1WWW::Mechanize(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation WWW::Mechanize(3)
2
6 WWW::Mechanize - Handy web browsing in a Perl object
7
9 version 2.04
10
12 WWW::Mechanize supports performing a sequence of page fetches including
13 following links and submitting forms. Each fetched page is parsed and
14 its links and forms are extracted. A link or a form can be selected,
15 form fields can be filled and the next page can be fetched. Mech also
16 stores a history of the URLs you've visited, which can be queried and
17 revisited.
18 use WWW::Mechanize ();
20 my $mech = WWW::Mechanize->new();
21 $mech->get( $url );
23 $mech->follow_link( n => 3 );
25 $mech->follow_link( text_regex => qr/download this/i );
26 $mech->follow_link( url => 'http://host.com/index.html' );
27 $mech->submit_form(
29 form_number => 3,
30 fields => {
31 username => 'mungo',
32 password => 'lost-and-alone',
33 }
34 );
35 $mech->submit_form(
37 form_name => 'search',
38 fields => { query => 'pot of gold', },
39 button => 'Search Now'
40 );
41 # Enable strict form processing to catch typos and non-existant form fields.
43 my $strict_mech = WWW::Mechanize->new( strict_forms => 1);
44 $strict_mech->get( $url );
46 # This method call will die, saving you lots of time looking for the bug.
48 $strict_mech->submit_form(
49 form_number => 3,
50 fields => {
51 usernaem => 'mungo', # typo in field name
52 password => 'lost-and-alone',
53 extra_field => 123, # field does not exist
54 }
55 );
56
58 "WWW::Mechanize", or Mech for short, is a Perl module for stateful
59 programmatic web browsing, used for automating interaction with
60 websites.
61 Features include:
63 • All HTTP methods
65 • High-level hyperlink and HTML form support, without having to parse
67 HTML yourself
68 • SSL support
70 • Automatic cookies
72 • Custom HTTP headers
74 • Automatic handling of redirections
76 • Proxies
78 • HTTP authentication
80 Mech is well suited for use in testing web applications. If you use
82 one of the Test::*, like Test::HTML::Lint modules, you can check the
83 fetched content and use that as input to a test call.
84 use Test::More;
86 like( $mech->content(), qr/$expected/, "Got expected content" );
87 Each page fetch stores its URL in a history stack which you can
89 traverse.
90 $mech->back();
92 If you want finer control over your page fetching, you can use these
94 methods. "follow_link" and "submit_form" are just high level wrappers
95 around them.
96 $mech->find_link( n => $number );
98 $mech->form_number( $number );
99 $mech->form_name( $name );
100 $mech->field( $name, $value );
101 $mech->set_fields( %field_values );
102 $mech->set_visible( @criteria );
103 $mech->click( $button );
104 WWW::Mechanize is a proper subclass of LWP::UserAgent and you can also
106 use any of LWP::UserAgent's methods.
107 $mech->add_header($name => $value);
109 Please note that Mech does NOT support JavaScript, you need additional
111 software for that. Please check "JavaScript" in WWW::Mechanize::FAQ for
112 more.
113
115 • <https://github.com/libwww-perl/WWW-Mechanize/issues>
116 The queue for bugs & enhancements in WWW::Mechanize. Please note
118 that the queue at <http://rt.cpan.org> is no longer maintained.
119 • <https://metacpan.org/pod/WWW::Mechanize>
121 The CPAN documentation page for Mechanize.
123 • <https://metacpan.org/pod/distribution/WWW-Mechanize/lib/WWW/Mechanize/FAQ.pod>
125 Frequently asked questions. Make sure you read here FIRST.
127
129 new()
130 Creates and returns a new WWW::Mechanize object, hereafter referred to
131 as the "agent".
132 my $mech = WWW::Mechanize->new()
134 The constructor for WWW::Mechanize overrides two of the params to the
136 LWP::UserAgent constructor:
137 agent => 'WWW-Mechanize/#.##'
139 cookie_jar => {} # an empty, memory-only HTTP::Cookies object
140 You can override these overrides by passing params to the constructor,
142 as in:
143 my $mech = WWW::Mechanize->new( agent => 'wonderbot 1.01' );
145 If you want none of the overhead of a cookie jar, or don't want your
147 bot accepting cookies, you have to explicitly disallow it, like so:
148 my $mech = WWW::Mechanize->new( cookie_jar => undef );
150 Here are the params that WWW::Mechanize recognizes. These do not
152 include params that LWP::UserAgent recognizes.
153 • "autocheck => [0|1]"
155 Checks each request made to see if it was successful. This saves
157 you the trouble of manually checking yourself. Any errors found
158 are errors, not warnings.
159 The default value is ON, unless it's being subclassed, in which
161 case it is OFF. This means that standalone WWW::Mechanize
162 instances have autocheck turned on, which is protective for the
163 vast majority of Mech users who don't bother checking the return
164 value of get() and post() and can't figure why their code fails.
165 However, if WWW::Mechanize is subclassed, such as for
166 Test::WWW::Mechanize or Test::WWW::Mechanize::Catalyst, this may
167 not be an appropriate default, so it's off.
168 • "noproxy => [0|1]"
170 Turn off the automatic call to the LWP::UserAgent "env_proxy"
172 function.
173 This needs to be explicitly turned off if you're using
175 Crypt::SSLeay to access a https site via a proxy server. Note: you
176 still need to set your HTTPS_PROXY environment variable as
177 appropriate.
178 • "onwarn => \&func"
180 Reference to a "warn"-compatible function, such as "Carp::carp",
182 that is called when a warning needs to be shown.
183 If this is set to "undef", no warnings will ever be shown.
185 However, it's probably better to use the "quiet" method to control
186 that behavior.
187 If this value is not passed, Mech uses "Carp::carp" if Carp is
189 installed, or "CORE::warn" if not.
190 • "onerror => \&func"
192 Reference to a "die"-compatible function, such as "Carp::croak",
194 that is called when there's a fatal error.
195 If this is set to "undef", no errors will ever be shown.
197 If this value is not passed, Mech uses "Carp::croak" if Carp is
199 installed, or "CORE::die" if not.
200 • "quiet => [0|1]"
202 Don't complain on warnings. Setting "quiet => 1" is the same as
204 calling "$mech->quiet(1)". Default is off.
205 • "stack_depth => $value"
207 Sets the depth of the page stack that keeps track of all the
209 downloaded pages. Default is effectively infinite stack size. If
210 the stack is eating up your memory, then set this to a smaller
211 number, say 5 or 10. Setting this to zero means Mech will keep no
212 history.
213 In addition, WWW::Mechanize also allows you to globally enable strict
215 and verbose mode for form handling, which is done with HTML::Form.
216 • "strict_forms => [0|1]"
218 Globally sets the HTML::Form strict flag which causes form
220 submission to croak if any of the passed fields don't exist in the
221 form, and/or a value doesn't exist in a select element. This can
222 still be disabled in individual calls to "submit_form()".
223 Default is off.
225 • "verbose_forms => [0|1]"
227 Globally sets the HTML::Form verbose flag which causes form
229 submission to warn about any bad HTML form constructs found. This
230 cannot be disabled later.
231 Default is off.
233 • "marked_sections => [0|1]"
235 Globally sets the HTML::Parser marked sections flag which causes
237 HTML "CDATA[[" sections to be honoured. This cannot be disabled
238 later.
239 Default is on.
241 To support forms, WWW::Mechanize's constructor pushes POST on to the
243 agent's "requests_redirectable" list (see also LWP::UserAgent.)
244 $mech->agent_alias( $alias )
246 Sets the user agent string to the expanded version from a table of
247 actual user strings. $alias can be one of the following:
248 • Windows IE 6
250 • Windows Mozilla
252 • Mac Safari
254 • Mac Mozilla
256 • Linux Mozilla
258 • Linux Konqueror
260 then it will be replaced with a more interesting one. For instance,
262 $mech->agent_alias( 'Windows IE 6' );
264 sets your User-Agent to
266 Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)
268 The list of valid aliases can be returned from "known_agent_aliases()".
270 The current list is:
271 • Windows IE 6
273 • Windows Mozilla
275 • Mac Safari
277 • Mac Mozilla
279 • Linux Mozilla
281 • Linux Konqueror
283 known_agent_aliases()
285 Returns a list of all the agent aliases that Mech knows about.
286
288 $mech->get( $uri )
289 Given a URL/URI, fetches it. Returns an HTTP::Response object. $uri
290 can be a well-formed URL string, a URI object, or a
291 WWW::Mechanize::Link object.
292 The results are stored internally in the agent object, but you don't
294 know that. Just use the accessors listed below. Poking at the
295 internals is deprecated and subject to change in the future.
296 "get()" is a well-behaved overloaded version of the method in
298 LWP::UserAgent. This lets you do things like
299 $mech->get( $uri, ':content_file' => $filename );
301 and you can rest assured that the params will get filtered down
303 appropriately. See "get" in LWP::UserAgent for more details.
304 NOTE: Because ":content_file" causes the page contents to be stored in
306 a file instead of the response object, some Mech functions that expect
307 it to be there won't work as expected. Use with caution.
308 $mech->post( $uri, content => $content )
310 POSTs $content to $uri. Returns an HTTP::Response object. $uri can be
311 a well-formed URI string, a URI object, or a WWW::Mechanize::Link
312 object.
313 $mech->put( $uri, content => $content )
315 PUTs $content to $uri. Returns an HTTP::Response object. $uri can be
316 a well-formed URI string, a URI object, or a WWW::Mechanize::Link
317 object.
318 my $res = $mech->head( $uri );
320 my $res = $mech->head( $uri , $field_name => $value, ... );
321 $mech->head ($uri )
323 Performs a HEAD request to $uri. Returns an HTTP::Response object.
324 $uri can be a well-formed URI string, a URI object, or a
325 WWW::Mechanize::Link object.
326 $mech->reload()
328 Acts like the reload button in a browser: repeats the current request.
329 The history (as per the back() method) is not altered.
330 Returns the HTTP::Response object from the reload, or "undef" if
332 there's no current request.
333 $mech->back()
335 The equivalent of hitting the "back" button in a browser. Returns to
336 the previous page. Won't go back past the first page. (Really, what
337 would it do if it could?)
338 Returns true if it could go back, or false if not.
340 $mech->clear_history()
342 This deletes all the history entries and returns true.
343 $mech->history_count()
345 This returns the number of items in the browser history. This number
346 does include the most recently made request.
347 $mech->history($n)
349 This returns the nth item in history. The 0th item is the most recent
350 request and response, which would be acted on by methods like
351 "find_link()". The 1st item is the state you'd return to if you called
352 "back()".
353 The maximum useful value for $n is "$mech->history_count - 1".
355 Requests beyond that bound will return "undef".
356 History items are returned as hash references, in the form:
358 { req => $http_request, res => $http_response }
360
362 $mech->success()
363 Returns a boolean telling whether the last request was successful. If
364 there hasn't been an operation yet, returns false.
365 This is a convenience function that wraps "$mech->res->is_success".
367 $mech->uri()
369 Returns the current URI as a URI object. This object stringifies to the
370 URI itself.
371 $mech->response() / $mech->res()
373 Return the current response as an HTTP::Response object.
374 Synonym for "$mech->response()"
376 $mech->status()
378 Returns the HTTP status code of the response. This is a 3-digit number
379 like 200 for OK, 404 for not found, and so on.
380 $mech->ct() / $mech->content_type()
382 Returns the content type of the response.
383 $mech->base()
385 Returns the base URI for the current response
386 $mech->forms()
388 When called in a list context, returns a list of the forms found in the
389 last fetched page. In a scalar context, returns a reference to an array
390 with those forms. The forms returned are all HTML::Form objects.
391 $mech->current_form()
393 Returns the current form as an HTML::Form object.
394 $mech->links()
396 When called in a list context, returns a list of the links found in the
397 last fetched page. In a scalar context it returns a reference to an
398 array with those links. Each link is a WWW::Mechanize::Link object.
399 $mech->is_html()
401 Returns true/false on whether our content is HTML, according to the
402 HTTP headers.
403 $mech->title()
405 Returns the contents of the "<TITLE>" tag, as parsed by
406 HTML::HeadParser. Returns undef if the content is not HTML.
407 $mech->redirects()
409 Convenience method to get the redirects from the most recent
410 HTTP::Response.
411 Note that you can also use is_redirect to see if the most recent
413 response was a redirect like this.
414 $mech->get($url);
416 do_stuff() if $mech->res->is_redirect;
417
419 $mech->content(...)
420 Returns the content that the mech uses internally for the last page
421 fetched. Ordinarily this is the same as
422 "$mech->response()->decoded_content()", but this may differ for HTML
423 documents if update_html is overloaded (in which case the value passed
424 to the base-class implementation of same will be returned), and/or
425 extra named arguments are passed to content():
426 $mech->content( format => 'text' )
428 Returns a text-only version of the page, with all HTML markup
429 stripped. This feature requires HTML::TreeBuilder version 5 or higher
430 to be installed, or a fatal error will be thrown. This works only if
431 the contents are HTML.
432 $mech->content( base_href => [$base_href|undef] )
434 Returns the HTML document, modified to contain a "<base
435 href="$base_href">" mark-up in the header. $base_href is
436 "$mech->base()" if not specified. This is handy to pass the HTML to
437 e.g. HTML::Display. This works only if the contents are HTML.
438 $mech->content( raw => 1 )
440 Returns "$self->response()->content()", i.e. the raw contents from
441 the response.
442 $mech->content( decoded_by_headers => 1 )
444 Returns the content after applying all "Content-Encoding" headers but
445 with not additional mangling.
446 $mech->content( charset => $charset )
448 Returns "$self->response()->decoded_content(charset => $charset)"
449 (see HTTP::Response for details).
450 To preserve backwards compatibility, additional parameters will be
452 ignored unless none of "raw | decoded_by_headers | charset" is
453 specified and the text is HTML, in which case an error will be
454 triggered.
455 A fresh instance of WWW::Mechanize will return "undef" when
457 "$mech->content()" is called, because no content is present before a
458 request has been made.
459 $mech->text()
461 Returns the text of the current HTML content. If the content isn't
462 HTML, $mech will die.
463 The text is extracted by parsing the content, and then the extracted
465 text is cached, so don't worry about performance of calling this
466 repeatedly.
467
469 $mech->links()
470 Lists all the links on the current page. Each link is a
471 WWW::Mechanize::Link object. In list context, returns a list of all
472 links. In scalar context, returns an array reference of all links.
473 $mech->follow_link(...)
475 Follows a specified link on the page. You specify the match to be
476 found using the same params that "find_link()" uses.
477 Here some examples:
479 • 3rd link called "download"
481 $mech->follow_link( text => 'download', n => 3 );
483 • first link where the URL has "download" in it, regardless of case:
485 $mech->follow_link( url_regex => qr/download/i );
487 or
489 $mech->follow_link( url_regex => qr/(?i:download)/ );
491 • 3rd link on the page
493 $mech->follow_link( n => 3 );
495 • the link with the url
497 $mech->follow_link( url => '/other/page' );
499 or
501 $mech->follow_link( url => 'http://example.com/page' );
503 Returns the result of the "GET" method (an HTTP::Response object) if a
505 link was found.
506 If the page has no links, or the specified link couldn't be found,
508 returns "undef". If "autocheck" is enabled an exception will be thrown
509 instead.
510 $mech->find_link( ... )
512 Finds a link in the currently fetched page. It returns a
513 WWW::Mechanize::Link object which describes the link. (You'll probably
514 be most interested in the "url()" property.) If it fails to find a
515 link it returns undef.
516 You can take the URL part and pass it to the "get()" method. If that's
518 your plan, you might as well use the "follow_link()" method directly,
519 since it does the "get()" for you automatically.
520 Note that "<FRAME SRC="...">" tags are parsed out of the HTML and
522 treated as links so this method works with them.
523 You can select which link to find by passing in one or more of these
525 key/value pairs:
526 • "text => 'string'," and "text_regex => qr/regex/,"
528 "text" matches the text of the link against string, which must be
530 an exact match. To select a link with text that is exactly
531 "download", use
532 $mech->find_link( text => 'download' );
534 "text_regex" matches the text of the link against regex. To select
536 a link with text that has "download" anywhere in it, regardless of
537 case, use
538 $mech->find_link( text_regex => qr/download/i );
540 Note that the text extracted from the page's links are trimmed.
542 For example, "<a> foo </a>" is stored as 'foo', and searching for
543 leading or trailing spaces will fail.
544 • "url => 'string'," and "url_regex => qr/regex/,"
546 Matches the URL of the link against string or regex, as
548 appropriate. The URL may be a relative URL, like foo/bar.html,
549 depending on how it's coded on the page.
550 • "url_abs => string" and "url_abs_regex => regex"
552 Matches the absolute URL of the link against string or regex, as
554 appropriate. The URL will be an absolute URL, even if it's
555 relative in the page.
556 • "name => string" and "name_regex => regex"
558 Matches the name of the link against string or regex, as
560 appropriate.
561 • "rel => string" and "rel_regex => regex"
563 Matches the rel of the link against string or regex, as
565 appropriate. This can be used to find stylesheets, favicons, or
566 links the author of the page does not want bots to follow.
567 • "id => string" and "id_regex => regex"
569 Matches the attribute 'id' of the link against string or regex, as
571 appropriate.
572 • "class => string" and "class_regex => regex"
574 Matches the attribute 'class' of the link against string or regex,
576 as appropriate.
577 • "tag => string" and "tag_regex => regex"
579 Matches the tag that the link came from against string or regex, as
581 appropriate. The "tag_regex" is probably most useful to check for
582 more than one tag, as in:
583 $mech->find_link( tag_regex => qr/^(a|frame)$/ );
585 The tags and attributes looked at are defined below.
587 If "n" is not specified, it defaults to 1. Therefore, if you don't
589 specify any params, this method defaults to finding the first link on
590 the page.
591 Note that you can specify multiple text or URL parameters, which will
593 be ANDed together. For example, to find the first link with text of
594 "News" and with "cnn.com" in the URL, use:
595 $mech->find_link( text => 'News', url_regex => qr/cnn\.com/ );
597 The return value is a reference to an array containing a
599 WWW::Mechanize::Link object for every link in "$self->content".
600 The links come from the following:
602 "<a href=...>"
604 "<area href=...>"
605 "<frame src=...>"
606 "<iframe src=...>"
607 "<link href=...>"
608 "<meta content=...>"
609 $mech->find_all_links( ... )
611 Returns all the links on the current page that match the criteria. The
612 method for specifying link criteria is the same as in "find_link()".
613 Each of the links returned is a WWW::Mechanize::Link object.
614 In list context, "find_all_links()" returns a list of the links.
616 Otherwise, it returns a reference to the list of links.
617 "find_all_links()" with no parameters returns all links in the page.
619 $mech->find_all_inputs( ... criteria ... )
621 find_all_inputs() returns an array of all the input controls in the
622 current form whose properties match all of the regexes passed in. The
623 controls returned are all descended from HTML::Form::Input. See
624 "INPUTS" in HTML::Form for details.
625 If no criteria are passed, all inputs will be returned.
627 If there is no current page, there is no form on the current page, or
629 there are no submit controls in the current form then the return will
630 be an empty array.
631 You may use a regex or a literal string:
633 # get all textarea controls whose names begin with "customer"
635 my @customer_text_inputs = $mech->find_all_inputs(
636 type => 'textarea',
637 name_regex => qr/^customer/,
638 );
639 # get all text or textarea controls called "customer"
641 my @customer_text_inputs = $mech->find_all_inputs(
642 type_regex => qr/^(text|textarea)$/,
643 name => 'customer',
644 );
645 $mech->find_all_submits( ... criteria ... )
647 "find_all_submits()" does the same thing as "find_all_inputs()" except
648 that it only returns controls that are submit controls, ignoring other
649 types of input controls like text and checkboxes.
650
652 $mech->images
653 Lists all the images on the current page. Each image is a
654 WWW::Mechanize::Image object. In list context, returns a list of all
655 images. In scalar context, returns an array reference of all images.
656 $mech->find_image()
658 Finds an image in the current page. It returns a WWW::Mechanize::Image
659 object which describes the image. If it fails to find an image it
660 returns undef.
661 You can select which image to find by passing in one or more of these
663 key/value pairs:
664 • "alt => 'string'" and "alt_regex => qr/regex/"
666 "alt" matches the ALT attribute of the image against string, which
668 must be an exact match. To select a image with an ALT tag that is
669 exactly "download", use
670 $mech->find_image( alt => 'download' );
672 "alt_regex" matches the ALT attribute of the image against a
674 regular expression. To select an image with an ALT attribute that
675 has "download" anywhere in it, regardless of case, use
676 $mech->find_image( alt_regex => qr/download/i );
678 • "url => 'string'" and "url_regex => qr/regex/"
680 Matches the URL of the image against string or regex, as
682 appropriate. The URL may be a relative URL, like foo/bar.html,
683 depending on how it's coded on the page.
684 • "url_abs => string" and "url_abs_regex => regex"
686 Matches the absolute URL of the image against string or regex, as
688 appropriate. The URL will be an absolute URL, even if it's
689 relative in the page.
690 • "tag => string" and "tag_regex => regex"
692 Matches the tag that the image came from against string or regex,
694 as appropriate. The "tag_regex" is probably most useful to check
695 for more than one tag, as in:
696 $mech->find_image( tag_regex => qr/^(img|input)$/ );
698 The tags supported are "<img>" and "<input>".
700 • "id => string" and "id_regex => regex"
702 "id" matches the id attribute of the image against string, which
704 must be an exact match. To select an image with the exact id
705 "download-image", use
706 $mech->find_image( id => 'download-image' );
708 "id_regex" matches the id attribute of the image against a regular
710 expression. To select the first image with an id that contains
711 "download" anywhere in it, use
712 $mech->find_image( id_regex => qr/download/ );
714 • "classs => string" and "class_regex => regex"
716 "class" matches the class attribute of the image against string,
718 which must be an exact match. To select an image with the exact
719 class "img-fuid", use
720 $mech->find_image( class => 'img-fluid' );
722 To select an image with the class attribute "rounded float-left",
724 use
725 $mech->find_image( class => 'rounded float-left' );
727 Note that the classes have to be matched as a complete string, in
729 the exact order they appear in the website's source code.
730 "class_regex" matches the class attribute of the image against a
732 regular expression. Use this if you want a partial class name, or
733 if an image has several classes, but you only care about one.
734 To select the first image with the class "rounded", where there are
736 multiple images that might also have either class "float-left" or
737 "float-right", use
738 $mech->find_image( class_regex => qr/\brounded\b/ );
740 Selecting an image with multiple classes where you do not care
742 about the order they appear in the website's source code is not
743 currently supported.
744 If "n" is not specified, it defaults to 1. Therefore, if you don't
746 specify any params, this method defaults to finding the first image on
747 the page.
748 Note that you can specify multiple ALT or URL parameters, which will be
750 ANDed together. For example, to find the first image with ALT text of
751 "News" and with "cnn.com" in the URL, use:
752 $mech->find_image( image => 'News', url_regex => qr/cnn\.com/ );
754 The return value is a reference to an array containing a
756 WWW::Mechanize::Image object for every image in "$self->content".
757 $mech->find_all_images( ... )
759 Returns all the images on the current page that match the criteria.
760 The method for specifying image criteria is the same as in
761 "find_image()". Each of the images returned is a WWW::Mechanize::Image
762 object.
763 In list context, "find_all_images()" returns a list of the images.
765 Otherwise, it returns a reference to the list of images.
766 "find_all_images()" with no parameters returns all images in the page.
768
770 These methods let you work with the forms on a page. The idea is to
771 choose a form that you'll later work with using the field methods
772 below.
773 $mech->forms
775 Lists all the forms on the current page. Each form is an HTML::Form
776 object. In list context, returns a list of all forms. In scalar
777 context, returns an array reference of all forms.
778 $mech->form_number($number)
780 Selects the numberth form on the page as the target for subsequent
781 calls to "field()" and "click()". Also returns the form that was
782 selected.
783 If it is found, the form is returned as an HTML::Form object and set
785 internally for later use with Mech's form methods such as "field()" and
786 "click()". When called in a list context, the number of the found form
787 is also returned as a second value.
788 Emits a warning and returns undef if no form is found.
790 The first form is number 1, not zero.
792 $mech->form_name( $name )
794 Selects a form by name. If there is more than one form on the page
795 with that name, then the first one is used, and a warning is generated.
796 If it is found, the form is returned as an HTML::Form object and set
798 internally for later use with Mech's form methods such as "field()" and
799 "click()".
800 Returns undef if no form is found.
802 $mech->form_id( $id )
804 Selects a form by ID. If there is more than one form on the page with
805 that ID, then the first one is used, and a warning is generated.
806 If it is found, the form is returned as an HTML::Form object and set
808 internally for later use with Mech's form methods such as "field()" and
809 "click()".
810 If no form is found it returns "undef". This will also trigger a
812 warning, unless "quiet" is enabled.
813 $mech->all_forms_with_fields( @fields )
815 Selects a form by passing in a list of field names it must contain.
816 All matching forms (perhaps none) are returned as a list of HTML::Form
817 objects.
818 $mech->form_with_fields( @fields )
820 Selects a form by passing in a list of field names it must contain. If
821 there is more than one form on the page with that matches, then the
822 first one is used, and a warning is generated.
823 If it is found, the form is returned as an HTML::Form object and set
825 internally for later used with Mech's form methods such as "field()"
826 and "click()".
827 Returns undef and emits a warning if no form is found.
829 Note that this functionality requires libwww-perl 5.69 or higher.
831 $mech->all_forms_with( $attr1 => $value1, $attr2 => $value2, ... )
833 Searches for forms with arbitrary attribute/value pairs within the
834 <form> tag. (Currently does not work for attribute "action" due to
835 implementation details of HTML::Form.) When given more than one pair,
836 all criteria must match. Using "undef" as value means that the
837 attribute in question must not be present.
838 All matching forms (perhaps none) are returned as a list of HTML::Form
840 objects.
841 $mech->form_with( $attr1 => $value1, $attr2 => $value2, ... )
843 Searches for forms with arbitrary attribute/value pairs within the
844 <form> tag. (Currently does not work for attribute "action" due to
845 implementation details of HTML::Form.) When given more than one pair,
846 all criteria must match. Using "undef" as value means that the
847 attribute in question must not be present.
848 If it is found, the form is returned as an HTML::Form object and set
850 internally for later used with Mech's form methods such as "field()"
851 and "click()".
852 Returns undef if no form is found.
854
856 These methods allow you to set the values of fields in a given form.
857 $mech->field( $name, $value, $number )
859 $mech->field( $name, \@values, $number )
860 Given the name of a field, set its value to the value specified. This
861 applies to the current form (as set by the "form_name()" or
862 "form_number()" method or defaulting to the first form on the page).
863 The optional $number parameter is used to distinguish between two
865 fields with the same name. The fields are numbered from 1.
866 $mech->select($name, $value)
868 $mech->select($name, \@values)
869 Given the name of a "select" field, set its value to the value
870 specified. If the field is not "<select multiple>" and the $value is
871 an array, only the first value will be set. [Note: the documentation
872 previously claimed that only the last value would be set, but this was
873 incorrect.] Passing $value as a hash with an "n" key selects an item
874 by number (e.g. "{n => 3}" or "{n => [2,4]}"). The numbering starts
875 at 1. This applies to the current form.
876 If you have a field with "<select multiple>" and you pass a single
878 $value, then $value will be added to the list of fields selected,
879 without clearing the others. However, if you pass an array reference,
880 then all previously selected values will be cleared.
881 Returns true on successfully setting the value. On failure, returns
883 false and calls "$self->warn()" with an error message.
884 $mech->set_fields( $name => $value ... )
886 This method sets multiple fields of the current form. It takes a list
887 of field name and value pairs. If there is more than one field with the
888 same name, the first one found is set. If you want to select which of
889 the duplicate field to set, use a value which is an anonymous array
890 which has the field value and its number as the 2 elements.
891 # set the second foo field
893 $mech->set_fields( $name => [ 'foo', 2 ] );
894 The fields are numbered from 1.
896 This applies to the current form.
898 $mech->set_visible( @criteria )
900 This method sets fields of the current form without having to know
901 their names. So if you have a login screen that wants a username and
902 password, you do not have to fetch the form and inspect the source (or
903 use the mech-dump utility, installed with WWW::Mechanize) to see what
904 the field names are; you can just say
905 $mech->set_visible( $username, $password );
907 and the first and second fields will be set accordingly. The method is
909 called set_visible because it acts only on visible fields; hidden form
910 inputs are not considered. The order of the fields is the order in
911 which they appear in the HTML source which is nearly always the order
912 anyone viewing the page would think they are in, but some creative work
913 with tables could change that; caveat user.
914 Each element in @criteria is either a field value or a field specifier.
916 A field value is a scalar. A field specifier allows you to specify the
917 type of input field you want to set and is denoted with an arrayref
918 containing two elements. So you could specify the first radio button
919 with
920 $mech->set_visible( [ radio => 'KCRW' ] );
922 Field values and specifiers can be intermixed, hence
924 $mech->set_visible( 'fred', 'secret', [ option => 'Checking' ] );
926 would set the first two fields to "fred" and "secret", and the next
928 "OPTION" menu field to "Checking".
929 The possible field specifier types are: "text", "password", "hidden",
931 "textarea", "file", "image", "submit", "radio", "checkbox" and
932 "option".
933 "set_visible" returns the number of values set.
935 $mech->tick( $name, $value [, $set] )
937 "Ticks" the first checkbox that has both the name and value associated
938 with it on the current form. Dies if there is no named check box for
939 that value. Passing in a false value as the third optional argument
940 will cause the checkbox to be unticked.
941 $mech->untick($name, $value)
943 Causes the checkbox to be unticked. Shorthand for
944 "tick($name,$value,undef)"
945 $mech->value( $name [, $number] )
947 Given the name of a field, return its value. This applies to the
948 current form.
949 The optional $number parameter is used to distinguish between two
951 fields with the same name. The fields are numbered from 1.
952 If the field is of type file (file upload field), the value is always
954 cleared to prevent remote sites from downloading your local files. To
955 upload a file, specify its file name explicitly.
956 $mech->click( $button [, $x, $y] )
958 Has the effect of clicking a button on the current form. The first
959 argument is the name of the button to be clicked. The second and third
960 arguments (optional) allow you to specify the (x,y) coordinates of the
961 click.
962 If there is only one button on the form, "$mech->click()" with no
964 arguments simply clicks that one button.
965 Returns an HTTP::Response object.
967 $mech->click_button( ... )
969 Has the effect of clicking a button on the current form by specifying
970 its attributes. The arguments are a list of key/value pairs. Only one
971 of name, id, number, input or value must be specified in the keys.
972 Dies if no button is found.
974 • "name => name"
976 Clicks the button named name in the current form.
978 • "id => id"
980 Clicks the button with the id id in the current form.
982 • "number => n"
984 Clicks the nth button with type submit in the current form.
986 Numbering starts at 1.
987 • "value => value"
989 Clicks the button with the value value in the current form.
991 • "input => $inputobject"
993 Clicks on the button referenced by $inputobject, an instance of
995 HTML::Form::SubmitInput obtained e.g. from
996 $mech->current_form()->find_input( undef, 'submit' )
998 $inputobject must belong to the current form.
1000 • "x => x"
1002 • "y => y"
1004 These arguments (optional) allow you to specify the (x,y)
1006 coordinates of the click.
1007 $mech->submit()
1009 Submits the current form, without specifying a button to click.
1010 Actually, no button is clicked at all.
1011 Returns an HTTP::Response object.
1013 This used to be a synonym for "$mech->click( 'submit' )", but is no
1015 longer so.
1016 $mech->submit_form( ... )
1018 This method lets you select a form from the previously fetched page,
1019 fill in its fields, and submit it. It combines the
1020 "form_number"/"form_name", "set_fields" and "click" methods into one
1021 higher level call. Its arguments are a list of key/value pairs, all of
1022 which are optional.
1023 • "fields => \%fields"
1025 Specifies the fields to be filled in the current form.
1027 • "with_fields => \%fields"
1029 Probably all you need for the common case. It combines a smart form
1031 selector and data setting in one operation. It selects the first
1032 form that contains all fields mentioned in "\%fields". This is
1033 nice because you don't need to know the name or number of the form
1034 to do this.
1035 (calls "form_with_fields()" and
1037 "set_fields()").
1038 If you choose "with_fields", the "fields" option will be ignored.
1040 The "form_number", "form_name" and "form_id" options will still be
1041 used. An exception will be thrown unless exactly one form matches
1042 all of the provided criteria.
1043 • "form_number => n"
1045 Selects the nth form (calls "form_number()". If this param is not
1047 specified, the currently-selected form is used.
1048 • "form_name => name"
1050 Selects the form named name (calls "form_name()")
1052 • "form_id => ID"
1054 Selects the form with ID ID (calls "form_id()")
1056 • "button => button"
1058 Clicks on button button (calls "click()")
1060 • "x => x, y => y"
1062 Sets the x or y values for "click()"
1064 • "strict_forms => bool"
1066 Sets the HTML::Form strict flag which causes form submission to
1068 croak if any of the passed fields don't exist on the page, and/or a
1069 value doesn't exist in a select element. By default HTML::Form
1070 sets this value to false.
1071 This behavior can also be turned on globally by passing
1073 "strict_forms => 1" to "WWW::Mechanize->new". If you do that, you
1074 can still disable it for individual calls by passing "strict_forms
1075 => 0" here.
1076 If no form is selected, the first form found is used.
1078 If button is not passed, then the "submit()" method is used instead.
1080 If you want to submit a file and get its content from a scalar rather
1082 than a file in the filesystem, you can use:
1083 $mech->submit_form(with_fields => { logfile => [ [ undef, 'whatever', Content => $content ], 1 ] } );
1085 Returns an HTTP::Response object.
1087
1089 $mech->add_header( name => $value [, name => $value... ] )
1090 Sets HTTP headers for the agent to add or remove from the HTTP request.
1091 $mech->add_header( Encoding => 'text/klingon' );
1093 If a value is "undef", then that header will be removed from any future
1095 requests. For example, to never send a Referer header:
1096 $mech->add_header( Referer => undef );
1098 If you want to delete a header, use "delete_header".
1100 Returns the number of name/value pairs added.
1102 NOTE: This method was very different in WWW::Mechanize before 1.00.
1104 Back then, the headers were stored in a package hash, not as a member
1105 of the object instance. Calling "add_header()" would modify the
1106 headers for every WWW::Mechanize object, even after your object no
1107 longer existed.
1108 $mech->delete_header( name [, name ... ] )
1110 Removes HTTP headers from the agent's list of special headers. For
1111 instance, you might need to do something like:
1112 # Don't send a Referer for this URL
1114 $mech->add_header( Referer => undef );
1115 # Get the URL
1117 $mech->get( $url );
1118 # Back to the default behavior
1120 $mech->delete_header( 'Referer' );
1121 $mech->quiet(true/false)
1123 Allows you to suppress warnings to the screen.
1124 $mech->quiet(0); # turns on warnings (the default)
1126 $mech->quiet(1); # turns off warnings
1127 $mech->quiet(); # returns the current quietness status
1128 $mech->stack_depth( $max_depth )
1130 Get or set the page stack depth. Use this if you're doing a lot of page
1131 scraping and running out of memory.
1132 A value of 0 means "no history at all." By default, the max stack
1134 depth is humongously large, effectively keeping all history.
1135 $mech->save_content( $filename, %opts )
1137 Dumps the contents of "$mech->content" into $filename. $filename will
1138 be overwritten. Dies if there are any errors.
1139 If the content type does not begin with "text/", then the content is
1141 saved in binary mode (i.e. "binmode()" is set on the output
1142 filehandle).
1143 Additional arguments can be passed as key/value pairs:
1145 $mech->save_content( $filename, binary => 1 )
1147 Filehandle is set with "binmode" to ":raw" and contents are taken
1148 calling "$self->content(decoded_by_headers => 1)". Same as calling:
1149 $mech->save_content( $filename, binmode => ':raw',
1151 decoded_by_headers => 1 );
1152 This should be the safest way to save contents verbatim.
1154 $mech->save_content( $filename, binmode => $binmode )
1156 Filehandle is set to binary mode. If $binmode begins with ':', it
1157 is passed as a parameter to "binmode":
1158 binmode $fh, $binmode;
1160 otherwise the filehandle is set to binary mode if $binmode is true:
1162 binmode $fh;
1164 all other arguments
1166 are passed as-is to "$mech->content(%opts)". In particular,
1167 "decoded_by_headers" might come handy if you want to revert the
1168 effect of line compression performed by the web server but without
1169 further interpreting the contents (e.g. decoding it according to
1170 the charset).
1171 $mech->dump_headers( [$fh] )
1173 Prints a dump of the HTTP response headers for the most recent
1174 response. If $fh is not specified or is undef, it dumps to STDOUT.
1175 Unlike the rest of the dump_* methods, $fh can be a scalar. It will be
1177 used as a file name.
1178 $mech->dump_links( [[$fh], $absolute] )
1180 Prints a dump of the links on the current page to $fh. If $fh is not
1181 specified or is undef, it dumps to STDOUT.
1182 If $absolute is true, links displayed are absolute, not relative.
1184 $mech->dump_images( [[$fh], $absolute] )
1186 Prints a dump of the images on the current page to $fh. If $fh is not
1187 specified or is undef, it dumps to STDOUT.
1188 If $absolute is true, links displayed are absolute, not relative.
1190 The output will include empty lines for images that have no "src"
1192 attribute and therefore no "<-"url>>.
1193 $mech->dump_forms( [$fh] )
1195 Prints a dump of the forms on the current page to $fh. If $fh is not
1196 specified or is undef, it dumps to STDOUT. Running the following:
1197 my $mech = WWW::Mechanize->new();
1199 $mech->get("https://www.google.com/");
1200 $mech->dump_forms;
1201 will print:
1203 GET https://www.google.com/search [f]
1205 ie=ISO-8859-1 (hidden readonly)
1206 hl=en (hidden readonly)
1207 source=hp (hidden readonly)
1208 biw= (hidden readonly)
1209 bih= (hidden readonly)
1210 q= (text)
1211 btnG=Google Search (submit)
1212 btnI=I'm Feeling Lucky (submit)
1213 gbv=1 (hidden readonly)
1214 $mech->dump_text( [$fh] )
1216 Prints a dump of the text on the current page to $fh. If $fh is not
1217 specified or is undef, it dumps to STDOUT.
1218
1220 $mech->clone()
1221 Clone the mech object. The clone will be using the same cookie jar as
1222 the original mech.
1223 $mech->redirect_ok()
1225 An overloaded version of "redirect_ok()" in LWP::UserAgent. This
1226 method is used to determine whether a redirection in the request should
1227 be followed.
1228 Note that WWW::Mechanize's constructor pushes POST on to the agent's
1230 "requests_redirectable" list.
1231 $mech->request( $request [, $arg [, $size]])
1233 Overloaded version of "request()" in LWP::UserAgent. Performs the
1234 actual request. Normally, if you're using WWW::Mechanize, it's because
1235 you don't want to deal with this level of stuff anyway.
1236 Note that $request will be modified.
1238 Returns an HTTP::Response object.
1240 $mech->update_html( $html )
1242 Allows you to replace the HTML that the mech has found. Updates the
1243 forms and links parse-trees that the mech uses internally.
1244 Say you have a page that you know has malformed output, and you want to
1246 update it so the links come out correctly:
1247 my $html = $mech->content;
1249 $html =~ s[</option>.{0,3}</td>][</option></select></td>]isg;
1250 $mech->update_html( $html );
1251 This method is also used internally by the mech itself to update its
1253 own HTML content when loading a page. This means that if you would like
1254 to systematically perform the above HTML substitution, you would
1255 overload update_html in a subclass thusly:
1256 package MyMech;
1258 use base 'WWW::Mechanize';
1259 sub update_html {
1261 my ($self, $html) = @_;
1262 $html =~ s[</option>.{0,3}</td>][</option></select></td>]isg;
1263 $self->WWW::Mechanize::update_html( $html );
1264 }
1265 If you do this, then the mech will use the tidied-up HTML instead of
1267 the original both when parsing for its own needs, and for returning to
1268 you through "content()".
1269 Overloading this method is also the recommended way of implementing
1271 extra validation steps (e.g. link checkers) for every HTML page
1272 received. "warn" and "die" would then come in handy to signal
1273 validation errors.
1274 $mech->credentials( $username, $password )
1276 Provide credentials to be used for HTTP Basic authentication for all
1277 sites and realms until further notice.
1278 The four argument form described in LWP::UserAgent is still supported.
1280 $mech->get_basic_credentials( $realm, $uri, $isproxy )
1282 Returns the credentials for the realm and URI.
1283 $mech->clear_credentials()
1285 Remove any credentials set up with "credentials()".
1286
1288 As a subclass of LWP::UserAgent, WWW::Mechanize inherits all of
1289 LWP::UserAgent's methods. Many of which are overridden or extended.
1290 The following methods are inherited unchanged. View the LWP::UserAgent
1291 documentation for their implementation descriptions.
1292 This is not meant to be an inclusive list. LWP::UA may have added
1294 others.
1295 $mech->head()
1297 Inherited from LWP::UserAgent.
1298 $mech->mirror()
1300 Inherited from LWP::UserAgent.
1301 $mech->simple_request()
1303 Inherited from LWP::UserAgent.
1304 $mech->is_protocol_supported()
1306 Inherited from LWP::UserAgent.
1307 $mech->prepare_request()
1309 Inherited from LWP::UserAgent.
1310 $mech->progress()
1312 Inherited from LWP::UserAgent.
1313
1315 These methods are only used internally. You probably don't need to
1316 know about them.
1317 $mech->_update_page($request, $response)
1319 Updates all internal variables in $mech as if $request was just
1320 performed, and returns $response. The page stack is not altered by this
1321 method, it is up to caller (e.g. "request") to do that.
1322 $mech->_modify_request( $req )
1324 Modifies a HTTP::Request before the request is sent out, for both GET
1325 and POST requests.
1326 We add a "Referer" header, as well as header to note that we can accept
1328 gzip encoded content, if Compress::Zlib is installed.
1329 $mech->_make_request()
1331 Convenience method to make it easier for subclasses like
1332 WWW::Mechanize::Cached to intercept the request.
1333 $mech->_reset_page()
1335 Resets the internal fields that track page parsed stuff.
1336 $mech->_extract_links()
1338 Extracts links from the content of a webpage, and populates the
1339 "{links}" property with WWW::Mechanize::Link objects.
1340 $mech->_push_page_stack()
1342 The agent keeps a stack of visited pages, which it can pop when it
1343 needs to go BACK and so on.
1344 The current page needs to be pushed onto the stack before we get a new
1346 page, and the stack needs to be popped when BACK occurs.
1347 Neither of these take any arguments, they just operate on the $mech
1349 object.
1350 warn( @messages )
1352 Centralized warning method, for diagnostics and non-fatal problems.
1353 Defaults to calling "CORE::warn", but may be overridden by setting
1354 "onwarn" in the constructor.
1355 die( @messages )
1357 Centralized error method. Defaults to calling "CORE::die", but may be
1358 overridden by setting "onerror" in the constructor.
1359
1361 The default settings can get you up and running quickly, but there are
1362 settings you can change in order to make your life easier.
1363 autocheck
1365 "autocheck" can save you the overhead of checking status codes for
1366 success. You may outgrow it as your needs get more sophisticated,
1367 but it's a safe option to start with.
1368 my $agent = WWW::Mechanize->new( autocheck => 1 );
1370 cookie_jar
1372 You are encouraged to install Mozilla::PublicSuffix and use
1373 HTTP::CookieJar::LWP as your cookie jar. HTTP::CookieJar::LWP
1374 provides a better security model matching that of current Web
1375 browsers when Mozilla::PublicSuffix is installed.
1376 use HTTP::CookieJar::LWP ();
1378 my $jar = HTTP::CookieJar::LWP->new;
1380 my $agent = WWW::Mechanize->new( cookie_jar => $jar );
1381 protocols_allowed
1383 This option is inherited directly from LWP::UserAgent. It allows
1384 you to whitelist the protocols you're willing to allow.
1385 my $agent = WWW::Mechanize->new(
1387 protocols_allowed => [ 'http', 'https' ]
1388 );
1389 This will prevent you from inadvertently following URLs like
1391 "file:///etc/passwd"
1392 protocols_forbidden
1394 This option is also inherited directly from LWP::UserAgent. It
1395 allows you to blacklist the protocols you're unwilling to allow.
1396 my $agent = WWW::Mechanize->new(
1398 protocols_forbidden => [ 'file', 'mailto', 'ssh', ]
1399 );
1400 This will prevent you from inadvertently following URLs like
1402 "file:///etc/passwd"
1403 strict_forms
1405 Consider turning on the "strict_forms" option when you create a new
1406 Mech. This will perform a helpful sanity check on form fields
1407 every time you are submitting a form, which can save you a lot of
1408 debugging time.
1409 my $agent = WWW::Mechanize->new( strict_forms => 1 );
1411 If you do not want to have this option globally, you can still turn
1413 it on for individual forms.
1414 $agent->submit_form( fields => { foo => 'bar' } , strict_forms => 1 );
1416
1418 WWW::Mechanize is hosted at GitHub.
1419 Repository: <https://github.com/libwww-perl/WWW-Mechanize>. Bugs:
1421 <https://github.com/libwww-perl/WWW-Mechanize/issues>.
1422
1424 Spidering Hacks, by Kevin Hemenway and Tara Calishain
1425 Spidering Hacks from O'Reilly
1426 (<http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/spiderhks/>) is a great book for
1427 anyone wanting to know more about screen-scraping and spidering.
1428 There are six hacks that use Mech or a Mech derivative:
1430 #21 WWW::Mechanize 101
1432 #22 Scraping with WWW::Mechanize
1433 #36 Downloading Images from Webshots
1434 #44 Archiving Yahoo! Groups Messages with WWW::Yahoo::Groups
1435 #64 Super Author Searching
1436 #73 Scraping TV Listings
1437 The book was also positively reviewed on Slashdot:
1439 <http://books.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=03/12/11/2126256>
1440
1442 • WWW::Mechanize mailing list
1443 The Mech mailing list is at
1445 <http://groups.google.com/group/www-mechanize-users> and is
1446 specific to Mechanize, unlike the LWP mailing list below. Although
1447 it is a users list, all development discussion takes place here,
1448 too.
1449 • LWP mailing list
1451 The LWP mailing list is at
1453 <http://lists.perl.org/showlist.cgi?name=libwww>, and is more user-
1454 oriented and well-populated than the WWW::Mechanize list.
1455 • Perlmonks
1457 <http://perlmonks.org> is an excellent community of support, and
1459 many questions about Mech have already been answered there.
1460 • WWW::Mechanize::Examples
1462 A random array of examples submitted by users, included with the
1464 Mechanize distribution.
1465
1467 • <http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/wa-perlsecure/>
1468 IBM article "Secure Web site access with Perl"
1470 • <http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/googlehks2/chapter/hack84.pdf>
1472 Leland Johnson's hack #84 in Google Hacks, 2nd Edition is an
1474 example of a production script that uses WWW::Mechanize and
1475 HTML::TableContentParser. It takes in keywords and returns the
1476 estimated price of these keywords on Google's AdWords program.
1477 • <http://www.perl.com/pub/a/2004/06/04/recorder.html>
1479 Linda Julien writes about using HTTP::Recorder to create
1481 WWW::Mechanize scripts.
1482 • <http://www.developer.com/lang/other/article.php/3454041>
1484 Jason Gilmore's article on using WWW::Mechanize for scraping sales
1486 information from Amazon and eBay.
1487 • <http://www.perl.com/pub/a/2003/01/22/mechanize.html>
1489 Chris Ball's article about using WWW::Mechanize for scraping TV
1491 listings.
1492 • <http://www.stonehenge.com/merlyn/LinuxMag/col47.html>
1494 Randal Schwartz's article on scraping Yahoo News for images. It's
1496 already out of date: He manually walks the list of links hunting
1497 for matches, which wouldn't have been necessary if the
1498 "find_link()" method existed at press time.
1499 • <http://www.perladvent.org/2002/16th/>
1501 WWW::Mechanize on the Perl Advent Calendar, by Mark Fowler.
1503 • <http://www.linux-magazin.de/ausgaben/2004/03/datenruessel/>
1505 Michael Schilli's article on Mech and WWW::Mechanize::Shell for the
1507 German magazine Linux Magazin.
1508 Other modules that use Mechanize
1510 Here are modules that use or subclass Mechanize. Let me know of any
1511 others:
1512 • Finance::Bank::LloydsTSB
1514 • HTTP::Recorder
1516 Acts as a proxy for web interaction, and then generates
1518 WWW::Mechanize scripts.
1519 • Win32::IE::Mechanize
1521 Just like Mech, but using Microsoft Internet Explorer to do the
1523 work.
1524 • WWW::Bugzilla
1526 • WWW::Google::Groups
1528 • WWW::Hotmail
1530 • WWW::Mechanize::Cached
1532 • WWW::Mechanize::Cached::GZip
1534 • WWW::Mechanize::FormFiller
1536 • WWW::Mechanize::Shell
1538 • WWW::Mechanize::Sleepy
1540 • WWW::Mechanize::SpamCop
1542 • WWW::Mechanize::Timed
1544 • WWW::SourceForge
1546 • WWW::Yahoo::Groups
1548 • WWW::Scripter
1550
1552 Thanks to the numerous people who have helped out on WWW::Mechanize in
1553 one way or another, including Kirrily Robert for the original
1554 "WWW::Automate", Lyle Hopkins, Damien Clark, Ansgar Burchardt, Gisle
1555 Aas, Jeremy Ary, Hilary Holz, Rafael Kitover, Norbert Buchmuller, Dave
1556 Page, David Sainty, H.Merijn Brand, Matt Lawrence, Michael Schwern,
1557 Adriano Ferreira, Miyagawa, Peteris Krumins, Rafael Kitover, David
1558 Steinbrunner, Kevin Falcone, Mike O'Regan, Mark Stosberg, Uri Guttman,
1559 Peter Scott, Philippe Bruhat, Ian Langworth, John Beppu, Gavin Estey,
1560 Jim Brandt, Ask Bjoern Hansen, Greg Davies, Ed Silva, Mark-Jason
1561 Dominus, Autrijus Tang, Mark Fowler, Stuart Children, Max Maischein,
1562 Meng Wong, Prakash Kailasa, Abigail, Jan Pazdziora, Dominique
1563 Quatravaux, Scott Lanning, Rob Casey, Leland Johnson, Joshua Gatcomb,
1564 Julien Beasley, Abe Timmerman, Peter Stevens, Pete Krawczyk, Tad
1565 McClellan, and the late great Iain Truskett.
1566
1568 Andy Lester <andy at petdance.com>
1569
1571 This software is copyright (c) 2004 by Andy Lester.
1572 This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
1574 the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
1575perl v5.34.0 2021-08-08 WWW::Mechanize(3)