1PROJ(1) General Commands Manual PROJ(1)
2
6 proj - forward cartographic projection filter
7 invproj - inverse cartographic projection filter
8
10 proj [ -bceEfiIlmorsStTvVwW [ args ] ] [ +args ]
11 file[s]
12 invproj [ -bceEfiIlmorsStTwW [ args ] ] [ +args
13 ] file[s]
14
16 Proj and invproj perform respective forward and
17 inverse transformation of cartographic data to
18 or from cartesian data with a wide range of
19 selectable projection functions.
20 The following control parameters can appear in
22 any order:
23 -b Special option for binary coordinate data
25 input and output through standard input
26 and standard output. Data is assumed to
27 be in system type double floating point
28 words. This option is to be used when
29 proj is a son process and allows bypass‐
30 ing formatting operations.
31 -i Selects binary input only (see -b
33 option).
34 -I alternate method to specify inverse pro‐
36 jection. Redundant when used with
37 invproj.
38 -o Selects binary output only (see -b
40 option).
41 -ta A specifies a character employed as the
43 first character to denote a control line
44 to be passed through without processing.
45 This option applicable to ascii input
46 only. (# is the default value).
47 -e string
49 String is an arbitrary string to be out‐
50 put if an error is detected during data
51 transformations. The default value is:
52 *\t*. Note that if the -b, -i or -o
53 options are employed, an error is
54 returned as HUGE_VAL value for both
55 return values.
56 -E causes the input coordinates to be copied
58 to the output line prior to printing the
59 converted values.
60 -l[p|P|=|e|u|d]id
62 List projection identifiers with -l, -lp
63 or -lP (expanded) that can be selected
64 with +proj. -l=id gives expanded
65 description of projection id. List
66 ellipsoid identifiers with -le, that can
67 be selected with +ellps, -lu list of
68 cartesian to meter conversion factors
69 that can be selected with +units or -ld
70 list of datums that can be selected with
71 +datum.
72 -r This options reverses the order of the
74 expected input from longitude-latitude or
75 x-y to latitude-longitude or y-x.
76 -s This options reverses the order of the
78 output from x-y or longitude-latitude to
79 y-x or latitude-longitude.
80 -S Causes estimation of meridinal and paral‐
82 lel scale factors, area scale factor and
83 angular distortion, and maximum and mini‐
84 mum scale factors to be listed between <>
85 for each input point. For conformal pro‐
86 jections meridinal and parallel scales
87 factors will be equal and angular distor‐
88 tion zero. Equal area projections will
89 have an area factor of 1.
90 -m mult
92 The cartesian data may be scaled by the
93 mult parameter. When processing data in
94 a forward projection mode the cartesian
95 output values are multiplied by mult oth‐
96 erwise the input cartesian values are
97 divided by mult before inverse projec‐
98 tion. If the first two characters of
99 mult are 1/ or 1: then the reciprocal
100 value of mult is employed.
101 -f format
103 Format is a printf format string to con‐
104 trol the form of the output values. For
105 inverse projections, the output will be
106 in degrees when this option is employed.
107 The default format is "%.2f" for forward
108 projection and DMS for inverse.
109 -[w|W]n
111 N is the number of significant fractional
112 digits to employ for seconds output (when
113 the option is not specified, -w3 is
114 assumed). When -W is employed the fields
115 will be constant width and with leading
116 zeroes.
117 -v causes a listing of cartographic control
119 parameters tested for and used by the
120 program to be printed prior to input
121 data. Should not be used with the -T
122 option.
123 -V This option causes an expanded annotated
125 listing of the characteristics of the
126 projected point. -v is implied with this
127 option.
128 -T ulow,uhi,vlow,vhi,res[,umax,vmax]
130 This option creates a set of bivariate
131 Chebyshev polynomial coefficients that
132 approximate the selected cartographic
133 projection on stdout. The values low and
134 hi denote the range of the input where
135 the u or v prefixes apply to respective
136 longitude-x or latitude-y depending upon
137 whether a forward or inverse projection
138 is selected. Res is an integer number
139 specifying the power of 10 precision of
140 the approximation. For example, a res of
141 -3 specifies an approximation with an
142 accuracy better than .001. Umax, and
143 vmax specify maximum degree of the poly‐
144 nomials (default: 15). See also:
145 fproj(1).
146 The +args run-line arguments are associated with
148 cartographic parameters and usage varies with
149 projection and for a complete description see
150 Cartographic Projection Procedures for the UNIX
151 Environment—A User's Manual ) and supplementary
152 documentation for Release 4.
153 Additional projection control parameters may be
155 contained in two auxiliary control files: the
156 first is optionally referenced with the
157 +init=file:id and the second is always processed
158 after the name of the projection has been estab‐
159 lished from either the run-line or the contents
160 of +init file. The environment parameter
161 PROJ_LIB establishes the default directory for a
162 file reference without an absolute path. This
163 is also used for supporting files like datum
164 shift files.
165 One or more files (processed in left to right
167 order) specify the source of data to be trans‐
168 formed. A - will specify the location of pro‐
169 cessing standard input. If no files are speci‐
170 fied, the input is assumed to be from stdin.
171 For ASCII input data the two data values must be
172 in the first two white space separated fields
173 and when both input and output are ASCII all
174 trailing portions of the input line are appended
175 to the output line.
176 Input geographic data (longitude and latitude)
178 must be in DMS format and input cartesian data
179 must be in units consistent with the ellipsoid
180 major axis or sphere radius units. Output geo‐
181 graphic coordinates will be in DMS (if the -w
182 switch is not employed) and precise to 0.001"
183 with trailing, zero-valued minute-second fields
184 deleted.
185
187 The following script
188 proj +proj=utm +lon_0=112w +ellps=clrk66
189 -r <<EOF
190 45d15'33.1" 111.5W
191 45d15.551666667N -111d30
192 +45.25919444444 111d30'000w
193 EOF
194 will perform UTM forward projection with a stan‐
195 dard UTM central meridian nearest longitude
196 112°W. The geographic values of this example
197 are equivalent and meant as examples of various
198 forms of DMS input. The x-y output data will
199 appear as three lines of:
200 460769.27 5011648.45
201
203 The proj program is limited to converting
204 between geographic and projection coordinates
205 within one datum.
206 The cs2cs program operates similarly, but allows
208 translation between any pair of definable coor‐
209 dinate systems, including support for datum
210 translation.
211 The nad2nad program provides for translation
213 between NAD27 and NAD83 (also available in
214 cs2cs) in a convenient manner.
215 The geod program provides the ability to compute
217 geodesic (Great Circle) computations.
218
220 cs2cs(1U), nad2nad(1U), geod(1U), pj_init(3U),
221 Cartographic Projection Procedures for the UNIX
222 Environment—A User's Manual, (Evenden, 1990,
223 Open-file report 90-284).
224 Map Projections Used by the U. S. Geological
225 Survey (Snyder, 1984, USGS Bulletin 1532).
226 Map Projections—A Working Manual (Snyder, 1988,
227 USGS Prof. Paper 1395).
228 An Album of Map Projections (Snyder & Voxland,
229 1989, USGS Prof. Paper 1453).
230
232 http://www.remotesensing.org/proj
233 2000/03/21 Rel. 4.4 PROJ(1)