1PERLMODLIB(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLMODLIB(1)
2
6 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
7
9 Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are
10 described below, and all end in .pm. You may discover compiled library
11 files (usually ending in .so) or small pieces of modules to be
12 autoloaded (ending in .al); these were automatically generated by the
13 installation process. You may also discover files in the library
14 directory that end in either .pl or .ph. These are old libraries
15 supplied so that old programs that use them still run. The .pl files
16 will all eventually be converted into standard modules, and the .ph
17 files made by h2ph will probably end up as extension modules made by
18 h2xs. (Some .ph values may already be available through the POSIX,
19 Errno, or Fcntl modules.) The pl2pm file in the distribution may help
20 in your conversion, but it's just a mechanical process and therefore
21 far from bulletproof.
22 Pragmatic Modules
24 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
25 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
26 work well only when used within a "use", or "no". Most of these are
27 lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them by saying:
28 no integer;
30 no strict 'refs';
31 no warnings;
32 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
34 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the $^H
36 hints variable. Others affect the current package instead, like "use
37 vars" and "use subs", which allow you to predeclare a variables or
38 subroutines within a particular file rather than just a block. Such
39 declarations are effective for the entire file for which they were
40 declared. You cannot rescind them with "no vars" or "no subs".
41 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
43 arybase Set indexing base via $[
45 attributes Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
47 autodie Replace functions with ones that succeed or die with
49 lexical scope
50 autodie::exception
52 Exceptions from autodying functions.
53 autodie::exception::system
55 Exceptions from autodying system().
56 autodie::hints
58 Provide hints about user subroutines to autodie
59 autodie::skip
61 Skip a package when throwing autodie exceptions
62 autouse Postpone load of modules until a function is used
64 base Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile
66 time
67 bigint Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
69 bignum Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
71 bigrat Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
73 blib Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
75 bytes Expose the individual bytes of characters
77 charnames Access to Unicode character names and named character
79 sequences; also define character names
80 constant Declare constants
82 deprecate Perl pragma for deprecating the core version of a module
84 diagnostics Produce verbose warning diagnostics
86 encoding Allows you to write your script in non-ASCII and non-UTF-8
88 encoding::warnings
90 Warn on implicit encoding conversions
91 experimental
93 Experimental features made easy
94 feature Enable new features
96 fields Compile-time class fields
98 filetest Control the filetest permission operators
100 if "use" a Perl module if a condition holds (also can "no" a
102 module)
103 integer Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
105 less Request less of something
107 lib Manipulate @INC at compile time
109 locale Use or avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
111 mro Method Resolution Order
113 ok Alternative to Test::More::use_ok
115 open Set default PerlIO layers for input and output
117 ops Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
119 overload Package for overloading Perl operations
121 overloading Lexically control overloading
123 parent Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile
125 time
126 re Alter regular expression behaviour
128 sigtrap Enable simple signal handling
130 sort Control sort() behaviour
132 strict Restrict unsafe constructs
134 subs Predeclare sub names
136 threads Perl interpreter-based threads
138 threads::shared
140 Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads
141 utf8 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
143 vars Predeclare global variable names
145 version Perl extension for Version Objects
147 vmsish Control VMS-specific language features
149 warnings::register
151 Warnings import function
152 Standard Modules
154 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
155 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
156 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
157 It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
159 system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
160 don't have the gdbm library.
161 Amiga::ARexx
163 Perl extension for ARexx support
164 Amiga::Exec Perl extension for low level amiga support
166 AnyDBM_File Provide framework for multiple DBMs
168 App::Cpan Easily interact with CPAN from the command line
170 App::Prove Implements the "prove" command.
172 App::Prove::State
174 State storage for the "prove" command.
175 App::Prove::State::Result
177 Individual test suite results.
178 App::Prove::State::Result::Test
180 Individual test results.
181 Archive::Tar
183 Module for manipulations of tar archives
184 Archive::Tar::File
186 A subclass for in-memory extracted file from Archive::Tar
187 Attribute::Handlers
189 Simpler definition of attribute handlers
190 AutoLoader Load subroutines only on demand
192 AutoSplit Split a package for autoloading
194 B The Perl Compiler Backend
196 B::Concise Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
198 B::Debug Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
200 B::Deparse Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
202 B::Op_private
204 OP op_private flag definitions
205 B::Showlex Show lexical variables used in functions or files
207 B::Terse Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
209 B::Xref Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
211 Benchmark Benchmark running times of Perl code
213 "IO::Socket::IP"
215 Family-neutral IP socket supporting both IPv4 and IPv6
216 "Socket" Networking constants and support functions
218 CORE Namespace for Perl's core routines
220 CPAN Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
222 CPAN::API::HOWTO
224 A recipe book for programming with CPAN.pm
225 CPAN::Debug Internal debugging for CPAN.pm
227 CPAN::Distroprefs
229 Read and match distroprefs
230 CPAN::FirstTime
232 Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
233 CPAN::HandleConfig
235 Internal configuration handling for CPAN.pm
236 CPAN::Kwalify
238 Interface between CPAN.pm and Kwalify.pm
239 CPAN::Meta The distribution metadata for a CPAN dist
241 CPAN::Meta::Converter
243 Convert CPAN distribution metadata structures
244 CPAN::Meta::Feature
246 An optional feature provided by a CPAN distribution
247 CPAN::Meta::History
249 History of CPAN Meta Spec changes
250 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_0
252 Version 1.0 metadata specification for META.yml
253 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_1
255 Version 1.1 metadata specification for META.yml
256 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_2
258 Version 1.2 metadata specification for META.yml
259 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_3
261 Version 1.3 metadata specification for META.yml
262 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_4
264 Version 1.4 metadata specification for META.yml
265 CPAN::Meta::Merge
267 Merging CPAN Meta fragments
268 CPAN::Meta::Prereqs
270 A set of distribution prerequisites by phase and type
271 CPAN::Meta::Requirements
273 A set of version requirements for a CPAN dist
274 CPAN::Meta::Spec
276 Specification for CPAN distribution metadata
277 CPAN::Meta::Validator
279 Validate CPAN distribution metadata structures
280 CPAN::Meta::YAML
282 Read and write a subset of YAML for CPAN Meta files
283 CPAN::Nox Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
285 CPAN::Plugin
287 Base class for CPAN shell extensions
288 CPAN::Plugin::Specfile
290 Proof of concept implementation of a trivial CPAN::Plugin
291 CPAN::Queue Internal queue support for CPAN.pm
293 CPAN::Tarzip
295 Internal handling of tar archives for CPAN.pm
296 CPAN::Version
298 Utility functions to compare CPAN versions
299 Carp Alternative warn and die for modules
301 Class::Struct
303 Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
304 Compress::Raw::Bzip2
306 Low-Level Interface to bzip2 compression library
307 Compress::Raw::Zlib
309 Low-Level Interface to zlib compression library
310 Compress::Zlib
312 Interface to zlib compression library
313 Config Access Perl configuration information
315 Config::Perl::V
317 Structured data retrieval of perl -V output
318 Cwd Get pathname of current working directory
320 DB Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API
322 DBM_Filter Filter DBM keys/values
324 DBM_Filter::compress
326 Filter for DBM_Filter
327 DBM_Filter::encode
329 Filter for DBM_Filter
330 DBM_Filter::int32
332 Filter for DBM_Filter
333 DBM_Filter::null
335 Filter for DBM_Filter
336 DBM_Filter::utf8
338 Filter for DBM_Filter
339 DB_File Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
341 Data::Dumper
343 Stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
344 printing and "eval"
345 Devel::PPPort
347 Perl/Pollution/Portability
348 Devel::Peek A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
350 Devel::SelfStubber
352 Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
353 Digest Modules that calculate message digests
355 Digest::MD5 Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
357 Digest::SHA Perl extension for SHA-1/224/256/384/512
359 Digest::base
361 Digest base class
362 Digest::file
364 Calculate digests of files
365 DirHandle Supply object methods for directory handles
367 Dumpvalue Provides screen dump of Perl data.
369 DynaLoader Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
371 Encode Character encodings in Perl
373 Encode::Alias
375 Alias definitions to encodings
376 Encode::Byte
378 Single Byte Encodings
379 Encode::CJKConstants
381 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
382 Encode::CN China-based Chinese Encodings
384 Encode::CN::HZ
386 Internally used by Encode::CN
387 Encode::Config
389 Internally used by Encode
390 Encode::EBCDIC
392 EBCDIC Encodings
393 Encode::Encoder
395 Object Oriented Encoder
396 Encode::Encoding
398 Encode Implementation Base Class
399 Encode::GSM0338
401 ESTI GSM 03.38 Encoding
402 Encode::Guess
404 Guesses encoding from data
405 Encode::JP Japanese Encodings
407 Encode::JP::H2Z
409 Internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
410 Encode::JP::JIS7
412 Internally used by Encode::JP
413 Encode::KR Korean Encodings
415 Encode::KR::2022_KR
417 Internally used by Encode::KR
418 Encode::MIME::Header
420 MIME encoding for an unstructured email header
421 Encode::MIME::Name
423 Internally used by Encode
424 Encode::PerlIO
426 A detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
427 Encode::Supported
429 Encodings supported by Encode
430 Encode::Symbol
432 Symbol Encodings
433 Encode::TW Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
435 Encode::Unicode
437 Various Unicode Transformation Formats
438 Encode::Unicode::UTF7
440 UTF-7 encoding
441 English Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
443 variables
444 Env Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars
446 or arrays
447 Errno System errno constants
449 Exporter Implements default import method for modules
451 Exporter::Heavy
453 Exporter guts
454 ExtUtils::CBuilder
456 Compile and link C code for Perl modules
457 ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows
459 Builder class for Windows platforms
460 ExtUtils::Command
462 Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
463 ExtUtils::Command::MM
465 Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
466 ExtUtils::Constant
468 Generate XS code to import C header constants
469 ExtUtils::Constant::Base
471 Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
472 ExtUtils::Constant::Utils
474 Helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant
475 ExtUtils::Constant::XS
477 Generate C code for XS modules' constants.
478 ExtUtils::Embed
480 Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
481 ExtUtils::Install
483 Install files from here to there
484 ExtUtils::Installed
486 Inventory management of installed modules
487 ExtUtils::Liblist
489 Determine libraries to use and how to use them
490 ExtUtils::MM
492 OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
493 ExtUtils::MM::Utils
495 ExtUtils::MM methods without dependency on
496 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
497 ExtUtils::MM_AIX
499 AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
500 ExtUtils::MM_Any
502 Platform-agnostic MM methods
503 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS
505 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
506 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
508 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
509 ExtUtils::MM_DOS
511 DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
512 ExtUtils::MM_Darwin
514 Special behaviors for OS X
515 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS
517 Once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
518 ExtUtils::MM_NW5
520 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
521 ExtUtils::MM_OS2
523 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
524 ExtUtils::MM_QNX
526 QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
527 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN
529 U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
530 ExtUtils::MM_Unix
532 Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
533 ExtUtils::MM_VMS
535 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
536 ExtUtils::MM_VOS
538 VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
539 ExtUtils::MM_Win32
541 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
542 ExtUtils::MM_Win95
544 Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
545 ExtUtils::MY
547 ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
548 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
550 Create a module Makefile
551 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config
553 Wrapper around Config.pm
554 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ
556 Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker
557 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Locale
559 Bundled Encode::Locale
560 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial
562 Writing a module with MakeMaker
563 ExtUtils::Manifest
565 Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
566 ExtUtils::Miniperl
568 Write the C code for miniperlmain.c and perlmain.c
569 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
571 Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
572 ExtUtils::Mksymlists
574 Write linker options files for dynamic extension
575 ExtUtils::Packlist
577 Manage .packlist files
578 ExtUtils::ParseXS
580 Converts Perl XS code into C code
581 ExtUtils::ParseXS::Constants
583 Initialization values for some globals
584 ExtUtils::ParseXS::Eval
586 Clean package to evaluate code in
587 ExtUtils::ParseXS::Utilities
589 Subroutines used with ExtUtils::ParseXS
590 ExtUtils::Typemaps
592 Read/Write/Modify Perl/XS typemap files
593 ExtUtils::Typemaps::Cmd
595 Quick commands for handling typemaps
596 ExtUtils::Typemaps::InputMap
598 Entry in the INPUT section of a typemap
599 ExtUtils::Typemaps::OutputMap
601 Entry in the OUTPUT section of a typemap
602 ExtUtils::Typemaps::Type
604 Entry in the TYPEMAP section of a typemap
605 ExtUtils::XSSymSet
607 Keep sets of symbol names palatable to the VMS linker
608 ExtUtils::testlib
610 Add blib/* directories to @INC
611 Fatal Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
613 Fcntl Load the C Fcntl.h defines
615 File::Basename
617 Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix.
618 File::Compare
620 Compare files or filehandles
621 File::Copy Copy files or filehandles
623 File::DosGlob
625 DOS like globbing and then some
626 File::Fetch A generic file fetching mechanism
628 File::Find Traverse a directory tree.
630 File::Glob Perl extension for BSD glob routine
632 File::GlobMapper
634 Extend File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files
635 File::Path Create or remove directory trees
637 File::Spec Portably perform operations on file names
639 File::Spec::AmigaOS
641 File::Spec for AmigaOS
642 File::Spec::Cygwin
644 Methods for Cygwin file specs
645 File::Spec::Epoc
647 Methods for Epoc file specs
648 File::Spec::Functions
650 Portably perform operations on file names
651 File::Spec::Mac
653 File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
654 File::Spec::OS2
656 Methods for OS/2 file specs
657 File::Spec::Unix
659 File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
660 File::Spec::VMS
662 Methods for VMS file specs
663 File::Spec::Win32
665 Methods for Win32 file specs
666 File::Temp Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
668 File::stat By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
670 FileCache Keep more files open than the system permits
672 FileHandle Supply object methods for filehandles
674 Filter::Simple
676 Simplified source filtering
677 Filter::Util::Call
679 Perl Source Filter Utility Module
680 FindBin Locate directory of original perl script
682 GDBM_File Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
684 Getopt::Long
686 Extended processing of command line options
687 Getopt::Std Process single-character switches with switch clustering
689 HTTP::Tiny A small, simple, correct HTTP/1.1 client
691 Hash::Util A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
693 Hash::Util::FieldHash
695 Support for Inside-Out Classes
696 I18N::Collate
698 Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
699 I18N::LangTags
701 Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
702 I18N::LangTags::Detect
704 Detect the user's language preferences
705 I18N::LangTags::List
707 Tags and names for human languages
708 I18N::Langinfo
710 Query locale information
711 IO Load various IO modules
713 IO::Compress::Base
715 Base Class for IO::Compress modules
716 IO::Compress::Bzip2
718 Write bzip2 files/buffers
719 IO::Compress::Deflate
721 Write RFC 1950 files/buffers
722 IO::Compress::FAQ
724 Frequently Asked Questions about IO::Compress
725 IO::Compress::Gzip
727 Write RFC 1952 files/buffers
728 IO::Compress::RawDeflate
730 Write RFC 1951 files/buffers
731 IO::Compress::Zip
733 Write zip files/buffers
734 IO::Dir Supply object methods for directory handles
736 IO::File Supply object methods for filehandles
738 IO::Handle Supply object methods for I/O handles
740 IO::Pipe Supply object methods for pipes
742 IO::Poll Object interface to system poll call
744 IO::Seekable
746 Supply seek based methods for I/O objects
747 IO::Select OO interface to the select system call
749 IO::Socket Object interface to socket communications
751 IO::Socket::INET
753 Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
754 IO::Socket::UNIX
756 Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
757 IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate
759 Uncompress zlib-based (zip, gzip) file/buffer
760 IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress
762 Uncompress gzip, zip, bzip2 or lzop file/buffer
763 IO::Uncompress::Base
765 Base Class for IO::Uncompress modules
766 IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2
768 Read bzip2 files/buffers
769 IO::Uncompress::Gunzip
771 Read RFC 1952 files/buffers
772 IO::Uncompress::Inflate
774 Read RFC 1950 files/buffers
775 IO::Uncompress::RawInflate
777 Read RFC 1951 files/buffers
778 IO::Uncompress::Unzip
780 Read zip files/buffers
781 IO::Zlib IO:: style interface to Compress::Zlib
783 IPC::Cmd Finding and running system commands made easy
785 IPC::Msg SysV Msg IPC object class
787 IPC::Open2 Open a process for both reading and writing using open2()
789 IPC::Open3 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
791 using open3()
792 IPC::Semaphore
794 SysV Semaphore IPC object class
795 IPC::SharedMem
797 SysV Shared Memory IPC object class
798 IPC::SysV System V IPC constants and system calls
800 Internals Reserved special namespace for internals related functions
802 JSON::PP JSON::XS compatible pure-Perl module.
804 JSON::PP::Boolean
806 Dummy module providing JSON::PP::Boolean
807 List::Util A selection of general-utility list subroutines
809 List::Util::XS
811 Indicate if List::Util was compiled with a C compiler
812 Locale::Codes
814 A distribution of modules to handle locale codes
815 Locale::Codes::API
817 A description of the callable function in each module
818 Locale::Codes::Changes
820 Details changes to Locale::Codes
821 Locale::Codes::Country
823 Standard codes for country identification
824 Locale::Codes::Currency
826 Standard codes for currency identification
827 Locale::Codes::LangExt
829 Standard codes for language extension identification
830 Locale::Codes::LangFam
832 Standard codes for language extension identification
833 Locale::Codes::LangVar
835 Standard codes for language variation identification
836 Locale::Codes::Language
838 Standard codes for language identification
839 Locale::Codes::Script
841 Standard codes for script identification
842 Locale::Country
844 Standard codes for country identification
845 Locale::Currency
847 Standard codes for currency identification
848 Locale::Language
850 Standard codes for language identification
851 Locale::Maketext
853 Framework for localization
854 Locale::Maketext::Cookbook
856 Recipes for using Locale::Maketext
857 Locale::Maketext::Guts
859 Deprecated module to load Locale::Maketext utf8 code
860 Locale::Maketext::GutsLoader
862 Deprecated module to load Locale::Maketext utf8 code
863 Locale::Maketext::Simple
865 Simple interface to Locale::Maketext::Lexicon
866 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
868 Article about software localization
869 Locale::Script
871 Standard codes for script identification
872 MIME::Base64
874 Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
875 MIME::QuotedPrint
877 Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings
878 Math::BigFloat
880 Arbitrary size floating point math package
881 Math::BigInt
883 Arbitrary size integer/float math package
884 Math::BigInt::Calc
886 Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
887 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu
889 Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
890 Math::BigInt::FastCalc
892 Math::BigInt::Calc with some XS for more speed
893 Math::BigInt::Lib
895 Virtual parent class for Math::BigInt libraries
896 Math::BigRat
898 Arbitrary big rational numbers
899 Math::Complex
901 Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
902 Math::Trig Trigonometric functions
904 Memoize Make functions faster by trading space for time
906 Memoize::AnyDBM_File
908 Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
909 Memoize::Expire
911 Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
912 Memoize::ExpireFile
914 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
915 Memoize::ExpireTest
917 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
918 Memoize::NDBM_File
920 Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
921 Memoize::SDBM_File
923 Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
924 Memoize::Storable
926 Store Memoized data in Storable database
927 Module::CoreList
929 What modules shipped with versions of perl
930 Module::CoreList::Utils
932 What utilities shipped with versions of perl
933 Module::Load
935 Runtime require of both modules and files
936 Module::Load::Conditional
938 Looking up module information / loading at runtime
939 Module::Loaded
941 Mark modules as loaded or unloaded
942 Module::Metadata
944 Gather package and POD information from perl module files
945 NDBM_File Tied access to ndbm files
947 NEXT Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
949 redispatch
950 Net::Cmd Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
952 Net::Config Local configuration data for libnet
954 Net::Domain Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and
956 domain
957 Net::FTP FTP Client class
959 Net::FTP::dataconn
961 FTP Client data connection class
962 Net::NNTP NNTP Client class
964 Net::Netrc OO interface to users netrc file
966 Net::POP3 Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
968 Net::Ping Check a remote host for reachability
970 Net::SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
972 Net::Time Time and daytime network client interface
974 Net::hostent
976 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
977 Net::libnetFAQ
979 Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
980 Net::netent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
982 Net::protoent
984 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
985 Net::servent
987 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
988 O Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
990 ODBM_File Tied access to odbm files
992 Opcode Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
994 POSIX Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
996 Params::Check
998 A generic input parsing/checking mechanism.
999 Parse::CPAN::Meta
1001 Parse META.yml and META.json CPAN metadata files
1002 Perl::OSType
1004 Map Perl operating system names to generic types
1005 PerlIO On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
1007 name space
1008 PerlIO::encoding
1010 Encoding layer
1011 PerlIO::mmap
1013 Memory mapped IO
1014 PerlIO::scalar
1016 In-memory IO, scalar IO
1017 PerlIO::via Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
1019 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint
1021 PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
1022 Pod::Checker
1024 Check pod documents for syntax errors
1025 Pod::Escapes
1027 For resolving Pod E<...> sequences
1028 Pod::Find Find POD documents in directory trees
1030 Pod::Functions
1032 Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod
1033 Pod::Html Module to convert pod files to HTML
1035 Pod::InputObjects
1037 Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
1038 Pod::Man Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
1040 Pod::ParseLink
1042 Parse an L<> formatting code in POD text
1043 Pod::ParseUtils
1045 Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
1046 Pod::Parser Base class for creating POD filters and translators
1048 Pod::Perldoc
1050 Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
1051 Pod::Perldoc::BaseTo
1053 Base for Pod::Perldoc formatters
1054 Pod::Perldoc::GetOptsOO
1056 Customized option parser for Pod::Perldoc
1057 Pod::Perldoc::ToANSI
1059 Render Pod with ANSI color escapes
1060 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker
1062 Let Perldoc check Pod for errors
1063 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan
1065 Let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
1066 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff
1068 Let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
1069 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod
1071 Let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
1072 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf
1074 Let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
1075 Pod::Perldoc::ToTerm
1077 Render Pod with terminal escapes
1078 Pod::Perldoc::ToText
1080 Let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
1081 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk
1083 Let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
1084 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml
1086 Let Perldoc render Pod as XML
1087 Pod::PlainText
1089 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
1090 Pod::Select Extract selected sections of POD from input
1092 Pod::Simple Framework for parsing Pod
1094 Pod::Simple::Checker
1096 Check the Pod syntax of a document
1097 Pod::Simple::Debug
1099 Put Pod::Simple into trace/debug mode
1100 Pod::Simple::DumpAsText
1102 Dump Pod-parsing events as text
1103 Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML
1105 Turn Pod into XML
1106 Pod::Simple::HTML
1108 Convert Pod to HTML
1109 Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch
1111 Convert several Pod files to several HTML files
1112 Pod::Simple::LinkSection
1114 Represent "section" attributes of L codes
1115 Pod::Simple::Methody
1117 Turn Pod::Simple events into method calls
1118 Pod::Simple::PullParser
1120 A pull-parser interface to parsing Pod
1121 Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken
1123 End-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1124 Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken
1126 Start-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1127 Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken
1129 Text-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1130 Pod::Simple::PullParserToken
1132 Tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1133 Pod::Simple::RTF
1135 Format Pod as RTF
1136 Pod::Simple::Search
1138 Find POD documents in directory trees
1139 Pod::Simple::SimpleTree
1141 Parse Pod into a simple parse tree
1142 Pod::Simple::Subclassing
1144 Write a formatter as a Pod::Simple subclass
1145 Pod::Simple::Text
1147 Format Pod as plaintext
1148 Pod::Simple::TextContent
1150 Get the text content of Pod
1151 Pod::Simple::XHTML
1153 Format Pod as validating XHTML
1154 Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream
1156 Turn Pod into XML
1157 Pod::Text Convert POD data to formatted text
1159 Pod::Text::Color
1161 Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
1162 Pod::Text::Termcap
1164 Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
1165 Pod::Usage Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
1167 SDBM_File Tied access to sdbm files
1169 Safe Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
1171 Scalar::Util
1173 A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
1174 Search::Dict
1176 Look - search for key in dictionary file
1177 SelectSaver Save and restore selected file handle
1179 SelfLoader Load functions only on demand
1181 Storable Persistence for Perl data structures
1183 Sub::Util A selection of utility subroutines for subs and CODE
1185 references
1186 Symbol Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
1188 Sys::Hostname
1190 Try every conceivable way to get hostname
1191 Sys::Syslog Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
1193 Sys::Syslog::Win32
1195 Win32 support for Sys::Syslog
1196 TAP::Base Base class that provides common functionality to
1198 TAP::Parser
1199 TAP::Formatter::Base
1201 Base class for harness output delegates
1202 TAP::Formatter::Color
1204 Run Perl test scripts with color
1205 TAP::Formatter::Console
1207 Harness output delegate for default console output
1208 TAP::Formatter::Console::ParallelSession
1210 Harness output delegate for parallel console output
1211 TAP::Formatter::Console::Session
1213 Harness output delegate for default console output
1214 TAP::Formatter::File
1216 Harness output delegate for file output
1217 TAP::Formatter::File::Session
1219 Harness output delegate for file output
1220 TAP::Formatter::Session
1222 Abstract base class for harness output delegate
1223 TAP::Harness
1225 Run test scripts with statistics
1226 TAP::Harness::Env
1228 Parsing harness related environmental variables where
1229 appropriate
1230 TAP::Object Base class that provides common functionality to all
1232 "TAP::*" modules
1233 TAP::Parser Parse TAP output
1235 TAP::Parser::Aggregator
1237 Aggregate TAP::Parser results
1238 TAP::Parser::Grammar
1240 A grammar for the Test Anything Protocol.
1241 TAP::Parser::Iterator
1243 Base class for TAP source iterators
1244 TAP::Parser::Iterator::Array
1246 Iterator for array-based TAP sources
1247 TAP::Parser::Iterator::Process
1249 Iterator for process-based TAP sources
1250 TAP::Parser::Iterator::Stream
1252 Iterator for filehandle-based TAP sources
1253 TAP::Parser::IteratorFactory
1255 Figures out which SourceHandler objects to use for a given
1256 Source
1257 TAP::Parser::Multiplexer
1259 Multiplex multiple TAP::Parsers
1260 TAP::Parser::Result
1262 Base class for TAP::Parser output objects
1263 TAP::Parser::Result::Bailout
1265 Bailout result token.
1266 TAP::Parser::Result::Comment
1268 Comment result token.
1269 TAP::Parser::Result::Plan
1271 Plan result token.
1272 TAP::Parser::Result::Pragma
1274 TAP pragma token.
1275 TAP::Parser::Result::Test
1277 Test result token.
1278 TAP::Parser::Result::Unknown
1280 Unknown result token.
1281 TAP::Parser::Result::Version
1283 TAP syntax version token.
1284 TAP::Parser::Result::YAML
1286 YAML result token.
1287 TAP::Parser::ResultFactory
1289 Factory for creating TAP::Parser output objects
1290 TAP::Parser::Scheduler
1292 Schedule tests during parallel testing
1293 TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Job
1295 A single testing job.
1296 TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Spinner
1298 A no-op job.
1299 TAP::Parser::Source
1301 A TAP source & meta data about it
1302 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler
1304 Base class for different TAP source handlers
1305 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Executable
1307 Stream output from an executable TAP source
1308 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::File
1310 Stream TAP from a text file.
1311 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Handle
1313 Stream TAP from an IO::Handle or a GLOB.
1314 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Perl
1316 Stream TAP from a Perl executable
1317 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::RawTAP
1319 Stream output from raw TAP in a scalar/array ref.
1320 TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Reader
1322 Read YAMLish data from iterator
1323 TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Writer
1325 Write YAMLish data
1326 Term::ANSIColor
1328 Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
1329 Term::Cap Perl termcap interface
1331 Term::Complete
1333 Perl word completion module
1334 Term::ReadLine
1336 Perl interface to various "readline" packages.
1337 Test Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
1339 Test2 Framework for writing test tools that all work together.
1341 Test2::API Primary interface for writing Test2 based testing tools.
1343 Test2::API::Breakage
1345 What breaks at what version
1346 Test2::API::Context
1348 Object to represent a testing context.
1349 Test2::API::Instance
1351 Object used by Test2::API under the hood
1352 Test2::API::Stack
1354 Object to manage a stack of Test2::Hub
1355 Test2::Event
1357 Base class for events
1358 Test2::Event::Bail
1360 Bailout!
1361 Test2::Event::Diag
1363 Diag event type
1364 Test2::Event::Encoding
1366 Set the encoding for the output stream
1367 Test2::Event::Exception
1369 Exception event
1370 Test2::Event::Generic
1372 Generic event type.
1373 Test2::Event::Info
1375 Info event base class
1376 Test2::Event::Note
1378 Note event type
1379 Test2::Event::Ok
1381 Ok event type
1382 Test2::Event::Plan
1384 The event of a plan
1385 Test2::Event::Skip
1387 Skip event type
1388 Test2::Event::Subtest
1390 Event for subtest types
1391 Test2::Event::TAP::Version
1393 Event for TAP version.
1394 Test2::Event::Waiting
1396 Tell all procs/threads it is time to be done
1397 Test2::Formatter
1399 Namespace for formatters.
1400 Test2::Formatter::TAP
1402 Standard TAP formatter
1403 Test2::Hub The conduit through which all events flow.
1405 Test2::Hub::Interceptor
1407 Hub used by interceptor to grab results.
1408 Test2::Hub::Interceptor::Terminator
1410 Exception class used by
1411 Test2::Hub::Subtest
1413 Hub used by subtests
1414 Test2::IPC Turn on IPC for threading or forking support.
1416 Test2::IPC::Driver
1418 Base class for Test2 IPC drivers.
1419 Test2::IPC::Driver::Files
1421 Temp dir + Files concurrency model.
1422 Test2::Tools::Tiny
1424 Tiny set of tools for unfortunate souls who cannot use
1425 Test2::Transition
1427 Transition notes when upgrading to Test2
1428 Test2::Util Tools used by Test2 and friends.
1430 Test2::Util::ExternalMeta
1432 Allow third party tools to safely attach meta-data
1433 Test2::Util::HashBase
1435 Build hash based classes.
1436 Test2::Util::Trace
1438 Debug information for events
1439 Test::Builder
1441 Backend for building test libraries
1442 Test::Builder::Formatter
1444 Test::Builder subclass of Test2::Formatter::TAP
1445 Test::Builder::IO::Scalar
1447 A copy of IO::Scalar for Test::Builder
1448 Test::Builder::Module
1450 Base class for test modules
1451 Test::Builder::Tester
1453 Test testsuites that have been built with
1454 Test::Builder::Tester::Color
1456 Turn on colour in Test::Builder::Tester
1457 Test::Builder::TodoDiag
1459 Test::Builder subclass of Test2::Event::Diag
1460 Test::Harness
1462 Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
1463 Test::Harness::Beyond
1465 Beyond make test
1466 Test::More Yet another framework for writing test scripts
1468 Test::Simple
1470 Basic utilities for writing tests.
1471 Test::Tester
1473 Ease testing test modules built with Test::Builder
1474 Test::Tester::Capture
1476 Help testing test modules built with Test::Builder
1477 Test::Tester::CaptureRunner
1479 Help testing test modules built with Test::Builder
1480 Test::Tutorial
1482 A tutorial about writing really basic tests
1483 Test::use::ok
1485 Alternative to Test::More::use_ok
1486 Text::Abbrev
1488 Abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
1489 Text::Balanced
1491 Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
1492 Text::ParseWords
1494 Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
1495 Text::Tabs Expand and unexpand tabs like unix expand(1) and
1497 unexpand(1)
1498 Text::Wrap Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
1500 Thread Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
1502 Thread::Queue
1504 Thread-safe queues
1505 Thread::Semaphore
1507 Thread-safe semaphores
1508 Tie::Array Base class for tied arrays
1510 Tie::File Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
1512 Tie::Handle Base class definitions for tied handles
1514 Tie::Hash Base class definitions for tied hashes
1516 Tie::Hash::NamedCapture
1518 Named regexp capture buffers
1519 Tie::Memoize
1521 Add data to hash when needed
1522 Tie::RefHash
1524 Use references as hash keys
1525 Tie::Scalar Base class definitions for tied scalars
1527 Tie::StdHandle
1529 Base class definitions for tied handles
1530 Tie::SubstrHash
1532 Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
1533 Time::HiRes High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers
1535 Time::Local Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
1537 Time::Piece Object Oriented time objects
1539 Time::Seconds
1541 A simple API to convert seconds to other date values
1542 Time::gmtime
1544 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
1545 Time::localtime
1547 By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
1548 Time::tm Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
1550 UNIVERSAL Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
1552 Unicode::Collate
1554 Unicode Collation Algorithm
1555 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Big5
1557 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1558 Unicode::Collate::CJK::GB2312
1560 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1561 Unicode::Collate::CJK::JISX0208
1563 Weighting JIS KANJI for Unicode::Collate
1564 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Korean
1566 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1567 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Pinyin
1569 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1570 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Stroke
1572 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1573 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Zhuyin
1575 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1576 Unicode::Collate::Locale
1578 Linguistic tailoring for DUCET via Unicode::Collate
1579 Unicode::Normalize
1581 Unicode Normalization Forms
1582 Unicode::UCD
1584 Unicode character database
1585 User::grent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
1587 User::pwent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
1589 VMS::DCLsym Perl extension to manipulate DCL symbols
1591 VMS::Filespec
1593 Convert between VMS and Unix file specification syntax
1594 VMS::Stdio Standard I/O functions via VMS extensions
1596 Win32 Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
1598 Win32API::File
1600 Low-level access to Win32 system API calls for files/dirs.
1601 Win32CORE Win32 CORE function stubs
1603 XS::APItest Test the perl C API
1605 XS::Typemap Module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
1607 XSLoader Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
1609 autodie::Scope::Guard
1611 Wrapper class for calling subs at end of scope
1612 autodie::Scope::GuardStack
1614 Hook stack for managing scopes via %^H
1615 autodie::Util
1617 Internal Utility subroutines for autodie and Fatal
1618 version::Internals
1620 Perl extension for Version Objects
1621 To find out all modules installed on your system, including those
1623 without documentation or outside the standard release, just use the
1624 following command (under the default win32 shell, double quotes should
1625 be used instead of single quotes).
1626 % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
1628 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
1629 no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
1630 (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.) They should
1632 all have their own documentation installed and accessible via your
1633 system man(1) command. If you do not have a find program, you can use
1634 the Perl find2perl program instead, which generates Perl code as output
1635 you can run through perl. If you have a man program but it doesn't
1636 find your modules, you'll have to fix your manpath. See perl for
1637 details. If you have no system man command, you might try the perldoc
1638 program.
1639 Note also that the command "perldoc perllocal" gives you a (possibly
1641 incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
1642 your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard
1643 MakeMaker install process.)
1644 Extension Modules
1646 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They are
1647 usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them, but may
1648 also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules include
1649 Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
1650 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
1652 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time for
1653 adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of platforms on
1654 which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to look for them on
1655 CPAN (described below), or using web search engines like Alta Vista or
1656 Google.
1657
1659 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
1660 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
1661 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
1662 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for CPAN
1663 can be found at http://www.cpan.org/
1664 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
1666 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
1667 modules are:
1668 · Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
1670 · Development Support
1672 · Operating System Interfaces
1674 · Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
1676 · Data Types and Data Type Utilities
1678 · Database Interfaces
1680 · User Interfaces
1682 · Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
1684 · File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
1686 · String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
1688 · Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
1690 · Internationalization and Locale
1692 · Authentication, Security, and Encryption
1694 · World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
1696 · Server and Daemon Utilities
1698 · Archiving and Compression
1700 · Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
1702 · Mail and Usenet News
1704 · Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
1706 · File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
1708 · Miscellaneous Modules
1710 The list of the registered CPAN sites follows. Please note that the
1712 sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
1713 Continent
1715 |
1716 |-->Country
1717 |
1718 |-->[state/province]
1719 |
1720 |-->ftp
1721 |
1722 |-->[http]
1723 and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
1725 European and the South American sites.
1726 Registered CPAN sites
1728 Africa
1730 South Africa
1731 http://mirror.is.co.za/pub/cpan/
1732 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/pub/cpan/
1733 http://cpan.mirror.ac.za/
1734 ftp://cpan.mirror.ac.za/
1735 http://cpan.saix.net/
1736 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
1737 http://ftp.wa.co.za/pub/CPAN/
1738 ftp://ftp.wa.co.za/pub/CPAN/
1739 Uganda
1741 http://mirror.ucu.ac.ug/cpan/
1742 Zimbabwe
1744 http://mirror.zol.co.zw/CPAN/
1745 ftp://mirror.zol.co.zw/CPAN/
1746 Asia
1748 Bangladesh
1749 http://mirror.dhakacom.com/CPAN/
1750 ftp://mirror.dhakacom.com/CPAN/
1751 China
1753 http://cpan.communilink.net/
1754 http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
1755 ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
1756 http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/CPAN/
1757 http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/cpan/
1758 http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/CPAN/
1759 http://mirrors.163.com/cpan/
1760 http://mirrors.sohu.com/CPAN/
1761 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CPAN/
1762 ftp://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CPAN/
1763 http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/CPAN/
1764 ftp://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/CPAN/
1765 http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/CPAN/
1766 India
1768 http://cpan.excellmedia.net/
1769 http://perlmirror.indialinks.com/
1770 Indonesia
1772 http://kambing.ui.ac.id/cpan/
1773 http://cpan.pesat.net.id/
1774 http://mirror.poliwangi.ac.id/CPAN/
1775 http://kartolo.sby.datautama.net.id/CPAN/
1776 http://mirror.wanxp.id/cpan/
1777 Iran
1779 http://mirror.yazd.ac.ir/cpan/
1780 Israel
1782 http://biocourse.weizmann.ac.il/CPAN/
1783 Japan
1785 http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1786 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1787 http://mirror.jre655.com/CPAN/
1788 ftp://mirror.jre655.com/CPAN/
1789 ftp://ftp.kddilabs.jp/CPAN/
1790 http://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/
1791 ftp://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/
1792 http://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/
1793 ftp://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/
1794 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1795 http://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/
1796 ftp://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/
1797 Kazakhstan
1799 http://mirror.neolabs.kz/CPAN/
1800 ftp://mirror.neolabs.kz/CPAN/
1801 Philippines
1803 http://mirror.pregi.net/CPAN/
1804 ftp://mirror.pregi.net/CPAN/
1805 http://mirror.rise.ph/cpan/
1806 ftp://mirror.rise.ph/cpan/
1807 Qatar
1809 http://mirror.qnren.qa/CPAN/
1810 ftp://mirror.qnren.qa/CPAN/
1811 Republic of Korea
1813 http://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/
1814 ftp://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/CPAN/
1815 http://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/pub/CPAN/
1816 ftp://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/CPAN/
1817 http://ftp.kr.freebsd.org/pub/CPAN/
1818 ftp://ftp.kr.freebsd.org/pub/CPAN/
1819 http://mirror.navercorp.com/CPAN/
1820 http://ftp.neowiz.com/CPAN/
1821 ftp://ftp.neowiz.com/CPAN/
1822 Singapore
1824 http://cpan.mirror.choon.net/
1825 http://mirror.0x.sg/CPAN/
1826 ftp://mirror.0x.sg/CPAN/
1827 Taiwan
1829 http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Unix/Lang/CPAN/
1830 ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Unix/Lang/CPAN/
1831 http://cpan.stu.edu.tw/
1832 ftp://ftp.stu.edu.tw/CPAN/
1833 http://ftp.yzu.edu.tw/CPAN/
1834 ftp://ftp.yzu.edu.tw/CPAN/
1835 http://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/
1836 ftp://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/
1837 http://ftp.ubuntu-tw.org/mirror/CPAN/
1838 ftp://ftp.ubuntu-tw.org/mirror/CPAN/
1839 Turkey
1841 http://cpan.ulak.net.tr/
1842 ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1843 http://mirror.vit.com.tr/mirror/CPAN/
1844 ftp://mirror.vit.com.tr/CPAN/
1845 Viet Nam
1847 http://mirrors.digipower.vn/CPAN/
1848 http://mirror.downloadvn.com/cpan/
1849 http://mirrors.vinahost.vn/CPAN/
1850 Europe
1852 Austria
1853 http://cpan.inode.at/
1854 ftp://cpan.inode.at/
1855 http://mirror.easyname.at/cpan/
1856 ftp://mirror.easyname.at/cpan/
1857 http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/languages/perl/CPAN/
1858 ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
1859 Belarus
1861 http://ftp.byfly.by/pub/CPAN/
1862 ftp://ftp.byfly.by/pub/CPAN/
1863 http://mirror.datacenter.by/pub/CPAN/
1864 ftp://mirror.datacenter.by/pub/CPAN/
1865 Belgium
1867 http://ftp.belnet.be/ftp.cpan.org/
1868 ftp://ftp.belnet.be/mirror/ftp.cpan.org/
1869 http://cpan.cu.be/
1870 http://lib.ugent.be/CPAN/
1871 http://cpan.weepeetelecom.be/
1872 Bosnia and Herzegovina
1874 http://cpan.mirror.ba/
1875 ftp://ftp.mirror.ba/CPAN/
1876 Bulgaria
1878 http://mirrors.neterra.net/CPAN/
1879 ftp://mirrors.neterra.net/CPAN/
1880 http://mirrors.netix.net/CPAN/
1881 ftp://mirrors.netix.net/CPAN/
1882 Croatia
1884 http://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/
1885 ftp://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/
1886 Czech Republic
1888 http://mirror.dkm.cz/cpan/
1889 ftp://mirror.dkm.cz/cpan/
1890 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
1891 http://mirrors.nic.cz/CPAN/
1892 ftp://mirrors.nic.cz/pub/CPAN/
1893 http://cpan.mirror.vutbr.cz/
1894 ftp://mirror.vutbr.cz/cpan/
1895 Denmark
1897 http://www.cpan.dk/
1898 http://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan/
1899 ftp://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan/
1900 Finland
1902 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1903 France
1905 http://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/cpan/
1906 ftp://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/cpan/
1907 http://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1908 ftp://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1909 http://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1910 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1911 http://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/CPAN/
1912 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/CPAN/
1913 http://cpan.mirrors.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org/
1914 ftp://cpan.mirrors.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org/
1915 http://cpan.enstimac.fr/
1916 Germany
1918 http://mirror.23media.de/cpan/
1919 ftp://mirror.23media.de/cpan/
1920 http://artfiles.org/cpan.org/
1921 ftp://artfiles.org/cpan.org/
1922 http://mirror.bibleonline.ru/cpan/
1923 http://mirror.checkdomain.de/CPAN/
1924 ftp://mirror.checkdomain.de/CPAN/
1925 http://cpan.noris.de/
1926 http://mirror.de.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
1927 ftp://mirror.de.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
1928 http://cpan.mirror.euserv.net/
1929 ftp://mirror.euserv.net/cpan/
1930 http://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN/
1931 ftp://mirror.fraunhofer.de/CPAN/
1932 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1933 http://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/
1934 ftp://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/
1935 ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/languages/perl/
1936 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1937 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1938 http://ftp.hawo.stw.uni-erlangen.de/CPAN/
1939 ftp://ftp.hawo.stw.uni-erlangen.de/CPAN/
1940 http://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/
1941 ftp://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/pub/CPAN/
1942 ftp://ftp.mpi-inf.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
1943 http://cpan.netbet.org/
1944 http://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
1945 ftp://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
1946 ftp://mirror.petamem.com/CPAN/
1947 http://www.planet-elektronik.de/CPAN/
1948 http://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/cpan/
1949 ftp://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/cpan/
1950 http://mirror.softaculous.com/cpan/
1951 http://ftp.u-tx.net/CPAN/
1952 ftp://ftp.u-tx.net/CPAN/
1953 http://mirror.reismil.ch/CPAN/
1954 Greece
1956 http://cpan.cc.uoc.gr/mirrors/CPAN/
1957 ftp://ftp.cc.uoc.gr/mirrors/CPAN/
1958 http://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
1959 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
1960 Hungary
1962 http://mirror.met.hu/CPAN/
1963 Ireland
1965 http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
1966 ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
1967 Italy
1969 http://bo.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/CPAN/
1970 ftp://ftp.eutelia.it/CPAN_Mirror/
1971 http://cpan.panu.it/
1972 ftp://ftp.panu.it/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/
1973 http://cpan.muzzy.it/
1974 Latvia
1976 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
1977 Lithuania
1979 http://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/
1980 ftp://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/
1981 Moldova
1983 http://mirror.as43289.net/pub/CPAN/
1984 ftp://mirror.as43289.net/pub/CPAN/
1985 Netherlands
1987 http://cpan.cs.uu.nl/
1988 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/pub/CPAN/
1989 http://mirror.nl.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
1990 ftp://mirror.nl.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
1991 http://ftp.nluug.nl/languages/perl/CPAN/
1992 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1993 http://mirror.transip.net/CPAN/
1994 ftp://mirror.transip.net/CPAN/
1995 http://cpan.mirror.triple-it.nl/
1996 http://ftp.tudelft.nl/cpan/
1997 ftp://ftp.tudelft.nl/pub/CPAN/
1998 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1999 Norway
2001 http://cpan.uib.no/
2002 ftp://cpan.uib.no/pub/CPAN/
2003 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2004 http://cpan.vianett.no/
2005 Poland
2007 http://ftp.agh.edu.pl/CPAN/
2008 ftp://ftp.agh.edu.pl/CPAN/
2009 http://ftp.piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2010 ftp://ftp.piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2011 ftp://ftp.ps.pl/pub/CPAN/
2012 http://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
2013 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
2014 Portugal
2016 http://cpan.dcc.fc.up.pt/
2017 http://mirrors.fe.up.pt/pub/CPAN/
2018 http://cpan.perl-hackers.net/
2019 http://cpan.perl.pt/
2020 Romania
2022 http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/cpan.org/
2023 ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN/
2024 http://mirrors.m247.ro/CPAN/
2025 http://mirrors.evowise.com/CPAN/
2026 http://mirrors.teentelecom.net/CPAN/
2027 ftp://mirrors.teentelecom.net/CPAN/
2028 http://mirrors.xservers.ro/CPAN/
2029 Russian Federation
2031 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/CPAN/
2032 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
2033 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2034 http://cpan-mirror.rbc.ru/pub/CPAN/
2035 http://mirror.rol.ru/CPAN/
2036 http://cpan.uni-altai.ru/
2037 http://cpan.webdesk.ru/
2038 ftp://cpan.webdesk.ru/cpan/
2039 http://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/cpan/
2040 ftp://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/cpan/
2041 Serbia
2043 http://mirror.sbb.rs/CPAN/
2044 ftp://mirror.sbb.rs/CPAN/
2045 Slovakia
2047 http://cpan.lnx.sk/
2048 http://tux.rainside.sk/CPAN/
2049 ftp://tux.rainside.sk/CPAN/
2050 Slovenia
2052 http://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
2053 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
2054 Spain
2056 http://mirrors.evowise.com/CPAN/
2057 http://osl.ugr.es/CPAN/
2058 http://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
2059 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
2060 Sweden
2062 http://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/CPAN/
2063 ftp://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/CPAN/
2064 Switzerland
2066 http://www.pirbot.com/mirrors/cpan/
2067 http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/mirror/CPAN/
2068 ftp://mirror.switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
2069 Ukraine
2071 http://cpan.ip-connect.vn.ua/
2072 ftp://cpan.ip-connect.vn.ua/mirror/cpan/
2073 United Kingdom
2075 http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
2076 ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
2077 http://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/
2078 ftp://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/
2079 http://mirrors.coreix.net/CPAN/
2080 http://cpan.etla.org/
2081 ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN/
2082 http://cpan.cpantesters.org/
2083 http://mirror.sax.uk.as61049.net/CPAN/
2084 http://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/CPAN/
2085 http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/cpan.perl.org/CPAN/
2086 ftp://ftp.mirrorservice.org/sites/cpan.perl.org/CPAN/
2087 http://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/
2088 ftp://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/
2089 http://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/
2090 ftp://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/
2091 http://cpan.mirrors.uk2.net/
2092 ftp://mirrors.uk2.net/pub/CPAN/
2093 http://mirror.ukhost4u.com/CPAN/
2094 North America
2096 Canada
2097 http://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/
2098 ftp://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/pub/CPAN/
2099 http://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/CPAN/
2100 ftp://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/CPAN/
2101 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN/
2102 http://mirror.its.dal.ca/cpan/
2103 ftp://mirror.its.dal.ca/cpan/
2104 ftp://ftp.ottix.net/pub/CPAN/
2105 Costa Rica
2107 http://mirrors.ucr.ac.cr/CPAN/
2108 Mexico
2110 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
2111 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
2112 United States
2114 Alabama
2115 http://mirror.teklinks.com/CPAN/
2116 Arizona
2118 http://mirror.n5tech.com/CPAN/
2119 http://mirrors.namecheap.com/CPAN/
2120 ftp://mirrors.namecheap.com/CPAN/
2121 California
2123 http://cpan.develooper.com/
2124 http://httpupdate127.cpanel.net/CPAN/
2125 http://mirrors.sonic.net/cpan/
2126 ftp://mirrors.sonic.net/cpan/
2127 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
2128 http://cpan.yimg.com/
2129 Idaho
2131 http://mirrors.syringanetworks.net/CPAN/
2132 ftp://mirrors.syringanetworks.net/CPAN/
2133 Illinois
2135 http://cpan.mirrors.hoobly.com/
2136 http://mirror.team-cymru.org/CPAN/
2137 ftp://mirror.team-cymru.org/CPAN/
2138 Indiana
2140 http://cpan.netnitco.net/
2141 ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2142 ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
2143 Kansas
2145 http://mirrors.concertpass.com/cpan/
2146 Massachusetts
2148 http://mirrors.ccs.neu.edu/CPAN/
2149 Michigan
2151 http://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
2152 ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
2153 http://httpupdate118.cpanel.net/CPAN/
2154 http://mirrors-usa.go-parts.com/cpan/
2155 http://ftp.wayne.edu/CPAN/
2156 ftp://ftp.wayne.edu/CPAN/
2157 New Hampshire
2159 http://mirror.metrocast.net/cpan/
2160 New Jersey
2162 http://mirror.datapipe.net/CPAN/
2163 ftp://mirror.datapipe.net/pub/CPAN/
2164 http://www.hoovism.com/CPAN/
2165 ftp://ftp.hoovism.com/CPAN/
2166 http://cpan.mirror.nac.net/
2167 New York
2169 http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/
2170 ftp://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/
2171 http://cpan.belfry.net/
2172 http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
2173 ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/CPAN/
2174 http://cpan.hexten.net/
2175 ftp://cpan.hexten.net/
2176 http://mirror.nyi.net/CPAN/
2177 ftp://mirror.nyi.net/pub/CPAN/
2178 http://noodle.portalus.net/CPAN/
2179 ftp://noodle.portalus.net/CPAN/
2180 http://mirrors.rit.edu/CPAN/
2181 ftp://mirrors.rit.edu/CPAN/
2182 North Carolina
2184 http://httpupdate140.cpanel.net/CPAN/
2185 http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/CPAN/
2186 Oregon
2188 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/
2189 ftp://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/
2190 http://mirror.uoregon.edu/CPAN/
2191 Pennsylvania
2193 http://cpan.pair.com/
2194 ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
2195 http://cpan.mirrors.ionfish.org/
2196 South Carolina
2198 http://cpan.mirror.clemson.edu/
2199 Texas
2201 http://mirror.uta.edu/CPAN/
2202 Utah
2204 http://cpan.cs.utah.edu/
2205 ftp://cpan.cs.utah.edu/CPAN/
2206 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
2207 Virginia
2209 http://mirror.cogentco.com/pub/CPAN/
2210 ftp://mirror.cogentco.com/pub/CPAN/
2211 http://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2212 ftp://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2213 http://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2214 ftp://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2215 Washington
2217 http://cpan.llarian.net/
2218 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
2219 Wisconsin
2221 http://cpan.mirrors.tds.net/
2222 ftp://cpan.mirrors.tds.net/pub/CPAN/
2223 Oceania
2225 Australia
2226 http://mirror.as24220.net/pub/cpan/
2227 ftp://mirror.as24220.net/pub/cpan/
2228 http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au/
2229 http://cpan.mirror.digitalpacific.com.au/
2230 ftp://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/cpan/
2231 http://mirror.optusnet.com.au/CPAN/
2232 http://cpan.mirror.serversaustralia.com.au/
2233 http://cpan.uberglobalmirror.com/
2234 http://mirror.waia.asn.au/pub/cpan/
2235 New Caledonia
2237 http://cpan.lagoon.nc/pub/CPAN/
2238 ftp://cpan.lagoon.nc/pub/CPAN/
2239 http://cpan.nautile.nc/CPAN/
2240 ftp://cpan.nautile.nc/CPAN/
2241 New Zealand
2243 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
2244 http://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/CPAN/
2245 ftp://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/pub/CPAN/
2246 http://cpan.inspire.net.nz/
2247 ftp://cpan.inspire.net.nz/cpan/
2248 http://mirror.webtastix.net/CPAN/
2249 ftp://mirror.webtastix.net/CPAN/
2250 South America
2252 Argentina
2253 http://cpan.mmgdesigns.com.ar/
2254 Brazil
2256 http://cpan.kinghost.net/
2257 http://linorg.usp.br/CPAN/
2258 http://mirror.nbtelecom.com.br/CPAN/
2259 Chile
2261 http://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/
2262 ftp://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/cpan/
2263 RSYNC Mirrors
2265 rsync://ftp.is.co.za/IS-Mirror/ftp.cpan.org/
2266 rsync://mirror.ac.za/CPAN/
2267 rsync://mirror.zol.co.zw/CPAN/
2268 rsync://mirror.dhakacom.com/CPAN/
2269 rsync://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CPAN/
2270 rsync://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/CPAN/
2271 rsync://kambing.ui.ac.id/CPAN/
2272 rsync://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
2273 rsync://mirror.jre655.com/CPAN/
2274 rsync://ftp.kddilabs.jp/cpan/
2275 rsync://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/cpan/
2276 rsync://ftp.riken.jp/cpan/
2277 rsync://mirror.neolabs.kz/CPAN/
2278 rsync://mirror.qnren.qa/CPAN/
2279 rsync://ftp.neowiz.com/CPAN/
2280 rsync://mirror.0x.sg/CPAN/
2281 rsync://ftp.yzu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
2282 rsync://ftp.ubuntu-tw.org/CPAN/
2283 rsync://mirrors.digipower.vn/CPAN/
2284 rsync://cpan.inode.at/CPAN/
2285 rsync://ftp.byfly.by/CPAN/
2286 rsync://mirror.datacenter.by/CPAN/
2287 rsync://ftp.belnet.be/cpan/
2288 rsync://cpan.mirror.ba/CPAN/
2289 rsync://mirrors.neterra.net/CPAN/
2290 rsync://mirrors.netix.net/CPAN/
2291 rsync://mirror.dkm.cz/cpan/
2292 rsync://mirrors.nic.cz/CPAN/
2293 rsync://cpan.mirror.vutbr.cz/cpan/
2294 rsync://rsync.nic.funet.fi/CPAN/
2295 rsync://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/cpan/
2296 rsync://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
2297 rsync://cpan.mirrors.ovh.net/CPAN/
2298 rsync://mirror.de.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2299 rsync://mirror.euserv.net/cpan/
2300 rsync://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/CPAN/
2301 rsync://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2302 rsync://ftp.hawo.stw.uni-erlangen.de/CPAN/
2303 rsync://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/CPAN/
2304 rsync://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
2305 rsync://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/cpan/
2306 rsync://ftp.ntua.gr/CPAN/
2307 rsync://mirror.met.hu/CPAN/
2308 rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
2309 rsync://rsync.panu.it/CPAN/
2310 rsync://mirror.as43289.net/CPAN/
2311 rsync://rsync.cs.uu.nl/CPAN/
2312 rsync://mirror.nl.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2313 rsync://ftp.nluug.nl/CPAN/
2314 rsync://mirror.transip.net/CPAN/
2315 rsync://cpan.uib.no/cpan/
2316 rsync://cpan.vianett.no/CPAN/
2317 rsync://cpan.perl-hackers.net/CPAN/
2318 rsync://cpan.perl.pt/cpan/
2319 rsync://mirrors.m247.ro/CPAN/
2320 rsync://mirrors.teentelecom.net/CPAN/
2321 rsync://cpan.webdesk.ru/CPAN/
2322 rsync://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/cpan/
2323 rsync://mirror.sbb.rs/CPAN/
2324 rsync://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/CPAN/
2325 rsync://rsync.pirbot.com/ftp/cpan/
2326 rsync://cpan.ip-connect.vn.ua/CPAN/
2327 rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
2328 rsync://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/
2329 rsync://mirror.sax.uk.as61049.net/CPAN/
2330 rsync://rsync.mirrorservice.org/cpan.perl.org/CPAN/
2331 rsync://ftp.ticklers.org/CPAN/
2332 rsync://mirrors.uk2.net/CPAN/
2333 rsync://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/CPAN/
2334 rsync://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/CPAN/
2335 rsync://mirrors.namecheap.com/CPAN/
2336 rsync://mirrors.syringanetworks.net/CPAN/
2337 rsync://mirror.team-cymru.org/CPAN/
2338 rsync://debian.cse.msu.edu/cpan/
2339 rsync://mirrors-usa.go-parts.com/mirrors/cpan/
2340 rsync://rsync.hoovism.com/CPAN/
2341 rsync://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/cpan/
2342 rsync://noodle.portalus.net/CPAN/
2343 rsync://mirrors.rit.edu/cpan/
2344 rsync://mirrors.ibiblio.org/CPAN/
2345 rsync://cpan.pair.com/CPAN/
2346 rsync://cpan.cs.utah.edu/CPAN/
2347 rsync://mirror.cogentco.com/CPAN/
2348 rsync://mirror.jmu.edu/CPAN/
2349 rsync://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2350 rsync://cpan.mirror.digitalpacific.com.au/cpan/
2351 rsync://mirror.internode.on.net/cpan/
2352 rsync://uberglobalmirror.com/cpan/
2353 rsync://cpan.lagoon.nc/cpan/
2354 rsync://mirrors.mmgdesigns.com.ar/CPAN/
2355 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites, see
2357 <http://www.cpan.org/SITES> or <ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES>.
2358
2360 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
2361 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
2362 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a package
2364 doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a namespace.
2365 A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be used as
2366 methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its first
2367 argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods), or a
2368 reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
2369 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
2371 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
2372 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
2373 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
2374 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
2375 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
2376 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the .pm file is required to
2377 exist. See perlsub, perlobj, and AutoLoader for details about the
2378 AUTOLOAD mechanism.
2379 Guidelines for Module Creation
2381 · Do similar modules already exist in some form?
2382 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
2384 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
2385 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
2386 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
2387 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
2388 with command line options.
2389 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
2391 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
2392 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
2393 scheme as the original author.
2394 · Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
2396 Try to "use warnings;" (or "use warnings qw(...);"). Remember that
2398 you can add "no warnings qw(...);" to individual blocks of code
2399 that need less warnings.
2400 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to
2402 bless into the class name given as the first parameter of the
2403 constructor, e.g.,:
2404 sub new {
2406 my $class = shift;
2407 return bless {}, $class;
2408 }
2409 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static or a
2411 virtual method.
2412 sub new {
2414 my $self = shift;
2415 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
2416 return bless {}, $class;
2417 }
2418 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
2420 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
2421 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
2422 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
2423 Avoid class name tests like: "die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq
2425 'FOO'". Generally you can delete the "eq 'FOO'" part with no harm
2426 at all. Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid
2427 hard-wired class names as far as possible.
2428 Avoid "$r->Class::func()" where using "@ISA=qw(... Class ...)" and
2430 "$r->func()" would work.
2431 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
2433 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to the
2434 module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
2435 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
2437 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
2439 "@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);" your applications should be able
2440 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
2441 does your application still work if you change: "$obj =
2442 YOURCLASS->new();" into: "$obj = SUBCLASS->new();" ?
2443 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
2445 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
2446 information in objects.
2447 Always use -w.
2449 Try to "use strict;" (or "use strict qw(...);"). Remember that you
2451 can add "no strict qw(...);" to individual blocks of code that need
2452 less strictness.
2453 Always use -w.
2455 Follow the guidelines in perlstyle.
2457 Always use -w.
2459 · Some simple style guidelines
2461 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
2463 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve
2465 their style over several years as they learn what helps them write
2466 and maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions
2467 that seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
2468 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
2470 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for non-
2471 native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
2472 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
2473 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
2475 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
2476 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
2477 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
2478 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope or
2480 nature of a variable. For example:
2481 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
2483 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
2484 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
2485 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
2487 e.g., "$obj->as_string()".
2488 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
2490 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
2491 · Select what to export.
2493 Do NOT export method names!
2495 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
2497 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
2499 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
2500 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
2501 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside
2503 the module using the ModuleName::item_name (or
2504 "$blessed_ref->method") syntax. By convention you can use a
2505 leading underscore on names to indicate informally that they are
2506 'internal' and not for public use.
2507 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying: "my
2509 $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;". But there's no way to call
2510 that directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the
2511 symbol table.)
2512 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
2514 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
2515 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
2516 · Select a name for the module.
2518 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
2520 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
2521 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is
2522 special about what the module does rather than how it does it.
2523 Please use nested module names to group informally or categorize a
2524 module. There should be a very good reason for a module not to
2525 have a nested name. Module names should begin with a capital
2526 letter.
2527 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for
2529 anyone (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally
2530 better :-). Imagine someone trying to install your module
2531 alongside many others.
2532 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
2534 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
2535 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
2536 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
2537 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
2539 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in those
2540 modules.
2541 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
2543 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
2544 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
2545 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
2546 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
2547 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
2549 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure
2550 each is unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this
2551 easier.
2552 For additional guidance on the naming of modules, please consult:
2554 http://pause.perl.org/pause/query?ACTION=pause_namingmodules
2556 or send mail to the <module-authors@perl.org> mailing list.
2558 · Have you got it right?
2560 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
2562 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have you
2563 picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
2564 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful
2566 suggestions, is to ask someone who knows. The
2567 <module-authors@perl.org> mailing list is useful for this purpose;
2568 it's also accessible via news interface as perl.module-authors at
2569 nntp.perl.org.
2570 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
2572 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
2573 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
2574 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
2575 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
2577 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
2578 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
2579 · README and other Additional Files.
2581 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
2583 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
2584 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
2585 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
2586 · A description of the module/package/extension etc.
2588 · A copyright notice - see below.
2590 · Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
2592 · How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
2594 · How to install it.
2596 · Recent changes in this release, especially
2598 incompatibilities
2599 · Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
2601 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
2603 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
2604 Copying, ToDo etc.
2605 · Adding a Copyright Notice.
2607 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
2609 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
2610 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
2611 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The
2613 GNU GPL and The Artistic Licence (see the files README,
2614 Copying, and Artistic, or perlgpl and perlartistic). Larry has
2615 good reasons for NOT just using the GNU GPL.
2616 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and
2618 the Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
2619 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
2621 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
2622 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
2623 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You
2625 may also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source
2626 files. Remember to include the other words in addition to the
2627 Copyright.
2628 · Give the module a version/issue/release number.
2630 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules
2632 you should store your module's version number in a non-my
2633 package variable called $VERSION. This should be a positive
2634 floating point number with at least two digits after the
2635 decimal (i.e., hundredths, e.g, "$VERSION = "0.01""). Don't
2636 use a "1.3.2" style version. See Exporter for details.
2637 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the
2639 number. Use the number in announcements and archive file names
2640 when releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z). See perldoc
2641 ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
2642 · How to release and distribute a module.
2644 If possible, register the module with CPAN. Follow the
2646 instructions and links on:
2647 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
2649 and upload to:
2651 http://pause.perl.org/
2653 and notify <modules@perl.org>. This will allow anyone to
2655 install your module using the "cpan" tool distributed with
2656 Perl.
2657 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to
2659 mirror your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own
2660 directory on CPAN!
2661 · Take care when changing a released module.
2663 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released
2665 versions. Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
2666 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible
2667 changes.
2668 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2670 · There is no requirement to convert anything.
2671 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
2673 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
2674 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
2675 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
2676 · Consider the implications.
2678 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to be
2680 changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is it
2681 worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
2682 · Make the most of the opportunity.
2684 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
2686 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
2687 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
2688 · The pl2pm utility will get you started.
2690 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
2692 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
2693 · Adds the standard Module prologue lines
2695 · Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
2697 · Converts die(...) to croak(...)
2699 · Several other minor changes
2701 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
2703 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
2704 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
2705 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2707 · Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
2708 · Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
2710 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
2712 to reuse.
2713 · Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
2715 · Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
2717 · In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
2719 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these
2721 cases the application could invoked as:
2722 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
2724 or
2725 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
2726
2728 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you
2729 may have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17.
2730 Perl doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would
2731 prefer that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't
2732 invited, not because it has a shotgun.
2733 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
2735 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
2736 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
2737 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
2738 provisions. But then you know when you "use RedefineTheWorld" that
2739 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.
2740perl v5.26.3 2019-05-11 PERLMODLIB(1)