1PROJ(1) General Commands Manual PROJ(1)
2
6 proj - forward cartographic projection filter
7 invproj - inverse cartographic projection filter
8
10 proj [ -bcCeEfiIlmorsStTvVwW [ args ] ] [ +args
11 ] file[s]
12 invproj [ -bcCeEfiIlmorsStTwW [ args ] ] [ +args
13 ] file[s]
14
16 Proj and invproj perform respective forward and
17 inverse transformation of cartographic data to
18 or from cartesian data with a wide range of
19 selectable projection functions.
20 The following control parameters can appear in
22 any order:
23 -b Special option for binary coordinate data
25 input and output through standard input
26 and standard output. Data is assumed to
27 be in system type double floating point
28 words. This option is to be used when
29 proj is a son process and allows bypass‐
30 ing formatting operations.
31 -i Selects binary input only (see -b
33 option).
34 -C Check. Invoke all built in self tests and
36 report. Get more verbose report by pre‐
37 ceding with the -V option).
38 -I alternate method to specify inverse pro‐
40 jection. Redundant when used with
41 invproj.
42 -o Selects binary output only (see -b
44 option).
45 -ta A specifies a character employed as the
47 first character to denote a control line
48 to be passed through without processing.
49 This option applicable to ascii input
50 only. (# is the default value).
51 -e string
53 String is an arbitrary string to be out‐
54 put if an error is detected during data
55 transformations. The default value is:
56 *\t*. Note that if the -b, -i or -o
57 options are employed, an error is
58 returned as HUGE_VAL value for both
59 return values.
60 -E causes the input coordinates to be copied
62 to the output line prior to printing the
63 converted values.
64 -l[p|P|=|e|u|d]id
66 List projection identifiers with -l, -lp
67 or -lP (expanded) that can be selected
68 with +proj. -l=id gives expanded
69 description of projection id. List
70 ellipsoid identifiers with -le, that can
71 be selected with +ellps, -lu list of
72 cartesian to meter conversion factors
73 that can be selected with +units or -ld
74 list of datums that can be selected with
75 +datum.
76 -r This options reverses the order of the
78 expected input from longitude-latitude or
79 x-y to latitude-longitude or y-x.
80 -s This options reverses the order of the
82 output from x-y or longitude-latitude to
83 y-x or latitude-longitude.
84 -S Causes estimation of meridinal and paral‐
86 lel scale factors, area scale factor and
87 angular distortion, and maximum and mini‐
88 mum scale factors to be listed between <>
89 for each input point. For conformal pro‐
90 jections meridinal and parallel scales
91 factors will be equal and angular distor‐
92 tion zero. Equal area projections will
93 have an area factor of 1.
94 -m mult
96 The cartesian data may be scaled by the
97 mult parameter. When processing data in
98 a forward projection mode the cartesian
99 output values are multiplied by mult oth‐
100 erwise the input cartesian values are
101 divided by mult before inverse projec‐
102 tion. If the first two characters of
103 mult are 1/ or 1: then the reciprocal
104 value of mult is employed.
105 -f format
107 Format is a printf format string to con‐
108 trol the form of the output values. For
109 inverse projections, the output will be
110 in degrees when this option is employed.
111 The default format is "%.2f" for forward
112 projection and DMS for inverse.
113 -[w|W]n
115 N is the number of significant fractional
116 digits to employ for seconds output (when
117 the option is not specified, -w3 is
118 assumed). When -W is employed the fields
119 will be constant width and with leading
120 zeroes.
121 -v causes a listing of cartographic control
123 parameters tested for and used by the
124 program to be printed prior to input
125 data. Should not be used with the -T
126 option.
127 -V This option causes an expanded annotated
129 listing of the characteristics of the
130 projected point. -v is implied with this
131 option.
132 -T ulow,uhi,vlow,vhi,res[,umax,vmax]
134 This option creates a set of bivariate
135 Chebyshev polynomial coefficients that
136 approximate the selected cartographic
137 projection on stdout. The values low and
138 hi denote the range of the input where
139 the u or v prefixes apply to respective
140 longitude-x or latitude-y depending upon
141 whether a forward or inverse projection
142 is selected. Res is an integer number
143 specifying the power of 10 precision of
144 the approximation. For example, a res of
145 -3 specifies an approximation with an
146 accuracy better than .001. Umax, and
147 vmax specify maximum degree of the poly‐
148 nomials (default: 15). See also:
149 fproj(1).
150 The +args run-line arguments are associated with
152 cartographic parameters and usage varies with
153 projection and for a complete description see
154 Cartographic Projection Procedures for the UNIX
155 Environment—A User's Manual and supplementary
156 documentation for Release 4.
157 Additional projection control parameters may be
159 contained in two auxiliary control files: the
160 first is optionally referenced with the
161 +init=file:id and the second is always processed
162 after the name of the projection has been estab‐
163 lished from either the run-line or the contents
164 of +init file. The environment parameter
165 PROJ_LIB establishes the default directory for a
166 file reference without an absolute path. This
167 is also used for supporting files like datum
168 shift files.
169 One or more files (processed in left to right
171 order) specify the source of data to be trans‐
172 formed. A - will specify the location of pro‐
173 cessing standard input. If no files are speci‐
174 fied, the input is assumed to be from stdin.
175 For ASCII input data the two data values must be
176 in the first two white space separated fields
177 and when both input and output are ASCII all
178 trailing portions of the input line are appended
179 to the output line.
180 Input geographic data (longitude and latitude)
182 must be in DMS format and input cartesian data
183 must be in units consistent with the ellipsoid
184 major axis or sphere radius units. Output geo‐
185 graphic coordinates will be in DMS (if the -w
186 switch is not employed) and precise to 0.001"
187 with trailing, zero-valued minute-second fields
188 deleted.
189
191 The following script
192 proj +proj=utm +lon_0=112w +ellps=clrk66
193 -r <<EOF
194 45d15'33.1" 111.5W
195 45d15.551666667N -111d30
196 +45.25919444444 111d30'000w
197 EOF
198 will perform UTM forward projection with a stan‐
199 dard UTM central meridian nearest longitude
200 112°W. The geographic values of this example
201 are equivalent and meant as examples of various
202 forms of DMS input. The x-y output data will
203 appear as three lines of:
204 460769.27 5011648.45
205
207 The proj program is limited to converting
208 between geographic and projection coordinates
209 within one datum.
210 The cs2cs program operates similarly, but allows
212 translation between any pair of definable coor‐
213 dinate systems, including support for datum
214 translation.
215 The geod program provides the ability to compute
217 geodesic (Great Circle) computations.
218
220 cs2cs(1), geod(1), pj_init(3),
221 Cartographic Projection Procedures for the UNIX
222 Environment—A User's Manual, (Evenden, 1990,
223 Open-file report 90-284).
224 Map Projections Used by the U. S. Geological
225 Survey (Snyder, 1984, USGS Bulletin 1532).
226 Map Projections—A Working Manual (Snyder, 1988,
227 USGS Prof. Paper 1395).
228 An Album of Map Projections (Snyder & Voxland,
229 1989, USGS Prof. Paper 1453).
230
232 A list of known bugs can found at
233 https://github.com/OSGeo/proj.4/issues where new
234 bug reports can be submitted too.
235
237 http://proj4.org/
238 2000/03/21 Rel. 4.4 PROJ(1)