1PERLMODLIB(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLMODLIB(1)
2
6 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
7
9 Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are
10 described below, and all end in .pm. You may discover compiled library
11 files (usually ending in .so) or small pieces of modules to be
12 autoloaded (ending in .al); these were automatically generated by the
13 installation process. You may also discover files in the library
14 directory that end in either .pl or .ph. These are old libraries
15 supplied so that old programs that use them still run. The .pl files
16 will all eventually be converted into standard modules, and the .ph
17 files made by h2ph will probably end up as extension modules made by
18 h2xs. (Some .ph values may already be available through the POSIX,
19 Errno, or Fcntl modules.) The pl2pm file in the distribution may help
20 in your conversion, but it's just a mechanical process and therefore
21 far from bulletproof.
22 Pragmatic Modules
24 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
25 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
26 work well only when used within a "use", or "no". Most of these are
27 lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them by saying:
28 no integer;
30 no strict 'refs';
31 no warnings;
32 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
34 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the $^H
36 hints variable. Others affect the current package instead, like "use
37 vars" and "use subs", which allow you to predeclare a variables or
38 subroutines within a particular file rather than just a block. Such
39 declarations are effective for the entire file for which they were
40 declared. You cannot rescind them with "no vars" or "no subs".
41 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
43 arybase Set indexing base via $[
45 attributes Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
47 autodie Replace functions with ones that succeed or die with
49 lexical scope
50 autodie::exception
52 Exceptions from autodying functions.
53 autodie::exception::system
55 Exceptions from autodying system().
56 autodie::hints
58 Provide hints about user subroutines to autodie
59 autouse Postpone load of modules until a function is used
61 base Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile
63 time
64 bigint Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
66 bignum Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
68 bigrat Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
70 blib Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
72 bytes Force byte semantics rather than character semantics
74 charnames Access to Unicode character names and named character
76 sequences; also define character names
77 constant Declare constants
79 deprecate Perl pragma for deprecating the core version of a module
81 diagnostics Produce verbose warning diagnostics
83 encoding Allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
85 encoding::warnings
87 Warn on implicit encoding conversions
88 feature Enable new features
90 fields Compile-time class fields
92 filetest Control the filetest permission operators
94 if "use" a Perl module if a condition holds
96 inc::latest Use modules bundled in inc/ if they are newer than
98 installed ones
99 integer Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
101 less Request less of something
103 lib Manipulate @INC at compile time
105 locale Use or avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
107 mro Method Resolution Order
109 open Set default PerlIO layers for input and output
111 ops Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
113 overload Package for overloading Perl operations
115 overloading Lexically control overloading
117 parent Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile
119 time
120 perldoc Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
122 perlfaq Frequently asked questions about Perl
124 perlfaq1 General Questions About Perl
126 perlfaq2 Obtaining and Learning about Perl
128 perlfaq3 Programming Tools
130 perlfaq4 Data Manipulation
132 perlfaq5 Files and Formats
134 perlfaq6 Regular Expressions
136 perlfaq7 General Perl Language Issues
138 perlfaq8 System Interaction
140 perlfaq9 Web, Email and Networking
142 perlfunc Perl builtin functions
144 perlglossary
146 Perl Glossary
147 perlpodspeccopy
149 Plain Old Documentation: format specification and notes
150 perlvarcopy Perl predefined variables
152 perlxs XS language reference manual
154 perlxstut Tutorial for writing XSUBs
156 perlxstypemap
158 Perl XS C/Perl type mapping
159 re Alter regular expression behaviour
161 sigtrap Enable simple signal handling
163 sort Control sort() behaviour
165 strict Restrict unsafe constructs
167 subs Predeclare sub names
169 threads Perl interpreter-based threads
171 threads::shared
173 Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads
174 utf8 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
176 vars Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
178 version Perl extension for Version Objects
180 vmsish Control VMS-specific language features
182 warnings Control optional warnings
184 warnings::register
186 Warnings import function
187 Standard Modules
189 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
190 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
191 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
192 It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
194 system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
195 don't have the gdbm library.
196 AnyDBM_File Provide framework for multiple DBMs
198 App::Cpan Easily interact with CPAN from the command line
200 App::Prove Implements the "prove" command.
202 App::Prove::State
204 State storage for the "prove" command.
205 App::Prove::State::Result
207 Individual test suite results.
208 App::Prove::State::Result::Test
210 Individual test results.
211 Archive::Extract
213 A generic archive extracting mechanism
214 Archive::Tar
216 Module for manipulations of tar archives
217 Archive::Tar::File
219 A subclass for in-memory extracted file from Archive::Tar
220 Attribute::Handlers
222 Simpler definition of attribute handlers
223 AutoLoader Load subroutines only on demand
225 AutoSplit Split a package for autoloading
227 B The Perl Compiler Backend
229 B::Concise Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
231 B::Debug Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
233 B::Deparse Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
235 B::Lint Perl lint
237 B::Lint::Debug
239 Adds debugging stringification to B::
240 B::Showlex Show lexical variables used in functions or files
242 B::Terse Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
244 B::Xref Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
246 Benchmark Benchmark running times of Perl code
248 "Socket" Networking constants and support functions
250 CGI Handle Common Gateway Interface requests and responses
252 CGI::Apache Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
254 CGI::Carp CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log
256 CGI::Cookie Interface to HTTP Cookies
258 CGI::Fast CGI Interface for Fast CGI
260 CGI::Pretty Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
262 CGI::Push Simple Interface to Server Push
264 CGI::Switch Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
266 CGI::Util Internal utilities used by CGI module
268 CORE Namespace for Perl's core routines
270 CPAN Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
272 CPAN::API::HOWTO
274 A recipe book for programming with CPAN.pm
275 CPAN::Debug Internal debugging for CPAN.pm
277 CPAN::Distroprefs
279 Read and match distroprefs
280 CPAN::FirstTime
282 Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
283 CPAN::HandleConfig
285 Internal configuration handling for CPAN.pm
286 CPAN::Kwalify
288 Interface between CPAN.pm and Kwalify.pm
289 CPAN::Meta The distribution metadata for a CPAN dist
291 CPAN::Meta::Converter
293 Convert CPAN distribution metadata structures
294 CPAN::Meta::Feature
296 An optional feature provided by a CPAN distribution
297 CPAN::Meta::History
299 History of CPAN Meta Spec changes
300 CPAN::Meta::Prereqs
302 A set of distribution prerequisites by phase and type
303 CPAN::Meta::Requirements
305 A set of version requirements for a CPAN dist
306 CPAN::Meta::Spec
308 Specification for CPAN distribution metadata
309 CPAN::Meta::Validator
311 Validate CPAN distribution metadata structures
312 CPAN::Meta::YAML
314 Read and write a subset of YAML for CPAN Meta files
315 CPAN::Nox Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
317 CPAN::Queue Internal queue support for CPAN.pm
319 CPAN::Tarzip
321 Internal handling of tar archives for CPAN.pm
322 CPAN::Version
324 Utility functions to compare CPAN versions
325 CPANPLUS API & CLI access to the CPAN mirrors
327 CPANPLUS::Backend
329 Programmer's interface to CPANPLUS
330 CPANPLUS::Backend::RV
332 Return value objects
333 CPANPLUS::Config
335 Configuration defaults and heuristics for CPANPLUS
336 CPANPLUS::Configure
338 Configuration for CPANPLUS
339 CPANPLUS::Dist
341 Base class for plugins
342 CPANPLUS::Dist::Autobundle
344 Distribution class for installation snapshots
345 CPANPLUS::Dist::Base
347 Base class for custom distribution classes
348 CPANPLUS::Dist::Build
350 CPANPLUS plugin to install packages that use Build.PL
351 CPANPLUS::Dist::Build::Constants
353 Constants for CPANPLUS::Dist::Build
354 CPANPLUS::Dist::MM
356 Distribution class for MakeMaker related modules
357 CPANPLUS::Dist::Sample
359 Sample code to create your own Dist::* plugin
360 CPANPLUS::Error
362 Error handling for CPANPLUS
363 CPANPLUS::FAQ
365 CPANPLUS Frequently Asked Questions
366 CPANPLUS::Hacking
368 Developing CPANPLUS
369 CPANPLUS::Internals
371 CPANPLUS internals
372 CPANPLUS::Internals::Extract
374 Internals for archive extraction
375 CPANPLUS::Internals::Fetch
377 Internals for fetching files
378 CPANPLUS::Internals::Report
380 Internals for sending test reports
381 CPANPLUS::Internals::Search
383 Internals for searching for modules
384 CPANPLUS::Internals::Source
386 Internals for updating source files
387 CPANPLUS::Internals::Source::Memory
389 In memory implementation
390 CPANPLUS::Internals::Source::SQLite
392 SQLite implementation
393 CPANPLUS::Internals::Utils
395 Convenience functions for CPANPLUS
396 CPANPLUS::Module
398 CPAN module objects for CPANPLUS
399 CPANPLUS::Module::Author
401 CPAN author object for CPANPLUS
402 CPANPLUS::Module::Author::Fake
404 Dummy author object for CPANPLUS
405 CPANPLUS::Module::Checksums
407 Checking the checksum of a distribution
408 CPANPLUS::Module::Fake
410 Fake module object for internal use
411 CPANPLUS::Selfupdate
413 Self-updating for CPANPLUS
414 CPANPLUS::Shell
416 Base class for CPANPLUS shells
417 CPANPLUS::Shell::Classic
419 CPAN.pm emulation for CPANPLUS
420 CPANPLUS::Shell::Default
422 The default CPANPLUS shell
423 CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::CustomSource
425 Add custom sources to CPANPLUS
426 CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::HOWTO
428 Documentation on how to write your own plugins
429 CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::Remote
431 Connect to a remote CPANPLUS
432 CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::Source
434 Read in CPANPLUS commands
435 Carp Alternative warn and die for modules
437 Class::Struct
439 Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
440 Compress::Raw::Bzip2
442 Low-Level Interface to bzip2 compression library
443 Compress::Raw::Zlib
445 Low-Level Interface to zlib compression library
446 Compress::Zlib
448 Interface to zlib compression library
449 Config Access Perl configuration information
451 Cwd Get pathname of current working directory
453 DB Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API
455 DBM_Filter Filter DBM keys/values
457 DBM_Filter::compress
459 Filter for DBM_Filter
460 DBM_Filter::encode
462 Filter for DBM_Filter
463 DBM_Filter::int32
465 Filter for DBM_Filter
466 DBM_Filter::null
468 Filter for DBM_Filter
469 DBM_Filter::utf8
471 Filter for DBM_Filter
472 DB_File Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
474 Data::Dumper
476 Stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
477 printing and "eval"
478 Devel::InnerPackage
480 Find all the inner packages of a package
481 Devel::PPPort
483 Perl/Pollution/Portability
484 Devel::Peek A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
486 Devel::SelfStubber
488 Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
489 Digest Modules that calculate message digests
491 Digest::MD5 Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
493 Digest::SHA Perl extension for SHA-1/224/256/384/512
495 Digest::base
497 Digest base class
498 Digest::file
500 Calculate digests of files
501 DirHandle Supply object methods for directory handles
503 Dumpvalue Provides screen dump of Perl data.
505 DynaLoader Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
507 Encode Character encodings in Perl
509 Encode::Alias
511 Alias definitions to encodings
512 Encode::Byte
514 Single Byte Encodings
515 Encode::CJKConstants
517 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
518 Encode::CN China-based Chinese Encodings
520 Encode::CN::HZ
522 Internally used by Encode::CN
523 Encode::Config
525 Internally used by Encode
526 Encode::EBCDIC
528 EBCDIC Encodings
529 Encode::Encoder
531 Object Oriented Encoder
532 Encode::Encoding
534 Encode Implementation Base Class
535 Encode::GSM0338
537 ESTI GSM 03.38 Encoding
538 Encode::Guess
540 Guesses encoding from data
541 Encode::JP Japanese Encodings
543 Encode::JP::H2Z
545 Internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
546 Encode::JP::JIS7
548 Internally used by Encode::JP
549 Encode::KR Korean Encodings
551 Encode::KR::2022_KR
553 Internally used by Encode::KR
554 Encode::MIME::Header
556 MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
557 Encode::MIME::Name
559 Internally used by Encode
560 Encode::PerlIO
562 A detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
563 Encode::Supported
565 Encodings supported by Encode
566 Encode::Symbol
568 Symbol Encodings
569 Encode::TW Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
571 Encode::Unicode
573 Various Unicode Transformation Formats
574 Encode::Unicode::UTF7
576 UTF-7 encoding
577 English Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
579 variables
580 Env Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars
582 or arrays
583 Errno System errno constants
585 Exporter Implements default import method for modules
587 Exporter::Heavy
589 Exporter guts
590 ExtUtils::CBuilder
592 Compile and link C code for Perl modules
593 ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows
595 Builder class for Windows platforms
596 ExtUtils::Command
598 Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
599 ExtUtils::Command::MM
601 Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
602 ExtUtils::Constant
604 Generate XS code to import C header constants
605 ExtUtils::Constant::Base
607 Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
608 ExtUtils::Constant::Utils
610 Helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant
611 ExtUtils::Constant::XS
613 Generate C code for XS modules' constants.
614 ExtUtils::Embed
616 Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
617 ExtUtils::Install
619 Install files from here to there
620 ExtUtils::Installed
622 Inventory management of installed modules
623 ExtUtils::Liblist
625 Determine libraries to use and how to use them
626 ExtUtils::MM
628 OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
629 ExtUtils::MM_AIX
631 AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
632 ExtUtils::MM_Any
634 Platform-agnostic MM methods
635 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS
637 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
638 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
640 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
641 ExtUtils::MM_DOS
643 DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
644 ExtUtils::MM_Darwin
646 Special behaviors for OS X
647 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS
649 Once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
650 ExtUtils::MM_NW5
652 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
653 ExtUtils::MM_OS2
655 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
656 ExtUtils::MM_QNX
658 QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
659 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN
661 U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
662 ExtUtils::MM_Unix
664 Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
665 ExtUtils::MM_VMS
667 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
668 ExtUtils::MM_VOS
670 VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
671 ExtUtils::MM_Win32
673 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
674 ExtUtils::MM_Win95
676 Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
677 ExtUtils::MY
679 ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
680 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
682 Create a module Makefile
683 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config
685 Wrapper around Config.pm
686 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ
688 Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker
689 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial
691 Writing a module with MakeMaker
692 ExtUtils::Manifest
694 Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
695 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
697 Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
698 ExtUtils::Mksymlists
700 Write linker options files for dynamic extension
701 ExtUtils::Packlist
703 Manage .packlist files
704 ExtUtils::ParseXS
706 Converts Perl XS code into C code
707 ExtUtils::ParseXS::Constants
709 Initialization values for some globals
710 ExtUtils::ParseXS::Utilities
712 Subroutines used with ExtUtils::ParseXS
713 ExtUtils::Typemaps
715 Read/Write/Modify Perl/XS typemap files
716 ExtUtils::Typemaps::Cmd
718 Quick commands for handling typemaps
719 ExtUtils::Typemaps::InputMap
721 Entry in the INPUT section of a typemap
722 ExtUtils::Typemaps::OutputMap
724 Entry in the OUTPUT section of a typemap
725 ExtUtils::Typemaps::Type
727 Entry in the TYPEMAP section of a typemap
728 ExtUtils::XSSymSet
730 Keep sets of symbol names palatable to the VMS linker
731 ExtUtils::testlib
733 Add blib/* directories to @INC
734 Fatal Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
736 Fcntl Load the C Fcntl.h defines
738 File::Basename
740 Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix.
741 File::CheckTree
743 Run many filetest checks on a tree
744 File::Compare
746 Compare files or filehandles
747 File::Copy Copy files or filehandles
749 File::DosGlob
751 DOS like globbing and then some
752 File::Fetch A generic file fetching mechanism
754 File::Find Traverse a directory tree.
756 File::Glob Perl extension for BSD glob routine
758 File::GlobMapper
760 Extend File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files
761 File::Path Create or remove directory trees
763 File::Spec Portably perform operations on file names
765 File::Spec::Cygwin
767 Methods for Cygwin file specs
768 File::Spec::Epoc
770 Methods for Epoc file specs
771 File::Spec::Functions
773 Portably perform operations on file names
774 File::Spec::Mac
776 File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
777 File::Spec::OS2
779 Methods for OS/2 file specs
780 File::Spec::Unix
782 File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
783 File::Spec::VMS
785 Methods for VMS file specs
786 File::Spec::Win32
788 Methods for Win32 file specs
789 File::Temp Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
791 File::stat By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
793 FileCache Keep more files open than the system permits
795 FileHandle Supply object methods for filehandles
797 Filter::Simple
799 Simplified source filtering
800 Filter::Util::Call
802 Perl Source Filter Utility Module
803 FindBin Locate directory of original perl script
805 GDBM_File Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
807 Getopt::Long
809 Extended processing of command line options
810 Getopt::Std Process single-character switches with switch clustering
812 HTTP::Tiny A small, simple, correct HTTP/1.1 client
814 Hash::Util A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
816 Hash::Util::FieldHash
818 Support for Inside-Out Classes
819 I18N::Collate
821 Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
822 I18N::LangTags
824 Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
825 I18N::LangTags::Detect
827 Detect the user's language preferences
828 I18N::LangTags::List
830 Tags and names for human languages
831 I18N::Langinfo
833 Query locale information
834 IO Load various IO modules
836 IO::Compress::Base
838 Base Class for IO::Compress modules
839 IO::Compress::Bzip2
841 Write bzip2 files/buffers
842 IO::Compress::Deflate
844 Write RFC 1950 files/buffers
845 IO::Compress::FAQ
847 Frequently Asked Questions about IO::Compress
848 IO::Compress::Gzip
850 Write RFC 1952 files/buffers
851 IO::Compress::RawDeflate
853 Write RFC 1951 files/buffers
854 IO::Compress::Zip
856 Write zip files/buffers
857 IO::Dir Supply object methods for directory handles
859 IO::File Supply object methods for filehandles
861 IO::Handle Supply object methods for I/O handles
863 IO::Pipe Supply object methods for pipes
865 IO::Poll Object interface to system poll call
867 IO::Seekable
869 Supply seek based methods for I/O objects
870 IO::Select OO interface to the select system call
872 IO::Socket Object interface to socket communications
874 IO::Socket::INET
876 Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
877 IO::Socket::UNIX
879 Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
880 IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate
882 Uncompress zlib-based (zip, gzip) file/buffer
883 IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress
885 Uncompress gzip, zip, bzip2 or lzop file/buffer
886 IO::Uncompress::Base
888 Base Class for IO::Uncompress modules
889 IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2
891 Read bzip2 files/buffers
892 IO::Uncompress::Gunzip
894 Read RFC 1952 files/buffers
895 IO::Uncompress::Inflate
897 Read RFC 1950 files/buffers
898 IO::Uncompress::RawInflate
900 Read RFC 1951 files/buffers
901 IO::Uncompress::Unzip
903 Read zip files/buffers
904 IO::Zlib IO:: style interface to Compress::Zlib
906 IPC::Cmd Finding and running system commands made easy
908 IPC::Msg SysV Msg IPC object class
910 IPC::Open2 Open a process for both reading and writing using open2()
912 IPC::Open3 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
914 using open3()
915 IPC::Semaphore
917 SysV Semaphore IPC object class
918 IPC::SharedMem
920 SysV Shared Memory IPC object class
921 IPC::SysV System V IPC constants and system calls
923 JSON::PP JSON::XS compatible pure-Perl module.
925 JSON::PP::Boolean
927 Dummy module providing JSON::PP::Boolean
928 List::Util A selection of general-utility list subroutines
930 List::Util::XS
932 Indicate if List::Util was compiled with a C compiler
933 Locale::Codes
935 A distribution of modules to handle locale codes
936 Locale::Codes::API
938 A description of the callable function in each module
939 Locale::Codes::Changes
941 Details changes to Locale::Codes
942 Locale::Codes::Constants
944 Constants for Locale codes
945 Locale::Codes::Country
947 Standard codes for country identification
948 Locale::Codes::Country_Codes
950 Country codes for the Locale::Codes::Country module
951 Locale::Codes::Country_Retired
953 Retired country codes for the Locale::Codes::Country module
954 Locale::Codes::Currency
956 Standard codes for currency identification
957 Locale::Codes::Currency_Codes
959 Currency codes for the Locale::Codes::Currency module
960 Locale::Codes::Currency_Retired
962 Retired currency codes for the Locale::Codes::Currency
963 module
964 Locale::Codes::LangExt
966 Standard codes for language extension identification
967 Locale::Codes::LangExt_Codes
969 Langext codes for the Locale::Codes::LangExt module
970 Locale::Codes::LangExt_Retired
972 Retired langext codes for the Locale::Codes::LangExt module
973 Locale::Codes::LangFam
975 Standard codes for language extension identification
976 Locale::Codes::LangFam_Codes
978 Langfam codes for the Locale::Codes::LangFam module
979 Locale::Codes::LangFam_Retired
981 Retired langfam codes for the Locale::Codes::LangFam module
982 Locale::Codes::LangVar
984 Standard codes for language variation identification
985 Locale::Codes::LangVar_Codes
987 Langvar codes for the Locale::Codes::LangVar module
988 Locale::Codes::LangVar_Retired
990 Retired langvar codes for the Locale::Codes::LangVar module
991 Locale::Codes::Language
993 Standard codes for language identification
994 Locale::Codes::Language_Codes
996 Language codes for the Locale::Codes::Language module
997 Locale::Codes::Language_Retired
999 Retired language codes for the Locale::Codes::Language
1000 module
1001 Locale::Codes::Script
1003 Standard codes for script identification
1004 Locale::Codes::Script_Codes
1006 Script codes for the Locale::Codes::Script module
1007 Locale::Codes::Script_Retired
1009 Retired script codes for the Locale::Codes::Script module
1010 Locale::Country
1012 Standard codes for country identification
1013 Locale::Currency
1015 Standard codes for currency identification
1016 Locale::Language
1018 Standard codes for language identification
1019 Locale::Maketext
1021 Framework for localization
1022 Locale::Maketext::Cookbook
1024 Recipes for using Locale::Maketext
1025 Locale::Maketext::Guts
1027 Deprecated module to load Locale::Maketext utf8 code
1028 Locale::Maketext::GutsLoader
1030 Deprecated module to load Locale::Maketext utf8 code
1031 Locale::Maketext::Simple
1033 Simple interface to Locale::Maketext::Lexicon
1034 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
1036 Article about software localization
1037 Locale::Script
1039 Standard codes for script identification
1040 Log::Message
1042 A generic message storing mechanism;
1043 Log::Message::Config
1045 Configuration options for Log::Message
1046 Log::Message::Handlers
1048 Message handlers for Log::Message
1049 Log::Message::Item
1051 Message objects for Log::Message
1052 Log::Message::Simple
1054 Simplified interface to Log::Message
1055 MIME::Base64
1057 Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
1058 MIME::QuotedPrint
1060 Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings
1061 Math::BigFloat
1063 Arbitrary size floating point math package
1064 Math::BigInt
1066 Arbitrary size integer/float math package
1067 Math::BigInt::Calc
1069 Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
1070 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu
1072 Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
1073 Math::BigInt::FastCalc
1075 Math::BigInt::Calc with some XS for more speed
1076 Math::BigRat
1078 Arbitrary big rational numbers
1079 Math::Complex
1081 Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
1082 Math::Trig Trigonometric functions
1084 Memoize Make functions faster by trading space for time
1086 Memoize::AnyDBM_File
1088 Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
1089 Memoize::Expire
1091 Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
1092 Memoize::ExpireFile
1094 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
1095 Memoize::ExpireTest
1097 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
1098 Memoize::NDBM_File
1100 Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
1101 Memoize::SDBM_File
1103 Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
1104 Memoize::Storable
1106 Store Memoized data in Storable database
1107 Module::Build
1109 Build and install Perl modules
1110 Module::Build::API
1112 API Reference for Module Authors
1113 Module::Build::Authoring
1115 Authoring Module::Build modules
1116 Module::Build::Base
1118 Default methods for Module::Build
1119 Module::Build::Bundling
1121 How to bundle Module::Build with a distribution
1122 Module::Build::Compat
1124 Compatibility with ExtUtils::MakeMaker
1125 Module::Build::ConfigData
1127 Configuration for Module::Build
1128 Module::Build::Cookbook
1130 Examples of Module::Build Usage
1131 Module::Build::ModuleInfo
1133 DEPRECATED
1134 Module::Build::Notes
1136 Create persistent distribution configuration modules
1137 Module::Build::PPMMaker
1139 Perl Package Manager file creation
1140 Module::Build::Platform::Amiga
1142 Builder class for Amiga platforms
1143 Module::Build::Platform::Default
1145 Stub class for unknown platforms
1146 Module::Build::Platform::EBCDIC
1148 Builder class for EBCDIC platforms
1149 Module::Build::Platform::MPEiX
1151 Builder class for MPEiX platforms
1152 Module::Build::Platform::MacOS
1154 Builder class for MacOS platforms
1155 Module::Build::Platform::RiscOS
1157 Builder class for RiscOS platforms
1158 Module::Build::Platform::Unix
1160 Builder class for Unix platforms
1161 Module::Build::Platform::VMS
1163 Builder class for VMS platforms
1164 Module::Build::Platform::VOS
1166 Builder class for VOS platforms
1167 Module::Build::Platform::Windows
1169 Builder class for Windows platforms
1170 Module::Build::Platform::aix
1172 Builder class for AIX platform
1173 Module::Build::Platform::cygwin
1175 Builder class for Cygwin platform
1176 Module::Build::Platform::darwin
1178 Builder class for Mac OS X platform
1179 Module::Build::Platform::os2
1181 Builder class for OS/2 platform
1182 Module::Build::Version
1184 DEPRECATED
1185 Module::Build::YAML
1187 DEPRECATED
1188 Module::CoreList
1190 What modules shipped with versions of perl
1191 Module::Load
1193 Runtime require of both modules and files
1194 Module::Load::Conditional
1196 Looking up module information / loading at runtime
1197 Module::Loaded
1199 Mark modules as loaded or unloaded
1200 Module::Metadata
1202 Gather package and POD information from perl module files
1203 Module::Pluggable
1205 Automatically give your module the ability to have plugins
1206 Module::Pluggable::Object
1208 Automatically give your module the ability to have plugins
1209 NDBM_File Tied access to ndbm files
1211 NEXT Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
1213 redispatch
1214 Net::Cmd Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
1216 Net::Config Local configuration data for libnet
1218 Net::Domain Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and
1220 domain
1221 Net::FTP FTP Client class
1223 Net::NNTP NNTP Client class
1225 Net::Netrc OO interface to users netrc file
1227 Net::POP3 Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
1229 Net::Ping Check a remote host for reachability
1231 Net::SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
1233 Net::Time Time and daytime network client interface
1235 Net::hostent
1237 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
1238 Net::libnetFAQ
1240 Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
1241 Net::netent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
1243 Net::protoent
1245 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
1246 Net::servent
1248 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
1249 O Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
1251 ODBM_File Tied access to odbm files
1253 Object::Accessor
1255 Interface to create per object accessors
1256 Opcode Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
1258 POSIX Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
1260 Package::Constants
1262 List all constants declared in a package
1263 Params::Check
1265 A generic input parsing/checking mechanism.
1266 Parse::CPAN::Meta
1268 Parse META.yml and META.json CPAN metadata files
1269 Perl::OSType
1271 Map Perl operating system names to generic types
1272 PerlIO On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
1274 name space
1275 PerlIO::encoding
1277 Encoding layer
1278 PerlIO::mmap
1280 Memory mapped IO
1281 PerlIO::scalar
1283 In-memory IO, scalar IO
1284 PerlIO::via Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
1286 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint
1288 PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
1289 Pod::Checker
1291 Check pod documents for syntax errors
1292 Pod::Escapes
1294 For resolving Pod E<...> sequences
1295 Pod::Find Find POD documents in directory trees
1297 Pod::Functions
1299 Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod
1300 Pod::Html Module to convert pod files to HTML
1302 Pod::InputObjects
1304 Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
1305 Pod::LaTeX Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
1307 Pod::Man Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
1309 Pod::ParseLink
1311 Parse an L<> formatting code in POD text
1312 Pod::ParseUtils
1314 Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
1315 Pod::Parser Base class for creating POD filters and translators
1317 Pod::Perldoc
1319 Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
1320 Pod::Perldoc::BaseTo
1322 Base for Pod::Perldoc formatters
1323 Pod::Perldoc::GetOptsOO
1325 Customized option parser for Pod::Perldoc
1326 Pod::Perldoc::ToANSI
1328 Render Pod with ANSI color escapes
1329 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker
1331 Let Perldoc check Pod for errors
1332 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan
1334 Let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
1335 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff
1337 Let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
1338 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod
1340 Let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
1341 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf
1343 Let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
1344 Pod::Perldoc::ToTerm
1346 Render Pod with terminal escapes
1347 Pod::Perldoc::ToText
1349 Let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
1350 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk
1352 Let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
1353 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml
1355 Let Perldoc render Pod as XML
1356 Pod::PlainText
1358 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
1359 Pod::Select Extract selected sections of POD from input
1361 Pod::Simple Framework for parsing Pod
1363 Pod::Simple::Checker
1365 Check the Pod syntax of a document
1366 Pod::Simple::Debug
1368 Put Pod::Simple into trace/debug mode
1369 Pod::Simple::DumpAsText
1371 Dump Pod-parsing events as text
1372 Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML
1374 Turn Pod into XML
1375 Pod::Simple::HTML
1377 Convert Pod to HTML
1378 Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch
1380 Convert several Pod files to several HTML files
1381 Pod::Simple::LinkSection
1383 Represent "section" attributes of L codes
1384 Pod::Simple::Methody
1386 Turn Pod::Simple events into method calls
1387 Pod::Simple::PullParser
1389 A pull-parser interface to parsing Pod
1390 Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken
1392 End-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1393 Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken
1395 Start-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1396 Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken
1398 Text-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1399 Pod::Simple::PullParserToken
1401 Tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1402 Pod::Simple::RTF
1404 Format Pod as RTF
1405 Pod::Simple::Search
1407 Find POD documents in directory trees
1408 Pod::Simple::SimpleTree
1410 Parse Pod into a simple parse tree
1411 Pod::Simple::Subclassing
1413 Write a formatter as a Pod::Simple subclass
1414 Pod::Simple::Text
1416 Format Pod as plaintext
1417 Pod::Simple::TextContent
1419 Get the text content of Pod
1420 Pod::Simple::XHTML
1422 Format Pod as validating XHTML
1423 Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream
1425 Turn Pod into XML
1426 Pod::Text Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
1428 Pod::Text::Color
1430 Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
1431 Pod::Text::Termcap
1433 Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
1434 Pod::Usage Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
1436 SDBM_File Tied access to sdbm files
1438 Safe Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
1440 Scalar::Util
1442 A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
1443 Search::Dict
1445 Look - search for key in dictionary file
1446 SelectSaver Save and restore selected file handle
1448 SelfLoader Load functions only on demand
1450 Storable Persistence for Perl data structures
1452 Symbol Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
1454 Sys::Hostname
1456 Try every conceivable way to get hostname
1457 Sys::Syslog Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
1459 Sys::Syslog::Win32
1461 Win32 support for Sys::Syslog
1462 TAP::Base Base class that provides common functionality to
1464 TAP::Parser
1465 TAP::Formatter::Base
1467 Base class for harness output delegates
1468 TAP::Formatter::Color
1470 Run Perl test scripts with color
1471 TAP::Formatter::Console
1473 Harness output delegate for default console output
1474 TAP::Formatter::Console::ParallelSession
1476 Harness output delegate for parallel console output
1477 TAP::Formatter::Console::Session
1479 Harness output delegate for default console output
1480 TAP::Formatter::File
1482 Harness output delegate for file output
1483 TAP::Formatter::File::Session
1485 Harness output delegate for file output
1486 TAP::Formatter::Session
1488 Abstract base class for harness output delegate
1489 TAP::Harness
1491 Run test scripts with statistics
1492 TAP::Object Base class that provides common functionality to all
1494 "TAP::*" modules
1495 TAP::Parser Parse TAP output
1497 TAP::Parser::Aggregator
1499 Aggregate TAP::Parser results
1500 TAP::Parser::Grammar
1502 A grammar for the Test Anything Protocol.
1503 TAP::Parser::Iterator
1505 Base class for TAP source iterators
1506 TAP::Parser::Iterator::Array
1508 Iterator for array-based TAP sources
1509 TAP::Parser::Iterator::Process
1511 Iterator for process-based TAP sources
1512 TAP::Parser::Iterator::Stream
1514 Iterator for filehandle-based TAP sources
1515 TAP::Parser::IteratorFactory
1517 Figures out which SourceHandler objects to use for a given
1518 Source
1519 TAP::Parser::Multiplexer
1521 Multiplex multiple TAP::Parsers
1522 TAP::Parser::Result
1524 Base class for TAP::Parser output objects
1525 TAP::Parser::Result::Bailout
1527 Bailout result token.
1528 TAP::Parser::Result::Comment
1530 Comment result token.
1531 TAP::Parser::Result::Plan
1533 Plan result token.
1534 TAP::Parser::Result::Pragma
1536 TAP pragma token.
1537 TAP::Parser::Result::Test
1539 Test result token.
1540 TAP::Parser::Result::Unknown
1542 Unknown result token.
1543 TAP::Parser::Result::Version
1545 TAP syntax version token.
1546 TAP::Parser::Result::YAML
1548 YAML result token.
1549 TAP::Parser::ResultFactory
1551 Factory for creating TAP::Parser output objects
1552 TAP::Parser::Scheduler
1554 Schedule tests during parallel testing
1555 TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Job
1557 A single testing job.
1558 TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Spinner
1560 A no-op job.
1561 TAP::Parser::Source
1563 A TAP source & meta data about it
1564 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler
1566 Base class for different TAP source handlers
1567 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Executable
1569 Stream output from an executable TAP source
1570 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::File
1572 Stream TAP from a text file.
1573 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Handle
1575 Stream TAP from an IO::Handle or a GLOB.
1576 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Perl
1578 Stream TAP from a Perl executable
1579 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::RawTAP
1581 Stream output from raw TAP in a scalar/array ref.
1582 TAP::Parser::Utils
1584 Internal TAP::Parser utilities
1585 TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Reader
1587 Read YAMLish data from iterator
1588 TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Writer
1590 Write YAMLish data
1591 Term::ANSIColor
1593 Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
1594 Term::Cap Perl termcap interface
1596 Term::Complete
1598 Perl word completion module
1599 Term::ReadLine
1601 Perl interface to various "readline" packages.
1602 Term::UI Term::ReadLine UI made easy
1604 Term::UI::History
1606 History function
1607 Test Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
1609 Test::Builder
1611 Backend for building test libraries
1612 Test::Builder::Module
1614 Base class for test modules
1615 Test::Builder::Tester
1617 Test testsuites that have been built with
1618 Test::Builder::Tester::Color
1620 Turn on colour in Test::Builder::Tester
1621 Test::Harness
1623 Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
1624 Test::More Yet another framework for writing test scripts
1626 Test::Simple
1628 Basic utilities for writing tests.
1629 Test::Tutorial
1631 A tutorial about writing really basic tests
1632 Text::Abbrev
1634 Abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
1635 Text::Balanced
1637 Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
1638 Text::ParseWords
1640 Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
1641 Text::Soundex
1643 Implementation of the soundex algorithm.
1644 Text::Tabs Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
1646 unexpand(1)
1647 Text::Wrap Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
1649 Thread Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
1651 Thread::Queue
1653 Thread-safe queues
1654 Thread::Semaphore
1656 Thread-safe semaphores
1657 Tie::Array Base class for tied arrays
1659 Tie::File Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
1661 Tie::Handle Base class definitions for tied handles
1663 Tie::Hash Base class definitions for tied hashes
1665 Tie::Hash::NamedCapture
1667 Named regexp capture buffers
1668 Tie::Memoize
1670 Add data to hash when needed
1671 Tie::RefHash
1673 Use references as hash keys
1674 Tie::Scalar Base class definitions for tied scalars
1676 Tie::StdHandle
1678 Base class definitions for tied handles
1679 Tie::SubstrHash
1681 Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
1682 Time::HiRes High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers
1684 Time::Local Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
1686 Time::Piece Object Oriented time objects
1688 Time::Seconds
1690 A simple API to convert seconds to other date values
1691 Time::gmtime
1693 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
1694 Time::localtime
1696 By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
1697 Time::tm Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
1699 UNIVERSAL Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
1701 Unicode::Collate
1703 Unicode Collation Algorithm
1704 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Big5
1706 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1707 Unicode::Collate::CJK::GB2312
1709 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1710 Unicode::Collate::CJK::JISX0208
1712 Weighting JIS KANJI for Unicode::Collate
1713 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Korean
1715 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1716 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Pinyin
1718 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1719 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Stroke
1721 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1722 Unicode::Collate::Locale
1724 Linguistic tailoring for DUCET via Unicode::Collate
1725 Unicode::Normalize
1727 Unicode Normalization Forms
1728 Unicode::UCD
1730 Unicode character database
1731 User::grent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
1733 User::pwent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
1735 VMS::DCLsym Perl extension to manipulate DCL symbols
1737 VMS::Stdio Standard I/O functions via VMS extensions
1739 Version::Requirements
1741 A set of version requirements for a CPAN dist
1742 Win32API::File
1744 Low-level access to Win32 system API calls for files/dirs.
1745 Win32CORE Win32 CORE function stubs
1747 XS::APItest Test the perl C API
1749 XS::Typemap Module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
1751 XSLoader Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
1753 version::Internals
1755 Perl extension for Version Objects
1756 To find out all modules installed on your system, including those
1758 without documentation or outside the standard release, just use the
1759 following command (under the default win32 shell, double quotes should
1760 be used instead of single quotes).
1761 % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
1763 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
1764 no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
1765 (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.) They should
1767 all have their own documentation installed and accessible via your
1768 system man(1) command. If you do not have a find program, you can use
1769 the Perl find2perl program instead, which generates Perl code as output
1770 you can run through perl. If you have a man program but it doesn't
1771 find your modules, you'll have to fix your manpath. See perl for
1772 details. If you have no system man command, you might try the perldoc
1773 program.
1774 Note also that the command "perldoc perllocal" gives you a (possibly
1776 incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
1777 your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard
1778 MakeMaker install process.)
1779 Extension Modules
1781 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They are
1782 usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them, but may
1783 also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules include
1784 Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
1785 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
1787 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time for
1788 adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of platforms on
1789 which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to look for them on
1790 CPAN (described below), or using web search engines like Alta Vista or
1791 Google.
1792
1794 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
1795 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
1796 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
1797 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for CPAN
1798 can be found at http://www.cpan.org/
1799 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
1801 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
1802 modules are:
1803 · Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
1805 · Development Support
1807 · Operating System Interfaces
1809 · Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
1811 · Data Types and Data Type Utilities
1813 · Database Interfaces
1815 · User Interfaces
1817 · Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
1819 · File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
1821 · String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
1823 · Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
1825 · Internationalization and Locale
1827 · Authentication, Security, and Encryption
1829 · World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
1831 · Server and Daemon Utilities
1833 · Archiving and Compression
1835 · Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
1837 · Mail and Usenet News
1839 · Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
1841 · File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
1843 · Miscellaneous Modules
1845 The list of the registered CPAN sites follows. Please note that the
1847 sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
1848 Continent
1850 |
1851 |-->Country
1852 |
1853 |-->[state/province]
1854 |
1855 |-->ftp
1856 |
1857 |-->[http]
1858 and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
1860 European and the South American sites.
1861 Registered CPAN sites
1863 Africa
1865 South Africa
1866 http://cpan.mirror.ac.za/
1867 ftp://cpan.mirror.ac.za/
1868 http://mirror.is.co.za/pub/cpan/
1869 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/pub/cpan/
1870 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
1871 Asia
1873 China
1874 http://cpan.wenzk.com/
1875 Hong Kong
1877 http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
1878 ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
1879 http://mirrors.geoexpat.com/cpan/
1880 India
1882 http://perlmirror.indialinks.com/
1883 Indonesia
1885 http://cpan.biz.net.id/
1886 http://komo.vlsm.org/CPAN/
1887 ftp://komo.vlsm.org/CPAN/
1888 http://cpan.cermin.lipi.go.id/
1889 ftp://cermin.lipi.go.id/pub/CPAN/
1890 http://cpan.pesat.net.id/
1891 Japan
1893 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
1894 ftp://ftp.kddilabs.jp/CPAN/
1895 http://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/
1896 ftp://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/
1897 http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1898 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1899 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
1900 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1901 http://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/
1902 ftp://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/
1903 http://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/
1904 ftp://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/
1905 Republic of Korea
1907 http://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/pub/CPAN
1908 ftp://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/pub/CPAN
1909 http://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/
1910 ftp://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/CPAN/
1911 http://cpan.sarang.net/
1912 ftp://cpan.sarang.net/CPAN/
1913 Russia
1915 http://cpan.tomsk.ru/
1916 ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/
1917 Singapore
1919 http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
1920 ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
1921 http://cpan.mirror.choon.net/
1922 http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org
1923 ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan
1924 Taiwan
1926 http://ftp.cse.yzu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
1927 ftp://ftp.cse.yzu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
1928 http://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/
1929 ftp://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/
1930 ftp://ftp.ncu.edu.tw/CPAN/
1931 http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/
1932 ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Unix/Lang/CPAN/
1933 http://cpan.stu.edu.tw
1934 ftp://ftp.stu.edu.tw/CPAN
1935 http://ftp.stu.edu.tw/CPAN
1936 ftp://ftp.stu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
1937 http://cpan.cs.pu.edu.tw/
1938 ftp://cpan.cs.pu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
1939 Thailand
1941 http://mirrors.issp.co.th/cpan/
1942 ftp://mirrors.issp.co.th/cpan/
1943 http://mirror.yourconnect.com/CPAN/
1944 ftp://mirror.yourconnect.com/CPAN/
1945 Turkey
1947 http://cpan.gazi.edu.tr/
1948 Central America
1950 Costa Rica
1951 http://mirrors.ucr.ac.cr/CPAN/
1952 ftp://mirrors.ucr.ac.cr/CPAN/
1953 Europe
1955 Austria
1956 http://cpan.inode.at/
1957 ftp://cpan.inode.at
1958 http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/languages/perl/CPAN/
1959 ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
1960 Belgium
1962 http://ftp.belnet.be/mirror/ftp.cpan.org/
1963 ftp://ftp.belnet.be/mirror/ftp.cpan.org/
1964 http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
1965 http://cpan.weepee.org/
1966 Bosnia and Herzegovina
1968 http://cpan.blic.net/
1969 Bulgaria
1971 http://cpan.cbox.biz/
1972 ftp://cpan.cbox.biz/cpan/
1973 http://cpan.digsys.bg/
1974 ftp://ftp.digsys.bg/pub/CPAN
1975 Croatia
1977 http://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/
1978 ftp://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/
1979 Czech Republic
1981 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
1982 http://archive.cpan.cz/
1983 Denmark
1985 http://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan
1986 ftp://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan/
1987 http://www.cpan.dk/
1988 http://mirror.uni-c.dk/pub/CPAN/
1989 Finland
1991 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1992 http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN
1993 France
1995 http://cpan.enstimac.fr/
1996 ftp://ftp.inria.fr/pub/CPAN/
1997 http://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1998 ftp://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1999 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
2000 http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
2001 ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
2002 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/CPAN/
2003 http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2004 ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2005 http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
2006 ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
2007 http://cpan.cict.fr/
2008 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
2009 Germany
2011 ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/languages/perl/
2012 http://mirrors.softliste.de/cpan/
2013 ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/
2014 http://www.planet-elektronik.de/CPAN/
2015 http://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/
2016 ftp://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/
2017 http://www.mirrorspace.org/cpan/
2018 http://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
2019 ftp://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
2020 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
2021 http://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN/
2022 ftp://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN/
2023 http://mirrors.zerg.biz/cpan/
2024 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2025 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2026 http://dl.ambiweb.de/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2027 http://cpan.mirror.clusters.kg/
2028 http://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/
2029 ftp://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/pub/CPAN/
2030 http://cpan.mirroring.de/
2031 http://mirror.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2032 ftp://mirror.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2033 http://www.chemmedia.de/mirrors/CPAN/
2034 http://ftp.cw.net/pub/CPAN/
2035 ftp://ftp.cw.net/pub/CPAN/
2036 http://cpan.cpantesters.org/
2037 ftp://cpan.cpantesters.org/CPAN/
2038 http://cpan.mirrored.de/
2039 ftp://mirror.petamem.com/CPAN/
2040 http://cpan.noris.de/
2041 ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
2042 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
2043 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
2044 Greece
2046 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2047 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
2048 http://cpan.cc.uoc.gr/
2049 ftp://ftp.cc.uoc.gr/mirrors/CPAN/
2050 Hungary
2052 http://cpan.mirrors.enexis.hu/
2053 ftp://cpan.mirrors.enexis.hu/mirrors/cpan/
2054 http://cpan.hu/
2055 Iceland
2057 http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
2058 ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
2059 Ireland
2061 http://ftp.esat.net/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2062 ftp://ftp.esat.net/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2063 http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
2064 ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
2065 Italy
2067 http://bo.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/CPAN/
2068 http://cpan.panu.it/
2069 ftp://ftp.panu.it/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/
2070 Latvia
2072 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
2073 Lithuania
2075 http://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/
2076 ftp://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/
2077 Malta
2079 http://cpan.waldonet.net.mt/
2080 Netherlands
2082 ftp://ftp.quicknet.nl/pub/CPAN/
2083 http://mirror.hostfuss.com/CPAN/
2084 ftp://mirror.hostfuss.com/CPAN/
2085 http://mirrors3.kernel.org/cpan/
2086 ftp://mirrors3.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/
2087 http://cpan.mirror.versatel.nl/
2088 ftp://ftp.mirror.versatel.nl/cpan/
2089 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2090 http://mirror.leaseweb.com/CPAN/
2091 ftp://mirror.leaseweb.com/CPAN/
2092 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
2093 http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
2094 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
2095 http://luxitude.net/cpan/
2096 Norway
2098 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2099 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
2100 Poland
2102 http://piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2103 ftp://ftp.piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2104 http://ftp.man.poznan.pl/pub/CPAN
2105 ftp://ftp.man.poznan.pl/pub/CPAN
2106 ftp://ftp.ps.pl/pub/CPAN/
2107 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
2108 ftp://ftp.tpnet.pl/d4/CPAN/
2109 Portugal
2111 http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/
2112 ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN
2113 ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/
2114 http://cpan.perl.pt/
2115 http://cpan.ip.pt/
2116 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
2117 http://mirrors.nfsi.pt/CPAN/
2118 ftp://mirrors.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN/
2119 http://cpan.dcc.fc.up.pt/
2120 Romania
2122 http://ftp.astral.ro/pub/CPAN/
2123 ftp://ftp.astral.ro/pub/CPAN/
2124 ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN
2125 http://mirrors.xservers.ro/CPAN/
2126 http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/ftp.cpan.org/
2127 ftp://ftp.hostingromania.ro/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2128 ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2129 Russia
2131 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/CPAN/
2132 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
2133 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2134 ftp://ftp.SpringDaemons.com/pub/CPAN/
2135 http://mirror.rol.ru/CPAN/
2136 http://ftp.silvernet.ru/CPAN/
2137 http://ftp.spbu.ru/CPAN/
2138 ftp://ftp.spbu.ru/CPAN/
2139 Slovakia
2141 http://cpan.fyxm.net/
2142 Slovenia
2144 http://www.klevze.si/cpan
2145 Spain
2147 http://osl.ugr.es/CPAN/
2148 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
2149 http://ftp.gui.uva.es/sites/cpan.org/
2150 ftp://ftp.gui.uva.es/sites/cpan.org/
2151 Sweden
2153 http://mirrors4.kernel.org/cpan/
2154 ftp://mirrors4.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/
2155 Switzerland
2157 http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/
2158 ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/
2159 ftp://ftp.adwired.ch/CPAN/
2160 http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/mirror/CPAN/
2161 ftp://mirror.switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
2162 Ukraine
2164 http://cpan.makeperl.org/
2165 ftp://cpan.makeperl.org/pub/CPAN
2166 http://cpan.org.ua/
2167 http://cpan.gafol.net/
2168 ftp://ftp.gafol.net/pub/cpan/
2169 United Kingdom
2171 http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2172 ftp://ftp.mirrorservice.org/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2173 http://mirror.tje.me.uk/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2174 ftp://mirror.tje.me.uk/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2175 http://www.mirror.8086.net/sites/CPAN/
2176 ftp://ftp.mirror.8086.net/sites/CPAN/
2177 http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
2178 ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
2179 http://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/
2180 ftp://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/
2181 http://cpan.etla.org/
2182 ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN
2183 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
2184 http://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/CPAN/
2185 ftp://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/pub/CPAN/
2186 http://ftp.plig.net/pub/CPAN/
2187 ftp://ftp.plig.net/pub/CPAN/
2188 http://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/
2189 ftp://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/
2190 http://cpan.mirrors.uk2.net/
2191 ftp://mirrors.uk2.net/pub/CPAN/
2192 http://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/
2193 ftp://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/
2194 North America
2196 Bahamas
2197 http://www.securehost.com/mirror/CPAN/
2198 Canada
2200 http://cpan.arcticnetwork.ca
2201 ftp://mirror.arcticnetwork.ca/pub/CPAN
2202 http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/
2203 ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/
2204 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
2205 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
2206 http://arwen.cs.dal.ca/mirror/CPAN/
2207 ftp://arwen.cs.dal.ca/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2208 http://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/
2209 ftp://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/pub/CPAN/
2210 ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/
2211 http://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/pub/CPAN/
2212 ftp://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/pub/CPAN/
2213 Mexico
2215 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
2216 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
2217 United States
2219 Alabama
2220 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
2221 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
2222 Arizona
2224 http://cpan.ezarticleinformation.com/
2225 California
2227 http://cpan.knowledgematters.net/
2228 http://cpan.binkerton.com/
2229 http://cpan.develooper.com/
2230 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
2231 http://cpan.schatt.com/
2232 http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
2233 ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
2234 http://mirrors2.kernel.org/cpan/
2235 ftp://mirrors2.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/
2236 http://cpan.mirror.facebook.net/
2237 http://mirrors1.kernel.org/cpan/
2238 ftp://mirrors1.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/
2239 http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/
2240 ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
2241 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
2242 Florida
2244 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2245 http://mirror.atlantic.net/pub/CPAN/
2246 ftp://mirror.atlantic.net/pub/CPAN/
2247 Idaho
2249 http://mirror.its.uidaho.edu/pub/cpan/
2250 ftp://mirror.its.uidaho.edu/cpan/
2251 Illinois
2253 http://cpan.mirrors.hoobly.com/
2254 http://cpan.uchicago.edu/pub/CPAN/
2255 ftp://cpan.uchicago.edu/pub/CPAN/
2256 http://mirrors.servercentral.net/CPAN/
2257 http://www.stathy.com/CPAN/
2258 ftp://www.stathy.com/CPAN/
2259 Indiana
2261 ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
2262 http://cpan.netnitco.net/
2263 ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2264 http://ftp.ndlug.nd.edu/pub/perl/
2265 ftp://ftp.ndlug.nd.edu/pub/perl/
2266 Massachusetts
2268 http://mirrors.ccs.neu.edu/CPAN/
2269 Michigan
2271 http://ftp.wayne.edu/cpan/
2272 ftp://ftp.wayne.edu/cpan/
2273 Minnesota
2275 http://cpan.msi.umn.edu/
2276 New Jersey
2278 http://mirror.datapipe.net/CPAN/
2279 ftp://mirror.datapipe.net/pub/CPAN/
2280 New York
2282 http://mirrors.24-7-solutions.net/pub/CPAN/
2283 ftp://mirrors.24-7-solutions.net/pub/CPAN/
2284 http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/
2285 ftp://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/
2286 http://cpan.belfry.net/
2287 http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
2288 ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/CPAN/
2289 http://cpan.hexten.net/
2290 ftp://cpan.hexten.net/
2291 ftp://mirror.nyi.net/CPAN/
2292 http://mirror.rit.edu/CPAN/
2293 ftp://mirror.rit.edu/CPAN/
2294 North Carolina
2296 http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN
2297 ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2298 Oregon
2300 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/
2301 ftp://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/
2302 Pennsylvania
2304 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
2305 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
2306 http://cpan.pair.com/
2307 ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
2308 South Carolina
2310 http://cpan.mirror.clemson.edu/
2311 Tennessee
2313 http://mira.sunsite.utk.edu/CPAN/
2314 Texas
2316 http://mirror.uta.edu/CPAN
2317 Utah
2319 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
2320 Virginia
2322 http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/
2323 ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
2324 http://perl.secsup.org/
2325 ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/
2326 ftp://mirror.cogentco.com/pub/CPAN/
2327 Washington
2329 http://cpan.llarian.net/
2330 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
2331 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
2332 Wisconsin
2334 http://cpan.mirrors.tds.net
2335 ftp://cpan.mirrors.tds.net/pub/CPAN
2336 http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
2337 ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
2338 Oceania
2340 Australia
2341 http://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/cpan/
2342 ftp://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/cpan/
2343 http://cpan.mirror.aussiehq.net.au/
2344 http://mirror.as24220.net/cpan/
2345 ftp://mirror.as24220.net/cpan/
2346 New Zealand
2348 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
2349 http://cpan.inspire.net.nz
2350 ftp://cpan.inspire.net.nz/cpan
2351 http://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/CPAN/
2352 ftp://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/pub/CPAN/
2353 South America
2355 Argentina
2356 http://cpan.patan.com.ar/
2357 http://cpan.localhost.net.ar
2358 ftp://mirrors.localhost.net.ar/pub/mirrors/CPAN
2359 Brazil
2361 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
2362 http://ftp.pucpr.br/CPAN
2363 ftp://ftp.pucpr.br/CPAN
2364 http://cpan.kinghost.net/
2365 Chile
2367 http://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/
2368 ftp://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/cpan/
2369 Colombia
2371 http://www.laqee.unal.edu.co/CPAN/
2372 RSYNC Mirrors
2374 mirror.as24220.net::cpan
2375 cpan.inode.at::CPAN
2376 gd.tuwien.ac.at::CPAN
2377 ftp.belnet.be::packages/cpan
2378 rsync.linorg.usp.br::CPAN
2379 rsync.arcticnetwork.ca::CPAN
2380 CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca::CPAN
2381 mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca::CPAN
2382 theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN
2383 www.laqee.unal.edu.co::CPAN
2384 mirror.uni-c.dk::CPAN
2385 rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN
2386 rsync://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
2387 mir1.ovh.net::CPAN
2388 miroir-francais.fr::cpan
2389 ftp.crihan.fr::CPAN
2390 rsync://mirror.cict.fr/cpan/
2391 rsync://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
2392 ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de::CPAN/
2393 ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/
2394 cpan.mirror.iphh.net::CPAN
2395 cpan.cpantesters.org::cpan
2396 cpan.hu::CPAN
2397 komo.vlsm.org::CPAN
2398 mirror.unej.ac.id::cpan
2399 ftp.esat.net::/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2400 ftp.heanet.ie::mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
2401 rsync.panu.it::CPAN
2402 cpan.fastbull.org::CPAN
2403 ftp.kddilabs.jp::cpan
2404 ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp::cpan/
2405 rsync://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
2406 rsync://ftp.riken.jp/cpan/
2407 mirror.linuxiso.kz::CPAN
2408 rsync://mirrors3.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/
2409 rsync://rsync.osmirror.nl/cpan/
2410 mirror.leaseweb.com::CPAN
2411 cpan.nautile.nc::CPAN
2412 mirror.icis.pcz.pl::CPAN
2413 piotrkosoft.net::mirrors/CPAN
2414 rsync://cpan.perl.pt/
2415 ftp.kaist.ac.kr::cpan
2416 cpan.sarang.net::CPAN
2417 mirror.averse.net::cpan
2418 rsync.oss.eznetsols.org
2419 mirror.ac.za::cpan
2420 ftp.is.co.za::IS-Mirror/ftp.cpan.org/
2421 rsync://ftp.gui.uva.es/cpan/
2422 rsync://mirrors4.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/
2423 ftp.solnet.ch::CPAN
2424 ftp.ulak.net.tr::CPAN
2425 gafol.net::cpan
2426 rsync.mirrorservice.org::ftp.funet.fi/pub/
2427 rsync://rsync.mirror.8086.net/CPAN/
2428 rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN
2429 mirror.bytemark.co.uk::CPAN
2430 ftp.plig.net::CPAN
2431 rsync://ftp.ticklers.org:CPAN/
2432 mirrors.ibiblio.org::CPAN
2433 cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN
2434 mirror.hiwaay.net::CPAN
2435 rsync://mira.sunsite.utk.edu/CPAN/
2436 cpan.mirrors.tds.net::CPAN
2437 mirror.its.uidaho.edu::cpan
2438 rsync://mirror.cc.columbia.edu::cpan/
2439 ftp.fxcorporate.com::CPAN
2440 rsync.atlantic.net::CPAN
2441 mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN
2442 rsync://mirrors2.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/
2443 cpan.pair.com::CPAN
2444 rsync://mirror.rit.edu/CPAN/
2445 rsync://mirror.facebook.net/cpan/
2446 rsync://mirrors1.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/
2447 cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN
2448 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites, see http://www.cpan.org/SITES
2450 or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
2451
2453 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
2454 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
2455 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a package
2457 doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a namespace.
2458 A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be used as
2459 methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its first
2460 argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods), or a
2461 reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
2462 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
2464 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
2465 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
2466 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
2467 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
2468 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
2469 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the .pm file is required to
2470 exist. See perlsub, perlobj, and AutoLoader for details about the
2471 AUTOLOAD mechanism.
2472 Guidelines for Module Creation
2474 · Do similar modules already exist in some form?
2475 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
2477 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
2478 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
2479 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
2480 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
2481 with command line options.
2482 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
2484 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
2485 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
2486 scheme as the original author.
2487 · Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
2489 Try to "use warnings;" (or "use warnings qw(...);"). Remember that
2491 you can add "no warnings qw(...);" to individual blocks of code
2492 that need less warnings.
2493 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to
2495 bless into the class name given as the first parameter of the
2496 constructor, e.g.,:
2497 sub new {
2499 my $class = shift;
2500 return bless {}, $class;
2501 }
2502 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static or a
2504 virtual method.
2505 sub new {
2507 my $self = shift;
2508 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
2509 return bless {}, $class;
2510 }
2511 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
2513 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
2514 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
2515 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
2516 Avoid class name tests like: "die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq
2518 'FOO'". Generally you can delete the "eq 'FOO'" part with no harm
2519 at all. Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid
2520 hard-wired class names as far as possible.
2521 Avoid "$r->Class::func()" where using "@ISA=qw(... Class ...)" and
2523 "$r->func()" would work.
2524 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
2526 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to the
2527 module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
2528 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
2530 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
2532 "@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);" your applications should be able
2533 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
2534 does your application still work if you change: "$obj =
2535 YOURCLASS->new();" into: "$obj = SUBCLASS->new();" ?
2536 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
2538 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
2539 information in objects.
2540 Always use -w.
2542 Try to "use strict;" (or "use strict qw(...);"). Remember that you
2544 can add "no strict qw(...);" to individual blocks of code that need
2545 less strictness.
2546 Always use -w.
2548 Follow the guidelines in perlstyle.
2550 Always use -w.
2552 · Some simple style guidelines
2554 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
2556 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve
2558 their style over several years as they learn what helps them write
2559 and maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions
2560 that seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
2561 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
2563 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for non-
2564 native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
2565 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
2566 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
2568 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
2569 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
2570 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
2571 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope or
2573 nature of a variable. For example:
2574 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
2576 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
2577 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
2578 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
2580 e.g., "$obj->as_string()".
2581 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
2583 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
2584 · Select what to export.
2586 Do NOT export method names!
2588 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
2590 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
2592 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
2593 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
2594 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside
2596 the module using the ModuleName::item_name (or
2597 "$blessed_ref->method") syntax. By convention you can use a
2598 leading underscore on names to indicate informally that they are
2599 'internal' and not for public use.
2600 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying: "my
2602 $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;". But there's no way to call
2603 that directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the
2604 symbol table.)
2605 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
2607 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
2608 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
2609 · Select a name for the module.
2611 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
2613 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
2614 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is
2615 special about what the module does rather than how it does it.
2616 Please use nested module names to group informally or categorize a
2617 module. There should be a very good reason for a module not to
2618 have a nested name. Module names should begin with a capital
2619 letter.
2620 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for
2622 anyone (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally
2623 better :-). Imagine someone trying to install your module
2624 alongside many others. If in any doubt ask for suggestions in
2625 comp.lang.perl.misc.
2626 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
2628 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
2629 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
2630 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
2631 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
2633 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in those
2634 modules.
2635 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
2637 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
2638 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
2639 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
2640 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
2641 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
2643 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure
2644 each is unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this
2645 easier.
2646 · Have you got it right?
2648 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
2650 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have you
2651 picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
2652 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful
2654 suggestions, is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is
2655 read by just about all the people who develop modules and it's the
2656 best place to ask.
2657 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
2659 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
2660 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
2661 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
2662 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
2664 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
2665 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
2666 · README and other Additional Files.
2668 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
2670 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
2671 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
2672 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
2673 · A description of the module/package/extension etc.
2675 · A copyright notice - see below.
2677 · Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
2679 · How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
2681 · How to install it.
2683 · Recent changes in this release, especially
2685 incompatibilities
2686 · Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
2688 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
2690 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
2691 Copying, ToDo etc.
2692 · Adding a Copyright Notice.
2694 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
2696 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
2697 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
2698 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The
2700 GNU GPL and The Artistic Licence (see the files README,
2701 Copying, and Artistic, or perlgpl and perlartistic). Larry has
2702 good reasons for NOT just using the GNU GPL.
2703 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and
2705 the Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
2706 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
2708 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
2709 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
2710 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You
2712 may also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source
2713 files. Remember to include the other words in addition to the
2714 Copyright.
2715 · Give the module a version/issue/release number.
2717 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules
2719 you should store your module's version number in a non-my
2720 package variable called $VERSION. This should be a positive
2721 floating point number with at least two digits after the
2722 decimal (i.e., hundredths, e.g, "$VERSION = "0.01""). Don't
2723 use a "1.3.2" style version. See Exporter for details.
2724 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the
2726 number. Use the number in announcements and archive file names
2727 when releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z). See perldoc
2728 ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
2729 · How to release and distribute a module.
2731 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of
2733 your module (or the module itself if small) to the
2734 comp.lang.perl.announce Usenet newsgroup. This will at least
2735 ensure very wide once-off distribution.
2736 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should include
2738 details of its location in your announcement.
2739 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive
2741 file name that includes the version number. Most incoming
2742 directories will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be
2743 able to see your file after uploading it. Remember to send your
2744 email notification message as soon as possible after uploading
2745 else your file may get deleted automatically. Allow time for
2746 the file to be processed and/or check the file has been
2747 processed before announcing its location.
2748 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
2750 Follow the instructions and links on:
2752 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
2754 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
2755 or upload to one of these sites:
2757 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
2759 http://pause.perl.org/
2760 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
2762 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to
2764 mirror your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own
2765 directory on CPAN!
2766 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module
2768 list!
2769 · Take care when changing a released module.
2771 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released
2773 versions. Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
2774 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible
2775 changes.
2776 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2778 · There is no requirement to convert anything.
2779 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
2781 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
2782 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
2783 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
2784 · Consider the implications.
2786 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to be
2788 changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is it
2789 worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
2790 · Make the most of the opportunity.
2792 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
2794 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
2795 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
2796 · The pl2pm utility will get you started.
2798 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
2800 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
2801 · Adds the standard Module prologue lines
2803 · Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
2805 · Converts die(...) to croak(...)
2807 · Several other minor changes
2809 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
2811 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
2812 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
2813 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2815 · Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
2816 · Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
2818 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
2820 to reuse.
2821 · Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
2823 · Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
2825 · In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
2827 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these
2829 cases the application could invoked as:
2830 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
2832 or
2833 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
2834
2836 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you
2837 may have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17.
2838 Perl doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would
2839 prefer that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't
2840 invited, not because it has a shotgun.
2841 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
2843 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
2844 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
2845 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
2846 provisions. But then you know when you "use RedefineTheWorld" that
2847 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.
2848perl v5.16.3 2019-01-21 PERLMODLIB(1)