1GROFF_CHAR(7) Miscellaneous Information Manual GROFF_CHAR(7)
2
6 groff_char - groff character names
7
9 This manual page lists the standard groff input characters. The output
10 characters in this document will look different depending on which out‐
11 put device was chosen (with option -T for the man(1) program or the
12 roff formatter). Only the characters that are available for the device
13 that is being used to print or view this manual page will be displayed
14 (the device currently used is `utf8').
15 In the actual version, groff provides only 8-bit characters for direct
17 input and named characters for further glyphs. On ASCII platforms,
18 character codes in the range 0 to 127 (decimal) represent the usual
19 7-bit ASCII characters, while codes between 127 and 255 are interpreted
20 as the corresponding characters in the Latin-1 (ISO-8859-1) code set.
21 On EBCDIC platforms, only the code page cp1047 is supported (which con‐
22 tains the same characters as Latin-1). It is rather straightforward
23 (for the experienced user) to set up other 8bit encodings like Latin-2;
24 since groff will use Unicode in the next major version, no additional
25 encodings are provided.
26 All roff systems provide the concept of named characters. In tradi‐
28 tional roff systems, only names of length 2 were used, while groff also
29 provides support for longer names. It is strongly suggested that only
30 named characters are used for all characters outside of the 7-bit ASCII
31 range.
32 Some of the predefined groff escape sequences (with names of length 1)
34 also produce single characters; these exist for historical reasons or
35 are printable versions of syntactical characters. They include \\, \',
36 \`, \-, \., and \e; see groff(7).
37 In groff, all of these different types of characters can be tested pos‐
39 itively with the .if c conditional.
40
42 In this section, the characters in groff are specified in tabular form.
43 The meaning of the columns is as follows.
44 Output shows how the character is printed for the current device;
46 although this can have quite a different shape on other devices,
47 it always represents the same glyph.
48 Input name
50 specifies how the character is input either directly by a key on
51 the keyboard, or by a groff escape sequence.
52 Input code
54 applies to characters which can be input with a single charac‐
55 ter, and gives the ISO Latin-1 decimal code of that input char‐
56 acter. Note that this code is equivalent to the lowest 256 Uni‐
57 code characters; (including 7-bit ASCII in the range 0 to 127).
58 PostScript name
60 gives the usual PostScript name of the output character.
61 ASCII Characters
63 These are the basic characters having 7-bit ASCII code values. These
64 are identical to the first 127 characters of the character standards
65 ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) and Unicode (range C0 Controls and Basic Latin).
66 To save space, not every code has an entry in the following because the
67 following code ranges are well known.
68 0-32 Control characters (print as themselves).
70 48-57 Decimal digits 0 to 9 (print as themselves).
72 65-90 Upper case letters A-Z (print as themselves).
74 97-122 Lower case letters a-z (print as themselves).
76 127 Control character (prints as itself).
78 The remaining ranges constitute the printable, non-alphanumeric ASCII
80 characters; only these are listed below. As can be seen in the table
81 below, most of these characters print as themselves; the only excep‐
82 tions are the following characters:
83 ` the ISO Latin-1 `Grave Accent' (code 96) prints as `, a left
85 single quotation mark,
86 ' the ISO Latin-1 `Apostrophe' (code 39) prints as ', a right sin‐
88 gle quotation mark; the corresponding ISO Latin-1 characters can
89 be obtained with \` and \(aq.
90 - the ISO Latin-1 `Hyphen, Minus Sign' (code 45) prints as a
92 hyphen; a minus sign can be obtained with \-.
93 ~ the ISO Latin-1 `Tilde' (code 126); a larger glyph can be
95 obtained with \(ti.
96 ^ the ISO Latin-1 `Circumflex Accent' (code 94); a larger glyph
98 can be obtained with \(ha.
99 Output Input Input PostScript Notes
101 name code name
102 ! ! 33 exclam
104 " " 34 quotedbl
105 # # 35 numbersign
106 $ $ 36 dollar
107 % % 37 percent
108 & & 38 ampersand
109 ' ' 39 quoteright
110 ( ( 40 parenleft
111 ) ) 41 parenright
112 * * 42 asterisk
113 + + 43 plus
114 , , 44 comma
115 - - 45 hyphen
116 . . 46 period
117 / / 47 slash
118 : : 58 colon
119 ; ; 59 semicolon
120 < < 60 less
121 = = 61 equal
122 > > 62 greater
123 ? ? 63 question
124 @ @ 64 at
125 [ [ 91 bracketleft
126 \ \ 92 backslash
127 ] ] 93 bracketright
128 ^ ^ 94 circumflex circumflex accent
129 _ _ 95 underscore
130 ` ` 96 quoteleft
131 { { 123 braceleft
132 | | 124 bar
133 } } 125 braceright
134 ~ ~ 126 tilde tilde accent
135 Latin-1 Special Characters
137 These characters have character codes between 128 and 255. They are
138 interpreted as characters according to the Latin-1 (iso-8859-1) code
139 set, being identical to the Unicode range C1 Controls and Latin-1 Sup‐
140 plement.
141 128-159
143 the C1 Controls; they print as themselves, but the effect is
144 mostly undefined.
145 160 the ISO Latin-1 no-break space is mapped to `\ ', the escaped
147 space character.
148 173 the soft hyphen control character (prints as itself). groff
150 never use this character for output (thus it is omitted in the
151 table below); the input character 173 is mapped onto \%.
152 The remaining ranges (161-172, 174-255), called the Latin-1 Supplement
154 in Unicode, are printable characters that print as themselves.
155 Although they can be specified directly with the keyboard on systems
156 with a Latin-1 code page, it is better to use their named character
157 equivalent; see next section.
158 Output Input Input PostScript Notes
160 name code name
161 ¡ ¡ 161 exclamdown inverted exclamation mark
163 ¢ ¢ 162 cent
164 £ £ 163 sterling
165 ¤ ¤ 164 currency
166 ¥ ¥ 165 yen
167 ¦ ¦ 166 brokenbar
168 § § 167 section
169 ¨ ¨ 168 dieresis
170 © © 169 copyright
171 ª ª 170 ordfeminine
172 « « 171 guillemotleft
173 ¬ ¬ 172 logicalnot
174 ® ® 174 registered
175 ¯ ¯ 175 macron
176 ° ° 176 degree
177 ± ± 177 plusminus
178 ² ² 178 twosuperior
179 ³ ³ 179 threesuperior
180 ´ ´ 180 acute acute accent
181 µ µ 181 mu micro sign
182 ¶ ¶ 182 paragraph
183 · · 183 periodcentered
184 ¸ ¸ 184 cedilla
185 ¹ ¹ 185 onesuperior
186 º º 186 ordmasculine
187 » » 187 guillemotright
188 ¼ ¼ 188 onequarter
189 ½ ½ 189 onehalf
190 ¾ ¾ 190 threequarters
191 ¿ ¿ 191 questiondown
192 À À 192 Agrave
193 Á Á 193 Aacute
194 Â Â 194 Acircumflex
195 Ã Ã 195 Atilde
196 Ä Ä 196 Adieresis
197 Å Å 197 Aring
198 Æ Æ 198 AE
199 Ç Ç 199 Ccedilla
200 È È 200 Egrave
201 É É 201 Eacute
202 Ê Ê 202 Ecircumflex
203 Ë Ë 203 Edieresis
204 Ì Ì 204 Igrave
205 Í Í 205 Iacute
206 Î Î 206 Icircumflex
207 Ï Ï 207 Idieresis
208 Ð Ð 208 Eth
209 Ñ Ñ 209 Ntilde
210 Ò Ò 210 Ograve
211 Ó Ó 211 Oacute
212 Ô Ô 212 Ocircumflex
213 Õ Õ 213 Otilde
214 Ö Ö 214 Odieresis
215 × × 215 multiply
216 Ø Ø 216 Oslash
217 Ù Ù 217 Ugrave
218 Ú Ú 218 Uacute
219 Û Û 219 Ucircumflex
220 Ü Ü 220 Udieresis
221 Ý Ý 221 Yacute
222 Þ Þ 222 Thorn
223 ß ß 223 germandbls
224 à à 224 agrave
225 á á 225 aacute
226 â â 226 acircumflex
227 ã ã 227 atilde
228 ä ä 228 adieresis
229 å å 229 aring
230 æ æ 230 ae
231 ç ç 231 ccedilla
232 è è 232 egrave
233 é é 233 eacute
234 ê ê 234 ecircumflex
235 ë ë 235 edieresis
236 ì ì 236 igrave
237 í í 237 iacute
238 î î 238 icircumflex
239 ï ï 239 idieresis
240 ð ð 240 eth
241 ñ ñ 241 ntilde
242 ò ò 242 ograve
243 ó ó 243 oacute
244 ô ô 244 ocircumflex
245 õ õ 245 otilde
246 ö ö 246 odieresis
247 ÷ ÷ 247 divide
248 ø ø 248 oslash
249 ù ù 249 ugrave
250 ú ú 250 uacute
251 û û 251 ucircumflex
252 ü ü 252 udieresis
253 ý ý 253 yacute
254 þ þ 254 thorn
255 ÿ ÿ 255 ydieresis
256 Named Characters
258 The named character idiom is the standard way to specify special char‐
259 acters in roff systems. They can be embedded into the document text by
260 using escape sequences. groff(7) describes how these escape sequences
261 look. The character names can consist of quite arbitrary characters
262 from the ASCII or Latin-1 code set, not only alphanumeric characters.
263 Here some examples:
264 \c named character having the name c, which consists of a single
266 character (length 1).
267 \(ch named character having the 2-character name ch.
269 \[char_name]
271 named character having the name char_name (having length 1, 2,
272 3, ...).
273 In groff, each 8bit input character can also referred to by the con‐
275 struct \n[charn] where n is the decimal code of the character, a number
276 between 0 and 255 without leading zeros. They are mapped onto glyph
277 entities using the .trin request. Moreover, new character names can be
278 created by the .char request; see groff(7).
279 Output Input PostScript Notes
281 name name
282 Ð \[-D] Eth Icelandic uppercase eth
284 ð \[Sd] eth Icelandic lowercase eth
285 Þ \[TP] Thorn Icelandic uppercase thorn
286 þ \[Tp] thorn Icelandic lowercase thorn
287 ß \[ss] germandbls German sharp s
288 Ligatures
290 ff \[ff] ff ff ligature
291 fi \[fi] fi fi ligature
292 fl \[fl] fl fl ligature
293 ffi \[Fi] ffi ffi ligature
294 ffl \[Fl] ffl ffl ligature
295 Æ \[AE] AE
296 æ \[ae] ae
297 Π\[OE] OE
298 œ \[oe] oe
299 IJ \[IJ] IJ Dutch IJ ligature
300 ij \[ij] ij Dutch ij ligature
301 ı \[.i] dotlessi i without a dot (Turkish)
302 ȷ \[.j] dotlessj j without a dot
303 Accented Characters
305 Á \['A] Aacute
306 Ć \['C] Cacute
307 É \['E] Eacute
308 Í \['I] Iacute
309 Ó \['O] Oacute
310 Ú \['U] Uacute
311 Ý \['Y] Yacute
312 á \['a] aacute
313 ć \['c] cacute
314 é \['e] eacute
315 í \['i] iacute
316 ó \['o] oacute
317 ú \['u] uacute
318 ý \['y] yacute
319 Ä \[:A] Adieresis A with umlaut
320 Ë \[:E] Edieresis
321 Ï \[:I] Idieresis
322 Ö \[:O] Odieresis
323 Ü \[:U] Udieresis
324 Ÿ \[:Y] Ydieresis
325 ä \[:a] adieresis
326 ë \[:e] edieresis
327 ï \[:i] idieresis
328 ö \[:o] odieresis
329 ü \[:u] udieresis
330 ÿ \[:y] ydieresis
331 Â \[^A] Acircumflex
332 Ê \[^E] Ecircumflex
333 Î \[^I] Icircumflex
334 Ô \[^O] Ocircumflex
335 Û \[^U] Ucircumflex
336 â \[^a] acircumflex
337 ê \[^e] ecircumflex
338 î \[^i] icircumflex
339 ô \[^o] ocircumflex
340 û \[^u] ucircumflex
341 À \[`A] Agrave
342 È \[`E] Egrave
343 Ì \[`I] Igrave
344 Ò \[`O] Ograve
345 Ù \[`U] Ugrave
346 à \[`a] agrave
347 è \[`e] egrave
348 ì \[`i] igrave
349 ò \[`o] ograve
350 ù \[`u] ugrave
351 Ã \[~A] Atilde
352 Ñ \[~N] Ntilde
353 Õ \[~O] Otilde
354 ã \[~a] atilde
355 ñ \[~n] ntilde
356 õ \[~o] otilde
357 Š \[vS] Scaron
358 š \[vs] scaron
359 Ž \[vZ] Zcaron
360 ž \[vz] zcaron
361 Ç \[,C] Ccedilla
362 ç \[,c] ccedilla
363 Ł \[/L] Lslash Polish L with a slash
364 ł \[/l] lslash Polish l with a slash
365 Ø \[/O] Oslash Scandinavic slashed O
366 ø \[/o] oslash Scandinavic slashed o
367 Å \[oA] Aring
368 å \[oa] aring
369 Accents
371 ˝ \[a"] hungarumlaut Hungarian umlaut
372 ¯ \[a-] macron macron or bar accent
373 ˙ \[a.] dotaccent dot accent
374 ^ \[a^] circumflex circumflex accent
375 ´ \[aa] acute acute accent
376 ` \[ga] grave grave accent
377 ˘ \[ab] breve breve accent
378 ¸ \[ac] cedilla cedilla accent
379 ¨ \[ad] dieresis umlaut or dieresis
380 ˇ \[ah] caron hácˇek accent
381 ˚ \[ao] ring ring or circle accent
382 ~ \[a~] tilde tilde accent
383 ˛ \[ho] ogonek hook or ogonek accent
384 ^ \[ha] asciicircum ASCII circumflex, hat, caret
385 ~ \[ti] asciitilde ASCII tilde, large tilde
386 Quotes
388 „ \[Bq] quotedblbase low double comma quote
389 ‚ \[bq] quotesinglbase low single comma quote
390 “ \[lq] quotedblleft
391 ” \[rq] quotedblright
392 ‘ \[oq] quoteleft single open quote
393 ’ \[cq] quoteright single closing quote (ASCII 39)
394 ' \[aq] quotesingle apostrophe quote
395 " \[dq] quotedbl double quote (ASCII 34)
396 « \[Fo] guillemotleft
397 » \[Fc] guillemotright
398 ‹ \[fo] guilsinglleft
399 › \[fc] guilsinglright
400 Punctuation
402 ¡ \[r!] exclamdown
403 ¿ \[r?] questiondown
404 — \[em] emdash em dash
405 – \[en] endash en dash
406 ‐ \[hy] hyphen
407 Brackets
409 [ \[lB] bracketleft
410 ] \[rB] bracketright
411 { \[lC] braceleft
412 } \[rC] braceright
413 ⟨ \[la] angleleft left angle bracket
414 ⟩ \[ra] angleright right angle bracket
415 Arrows
417 ← \[<-] arrowleft
418 → \[->] arrowright
419 ↔ \[<>] arrowboth horizontal double-headed arrow
420 ↓ \[da] arrowdown
421 ↑ \[ua] arrowup
422 ↕ \[va] arrowupdn vertical double-headed arrow
423 ⇐ \[lA] arrowdblleft
424 ⇒ \[rA] arrowdblright
425 ⇔ \[hA] arrowdblboth horizontal double-headed double arrow
426 ⇓ \[dA] arrowdbldown
427 ⇑ \[uA] arrowdblup
428 ⇕ \[vA] vertical double-headed double arrow
429 ⎯ \[an] arrowhorizex horizontal arrow extension
430 Lines
432 ℏ \[-h] hbar
433 | \[or] bar
434 | \[ba] bar
435 │ \[br] br box rule with traditional troff metrics
436 _ \[ru] ru baseline rule
437 _ \[ul] ul underline with traditional troff metrics
438 ⎪ \[bv] bv bar vertical
439 ¦ \[bb] brokenbar
440 / \[sl] slash
441 \ \[rs] backslash
442 Text markers
444 ○ \[ci] circle
445 · \[bu] bullet
446 ‡ \[dd] daggerdbl double dagger sign
447 † \[dg] dagger
448 ◊ \[lz] lozenge
449 □ \[sq] square
450 ¶ \[ps] paragraph
451 § \[sc] section
452 ☜ \[lh] handleft
453 ☞ \[rh] handright
454 @ \[at] at
455 # \[sh] numbersign
456 ↵ \[CR] carriagereturn carriage return symbol
457 ✓ \[OK] a19 check mark, tick
458 Legalize
460 © \[co] copyright
461 ® \[rg] registered
462 ™ \[tm] trademark
463 Currency symbols
465 $ \[Do] dollar
466 ¢ \[ct] cent
467 € \[eu] official Euro symbol
468 € \[Eu] Euro font-specific Euro glyph variant
469 ¥ \[Ye] yen
470 £ \[Po] sterling British currency sign
471 ¤ \[Cs] currency Scandinavian currency sign
472 ƒ \[Fn] florin Dutch currency sign
473 Units
475 ° \[de] degree
476 ‰ \[%0] perthousand per thousand, per mille sign
477 ′ \[fm] minute footmark, prime
478 ″ \[sd] second
479 µ \[mc] mu micro sign
480 ª \[Of] ordfeminine
481 º \[Om] ordmasculine
482 Logical Symbols
484 ∧ \[AN] logicaland
485 ∨ \[OR] logicalor
486 ¬ \[no] logicalnot
487 ∃ \[te] existential there exists, existential quantifier
488 ∀ \[fa] universal for all, universal quantifier
489 ∋ \[st] suchthat
490 ∴ \[3d] therefore
491 ∴ \[tf] therefore
492 Mathematical Symbols
494 ½ \[12] onehalf
495 ¼ \[14] onequarter
496 ¾ \[34] threequarters
497 ¹ \[S1] onesuperior
498 ² \[S2] twosuperior
499 ³ \[S3] threesuperior
500 + \[pl] plusmath plus sign in special font
501 - \- minus minus sign from current font
502 ∓ \[-+] minusplus
503 ± \[+-] plusminus
504 ± \[t+-] plusminus text variant of `+-'
505 · \[pc] periodcentered multiplication dot
506 ⋅ \[md] dotmath
507 × \[mu] multiply
508 × \[tmu] multiply text variant of `mu'
509 ⊗ \[c*] circlemultiply multiply sign in a circle
510 ⊕ \[c+] circleplus plus sign in a circle
511 ÷ \[di] divide division sign
512 ÷ \[tdi] divide text variant of `di'
513 ⁄ \[f/] fraction bar for fractions
514 ∗ \[**] asteriskmath
515 ≤ \[<=] lessequal
516 ≥ \[>=] greaterequal
517 ≪ \[<<] much less
518 ≫ \[>>] much greater
519 ≠ \[!=] notequal
520 = \[eq] equalmath equals sign in special font
521 ≡ \[==] equivalence
522 ≅ \[=~] congruent
523 ∼ \[ap] similar
524 ≈ \[~~] approxequal
525 ≈ \[~=] approxequal
526 ∝ \[pt] proportional
527 ∅ \[es] emptyset
528 ∈ \[mo] element
529 ∉ \[nm] notelement
530 ⊄ \[nb] notsubset
531 ⊅ \[nc] notpropersuperset
532 ≢ \[ne] notequivalence
533 ⊂ \[sb] propersubset
534 ⊃ \[sp] propersuperset
535 ⊆ \[ib] reflexsubset
536 ⊇ \[ip] reflexsuperset
537 ∩ \[ca] intersection intersection, cap
538 ∪ \[cu] union union, cup
539 ∠ \[/_] angle
540 ⊥ \[pp] perpendicular
541 ∫ \[is] integral
542 ∑ \[sum] sum
543 ∏ \[product] product
544 ∇ \[gr] gradient
545 √ \[sr] radical square root
546 ‾ \[rn] overline
547 ∞ \[if] infinity
548 ℵ \[Ah] aleph
549 ℑ \[Im] Ifraktur Gothic I, imaginary
550 ℜ \[Re] Rfraktur Gothic R, real
551 ℘ \[wp] weierstrass Weierstrass p
552 ∂ \[pd] partialdiff partial differentiation sign
553 Greek characters
555 Α \[*A] Alpha
556 Β \[*B] Beta
557 Ξ \[*C] Xi
558 Δ \[*D] Delta
559 Ε \[*E] Epsilon
560 Φ \[*F] Phi
561 Γ \[*G] Gamma
562 Θ \[*H] Theta
563 Ι \[*I] Iota
564 Κ \[*K] Kappa
565 Λ \[*L] Lambda
566 Μ \[*M] Mu
567 Ν \[*N] Nu
568 Ο \[*O] Omicron
569 Π \[*P] Pi
570 Ψ \[*Q] Psi
571 Ρ \[*R] Rho
572 Σ \[*S] Sigma
573 Τ \[*T] Tau
574 Υ \[*U] Upsilon
575 Ω \[*W] Omega
576 Χ \[*X] Chi
577 Η \[*Y] Eta
578 Ζ \[*Z] Zeta
579 α \[*a] alpha
580 β \[*b] beta
581 ξ \[*c] xi
582 δ \[*d] delta
583 ε \[*e] epsilon
584 ϕ \[*f] phi
585 φ \[+f] phi1 variant phi
586 γ \[*g] gamma
587 θ \[*h] theta
588 ϑ \[+h] theta1 variant theta
589 ι \[*i] iota
590 κ \[*k] kappa
591 λ \[*l] lambda
592 μ \[*m] mu
593 ν \[*n] nu
594 ο \[*o] omicron
595 π \[*p] pi
596 ϖ \[+p] omega1 variant pi, looking like omega
597 ψ \[*q] psi
598 ρ \[*r] rho
599 σ \[*s] sigma
600 τ \[*t] tau
601 υ \[*u] upsilon
602 ω \[*w] omega
603 χ \[*x] chi
604 η \[*y] eta
605 ζ \[*z] zeta
606 ς \[ts] sigma1 terminal sigma
607 Card symbols
609 ♣ \[CL] club club suit
610 ♠ \[SP] spade spade suit
611 ♥ \[HE] heart heart suit
612 ♦ \[DI] diamond diamond suit
613
615 Copyright © 1989-2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
616 This document is distributed under the terms of the FDL (GNU Free Docu‐
618 mentation License) version 1.1 or later. You should have received a
619 copy of the FDL on your system, it is also available on-line at the GNU
620 copyleft site ⟨http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html⟩.
621 This document is part of groff, the GNU roff distribution. It was
623 written by James Clark ⟨jjc@jclark.com⟩ with additions by Werner Lem‐
624 berg ⟨wl@gnu.org⟩ and Bernd Warken ⟨bwarken@mayn.de⟩.
625
627 groff(1)
628 the GNU roff formatter.
629 groff(7)
631 a short reference of the groff formatting language.
632 An extension to the troff character set for Europe, E.G. Keizer, K.J.
634 Simonsen, J. Akkerhuis; EUUG Newsletter, Volume 9, No. 2, Summer 1989
635 The Unicode Standard ⟨http://www.unicode.org⟩
637Groff Version 1.18.1.4 20 July 2002 GROFF_CHAR(7)