime This is identical to the C function "asctime()". It returns a
103 string of the form
104 "Fri Jun 2 18:22:13 2000\n\0"
106 and it is called thusly
108 $asctime = asctime($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year,
110 $wday, $yday, $isdst);
111 The $mon is zero-based: January equals 0. The $year is
113 1900-based: 2001 equals 101. The $wday, $yday, and $isdst
114 default to zero (and the first two are usually ignored anyway).
115 asin This is identical to the C function "asin()", returning the
117 arcus sine of its numerical argument. See also Math::Trig.
118 assert Unimplemented, but you can use "die" in perlfunc and the Carp
120 module to achieve similar things.
121 atan This is identical to the C function "atan()", returning the
123 arcus tangent of its numerical argument. See also Math::Trig.
124 atan2 This is identical to Perl's builtin "atan2()" function, return‐
126 ing the arcus tangent defined by its two numerical arguments,
127 the y coordinate and the x coordinate. See also Math::Trig.
128 atexit atexit() is C-specific: use "END {}" instead, see perlsub.
130 atof atof() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers trans‐
132 parently. If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a
133 zero to it.
134 atoi atoi() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers trans‐
136 parently. If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a
137 zero to it. If you need to have just the integer part, see
138 "int" in perlfunc.
139 atol atol() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers trans‐
141 parently. If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a
142 zero to it. If you need to have just the integer part, see
143 "int" in perlfunc.
144 bsearch bsearch() not supplied. For doing binary search on wordlists,
146 see Search::Dict.
147 calloc calloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transpar‐
149 ently.
150 ceil This is identical to the C function "ceil()", returning the
152 smallest integer value greater than or equal to the given
153 numerical argument.
154 chdir This is identical to Perl's builtin "chdir()" function, allow‐
156 ing one to change the working (default) directory, see "chdir"
157 in perlfunc.
158 chmod This is identical to Perl's builtin "chmod()" function, allow‐
160 ing one to change file and directory permissions, see "chmod"
161 in perlfunc.
162 chown This is identical to Perl's builtin "chown()" function, allow‐
164 ing one to change file and directory owners and groups, see
165 "chown" in perlfunc.
166 clearerr
168 Use the method "IO::Handle::clearerr()" instead, to reset the
169 error state (if any) and EOF state (if any) of the given
170 stream.
171 clock This is identical to the C function "clock()", returning the
173 amount of spent processor time in microseconds.
174 close Close the file. This uses file descriptors such as those
176 obtained by calling "POSIX::open".
177 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
179 POSIX::close( $fd );
180 Returns "undef" on failure.
182 See also "close" in perlfunc.
184 closedir
186 This is identical to Perl's builtin "closedir()" function for
187 closing a directory handle, see "closedir" in perlfunc.
188 cos This is identical to Perl's builtin "cos()" function, for
190 returning the cosine of its numerical argument, see "cos" in
191 perlfunc. See also Math::Trig.
192 cosh This is identical to the C function "cosh()", for returning the
194 hyperbolic cosine of its numeric argument. See also
195 Math::Trig.
196 creat Create a new file. This returns a file descriptor like the
198 ones returned by "POSIX::open". Use "POSIX::close" to close
199 the file.
200 $fd = POSIX::creat( "foo", 0611 );
202 POSIX::close( $fd );
203 See also "sysopen" in perlfunc and its "O_CREAT" flag.
205 ctermid Generates the path name for the controlling terminal.
207 $path = POSIX::ctermid();
209 ctime This is identical to the C function "ctime()" and equivalent to
211 "asctime(localtime(...))", see "asctime" and "localtime".
212 cuserid Get the login name of the owner of the current process.
214 $name = POSIX::cuserid();
216 difftime
218 This is identical to the C function "difftime()", for returning
219 the time difference (in seconds) between two times (as returned
220 by "time()"), see "time".
221 div div() is C-specific, use "int" in perlfunc on the usual "/"
223 division and the modulus "%".
224 dup This is similar to the C function "dup()", for duplicating a
226 file descriptor.
227 This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
229 "POSIX::open".
230 Returns "undef" on failure.
232 dup2 This is similar to the C function "dup2()", for duplicating a
234 file descriptor to an another known file descriptor.
235 This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
237 "POSIX::open".
238 Returns "undef" on failure.
240 errno Returns the value of errno.
242 $errno = POSIX::errno();
244 This identical to the numerical values of the $!, see "$ERRNO"
246 in perlvar.
247 execl execl() is C-specific, see "exec" in perlfunc.
249 execle execle() is C-specific, see "exec" in perlfunc.
251 execlp execlp() is C-specific, see "exec" in perlfunc.
253 execv execv() is C-specific, see "exec" in perlfunc.
255 execve execve() is C-specific, see "exec" in perlfunc.
257 execvp execvp() is C-specific, see "exec" in perlfunc.
259 exit This is identical to Perl's builtin "exit()" function for exit‐
261 ing the program, see "exit" in perlfunc.
262 exp This is identical to Perl's builtin "exp()" function for
264 returning the exponent (e-based) of the numerical argument, see
265 "exp" in perlfunc.
266 fabs This is identical to Perl's builtin "abs()" function for
268 returning the absolute value of the numerical argument, see
269 "abs" in perlfunc.
270 fclose Use method "IO::Handle::close()" instead, or see "close" in
272 perlfunc.
273 fcntl This is identical to Perl's builtin "fcntl()" function, see
275 "fcntl" in perlfunc.
276 fdopen Use method "IO::Handle::new_from_fd()" instead, or see "open"
278 in perlfunc.
279 feof Use method "IO::Handle::eof()" instead, or see "eof" in perl‐
281 func.
282 ferror Use method "IO::Handle::error()" instead.
284 fflush Use method "IO::Handle::flush()" instead. See also "$OUT‐
286 PUT_AUTOFLUSH" in perlvar.
287 fgetc Use method "IO::Handle::getc()" instead, or see "read" in perl‐
289 func.
290 fgetpos Use method "IO::Seekable::getpos()" instead, or see "seek" in
292 L.
293 fgets Use method "IO::Handle::gets()" instead. Similar to <>, also
295 known as "readline" in perlfunc.
296 fileno Use method "IO::Handle::fileno()" instead, or see "fileno" in
298 perlfunc.
299 floor This is identical to the C function "floor()", returning the
301 largest integer value less than or equal to the numerical argu‐
302 ment.
303 fmod This is identical to the C function "fmod()".
305 $r = fmod($x, $y);
307 It returns the remainder "$r = $x - $n*$y", where "$n =
309 trunc($x/$y)". The $r has the same sign as $x and magnitude
310 (absolute value) less than the magnitude of $y.
311 fopen Use method "IO::File::open()" instead, or see "open" in perl‐
313 func.
314 fork This is identical to Perl's builtin "fork()" function for
316 duplicating the current process, see "fork" in perlfunc and
317 perlfork if you are in Windows.
318 fpathconf
320 Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or direc‐
321 tory. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by
322 calling "POSIX::open".
323 The following will determine the maximum length of the longest
325 allowable pathname on the filesystem which holds "/var/foo".
326 $fd = POSIX::open( "/var/foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
328 $path_max = POSIX::fpathconf( $fd, &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
329 Returns "undef" on failure.
331 fprintf fprintf() is C-specific, see "printf" in perlfunc instead.
333 fputc fputc() is C-specific, see "print" in perlfunc instead.
335 fputs fputs() is C-specific, see "print" in perlfunc instead.
337 fread fread() is C-specific, see "read" in perlfunc instead.
339 free free() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transpar‐
341 ently.
342 freopen freopen() is C-specific, see "open" in perlfunc instead.
344 frexp Return the mantissa and exponent of a floating-point number.
346 ($mantissa, $exponent) = POSIX::frexp( 1.234e56 );
348 fscanf fscanf() is C-specific, use <> and regular expressions instead.
350 fseek Use method "IO::Seekable::seek()" instead, or see "seek" in
352 perlfunc.
353 fsetpos Use method "IO::Seekable::setpos()" instead, or seek "seek" in
355 perlfunc.
356 fstat Get file status. This uses file descriptors such as those
358 obtained by calling "POSIX::open". The data returned is iden‐
359 tical to the data from Perl's builtin "stat" function.
360 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
362 @stats = POSIX::fstat( $fd );
363 fsync Use method "IO::Handle::sync()" instead.
365 ftell Use method "IO::Seekable::tell()" instead, or see "tell" in
367 perlfunc.
368 fwrite fwrite() is C-specific, see "print" in perlfunc instead.
370 getc This is identical to Perl's builtin "getc()" function, see
372 "getc" in perlfunc.
373 getchar Returns one character from STDIN. Identical to Perl's
375 "getc()", see "getc" in perlfunc.
376 getcwd Returns the name of the current working directory. See also
378 Cwd.
379 getegid Returns the effective group identifier. Similar to Perl' s
381 builtin variable $(, see "$EGID" in perlvar.
382 getenv Returns the value of the specified environment variable. The
384 same information is available through the %ENV array.
385 geteuid Returns the effective user identifier. Identical to Perl's
387 builtin $> variable, see "$EUID" in perlvar.
388 getgid Returns the user's real group identifier. Similar to Perl's
390 builtin variable $), see "$GID" in perlvar.
391 getgrgid
393 This is identical to Perl's builtin "getgrgid()" function for
394 returning group entries by group identifiers, see "getgrgid" in
395 perlfunc.
396 getgrnam
398 This is identical to Perl's builtin "getgrnam()" function for
399 returning group entries by group names, see "getgrnam" in perl‐
400 func.
401 getgroups
403 Returns the ids of the user's supplementary groups. Similar to
404 Perl's builtin variable $), see "$GID" in perlvar.
405 getlogin
407 This is identical to Perl's builtin "getlogin()" function for
408 returning the user name associated with the current session,
409 see "getlogin" in perlfunc.
410 getpgrp This is identical to Perl's builtin "getpgrp()" function for
412 returning the process group identifier of the current process,
413 see "getpgrp" in perlfunc.
414 getpid Returns the process identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin
416 variable $$, see "$PID" in perlvar.
417 getppid This is identical to Perl's builtin "getppid()" function for
419 returning the process identifier of the parent process of the
420 current process , see "getppid" in perlfunc.
421 getpwnam
423 This is identical to Perl's builtin "getpwnam()" function for
424 returning user entries by user names, see "getpwnam" in perl‐
425 func.
426 getpwuid
428 This is identical to Perl's builtin "getpwuid()" function for
429 returning user entries by user identifiers, see "getpwuid" in
430 perlfunc.
431 gets Returns one line from "STDIN", similar to <>, also known as the
433 "readline()" function, see "readline" in perlfunc.
434 NOTE: if you have C programs that still use "gets()", be very
436 afraid. The "gets()" function is a source of endless grief
437 because it has no buffer overrun checks. It should never be
438 used. The "fgets()" function should be preferred instead.
439 getuid Returns the user's identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin $<
441 variable, see "$UID" in perlvar.
442 gmtime This is identical to Perl's builtin "gmtime()" function for
444 converting seconds since the epoch to a date in Greenwich Mean
445 Time, see "gmtime" in perlfunc.
446 isalnum This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply
448 to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
449 settings may affect what characters are considered "isalnum".
450 Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher.
451 Consider using regular expressions and the "/[[:alnum:]]/" con‐
452 struct instead, or possibly the "/\w/" construct.
453 isalpha This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply
455 to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
456 settings may affect what characters are considered "isalpha".
457 Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher.
458 Consider using regular expressions and the "/[[:alpha:]]/" con‐
459 struct instead.
460 isatty Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified filehandle
462 is connected to a tty. Similar to the "-t" operator, see "-X"
463 in perlfunc.
464 iscntrl This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply
466 to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
467 settings may affect what characters are considered "iscntrl".
468 Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher.
469 Consider using regular expressions and the "/[[:cntrl:]]/" con‐
470 struct instead.
471 isdigit This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply
473 to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
474 settings may affect what characters are considered "isdigit"
475 (unlikely, but still possible). Does not work on Unicode char‐
476 acters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
477 expressions and the "/[[:digit:]]/" construct instead, or the
478 "/\d/" construct.
479 isgraph This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply
481 to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
482 settings may affect what characters are considered "isgraph".
483 Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher.
484 Consider using regular expressions and the "/[[:graph:]]/" con‐
485 struct instead.
486 islower This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply
488 to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
489 settings may affect what characters are considered "islower".
490 Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher.
491 Consider using regular expressions and the "/[[:lower:]]/" con‐
492 struct instead. Do not use "/[a-z]/".
493 isprint This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply
495 to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
496 settings may affect what characters are considered "isprint".
497 Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher.
498 Consider using regular expressions and the "/[[:print:]]/" con‐
499 struct instead.
500 ispunct This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply
502 to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
503 settings may affect what characters are considered "ispunct".
504 Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher.
505 Consider using regular expressions and the "/[[:punct:]]/" con‐
506 struct instead.
507 isspace This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply
509 to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
510 settings may affect what characters are considered "isspace".
511 Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher.
512 Consider using regular expressions and the "/[[:space:]]/" con‐
513 struct instead, or the "/\s/" construct. (Note that "/\s/" and
514 "/[[:space:]]/" are slightly different in that "/[[:space:]]/"
515 can normally match a vertical tab, while "/\s/" does not.)
516 isupper This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply
518 to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
519 settings may affect what characters are considered "isupper".
520 Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher.
521 Consider using regular expressions and the "/[[:upper:]]/" con‐
522 struct instead. Do not use "/[A-Z]/".
523 isxdigit
525 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply
526 to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
527 settings may affect what characters are considered "isxdigit"
528 (unlikely, but still possible). Does not work on Unicode char‐
529 acters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
530 expressions and the "/[[:xdigit:]]/" construct instead, or sim‐
531 ply "/[0-9a-f]/i".
532 kill This is identical to Perl's builtin "kill()" function for send‐
534 ing signals to processes (often to terminate them), see "kill"
535 in perlfunc.
536 labs (For returning absolute values of long integers.) labs() is
538 C-specific, see "abs" in perlfunc instead.
539 ldexp This is identical to the C function "ldexp()" for multiplying
541 floating point numbers with powers of two.
542 $x_quadrupled = POSIX::ldexp($x, 2);
544 ldiv (For computing dividends of long integers.) ldiv() is C-spe‐
546 cific, use "/" and "int()" instead.
547 link This is identical to Perl's builtin "link()" function for cre‐
549 ating hard links into files, see "link" in perlfunc.
550 localeconv
552 Get numeric formatting information. Returns a reference to a
553 hash containing the current locale formatting values.
554 Here is how to query the database for the de (Deutsch or Ger‐
556 man) locale.
557 $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "de" );
559 print "Locale = $loc\n";
560 $lconv = POSIX::localeconv();
561 print "decimal_point = ", $lconv->{decimal_point}, "\n";
562 print "thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{thousands_sep}, "\n";
563 print "grouping = ", $lconv->{grouping}, "\n";
564 print "int_curr_symbol = ", $lconv->{int_curr_symbol}, "\n";
565 print "currency_symbol = ", $lconv->{currency_symbol}, "\n";
566 print "mon_decimal_point = ", $lconv->{mon_decimal_point}, "\n";
567 print "mon_thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{mon_thousands_sep}, "\n";
568 print "mon_grouping = ", $lconv->{mon_grouping}, "\n";
569 print "positive_sign = ", $lconv->{positive_sign}, "\n";
570 print "negative_sign = ", $lconv->{negative_sign}, "\n";
571 print "int_frac_digits = ", $lconv->{int_frac_digits}, "\n";
572 print "frac_digits = ", $lconv->{frac_digits}, "\n";
573 print "p_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{p_cs_precedes}, "\n";
574 print "p_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{p_sep_by_space}, "\n";
575 print "n_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{n_cs_precedes}, "\n";
576 print "n_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{n_sep_by_space}, "\n";
577 print "p_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{p_sign_posn}, "\n";
578 print "n_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{n_sign_posn}, "\n";
579 localtime
581 This is identical to Perl's builtin "localtime()" function for
582 converting seconds since the epoch to a date see "localtime" in
583 perlfunc.
584 log This is identical to Perl's builtin "log()" function, returning
586 the natural (e-based) logarithm of the numerical argument, see
587 "log" in perlfunc.
588 log10 This is identical to the C function "log10()", returning the
590 10-base logarithm of the numerical argument. You can also use
591 sub log10 { log($_[0]) / log(10) }
593 or
595 sub log10 { log($_[0]) / 2.30258509299405 }
597 or
599 sub log10 { log($_[0]) * 0.434294481903252 }
601 longjmp longjmp() is C-specific: use "die" in perlfunc instead.
603 lseek Move the file's read/write position. This uses file descrip‐
605 tors such as those obtained by calling "POSIX::open".
606 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
608 $off_t = POSIX::lseek( $fd, 0, &POSIX::SEEK_SET );
609 Returns "undef" on failure.
611 malloc malloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transpar‐
613 ently.
614 mblen This is identical to the C function "mblen()". Perl does not
616 have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of the C
617 standards, so this might be a rather useless function.
618 mbstowcs
620 This is identical to the C function "mbstowcs()". Perl does
621 not have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of
622 the C standards, so this might be a rather useless function.
623 mbtowc This is identical to the C function "mbtowc()". Perl does not
625 have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of the C
626 standards, so this might be a rather useless function.
627 memchr memchr() is C-specific, see "index" in perlfunc instead.
629 memcmp memcmp() is C-specific, use "eq" instead, see perlop.
631 memcpy memcpy() is C-specific, use "=", see perlop, or see "substr" in
633 perlfunc.
634 memmove memmove() is C-specific, use "=", see perlop, or see "substr"
636 in perlfunc.
637 memset memset() is C-specific, use "x" instead, see perlop.
639 mkdir This is identical to Perl's builtin "mkdir()" function for cre‐
641 ating directories, see "mkdir" in perlfunc.
642 mkfifo This is similar to the C function "mkfifo()" for creating FIFO
644 special files.
645 if (mkfifo($path, $mode)) { ....
647 Returns "undef" on failure. The $mode is similar to the mode
649 of "mkdir()", see "mkdir" in perlfunc.
650 mktime Convert date/time info to a calendar time.
652 Synopsis:
654 mktime(sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = 0, yday = 0, isdst = 0)
656 The month ("mon"), weekday ("wday"), and yearday ("yday") begin
658 at zero. I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January
659 1st is 0, not 1. The year ("year") is given in years since
660 1900. I.e. The year 1995 is 95; the year 2001 is 101. Consult
661 your system's "mktime()" manpage for details about these and
662 the other arguments.
663 Calendar time for December 12, 1995, at 10:30 am.
665 $time_t = POSIX::mktime( 0, 30, 10, 12, 11, 95 );
667 print "Date = ", POSIX::ctime($time_t);
668 Returns "undef" on failure.
670 modf Return the integral and fractional parts of a floating-point
672 number.
673 ($fractional, $integral) = POSIX::modf( 3.14 );
675 nice This is similar to the C function "nice()", for changing the
677 scheduling preference of the current process. Positive argu‐
678 ments mean more polite process, negative values more needy
679 process. Normal user processes can only be more polite.
680 Returns "undef" on failure.
682 offsetof
684 offsetof() is C-specific, you probably want to see "pack" in
685 perlfunc instead.
686 open Open a file for reading for writing. This returns file
688 descriptors, not Perl filehandles. Use "POSIX::close" to close
689 the file.
690 Open a file read-only with mode 0666.
692 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo" );
694 Open a file for read and write.
696 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDWR );
698 Open a file for write, with truncation.
700 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY ⎪ &POSIX::O_TRUNC );
702 Create a new file with mode 0640. Set up the file for writing.
704 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_CREAT ⎪ &POSIX::O_WRONLY, 0640 );
706 Returns "undef" on failure.
708 See also "sysopen" in perlfunc.
710 opendir Open a directory for reading.
712 $dir = POSIX::opendir( "/var" );
714 @files = POSIX::readdir( $dir );
715 POSIX::closedir( $dir );
716 Returns "undef" on failure.
718 pathconf
720 Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or direc‐
721 tory.
722 The following will determine the maximum length of the longest
724 allowable pathname on the filesystem which holds "/var".
725 $path_max = POSIX::pathconf( "/var", &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
727 Returns "undef" on failure.
729 pause This is similar to the C function "pause()", which suspends the
731 execution of the current process until a signal is received.
732 Returns "undef" on failure.
734 perror This is identical to the C function "perror()", which outputs
736 to the standard error stream the specified message followed by
737 ": " and the current error string. Use the "warn()" function
738 and the $! variable instead, see "warn" in perlfunc and
739 "$ERRNO" in perlvar.
740 pipe Create an interprocess channel. This returns file descriptors
742 like those returned by "POSIX::open".
743 my ($read, $write) = POSIX::pipe();
745 POSIX::write( $write, "hello", 5 );
746 POSIX::read( $read, $buf, 5 );
747 See also "pipe" in perlfunc.
749 pow Computes $x raised to the power $exponent.
751 $ret = POSIX::pow( $x, $exponent );
753 You can also use the "**" operator, see perlop.
755 printf Formats and prints the specified arguments to STDOUT. See also
757 "printf" in perlfunc.
758 putc putc() is C-specific, see "print" in perlfunc instead.
760 putchar putchar() is C-specific, see "print" in perlfunc instead.
762 puts puts() is C-specific, see "print" in perlfunc instead.
764 qsort qsort() is C-specific, see "sort" in perlfunc instead.
766 raise Sends the specified signal to the current process. See also
768 "kill" in perlfunc and the $$ in "$PID" in perlvar.
769 rand "rand()" is non-portable, see "rand" in perlfunc instead.
771 read Read from a file. This uses file descriptors such as those
773 obtained by calling "POSIX::open". If the buffer $buf is not
774 large enough for the read then Perl will extend it to make room
775 for the request.
776 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
778 $bytes = POSIX::read( $fd, $buf, 3 );
779 Returns "undef" on failure.
781 See also "sysread" in perlfunc.
783 readdir This is identical to Perl's builtin "readdir()" function for
785 reading directory entries, see "readdir" in perlfunc.
786 realloc realloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transpar‐
788 ently.
789 remove This is identical to Perl's builtin "unlink()" function for
791 removing files, see "unlink" in perlfunc.
792 rename This is identical to Perl's builtin "rename()" function for
794 renaming files, see "rename" in perlfunc.
795 rewind Seeks to the beginning of the file.
797 rewinddir
799 This is identical to Perl's builtin "rewinddir()" function for
800 rewinding directory entry streams, see "rewinddir" in perlfunc.
801 rmdir This is identical to Perl's builtin "rmdir()" function for
803 removing (empty) directories, see "rmdir" in perlfunc.
804 scanf scanf() is C-specific, use <> and regular expressions instead,
806 see perlre.
807 setgid Sets the real group identifier and the effective group identi‐
809 fier for this process. Similar to assigning a value to the
810 Perl's builtin $) variable, see "$GID" in perlvar, except that
811 the latter will change only the real user identifier, and that
812 the setgid() uses only a single numeric argument, as opposed to
813 a space-separated list of numbers.
814 setjmp "setjmp()" is C-specific: use "eval {}" instead, see "eval" in
816 perlfunc.
817 setlocale
819 Modifies and queries program's locale. The following examples
820 assume
821 use POSIX qw(setlocale LC_ALL LC_CTYPE);
823 has been issued.
825 The following will set the traditional UNIX system locale
827 behavior (the second argument "C").
828 $loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "C" );
830 The following will query the current LC_CTYPE category. (No
832 second argument means 'query'.)
833 $loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE );
835 The following will set the LC_CTYPE behaviour according to the
837 locale environment variables (the second argument ""). Please
838 see your systems setlocale(3) documentation for the locale
839 environment variables' meaning or consult perllocale.
840 $loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE, "" );
842 The following will set the LC_COLLATE behaviour to Argentinian
844 Spanish. NOTE: The naming and availability of locales depends
845 on your operating system. Please consult perllocale for how to
846 find out which locales are available in your system.
847 $loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "es_AR.ISO8859-1" );
849 setpgid This is similar to the C function "setpgid()" for setting the
851 process group identifier of the current process.
852 Returns "undef" on failure.
854 setsid This is identical to the C function "setsid()" for setting the
856 session identifier of the current process.
857 setuid Sets the real user identifier and the effective user identifier
859 for this process. Similar to assigning a value to the Perl's
860 builtin $< variable, see "$UID" in perlvar, except that the
861 latter will change only the real user identifier.
862 sigaction
864 Detailed signal management. This uses "POSIX::SigAction"
865 objects for the "action" and "oldaction" arguments. Consult
866 your system's "sigaction" manpage for details.
867 Synopsis:
869 sigaction(signal, action, oldaction = 0)
871 Returns "undef" on failure. The "signal" must be a number
873 (like SIGHUP), not a string (like "SIGHUP"), though Perl does
874 try hard to understand you.
875 siglongjmp
877 siglongjmp() is C-specific: use "die" in perlfunc instead.
878 sigpending
880 Examine signals that are blocked and pending. This uses
881 "POSIX::SigSet" objects for the "sigset" argument. Consult
882 your system's "sigpending" manpage for details.
883 Synopsis:
885 sigpending(sigset)
887 Returns "undef" on failure.
889 sigprocmask
891 Change and/or examine calling process's signal mask. This uses
892 "POSIX::SigSet" objects for the "sigset" and "oldsigset" argu‐
893 ments. Consult your system's "sigprocmask" manpage for
894 details.
895 Synopsis:
897 sigprocmask(how, sigset, oldsigset = 0)
899 Returns "undef" on failure.
901 sigsetjmp
903 "sigsetjmp()" is C-specific: use "eval {}" instead, see "eval"
904 in perlfunc.
905 sigsuspend
907 Install a signal mask and suspend process until signal arrives.
908 This uses "POSIX::SigSet" objects for the "signal_mask" argu‐
909 ment. Consult your system's "sigsuspend" manpage for details.
910 Synopsis:
912 sigsuspend(signal_mask)
914 Returns "undef" on failure.
916 sin This is identical to Perl's builtin "sin()" function for
918 returning the sine of the numerical argument, see "sin" in
919 perlfunc. See also Math::Trig.
920 sinh This is identical to the C function "sinh()" for returning the
922 hyperbolic sine of the numerical argument. See also
923 Math::Trig.
924 sleep This is functionally identical to Perl's builtin "sleep()"
926 function for suspending the execution of the current for
927 process for certain number of seconds, see "sleep" in perlfunc.
928 There is one significant difference, however: "POSIX::sleep()"
929 returns the number of unslept seconds, while the
930 "CORE::sleep()" returns the number of slept seconds.
931 sprintf This is similar to Perl's builtin "sprintf()" function for
933 returning a string that has the arguments formatted as
934 requested, see "sprintf" in perlfunc.
935 sqrt This is identical to Perl's builtin "sqrt()" function. for
937 returning the square root of the numerical argument, see "sqrt"
938 in perlfunc.
939 srand Give a seed the pseudorandom number generator, see "srand" in
941 perlfunc.
942 sscanf sscanf() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, see
944 perlre.
945 stat This is identical to Perl's builtin "stat()" function for
947 returning information about files and directories.
948 strcat strcat() is C-specific, use ".=" instead, see perlop.
950 strchr strchr() is C-specific, see "index" in perlfunc instead.
952 strcmp strcmp() is C-specific, use "eq" or "cmp" instead, see perlop.
954 strcoll This is identical to the C function "strcoll()" for collating
956 (comparing) strings transformed using the "strxfrm()" function.
957 Not really needed since Perl can do this transparently, see
958 perllocale.
959 strcpy strcpy() is C-specific, use "=" instead, see perlop.
961 strcspn strcspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, see
963 perlre.
964 strerror
966 Returns the error string for the specified errno. Identical to
967 the string form of the $!, see "$ERRNO" in perlvar.
968 strftime
970 Convert date and time information to string. Returns the
971 string.
972 Synopsis:
974 strftime(fmt, sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1)
976 The month ("mon"), weekday ("wday"), and yearday ("yday") begin
978 at zero. I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January
979 1st is 0, not 1. The year ("year") is given in years since
980 1900. I.e., the year 1995 is 95; the year 2001 is 101. Con‐
981 sult your system's "strftime()" manpage for details about these
982 and the other arguments.
983 If you want your code to be portable, your format ("fmt") argu‐
985 ment should use only the conversion specifiers defined by the
986 ANSI C standard (C89, to play safe). These are "aAbBcdHIjmMp‐
987 SUwWxXyYZ%". But even then, the results of some of the conver‐
988 sion specifiers are non-portable. For example, the specifiers
989 "aAbBcpZ" change according to the locale settings of the user,
990 and both how to set locales (the locale names) and what output
991 to expect are non-standard. The specifier "c" changes accord‐
992 ing to the timezone settings of the user and the timezone com‐
993 putation rules of the operating system. The "Z" specifier is
994 notoriously unportable since the names of timezones are
995 non-standard. Sticking to the numeric specifiers is the safest
996 route.
997 The given arguments are made consistent as though by calling
999 "mktime()" before calling your system's "strftime()" function,
1000 except that the "isdst" value is not affected.
1001 The string for Tuesday, December 12, 1995.
1003 $str = POSIX::strftime( "%A, %B %d, %Y", 0, 0, 0, 12, 11, 95, 2 );
1005 print "$str\n";
1006 strlen strlen() is C-specific, use "length()" instead, see "length" in
1008 perlfunc.
1009 strncat strncat() is C-specific, use ".=" instead, see perlop.
1011 strncmp strncmp() is C-specific, use "eq" instead, see perlop.
1013 strncpy strncpy() is C-specific, use "=" instead, see perlop.
1015 strpbrk strpbrk() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, see
1017 perlre.
1018 strrchr strrchr() is C-specific, see "rindex" in perlfunc instead.
1020 strspn strspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, see
1022 perlre.
1023 strstr This is identical to Perl's builtin "index()" function, see
1025 "index" in perlfunc.
1026 strtod String to double translation. Returns the parsed number and the
1028 number of characters in the unparsed portion of the string.
1029 Truly POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a
1030 translation error, so clear $! before calling strtod. However,
1031 non-POSIX systems may not check for overflow, and therefore
1032 will never set $!.
1033 strtod should respect any POSIX setlocale() settings.
1035 To parse a string $str as a floating point number use
1037 $! = 0;
1039 ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtod($str);
1040 The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid
1042 input:
1043 if (($str eq '') ⎪⎪ ($n_unparsed != 0) ⎪⎪ $!) {
1045 die "Non-numeric input $str" . ($! ? ": $!\n" : "\n");
1046 }
1047 When called in a scalar context strtod returns the parsed num‐
1049 ber.
1050 strtok strtok() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, see
1052 perlre, or "split" in perlfunc.
1053 strtol String to (long) integer translation. Returns the parsed num‐
1055 ber and the number of characters in the unparsed portion of the
1056 string. Truly POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indi‐
1057 cate a translation error, so clear $! before calling strtol.
1058 However, non-POSIX systems may not check for overflow, and
1059 therefore will never set $!.
1060 strtol should respect any POSIX setlocale() settings.
1062 To parse a string $str as a number in some base $base use
1064 $! = 0;
1066 ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtol($str, $base);
1067 The base should be zero or between 2 and 36, inclusive. When
1069 the base is zero or omitted strtol will use the string itself
1070 to determine the base: a leading "0x" or "0X" means hexadeci‐
1071 mal; a leading "0" means octal; any other leading characters
1072 mean decimal. Thus, "1234" is parsed as a decimal number,
1073 "01234" as an octal number, and "0x1234" as a hexadecimal num‐
1074 ber.
1075 The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid
1077 input:
1078 if (($str eq '') ⎪⎪ ($n_unparsed != 0) ⎪⎪ !$!) {
1080 die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n";
1081 }
1082 When called in a scalar context strtol returns the parsed num‐
1084 ber.
1085 strtoul String to unsigned (long) integer translation. strtoul() is
1087 identical to strtol() except that strtoul() only parses
1088 unsigned integers. See "strtol" for details.
1089 Note: Some vendors supply strtod() and strtol() but not str‐
1091 toul(). Other vendors that do supply strtoul() parse "-1" as a
1092 valid value.
1093 strxfrm String transformation. Returns the transformed string.
1095 $dst = POSIX::strxfrm( $src );
1097 Used in conjunction with the "strcoll()" function, see "str‐
1099 coll".
1100 Not really needed since Perl can do this transparently, see
1102 perllocale.
1103 sysconf Retrieves values of system configurable variables.
1105 The following will get the machine's clock speed.
1107 $clock_ticks = POSIX::sysconf( &POSIX::_SC_CLK_TCK );
1109 Returns "undef" on failure.
1111 system This is identical to Perl's builtin "system()" function, see
1113 "system" in perlfunc.
1114 tan This is identical to the C function "tan()", returning the tan‐
1116 gent of the numerical argument. See also Math::Trig.
1117 tanh This is identical to the C function "tanh()", returning the
1119 hyperbolic tangent of the numerical argument. See also
1120 Math::Trig.
1121 tcdrain This is similar to the C function "tcdrain()" for draining the
1123 output queue of its argument stream.
1124 Returns "undef" on failure.
1126 tcflow This is similar to the C function "tcflow()" for controlling
1128 the flow of its argument stream.
1129 Returns "undef" on failure.
1131 tcflush This is similar to the C function "tcflush()" for flushing the
1133 I/O buffers of its argument stream.
1134 Returns "undef" on failure.
1136 tcgetpgrp
1138 This is identical to the C function "tcgetpgrp()" for returning
1139 the process group identifier of the foreground process group of
1140 the controlling terminal.
1141 tcsendbreak
1143 This is similar to the C function "tcsendbreak()" for sending a
1144 break on its argument stream.
1145 Returns "undef" on failure.
1147 tcsetpgrp
1149 This is similar to the C function "tcsetpgrp()" for setting the
1150 process group identifier of the foreground process group of the
1151 controlling terminal.
1152 Returns "undef" on failure.
1154 time This is identical to Perl's builtin "time()" function for
1156 returning the number of seconds since the epoch (whatever it is
1157 for the system), see "time" in perlfunc.
1158 times The times() function returns elapsed realtime since some point
1160 in the past (such as system startup), user and system times for
1161 this process, and user and system times used by child pro‐
1162 cesses. All times are returned in clock ticks.
1163 ($realtime, $user, $system, $cuser, $csystem) = POSIX::times();
1165 Note: Perl's builtin "times()" function returns four values,
1167 measured in seconds.
1168 tmpfile Use method "IO::File::new_tmpfile()" instead, or see
1170 File::Temp.
1171 tmpnam Returns a name for a temporary file.
1173 $tmpfile = POSIX::tmpnam();
1175 For security reasons, which are probably detailed in your sys‐
1177 tem's documentation for the C library tmpnam() function, this
1178 interface should not be used; instead see File::Temp.
1179 tolower This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply
1181 to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using the
1182 "lc()" function, see "lc" in perlfunc, or the equivalent "\L"
1183 operator inside doublequotish strings.
1184 toupper This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply
1186 to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using the
1187 "uc()" function, see "uc" in perlfunc, or the equivalent "\U"
1188 operator inside doublequotish strings.
1189 ttyname This is identical to the C function "ttyname()" for returning
1191 the name of the current terminal.
1192 tzname Retrieves the time conversion information from the "tzname"
1194 variable.
1195 POSIX::tzset();
1197 ($std, $dst) = POSIX::tzname();
1198 tzset This is identical to the C function "tzset()" for setting the
1200 current timezone based on the environment variable "TZ", to be
1201 used by "ctime()", "localtime()", "mktime()", and "strftime()"
1202 functions.
1203 umask This is identical to Perl's builtin "umask()" function for set‐
1205 ting (and querying) the file creation permission mask, see
1206 "umask" in perlfunc.
1207 uname Get name of current operating system.
1209 ($sysname, $nodename, $release, $version, $machine) = POSIX::uname();
1211 Note that the actual meanings of the various fields are not
1213 that well standardized, do not expect any great portability.
1214 The $sysname might be the name of the operating system, the
1215 $nodename might be the name of the host, the $release might be
1216 the (major) release number of the operating system, the $ver‐
1217 sion might be the (minor) release number of the operating sys‐
1218 tem, and the $machine might be a hardware identifier. Maybe.
1219 ungetc Use method "IO::Handle::ungetc()" instead.
1221 unlink This is identical to Perl's builtin "unlink()" function for
1223 removing files, see "unlink" in perlfunc.
1224 utime This is identical to Perl's builtin "utime()" function for
1226 changing the time stamps of files and directories, see "utime"
1227 in perlfunc.
1228 vfprintf
1230 vfprintf() is C-specific, see "printf" in perlfunc instead.
1231 vprintf vprintf() is C-specific, see "printf" in perlfunc instead.
1233 vsprintf
1235 vsprintf() is C-specific, see "sprintf" in perlfunc instead.
1236 wait This is identical to Perl's builtin "wait()" function, see
1238 "wait" in perlfunc.
1239 waitpid Wait for a child process to change state. This is identical to
1241 Perl's builtin "waitpid()" function, see "waitpid" in perlfunc.
1242 $pid = POSIX::waitpid( -1, POSIX::WNOHANG );
1244 print "status = ", ($? / 256), "\n";
1245 wcstombs
1247 This is identical to the C function "wcstombs()". Perl does
1248 not have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of
1249 the C standards, so this might be a rather useless function.
1250 wctomb This is identical to the C function "wctomb()". Perl does not
1252 have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of the C
1253 standards, so this might be a rather useless function.
1254 write Write to a file. This uses file descriptors such as those
1256 obtained by calling "POSIX::open".
1257 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY );
1259 $buf = "hello";
1260 $bytes = POSIX::write( $b, $buf, 5 );
1261 Returns "undef" on failure.
1263 See also "syswrite" in perlfunc.
1265
1267 POSIX::SigAction
1268 new Creates a new "POSIX::SigAction" object which corresponds to
1270 the C "struct sigaction". This object will be destroyed auto‐
1271 matically when it is no longer needed. The first parameter is
1272 the fully-qualified name of a sub which is a signal-handler.
1273 The second parameter is a "POSIX::SigSet" object, it defaults
1274 to the empty set. The third parameter contains the "sa_flags",
1275 it defaults to 0.
1276 $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGQUIT);
1278 $sigaction = POSIX::SigAction->new( \&main::handler, $sigset, &POSIX::SA_NOCLDSTOP );
1279 This "POSIX::SigAction" object is intended for use with the
1281 "POSIX::sigaction()" function.
1282 handler
1284 mask
1285 flags accessor functions to get/set the values of a SigAction object.
1286 $sigset = $sigaction->mask;
1288 $sigaction->flags(&POSIX::SA_RESTART);
1289 safe accessor function for the "safe signals" flag of a SigAction
1291 object; see perlipc for general information on safe (a.k.a.
1292 "deferred") signals. If you wish to handle a signal safely,
1293 use this accessor to set the "safe" flag in the "POSIX::SigAc‐
1294 tion" object:
1295 $sigaction->safe(1);
1297 You may also examine the "safe" flag on the output action
1299 object which is filled in when given as the third parameter to
1300 "POSIX::sigaction()":
1301 sigaction(SIGINT, $new_action, $old_action);
1303 if ($old_action->safe) {
1304 # previous SIGINT handler used safe signals
1305 }
1306 POSIX::SigSet
1308 new Create a new SigSet object. This object will be destroyed
1310 automatically when it is no longer needed. Arguments may be
1311 supplied to initialize the set.
1312 Create an empty set.
1314 $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new;
1316 Create a set with SIGUSR1.
1318 $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 );
1320 addset Add a signal to a SigSet object.
1322 $sigset->addset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
1324 Returns "undef" on failure.
1326 delset Remove a signal from the SigSet object.
1328 $sigset->delset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
1330 Returns "undef" on failure.
1332 emptyset
1334 Initialize the SigSet object to be empty.
1335 $sigset->emptyset();
1337 Returns "undef" on failure.
1339 fillset Initialize the SigSet object to include all signals.
1341 $sigset->fillset();
1343 Returns "undef" on failure.
1345 ismember
1347 Tests the SigSet object to see if it contains a specific sig‐
1348 nal.
1349 if( $sigset->ismember( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ) ){
1351 print "contains SIGUSR1\n";
1352 }
1353 POSIX::Termios
1355 new Create a new Termios object. This object will be destroyed
1357 automatically when it is no longer needed. A Termios object
1358 corresponds to the termios C struct. new() mallocs a new one,
1359 getattr() fills it from a file descriptor, and setattr() sets a
1360 file descriptor's parameters to match Termios' contents.
1361 $termios = POSIX::Termios->new;
1363 getattr Get terminal control attributes.
1365 Obtain the attributes for stdin.
1367 $termios->getattr()
1369 Obtain the attributes for stdout.
1371 $termios->getattr( 1 )
1373 Returns "undef" on failure.
1375 getcc Retrieve a value from the c_cc field of a termios object. The
1377 c_cc field is an array so an index must be specified.
1378 $c_cc[1] = $termios->getcc(1);
1380 getcflag
1382 Retrieve the c_cflag field of a termios object.
1383 $c_cflag = $termios->getcflag;
1385 getiflag
1387 Retrieve the c_iflag field of a termios object.
1388 $c_iflag = $termios->getiflag;
1390 getispeed
1392 Retrieve the input baud rate.
1393 $ispeed = $termios->getispeed;
1395 getlflag
1397 Retrieve the c_lflag field of a termios object.
1398 $c_lflag = $termios->getlflag;
1400 getoflag
1402 Retrieve the c_oflag field of a termios object.
1403 $c_oflag = $termios->getoflag;
1405 getospeed
1407 Retrieve the output baud rate.
1408 $ospeed = $termios->getospeed;
1410 setattr Set terminal control attributes.
1412 Set attributes immediately for stdout.
1414 $termios->setattr( 1, &POSIX::TCSANOW );
1416 Returns "undef" on failure.
1418 setcc Set a value in the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc
1420 field is an array so an index must be specified.
1421 $termios->setcc( &POSIX::VEOF, 1 );
1423 setcflag
1425 Set the c_cflag field of a termios object.
1426 $termios->setcflag( $c_cflag ⎪ &POSIX::CLOCAL );
1428 setiflag
1430 Set the c_iflag field of a termios object.
1431 $termios->setiflag( $c_iflag ⎪ &POSIX::BRKINT );
1433 setispeed
1435 Set the input baud rate.
1436 $termios->setispeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
1438 Returns "undef" on failure.
1440 setlflag
1442 Set the c_lflag field of a termios object.
1443 $termios->setlflag( $c_lflag ⎪ &POSIX::ECHO );
1445 setoflag
1447 Set the c_oflag field of a termios object.
1448 $termios->setoflag( $c_oflag ⎪ &POSIX::OPOST );
1450 setospeed
1452 Set the output baud rate.
1453 $termios->setospeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
1455 Returns "undef" on failure.
1457 Baud rate values
1459 B38400 B75 B200 B134 B300 B1800 B150 B0 B19200 B1200 B9600 B600
1460 B4800 B50 B2400 B110
1461 Terminal interface values
1463 TCSADRAIN TCSANOW TCOON TCIOFLUSH TCOFLUSH TCION TCIFLUSH
1464 TCSAFLUSH TCIOFF TCOOFF
1465 c_cc field values
1467 VEOF VEOL VERASE VINTR VKILL VQUIT VSUSP VSTART VSTOP VMIN
1468 VTIME NCCS
1469 c_cflag field values
1471 CLOCAL CREAD CSIZE CS5 CS6 CS7 CS8 CSTOPB HUPCL PARENB PARODD
1472 c_iflag field values
1474 BRKINT ICRNL IGNBRK IGNCR IGNPAR INLCR INPCK ISTRIP IXOFF IXON
1475 PARMRK
1476 c_lflag field values
1478 ECHO ECHOE ECHOK ECHONL ICANON IEXTEN ISIG NOFLSH TOSTOP
1479 c_oflag field values
1481 OPOST
1482
1484 Constants
1485 _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _PC_LINK_MAX _PC_MAX_CANON _PC_MAX_INPUT
1486 _PC_NAME_MAX _PC_NO_TRUNC _PC_PATH_MAX _PC_PIPE_BUF _PC_VDIS‐
1487 ABLE
1488
1490 Constants
1491 _POSIX_ARG_MAX _POSIX_CHILD_MAX _POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED
1492 _POSIX_JOB_CONTROL _POSIX_LINK_MAX _POSIX_MAX_CANON
1493 _POSIX_MAX_INPUT _POSIX_NAME_MAX _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX
1494 _POSIX_NO_TRUNC _POSIX_OPEN_MAX _POSIX_PATH_MAX _POSIX_PIPE_BUF
1495 _POSIX_SAVED_IDS _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX _POSIX_STREAM_MAX
1496 _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX _POSIX_VDISABLE _POSIX_VERSION
1497
1499 Constants
1500 _SC_ARG_MAX _SC_CHILD_MAX _SC_CLK_TCK _SC_JOB_CONTROL
1501 _SC_NGROUPS_MAX _SC_OPEN_MAX _SC_PAGESIZE _SC_SAVED_IDS
1502 _SC_STREAM_MAX _SC_TZNAME_MAX _SC_VERSION
1503
1505 Constants
1506 E2BIG EACCES EADDRINUSE EADDRNOTAVAIL EAFNOSUPPORT EAGAIN EAL‐
1507 READY EBADF EBUSY ECHILD ECONNABORTED ECONNREFUSED ECONNRESET
1508 EDEADLK EDESTADDRREQ EDOM EDQUOT EEXIST EFAULT EFBIG EHOSTDOWN
1509 EHOSTUNREACH EINPROGRESS EINTR EINVAL EIO EISCONN EISDIR ELOOP
1510 EMFILE EMLINK EMSGSIZE ENAMETOOLONG ENETDOWN ENETRESET ENETUN‐
1511 REACH ENFILE ENOBUFS ENODEV ENOENT ENOEXEC ENOLCK ENOMEM ENO‐
1512 PROTOOPT ENOSPC ENOSYS ENOTBLK ENOTCONN ENOTDIR ENOTEMPTY ENOT‐
1513 SOCK ENOTTY ENXIO EOPNOTSUPP EPERM EPFNOSUPPORT EPIPE EPROCLIM
1514 EPROTONOSUPPORT EPROTOTYPE ERANGE EREMOTE ERESTART EROFS ESHUT‐
1515 DOWN ESOCKTNOSUPPORT ESPIPE ESRCH ESTALE ETIMEDOUT ETOOMANYREFS
1516 ETXTBSY EUSERS EWOULDBLOCK EXDEV
1517
1519 Constants
1520 FD_CLOEXEC F_DUPFD F_GETFD F_GETFL F_GETLK F_OK F_RDLCK F_SETFD
1521 F_SETFL F_SETLK F_SETLKW F_UNLCK F_WRLCK O_ACCMODE O_APPEND
1522 O_CREAT O_EXCL O_NOCTTY O_NONBLOCK O_RDONLY O_RDWR O_TRUNC
1523 O_WRONLY
1524
1526 Constants
1527 DBL_DIG DBL_EPSILON DBL_MANT_DIG DBL_MAX DBL_MAX_10_EXP
1528 DBL_MAX_EXP DBL_MIN DBL_MIN_10_EXP DBL_MIN_EXP FLT_DIG
1529 FLT_EPSILON FLT_MANT_DIG FLT_MAX FLT_MAX_10_EXP FLT_MAX_EXP
1530 FLT_MIN FLT_MIN_10_EXP FLT_MIN_EXP FLT_RADIX FLT_ROUNDS
1531 LDBL_DIG LDBL_EPSILON LDBL_MANT_DIG LDBL_MAX LDBL_MAX_10_EXP
1532 LDBL_MAX_EXP LDBL_MIN LDBL_MIN_10_EXP LDBL_MIN_EXP
1533
1535 Constants
1536 ARG_MAX CHAR_BIT CHAR_MAX CHAR_MIN CHILD_MAX INT_MAX INT_MIN
1537 LINK_MAX LONG_MAX LONG_MIN MAX_CANON MAX_INPUT MB_LEN_MAX
1538 NAME_MAX NGROUPS_MAX OPEN_MAX PATH_MAX PIPE_BUF SCHAR_MAX
1539 SCHAR_MIN SHRT_MAX SHRT_MIN SSIZE_MAX STREAM_MAX TZNAME_MAX
1540 UCHAR_MAX UINT_MAX ULONG_MAX USHRT_MAX
1541
1543 Constants
1544 LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME
1545
1547 Constants
1548 HUGE_VAL
1549
1551 Constants
1552 SA_NOCLDSTOP SA_NOCLDWAIT SA_NODEFER SA_ONSTACK SA_RESETHAND
1553 SA_RESTART SA_SIGINFO SIGABRT SIGALRM SIGCHLD SIGCONT SIGFPE
1554 SIGHUP SIGILL SIGINT SIGKILL SIGPIPE SIGQUIT SIGSEGV SIGSTOP
1555 SIGTERM SIGTSTP SIGTTIN SIGTTOU SIGUSR1 SIGUSR2 SIG_BLOCK
1556 SIG_DFL SIG_ERR SIG_IGN SIG_SETMASK SIG_UNBLOCK
1557
1559 Constants
1560 S_IRGRP S_IROTH S_IRUSR S_IRWXG S_IRWXO S_IRWXU S_ISGID S_ISUID
1561 S_IWGRP S_IWOTH S_IWUSR S_IXGRP S_IXOTH S_IXUSR
1562 Macros S_ISBLK S_ISCHR S_ISDIR S_ISFIFO S_ISREG
1564
1566 Constants
1567 EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS MB_CUR_MAX RAND_MAX
1568
1570 Constants
1571 BUFSIZ EOF FILENAME_MAX L_ctermid L_cuserid L_tmpname TMP_MAX
1572
1574 Constants
1575 CLK_TCK CLOCKS_PER_SEC
1576
1578 Constants
1579 R_OK SEEK_CUR SEEK_END SEEK_SET STDIN_FILENO STDOUT_FILENO
1580 STDERR_FILENO W_OK X_OK
1581
1583 Constants
1584 WNOHANG WUNTRACED
1585 WNOHANG Do not suspend the calling process until a
1587 child process changes state but instead return
1588 immediately.
1589 WUNTRACED Catch stopped child processes.
1591 Macros WIFEXITED WEXITSTATUS WIFSIGNALED WTERMSIG WIFSTOPPED WSTOPSIG
1593 WIFEXITED WIFEXITED($?) returns true if the child process
1595 exited normally ("exit()" or by falling off the
1596 end of "main()")
1597 WEXITSTATUS WEXITSTATUS($?) returns the normal exit status
1599 of the child process (only meaningful if WIFEX‐
1600 ITED($?) is true)
1601 WIFSIGNALED WIFSIGNALED($?) returns true if the child
1603 process terminated because of a signal
1604 WTERMSIG WTERMSIG($?) returns the signal the child
1606 process terminated for (only meaningful if
1607 WIFSIGNALED($?) is true)
1608 WIFSTOPPED WIFSTOPPED($?) returns true if the child
1610 process is currently stopped (can happen only
1611 if you specified the WUNTRACED flag to wait‐
1612 pid())
1613 WSTOPSIG WSTOPSIG($?) returns the signal the child
1615 process was stopped for (only meaningful if
1616 WIFSTOPPED($?) is true)
1617perl v5.8.8 2001-09-21 POSIX(3pm)