1PERLMODLIB(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLMODLIB(1)
2
6 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
7
9 Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are
10 described below, and all end in .pm. You may discover compiled library
11 files (usually ending in .so) or small pieces of modules to be
12 autoloaded (ending in .al); these were automatically generated by the
13 installation process. You may also discover files in the library
14 directory that end in either .pl or .ph. These are old libraries
15 supplied so that old programs that use them still run. The .pl files
16 will all eventually be converted into standard modules, and the .ph
17 files made by h2ph will probably end up as extension modules made by
18 h2xs. (Some .ph values may already be available through the POSIX,
19 Errno, or Fcntl modules.) The pl2pm file in the distribution may help
20 in your conversion, but it's just a mechanical process and therefore
21 far from bulletproof.
22 Pragmatic Modules
24 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
25 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
26 work well only when used within a "use", or "no". Most of these are
27 lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them by saying:
28 no integer;
30 no strict 'refs';
31 no warnings;
32 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
34 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the $^H
36 hints variable. Others affect the current package instead, like "use
37 vars" and "use subs", which allow you to predeclare a variables or
38 subroutines within a particular file rather than just a block. Such
39 declarations are effective for the entire file for which they were
40 declared. You cannot rescind them with "no vars" or "no subs".
41 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
43 attributes Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
45 autodie Replace functions with ones that succeed or die with
47 lexical scope
48 autodie::exception
50 Exceptions from autodying functions.
51 autodie::exception::system
53 Exceptions from autodying system().
54 autodie::hints
56 Provide hints about user subroutines to autodie
57 autodie::skip
59 Skip a package when throwing autodie exceptions
60 autouse Postpone load of modules until a function is used
62 base Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile
64 time
65 bigint Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
67 bignum Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
69 bigrat Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
71 blib Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
73 bytes Expose the individual bytes of characters
75 charnames Access to Unicode character names and named character
77 sequences; also define character names
78 constant Declare constants
80 deprecate Perl pragma for deprecating the inclusion of a module in
82 core
83 diagnostics Produce verbose warning diagnostics
85 encoding Allows you to write your script in non-ASCII and non-UTF-8
87 encoding::warnings
89 Warn on implicit encoding conversions
90 experimental
92 Experimental features made easy
93 feature Enable new features
95 fields Compile-time class fields
97 filetest Control the filetest permission operators
99 if "use" a Perl module if a condition holds
101 integer Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
103 less Request less of something
105 lib Manipulate @INC at compile time
107 locale Use or avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
109 mro Method Resolution Order
111 ok Alternative to Test::More::use_ok
113 open Set default PerlIO layers for input and output
115 ops Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
117 overload Package for overloading Perl operations
119 overloading Lexically control overloading
121 parent Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile
123 time
124 re Alter regular expression behaviour
126 sigtrap Enable simple signal handling
128 sort Control sort() behaviour
130 strict Restrict unsafe constructs
132 subs Predeclare subroutine names
134 threads Perl interpreter-based threads
136 threads::shared
138 Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads
139 utf8 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
141 vars Predeclare global variable names
143 version Perl extension for Version Objects
145 vmsish Control VMS-specific language features
147 warnings Control optional warnings
149 warnings::register
151 Warnings import function
152 Standard Modules
154 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
155 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
156 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
157 It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
159 system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
160 don't have the gdbm library.
161 Amiga::ARexx
163 Perl extension for ARexx support
164 Amiga::Exec Perl extension for low level amiga support
166 AnyDBM_File Provide framework for multiple DBMs
168 App::Cpan Easily interact with CPAN from the command line
170 App::Prove Implements the "prove" command.
172 App::Prove::State
174 State storage for the "prove" command.
175 App::Prove::State::Result
177 Individual test suite results.
178 App::Prove::State::Result::Test
180 Individual test results.
181 Archive::Tar
183 Module for manipulations of tar archives
184 Archive::Tar::File
186 A subclass for in-memory extracted file from Archive::Tar
187 Attribute::Handlers
189 Simpler definition of attribute handlers
190 AutoLoader Load subroutines only on demand
192 AutoSplit Split a package for autoloading
194 B The Perl Compiler Backend
196 B::Concise Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
198 B::Deparse Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
200 B::Op_private
202 OP op_private flag definitions
203 B::Showlex Show lexical variables used in functions or files
205 B::Terse Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
207 B::Xref Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
209 Benchmark Benchmark running times of Perl code
211 "IO::Socket::IP"
213 Family-neutral IP socket supporting both IPv4 and IPv6
214 "Socket" Networking constants and support functions
216 CORE Namespace for Perl's core routines
218 CPAN Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
220 CPAN::API::HOWTO
222 A recipe book for programming with CPAN.pm
223 CPAN::Debug Internal debugging for CPAN.pm
225 CPAN::Distroprefs
227 Read and match distroprefs
228 CPAN::FirstTime
230 Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
231 CPAN::HandleConfig
233 Internal configuration handling for CPAN.pm
234 CPAN::Kwalify
236 Interface between CPAN.pm and Kwalify.pm
237 CPAN::Meta The distribution metadata for a CPAN dist
239 CPAN::Meta::Converter
241 Convert CPAN distribution metadata structures
242 CPAN::Meta::Feature
244 An optional feature provided by a CPAN distribution
245 CPAN::Meta::History
247 History of CPAN Meta Spec changes
248 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_0
250 Version 1.0 metadata specification for META.yml
251 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_1
253 Version 1.1 metadata specification for META.yml
254 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_2
256 Version 1.2 metadata specification for META.yml
257 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_3
259 Version 1.3 metadata specification for META.yml
260 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_4
262 Version 1.4 metadata specification for META.yml
263 CPAN::Meta::Merge
265 Merging CPAN Meta fragments
266 CPAN::Meta::Prereqs
268 A set of distribution prerequisites by phase and type
269 CPAN::Meta::Requirements
271 A set of version requirements for a CPAN dist
272 CPAN::Meta::Spec
274 Specification for CPAN distribution metadata
275 CPAN::Meta::Validator
277 Validate CPAN distribution metadata structures
278 CPAN::Meta::YAML
280 Read and write a subset of YAML for CPAN Meta files
281 CPAN::Nox Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
283 CPAN::Plugin
285 Base class for CPAN shell extensions
286 CPAN::Plugin::Specfile
288 Proof of concept implementation of a trivial CPAN::Plugin
289 CPAN::Queue Internal queue support for CPAN.pm
291 CPAN::Tarzip
293 Internal handling of tar archives for CPAN.pm
294 CPAN::Version
296 Utility functions to compare CPAN versions
297 Carp Alternative warn and die for modules
299 Class::Struct
301 Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
302 Compress::Raw::Bzip2
304 Low-Level Interface to bzip2 compression library
305 Compress::Raw::Zlib
307 Low-Level Interface to zlib compression library
308 Compress::Zlib
310 Interface to zlib compression library
311 Config Access Perl configuration information
313 Config::Extensions
315 Hash lookup of which core extensions were built.
316 Config::Perl::V
318 Structured data retrieval of perl -V output
319 Cwd Get pathname of current working directory
321 DB Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API
323 DBM_Filter Filter DBM keys/values
325 DBM_Filter::compress
327 Filter for DBM_Filter
328 DBM_Filter::encode
330 Filter for DBM_Filter
331 DBM_Filter::int32
333 Filter for DBM_Filter
334 DBM_Filter::null
336 Filter for DBM_Filter
337 DBM_Filter::utf8
339 Filter for DBM_Filter
340 DB_File Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
342 Data::Dumper
344 Stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
345 printing and "eval"
346 Devel::PPPort
348 Perl/Pollution/Portability
349 Devel::Peek A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
351 Devel::SelfStubber
353 Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
354 Digest Modules that calculate message digests
356 Digest::MD5 Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
358 Digest::SHA Perl extension for SHA-1/224/256/384/512
360 Digest::base
362 Digest base class
363 Digest::file
365 Calculate digests of files
366 DirHandle (obsolete) supply object methods for directory handles
368 Dumpvalue Provides screen dump of Perl data.
370 DynaLoader Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
372 Encode Character encodings in Perl
374 Encode::Alias
376 Alias definitions to encodings
377 Encode::Byte
379 Single Byte Encodings
380 Encode::CJKConstants
382 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
383 Encode::CN China-based Chinese Encodings
385 Encode::CN::HZ
387 Internally used by Encode::CN
388 Encode::Config
390 Internally used by Encode
391 Encode::EBCDIC
393 EBCDIC Encodings
394 Encode::Encoder
396 Object Oriented Encoder
397 Encode::Encoding
399 Encode Implementation Base Class
400 Encode::GSM0338
402 ESTI GSM 03.38 Encoding
403 Encode::Guess
405 Guesses encoding from data
406 Encode::JP Japanese Encodings
408 Encode::JP::H2Z
410 Internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
411 Encode::JP::JIS7
413 Internally used by Encode::JP
414 Encode::KR Korean Encodings
416 Encode::KR::2022_KR
418 Internally used by Encode::KR
419 Encode::MIME::Header
421 MIME encoding for an unstructured email header
422 Encode::MIME::Name
424 Internally used by Encode
425 Encode::PerlIO
427 A detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
428 Encode::Supported
430 Encodings supported by Encode
431 Encode::Symbol
433 Symbol Encodings
434 Encode::TW Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
436 Encode::Unicode
438 Various Unicode Transformation Formats
439 Encode::Unicode::UTF7
441 UTF-7 encoding
442 English Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
444 variables
445 Env Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars
447 or arrays
448 Errno System errno constants
450 Exporter Implements default import method for modules
452 Exporter::Heavy
454 Exporter guts
455 ExtUtils::CBuilder
457 Compile and link C code for Perl modules
458 ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows
460 Builder class for Windows platforms
461 ExtUtils::Command
463 Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
464 ExtUtils::Command::MM
466 Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
467 ExtUtils::Constant
469 Generate XS code to import C header constants
470 ExtUtils::Constant::Base
472 Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
473 ExtUtils::Constant::Utils
475 Helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant
476 ExtUtils::Constant::XS
478 Generate C code for XS modules' constants.
479 ExtUtils::Embed
481 Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
482 ExtUtils::Install
484 Install files from here to there
485 ExtUtils::Installed
487 Inventory management of installed modules
488 ExtUtils::Liblist
490 Determine libraries to use and how to use them
491 ExtUtils::MM
493 OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
494 ExtUtils::MM::Utils
496 ExtUtils::MM methods without dependency on
497 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
498 ExtUtils::MM_AIX
500 AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
501 ExtUtils::MM_Any
503 Platform-agnostic MM methods
504 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS
506 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
507 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
509 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
510 ExtUtils::MM_DOS
512 DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
513 ExtUtils::MM_Darwin
515 Special behaviors for OS X
516 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS
518 Once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
519 ExtUtils::MM_NW5
521 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
522 ExtUtils::MM_OS2
524 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
525 ExtUtils::MM_QNX
527 QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
528 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN
530 U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
531 ExtUtils::MM_Unix
533 Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
534 ExtUtils::MM_VMS
536 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
537 ExtUtils::MM_VOS
539 VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
540 ExtUtils::MM_Win32
542 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
543 ExtUtils::MM_Win95
545 Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
546 ExtUtils::MY
548 ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
549 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
551 Create a module Makefile
552 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config
554 Wrapper around Config.pm
555 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ
557 Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker
558 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Locale
560 Bundled Encode::Locale
561 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial
563 Writing a module with MakeMaker
564 ExtUtils::Manifest
566 Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
567 ExtUtils::Miniperl
569 Write the C code for miniperlmain.c and perlmain.c
570 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
572 Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
573 ExtUtils::Mksymlists
575 Write linker options files for dynamic extension
576 ExtUtils::Packlist
578 Manage .packlist files
579 ExtUtils::ParseXS
581 Converts Perl XS code into C code
582 ExtUtils::ParseXS::Constants
584 Initialization values for some globals
585 ExtUtils::ParseXS::Eval
587 Clean package to evaluate code in
588 ExtUtils::ParseXS::Utilities
590 Subroutines used with ExtUtils::ParseXS
591 ExtUtils::Typemaps
593 Read/Write/Modify Perl/XS typemap files
594 ExtUtils::Typemaps::Cmd
596 Quick commands for handling typemaps
597 ExtUtils::Typemaps::InputMap
599 Entry in the INPUT section of a typemap
600 ExtUtils::Typemaps::OutputMap
602 Entry in the OUTPUT section of a typemap
603 ExtUtils::Typemaps::Type
605 Entry in the TYPEMAP section of a typemap
606 ExtUtils::XSSymSet
608 Keep sets of symbol names palatable to the VMS linker
609 ExtUtils::testlib
611 Add blib/* directories to @INC
612 Fatal Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
614 Fcntl Load the C Fcntl.h defines
616 File::Basename
618 Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix.
619 File::Compare
621 Compare files or filehandles
622 File::Copy Copy files or filehandles
624 File::DosGlob
626 DOS like globbing and then some
627 File::Fetch A generic file fetching mechanism
629 File::Find Traverse a directory tree.
631 File::Glob Perl extension for BSD glob routine
633 File::GlobMapper
635 Extend File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files
636 File::Path Create or remove directory trees
638 File::Spec Portably perform operations on file names
640 File::Spec::AmigaOS
642 File::Spec for AmigaOS
643 File::Spec::Cygwin
645 Methods for Cygwin file specs
646 File::Spec::Epoc
648 Methods for Epoc file specs
649 File::Spec::Functions
651 Portably perform operations on file names
652 File::Spec::Mac
654 File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
655 File::Spec::OS2
657 Methods for OS/2 file specs
658 File::Spec::Unix
660 File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
661 File::Spec::VMS
663 Methods for VMS file specs
664 File::Spec::Win32
666 Methods for Win32 file specs
667 File::Temp Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
669 File::stat By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
671 FileCache Keep more files open than the system permits
673 FileHandle Supply object methods for filehandles
675 Filter::Simple
677 Simplified source filtering
678 Filter::Util::Call
680 Perl Source Filter Utility Module
681 FindBin Locate directory of original perl script
683 GDBM_File Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
685 Getopt::Long
687 Extended processing of command line options
688 Getopt::Std Process single-character switches with switch clustering
690 HTTP::Tiny A small, simple, correct HTTP/1.1 client
692 Hash::Util A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
694 Hash::Util::FieldHash
696 Support for Inside-Out Classes
697 I18N::Collate
699 Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
700 I18N::LangTags
702 Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
703 I18N::LangTags::Detect
705 Detect the user's language preferences
706 I18N::LangTags::List
708 Tags and names for human languages
709 I18N::Langinfo
711 Query locale information
712 IO Load various IO modules
714 IO::Compress::Base
716 Base Class for IO::Compress modules
717 IO::Compress::Bzip2
719 Write bzip2 files/buffers
720 IO::Compress::Deflate
722 Write RFC 1950 files/buffers
723 IO::Compress::FAQ
725 Frequently Asked Questions about IO::Compress
726 IO::Compress::Gzip
728 Write RFC 1952 files/buffers
729 IO::Compress::RawDeflate
731 Write RFC 1951 files/buffers
732 IO::Compress::Zip
734 Write zip files/buffers
735 IO::Dir Supply object methods for directory handles
737 IO::File Supply object methods for filehandles
739 IO::Handle Supply object methods for I/O handles
741 IO::Pipe Supply object methods for pipes
743 IO::Poll Object interface to system poll call
745 IO::Seekable
747 Supply seek based methods for I/O objects
748 IO::Select OO interface to the select system call
750 IO::Socket Object interface to socket communications
752 IO::Socket::INET
754 Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
755 IO::Socket::UNIX
757 Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
758 IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate
760 Uncompress zlib-based (zip, gzip) file/buffer
761 IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress
763 Uncompress gzip, zip, bzip2, xz, lzma, lzip, lzf or lzop
764 file/buffer
765 IO::Uncompress::Base
767 Base Class for IO::Uncompress modules
768 IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2
770 Read bzip2 files/buffers
771 IO::Uncompress::Gunzip
773 Read RFC 1952 files/buffers
774 IO::Uncompress::Inflate
776 Read RFC 1950 files/buffers
777 IO::Uncompress::RawInflate
779 Read RFC 1951 files/buffers
780 IO::Uncompress::Unzip
782 Read zip files/buffers
783 IO::Zlib IO:: style interface to Compress::Zlib
785 IPC::Cmd Finding and running system commands made easy
787 IPC::Msg SysV Msg IPC object class
789 IPC::Open2 Open a process for both reading and writing using open2()
791 IPC::Open3 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
793 using open3()
794 IPC::Semaphore
796 SysV Semaphore IPC object class
797 IPC::SharedMem
799 SysV Shared Memory IPC object class
800 IPC::SysV System V IPC constants and system calls
802 Internals Reserved special namespace for internals related functions
804 JSON::PP JSON::XS compatible pure-Perl module.
806 JSON::PP::Boolean
808 Dummy module providing JSON::PP::Boolean
809 List::Util A selection of general-utility list subroutines
811 List::Util::XS
813 Indicate if List::Util was compiled with a C compiler
814 Locale::Maketext
816 Framework for localization
817 Locale::Maketext::Cookbook
819 Recipes for using Locale::Maketext
820 Locale::Maketext::Guts
822 Deprecated module to load Locale::Maketext utf8 code
823 Locale::Maketext::GutsLoader
825 Deprecated module to load Locale::Maketext utf8 code
826 Locale::Maketext::Simple
828 Simple interface to Locale::Maketext::Lexicon
829 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
831 Article about software localization
832 MIME::Base64
834 Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
835 MIME::QuotedPrint
837 Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings
838 Math::BigFloat
840 Arbitrary size floating point math package
841 Math::BigInt
843 Arbitrary size integer/float math package
844 Math::BigInt::Calc
846 Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
847 Math::BigInt::FastCalc
849 Math::BigInt::Calc with some XS for more speed
850 Math::BigInt::Lib
852 Virtual parent class for Math::BigInt libraries
853 Math::BigRat
855 Arbitrary big rational numbers
856 Math::Complex
858 Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
859 Math::Trig Trigonometric functions
861 Memoize Make functions faster by trading space for time
863 Memoize::AnyDBM_File
865 Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
866 Memoize::Expire
868 Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
869 Memoize::ExpireFile
871 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
872 Memoize::ExpireTest
874 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
875 Memoize::NDBM_File
877 Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
878 Memoize::SDBM_File
880 Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
881 Memoize::Storable
883 Store Memoized data in Storable database
884 Module::CoreList
886 What modules shipped with versions of perl
887 Module::CoreList::Utils
889 What utilities shipped with versions of perl
890 Module::Load
892 Runtime require of both modules and files
893 Module::Load::Conditional
895 Looking up module information / loading at runtime
896 Module::Loaded
898 Mark modules as loaded or unloaded
899 Module::Metadata
901 Gather package and POD information from perl module files
902 NDBM_File Tied access to ndbm files
904 NEXT Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
906 redispatch
907 Net::Cmd Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
909 Net::Config Local configuration data for libnet
911 Net::Domain Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and
913 domain
914 Net::FTP FTP Client class
916 Net::FTP::dataconn
918 FTP Client data connection class
919 Net::NNTP NNTP Client class
921 Net::Netrc OO interface to users netrc file
923 Net::POP3 Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
925 Net::Ping Check a remote host for reachability
927 Net::SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
929 Net::Time Time and daytime network client interface
931 Net::hostent
933 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
934 Net::libnetFAQ
936 Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
937 Net::netent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
939 Net::protoent
941 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
942 Net::servent
944 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
945 O Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
947 ODBM_File Tied access to odbm files
949 Opcode Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
951 POSIX Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
953 Params::Check
955 A generic input parsing/checking mechanism.
956 Parse::CPAN::Meta
958 Parse META.yml and META.json CPAN metadata files
959 Perl::OSType
961 Map Perl operating system names to generic types
962 PerlIO On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
964 name space
965 PerlIO::encoding
967 Encoding layer
968 PerlIO::mmap
970 Memory mapped IO
971 PerlIO::scalar
973 In-memory IO, scalar IO
974 PerlIO::via Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
976 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint
978 PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
979 Pod::Checker
981 Check pod documents for syntax errors
982 Pod::Escapes
984 For resolving Pod E<...> sequences
985 Pod::Functions
987 Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod
988 Pod::Html Module to convert pod files to HTML
990 Pod::Man Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
992 Pod::ParseLink
994 Parse an L<> formatting code in POD text
995 Pod::Perldoc
997 Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
998 Pod::Perldoc::BaseTo
1000 Base for Pod::Perldoc formatters
1001 Pod::Perldoc::GetOptsOO
1003 Customized option parser for Pod::Perldoc
1004 Pod::Perldoc::ToANSI
1006 Render Pod with ANSI color escapes
1007 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker
1009 Let Perldoc check Pod for errors
1010 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan
1012 Let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
1013 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff
1015 Let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
1016 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod
1018 Let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
1019 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf
1021 Let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
1022 Pod::Perldoc::ToTerm
1024 Render Pod with terminal escapes
1025 Pod::Perldoc::ToText
1027 Let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
1028 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk
1030 Let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
1031 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml
1033 Let Perldoc render Pod as XML
1034 Pod::Simple Framework for parsing Pod
1036 Pod::Simple::Checker
1038 Check the Pod syntax of a document
1039 Pod::Simple::Debug
1041 Put Pod::Simple into trace/debug mode
1042 Pod::Simple::DumpAsText
1044 Dump Pod-parsing events as text
1045 Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML
1047 Turn Pod into XML
1048 Pod::Simple::HTML
1050 Convert Pod to HTML
1051 Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch
1053 Convert several Pod files to several HTML files
1054 Pod::Simple::JustPod
1056 Just the Pod, the whole Pod, and nothing but the Pod
1057 Pod::Simple::LinkSection
1059 Represent "section" attributes of L codes
1060 Pod::Simple::Methody
1062 Turn Pod::Simple events into method calls
1063 Pod::Simple::PullParser
1065 A pull-parser interface to parsing Pod
1066 Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken
1068 End-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1069 Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken
1071 Start-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1072 Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken
1074 Text-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1075 Pod::Simple::PullParserToken
1077 Tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1078 Pod::Simple::RTF
1080 Format Pod as RTF
1081 Pod::Simple::Search
1083 Find POD documents in directory trees
1084 Pod::Simple::SimpleTree
1086 Parse Pod into a simple parse tree
1087 Pod::Simple::Subclassing
1089 Write a formatter as a Pod::Simple subclass
1090 Pod::Simple::Text
1092 Format Pod as plaintext
1093 Pod::Simple::TextContent
1095 Get the text content of Pod
1096 Pod::Simple::XHTML
1098 Format Pod as validating XHTML
1099 Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream
1101 Turn Pod into XML
1102 Pod::Text Convert POD data to formatted text
1104 Pod::Text::Color
1106 Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
1107 Pod::Text::Overstrike
1109 Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
1110 Pod::Text::Termcap
1112 Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
1113 Pod::Usage Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
1115 SDBM_File Tied access to sdbm files
1117 Safe Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
1119 Scalar::Util
1121 A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
1122 Search::Dict
1124 Look - search for key in dictionary file
1125 SelectSaver Save and restore selected file handle
1127 SelfLoader Load functions only on demand
1129 Storable Persistence for Perl data structures
1131 Sub::Util A selection of utility subroutines for subs and CODE
1133 references
1134 Symbol Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
1136 Sys::Hostname
1138 Try every conceivable way to get hostname
1139 Sys::Syslog Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
1141 Sys::Syslog::Win32
1143 Win32 support for Sys::Syslog
1144 TAP::Base Base class that provides common functionality to
1146 TAP::Parser
1147 TAP::Formatter::Base
1149 Base class for harness output delegates
1150 TAP::Formatter::Color
1152 Run Perl test scripts with color
1153 TAP::Formatter::Console
1155 Harness output delegate for default console output
1156 TAP::Formatter::Console::ParallelSession
1158 Harness output delegate for parallel console output
1159 TAP::Formatter::Console::Session
1161 Harness output delegate for default console output
1162 TAP::Formatter::File
1164 Harness output delegate for file output
1165 TAP::Formatter::File::Session
1167 Harness output delegate for file output
1168 TAP::Formatter::Session
1170 Abstract base class for harness output delegate
1171 TAP::Harness
1173 Run test scripts with statistics
1174 TAP::Harness::Env
1176 Parsing harness related environmental variables where
1177 appropriate
1178 TAP::Object Base class that provides common functionality to all
1180 "TAP::*" modules
1181 TAP::Parser Parse TAP output
1183 TAP::Parser::Aggregator
1185 Aggregate TAP::Parser results
1186 TAP::Parser::Grammar
1188 A grammar for the Test Anything Protocol.
1189 TAP::Parser::Iterator
1191 Base class for TAP source iterators
1192 TAP::Parser::Iterator::Array
1194 Iterator for array-based TAP sources
1195 TAP::Parser::Iterator::Process
1197 Iterator for process-based TAP sources
1198 TAP::Parser::Iterator::Stream
1200 Iterator for filehandle-based TAP sources
1201 TAP::Parser::IteratorFactory
1203 Figures out which SourceHandler objects to use for a given
1204 Source
1205 TAP::Parser::Multiplexer
1207 Multiplex multiple TAP::Parsers
1208 TAP::Parser::Result
1210 Base class for TAP::Parser output objects
1211 TAP::Parser::Result::Bailout
1213 Bailout result token.
1214 TAP::Parser::Result::Comment
1216 Comment result token.
1217 TAP::Parser::Result::Plan
1219 Plan result token.
1220 TAP::Parser::Result::Pragma
1222 TAP pragma token.
1223 TAP::Parser::Result::Test
1225 Test result token.
1226 TAP::Parser::Result::Unknown
1228 Unknown result token.
1229 TAP::Parser::Result::Version
1231 TAP syntax version token.
1232 TAP::Parser::Result::YAML
1234 YAML result token.
1235 TAP::Parser::ResultFactory
1237 Factory for creating TAP::Parser output objects
1238 TAP::Parser::Scheduler
1240 Schedule tests during parallel testing
1241 TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Job
1243 A single testing job.
1244 TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Spinner
1246 A no-op job.
1247 TAP::Parser::Source
1249 A TAP source & meta data about it
1250 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler
1252 Base class for different TAP source handlers
1253 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Executable
1255 Stream output from an executable TAP source
1256 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::File
1258 Stream TAP from a text file.
1259 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Handle
1261 Stream TAP from an IO::Handle or a GLOB.
1262 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Perl
1264 Stream TAP from a Perl executable
1265 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::RawTAP
1267 Stream output from raw TAP in a scalar/array ref.
1268 TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Reader
1270 Read YAMLish data from iterator
1271 TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Writer
1273 Write YAMLish data
1274 Term::ANSIColor
1276 Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
1277 Term::Cap Perl termcap interface
1279 Term::Complete
1281 Perl word completion module
1282 Term::ReadLine
1284 Perl interface to various "readline" packages.
1285 Test Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
1287 Test2 Framework for writing test tools that all work together.
1289 Test2::API Primary interface for writing Test2 based testing tools.
1291 Test2::API::Breakage
1293 What breaks at what version
1294 Test2::API::Context
1296 Object to represent a testing context.
1297 Test2::API::Instance
1299 Object used by Test2::API under the hood
1300 Test2::API::Stack
1302 Object to manage a stack of Test2::Hub
1303 Test2::Event
1305 Base class for events
1306 Test2::Event::Bail
1308 Bailout!
1309 Test2::Event::Diag
1311 Diag event type
1312 Test2::Event::Encoding
1314 Set the encoding for the output stream
1315 Test2::Event::Exception
1317 Exception event
1318 Test2::Event::Fail
1320 Event for a simple failed assertion
1321 Test2::Event::Generic
1323 Generic event type.
1324 Test2::Event::Note
1326 Note event type
1327 Test2::Event::Ok
1329 Ok event type
1330 Test2::Event::Pass
1332 Event for a simple passing assertion
1333 Test2::Event::Plan
1335 The event of a plan
1336 Test2::Event::Skip
1338 Skip event type
1339 Test2::Event::Subtest
1341 Event for subtest types
1342 Test2::Event::TAP::Version
1344 Event for TAP version.
1345 Test2::Event::V2
1347 Second generation event.
1348 Test2::Event::Waiting
1350 Tell all procs/threads it is time to be done
1351 Test2::EventFacet
1353 Base class for all event facets.
1354 Test2::EventFacet::About
1356 Facet with event details.
1357 Test2::EventFacet::Amnesty
1359 Facet for assertion amnesty.
1360 Test2::EventFacet::Assert
1362 Facet representing an assertion.
1363 Test2::EventFacet::Control
1365 Facet for hub actions and behaviors.
1366 Test2::EventFacet::Error
1368 Facet for errors that need to be shown.
1369 Test2::EventFacet::Hub
1371 Facet for the hubs an event passes through.
1372 Test2::EventFacet::Info
1374 Facet for information a developer might care about.
1375 Test2::EventFacet::Info::Table
1377 Intermediary representation of a table.
1378 Test2::EventFacet::Meta
1380 Facet for meta-data
1381 Test2::EventFacet::Parent
1383 Facet for events contains other events
1384 Test2::EventFacet::Plan
1386 Facet for setting the plan
1387 Test2::EventFacet::Render
1389 Facet that dictates how to render an event.
1390 Test2::EventFacet::Trace
1392 Debug information for events
1393 Test2::Formatter
1395 Namespace for formatters.
1396 Test2::Formatter::TAP
1398 Standard TAP formatter
1399 Test2::Hub The conduit through which all events flow.
1401 Test2::Hub::Interceptor
1403 Hub used by interceptor to grab results.
1404 Test2::Hub::Interceptor::Terminator
1406 Exception class used by
1407 Test2::Hub::Subtest
1409 Hub used by subtests
1410 Test2::IPC Turn on IPC for threading or forking support.
1412 Test2::IPC::Driver
1414 Base class for Test2 IPC drivers.
1415 Test2::IPC::Driver::Files
1417 Temp dir + Files concurrency model.
1418 Test2::Tools::Tiny
1420 Tiny set of tools for unfortunate souls who cannot use
1421 Test2::Transition
1423 Transition notes when upgrading to Test2
1424 Test2::Util Tools used by Test2 and friends.
1426 Test2::Util::ExternalMeta
1428 Allow third party tools to safely attach meta-data
1429 Test2::Util::Facets2Legacy
1431 Convert facet data to the legacy event API.
1432 Test2::Util::HashBase
1434 Build hash based classes.
1435 Test2::Util::Trace
1437 Legacy wrapper fro Test2::EventFacet::Trace.
1438 Test::Builder
1440 Backend for building test libraries
1441 Test::Builder::Formatter
1443 Test::Builder subclass of Test2::Formatter::TAP
1444 Test::Builder::IO::Scalar
1446 A copy of IO::Scalar for Test::Builder
1447 Test::Builder::Module
1449 Base class for test modules
1450 Test::Builder::Tester
1452 Test testsuites that have been built with
1453 Test::Builder::Tester::Color
1455 Turn on colour in Test::Builder::Tester
1456 Test::Builder::TodoDiag
1458 Test::Builder subclass of Test2::Event::Diag
1459 Test::Harness
1461 Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
1462 Test::Harness::Beyond
1464 Beyond make test
1465 Test::More Yet another framework for writing test scripts
1467 Test::Simple
1469 Basic utilities for writing tests.
1470 Test::Tester
1472 Ease testing test modules built with Test::Builder
1473 Test::Tester::Capture
1475 Help testing test modules built with Test::Builder
1476 Test::Tester::CaptureRunner
1478 Help testing test modules built with Test::Builder
1479 Test::Tutorial
1481 A tutorial about writing really basic tests
1482 Test::use::ok
1484 Alternative to Test::More::use_ok
1485 Text::Abbrev
1487 Abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
1488 Text::Balanced
1490 Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
1491 Text::ParseWords
1493 Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
1494 Text::Tabs Expand and unexpand tabs like unix expand(1) and
1496 unexpand(1)
1497 Text::Wrap Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
1499 Thread Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
1501 Thread::Queue
1503 Thread-safe queues
1504 Thread::Semaphore
1506 Thread-safe semaphores
1507 Tie::Array Base class for tied arrays
1509 Tie::File Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
1511 Tie::Handle Base class definitions for tied handles
1513 Tie::Hash Base class definitions for tied hashes
1515 Tie::Hash::NamedCapture
1517 Named regexp capture buffers
1518 Tie::Memoize
1520 Add data to hash when needed
1521 Tie::RefHash
1523 Use references as hash keys
1524 Tie::Scalar Base class definitions for tied scalars
1526 Tie::StdHandle
1528 Base class definitions for tied handles
1529 Tie::SubstrHash
1531 Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
1532 Time::HiRes High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers
1534 Time::Local Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
1536 Time::Piece Object Oriented time objects
1538 Time::Seconds
1540 A simple API to convert seconds to other date values
1541 Time::gmtime
1543 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
1544 Time::localtime
1546 By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
1547 Time::tm Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
1549 UNIVERSAL Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
1551 Unicode::Collate
1553 Unicode Collation Algorithm
1554 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Big5
1556 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1557 Unicode::Collate::CJK::GB2312
1559 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1560 Unicode::Collate::CJK::JISX0208
1562 Weighting JIS KANJI for Unicode::Collate
1563 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Korean
1565 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1566 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Pinyin
1568 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1569 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Stroke
1571 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1572 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Zhuyin
1574 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1575 Unicode::Collate::Locale
1577 Linguistic tailoring for DUCET via Unicode::Collate
1578 Unicode::Normalize
1580 Unicode Normalization Forms
1581 Unicode::UCD
1583 Unicode character database
1584 User::grent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
1586 User::pwent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
1588 VMS::DCLsym Perl extension to manipulate DCL symbols
1590 VMS::Filespec
1592 Convert between VMS and Unix file specification syntax
1593 VMS::Stdio Standard I/O functions via VMS extensions
1595 Win32 Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
1597 Win32API::File
1599 Low-level access to Win32 system API calls for files/dirs.
1600 Win32CORE Win32 CORE function stubs
1602 XS::APItest Test the perl C API
1604 XS::Typemap Module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
1606 XSLoader Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
1608 autodie::Scope::Guard
1610 Wrapper class for calling subs at end of scope
1611 autodie::Scope::GuardStack
1613 Hook stack for managing scopes via %^H
1614 autodie::Util
1616 Internal Utility subroutines for autodie and Fatal
1617 version::Internals
1619 Perl extension for Version Objects
1620 To find out all modules installed on your system, including those
1622 without documentation or outside the standard release, just use the
1623 following command (under the default win32 shell, double quotes should
1624 be used instead of single quotes).
1625 % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
1627 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
1628 no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
1629 (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.) They should
1631 all have their own documentation installed and accessible via your
1632 system man(1) command. If you do not have a find program, you can use
1633 the Perl find2perl program instead, which generates Perl code as output
1634 you can run through perl. If you have a man program but it doesn't
1635 find your modules, you'll have to fix your manpath. See perl for
1636 details. If you have no system man command, you might try the perldoc
1637 program.
1638 Note also that the command "perldoc perllocal" gives you a (possibly
1640 incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
1641 your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard
1642 MakeMaker install process.)
1643 Extension Modules
1645 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They are
1646 usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them, but may
1647 also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules include
1648 Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
1649 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
1651 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time for
1652 adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of platforms on
1653 which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to look for them on
1654 CPAN (described below), or using web search engines like Google or
1655 DuckDuckGo.
1656
1658 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
1659 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
1660 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
1661 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for CPAN
1662 can be found at https://www.cpan.org/
1663 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
1665 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
1666 modules are:
1667 • Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
1669 • Development Support
1671 • Operating System Interfaces
1673 • Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
1675 • Data Types and Data Type Utilities
1677 • Database Interfaces
1679 • User Interfaces
1681 • Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
1683 • File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
1685 • String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
1687 • Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
1689 • Internationalization and Locale
1691 • Authentication, Security, and Encryption
1693 • World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
1695 • Server and Daemon Utilities
1697 • Archiving and Compression
1699 • Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
1701 • Mail and Usenet News
1703 • Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
1705 • File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
1707 • Miscellaneous Modules
1709 The list of the registered CPAN sites follows. Please note that the
1711 sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
1712 Continent
1714 |
1715 |-->Country
1716 |
1717 |-->[state/province]
1718 |
1719 |-->ftp
1720 |
1721 |-->[http]
1722 and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
1724 European and the South American sites.
1725 Registered CPAN sites
1727 Africa
1729 South Africa
1730 http://mirror.is.co.za/pub/cpan/
1731 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/pub/cpan/
1732 http://cpan.mirror.ac.za/
1733 ftp://cpan.mirror.ac.za/
1734 http://cpan.saix.net/
1735 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
1736 http://ftp.wa.co.za/pub/CPAN/
1737 ftp://ftp.wa.co.za/pub/CPAN/
1738 Uganda
1740 http://mirror.ucu.ac.ug/cpan/
1741 Zimbabwe
1743 http://mirror.zol.co.zw/CPAN/
1744 ftp://mirror.zol.co.zw/CPAN/
1745 Asia
1747 Bangladesh
1748 http://mirror.dhakacom.com/CPAN/
1749 ftp://mirror.dhakacom.com/CPAN/
1750 China
1752 http://cpan.communilink.net/
1753 http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
1754 ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
1755 http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/CPAN/
1756 http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/cpan/
1757 http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/CPAN/
1758 http://mirrors.163.com/cpan/
1759 http://mirrors.sohu.com/CPAN/
1760 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CPAN/
1761 ftp://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CPAN/
1762 http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/CPAN/
1763 ftp://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/CPAN/
1764 http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/CPAN/
1765 India
1767 http://cpan.excellmedia.net/
1768 http://perlmirror.indialinks.com/
1769 Indonesia
1771 http://kambing.ui.ac.id/cpan/
1772 http://cpan.pesat.net.id/
1773 http://mirror.poliwangi.ac.id/CPAN/
1774 http://kartolo.sby.datautama.net.id/CPAN/
1775 http://mirror.wanxp.id/cpan/
1776 Iran
1778 http://mirror.yazd.ac.ir/cpan/
1779 Israel
1781 http://biocourse.weizmann.ac.il/CPAN/
1782 Japan
1784 http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1785 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1786 http://mirror.jre655.com/CPAN/
1787 ftp://mirror.jre655.com/CPAN/
1788 ftp://ftp.kddilabs.jp/CPAN/
1789 http://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/
1790 ftp://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/
1791 http://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/
1792 ftp://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/
1793 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1794 http://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/
1795 ftp://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/
1796 Kazakhstan
1798 http://mirror.neolabs.kz/CPAN/
1799 ftp://mirror.neolabs.kz/CPAN/
1800 Philippines
1802 http://mirror.pregi.net/CPAN/
1803 ftp://mirror.pregi.net/CPAN/
1804 http://mirror.rise.ph/cpan/
1805 ftp://mirror.rise.ph/cpan/
1806 Qatar
1808 http://mirror.qnren.qa/CPAN/
1809 ftp://mirror.qnren.qa/CPAN/
1810 Republic of Korea
1812 http://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/
1813 ftp://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/CPAN/
1814 http://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/pub/CPAN/
1815 ftp://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/CPAN/
1816 http://ftp.kr.freebsd.org/pub/CPAN/
1817 ftp://ftp.kr.freebsd.org/pub/CPAN/
1818 http://mirror.navercorp.com/CPAN/
1819 http://ftp.neowiz.com/CPAN/
1820 ftp://ftp.neowiz.com/CPAN/
1821 Singapore
1823 http://cpan.mirror.choon.net/
1824 http://mirror.0x.sg/CPAN/
1825 ftp://mirror.0x.sg/CPAN/
1826 Taiwan
1828 http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Unix/Lang/CPAN/
1829 ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Unix/Lang/CPAN/
1830 http://cpan.stu.edu.tw/
1831 ftp://ftp.stu.edu.tw/CPAN/
1832 http://ftp.yzu.edu.tw/CPAN/
1833 ftp://ftp.yzu.edu.tw/CPAN/
1834 http://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/
1835 ftp://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/
1836 http://ftp.ubuntu-tw.org/mirror/CPAN/
1837 ftp://ftp.ubuntu-tw.org/mirror/CPAN/
1838 Turkey
1840 http://cpan.ulak.net.tr/
1841 ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1842 http://mirror.vit.com.tr/mirror/CPAN/
1843 ftp://mirror.vit.com.tr/CPAN/
1844 Viet Nam
1846 http://mirrors.digipower.vn/CPAN/
1847 http://mirror.downloadvn.com/cpan/
1848 http://mirrors.vinahost.vn/CPAN/
1849 Europe
1851 Austria
1852 http://cpan.inode.at/
1853 ftp://cpan.inode.at/
1854 http://mirror.easyname.at/cpan/
1855 ftp://mirror.easyname.at/cpan/
1856 http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/languages/perl/CPAN/
1857 ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
1858 Belarus
1860 http://ftp.byfly.by/pub/CPAN/
1861 ftp://ftp.byfly.by/pub/CPAN/
1862 http://mirror.datacenter.by/pub/CPAN/
1863 ftp://mirror.datacenter.by/pub/CPAN/
1864 Belgium
1866 http://ftp.belnet.be/ftp.cpan.org/
1867 ftp://ftp.belnet.be/mirror/ftp.cpan.org/
1868 http://cpan.cu.be/
1869 http://lib.ugent.be/CPAN/
1870 http://cpan.weepeetelecom.be/
1871 Bosnia and Herzegovina
1873 http://cpan.mirror.ba/
1874 ftp://ftp.mirror.ba/CPAN/
1875 Bulgaria
1877 http://mirrors.neterra.net/CPAN/
1878 ftp://mirrors.neterra.net/CPAN/
1879 http://mirrors.netix.net/CPAN/
1880 ftp://mirrors.netix.net/CPAN/
1881 Croatia
1883 http://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/
1884 ftp://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/
1885 Czech Republic
1887 http://mirror.dkm.cz/cpan/
1888 ftp://mirror.dkm.cz/cpan/
1889 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
1890 http://mirrors.nic.cz/CPAN/
1891 ftp://mirrors.nic.cz/pub/CPAN/
1892 http://cpan.mirror.vutbr.cz/
1893 ftp://mirror.vutbr.cz/cpan/
1894 Denmark
1896 http://www.cpan.dk/
1897 http://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan/
1898 ftp://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan/
1899 Finland
1901 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1902 France
1904 http://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/cpan/
1905 ftp://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/cpan/
1906 http://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1907 ftp://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1908 http://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1909 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1910 http://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/CPAN/
1911 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/CPAN/
1912 http://cpan.mirrors.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org/
1913 ftp://cpan.mirrors.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org/
1914 http://cpan.enstimac.fr/
1915 Germany
1917 http://mirror.23media.de/cpan/
1918 ftp://mirror.23media.de/cpan/
1919 http://artfiles.org/cpan.org/
1920 ftp://artfiles.org/cpan.org/
1921 http://mirror.bibleonline.ru/cpan/
1922 http://mirror.checkdomain.de/CPAN/
1923 ftp://mirror.checkdomain.de/CPAN/
1924 http://cpan.noris.de/
1925 http://mirror.de.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
1926 ftp://mirror.de.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
1927 http://cpan.mirror.euserv.net/
1928 ftp://mirror.euserv.net/cpan/
1929 http://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN/
1930 ftp://mirror.fraunhofer.de/CPAN/
1931 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1932 http://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/
1933 ftp://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/
1934 ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/languages/perl/
1935 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1936 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1937 http://ftp.hawo.stw.uni-erlangen.de/CPAN/
1938 ftp://ftp.hawo.stw.uni-erlangen.de/CPAN/
1939 http://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/
1940 ftp://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/pub/CPAN/
1941 ftp://ftp.mpi-inf.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
1942 http://cpan.netbet.org/
1943 http://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
1944 ftp://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
1945 ftp://mirror.petamem.com/CPAN/
1946 http://www.planet-elektronik.de/CPAN/
1947 http://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/cpan/
1948 ftp://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/cpan/
1949 http://mirror.softaculous.com/cpan/
1950 http://ftp.u-tx.net/CPAN/
1951 ftp://ftp.u-tx.net/CPAN/
1952 http://mirror.reismil.ch/CPAN/
1953 Greece
1955 http://cpan.cc.uoc.gr/mirrors/CPAN/
1956 ftp://ftp.cc.uoc.gr/mirrors/CPAN/
1957 http://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
1958 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
1959 Hungary
1961 http://mirror.met.hu/CPAN/
1962 Ireland
1964 http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
1965 ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
1966 Italy
1968 http://bo.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/CPAN/
1969 ftp://ftp.eutelia.it/CPAN_Mirror/
1970 http://cpan.panu.it/
1971 ftp://ftp.panu.it/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/
1972 http://cpan.muzzy.it/
1973 Latvia
1975 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
1976 Lithuania
1978 http://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/
1979 ftp://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/
1980 Moldova
1982 http://mirror.as43289.net/pub/CPAN/
1983 ftp://mirror.as43289.net/pub/CPAN/
1984 Netherlands
1986 http://cpan.cs.uu.nl/
1987 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/pub/CPAN/
1988 http://mirror.nl.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
1989 ftp://mirror.nl.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
1990 http://ftp.nluug.nl/languages/perl/CPAN/
1991 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1992 http://mirror.transip.net/CPAN/
1993 ftp://mirror.transip.net/CPAN/
1994 http://cpan.mirror.triple-it.nl/
1995 http://ftp.tudelft.nl/cpan/
1996 ftp://ftp.tudelft.nl/pub/CPAN/
1997 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1998 Norway
2000 http://cpan.uib.no/
2001 ftp://cpan.uib.no/pub/CPAN/
2002 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2003 http://cpan.vianett.no/
2004 Poland
2006 http://ftp.agh.edu.pl/CPAN/
2007 ftp://ftp.agh.edu.pl/CPAN/
2008 http://ftp.piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2009 ftp://ftp.piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2010 ftp://ftp.ps.pl/pub/CPAN/
2011 http://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
2012 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
2013 Portugal
2015 http://cpan.dcc.fc.up.pt/
2016 http://mirrors.fe.up.pt/pub/CPAN/
2017 http://cpan.perl-hackers.net/
2018 http://cpan.perl.pt/
2019 Romania
2021 http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/cpan.org/
2022 ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN/
2023 http://mirrors.m247.ro/CPAN/
2024 http://mirrors.evowise.com/CPAN/
2025 http://mirrors.teentelecom.net/CPAN/
2026 ftp://mirrors.teentelecom.net/CPAN/
2027 http://mirrors.xservers.ro/CPAN/
2028 Russian Federation
2030 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/CPAN/
2031 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
2032 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2033 http://cpan-mirror.rbc.ru/pub/CPAN/
2034 http://mirror.rol.ru/CPAN/
2035 http://cpan.uni-altai.ru/
2036 http://cpan.webdesk.ru/
2037 ftp://cpan.webdesk.ru/cpan/
2038 http://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/cpan/
2039 ftp://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/cpan/
2040 Serbia
2042 http://mirror.sbb.rs/CPAN/
2043 ftp://mirror.sbb.rs/CPAN/
2044 Slovakia
2046 http://cpan.lnx.sk/
2047 http://tux.rainside.sk/CPAN/
2048 ftp://tux.rainside.sk/CPAN/
2049 Slovenia
2051 http://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
2052 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
2053 Spain
2055 http://mirrors.evowise.com/CPAN/
2056 http://osl.ugr.es/CPAN/
2057 http://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
2058 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
2059 Sweden
2061 http://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/CPAN/
2062 ftp://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/CPAN/
2063 Switzerland
2065 http://www.pirbot.com/mirrors/cpan/
2066 http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/mirror/CPAN/
2067 ftp://mirror.switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
2068 Ukraine
2070 http://cpan.ip-connect.vn.ua/
2071 ftp://cpan.ip-connect.vn.ua/mirror/cpan/
2072 United Kingdom
2074 http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
2075 ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
2076 http://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/
2077 ftp://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/
2078 http://mirrors.coreix.net/CPAN/
2079 http://cpan.etla.org/
2080 ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN/
2081 http://cpan.cpantesters.org/
2082 http://mirror.sax.uk.as61049.net/CPAN/
2083 http://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/CPAN/
2084 http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/cpan.perl.org/CPAN/
2085 ftp://ftp.mirrorservice.org/sites/cpan.perl.org/CPAN/
2086 http://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/
2087 ftp://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/
2088 http://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/
2089 ftp://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/
2090 http://cpan.mirrors.uk2.net/
2091 ftp://mirrors.uk2.net/pub/CPAN/
2092 http://mirror.ukhost4u.com/CPAN/
2093 North America
2095 Canada
2096 http://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/
2097 ftp://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/pub/CPAN/
2098 http://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/CPAN/
2099 ftp://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/CPAN/
2100 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN/
2101 http://mirror.its.dal.ca/cpan/
2102 ftp://mirror.its.dal.ca/cpan/
2103 ftp://ftp.ottix.net/pub/CPAN/
2104 Costa Rica
2106 http://mirrors.ucr.ac.cr/CPAN/
2107 Mexico
2109 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
2110 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
2111 United States
2113 Alabama
2114 http://mirror.teklinks.com/CPAN/
2115 Arizona
2117 http://mirror.n5tech.com/CPAN/
2118 http://mirrors.namecheap.com/CPAN/
2119 ftp://mirrors.namecheap.com/CPAN/
2120 California
2122 http://cpan.develooper.com/
2123 http://httpupdate127.cpanel.net/CPAN/
2124 http://mirrors.sonic.net/cpan/
2125 ftp://mirrors.sonic.net/cpan/
2126 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
2127 http://cpan.yimg.com/
2128 Idaho
2130 http://mirrors.syringanetworks.net/CPAN/
2131 ftp://mirrors.syringanetworks.net/CPAN/
2132 Illinois
2134 http://cpan.mirrors.hoobly.com/
2135 http://mirror.team-cymru.org/CPAN/
2136 ftp://mirror.team-cymru.org/CPAN/
2137 Indiana
2139 http://cpan.netnitco.net/
2140 ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2141 ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
2142 Kansas
2144 http://mirrors.concertpass.com/cpan/
2145 Massachusetts
2147 http://mirrors.ccs.neu.edu/CPAN/
2148 Michigan
2150 http://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
2151 ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
2152 http://httpupdate118.cpanel.net/CPAN/
2153 http://mirrors-usa.go-parts.com/cpan/
2154 http://ftp.wayne.edu/CPAN/
2155 ftp://ftp.wayne.edu/CPAN/
2156 New Hampshire
2158 http://mirror.metrocast.net/cpan/
2159 New Jersey
2161 http://mirror.datapipe.net/CPAN/
2162 ftp://mirror.datapipe.net/pub/CPAN/
2163 http://www.hoovism.com/CPAN/
2164 ftp://ftp.hoovism.com/CPAN/
2165 http://cpan.mirror.nac.net/
2166 New York
2168 http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/
2169 ftp://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/
2170 http://cpan.belfry.net/
2171 http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
2172 ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/CPAN/
2173 http://cpan.hexten.net/
2174 ftp://cpan.hexten.net/
2175 http://mirror.nyi.net/CPAN/
2176 ftp://mirror.nyi.net/pub/CPAN/
2177 http://noodle.portalus.net/CPAN/
2178 ftp://noodle.portalus.net/CPAN/
2179 http://mirrors.rit.edu/CPAN/
2180 ftp://mirrors.rit.edu/CPAN/
2181 North Carolina
2183 http://httpupdate140.cpanel.net/CPAN/
2184 http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/CPAN/
2185 Oregon
2187 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/
2188 ftp://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/
2189 http://mirror.uoregon.edu/CPAN/
2190 Pennsylvania
2192 http://cpan.pair.com/
2193 ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
2194 http://cpan.mirrors.ionfish.org/
2195 South Carolina
2197 http://cpan.mirror.clemson.edu/
2198 Texas
2200 http://mirror.uta.edu/CPAN/
2201 Utah
2203 http://cpan.cs.utah.edu/
2204 ftp://cpan.cs.utah.edu/CPAN/
2205 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
2206 Virginia
2208 http://mirror.cogentco.com/pub/CPAN/
2209 ftp://mirror.cogentco.com/pub/CPAN/
2210 http://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2211 ftp://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2212 http://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2213 ftp://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2214 Washington
2216 http://cpan.llarian.net/
2217 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
2218 Wisconsin
2220 http://cpan.mirrors.tds.net/
2221 ftp://cpan.mirrors.tds.net/pub/CPAN/
2222 Oceania
2224 Australia
2225 http://mirror.as24220.net/pub/cpan/
2226 ftp://mirror.as24220.net/pub/cpan/
2227 http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au/
2228 http://cpan.mirror.digitalpacific.com.au/
2229 ftp://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/cpan/
2230 http://mirror.optusnet.com.au/CPAN/
2231 http://cpan.mirror.serversaustralia.com.au/
2232 http://cpan.uberglobalmirror.com/
2233 http://mirror.waia.asn.au/pub/cpan/
2234 New Caledonia
2236 http://cpan.lagoon.nc/pub/CPAN/
2237 ftp://cpan.lagoon.nc/pub/CPAN/
2238 http://cpan.nautile.nc/CPAN/
2239 ftp://cpan.nautile.nc/CPAN/
2240 New Zealand
2242 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
2243 http://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/CPAN/
2244 ftp://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/pub/CPAN/
2245 http://cpan.inspire.net.nz/
2246 ftp://cpan.inspire.net.nz/cpan/
2247 http://mirror.webtastix.net/CPAN/
2248 ftp://mirror.webtastix.net/CPAN/
2249 South America
2251 Argentina
2252 http://cpan.mmgdesigns.com.ar/
2253 Brazil
2255 http://cpan.kinghost.net/
2256 http://linorg.usp.br/CPAN/
2257 http://mirror.nbtelecom.com.br/CPAN/
2258 Chile
2260 http://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/
2261 ftp://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/cpan/
2262 RSYNC Mirrors
2264 rsync://ftp.is.co.za/IS-Mirror/ftp.cpan.org/
2265 rsync://mirror.ac.za/CPAN/
2266 rsync://mirror.zol.co.zw/CPAN/
2267 rsync://mirror.dhakacom.com/CPAN/
2268 rsync://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CPAN/
2269 rsync://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/CPAN/
2270 rsync://kambing.ui.ac.id/CPAN/
2271 rsync://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
2272 rsync://mirror.jre655.com/CPAN/
2273 rsync://ftp.kddilabs.jp/cpan/
2274 rsync://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/cpan/
2275 rsync://ftp.riken.jp/cpan/
2276 rsync://mirror.neolabs.kz/CPAN/
2277 rsync://mirror.qnren.qa/CPAN/
2278 rsync://ftp.neowiz.com/CPAN/
2279 rsync://mirror.0x.sg/CPAN/
2280 rsync://ftp.yzu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
2281 rsync://ftp.ubuntu-tw.org/CPAN/
2282 rsync://mirrors.digipower.vn/CPAN/
2283 rsync://cpan.inode.at/CPAN/
2284 rsync://ftp.byfly.by/CPAN/
2285 rsync://mirror.datacenter.by/CPAN/
2286 rsync://ftp.belnet.be/cpan/
2287 rsync://cpan.mirror.ba/CPAN/
2288 rsync://mirrors.neterra.net/CPAN/
2289 rsync://mirrors.netix.net/CPAN/
2290 rsync://mirror.dkm.cz/cpan/
2291 rsync://mirrors.nic.cz/CPAN/
2292 rsync://cpan.mirror.vutbr.cz/cpan/
2293 rsync://rsync.nic.funet.fi/CPAN/
2294 rsync://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/cpan/
2295 rsync://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
2296 rsync://cpan.mirrors.ovh.net/CPAN/
2297 rsync://mirror.de.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2298 rsync://mirror.euserv.net/cpan/
2299 rsync://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/CPAN/
2300 rsync://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2301 rsync://ftp.hawo.stw.uni-erlangen.de/CPAN/
2302 rsync://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/CPAN/
2303 rsync://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
2304 rsync://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/cpan/
2305 rsync://ftp.ntua.gr/CPAN/
2306 rsync://mirror.met.hu/CPAN/
2307 rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
2308 rsync://rsync.panu.it/CPAN/
2309 rsync://mirror.as43289.net/CPAN/
2310 rsync://rsync.cs.uu.nl/CPAN/
2311 rsync://mirror.nl.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2312 rsync://ftp.nluug.nl/CPAN/
2313 rsync://mirror.transip.net/CPAN/
2314 rsync://cpan.uib.no/cpan/
2315 rsync://cpan.vianett.no/CPAN/
2316 rsync://cpan.perl-hackers.net/CPAN/
2317 rsync://cpan.perl.pt/cpan/
2318 rsync://mirrors.m247.ro/CPAN/
2319 rsync://mirrors.teentelecom.net/CPAN/
2320 rsync://cpan.webdesk.ru/CPAN/
2321 rsync://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/cpan/
2322 rsync://mirror.sbb.rs/CPAN/
2323 rsync://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/CPAN/
2324 rsync://rsync.pirbot.com/ftp/cpan/
2325 rsync://cpan.ip-connect.vn.ua/CPAN/
2326 rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
2327 rsync://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/
2328 rsync://mirror.sax.uk.as61049.net/CPAN/
2329 rsync://rsync.mirrorservice.org/cpan.perl.org/CPAN/
2330 rsync://ftp.ticklers.org/CPAN/
2331 rsync://mirrors.uk2.net/CPAN/
2332 rsync://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/CPAN/
2333 rsync://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/CPAN/
2334 rsync://mirrors.namecheap.com/CPAN/
2335 rsync://mirrors.syringanetworks.net/CPAN/
2336 rsync://mirror.team-cymru.org/CPAN/
2337 rsync://debian.cse.msu.edu/cpan/
2338 rsync://mirrors-usa.go-parts.com/mirrors/cpan/
2339 rsync://rsync.hoovism.com/CPAN/
2340 rsync://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/cpan/
2341 rsync://noodle.portalus.net/CPAN/
2342 rsync://mirrors.rit.edu/cpan/
2343 rsync://mirrors.ibiblio.org/CPAN/
2344 rsync://cpan.pair.com/CPAN/
2345 rsync://cpan.cs.utah.edu/CPAN/
2346 rsync://mirror.cogentco.com/CPAN/
2347 rsync://mirror.jmu.edu/CPAN/
2348 rsync://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2349 rsync://cpan.mirror.digitalpacific.com.au/cpan/
2350 rsync://mirror.internode.on.net/cpan/
2351 rsync://uberglobalmirror.com/cpan/
2352 rsync://cpan.lagoon.nc/cpan/
2353 rsync://mirrors.mmgdesigns.com.ar/CPAN/
2354 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites, see
2356 <https://www.cpan.org/SITES> or <ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES>.
2357
2359 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
2360 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
2361 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a package
2363 doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a namespace.
2364 A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be used as
2365 methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its first
2366 argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods), or a
2367 reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
2368 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
2370 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
2371 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
2372 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
2373 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
2374 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
2375 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the .pm file is required to
2376 exist. See perlsub, perlobj, and AutoLoader for details about the
2377 AUTOLOAD mechanism.
2378 Guidelines for Module Creation
2380 • Do similar modules already exist in some form?
2381 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
2383 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
2384 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
2385 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
2386 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
2387 with command line options.
2388 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
2390 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
2391 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
2392 scheme as the original author.
2393 • Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
2395 Try to "use warnings;" (or "use warnings qw(...);"). Remember that
2397 you can add "no warnings qw(...);" to individual blocks of code
2398 that need less warnings.
2399 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to
2401 bless into the class name given as the first parameter of the
2402 constructor, e.g.,:
2403 sub new {
2405 my $class = shift;
2406 return bless {}, $class;
2407 }
2408 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static or a
2410 virtual method.
2411 sub new {
2413 my $self = shift;
2414 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
2415 return bless {}, $class;
2416 }
2417 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
2419 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
2420 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
2421 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
2422 Avoid class name tests like: "die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq
2424 'FOO'". Generally you can delete the "eq 'FOO'" part with no harm
2425 at all. Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid
2426 hard-wired class names as far as possible.
2427 Avoid "$r->Class::func()" where using "@ISA=qw(... Class ...)" and
2429 "$r->func()" would work.
2430 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
2432 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to the
2433 module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
2434 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
2436 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
2438 "@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);" your applications should be able
2439 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
2440 does your application still work if you change: "$obj =
2441 YOURCLASS->new();" into: "$obj = SUBCLASS->new();" ?
2442 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
2444 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
2445 information in objects.
2446 Always use -w.
2448 Try to "use strict;" (or "use strict qw(...);"). Remember that you
2450 can add "no strict qw(...);" to individual blocks of code that need
2451 less strictness.
2452 Always use -w.
2454 Follow the guidelines in perlstyle.
2456 Always use -w.
2458 • Some simple style guidelines
2460 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
2462 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve
2464 their style over several years as they learn what helps them write
2465 and maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions
2466 that seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
2467 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
2469 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for non-
2470 native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
2471 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
2472 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
2474 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
2475 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
2476 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
2477 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope or
2479 nature of a variable. For example:
2480 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
2482 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
2483 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
2484 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
2486 e.g., "$obj->as_string()".
2487 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
2489 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
2490 • Select what to export.
2492 Do NOT export method names!
2494 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
2496 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
2498 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
2499 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
2500 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside
2502 the module using the ModuleName::item_name (or
2503 "$blessed_ref->method") syntax. By convention you can use a
2504 leading underscore on names to indicate informally that they are
2505 'internal' and not for public use.
2506 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying: "my
2508 $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;". But there's no way to call
2509 that directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the
2510 symbol table.)
2511 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
2513 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
2514 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
2515 • Select a name for the module.
2517 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
2519 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
2520 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is
2521 special about what the module does rather than how it does it.
2522 Please use nested module names to group informally or categorize a
2523 module. There should be a very good reason for a module not to
2524 have a nested name. Module names should begin with a capital
2525 letter.
2526 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for
2528 anyone (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally
2529 better :-). Imagine someone trying to install your module
2530 alongside many others.
2531 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
2533 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
2534 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
2535 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
2536 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
2538 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in those
2539 modules.
2540 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
2542 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
2543 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
2544 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
2545 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
2546 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
2548 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure
2549 each is unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this
2550 easier.
2551 For additional guidance on the naming of modules, please consult:
2553 https://pause.perl.org/pause/query?ACTION=pause_namingmodules
2555 or send mail to the <module-authors@perl.org> mailing list.
2557 • Have you got it right?
2559 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
2561 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have you
2562 picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
2563 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful
2565 suggestions, is to ask someone who knows. The
2566 <module-authors@perl.org> mailing list is useful for this purpose;
2567 it's also accessible via news interface as perl.module-authors at
2568 nntp.perl.org.
2569 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
2571 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
2572 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
2573 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
2574 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
2576 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
2577 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
2578 • README and other Additional Files.
2580 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
2582 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
2583 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
2584 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
2585 • A description of the module/package/extension etc.
2587 • A copyright notice - see below.
2589 • Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
2591 • How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
2593 • How to install it.
2595 • Recent changes in this release, especially
2597 incompatibilities
2598 • Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
2600 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
2602 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
2603 Copying, ToDo etc.
2604 • Adding a Copyright Notice.
2606 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
2608 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
2609 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
2610 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The
2612 GNU GPL and The Artistic Licence (see the files README,
2613 Copying, and Artistic, or perlgpl and perlartistic). Larry has
2614 good reasons for NOT just using the GNU GPL.
2615 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and
2617 the Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
2618 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
2620 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
2621 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
2622 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You
2624 may also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source
2625 files. Remember to include the other words in addition to the
2626 Copyright.
2627 • Give the module a version/issue/release number.
2629 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules
2631 you should store your module's version number in a non-my
2632 package variable called $VERSION. This should be a positive
2633 floating point number with at least two digits after the
2634 decimal (i.e., hundredths, e.g, "$VERSION = "0.01""). Don't
2635 use a "1.3.2" style version. See Exporter for details.
2636 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the
2638 number. Use the number in announcements and archive file names
2639 when releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z). See perldoc
2640 ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
2641 • How to release and distribute a module.
2643 If possible, register the module with CPAN. Follow the
2645 instructions and links on:
2646 https://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
2648 and upload to:
2650 https://pause.perl.org/
2652 and notify <modules@perl.org>. This will allow anyone to
2654 install your module using the "cpan" tool distributed with
2655 Perl.
2656 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to
2658 mirror your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own
2659 directory on CPAN!
2660 • Take care when changing a released module.
2662 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released
2664 versions. Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
2665 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible
2666 changes.
2667 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2669 • There is no requirement to convert anything.
2670 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
2672 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
2673 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
2674 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
2675 • Consider the implications.
2677 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to be
2679 changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is it
2680 worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
2681 • Make the most of the opportunity.
2683 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
2685 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
2686 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
2687 • The pl2pm utility will get you started.
2689 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
2691 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
2692 • Adds the standard Module prologue lines
2694 • Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
2696 • Converts die(...) to croak(...)
2698 • Several other minor changes
2700 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
2702 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
2703 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
2704 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2706 • Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
2707 • Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
2709 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
2711 to reuse.
2712 • Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
2714 • Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
2716 • In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
2718 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these
2720 cases the application could invoked as:
2721 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
2723 or
2724 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
2725
2727 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you
2728 may have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17.
2729 Perl doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would
2730 prefer that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't
2731 invited, not because it has a shotgun.
2732 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
2734 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
2735 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
2736 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
2737 provisions. But then you know when you "use RedefineTheWorld" that
2738 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.
2739perl v5.32.1 2021-05-31 PERLMODLIB(1)