1PERLMODLIB(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLMODLIB(1)
2
6 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
7
9 Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are
10 described below, and all end in .pm. You may discover compiled library
11 files (usually ending in .so) or small pieces of modules to be
12 autoloaded (ending in .al); these were automatically generated by the
13 installation process. You may also discover files in the library
14 directory that end in either .pl or .ph. These are old libraries
15 supplied so that old programs that use them still run. The .pl files
16 will all eventually be converted into standard modules, and the .ph
17 files made by h2ph will probably end up as extension modules made by
18 h2xs. (Some .ph values may already be available through the POSIX,
19 Errno, or Fcntl modules.) The pl2pm file in the distribution may help
20 in your conversion, but it's just a mechanical process and therefore
21 far from bulletproof.
22 Pragmatic Modules
24 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
25 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
26 work well only when used within a "use", or "no". Most of these are
27 lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them by saying:
28 no integer;
30 no strict 'refs';
31 no warnings;
32 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
34 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the $^H
36 hints variable. Others affect the current package instead, like "use
37 vars" and "use subs", which allow you to predeclare a variables or
38 subroutines within a particular file rather than just a block. Such
39 declarations are effective for the entire file for which they were
40 declared. You cannot rescind them with "no vars" or "no subs".
41 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
43 attributes Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
45 autodie Replace functions with ones that succeed or die with
47 lexical scope
48 autodie::exception
50 Exceptions from autodying functions.
51 autodie::exception::system
53 Exceptions from autodying system().
54 autodie::hints
56 Provide hints about user subroutines to autodie
57 autodie::skip
59 Skip a package when throwing autodie exceptions
60 autouse Postpone load of modules until a function is used
62 base Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile
64 time
65 bigint Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
67 bignum Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
69 bigrat Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
71 blib Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
73 bytes Expose the individual bytes of characters
75 charnames Access to Unicode character names and named character
77 sequences; also define character names
78 constant Declare constants
80 deprecate Perl pragma for deprecating the inclusion of a module in
82 core
83 diagnostics Produce verbose warning diagnostics
85 encoding Allows you to write your script in non-ASCII and non-UTF-8
87 encoding::warnings
89 Warn on implicit encoding conversions
90 experimental
92 Experimental features made easy
93 feature Enable new features
95 fields Compile-time class fields
97 filetest Control the filetest permission operators
99 if "use" a Perl module if a condition holds
101 integer Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
103 less Request less of something
105 lib Manipulate @INC at compile time
107 locale Use or avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
109 mro Method Resolution Order
111 ok Alternative to Test::More::use_ok
113 open Set default PerlIO layers for input and output
115 ops Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
117 overload Package for overloading Perl operations
119 overloading Lexically control overloading
121 parent Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile
123 time
124 re Alter regular expression behaviour
126 sigtrap Enable simple signal handling
128 sort Control sort() behaviour
130 strict Restrict unsafe constructs
132 subs Predeclare subroutine names
134 threads Perl interpreter-based threads
136 threads::shared
138 Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads
139 utf8 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
141 vars Predeclare global variable names
143 version Perl extension for Version Objects
145 vmsish Control VMS-specific language features
147 warnings Control optional warnings
149 warnings::register
151 Warnings import function
152 Standard Modules
154 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
155 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
156 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
157 It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
159 system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
160 don't have the gdbm library.
161 Amiga::ARexx
163 Perl extension for ARexx support
164 Amiga::Exec Perl extension for low level amiga support
166 AnyDBM_File Provide framework for multiple DBMs
168 App::Cpan Easily interact with CPAN from the command line
170 App::Prove Implements the "prove" command.
172 App::Prove::State
174 State storage for the "prove" command.
175 App::Prove::State::Result
177 Individual test suite results.
178 App::Prove::State::Result::Test
180 Individual test results.
181 Archive::Tar
183 Module for manipulations of tar archives
184 Archive::Tar::File
186 A subclass for in-memory extracted file from Archive::Tar
187 Attribute::Handlers
189 Simpler definition of attribute handlers
190 AutoLoader Load subroutines only on demand
192 AutoSplit Split a package for autoloading
194 B The Perl Compiler Backend
196 B::Concise Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
198 B::Deparse Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
200 B::Op_private
202 OP op_private flag definitions
203 B::Showlex Show lexical variables used in functions or files
205 B::Terse Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
207 B::Xref Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
209 Benchmark Benchmark running times of Perl code
211 "IO::Socket::IP"
213 Family-neutral IP socket supporting both IPv4 and IPv6
214 "Socket" Networking constants and support functions
216 CORE Namespace for Perl's core routines
218 CPAN Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
220 CPAN::API::HOWTO
222 A recipe book for programming with CPAN.pm
223 CPAN::Debug Internal debugging for CPAN.pm
225 CPAN::Distroprefs
227 Read and match distroprefs
228 CPAN::FirstTime
230 Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
231 CPAN::HandleConfig
233 Internal configuration handling for CPAN.pm
234 CPAN::Kwalify
236 Interface between CPAN.pm and Kwalify.pm
237 CPAN::Meta The distribution metadata for a CPAN dist
239 CPAN::Meta::Converter
241 Convert CPAN distribution metadata structures
242 CPAN::Meta::Feature
244 An optional feature provided by a CPAN distribution
245 CPAN::Meta::History
247 History of CPAN Meta Spec changes
248 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_0
250 Version 1.0 metadata specification for META.yml
251 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_1
253 Version 1.1 metadata specification for META.yml
254 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_2
256 Version 1.2 metadata specification for META.yml
257 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_3
259 Version 1.3 metadata specification for META.yml
260 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_4
262 Version 1.4 metadata specification for META.yml
263 CPAN::Meta::Merge
265 Merging CPAN Meta fragments
266 CPAN::Meta::Prereqs
268 A set of distribution prerequisites by phase and type
269 CPAN::Meta::Requirements
271 A set of version requirements for a CPAN dist
272 CPAN::Meta::Spec
274 Specification for CPAN distribution metadata
275 CPAN::Meta::Validator
277 Validate CPAN distribution metadata structures
278 CPAN::Meta::YAML
280 Read and write a subset of YAML for CPAN Meta files
281 CPAN::Nox Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
283 CPAN::Plugin
285 Base class for CPAN shell extensions
286 CPAN::Plugin::Specfile
288 Proof of concept implementation of a trivial CPAN::Plugin
289 CPAN::Queue Internal queue support for CPAN.pm
291 CPAN::Tarzip
293 Internal handling of tar archives for CPAN.pm
294 CPAN::Version
296 Utility functions to compare CPAN versions
297 Carp Alternative warn and die for modules
299 Class::Struct
301 Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
302 Compress::Raw::Bzip2
304 Low-Level Interface to bzip2 compression library
305 Compress::Raw::Zlib
307 Low-Level Interface to zlib compression library
308 Compress::Zlib
310 Interface to zlib compression library
311 Config Access Perl configuration information
313 Config::Extensions
315 Hash lookup of which core extensions were built.
316 Config::Perl::V
318 Structured data retrieval of perl -V output
319 Cwd Get pathname of current working directory
321 DB Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API
323 DBM_Filter Filter DBM keys/values
325 DBM_Filter::compress
327 Filter for DBM_Filter
328 DBM_Filter::encode
330 Filter for DBM_Filter
331 DBM_Filter::int32
333 Filter for DBM_Filter
334 DBM_Filter::null
336 Filter for DBM_Filter
337 DBM_Filter::utf8
339 Filter for DBM_Filter
340 DB_File Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
342 Data::Dumper
344 Stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
345 printing and "eval"
346 Devel::PPPort
348 Perl/Pollution/Portability
349 Devel::Peek A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
351 Devel::SelfStubber
353 Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
354 Digest Modules that calculate message digests
356 Digest::MD5 Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
358 Digest::SHA Perl extension for SHA-1/224/256/384/512
360 Digest::base
362 Digest base class
363 Digest::file
365 Calculate digests of files
366 DirHandle (obsolete) supply object methods for directory handles
368 Dumpvalue Provides screen dump of Perl data.
370 DynaLoader Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
372 Encode Character encodings in Perl
374 Encode::Alias
376 Alias definitions to encodings
377 Encode::Byte
379 Single Byte Encodings
380 Encode::CJKConstants
382 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
383 Encode::CN China-based Chinese Encodings
385 Encode::CN::HZ
387 Internally used by Encode::CN
388 Encode::Config
390 Internally used by Encode
391 Encode::EBCDIC
393 EBCDIC Encodings
394 Encode::Encoder
396 Object Oriented Encoder
397 Encode::Encoding
399 Encode Implementation Base Class
400 Encode::GSM0338
402 ETSI GSM 03.38 Encoding
403 Encode::Guess
405 Guesses encoding from data
406 Encode::JP Japanese Encodings
408 Encode::JP::H2Z
410 Internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
411 Encode::JP::JIS7
413 Internally used by Encode::JP
414 Encode::KR Korean Encodings
416 Encode::KR::2022_KR
418 Internally used by Encode::KR
419 Encode::MIME::Header
421 MIME encoding for an unstructured email header
422 Encode::MIME::Name
424 Internally used by Encode
425 Encode::PerlIO
427 A detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
428 Encode::Supported
430 Encodings supported by Encode
431 Encode::Symbol
433 Symbol Encodings
434 Encode::TW Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
436 Encode::Unicode
438 Various Unicode Transformation Formats
439 Encode::Unicode::UTF7
441 UTF-7 encoding
442 English Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
444 variables
445 Env Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars
447 or arrays
448 Errno System errno constants
450 Exporter Implements default import method for modules
452 Exporter::Heavy
454 Exporter guts
455 ExtUtils::CBuilder
457 Compile and link C code for Perl modules
458 ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows
460 Builder class for Windows platforms
461 ExtUtils::Command
463 Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
464 ExtUtils::Command::MM
466 Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
467 ExtUtils::Constant
469 Generate XS code to import C header constants
470 ExtUtils::Constant::Base
472 Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
473 ExtUtils::Constant::Utils
475 Helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant
476 ExtUtils::Constant::XS
478 Generate C code for XS modules' constants.
479 ExtUtils::Embed
481 Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
482 ExtUtils::Install
484 Install files from here to there
485 ExtUtils::Installed
487 Inventory management of installed modules
488 ExtUtils::Liblist
490 Determine libraries to use and how to use them
491 ExtUtils::MM
493 OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
494 ExtUtils::MM::Utils
496 ExtUtils::MM methods without dependency on
497 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
498 ExtUtils::MM_AIX
500 AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
501 ExtUtils::MM_Any
503 Platform-agnostic MM methods
504 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS
506 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
507 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
509 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
510 ExtUtils::MM_DOS
512 DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
513 ExtUtils::MM_Darwin
515 Special behaviors for OS X
516 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS
518 Once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
519 ExtUtils::MM_NW5
521 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
522 ExtUtils::MM_OS2
524 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
525 ExtUtils::MM_OS390
527 OS390 specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
528 ExtUtils::MM_QNX
530 QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
531 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN
533 U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
534 ExtUtils::MM_Unix
536 Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
537 ExtUtils::MM_VMS
539 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
540 ExtUtils::MM_VOS
542 VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
543 ExtUtils::MM_Win32
545 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
546 ExtUtils::MM_Win95
548 Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
549 ExtUtils::MY
551 ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
552 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
554 Create a module Makefile
555 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config
557 Wrapper around Config.pm
558 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ
560 Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker
561 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Locale
563 Bundled Encode::Locale
564 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial
566 Writing a module with MakeMaker
567 ExtUtils::Manifest
569 Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
570 ExtUtils::Miniperl
572 Write the C code for miniperlmain.c and perlmain.c
573 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
575 Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
576 ExtUtils::Mksymlists
578 Write linker options files for dynamic extension
579 ExtUtils::PL2Bat
581 Batch file creation to run perl scripts on Windows
582 ExtUtils::Packlist
584 Manage .packlist files
585 ExtUtils::ParseXS
587 Converts Perl XS code into C code
588 ExtUtils::ParseXS::Constants
590 Initialization values for some globals
591 ExtUtils::ParseXS::Eval
593 Clean package to evaluate code in
594 ExtUtils::ParseXS::Utilities
596 Subroutines used with ExtUtils::ParseXS
597 ExtUtils::Typemaps
599 Read/Write/Modify Perl/XS typemap files
600 ExtUtils::Typemaps::Cmd
602 Quick commands for handling typemaps
603 ExtUtils::Typemaps::InputMap
605 Entry in the INPUT section of a typemap
606 ExtUtils::Typemaps::OutputMap
608 Entry in the OUTPUT section of a typemap
609 ExtUtils::Typemaps::Type
611 Entry in the TYPEMAP section of a typemap
612 ExtUtils::XSSymSet
614 Keep sets of symbol names palatable to the VMS linker
615 ExtUtils::testlib
617 Add blib/* directories to @INC
618 Fatal Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
620 Fcntl Load the C Fcntl.h defines
622 File::Basename
624 Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix.
625 File::Compare
627 Compare files or filehandles
628 File::Copy Copy files or filehandles
630 File::DosGlob
632 DOS like globbing and then some
633 File::Fetch A generic file fetching mechanism
635 File::Find Traverse a directory tree.
637 File::Glob Perl extension for BSD glob routine
639 File::GlobMapper
641 Extend File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files
642 File::Path Create or remove directory trees
644 File::Spec Portably perform operations on file names
646 File::Spec::AmigaOS
648 File::Spec for AmigaOS
649 File::Spec::Cygwin
651 Methods for Cygwin file specs
652 File::Spec::Epoc
654 Methods for Epoc file specs
655 File::Spec::Functions
657 Portably perform operations on file names
658 File::Spec::Mac
660 File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
661 File::Spec::OS2
663 Methods for OS/2 file specs
664 File::Spec::Unix
666 File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
667 File::Spec::VMS
669 Methods for VMS file specs
670 File::Spec::Win32
672 Methods for Win32 file specs
673 File::Temp Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
675 File::stat By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
677 FileCache Keep more files open than the system permits
679 FileHandle Supply object methods for filehandles
681 Filter::Simple
683 Simplified source filtering
684 Filter::Util::Call
686 Perl Source Filter Utility Module
687 FindBin Locate directory of original perl script
689 GDBM_File Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
691 Getopt::Long
693 Extended processing of command line options
694 Getopt::Std Process single-character switches with switch clustering
696 HTTP::Tiny A small, simple, correct HTTP/1.1 client
698 Hash::Util A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
700 Hash::Util::FieldHash
702 Support for Inside-Out Classes
703 I18N::Collate
705 Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
706 I18N::LangTags
708 Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
709 I18N::LangTags::Detect
711 Detect the user's language preferences
712 I18N::LangTags::List
714 Tags and names for human languages
715 I18N::Langinfo
717 Query locale information
718 IO Load various IO modules
720 IO::Compress::Base
722 Base Class for IO::Compress modules
723 IO::Compress::Bzip2
725 Write bzip2 files/buffers
726 IO::Compress::Deflate
728 Write RFC 1950 files/buffers
729 IO::Compress::FAQ
731 Frequently Asked Questions about IO::Compress
732 IO::Compress::Gzip
734 Write RFC 1952 files/buffers
735 IO::Compress::RawDeflate
737 Write RFC 1951 files/buffers
738 IO::Compress::Zip
740 Write zip files/buffers
741 IO::Dir Supply object methods for directory handles
743 IO::File Supply object methods for filehandles
745 IO::Handle Supply object methods for I/O handles
747 IO::Pipe Supply object methods for pipes
749 IO::Poll Object interface to system poll call
751 IO::Seekable
753 Supply seek based methods for I/O objects
754 IO::Select OO interface to the select system call
756 IO::Socket Object interface to socket communications
758 IO::Socket::INET
760 Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
761 IO::Socket::UNIX
763 Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
764 IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate
766 Uncompress zlib-based (zip, gzip) file/buffer
767 IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress
769 Uncompress gzip, zip, bzip2, zstd, xz, lzma, lzip, lzf or
770 lzop file/buffer
771 IO::Uncompress::Base
773 Base Class for IO::Uncompress modules
774 IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2
776 Read bzip2 files/buffers
777 IO::Uncompress::Gunzip
779 Read RFC 1952 files/buffers
780 IO::Uncompress::Inflate
782 Read RFC 1950 files/buffers
783 IO::Uncompress::RawInflate
785 Read RFC 1951 files/buffers
786 IO::Uncompress::Unzip
788 Read zip files/buffers
789 IO::Zlib IO:: style interface to Compress::Zlib
791 IPC::Cmd Finding and running system commands made easy
793 IPC::Msg SysV Msg IPC object class
795 IPC::Open2 Open a process for both reading and writing using open2()
797 IPC::Open3 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
799 using open3()
800 IPC::Semaphore
802 SysV Semaphore IPC object class
803 IPC::SharedMem
805 SysV Shared Memory IPC object class
806 IPC::SysV System V IPC constants and system calls
808 Internals Reserved special namespace for internals related functions
810 JSON::PP JSON::XS compatible pure-Perl module.
812 JSON::PP::Boolean
814 Dummy module providing JSON::PP::Boolean
815 List::Util A selection of general-utility list subroutines
817 List::Util::XS
819 Indicate if List::Util was compiled with a C compiler
820 Locale::Maketext
822 Framework for localization
823 Locale::Maketext::Cookbook
825 Recipes for using Locale::Maketext
826 Locale::Maketext::Guts
828 Deprecated module to load Locale::Maketext utf8 code
829 Locale::Maketext::GutsLoader
831 Deprecated module to load Locale::Maketext utf8 code
832 Locale::Maketext::Simple
834 Simple interface to Locale::Maketext::Lexicon
835 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
837 Article about software localization
838 MIME::Base64
840 Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
841 MIME::QuotedPrint
843 Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings
844 Math::BigFloat
846 Arbitrary size floating point math package
847 Math::BigInt
849 Arbitrary size integer/float math package
850 Math::BigInt::Calc
852 Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
853 Math::BigInt::FastCalc
855 Math::BigInt::Calc with some XS for more speed
856 Math::BigInt::Lib
858 Virtual parent class for Math::BigInt libraries
859 Math::BigRat
861 Arbitrary big rational numbers
862 Math::Complex
864 Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
865 Math::Trig Trigonometric functions
867 Memoize Make functions faster by trading space for time
869 Memoize::AnyDBM_File
871 Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
872 Memoize::Expire
874 Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
875 Memoize::ExpireFile
877 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
878 Memoize::ExpireTest
880 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
881 Memoize::NDBM_File
883 Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
884 Memoize::SDBM_File
886 Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
887 Memoize::Storable
889 Store Memoized data in Storable database
890 Module::CoreList
892 What modules shipped with versions of perl
893 Module::CoreList::Utils
895 What utilities shipped with versions of perl
896 Module::Load
898 Runtime require of both modules and files
899 Module::Load::Conditional
901 Looking up module information / loading at runtime
902 Module::Loaded
904 Mark modules as loaded or unloaded
905 Module::Metadata
907 Gather package and POD information from perl module files
908 NDBM_File Tied access to ndbm files
910 NEXT Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
912 redispatch
913 Net::Cmd Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
915 Net::Config Local configuration data for libnet
917 Net::Domain Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and
919 domain
920 Net::FTP FTP Client class
922 Net::FTP::dataconn
924 FTP Client data connection class
925 Net::NNTP NNTP Client class
927 Net::Netrc OO interface to users netrc file
929 Net::POP3 Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
931 Net::Ping Check a remote host for reachability
933 Net::SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
935 Net::Time Time and daytime network client interface
937 Net::hostent
939 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
940 Net::libnetFAQ
942 Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
943 Net::netent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
945 Net::protoent
947 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
948 Net::servent
950 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
951 O Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
953 ODBM_File Tied access to odbm files
955 Opcode Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
957 POSIX Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
959 Params::Check
961 A generic input parsing/checking mechanism.
962 Parse::CPAN::Meta
964 Parse META.yml and META.json CPAN metadata files
965 Perl::OSType
967 Map Perl operating system names to generic types
968 PerlIO On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
970 name space
971 PerlIO::encoding
973 Encoding layer
974 PerlIO::mmap
976 Memory mapped IO
977 PerlIO::scalar
979 In-memory IO, scalar IO
980 PerlIO::via Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
982 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint
984 PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
985 Pod::Checker
987 Check pod documents for syntax errors
988 Pod::Escapes
990 For resolving Pod E<...> sequences
991 Pod::Functions
993 Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod
994 Pod::Html Module to convert pod files to HTML
996 Pod::Man Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
998 Pod::ParseLink
1000 Parse an L<> formatting code in POD text
1001 Pod::Perldoc
1003 Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
1004 Pod::Perldoc::BaseTo
1006 Base for Pod::Perldoc formatters
1007 Pod::Perldoc::GetOptsOO
1009 Customized option parser for Pod::Perldoc
1010 Pod::Perldoc::ToANSI
1012 Render Pod with ANSI color escapes
1013 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker
1015 Let Perldoc check Pod for errors
1016 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan
1018 Let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
1019 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff
1021 Let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
1022 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod
1024 Let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
1025 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf
1027 Let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
1028 Pod::Perldoc::ToTerm
1030 Render Pod with terminal escapes
1031 Pod::Perldoc::ToText
1033 Let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
1034 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk
1036 Let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
1037 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml
1039 Let Perldoc render Pod as XML
1040 Pod::Simple Framework for parsing Pod
1042 Pod::Simple::Checker
1044 Check the Pod syntax of a document
1045 Pod::Simple::Debug
1047 Put Pod::Simple into trace/debug mode
1048 Pod::Simple::DumpAsText
1050 Dump Pod-parsing events as text
1051 Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML
1053 Turn Pod into XML
1054 Pod::Simple::HTML
1056 Convert Pod to HTML
1057 Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch
1059 Convert several Pod files to several HTML files
1060 Pod::Simple::JustPod
1062 Just the Pod, the whole Pod, and nothing but the Pod
1063 Pod::Simple::LinkSection
1065 Represent "section" attributes of L codes
1066 Pod::Simple::Methody
1068 Turn Pod::Simple events into method calls
1069 Pod::Simple::PullParser
1071 A pull-parser interface to parsing Pod
1072 Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken
1074 End-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1075 Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken
1077 Start-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1078 Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken
1080 Text-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1081 Pod::Simple::PullParserToken
1083 Tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1084 Pod::Simple::RTF
1086 Format Pod as RTF
1087 Pod::Simple::Search
1089 Find POD documents in directory trees
1090 Pod::Simple::SimpleTree
1092 Parse Pod into a simple parse tree
1093 Pod::Simple::Subclassing
1095 Write a formatter as a Pod::Simple subclass
1096 Pod::Simple::Text
1098 Format Pod as plaintext
1099 Pod::Simple::TextContent
1101 Get the text content of Pod
1102 Pod::Simple::XHTML
1104 Format Pod as validating XHTML
1105 Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream
1107 Turn Pod into XML
1108 Pod::Text Convert POD data to formatted text
1110 Pod::Text::Color
1112 Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
1113 Pod::Text::Overstrike
1115 Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
1116 Pod::Text::Termcap
1118 Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
1119 Pod::Usage Extracts POD documentation and shows usage information
1121 SDBM_File Tied access to sdbm files
1123 Safe Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
1125 Scalar::Util
1127 A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
1128 Search::Dict
1130 Look - search for key in dictionary file
1131 SelectSaver Save and restore selected file handle
1133 SelfLoader Load functions only on demand
1135 Storable Persistence for Perl data structures
1137 Sub::Util A selection of utility subroutines for subs and CODE
1139 references
1140 Symbol Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
1142 Sys::Hostname
1144 Try every conceivable way to get hostname
1145 Sys::Syslog Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
1147 Sys::Syslog::Win32
1149 Win32 support for Sys::Syslog
1150 TAP::Base Base class that provides common functionality to
1152 TAP::Parser
1153 TAP::Formatter::Base
1155 Base class for harness output delegates
1156 TAP::Formatter::Color
1158 Run Perl test scripts with color
1159 TAP::Formatter::Console
1161 Harness output delegate for default console output
1162 TAP::Formatter::Console::ParallelSession
1164 Harness output delegate for parallel console output
1165 TAP::Formatter::Console::Session
1167 Harness output delegate for default console output
1168 TAP::Formatter::File
1170 Harness output delegate for file output
1171 TAP::Formatter::File::Session
1173 Harness output delegate for file output
1174 TAP::Formatter::Session
1176 Abstract base class for harness output delegate
1177 TAP::Harness
1179 Run test scripts with statistics
1180 TAP::Harness::Env
1182 Parsing harness related environmental variables where
1183 appropriate
1184 TAP::Object Base class that provides common functionality to all
1186 "TAP::*" modules
1187 TAP::Parser Parse TAP output
1189 TAP::Parser::Aggregator
1191 Aggregate TAP::Parser results
1192 TAP::Parser::Grammar
1194 A grammar for the Test Anything Protocol.
1195 TAP::Parser::Iterator
1197 Base class for TAP source iterators
1198 TAP::Parser::Iterator::Array
1200 Iterator for array-based TAP sources
1201 TAP::Parser::Iterator::Process
1203 Iterator for process-based TAP sources
1204 TAP::Parser::Iterator::Stream
1206 Iterator for filehandle-based TAP sources
1207 TAP::Parser::IteratorFactory
1209 Figures out which SourceHandler objects to use for a given
1210 Source
1211 TAP::Parser::Multiplexer
1213 Multiplex multiple TAP::Parsers
1214 TAP::Parser::Result
1216 Base class for TAP::Parser output objects
1217 TAP::Parser::Result::Bailout
1219 Bailout result token.
1220 TAP::Parser::Result::Comment
1222 Comment result token.
1223 TAP::Parser::Result::Plan
1225 Plan result token.
1226 TAP::Parser::Result::Pragma
1228 TAP pragma token.
1229 TAP::Parser::Result::Test
1231 Test result token.
1232 TAP::Parser::Result::Unknown
1234 Unknown result token.
1235 TAP::Parser::Result::Version
1237 TAP syntax version token.
1238 TAP::Parser::Result::YAML
1240 YAML result token.
1241 TAP::Parser::ResultFactory
1243 Factory for creating TAP::Parser output objects
1244 TAP::Parser::Scheduler
1246 Schedule tests during parallel testing
1247 TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Job
1249 A single testing job.
1250 TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Spinner
1252 A no-op job.
1253 TAP::Parser::Source
1255 A TAP source & meta data about it
1256 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler
1258 Base class for different TAP source handlers
1259 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Executable
1261 Stream output from an executable TAP source
1262 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::File
1264 Stream TAP from a text file.
1265 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Handle
1267 Stream TAP from an IO::Handle or a GLOB.
1268 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Perl
1270 Stream TAP from a Perl executable
1271 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::RawTAP
1273 Stream output from raw TAP in a scalar/array ref.
1274 TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Reader
1276 Read YAMLish data from iterator
1277 TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Writer
1279 Write YAMLish data
1280 Term::ANSIColor
1282 Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
1283 Term::Cap Perl termcap interface
1285 Term::Complete
1287 Perl word completion module
1288 Term::ReadLine
1290 Perl interface to various "readline" packages.
1291 Test Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
1293 Test2 Framework for writing test tools that all work together.
1295 Test2::API Primary interface for writing Test2 based testing tools.
1297 Test2::API::Breakage
1299 What breaks at what version
1300 Test2::API::Context
1302 Object to represent a testing context.
1303 Test2::API::Instance
1305 Object used by Test2::API under the hood
1306 Test2::API::InterceptResult
1308 Representation of a list of events.
1309 Test2::API::InterceptResult::Event
1311 Representation of an event for use in
1312 Test2::API::InterceptResult::Hub
1314 Hub used by InterceptResult.
1315 Test2::API::InterceptResult::Squasher
1317 Encapsulation of the algorithm that
1318 Test2::API::Stack
1320 Object to manage a stack of Test2::Hub
1321 Test2::Event
1323 Base class for events
1324 Test2::Event::Bail
1326 Bailout!
1327 Test2::Event::Diag
1329 Diag event type
1330 Test2::Event::Encoding
1332 Set the encoding for the output stream
1333 Test2::Event::Exception
1335 Exception event
1336 Test2::Event::Fail
1338 Event for a simple failed assertion
1339 Test2::Event::Generic
1341 Generic event type.
1342 Test2::Event::Note
1344 Note event type
1345 Test2::Event::Ok
1347 Ok event type
1348 Test2::Event::Pass
1350 Event for a simple passing assertion
1351 Test2::Event::Plan
1353 The event of a plan
1354 Test2::Event::Skip
1356 Skip event type
1357 Test2::Event::Subtest
1359 Event for subtest types
1360 Test2::Event::TAP::Version
1362 Event for TAP version.
1363 Test2::Event::V2
1365 Second generation event.
1366 Test2::Event::Waiting
1368 Tell all procs/threads it is time to be done
1369 Test2::EventFacet
1371 Base class for all event facets.
1372 Test2::EventFacet::About
1374 Facet with event details.
1375 Test2::EventFacet::Amnesty
1377 Facet for assertion amnesty.
1378 Test2::EventFacet::Assert
1380 Facet representing an assertion.
1381 Test2::EventFacet::Control
1383 Facet for hub actions and behaviors.
1384 Test2::EventFacet::Error
1386 Facet for errors that need to be shown.
1387 Test2::EventFacet::Hub
1389 Facet for the hubs an event passes through.
1390 Test2::EventFacet::Info
1392 Facet for information a developer might care about.
1393 Test2::EventFacet::Info::Table
1395 Intermediary representation of a table.
1396 Test2::EventFacet::Meta
1398 Facet for meta-data
1399 Test2::EventFacet::Parent
1401 Facet for events contains other events
1402 Test2::EventFacet::Plan
1404 Facet for setting the plan
1405 Test2::EventFacet::Render
1407 Facet that dictates how to render an event.
1408 Test2::EventFacet::Trace
1410 Debug information for events
1411 Test2::Formatter
1413 Namespace for formatters.
1414 Test2::Formatter::TAP
1416 Standard TAP formatter
1417 Test2::Hub The conduit through which all events flow.
1419 Test2::Hub::Interceptor
1421 Hub used by interceptor to grab results.
1422 Test2::Hub::Interceptor::Terminator
1424 Exception class used by
1425 Test2::Hub::Subtest
1427 Hub used by subtests
1428 Test2::IPC Turn on IPC for threading or forking support.
1430 Test2::IPC::Driver
1432 Base class for Test2 IPC drivers.
1433 Test2::IPC::Driver::Files
1435 Temp dir + Files concurrency model.
1436 Test2::Tools::Tiny
1438 Tiny set of tools for unfortunate souls who cannot use
1439 Test2::Transition
1441 Transition notes when upgrading to Test2
1442 Test2::Util Tools used by Test2 and friends.
1444 Test2::Util::ExternalMeta
1446 Allow third party tools to safely attach meta-data
1447 Test2::Util::Facets2Legacy
1449 Convert facet data to the legacy event API.
1450 Test2::Util::HashBase
1452 Build hash based classes.
1453 Test2::Util::Trace
1455 Legacy wrapper fro Test2::EventFacet::Trace.
1456 Test::Builder
1458 Backend for building test libraries
1459 Test::Builder::Formatter
1461 Test::Builder subclass of Test2::Formatter::TAP
1462 Test::Builder::IO::Scalar
1464 A copy of IO::Scalar for Test::Builder
1465 Test::Builder::Module
1467 Base class for test modules
1468 Test::Builder::Tester
1470 Test testsuites that have been built with
1471 Test::Builder::Tester::Color
1473 Turn on colour in Test::Builder::Tester
1474 Test::Builder::TodoDiag
1476 Test::Builder subclass of Test2::Event::Diag
1477 Test::Harness
1479 Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
1480 Test::Harness::Beyond
1482 Beyond make test
1483 Test::More Yet another framework for writing test scripts
1485 Test::Simple
1487 Basic utilities for writing tests.
1488 Test::Tester
1490 Ease testing test modules built with Test::Builder
1491 Test::Tester::Capture
1493 Help testing test modules built with Test::Builder
1494 Test::Tester::CaptureRunner
1496 Help testing test modules built with Test::Builder
1497 Test::Tutorial
1499 A tutorial about writing really basic tests
1500 Test::use::ok
1502 Alternative to Test::More::use_ok
1503 Text::Abbrev
1505 Abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
1506 Text::Balanced
1508 Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
1509 Text::ParseWords
1511 Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
1512 Text::Tabs Expand and unexpand tabs like unix expand(1) and
1514 unexpand(1)
1515 Text::Wrap Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
1517 Thread Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
1519 Thread::Queue
1521 Thread-safe queues
1522 Thread::Semaphore
1524 Thread-safe semaphores
1525 Tie::Array Base class for tied arrays
1527 Tie::File Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
1529 Tie::Handle Base class definitions for tied handles
1531 Tie::Hash Base class definitions for tied hashes
1533 Tie::Hash::NamedCapture
1535 Named regexp capture buffers
1536 Tie::Memoize
1538 Add data to hash when needed
1539 Tie::RefHash
1541 Use references as hash keys
1542 Tie::Scalar Base class definitions for tied scalars
1544 Tie::StdHandle
1546 Base class definitions for tied handles
1547 Tie::SubstrHash
1549 Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
1550 Time::HiRes High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers
1552 Time::Local Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
1554 Time::Piece Object Oriented time objects
1556 Time::Seconds
1558 A simple API to convert seconds to other date values
1559 Time::gmtime
1561 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
1562 Time::localtime
1564 By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
1565 Time::tm Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
1567 UNIVERSAL Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
1569 Unicode::Collate
1571 Unicode Collation Algorithm
1572 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Big5
1574 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1575 Unicode::Collate::CJK::GB2312
1577 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1578 Unicode::Collate::CJK::JISX0208
1580 Weighting JIS KANJI for Unicode::Collate
1581 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Korean
1583 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1584 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Pinyin
1586 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1587 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Stroke
1589 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1590 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Zhuyin
1592 Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs
1593 Unicode::Collate::Locale
1595 Linguistic tailoring for DUCET via Unicode::Collate
1596 Unicode::Normalize
1598 Unicode Normalization Forms
1599 Unicode::UCD
1601 Unicode character database
1602 User::grent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
1604 User::pwent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
1606 VMS::DCLsym Perl extension to manipulate DCL symbols
1608 VMS::Filespec
1610 Convert between VMS and Unix file specification syntax
1611 VMS::Stdio Standard I/O functions via VMS extensions
1613 Win32 Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
1615 Win32API::File
1617 Low-level access to Win32 system API calls for files/dirs.
1618 Win32CORE Win32 CORE function stubs
1620 XS::APItest Test the perl C API
1622 XS::Typemap Module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
1624 XSLoader Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
1626 autodie::Scope::Guard
1628 Wrapper class for calling subs at end of scope
1629 autodie::Scope::GuardStack
1631 Hook stack for managing scopes via %^H
1632 autodie::Util
1634 Internal Utility subroutines for autodie and Fatal
1635 version::Internals
1637 Perl extension for Version Objects
1638 To find out all modules installed on your system, including those
1640 without documentation or outside the standard release, just use the
1641 following command (under the default win32 shell, double quotes should
1642 be used instead of single quotes).
1643 % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
1645 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
1646 no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
1647 (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.) They should
1649 all have their own documentation installed and accessible via your
1650 system man(1) command. If you do not have a find program, you can use
1651 the Perl find2perl program instead, which generates Perl code as output
1652 you can run through perl. If you have a man program but it doesn't
1653 find your modules, you'll have to fix your manpath. See perl for
1654 details. If you have no system man command, you might try the perldoc
1655 program.
1656 Note also that the command "perldoc perllocal" gives you a (possibly
1658 incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
1659 your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard
1660 MakeMaker install process.)
1661 Extension Modules
1663 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They are
1664 usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them, but may
1665 also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules include
1666 Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
1667 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
1669 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time for
1670 adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of platforms on
1671 which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to look for them on
1672 CPAN (described below), or using web search engines like Google or
1673 DuckDuckGo.
1674
1676 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
1677 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
1678 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
1679 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for CPAN
1680 can be found at https://www.cpan.org/
1681 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
1683 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
1684 modules are:
1685 • Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
1687 • Development Support
1689 • Operating System Interfaces
1691 • Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
1693 • Data Types and Data Type Utilities
1695 • Database Interfaces
1697 • User Interfaces
1699 • Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
1701 • File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
1703 • String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
1705 • Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
1707 • Internationalization and Locale
1709 • Authentication, Security, and Encryption
1711 • World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
1713 • Server and Daemon Utilities
1715 • Archiving and Compression
1717 • Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
1719 • Mail and Usenet News
1721 • Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
1723 • File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
1725 • Miscellaneous Modules
1727 The list of the registered CPAN sites follows. Please note that the
1729 sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
1730 Continent
1732 |
1733 |-->Country
1734 |
1735 |-->[state/province]
1736 |
1737 |-->ftp
1738 |
1739 |-->[http]
1740 and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
1742 European and the South American sites.
1743 Registered CPAN sites
1745 Africa
1747 South Africa
1748 http://mirror.is.co.za/pub/cpan/
1749 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/pub/cpan/
1750 http://cpan.mirror.ac.za/
1751 ftp://cpan.mirror.ac.za/
1752 http://cpan.saix.net/
1753 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
1754 http://ftp.wa.co.za/pub/CPAN/
1755 ftp://ftp.wa.co.za/pub/CPAN/
1756 Uganda
1758 http://mirror.ucu.ac.ug/cpan/
1759 Zimbabwe
1761 http://mirror.zol.co.zw/CPAN/
1762 ftp://mirror.zol.co.zw/CPAN/
1763 Asia
1765 Bangladesh
1766 http://mirror.dhakacom.com/CPAN/
1767 ftp://mirror.dhakacom.com/CPAN/
1768 China
1770 http://cpan.communilink.net/
1771 http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
1772 ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
1773 http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/CPAN/
1774 http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/cpan/
1775 http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/CPAN/
1776 http://mirrors.163.com/cpan/
1777 http://mirrors.sohu.com/CPAN/
1778 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CPAN/
1779 ftp://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CPAN/
1780 http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/CPAN/
1781 ftp://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/CPAN/
1782 http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/CPAN/
1783 India
1785 http://cpan.excellmedia.net/
1786 http://perlmirror.indialinks.com/
1787 Indonesia
1789 http://kambing.ui.ac.id/cpan/
1790 http://cpan.pesat.net.id/
1791 http://mirror.poliwangi.ac.id/CPAN/
1792 http://kartolo.sby.datautama.net.id/CPAN/
1793 http://mirror.wanxp.id/cpan/
1794 Iran
1796 http://mirror.yazd.ac.ir/cpan/
1797 Israel
1799 http://biocourse.weizmann.ac.il/CPAN/
1800 Japan
1802 http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1803 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1804 http://mirror.jre655.com/CPAN/
1805 ftp://mirror.jre655.com/CPAN/
1806 ftp://ftp.kddilabs.jp/CPAN/
1807 http://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/
1808 ftp://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/
1809 http://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/
1810 ftp://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/
1811 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1812 http://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/
1813 ftp://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/
1814 Kazakhstan
1816 http://mirror.neolabs.kz/CPAN/
1817 ftp://mirror.neolabs.kz/CPAN/
1818 Philippines
1820 http://mirror.pregi.net/CPAN/
1821 ftp://mirror.pregi.net/CPAN/
1822 http://mirror.rise.ph/cpan/
1823 ftp://mirror.rise.ph/cpan/
1824 Qatar
1826 http://mirror.qnren.qa/CPAN/
1827 ftp://mirror.qnren.qa/CPAN/
1828 Republic of Korea
1830 http://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/
1831 ftp://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/CPAN/
1832 http://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/pub/CPAN/
1833 ftp://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/CPAN/
1834 http://ftp.kr.freebsd.org/pub/CPAN/
1835 ftp://ftp.kr.freebsd.org/pub/CPAN/
1836 http://mirror.navercorp.com/CPAN/
1837 http://ftp.neowiz.com/CPAN/
1838 ftp://ftp.neowiz.com/CPAN/
1839 Singapore
1841 http://cpan.mirror.choon.net/
1842 http://mirror.0x.sg/CPAN/
1843 ftp://mirror.0x.sg/CPAN/
1844 Taiwan
1846 http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Unix/Lang/CPAN/
1847 ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Unix/Lang/CPAN/
1848 http://cpan.stu.edu.tw/
1849 ftp://ftp.stu.edu.tw/CPAN/
1850 http://ftp.yzu.edu.tw/CPAN/
1851 ftp://ftp.yzu.edu.tw/CPAN/
1852 http://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/
1853 ftp://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/
1854 http://ftp.ubuntu-tw.org/mirror/CPAN/
1855 ftp://ftp.ubuntu-tw.org/mirror/CPAN/
1856 Turkey
1858 http://cpan.ulak.net.tr/
1859 ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1860 http://mirror.vit.com.tr/mirror/CPAN/
1861 ftp://mirror.vit.com.tr/CPAN/
1862 Viet Nam
1864 http://mirrors.digipower.vn/CPAN/
1865 http://mirror.downloadvn.com/cpan/
1866 http://mirrors.vinahost.vn/CPAN/
1867 Europe
1869 Austria
1870 http://cpan.inode.at/
1871 ftp://cpan.inode.at/
1872 http://mirror.easyname.at/cpan/
1873 ftp://mirror.easyname.at/cpan/
1874 http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/languages/perl/CPAN/
1875 ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
1876 Belarus
1878 http://ftp.byfly.by/pub/CPAN/
1879 ftp://ftp.byfly.by/pub/CPAN/
1880 http://mirror.datacenter.by/pub/CPAN/
1881 ftp://mirror.datacenter.by/pub/CPAN/
1882 Belgium
1884 http://ftp.belnet.be/ftp.cpan.org/
1885 ftp://ftp.belnet.be/mirror/ftp.cpan.org/
1886 http://cpan.cu.be/
1887 http://lib.ugent.be/CPAN/
1888 http://cpan.weepeetelecom.be/
1889 Bosnia and Herzegovina
1891 http://cpan.mirror.ba/
1892 ftp://ftp.mirror.ba/CPAN/
1893 Bulgaria
1895 http://mirrors.neterra.net/CPAN/
1896 ftp://mirrors.neterra.net/CPAN/
1897 http://mirrors.netix.net/CPAN/
1898 ftp://mirrors.netix.net/CPAN/
1899 Croatia
1901 http://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/
1902 ftp://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/
1903 Czech Republic
1905 http://mirror.dkm.cz/cpan/
1906 ftp://mirror.dkm.cz/cpan/
1907 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
1908 http://mirrors.nic.cz/CPAN/
1909 ftp://mirrors.nic.cz/pub/CPAN/
1910 http://cpan.mirror.vutbr.cz/
1911 ftp://mirror.vutbr.cz/cpan/
1912 Denmark
1914 http://www.cpan.dk/
1915 http://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan/
1916 ftp://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan/
1917 Finland
1919 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1920 France
1922 http://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/cpan/
1923 ftp://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/cpan/
1924 http://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1925 ftp://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1926 http://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1927 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1928 http://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/CPAN/
1929 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/CPAN/
1930 http://cpan.mirrors.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org/
1931 ftp://cpan.mirrors.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org/
1932 http://cpan.enstimac.fr/
1933 Germany
1935 http://mirror.23media.de/cpan/
1936 ftp://mirror.23media.de/cpan/
1937 http://artfiles.org/cpan.org/
1938 ftp://artfiles.org/cpan.org/
1939 http://mirror.bibleonline.ru/cpan/
1940 http://mirror.checkdomain.de/CPAN/
1941 ftp://mirror.checkdomain.de/CPAN/
1942 http://cpan.noris.de/
1943 http://mirror.de.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
1944 ftp://mirror.de.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
1945 http://cpan.mirror.euserv.net/
1946 ftp://mirror.euserv.net/cpan/
1947 http://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN/
1948 ftp://mirror.fraunhofer.de/CPAN/
1949 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1950 http://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/
1951 ftp://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/
1952 ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/languages/perl/
1953 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1954 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1955 http://ftp.hawo.stw.uni-erlangen.de/CPAN/
1956 ftp://ftp.hawo.stw.uni-erlangen.de/CPAN/
1957 http://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/
1958 ftp://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/pub/CPAN/
1959 ftp://ftp.mpi-inf.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
1960 http://cpan.netbet.org/
1961 http://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
1962 ftp://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
1963 ftp://mirror.petamem.com/CPAN/
1964 http://www.planet-elektronik.de/CPAN/
1965 http://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/cpan/
1966 ftp://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/cpan/
1967 http://mirror.softaculous.com/cpan/
1968 http://ftp.u-tx.net/CPAN/
1969 ftp://ftp.u-tx.net/CPAN/
1970 http://mirror.reismil.ch/CPAN/
1971 Greece
1973 http://cpan.cc.uoc.gr/mirrors/CPAN/
1974 ftp://ftp.cc.uoc.gr/mirrors/CPAN/
1975 http://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
1976 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
1977 Hungary
1979 http://mirror.met.hu/CPAN/
1980 Ireland
1982 http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
1983 ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
1984 Italy
1986 http://bo.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/CPAN/
1987 ftp://ftp.eutelia.it/CPAN_Mirror/
1988 http://cpan.panu.it/
1989 ftp://ftp.panu.it/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/
1990 http://cpan.muzzy.it/
1991 Latvia
1993 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
1994 Lithuania
1996 http://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/
1997 ftp://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/
1998 Moldova
2000 http://mirror.as43289.net/pub/CPAN/
2001 ftp://mirror.as43289.net/pub/CPAN/
2002 Netherlands
2004 http://cpan.cs.uu.nl/
2005 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/pub/CPAN/
2006 http://mirror.nl.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2007 ftp://mirror.nl.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2008 http://ftp.nluug.nl/languages/perl/CPAN/
2009 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2010 http://mirror.transip.net/CPAN/
2011 ftp://mirror.transip.net/CPAN/
2012 http://cpan.mirror.triple-it.nl/
2013 http://ftp.tudelft.nl/cpan/
2014 ftp://ftp.tudelft.nl/pub/CPAN/
2015 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2016 Norway
2018 http://cpan.uib.no/
2019 ftp://cpan.uib.no/pub/CPAN/
2020 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2021 http://cpan.vianett.no/
2022 Poland
2024 http://ftp.agh.edu.pl/CPAN/
2025 ftp://ftp.agh.edu.pl/CPAN/
2026 http://ftp.piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2027 ftp://ftp.piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2028 ftp://ftp.ps.pl/pub/CPAN/
2029 http://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
2030 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
2031 Portugal
2033 http://cpan.dcc.fc.up.pt/
2034 http://mirrors.fe.up.pt/pub/CPAN/
2035 http://cpan.perl-hackers.net/
2036 http://cpan.perl.pt/
2037 Romania
2039 http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/cpan.org/
2040 ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN/
2041 http://mirrors.m247.ro/CPAN/
2042 http://mirrors.evowise.com/CPAN/
2043 http://mirrors.teentelecom.net/CPAN/
2044 ftp://mirrors.teentelecom.net/CPAN/
2045 http://mirrors.xservers.ro/CPAN/
2046 Russian Federation
2048 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/CPAN/
2049 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
2050 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2051 http://cpan-mirror.rbc.ru/pub/CPAN/
2052 http://mirror.rol.ru/CPAN/
2053 http://cpan.uni-altai.ru/
2054 http://cpan.webdesk.ru/
2055 ftp://cpan.webdesk.ru/cpan/
2056 http://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/cpan/
2057 ftp://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/cpan/
2058 Serbia
2060 http://mirror.sbb.rs/CPAN/
2061 ftp://mirror.sbb.rs/CPAN/
2062 Slovakia
2064 http://cpan.lnx.sk/
2065 http://tux.rainside.sk/CPAN/
2066 ftp://tux.rainside.sk/CPAN/
2067 Slovenia
2069 http://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
2070 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
2071 Spain
2073 http://mirrors.evowise.com/CPAN/
2074 http://osl.ugr.es/CPAN/
2075 http://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
2076 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
2077 Sweden
2079 http://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/CPAN/
2080 ftp://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/CPAN/
2081 Switzerland
2083 http://www.pirbot.com/mirrors/cpan/
2084 http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/mirror/CPAN/
2085 ftp://mirror.switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
2086 Ukraine
2088 http://cpan.ip-connect.vn.ua/
2089 ftp://cpan.ip-connect.vn.ua/mirror/cpan/
2090 United Kingdom
2092 http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
2093 ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
2094 http://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/
2095 ftp://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/
2096 http://mirrors.coreix.net/CPAN/
2097 http://cpan.etla.org/
2098 ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN/
2099 http://cpan.cpantesters.org/
2100 http://mirror.sax.uk.as61049.net/CPAN/
2101 http://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/CPAN/
2102 http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/cpan.perl.org/CPAN/
2103 ftp://ftp.mirrorservice.org/sites/cpan.perl.org/CPAN/
2104 http://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/
2105 ftp://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/
2106 http://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/
2107 ftp://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/
2108 http://cpan.mirrors.uk2.net/
2109 ftp://mirrors.uk2.net/pub/CPAN/
2110 http://mirror.ukhost4u.com/CPAN/
2111 North America
2113 Canada
2114 http://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/
2115 ftp://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/pub/CPAN/
2116 http://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/CPAN/
2117 ftp://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/CPAN/
2118 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN/
2119 http://mirror.its.dal.ca/cpan/
2120 ftp://mirror.its.dal.ca/cpan/
2121 ftp://ftp.ottix.net/pub/CPAN/
2122 Costa Rica
2124 http://mirrors.ucr.ac.cr/CPAN/
2125 Mexico
2127 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
2128 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
2129 United States
2131 Alabama
2132 http://mirror.teklinks.com/CPAN/
2133 Arizona
2135 http://mirror.n5tech.com/CPAN/
2136 http://mirrors.namecheap.com/CPAN/
2137 ftp://mirrors.namecheap.com/CPAN/
2138 California
2140 http://cpan.develooper.com/
2141 http://httpupdate127.cpanel.net/CPAN/
2142 http://mirrors.sonic.net/cpan/
2143 ftp://mirrors.sonic.net/cpan/
2144 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
2145 http://cpan.yimg.com/
2146 Idaho
2148 http://mirrors.syringanetworks.net/CPAN/
2149 ftp://mirrors.syringanetworks.net/CPAN/
2150 Illinois
2152 http://cpan.mirrors.hoobly.com/
2153 http://mirror.team-cymru.org/CPAN/
2154 ftp://mirror.team-cymru.org/CPAN/
2155 Indiana
2157 http://cpan.netnitco.net/
2158 ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2159 ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
2160 Kansas
2162 http://mirrors.concertpass.com/cpan/
2163 Massachusetts
2165 http://mirrors.ccs.neu.edu/CPAN/
2166 Michigan
2168 http://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
2169 ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
2170 http://httpupdate118.cpanel.net/CPAN/
2171 http://mirrors-usa.go-parts.com/cpan/
2172 http://ftp.wayne.edu/CPAN/
2173 ftp://ftp.wayne.edu/CPAN/
2174 New Hampshire
2176 http://mirror.metrocast.net/cpan/
2177 New Jersey
2179 http://mirror.datapipe.net/CPAN/
2180 ftp://mirror.datapipe.net/pub/CPAN/
2181 http://www.hoovism.com/CPAN/
2182 ftp://ftp.hoovism.com/CPAN/
2183 http://cpan.mirror.nac.net/
2184 New York
2186 http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/
2187 ftp://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/
2188 http://cpan.belfry.net/
2189 http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
2190 ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/CPAN/
2191 http://cpan.hexten.net/
2192 ftp://cpan.hexten.net/
2193 http://mirror.nyi.net/CPAN/
2194 ftp://mirror.nyi.net/pub/CPAN/
2195 http://noodle.portalus.net/CPAN/
2196 ftp://noodle.portalus.net/CPAN/
2197 http://mirrors.rit.edu/CPAN/
2198 ftp://mirrors.rit.edu/CPAN/
2199 North Carolina
2201 http://httpupdate140.cpanel.net/CPAN/
2202 http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/CPAN/
2203 Oregon
2205 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/
2206 ftp://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/
2207 http://mirror.uoregon.edu/CPAN/
2208 Pennsylvania
2210 http://cpan.pair.com/
2211 ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
2212 http://cpan.mirrors.ionfish.org/
2213 South Carolina
2215 http://cpan.mirror.clemson.edu/
2216 Texas
2218 http://mirror.uta.edu/CPAN/
2219 Utah
2221 http://cpan.cs.utah.edu/
2222 ftp://cpan.cs.utah.edu/CPAN/
2223 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
2224 Virginia
2226 http://mirror.cogentco.com/pub/CPAN/
2227 ftp://mirror.cogentco.com/pub/CPAN/
2228 http://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2229 ftp://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2230 http://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2231 ftp://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2232 Washington
2234 http://cpan.llarian.net/
2235 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
2236 Wisconsin
2238 http://cpan.mirrors.tds.net/
2239 ftp://cpan.mirrors.tds.net/pub/CPAN/
2240 Oceania
2242 Australia
2243 http://mirror.as24220.net/pub/cpan/
2244 ftp://mirror.as24220.net/pub/cpan/
2245 http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au/
2246 http://cpan.mirror.digitalpacific.com.au/
2247 ftp://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/cpan/
2248 http://mirror.optusnet.com.au/CPAN/
2249 http://cpan.mirror.serversaustralia.com.au/
2250 http://cpan.uberglobalmirror.com/
2251 http://mirror.waia.asn.au/pub/cpan/
2252 New Caledonia
2254 http://cpan.lagoon.nc/pub/CPAN/
2255 ftp://cpan.lagoon.nc/pub/CPAN/
2256 http://cpan.nautile.nc/CPAN/
2257 ftp://cpan.nautile.nc/CPAN/
2258 New Zealand
2260 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
2261 http://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/CPAN/
2262 ftp://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/pub/CPAN/
2263 http://cpan.inspire.net.nz/
2264 ftp://cpan.inspire.net.nz/cpan/
2265 http://mirror.webtastix.net/CPAN/
2266 ftp://mirror.webtastix.net/CPAN/
2267 South America
2269 Argentina
2270 http://cpan.mmgdesigns.com.ar/
2271 Brazil
2273 http://cpan.kinghost.net/
2274 http://linorg.usp.br/CPAN/
2275 http://mirror.nbtelecom.com.br/CPAN/
2276 Chile
2278 http://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/
2279 ftp://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/cpan/
2280 RSYNC Mirrors
2282 rsync://ftp.is.co.za/IS-Mirror/ftp.cpan.org/
2283 rsync://mirror.ac.za/CPAN/
2284 rsync://mirror.zol.co.zw/CPAN/
2285 rsync://mirror.dhakacom.com/CPAN/
2286 rsync://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CPAN/
2287 rsync://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/CPAN/
2288 rsync://kambing.ui.ac.id/CPAN/
2289 rsync://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
2290 rsync://mirror.jre655.com/CPAN/
2291 rsync://ftp.kddilabs.jp/cpan/
2292 rsync://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/cpan/
2293 rsync://ftp.riken.jp/cpan/
2294 rsync://mirror.neolabs.kz/CPAN/
2295 rsync://mirror.qnren.qa/CPAN/
2296 rsync://ftp.neowiz.com/CPAN/
2297 rsync://mirror.0x.sg/CPAN/
2298 rsync://ftp.yzu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
2299 rsync://ftp.ubuntu-tw.org/CPAN/
2300 rsync://mirrors.digipower.vn/CPAN/
2301 rsync://cpan.inode.at/CPAN/
2302 rsync://ftp.byfly.by/CPAN/
2303 rsync://mirror.datacenter.by/CPAN/
2304 rsync://ftp.belnet.be/cpan/
2305 rsync://cpan.mirror.ba/CPAN/
2306 rsync://mirrors.neterra.net/CPAN/
2307 rsync://mirrors.netix.net/CPAN/
2308 rsync://mirror.dkm.cz/cpan/
2309 rsync://mirrors.nic.cz/CPAN/
2310 rsync://cpan.mirror.vutbr.cz/cpan/
2311 rsync://rsync.nic.funet.fi/CPAN/
2312 rsync://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/cpan/
2313 rsync://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
2314 rsync://cpan.mirrors.ovh.net/CPAN/
2315 rsync://mirror.de.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2316 rsync://mirror.euserv.net/cpan/
2317 rsync://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/CPAN/
2318 rsync://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2319 rsync://ftp.hawo.stw.uni-erlangen.de/CPAN/
2320 rsync://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/CPAN/
2321 rsync://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
2322 rsync://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/cpan/
2323 rsync://ftp.ntua.gr/CPAN/
2324 rsync://mirror.met.hu/CPAN/
2325 rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
2326 rsync://rsync.panu.it/CPAN/
2327 rsync://mirror.as43289.net/CPAN/
2328 rsync://rsync.cs.uu.nl/CPAN/
2329 rsync://mirror.nl.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2330 rsync://ftp.nluug.nl/CPAN/
2331 rsync://mirror.transip.net/CPAN/
2332 rsync://cpan.uib.no/cpan/
2333 rsync://cpan.vianett.no/CPAN/
2334 rsync://cpan.perl-hackers.net/CPAN/
2335 rsync://cpan.perl.pt/cpan/
2336 rsync://mirrors.m247.ro/CPAN/
2337 rsync://mirrors.teentelecom.net/CPAN/
2338 rsync://cpan.webdesk.ru/CPAN/
2339 rsync://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/cpan/
2340 rsync://mirror.sbb.rs/CPAN/
2341 rsync://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/CPAN/
2342 rsync://rsync.pirbot.com/ftp/cpan/
2343 rsync://cpan.ip-connect.vn.ua/CPAN/
2344 rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
2345 rsync://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/
2346 rsync://mirror.sax.uk.as61049.net/CPAN/
2347 rsync://rsync.mirrorservice.org/cpan.perl.org/CPAN/
2348 rsync://ftp.ticklers.org/CPAN/
2349 rsync://mirrors.uk2.net/CPAN/
2350 rsync://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/CPAN/
2351 rsync://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/CPAN/
2352 rsync://mirrors.namecheap.com/CPAN/
2353 rsync://mirrors.syringanetworks.net/CPAN/
2354 rsync://mirror.team-cymru.org/CPAN/
2355 rsync://debian.cse.msu.edu/cpan/
2356 rsync://mirrors-usa.go-parts.com/mirrors/cpan/
2357 rsync://rsync.hoovism.com/CPAN/
2358 rsync://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/cpan/
2359 rsync://noodle.portalus.net/CPAN/
2360 rsync://mirrors.rit.edu/cpan/
2361 rsync://mirrors.ibiblio.org/CPAN/
2362 rsync://cpan.pair.com/CPAN/
2363 rsync://cpan.cs.utah.edu/CPAN/
2364 rsync://mirror.cogentco.com/CPAN/
2365 rsync://mirror.jmu.edu/CPAN/
2366 rsync://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/CPAN/
2367 rsync://cpan.mirror.digitalpacific.com.au/cpan/
2368 rsync://mirror.internode.on.net/cpan/
2369 rsync://uberglobalmirror.com/cpan/
2370 rsync://cpan.lagoon.nc/cpan/
2371 rsync://mirrors.mmgdesigns.com.ar/CPAN/
2372 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites, see
2374 <https://www.cpan.org/SITES> or <ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES>.
2375
2377 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
2378 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
2379 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a package
2381 doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a namespace.
2382 A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be used as
2383 methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its first
2384 argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods), or a
2385 reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
2386 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
2388 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
2389 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
2390 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
2391 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
2392 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
2393 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the .pm file is required to
2394 exist. See perlsub, perlobj, and AutoLoader for details about the
2395 AUTOLOAD mechanism.
2396 Guidelines for Module Creation
2398 • Do similar modules already exist in some form?
2399 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
2401 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
2402 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
2403 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
2404 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
2405 with command line options.
2406 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
2408 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
2409 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
2410 scheme as the original author.
2411 • Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
2413 Try to "use warnings;" (or "use warnings qw(...);"). Remember that
2415 you can add "no warnings qw(...);" to individual blocks of code
2416 that need less warnings.
2417 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to
2419 bless into the class name given as the first parameter of the
2420 constructor, e.g.,:
2421 sub new {
2423 my $class = shift;
2424 return bless {}, $class;
2425 }
2426 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static or a
2428 virtual method.
2429 sub new {
2431 my $self = shift;
2432 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
2433 return bless {}, $class;
2434 }
2435 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
2437 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
2438 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
2439 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
2440 Avoid class name tests like: "die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq
2442 'FOO'". Generally you can delete the "eq 'FOO'" part with no harm
2443 at all. Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid
2444 hard-wired class names as far as possible.
2445 Avoid "$r->Class::func()" where using "@ISA=qw(... Class ...)" and
2447 "$r->func()" would work.
2448 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
2450 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to the
2451 module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
2452 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
2454 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
2456 "@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);" your applications should be able
2457 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
2458 does your application still work if you change: "$obj =
2459 YOURCLASS->new();" into: "$obj = SUBCLASS->new();" ?
2460 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
2462 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
2463 information in objects.
2464 Always use -w.
2466 Try to "use strict;" (or "use strict qw(...);"). Remember that you
2468 can add "no strict qw(...);" to individual blocks of code that need
2469 less strictness.
2470 Always use -w.
2472 Follow the guidelines in perlstyle.
2474 Always use -w.
2476 • Some simple style guidelines
2478 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
2480 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve
2482 their style over several years as they learn what helps them write
2483 and maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions
2484 that seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
2485 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
2487 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for non-
2488 native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
2489 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
2490 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
2492 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
2493 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
2494 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
2495 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope or
2497 nature of a variable. For example:
2498 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
2500 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
2501 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
2502 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
2504 e.g., "$obj->as_string()".
2505 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
2507 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
2508 • Select what to export.
2510 Do NOT export method names!
2512 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
2514 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
2516 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
2517 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
2518 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside
2520 the module using the ModuleName::item_name (or
2521 "$blessed_ref->method") syntax. By convention you can use a
2522 leading underscore on names to indicate informally that they are
2523 'internal' and not for public use.
2524 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying: "my
2526 $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;". But there's no way to call
2527 that directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the
2528 symbol table.)
2529 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
2531 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
2532 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
2533 • Select a name for the module.
2535 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
2537 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
2538 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is
2539 special about what the module does rather than how it does it.
2540 Please use nested module names to group informally or categorize a
2541 module. There should be a very good reason for a module not to
2542 have a nested name. Module names should begin with a capital
2543 letter.
2544 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for
2546 anyone (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally
2547 better :-). Imagine someone trying to install your module
2548 alongside many others.
2549 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
2551 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
2552 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
2553 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
2554 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
2556 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in those
2557 modules.
2558 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
2560 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
2561 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
2562 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
2563 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
2564 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
2566 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure
2567 each is unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this
2568 easier.
2569 For additional guidance on the naming of modules, please consult:
2571 https://pause.perl.org/pause/query?ACTION=pause_namingmodules
2573 or send mail to the <module-authors@perl.org> mailing list.
2575 • Have you got it right?
2577 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
2579 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have you
2580 picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
2581 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful
2583 suggestions, is to ask someone who knows. The
2584 <module-authors@perl.org> mailing list is useful for this purpose;
2585 it's also accessible via news interface as perl.module-authors at
2586 nntp.perl.org.
2587 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
2589 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
2590 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
2591 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
2592 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
2594 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
2595 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
2596 • README and other Additional Files.
2598 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
2600 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
2601 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
2602 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
2603 • A description of the module/package/extension etc.
2605 • A copyright notice - see below.
2607 • Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
2609 • How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
2611 • How to install it.
2613 • Recent changes in this release, especially
2615 incompatibilities
2616 • Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
2618 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
2620 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
2621 Copying, ToDo etc.
2622 • Adding a Copyright Notice.
2624 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
2626 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
2627 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
2628 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The
2630 GNU GPL and The Artistic Licence (see the files README,
2631 Copying, and Artistic, or perlgpl and perlartistic). Larry has
2632 good reasons for NOT just using the GNU GPL.
2633 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and
2635 the Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
2636 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
2638 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
2639 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
2640 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You
2642 may also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source
2643 files. Remember to include the other words in addition to the
2644 Copyright.
2645 • Give the module a version/issue/release number.
2647 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules
2649 you should store your module's version number in a non-my
2650 package variable called $VERSION. This should be a positive
2651 floating point number with at least two digits after the
2652 decimal (i.e., hundredths, e.g, "$VERSION = "0.01""). Don't
2653 use a "1.3.2" style version. See Exporter for details.
2654 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the
2656 number. Use the number in announcements and archive file names
2657 when releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z). See perldoc
2658 ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
2659 • How to release and distribute a module.
2661 If possible, register the module with CPAN. Follow the
2663 instructions and links on:
2664 https://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
2666 and upload to:
2668 https://pause.perl.org/
2670 and notify <modules@perl.org>. This will allow anyone to
2672 install your module using the "cpan" tool distributed with
2673 Perl.
2674 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to
2676 mirror your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own
2677 directory on CPAN!
2678 • Take care when changing a released module.
2680 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released
2682 versions. Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
2683 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible
2684 changes.
2685 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2687 • There is no requirement to convert anything.
2688 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
2690 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
2691 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
2692 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
2693 • Consider the implications.
2695 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to be
2697 changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is it
2698 worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
2699 • Make the most of the opportunity.
2701 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
2703 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
2704 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
2705 • The pl2pm utility will get you started.
2707 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
2709 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
2710 • Adds the standard Module prologue lines
2712 • Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
2714 • Converts die(...) to croak(...)
2716 • Several other minor changes
2718 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
2720 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
2721 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
2722 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2724 • Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
2725 • Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
2727 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
2729 to reuse.
2730 • Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
2732 • Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
2734 • In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
2736 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these
2738 cases the application could invoked as:
2739 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
2741 or
2742 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
2743
2745 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you
2746 may have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17.
2747 Perl doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would
2748 prefer that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't
2749 invited, not because it has a shotgun.
2750 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
2752 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
2753 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
2754 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
2755 provisions. But then you know when you "use RedefineTheWorld" that
2756 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.
2757perl v5.34.1 2022-03-15 PERLMODLIB(1)