1WWW::Mechanize(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation WWW::Mechanize(3)
2
6 WWW::Mechanize - Handy web browsing in a Perl object
7
9 version 2.07
10
12 WWW::Mechanize supports performing a sequence of page fetches including
13 following links and submitting forms. Each fetched page is parsed and
14 its links and forms are extracted. A link or a form can be selected,
15 form fields can be filled and the next page can be fetched. Mech also
16 stores a history of the URLs you've visited, which can be queried and
17 revisited.
18 use WWW::Mechanize ();
20 my $mech = WWW::Mechanize->new();
21 $mech->get( $url );
23 $mech->follow_link( n => 3 );
25 $mech->follow_link( text_regex => qr/download this/i );
26 $mech->follow_link( url => 'http://host.com/index.html' );
27 $mech->submit_form(
29 form_number => 3,
30 fields => {
31 username => 'mungo',
32 password => 'lost-and-alone',
33 }
34 );
35 $mech->submit_form(
37 form_name => 'search',
38 fields => { query => 'pot of gold', },
39 button => 'Search Now'
40 );
41 # Enable strict form processing to catch typos and non-existant form fields.
43 my $strict_mech = WWW::Mechanize->new( strict_forms => 1);
44 $strict_mech->get( $url );
46 # This method call will die, saving you lots of time looking for the bug.
48 $strict_mech->submit_form(
49 form_number => 3,
50 fields => {
51 usernaem => 'mungo', # typo in field name
52 password => 'lost-and-alone',
53 extra_field => 123, # field does not exist
54 }
55 );
56
58 "WWW::Mechanize", or Mech for short, is a Perl module for stateful
59 programmatic web browsing, used for automating interaction with
60 websites.
61 Features include:
63 • All HTTP methods
65 • High-level hyperlink and HTML form support, without having to parse
67 HTML yourself
68 • SSL support
70 • Automatic cookies
72 • Custom HTTP headers
74 • Automatic handling of redirections
76 • Proxies
78 • HTTP authentication
80 Mech is well suited for use in testing web applications. If you use
82 one of the Test::*, like Test::HTML::Lint modules, you can check the
83 fetched content and use that as input to a test call.
84 use Test::More;
86 like( $mech->content(), qr/$expected/, "Got expected content" );
87 Each page fetch stores its URL in a history stack which you can
89 traverse.
90 $mech->back();
92 If you want finer control over your page fetching, you can use these
94 methods. "follow_link" and "submit_form" are just high level wrappers
95 around them.
96 $mech->find_link( n => $number );
98 $mech->form_number( $number );
99 $mech->form_name( $name );
100 $mech->field( $name, $value );
101 $mech->set_fields( %field_values );
102 $mech->set_visible( @criteria );
103 $mech->click( $button );
104 WWW::Mechanize is a proper subclass of LWP::UserAgent and you can also
106 use any of LWP::UserAgent's methods.
107 $mech->add_header($name => $value);
109 Please note that Mech does NOT support JavaScript, you need additional
111 software for that. Please check "JavaScript" in WWW::Mechanize::FAQ for
112 more.
113
115 • <https://github.com/libwww-perl/WWW-Mechanize/issues>
116 The queue for bugs & enhancements in WWW::Mechanize. Please note
118 that the queue at <http://rt.cpan.org> is no longer maintained.
119 • <https://metacpan.org/pod/WWW::Mechanize>
121 The CPAN documentation page for Mechanize.
123 • <https://metacpan.org/pod/distribution/WWW-Mechanize/lib/WWW/Mechanize/FAQ.pod>
125 Frequently asked questions. Make sure you read here FIRST.
127
129 new()
130 Creates and returns a new WWW::Mechanize object, hereafter referred to
131 as the "agent".
132 my $mech = WWW::Mechanize->new()
134 The constructor for WWW::Mechanize overrides two of the params to the
136 LWP::UserAgent constructor:
137 agent => 'WWW-Mechanize/#.##'
139 cookie_jar => {} # an empty, memory-only HTTP::Cookies object
140 You can override these overrides by passing params to the constructor,
142 as in:
143 my $mech = WWW::Mechanize->new( agent => 'wonderbot 1.01' );
145 If you want none of the overhead of a cookie jar, or don't want your
147 bot accepting cookies, you have to explicitly disallow it, like so:
148 my $mech = WWW::Mechanize->new( cookie_jar => undef );
150 Here are the params that WWW::Mechanize recognizes. These do not
152 include params that LWP::UserAgent recognizes.
153 • "autocheck => [0|1]"
155 Checks each request made to see if it was successful. This saves
157 you the trouble of manually checking yourself. Any errors found
158 are errors, not warnings.
159 The default value is ON, unless it's being subclassed, in which
161 case it is OFF. This means that standalone WWW::Mechanize
162 instances have autocheck turned on, which is protective for the
163 vast majority of Mech users who don't bother checking the return
164 value of get() and post() and can't figure why their code fails.
165 However, if WWW::Mechanize is subclassed, such as for
166 Test::WWW::Mechanize or Test::WWW::Mechanize::Catalyst, this may
167 not be an appropriate default, so it's off.
168 • "noproxy => [0|1]"
170 Turn off the automatic call to the LWP::UserAgent "env_proxy"
172 function.
173 This needs to be explicitly turned off if you're using
175 Crypt::SSLeay to access a https site via a proxy server. Note: you
176 still need to set your HTTPS_PROXY environment variable as
177 appropriate.
178 • "onwarn => \&func"
180 Reference to a "warn"-compatible function, such as "Carp::carp",
182 that is called when a warning needs to be shown.
183 If this is set to "undef", no warnings will ever be shown.
185 However, it's probably better to use the "quiet" method to control
186 that behavior.
187 If this value is not passed, Mech uses "Carp::carp" if Carp is
189 installed, or "CORE::warn" if not.
190 • "onerror => \&func"
192 Reference to a "die"-compatible function, such as "Carp::croak",
194 that is called when there's a fatal error.
195 If this is set to "undef", no errors will ever be shown.
197 If this value is not passed, Mech uses "Carp::croak" if Carp is
199 installed, or "CORE::die" if not.
200 • "quiet => [0|1]"
202 Don't complain on warnings. Setting "quiet => 1" is the same as
204 calling "$mech->quiet(1)". Default is off.
205 • "stack_depth => $value"
207 Sets the depth of the page stack that keeps track of all the
209 downloaded pages. Default is effectively infinite stack size. If
210 the stack is eating up your memory, then set this to a smaller
211 number, say 5 or 10. Setting this to zero means Mech will keep no
212 history.
213 In addition, WWW::Mechanize also allows you to globally enable strict
215 and verbose mode for form handling, which is done with HTML::Form.
216 • "strict_forms => [0|1]"
218 Globally sets the HTML::Form strict flag which causes form
220 submission to croak if any of the passed fields don't exist in the
221 form, and/or a value doesn't exist in a select element. This can
222 still be disabled in individual calls to "submit_form()".
223 Default is off.
225 • "verbose_forms => [0|1]"
227 Globally sets the HTML::Form verbose flag which causes form
229 submission to warn about any bad HTML form constructs found. This
230 cannot be disabled later.
231 Default is off.
233 • "marked_sections => [0|1]"
235 Globally sets the HTML::Parser marked sections flag which causes
237 HTML "CDATA[[" sections to be honoured. This cannot be disabled
238 later.
239 Default is on.
241 To support forms, WWW::Mechanize's constructor pushes POST on to the
243 agent's "requests_redirectable" list (see also LWP::UserAgent.)
244 $mech->agent_alias( $alias )
246 Sets the user agent string to the expanded version from a table of
247 actual user strings. $alias can be one of the following:
248 • Windows IE 6
250 • Windows Mozilla
252 • Mac Safari
254 • Mac Mozilla
256 • Linux Mozilla
258 • Linux Konqueror
260 then it will be replaced with a more interesting one. For instance,
262 $mech->agent_alias( 'Windows IE 6' );
264 sets your User-Agent to
266 Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)
268 The list of valid aliases can be returned from "known_agent_aliases()".
270 The current list is:
271 • Windows IE 6
273 • Windows Mozilla
275 • Mac Safari
277 • Mac Mozilla
279 • Linux Mozilla
281 • Linux Konqueror
283 known_agent_aliases()
285 Returns a list of all the agent aliases that Mech knows about.
286
288 $mech->get( $uri )
289 Given a URL/URI, fetches it. Returns an HTTP::Response object. $uri
290 can be a well-formed URL string, a URI object, or a
291 WWW::Mechanize::Link object.
292 The results are stored internally in the agent object, but you don't
294 know that. Just use the accessors listed below. Poking at the
295 internals is deprecated and subject to change in the future.
296 "get()" is a well-behaved overloaded version of the method in
298 LWP::UserAgent. This lets you do things like
299 $mech->get( $uri, ':content_file' => $filename );
301 and you can rest assured that the params will get filtered down
303 appropriately. See "get" in LWP::UserAgent for more details.
304 NOTE: Because ":content_file" causes the page contents to be stored in
306 a file instead of the response object, some Mech functions that expect
307 it to be there won't work as expected. Use with caution.
308 Here is a non-complete list of methods that do not work as expected
310 with ":content_file": " forms() ", " current_form() ", " links() ", "
311 title() ", " content(...) ", " text() ", all content-handling methods,
312 all link methods, all image methods, all form methods, all field
313 methods, " save_content(...) ", " dump_links(...) ", " dump_images(...)
314 ", " dump_forms(...) ", " dump_text(...) "
315 $mech->post( $uri, content => $content )
317 POSTs $content to $uri. Returns an HTTP::Response object. $uri can be
318 a well-formed URI string, a URI object, or a WWW::Mechanize::Link
319 object.
320 $mech->put( $uri, content => $content )
322 PUTs $content to $uri. Returns an HTTP::Response object. $uri can be
323 a well-formed URI string, a URI object, or a WWW::Mechanize::Link
324 object.
325 my $res = $mech->head( $uri );
327 my $res = $mech->head( $uri , $field_name => $value, ... );
328 $mech->head ($uri )
330 Performs a HEAD request to $uri. Returns an HTTP::Response object.
331 $uri can be a well-formed URI string, a URI object, or a
332 WWW::Mechanize::Link object.
333 $mech->reload()
335 Acts like the reload button in a browser: repeats the current request.
336 The history (as per the back() method) is not altered.
337 Returns the HTTP::Response object from the reload, or "undef" if
339 there's no current request.
340 $mech->back()
342 The equivalent of hitting the "back" button in a browser. Returns to
343 the previous page. Won't go back past the first page. (Really, what
344 would it do if it could?)
345 Returns true if it could go back, or false if not.
347 $mech->clear_history()
349 This deletes all the history entries and returns true.
350 $mech->history_count()
352 This returns the number of items in the browser history. This number
353 does include the most recently made request.
354 $mech->history($n)
356 This returns the nth item in history. The 0th item is the most recent
357 request and response, which would be acted on by methods like
358 "find_link()". The 1st item is the state you'd return to if you called
359 "back()".
360 The maximum useful value for $n is "$mech->history_count - 1".
362 Requests beyond that bound will return "undef".
363 History items are returned as hash references, in the form:
365 { req => $http_request, res => $http_response }
367
369 $mech->success()
370 Returns a boolean telling whether the last request was successful. If
371 there hasn't been an operation yet, returns false.
372 This is a convenience function that wraps "$mech->res->is_success".
374 $mech->uri()
376 Returns the current URI as a URI object. This object stringifies to the
377 URI itself.
378 $mech->response() / $mech->res()
380 Return the current response as an HTTP::Response object.
381 Synonym for "$mech->response()"
383 $mech->status()
385 Returns the HTTP status code of the response. This is a 3-digit number
386 like 200 for OK, 404 for not found, and so on.
387 $mech->ct() / $mech->content_type()
389 Returns the content type of the response.
390 $mech->base()
392 Returns the base URI for the current response
393 $mech->forms()
395 When called in a list context, returns a list of the forms found in the
396 last fetched page. In a scalar context, returns a reference to an array
397 with those forms. The forms returned are all HTML::Form objects.
398 $mech->current_form()
400 Returns the current form as an HTML::Form object.
401 $mech->links()
403 When called in a list context, returns a list of the links found in the
404 last fetched page. In a scalar context it returns a reference to an
405 array with those links. Each link is a WWW::Mechanize::Link object.
406 $mech->is_html()
408 Returns true/false on whether our content is HTML, according to the
409 HTTP headers.
410 $mech->title()
412 Returns the contents of the "<TITLE>" tag, as parsed by
413 HTML::HeadParser. Returns undef if the content is not HTML.
414 $mech->redirects()
416 Convenience method to get the redirects from the most recent
417 HTTP::Response.
418 Note that you can also use is_redirect to see if the most recent
420 response was a redirect like this.
421 $mech->get($url);
423 do_stuff() if $mech->res->is_redirect;
424
426 $mech->content(...)
427 Returns the content that the mech uses internally for the last page
428 fetched. Ordinarily this is the same as
429 "$mech->response()->decoded_content()", but this may differ for HTML
430 documents if update_html is overloaded (in which case the value passed
431 to the base-class implementation of same will be returned), and/or
432 extra named arguments are passed to content():
433 $mech->content( format => 'text' )
435 Returns a text-only version of the page, with all HTML markup
436 stripped. This feature requires HTML::TreeBuilder version 5 or higher
437 to be installed, or a fatal error will be thrown. This works only if
438 the contents are HTML.
439 $mech->content( base_href => [$base_href|undef] )
441 Returns the HTML document, modified to contain a "<base
442 href="$base_href">" mark-up in the header. $base_href is
443 "$mech->base()" if not specified. This is handy to pass the HTML to
444 e.g. HTML::Display. This works only if the contents are HTML.
445 $mech->content( raw => 1 )
447 Returns "$self->response()->content()", i.e. the raw contents from
448 the response.
449 $mech->content( decoded_by_headers => 1 )
451 Returns the content after applying all "Content-Encoding" headers but
452 with not additional mangling.
453 $mech->content( charset => $charset )
455 Returns "$self->response()->decoded_content(charset => $charset)"
456 (see HTTP::Response for details).
457 To preserve backwards compatibility, additional parameters will be
459 ignored unless none of "raw | decoded_by_headers | charset" is
460 specified and the text is HTML, in which case an error will be
461 triggered.
462 A fresh instance of WWW::Mechanize will return "undef" when
464 "$mech->content()" is called, because no content is present before a
465 request has been made.
466 $mech->text()
468 Returns the text of the current HTML content. If the content isn't
469 HTML, $mech will die.
470 The text is extracted by parsing the content, and then the extracted
472 text is cached, so don't worry about performance of calling this
473 repeatedly.
474
476 $mech->links()
477 Lists all the links on the current page. Each link is a
478 WWW::Mechanize::Link object. In list context, returns a list of all
479 links. In scalar context, returns an array reference of all links.
480 $mech->follow_link(...)
482 Follows a specified link on the page. You specify the match to be
483 found using the same params that "find_link()" uses.
484 Here some examples:
486 • 3rd link called "download"
488 $mech->follow_link( text => 'download', n => 3 );
490 • first link where the URL has "download" in it, regardless of case:
492 $mech->follow_link( url_regex => qr/download/i );
494 or
496 $mech->follow_link( url_regex => qr/(?i:download)/ );
498 • 3rd link on the page
500 $mech->follow_link( n => 3 );
502 • the link with the url
504 $mech->follow_link( url => '/other/page' );
506 or
508 $mech->follow_link( url => 'http://example.com/page' );
510 Returns the result of the "GET" method (an HTTP::Response object) if a
512 link was found.
513 If the page has no links, or the specified link couldn't be found,
515 returns "undef". If "autocheck" is enabled an exception will be thrown
516 instead.
517 $mech->find_link( ... )
519 Finds a link in the currently fetched page. It returns a
520 WWW::Mechanize::Link object which describes the link. (You'll probably
521 be most interested in the "url()" property.) If it fails to find a
522 link it returns undef.
523 You can take the URL part and pass it to the "get()" method. If that's
525 your plan, you might as well use the "follow_link()" method directly,
526 since it does the "get()" for you automatically.
527 Note that "<FRAME SRC="...">" tags are parsed out of the HTML and
529 treated as links so this method works with them.
530 You can select which link to find by passing in one or more of these
532 key/value pairs:
533 • "text => 'string'," and "text_regex => qr/regex/,"
535 "text" matches the text of the link against string, which must be
537 an exact match. To select a link with text that is exactly
538 "download", use
539 $mech->find_link( text => 'download' );
541 "text_regex" matches the text of the link against regex. To select
543 a link with text that has "download" anywhere in it, regardless of
544 case, use
545 $mech->find_link( text_regex => qr/download/i );
547 Note that the text extracted from the page's links are trimmed.
549 For example, "<a> foo </a>" is stored as 'foo', and searching for
550 leading or trailing spaces will fail.
551 • "url => 'string'," and "url_regex => qr/regex/,"
553 Matches the URL of the link against string or regex, as
555 appropriate. The URL may be a relative URL, like foo/bar.html,
556 depending on how it's coded on the page.
557 • "url_abs => string" and "url_abs_regex => regex"
559 Matches the absolute URL of the link against string or regex, as
561 appropriate. The URL will be an absolute URL, even if it's
562 relative in the page.
563 • "name => string" and "name_regex => regex"
565 Matches the name of the link against string or regex, as
567 appropriate.
568 • "rel => string" and "rel_regex => regex"
570 Matches the rel of the link against string or regex, as
572 appropriate. This can be used to find stylesheets, favicons, or
573 links the author of the page does not want bots to follow.
574 • "id => string" and "id_regex => regex"
576 Matches the attribute 'id' of the link against string or regex, as
578 appropriate.
579 • "class => string" and "class_regex => regex"
581 Matches the attribute 'class' of the link against string or regex,
583 as appropriate.
584 • "tag => string" and "tag_regex => regex"
586 Matches the tag that the link came from against string or regex, as
588 appropriate. The "tag_regex" is probably most useful to check for
589 more than one tag, as in:
590 $mech->find_link( tag_regex => qr/^(a|frame)$/ );
592 The tags and attributes looked at are defined below.
594 If "n" is not specified, it defaults to 1. Therefore, if you don't
596 specify any params, this method defaults to finding the first link on
597 the page.
598 Note that you can specify multiple text or URL parameters, which will
600 be ANDed together. For example, to find the first link with text of
601 "News" and with "cnn.com" in the URL, use:
602 $mech->find_link( text => 'News', url_regex => qr/cnn\.com/ );
604 The return value is a reference to an array containing a
606 WWW::Mechanize::Link object for every link in "$self->content".
607 The links come from the following:
609 "<a href=...>"
611 "<area href=...>"
612 "<frame src=...>"
613 "<iframe src=...>"
614 "<link href=...>"
615 "<meta content=...>"
616 $mech->find_all_links( ... )
618 Returns all the links on the current page that match the criteria. The
619 method for specifying link criteria is the same as in "find_link()".
620 Each of the links returned is a WWW::Mechanize::Link object.
621 In list context, "find_all_links()" returns a list of the links.
623 Otherwise, it returns a reference to the list of links.
624 "find_all_links()" with no parameters returns all links in the page.
626 $mech->find_all_inputs( ... criteria ... )
628 find_all_inputs() returns an array of all the input controls in the
629 current form whose properties match all of the regexes passed in. The
630 controls returned are all descended from HTML::Form::Input. See
631 "INPUTS" in HTML::Form for details.
632 If no criteria are passed, all inputs will be returned.
634 If there is no current page, there is no form on the current page, or
636 there are no submit controls in the current form then the return will
637 be an empty array.
638 You may use a regex or a literal string:
640 # get all textarea controls whose names begin with "customer"
642 my @customer_text_inputs = $mech->find_all_inputs(
643 type => 'textarea',
644 name_regex => qr/^customer/,
645 );
646 # get all text or textarea controls called "customer"
648 my @customer_text_inputs = $mech->find_all_inputs(
649 type_regex => qr/^(text|textarea)$/,
650 name => 'customer',
651 );
652 $mech->find_all_submits( ... criteria ... )
654 "find_all_submits()" does the same thing as "find_all_inputs()" except
655 that it only returns controls that are submit controls, ignoring other
656 types of input controls like text and checkboxes.
657
659 $mech->images
660 Lists all the images on the current page. Each image is a
661 WWW::Mechanize::Image object. In list context, returns a list of all
662 images. In scalar context, returns an array reference of all images.
663 $mech->find_image()
665 Finds an image in the current page. It returns a WWW::Mechanize::Image
666 object which describes the image. If it fails to find an image it
667 returns undef.
668 You can select which image to find by passing in one or more of these
670 key/value pairs:
671 • "alt => 'string'" and "alt_regex => qr/regex/"
673 "alt" matches the ALT attribute of the image against string, which
675 must be an exact match. To select a image with an ALT tag that is
676 exactly "download", use
677 $mech->find_image( alt => 'download' );
679 "alt_regex" matches the ALT attribute of the image against a
681 regular expression. To select an image with an ALT attribute that
682 has "download" anywhere in it, regardless of case, use
683 $mech->find_image( alt_regex => qr/download/i );
685 • "url => 'string'" and "url_regex => qr/regex/"
687 Matches the URL of the image against string or regex, as
689 appropriate. The URL may be a relative URL, like foo/bar.html,
690 depending on how it's coded on the page.
691 • "url_abs => string" and "url_abs_regex => regex"
693 Matches the absolute URL of the image against string or regex, as
695 appropriate. The URL will be an absolute URL, even if it's
696 relative in the page.
697 • "tag => string" and "tag_regex => regex"
699 Matches the tag that the image came from against string or regex,
701 as appropriate. The "tag_regex" is probably most useful to check
702 for more than one tag, as in:
703 $mech->find_image( tag_regex => qr/^(img|input)$/ );
705 The tags supported are "<img>" and "<input>".
707 • "id => string" and "id_regex => regex"
709 "id" matches the id attribute of the image against string, which
711 must be an exact match. To select an image with the exact id
712 "download-image", use
713 $mech->find_image( id => 'download-image' );
715 "id_regex" matches the id attribute of the image against a regular
717 expression. To select the first image with an id that contains
718 "download" anywhere in it, use
719 $mech->find_image( id_regex => qr/download/ );
721 • "classs => string" and "class_regex => regex"
723 "class" matches the class attribute of the image against string,
725 which must be an exact match. To select an image with the exact
726 class "img-fuid", use
727 $mech->find_image( class => 'img-fluid' );
729 To select an image with the class attribute "rounded float-left",
731 use
732 $mech->find_image( class => 'rounded float-left' );
734 Note that the classes have to be matched as a complete string, in
736 the exact order they appear in the website's source code.
737 "class_regex" matches the class attribute of the image against a
739 regular expression. Use this if you want a partial class name, or
740 if an image has several classes, but you only care about one.
741 To select the first image with the class "rounded", where there are
743 multiple images that might also have either class "float-left" or
744 "float-right", use
745 $mech->find_image( class_regex => qr/\brounded\b/ );
747 Selecting an image with multiple classes where you do not care
749 about the order they appear in the website's source code is not
750 currently supported.
751 If "n" is not specified, it defaults to 1. Therefore, if you don't
753 specify any params, this method defaults to finding the first image on
754 the page.
755 Note that you can specify multiple ALT or URL parameters, which will be
757 ANDed together. For example, to find the first image with ALT text of
758 "News" and with "cnn.com" in the URL, use:
759 $mech->find_image( image => 'News', url_regex => qr/cnn\.com/ );
761 The return value is a reference to an array containing a
763 WWW::Mechanize::Image object for every image in "$self->content".
764 $mech->find_all_images( ... )
766 Returns all the images on the current page that match the criteria.
767 The method for specifying image criteria is the same as in
768 "find_image()". Each of the images returned is a WWW::Mechanize::Image
769 object.
770 In list context, "find_all_images()" returns a list of the images.
772 Otherwise, it returns a reference to the list of images.
773 "find_all_images()" with no parameters returns all images in the page.
775
777 These methods let you work with the forms on a page. The idea is to
778 choose a form that you'll later work with using the field methods
779 below.
780 $mech->forms
782 Lists all the forms on the current page. Each form is an HTML::Form
783 object. In list context, returns a list of all forms. In scalar
784 context, returns an array reference of all forms.
785 $mech->form_number($number)
787 Selects the numberth form on the page as the target for subsequent
788 calls to "field()" and "click()". Also returns the form that was
789 selected.
790 If it is found, the form is returned as an HTML::Form object and set
792 internally for later use with Mech's form methods such as "field()" and
793 "click()". When called in a list context, the number of the found form
794 is also returned as a second value.
795 Emits a warning and returns undef if no form is found.
797 The first form is number 1, not zero.
799 $mech->form_name( $name )
801 Selects a form by name. If there is more than one form on the page
802 with that name, then the first one is used, and a warning is generated.
803 If it is found, the form is returned as an HTML::Form object and set
805 internally for later use with Mech's form methods such as "field()" and
806 "click()".
807 Returns undef if no form is found.
809 $mech->form_id( $id )
811 Selects a form by ID. If there is more than one form on the page with
812 that ID, then the first one is used, and a warning is generated.
813 If it is found, the form is returned as an HTML::Form object and set
815 internally for later use with Mech's form methods such as "field()" and
816 "click()".
817 If no form is found it returns "undef". This will also trigger a
819 warning, unless "quiet" is enabled.
820 $mech->all_forms_with_fields( @fields )
822 Selects a form by passing in a list of field names it must contain.
823 All matching forms (perhaps none) are returned as a list of HTML::Form
824 objects.
825 $mech->form_with_fields( @fields )
827 Selects a form by passing in a list of field names it must contain. If
828 there is more than one form on the page with that matches, then the
829 first one is used, and a warning is generated.
830 If it is found, the form is returned as an HTML::Form object and set
832 internally for later used with Mech's form methods such as "field()"
833 and "click()".
834 Returns undef and emits a warning if no form is found.
836 Note that this functionality requires libwww-perl 5.69 or higher.
838 $mech->all_forms_with( $attr1 => $value1, $attr2 => $value2, ... )
840 Searches for forms with arbitrary attribute/value pairs within the
841 <form> tag. (Currently does not work for attribute "action" due to
842 implementation details of HTML::Form.) When given more than one pair,
843 all criteria must match. Using "undef" as value means that the
844 attribute in question must not be present.
845 All matching forms (perhaps none) are returned as a list of HTML::Form
847 objects.
848 $mech->form_with( $attr1 => $value1, $attr2 => $value2, ... )
850 Searches for forms with arbitrary attribute/value pairs within the
851 <form> tag. (Currently does not work for attribute "action" due to
852 implementation details of HTML::Form.) When given more than one pair,
853 all criteria must match. Using "undef" as value means that the
854 attribute in question must not be present.
855 If it is found, the form is returned as an HTML::Form object and set
857 internally for later used with Mech's form methods such as "field()"
858 and "click()".
859 Returns undef if no form is found.
861
863 These methods allow you to set the values of fields in a given form.
864 $mech->field( $name, $value, $number )
866 $mech->field( $name, \@values, $number )
867 Given the name of a field, set its value to the value specified. This
868 applies to the current form (as set by the "form_name()" or
869 "form_number()" method or defaulting to the first form on the page).
870 The optional $number parameter is used to distinguish between two
872 fields with the same name. The fields are numbered from 1.
873 $mech->select($name, $value)
875 $mech->select($name, \@values)
876 Given the name of a "select" field, set its value to the value
877 specified. If the field is not "<select multiple>" and the $value is
878 an array, only the first value will be set. [Note: the documentation
879 previously claimed that only the last value would be set, but this was
880 incorrect.] Passing $value as a hash with an "n" key selects an item
881 by number (e.g. "{n => 3}" or "{n => [2,4]}"). The numbering starts
882 at 1. This applies to the current form.
883 If you have a field with "<select multiple>" and you pass a single
885 $value, then $value will be added to the list of fields selected,
886 without clearing the others. However, if you pass an array reference,
887 then all previously selected values will be cleared.
888 Returns true on successfully setting the value. On failure, returns
890 false and calls "$self->warn()" with an error message.
891 $mech->set_fields( $name => $value ... )
893 This method sets multiple fields of the current form. It takes a list
894 of field name and value pairs. If there is more than one field with the
895 same name, the first one found is set. If you want to select which of
896 the duplicate field to set, use a value which is an anonymous array
897 which has the field value and its number as the 2 elements.
898 # set the second foo field
900 $mech->set_fields( $name => [ 'foo', 2 ] );
901 The fields are numbered from 1.
903 This applies to the current form.
905 $mech->set_visible( @criteria )
907 This method sets fields of the current form without having to know
908 their names. So if you have a login screen that wants a username and
909 password, you do not have to fetch the form and inspect the source (or
910 use the mech-dump utility, installed with WWW::Mechanize) to see what
911 the field names are; you can just say
912 $mech->set_visible( $username, $password );
914 and the first and second fields will be set accordingly. The method is
916 called set_visible because it acts only on visible fields; hidden form
917 inputs are not considered. The order of the fields is the order in
918 which they appear in the HTML source which is nearly always the order
919 anyone viewing the page would think they are in, but some creative work
920 with tables could change that; caveat user.
921 Each element in @criteria is either a field value or a field specifier.
923 A field value is a scalar. A field specifier allows you to specify the
924 type of input field you want to set and is denoted with an arrayref
925 containing two elements. So you could specify the first radio button
926 with
927 $mech->set_visible( [ radio => 'KCRW' ] );
929 Field values and specifiers can be intermixed, hence
931 $mech->set_visible( 'fred', 'secret', [ option => 'Checking' ] );
933 would set the first two fields to "fred" and "secret", and the next
935 "OPTION" menu field to "Checking".
936 The possible field specifier types are: "text", "password", "hidden",
938 "textarea", "file", "image", "submit", "radio", "checkbox" and
939 "option".
940 "set_visible" returns the number of values set.
942 $mech->tick( $name, $value [, $set] )
944 "Ticks" the first checkbox that has both the name and value associated
945 with it on the current form. Dies if there is no named check box for
946 that value. Passing in a false value as the third optional argument
947 will cause the checkbox to be unticked.
948 $mech->untick($name, $value)
950 Causes the checkbox to be unticked. Shorthand for
951 "tick($name,$value,undef)"
952 $mech->value( $name [, $number] )
954 Given the name of a field, return its value. This applies to the
955 current form.
956 The optional $number parameter is used to distinguish between two
958 fields with the same name. The fields are numbered from 1.
959 If the field is of type file (file upload field), the value is always
961 cleared to prevent remote sites from downloading your local files. To
962 upload a file, specify its file name explicitly.
963 $mech->click( $button [, $x, $y] )
965 Has the effect of clicking a button on the current form. The first
966 argument is the name of the button to be clicked. The second and third
967 arguments (optional) allow you to specify the (x,y) coordinates of the
968 click.
969 If there is only one button on the form, "$mech->click()" with no
971 arguments simply clicks that one button.
972 Returns an HTTP::Response object.
974 $mech->click_button( ... )
976 Has the effect of clicking a button on the current form by specifying
977 its attributes. The arguments are a list of key/value pairs. Only one
978 of name, id, number, input or value must be specified in the keys.
979 Dies if no button is found.
981 • "name => name"
983 Clicks the button named name in the current form.
985 • "id => id"
987 Clicks the button with the id id in the current form.
989 • "number => n"
991 Clicks the nth button with type submit in the current form.
993 Numbering starts at 1.
994 • "value => value"
996 Clicks the button with the value value in the current form.
998 • "input => $inputobject"
1000 Clicks on the button referenced by $inputobject, an instance of
1002 HTML::Form::SubmitInput obtained e.g. from
1003 $mech->current_form()->find_input( undef, 'submit' )
1005 $inputobject must belong to the current form.
1007 • "x => x"
1009 • "y => y"
1011 These arguments (optional) allow you to specify the (x,y)
1013 coordinates of the click.
1014 $mech->submit()
1016 Submits the current form, without specifying a button to click.
1017 Actually, no button is clicked at all.
1018 Returns an HTTP::Response object.
1020 This used to be a synonym for "$mech->click( 'submit' )", but is no
1022 longer so.
1023 $mech->submit_form( ... )
1025 This method lets you select a form from the previously fetched page,
1026 fill in its fields, and submit it. It combines the
1027 "form_number"/"form_name", "set_fields" and "click" methods into one
1028 higher level call. Its arguments are a list of key/value pairs, all of
1029 which are optional.
1030 • "fields => \%fields"
1032 Specifies the fields to be filled in the current form.
1034 • "with_fields => \%fields"
1036 Probably all you need for the common case. It combines a smart form
1038 selector and data setting in one operation. It selects the first
1039 form that contains all fields mentioned in "\%fields". This is
1040 nice because you don't need to know the name or number of the form
1041 to do this.
1042 (calls "form_with_fields()" and
1044 "set_fields()").
1045 If you choose "with_fields", the "fields" option will be ignored.
1047 The "form_number", "form_name" and "form_id" options will still be
1048 used. An exception will be thrown unless exactly one form matches
1049 all of the provided criteria.
1050 • "form_number => n"
1052 Selects the nth form (calls "form_number()". If this param is not
1054 specified, the currently-selected form is used.
1055 • "form_name => name"
1057 Selects the form named name (calls "form_name()")
1059 • "form_id => ID"
1061 Selects the form with ID ID (calls "form_id()")
1063 • "button => button"
1065 Clicks on button button (calls "click()")
1067 • "x => x, y => y"
1069 Sets the x or y values for "click()"
1071 • "strict_forms => bool"
1073 Sets the HTML::Form strict flag which causes form submission to
1075 croak if any of the passed fields don't exist on the page, and/or a
1076 value doesn't exist in a select element. By default HTML::Form
1077 sets this value to false.
1078 This behavior can also be turned on globally by passing
1080 "strict_forms => 1" to "WWW::Mechanize->new". If you do that, you
1081 can still disable it for individual calls by passing "strict_forms
1082 => 0" here.
1083 If no form is selected, the first form found is used.
1085 If button is not passed, then the "submit()" method is used instead.
1087 If you want to submit a file and get its content from a scalar rather
1089 than a file in the filesystem, you can use:
1090 $mech->submit_form(with_fields => { logfile => [ [ undef, 'whatever', Content => $content ], 1 ] } );
1092 Returns an HTTP::Response object.
1094
1096 $mech->add_header( name => $value [, name => $value... ] )
1097 Sets HTTP headers for the agent to add or remove from the HTTP request.
1098 $mech->add_header( Encoding => 'text/klingon' );
1100 If a value is "undef", then that header will be removed from any future
1102 requests. For example, to never send a Referer header:
1103 $mech->add_header( Referer => undef );
1105 If you want to delete a header, use "delete_header".
1107 Returns the number of name/value pairs added.
1109 NOTE: This method was very different in WWW::Mechanize before 1.00.
1111 Back then, the headers were stored in a package hash, not as a member
1112 of the object instance. Calling "add_header()" would modify the
1113 headers for every WWW::Mechanize object, even after your object no
1114 longer existed.
1115 $mech->delete_header( name [, name ... ] )
1117 Removes HTTP headers from the agent's list of special headers. For
1118 instance, you might need to do something like:
1119 # Don't send a Referer for this URL
1121 $mech->add_header( Referer => undef );
1122 # Get the URL
1124 $mech->get( $url );
1125 # Back to the default behavior
1127 $mech->delete_header( 'Referer' );
1128 $mech->quiet(true/false)
1130 Allows you to suppress warnings to the screen.
1131 $mech->quiet(0); # turns on warnings (the default)
1133 $mech->quiet(1); # turns off warnings
1134 $mech->quiet(); # returns the current quietness status
1135 $mech->stack_depth( $max_depth )
1137 Get or set the page stack depth. Use this if you're doing a lot of page
1138 scraping and running out of memory.
1139 A value of 0 means "no history at all." By default, the max stack
1141 depth is humongously large, effectively keeping all history.
1142 $mech->save_content( $filename, %opts )
1144 Dumps the contents of "$mech->content" into $filename. $filename will
1145 be overwritten. Dies if there are any errors.
1146 If the content type does not begin with "text/", then the content is
1148 saved in binary mode (i.e. "binmode()" is set on the output
1149 filehandle).
1150 Additional arguments can be passed as key/value pairs:
1152 $mech->save_content( $filename, binary => 1 )
1154 Filehandle is set with "binmode" to ":raw" and contents are taken
1155 calling "$self->content(decoded_by_headers => 1)". Same as calling:
1156 $mech->save_content( $filename, binmode => ':raw',
1158 decoded_by_headers => 1 );
1159 This should be the safest way to save contents verbatim.
1161 $mech->save_content( $filename, binmode => $binmode )
1163 Filehandle is set to binary mode. If $binmode begins with ':', it
1164 is passed as a parameter to "binmode":
1165 binmode $fh, $binmode;
1167 otherwise the filehandle is set to binary mode if $binmode is true:
1169 binmode $fh;
1171 all other arguments
1173 are passed as-is to "$mech->content(%opts)". In particular,
1174 "decoded_by_headers" might come handy if you want to revert the
1175 effect of line compression performed by the web server but without
1176 further interpreting the contents (e.g. decoding it according to
1177 the charset).
1178 $mech->dump_headers( [$fh] )
1180 Prints a dump of the HTTP response headers for the most recent
1181 response. If $fh is not specified or is undef, it dumps to STDOUT.
1182 Unlike the rest of the dump_* methods, $fh can be a scalar. It will be
1184 used as a file name.
1185 $mech->dump_links( [[$fh], $absolute] )
1187 Prints a dump of the links on the current page to $fh. If $fh is not
1188 specified or is undef, it dumps to STDOUT.
1189 If $absolute is true, links displayed are absolute, not relative.
1191 $mech->dump_images( [[$fh], $absolute] )
1193 Prints a dump of the images on the current page to $fh. If $fh is not
1194 specified or is undef, it dumps to STDOUT.
1195 If $absolute is true, links displayed are absolute, not relative.
1197 The output will include empty lines for images that have no "src"
1199 attribute and therefore no "<-"url>>.
1200 $mech->dump_forms( [$fh] )
1202 Prints a dump of the forms on the current page to $fh. If $fh is not
1203 specified or is undef, it dumps to STDOUT. Running the following:
1204 my $mech = WWW::Mechanize->new();
1206 $mech->get("https://www.google.com/");
1207 $mech->dump_forms;
1208 will print:
1210 GET https://www.google.com/search [f]
1212 ie=ISO-8859-1 (hidden readonly)
1213 hl=en (hidden readonly)
1214 source=hp (hidden readonly)
1215 biw= (hidden readonly)
1216 bih= (hidden readonly)
1217 q= (text)
1218 btnG=Google Search (submit)
1219 btnI=I'm Feeling Lucky (submit)
1220 gbv=1 (hidden readonly)
1221 $mech->dump_text( [$fh] )
1223 Prints a dump of the text on the current page to $fh. If $fh is not
1224 specified or is undef, it dumps to STDOUT.
1225
1227 $mech->clone()
1228 Clone the mech object. The clone will be using the same cookie jar as
1229 the original mech.
1230 $mech->redirect_ok()
1232 An overloaded version of "redirect_ok()" in LWP::UserAgent. This
1233 method is used to determine whether a redirection in the request should
1234 be followed.
1235 Note that WWW::Mechanize's constructor pushes POST on to the agent's
1237 "requests_redirectable" list.
1238 $mech->request( $request [, $arg [, $size]])
1240 Overloaded version of "request()" in LWP::UserAgent. Performs the
1241 actual request. Normally, if you're using WWW::Mechanize, it's because
1242 you don't want to deal with this level of stuff anyway.
1243 Note that $request will be modified.
1245 Returns an HTTP::Response object.
1247 $mech->update_html( $html )
1249 Allows you to replace the HTML that the mech has found. Updates the
1250 forms and links parse-trees that the mech uses internally.
1251 Say you have a page that you know has malformed output, and you want to
1253 update it so the links come out correctly:
1254 my $html = $mech->content;
1256 $html =~ s[</option>.{0,3}</td>][</option></select></td>]isg;
1257 $mech->update_html( $html );
1258 This method is also used internally by the mech itself to update its
1260 own HTML content when loading a page. This means that if you would like
1261 to systematically perform the above HTML substitution, you would
1262 overload update_html in a subclass thusly:
1263 package MyMech;
1265 use base 'WWW::Mechanize';
1266 sub update_html {
1268 my ($self, $html) = @_;
1269 $html =~ s[</option>.{0,3}</td>][</option></select></td>]isg;
1270 $self->WWW::Mechanize::update_html( $html );
1271 }
1272 If you do this, then the mech will use the tidied-up HTML instead of
1274 the original both when parsing for its own needs, and for returning to
1275 you through "content()".
1276 Overloading this method is also the recommended way of implementing
1278 extra validation steps (e.g. link checkers) for every HTML page
1279 received. "warn" and "die" would then come in handy to signal
1280 validation errors.
1281 $mech->credentials( $username, $password )
1283 Provide credentials to be used for HTTP Basic authentication for all
1284 sites and realms until further notice.
1285 The four argument form described in LWP::UserAgent is still supported.
1287 $mech->get_basic_credentials( $realm, $uri, $isproxy )
1289 Returns the credentials for the realm and URI.
1290 $mech->clear_credentials()
1292 Remove any credentials set up with "credentials()".
1293
1295 As a subclass of LWP::UserAgent, WWW::Mechanize inherits all of
1296 LWP::UserAgent's methods. Many of which are overridden or extended.
1297 The following methods are inherited unchanged. View the LWP::UserAgent
1298 documentation for their implementation descriptions.
1299 This is not meant to be an inclusive list. LWP::UA may have added
1301 others.
1302 $mech->head()
1304 Inherited from LWP::UserAgent.
1305 $mech->mirror()
1307 Inherited from LWP::UserAgent.
1308 $mech->simple_request()
1310 Inherited from LWP::UserAgent.
1311 $mech->is_protocol_supported()
1313 Inherited from LWP::UserAgent.
1314 $mech->prepare_request()
1316 Inherited from LWP::UserAgent.
1317 $mech->progress()
1319 Inherited from LWP::UserAgent.
1320
1322 These methods are only used internally. You probably don't need to
1323 know about them.
1324 $mech->_update_page($request, $response)
1326 Updates all internal variables in $mech as if $request was just
1327 performed, and returns $response. The page stack is not altered by this
1328 method, it is up to caller (e.g. "request") to do that.
1329 $mech->_modify_request( $req )
1331 Modifies a HTTP::Request before the request is sent out, for both GET
1332 and POST requests.
1333 We add a "Referer" header, as well as header to note that we can accept
1335 gzip encoded content, if Compress::Zlib is installed.
1336 $mech->_make_request()
1338 Convenience method to make it easier for subclasses like
1339 WWW::Mechanize::Cached to intercept the request.
1340 $mech->_reset_page()
1342 Resets the internal fields that track page parsed stuff.
1343 $mech->_extract_links()
1345 Extracts links from the content of a webpage, and populates the
1346 "{links}" property with WWW::Mechanize::Link objects.
1347 $mech->_push_page_stack()
1349 The agent keeps a stack of visited pages, which it can pop when it
1350 needs to go BACK and so on.
1351 The current page needs to be pushed onto the stack before we get a new
1353 page, and the stack needs to be popped when BACK occurs.
1354 Neither of these take any arguments, they just operate on the $mech
1356 object.
1357 warn( @messages )
1359 Centralized warning method, for diagnostics and non-fatal problems.
1360 Defaults to calling "CORE::warn", but may be overridden by setting
1361 "onwarn" in the constructor.
1362 die( @messages )
1364 Centralized error method. Defaults to calling "CORE::die", but may be
1365 overridden by setting "onerror" in the constructor.
1366
1368 The default settings can get you up and running quickly, but there are
1369 settings you can change in order to make your life easier.
1370 autocheck
1372 "autocheck" can save you the overhead of checking status codes for
1373 success. You may outgrow it as your needs get more sophisticated,
1374 but it's a safe option to start with.
1375 my $agent = WWW::Mechanize->new( autocheck => 1 );
1377 cookie_jar
1379 You are encouraged to install Mozilla::PublicSuffix and use
1380 HTTP::CookieJar::LWP as your cookie jar. HTTP::CookieJar::LWP
1381 provides a better security model matching that of current Web
1382 browsers when Mozilla::PublicSuffix is installed.
1383 use HTTP::CookieJar::LWP ();
1385 my $jar = HTTP::CookieJar::LWP->new;
1387 my $agent = WWW::Mechanize->new( cookie_jar => $jar );
1388 protocols_allowed
1390 This option is inherited directly from LWP::UserAgent. It may be
1391 used to allow arbitrary protocols.
1392 my $agent = WWW::Mechanize->new(
1394 protocols_allowed => [ 'http', 'https' ]
1395 );
1396 This will prevent you from inadvertently following URLs like
1398 "file:///etc/passwd"
1399 protocols_forbidden
1401 This option is also inherited directly from LWP::UserAgent. It may
1402 be used to deny arbitrary protocols.
1403 my $agent = WWW::Mechanize->new(
1405 protocols_forbidden => [ 'file', 'mailto', 'ssh', ]
1406 );
1407 This will prevent you from inadvertently following URLs like
1409 "file:///etc/passwd"
1410 strict_forms
1412 Consider turning on the "strict_forms" option when you create a new
1413 Mech. This will perform a helpful sanity check on form fields
1414 every time you are submitting a form, which can save you a lot of
1415 debugging time.
1416 my $agent = WWW::Mechanize->new( strict_forms => 1 );
1418 If you do not want to have this option globally, you can still turn
1420 it on for individual forms.
1421 $agent->submit_form( fields => { foo => 'bar' } , strict_forms => 1 );
1423
1425 WWW::Mechanize is hosted at GitHub.
1426 Repository: <https://github.com/libwww-perl/WWW-Mechanize>. Bugs:
1428 <https://github.com/libwww-perl/WWW-Mechanize/issues>.
1429
1431 Spidering Hacks, by Kevin Hemenway and Tara Calishain
1432 Spidering Hacks from O'Reilly
1433 (<http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/spiderhks/>) is a great book for
1434 anyone wanting to know more about screen-scraping and spidering.
1435 There are six hacks that use Mech or a Mech derivative:
1437 #21 WWW::Mechanize 101
1439 #22 Scraping with WWW::Mechanize
1440 #36 Downloading Images from Webshots
1441 #44 Archiving Yahoo! Groups Messages with WWW::Yahoo::Groups
1442 #64 Super Author Searching
1443 #73 Scraping TV Listings
1444 The book was also positively reviewed on Slashdot:
1446 <http://books.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=03/12/11/2126256>
1447
1449 • WWW::Mechanize mailing list
1450 The Mech mailing list is at
1452 <http://groups.google.com/group/www-mechanize-users> and is
1453 specific to Mechanize, unlike the LWP mailing list below. Although
1454 it is a users list, all development discussion takes place here,
1455 too.
1456 • LWP mailing list
1458 The LWP mailing list is at
1460 <http://lists.perl.org/showlist.cgi?name=libwww>, and is more user-
1461 oriented and well-populated than the WWW::Mechanize list.
1462 • Perlmonks
1464 <http://perlmonks.org> is an excellent community of support, and
1466 many questions about Mech have already been answered there.
1467 • WWW::Mechanize::Examples
1469 A random array of examples submitted by users, included with the
1471 Mechanize distribution.
1472
1474 • <http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/wa-perlsecure/>
1475 IBM article "Secure Web site access with Perl"
1477 • <http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/googlehks2/chapter/hack84.pdf>
1479 Leland Johnson's hack #84 in Google Hacks, 2nd Edition is an
1481 example of a production script that uses WWW::Mechanize and
1482 HTML::TableContentParser. It takes in keywords and returns the
1483 estimated price of these keywords on Google's AdWords program.
1484 • <http://www.perl.com/pub/a/2004/06/04/recorder.html>
1486 Linda Julien writes about using HTTP::Recorder to create
1488 WWW::Mechanize scripts.
1489 • <http://www.developer.com/lang/other/article.php/3454041>
1491 Jason Gilmore's article on using WWW::Mechanize for scraping sales
1493 information from Amazon and eBay.
1494 • <http://www.perl.com/pub/a/2003/01/22/mechanize.html>
1496 Chris Ball's article about using WWW::Mechanize for scraping TV
1498 listings.
1499 • <http://www.stonehenge.com/merlyn/LinuxMag/col47.html>
1501 Randal Schwartz's article on scraping Yahoo News for images. It's
1503 already out of date: He manually walks the list of links hunting
1504 for matches, which wouldn't have been necessary if the
1505 "find_link()" method existed at press time.
1506 • <http://www.perladvent.org/2002/16th/>
1508 WWW::Mechanize on the Perl Advent Calendar, by Mark Fowler.
1510 • <http://www.linux-magazin.de/ausgaben/2004/03/datenruessel/>
1512 Michael Schilli's article on Mech and WWW::Mechanize::Shell for the
1514 German magazine Linux Magazin.
1515 Other modules that use Mechanize
1517 Here are modules that use or subclass Mechanize. Let me know of any
1518 others:
1519 • Finance::Bank::LloydsTSB
1521 • HTTP::Recorder
1523 Acts as a proxy for web interaction, and then generates
1525 WWW::Mechanize scripts.
1526 • Win32::IE::Mechanize
1528 Just like Mech, but using Microsoft Internet Explorer to do the
1530 work.
1531 • WWW::Bugzilla
1533 • WWW::Google::Groups
1535 • WWW::Hotmail
1537 • WWW::Mechanize::Cached
1539 • WWW::Mechanize::Cached::GZip
1541 • WWW::Mechanize::FormFiller
1543 • WWW::Mechanize::Shell
1545 • WWW::Mechanize::Sleepy
1547 • WWW::Mechanize::SpamCop
1549 • WWW::Mechanize::Timed
1551 • WWW::SourceForge
1553 • WWW::Yahoo::Groups
1555 • WWW::Scripter
1557
1559 Thanks to the numerous people who have helped out on WWW::Mechanize in
1560 one way or another, including Kirrily Robert for the original
1561 "WWW::Automate", Lyle Hopkins, Damien Clark, Ansgar Burchardt, Gisle
1562 Aas, Jeremy Ary, Hilary Holz, Rafael Kitover, Norbert Buchmuller, Dave
1563 Page, David Sainty, H.Merijn Brand, Matt Lawrence, Michael Schwern,
1564 Adriano Ferreira, Miyagawa, Peteris Krumins, Rafael Kitover, David
1565 Steinbrunner, Kevin Falcone, Mike O'Regan, Mark Stosberg, Uri Guttman,
1566 Peter Scott, Philippe Bruhat, Ian Langworth, John Beppu, Gavin Estey,
1567 Jim Brandt, Ask Bjoern Hansen, Greg Davies, Ed Silva, Mark-Jason
1568 Dominus, Autrijus Tang, Mark Fowler, Stuart Children, Max Maischein,
1569 Meng Wong, Prakash Kailasa, Abigail, Jan Pazdziora, Dominique
1570 Quatravaux, Scott Lanning, Rob Casey, Leland Johnson, Joshua Gatcomb,
1571 Julien Beasley, Abe Timmerman, Peter Stevens, Pete Krawczyk, Tad
1572 McClellan, and the late great Iain Truskett.
1573
1575 Andy Lester <andy at petdance.com>
1576
1578 This software is copyright (c) 2004 by Andy Lester.
1579 This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
1581 the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
1582perl v5.34.1 2022-05-01 WWW::Mechanize(3)