1GROFF_CHAR(7) Miscellaneous Information Manual GROFF_CHAR(7)
2
6 groff_char - groff glyph names
7
9 This manual page lists the standard groff glyph names and the default
10 input mapping, latin1. The glyphs in this document look different
11 depending on which output device was chosen (with option -T for the
12 man(1) program or the roff formatter). Glyphs not available for the
13 device that is being used to print or view this manual page are marked
14 with `(N/A)'; the device currently used is `utf8'.
15 In the actual version, groff provides only 8-bit characters for direct
17 input and named entities for further glyphs. On ASCII platforms, input
18 character codes in the range 0 to 127 (decimal) represent the usual
19 7-bit ASCII characters, while codes between 127 and 255 are interpreted
20 as the corresponding characters in the latin1 (ISO-8859-1) code set by
21 default. This mapping is contained in the file latin1.tmac and can be
22 changed by loading a different input encoding. Note that some of the
23 input characters are reserved by groff, either for internal use or for
24 special input purposes. On EBCDIC platforms, only code page cp1047 is
25 supported (which contains the same characters as latin1; the input
26 encoding file is called cp1047.tmac). Again, some input characters are
27 reserved for internal and special purposes.
28 All roff systems provide the concept of named glyphs. In traditional
30 roff systems, only names of length 2 were used, while groff also pro‐
31 vides support for longer names. It is strongly suggested that only
32 named glyphs are used for all character representations outside of the
33 printable 7-bit ASCII range.
34 Some of the predefined groff escape sequences (with names of length 1)
36 also produce single glyphs; these exist for historical reasons or are
37 printable versions of syntactical characters. They include `\\', `\´',
38 `\`', `\-', `\.', and `\e'; see groff(7).
39 In groff, all of these different types of characters and glyphs can be
41 tested positively with the `.if c' conditional.
42
44 In this section, the glyphs in groff are specified in tabular form.
45 The meaning of the columns is as follows.
46 Output shows how the glyph is printed for the current device; although
48 this can have quite a different shape on other devices, it
49 always represents the same glyph.
50 Input specifies how the glyph is input either directly by a key on the
52 keyboard, or by a groff escape sequence.
53 Code applies to glyphs which can be input with a single character,
55 and gives the ISO latin1 decimal code of that input character.
56 Note that this code is equivalent to the lowest 256 Unicode
57 characters, including 7-bit ASCII in the range 0 to 127.
58 PostScript
60 gives the usual PostScript name of the glyph.
61 Unicode
63 is the glyph name used in composite glyph names.
64 7-bit Character Codes 32–126
66 These are the basic glyphs having 7-bit ASCII code values assigned.
67 They are identical to the printable characters of the character stan‐
68 dards ISO-8859-1 (latin1) and Unicode (range Basic Latin). The glyph
69 names used in composite glyph names are `u0020' up to `u007E'.
70 Note that input characters in the range 0-31 and character 127 are not
72 printable characters. Most of them are invalid input characters for
73 groff anyway, and the valid ones have special meaning. For EBCDIC, the
74 printable characters are in the range 66-255.
75 48-57 Decimal digits 0 to 9 (print as themselves).
77 65-90 Upper case letters A-Z (print as themselves).
79 97-122 Lower case letters a–z (print as themselves).
81 Most of the remaining characters not in the just described ranges print
83 as themselves; the only exceptions are the following characters:
84 ` the ISO latin1 `Grave Accent' (code 96) prints as `, a left sin‐
86 gle quotation mark; the original character can be obtained with
87 `\`'.
88 ' the ISO latin1 `Apostrophe' (code 39) prints as ', a right sin‐
90 gle quotation mark; the original character can be obtained with
91 `\(aq'.
92 - the ISO latin1 `Hyphen, Minus Sign' (code 45) prints as a
94 hyphen; a minus sign can be obtained with `\-'.
95 ~ the ISO latin1 `Tilde' (code 126) is reduced in size to be
97 usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with
98 `\(ti'.
99 ^ the ISO latin1 `Circumflex Accent' (code 94) is reduced in size
101 to be usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with
102 `\(ha'.
103 Output Input Code PostScript Unicode Notes
105 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
106 ! ! 33 exclam u0021
107 " " 34 quotedbl u0022
108 # # 35 numbersign u0023
109 $ $ 36 dollar u0024
110 % % 37 percent u0025
111 & & 38 ampersand u0026
112 ' ' 39 quoteright u0027
113 ( ( 40 parenleft u0028
114 ) ) 41 parenright u0029
115 * * 42 asterisk u002A
116 + + 43 plus u002B
117 , , 44 comma u002C
118 - - 45 hyphen u2010
119 . . 46 period u002E
120 / / 47 slash u002F
121 : : 58 colon u003A
122 ; ; 59 semicolon u003B
123 < < 60 less u003C
124 = = 61 equal u003D
125 > > 62 greater u003E
126 ? ? 63 question u003F
127 @ @ 64 at u0040
128 [ [ 91 bracketleft u005B
129 \ \ 92 backslash u005C
130 ] ] 93 bracketright u005D
131 ^ ^ 94 circumflex u005E circumflex accent
132 _ _ 95 underscore u005F
133 ` ` 96 quoteleft u0060
134 { { 123 braceleft u007B
136 | | 124 bar u007C
137 } } 125 braceright u007D
138 ~ ~ 126 tilde u007E tilde accent
139 8-bit Character Codes 160 to 255
141 They are interpreted as printable characters according to the latin1
142 (ISO-8859-1) code set, being identical to the Unicode range Latin-1
143 Supplement.
144 Input characters in range 128-159 (on non-EBCDIC hosts) are not print‐
146 able characters.
147 160 the ISO latin1 no-break space is mapped to `\~', the stretchable
149 space character.
150 173 the soft hyphen control character. groff never uses this char‐
152 acter for output (thus it is omitted in the table below); the
153 input character 173 is mapped onto `\%'.
154 The remaining ranges (161-172, 174-255) are printable characters that
156 print as themselves. Although they can be specified directly with the
157 keyboard on systems with a latin1 code page, it is better to use their
158 glyph names; see next section.
159 Output Input Code PostScript Unicode Notes
161 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
162 ¡ ¡ 161 exclamdown u00A1 inverted exclamation mark
163 ¢ ¢ 162 cent u00A2
164 £ £ 163 sterling u00A3
165 ¤ ¤ 164 currency u00A4
166 ¥ ¥ 165 yen u00A5
167 ¦ ¦ 166 brokenbar u00A6
168 § § 167 section u00A7
169 ¨ ¨ 168 dieresis u00A8
170 © © 169 copyright u00A9
171 ª ª 170 ordfeminine u00AA
172 « « 171 guillemotleft u00AB
173 ¬ ¬ 172 logicalnot u00AC
174 ® ® 174 registered u00AE
175 ¯ ¯ 175 macron u00AF
176 ° ° 176 degree u00B0
177 ± ± 177 plusminus u00B1
178 ² ² 178 twosuperior u00B2
179 ³ ³ 179 threesuperior u00B3
180 ´ ´ 180 acute u00B4 acute accent
181 µ µ 181 mu u00B5 micro sign
182 ¶ ¶ 182 paragraph u00B6
183 · · 183 periodcentered u00B7
184 ¸ ¸ 184 cedilla u00B8
185 ¹ ¹ 185 onesuperior u00B9
186 º º 186 ordmasculine u00BA
187 » » 187 guillemotright u00BB
188 ¼ ¼ 188 onequarter u00BC
189 ½ ½ 189 onehalf u00BD
190 ¾ ¾ 190 threequarters u00BE
191 ¿ ¿ 191 questiondown u00BF
192 À À 192 Agrave u0041_0300
193 Á Á 193 Aacute u0041_0301
194 Â Â 194 Acircumflex u0041_0302
195 Ã Ã 195 Atilde u0041_0303
196 Ä Ä 196 Adieresis u0041_0308
197 Å Å 197 Aring u0041_030A
198 Æ Æ 198 AE u00C6
199 Ç Ç 199 Ccedilla u0043_0327
200 È È 200 Egrave u0045_0300
201 É É 201 Eacute u0045_0301
203 Ê Ê 202 Ecircumflex u0045_0302
204 Ë Ë 203 Edieresis u0045_0308
205 Ì Ì 204 Igrave u0049_0300
206 Í Í 205 Iacute u0049_0301
207 Î Î 206 Icircumflex u0049_0302
208 Ï Ï 207 Idieresis u0049_0308
209 Ð Ð 208 Eth u00D0
210 Ñ Ñ 209 Ntilde u004E_0303
211 Ò Ò 210 Ograve u004F_0300
212 Ó Ó 211 Oacute u004F_0301
213 Ô Ô 212 Ocircumflex u004F_0302
214 Õ Õ 213 Otilde u004F_0303
215 Ö Ö 214 Odieresis u004F_0308
216 × × 215 multiply u00D7
217 Ø Ø 216 Oslash u00D8
218 Ù Ù 217 Ugrave u0055_0300
219 Ú Ú 218 Uacute u0055_0301
220 Û Û 219 Ucircumflex u0055_0302
221 Ü Ü 220 Udieresis u0055_0308
222 Ý Ý 221 Yacute u0059_0301
223 Þ Þ 222 Thorn u00DE
224 ß ß 223 germandbls u00DF
225 à à 224 agrave u0061_0300
226 á á 225 aacute u0061_0301
227 â â 226 acircumflex u0061_0302
228 ã ã 227 atilde u0061_0303
229 ä ä 228 adieresis u0061_0308
230 å å 229 aring u0061_030A
231 æ æ 230 ae u00E6
232 ç ç 231 ccedilla u0063_0327
233 è è 232 egrave u0065_0300
234 é é 233 eacute u0065_0301
235 ê ê 234 ecircumflex u0065_0302
236 ë ë 235 edieresis u0065_0308
237 ì ì 236 igrave u0069_0300
238 í í 237 iacute u0069_0301
239 î î 238 icircumflex u0069_0302
240 ï ï 239 idieresis u0069_0308
241 ð ð 240 eth u00F0
242 ñ ñ 241 ntilde u006E_0303
243 ò ò 242 ograve u006F_0300
244 ó ó 243 oacute u006F_0301
245 ô ô 244 ocircumflex u006F_0302
246 õ õ 245 otilde u006F_0303
247 ö ö 246 odieresis u006F_0308
248 ÷ ÷ 247 divide u00F7
249 ø ø 248 oslash u00F8
250 ù ù 249 ugrave u0075_0300
251 ú ú 250 uacute u0075_0301
252 û û 251 ucircumflex u0075_0302
253 ü ü 252 udieresis u0075_0308
254 ý ý 253 yacute u0079_0301
255 þ þ 254 thorn u00FE
256 ÿ ÿ 255 ydieresis u0079_0308
257 Named Glyphs
259 Glyph names can be embedded into the document text by using escape
260 sequences. groff(7) describes how these escape sequences look. Glyph
261 names can consist of quite arbitrary characters from the ASCII or
262 latin1 code set, not only alphanumeric characters. Here some examples:
263 \(ch A glyph having the 2-character name ch.
265 \[char_name]
267 A glyph having the name char_name (having length 1, 2, 3, ...).
268 Note that `c' is not the same as `\[c]' (c a single character):
269 The latter is internally mapped to glyph name `\c'. By default,
270 groff defines a single glyph name starting with a backslash,
271 namely `\-', which can be either accessed as `\-' or `\[-]'.
272 \[base_glyph composite_1 composite_2 ...]
274 A composite glyph; see below for a more detailed description.
275 In groff, each 8-bit input character can also referred to by the con‐
277 struct `\[charn]' where n is the decimal code of the character, a num‐
278 ber between 0 and 255 without leading zeros (those entities are not
279 glyph names). They are normally mapped onto glyphs using the .trin
280 request. Another special convention is the handling of glyphs with
281 names directly derived from a Unicode code point; this is discussed
282 below. Moreover, new glyph names can be created by the .char request;
283 see groff(7).
284 In the following, a plus sign in the `Notes' column indicates that this
286 particular glyph name appears in the PS version of the original troff
287 documentation, CSTR 54.
288 Entries marked with `***' denote glyphs for mathematical purposes
290 (mainly used for DVI output). Normally, such glyphs have metrics which
291 make them unusable in normal text.
292 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
294 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
295 Ð \[-D] Eth u00D0 uppercase eth
296 ð \[Sd] eth u00F0 lowercase eth
297 Þ \[TP] Thorn u00DE uppercase thorn
298 þ \[Tp] thorn u00FE lowercase thorn
299 ß \[ss] germandbls u00DF German sharp s
300 Ligatures and Other Latin Glyphs
302 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
304 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
305 ff \[ff] ff u0066_0066 ff ligature +
306 fi \[fi] fi u0066_0069 fi ligature +
307 fl \[fl] fl u0066_006C fl ligature +
308 ffi \[Fi] ffi u0066_0066_0069 ffi ligature +
309 ffl \[Fl] ffl u0066_0066_006C ffl ligature +
310 Ł \[/L] Lslash u0141 (Polish)
311 ł \[/l] lslash u0142 (Polish)
312 Ø \[/O] Oslash u00D8 (Scandinavian)
313 ø \[/o] oslash u00F8 (Scandinavian)
314 Æ \[AE] AE u00C6
315 æ \[ae] ae u00E6
316 Π\[OE] OE u0152
317 œ \[oe] oe u0153
318 IJ \[IJ] IJ u0132 (Dutch)
319 ij \[ij] ij u0133 (Dutch)
320 ı \[.i] dotlessi u0131 (Turkish)
321 ȷ \[.j] dotlessj u0237 j without a dot
322 Accented Characters
324 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
326 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
327 Á \['A] Aacute u0041_0301
328 Ć \['C] Cacute u0043_0301
329 É \['E] Eacute u0045_0301
330 Í \['I] Iacute u0049_0301
331 Ó \['O] Oacute u004F_0301
332 Ú \['U] Uacute u0055_0301
333 Ý \['Y] Yacute u0059_0301
334 á \['a] aacute u0061_0301
335 ć \['c] cacute u0063_0301
337 é \['e] eacute u0065_0301
338 í \['i] iacute u0069_0301
339 ó \['o] oacute u006F_0301
340 ú \['u] uacute u0075_0301
341 ý \['y] yacute u0079_0301
342 Ä \[:A] Adieresis u0041_0308 A with umlaut
343 Ë \[:E] Edieresis u0045_0308
344 Ï \[:I] Idieresis u0049_0308
345 Ö \[:O] Odieresis u004F_0308
346 Ü \[:U] Udieresis u0055_0308
347 Ÿ \[:Y] Ydieresis u0059_0308
348 ä \[:a] adieresis u0061_0308
349 ë \[:e] edieresis u0065_0308
350 ï \[:i] idieresis u0069_0308
351 ö \[:o] odieresis u006F_0308
352 ü \[:u] udieresis u0075_0308
353 ÿ \[:y] ydieresis u0079_0308
354 Â \[^A] Acircumflex u0041_0302
355 Ê \[^E] Ecircumflex u0045_0302
356 Î \[^I] Icircumflex u0049_0302
357 Ô \[^O] Ocircumflex u004F_0302
358 Û \[^U] Ucircumflex u0055_0302
359 â \[^a] acircumflex u0061_0302
360 ê \[^e] ecircumflex u0065_0302
361 î \[^i] icircumflex u0069_0302
362 ô \[^o] ocircumflex u006F_0302
363 û \[^u] ucircumflex u0075_0302
364 À \[`A] Agrave u0041_0300
365 È \[`E] Egrave u0045_0300
366 Ì \[`I] Igrave u0049_0300
367 Ò \[`O] Ograve u004F_0300
368 Ù \[`U] Ugrave u0055_0300
369 à \[`a] agrave u0061_0300
370 è \[`e] egrave u0065_0300
371 ì \[`i] igrave u0069_0300
372 ò \[`o] ograve u006F_0300
373 ù \[`u] ugrave u0075_0300
374 Ã \[~A] Atilde u0041_0303
375 Ñ \[~N] Ntilde u004E_0303
376 Õ \[~O] Otilde u004F_0303
377 ã \[~a] atilde u0061_0303
378 ñ \[~n] ntilde u006E_0303
379 õ \[~o] otilde u006F_0303
380 Š \[vS] Scaron u0053_030C
381 š \[vs] scaron u0073_030C
382 Ž \[vZ] Zcaron u005A_030C
383 ž \[vz] zcaron u007A_030C
384 Ç \[,C] Ccedilla u0043_0327
385 ç \[,c] ccedilla u0063_0327
386 Å \[oA] Aring u0041_030A
387 å \[oa] aring u0061_030A
388 Accents
390 The composite request is used to map most of the accents to non-spacing
392 glyph names; the values given in parentheses are the original (spacing)
393 ones.
394 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
396 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
397 ˝ \[a"] hungarumlaut u030B (u02DD) (Hungarian)
398 ¯ \[a-] macron u0304 (u00AF)
399 ˙ \[a.] dotaccent u0307 (u02D9)
400 ^ \[a^] circumfle u0302 (u005E)
401 ´ \[aa] acute u0301 (u00B4) +
402 ` \[ga] grave u0300 (u0060) +
404 ˘ \[ab] breve u0306 (u02D8)
405 ¸ \[ac] cedilla u0327 (u00B8)
406 ¨ \[ad] dieresis u0308 (u00A8) umlaut
407 ˇ \[ah] caron u030C (u02C7)
408 ˚ \[ao] ring u030A (u02DA) circle
409 ~ \[a~] tilde u0303 (u007E)
410 ˛ \[ho] ogonek u0328 (u02DB) hook
411 ^ \[ha] asciicircum u005E (spacing)
412 ~ \[ti] asciitilde u007E (spacing)
413 Quotes
415 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
417 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
418 „ \[Bq] quotedblbase u201E low double comma quote
419 ‚ \[bq] quotesinglbase u201A low single comma quote
420 “ \[lq] quotedblleft u201C
421 ” \[rq] quotedblright u201D
422 ‘ \[oq] quoteleft u2018 single open quote
423 ’ \[cq] quoteright u2019 single closing quote
424 ' \[aq] quotesingle u0027 apostrophe quote (ASCII 39)
425 " \[dq] quotedbl u0022 double quote (ASCII 34)
426 « \[Fo] guillemotleft u00AB
427 » \[Fc] guillemotright u00BB
428 ‹ \[fo] guilsinglleft u2039
429 › \[fc] guilsinglright u203A
430 Punctuation
432 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
434 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
435 ¡ \[r!] exclamdown u00A1
436 ¿ \[r?] questiondown u00BF
437 — \[em] emdash u2014 +
438 – \[en] endash u2013
439 ‐ \[hy] hyphen u2010 +
440 Brackets
442 The extensible bracket pieces are font-invariant glyphs. In classical
444 troff only one glyph was available to vertically extend brackets,
445 braces, and parentheses: `bv'. We map it rather arbitrarily to u23AA.
446 Note that not all devices contain extensible bracket pieces which can
448 be piled up with `\b' due to the restrictions of the escape's piling
449 algorithm. A general solution to build brackets out of pieces is the
450 following macro:
451 .\" Make a pile centered vertically 0.5em
453 .\" above the baseline.
454 .\" The first argument is placed at the top.
455 .\" The pile is returned in string `pile'
456 .eo
457 .de pile-make
458 . nr pile-wd 0
459 . nr pile-ht 0
460 . ds pile-args
461 .
462 . nr pile-# \n[.$]
463 . while \n[pile-#] \{\
464 . nr pile-wd (\n[pile-wd] >? \w'\$[\n[pile-#]]')
465 . nr pile-ht +(\n[rst] - \n[rsb])
466 . as pile-args \v'\n[rsb]u'\"
467 . as pile-args \Z'\$[\n[pile-#]]'\"
468 . as pile-args \v'-\n[rst]u'\"
469 . nr pile-# -1
470 . \}
471 .
472 . ds pile \v'(-0.5m + (\n[pile-ht]u / 2u))'\"
473 . as pile \*[pile-args]\"
474 . as pile \v'((\n[pile-ht]u / 2u) + 0.5m)'\"
475 . as pile \h'\n[pile-wd]u'\"
476 ..
477 .ec
478 Another complication is the fact that some glyphs which represent
480 bracket pieces in original troff can be used for other mathematical
481 symbols also, for example `lf' and `rf' which provide the `floor' oper‐
482 ator. Other devices (most notably for DVI output) don't unify such
483 glyphs. For this reason, the four glyphs `lf', `rf', `lc', and `rc'
484 are not unified with similarly looking bracket pieces. In groff, only
485 glyphs with long names are guaranteed to pile up correctly for all
486 devices (provided those glyphs exist).
487 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
489 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
490 [ \[lB] bracketleft u005B
491 ] \[rB] bracketright u005D
492 { \[lC] braceleft u007B
493 } \[rC] braceright u007D
494 ⟨ \[la] angleleft u27E8 left angle bracket
495 ⟩ \[ra] angleright u27E9 right angle bracket
496 ⎪ \[bv] braceex u23AA vertical extension *** +
498 ⎪ \[braceex] braceex u23AA
499 ⎡ \[bracketlefttp] bracketlefttp u23A1
501 ⎣ \[bracketleftbt] bracketleftbt u23A3
502 ⎢ \[bracketleftex] bracketleftex u23A2
503 ⎤ \[bracketrighttp]bracketrighttp u23A4
504 ⎦ \[bracketrightbt]bracketrightbt u23A6
505 ⎥ \[bracketrightex]bracketrightex u23A5
506 ╭ \[lt] bracelefttp u23A7 +
508 ⎧ \[bracelefttp] bracelefttp u23A7
509 ┥ \[lk] braceleftmid u23A8 +
510 ⎨ \[braceleftmid] braceleftmid u23A8
511 ╰ \[lb] braceleftbt u23A9 +
512 ⎩ \[braceleftbt] braceleftbt u23A9
513 ⎪ \[braceleftex] braceleftex u23AA
514 ╮ \[rt] bracerighttp u23AB +
515 ⎫ \[bracerighttp] bracerighttp u23AB
516 ┝ \[rk] bracerightmid u23AC +
517 ⎬ \[bracerightmid] bracerightmid u23AC
518 ╯ \[rb] bracerightbt u23AD +
519 ⎭ \[bracerightbt] bracerightbt u23AD
520 ⎪ \[bracerightex] bracerightex u23AA
521 ⎛ \[parenlefttp] parenlefttp u239B
522 ⎝ \[parenleftbt] parenleftbt u239D
523 ⎜ \[parenleftex] parenleftex u239C
524 ⎞ \[parenrighttp] parenrighttp u239E
525 ⎠ \[parenrightbt] parenrightbt u23A0
526 ⎟ \[parenrightex] parenrightex u239F
527 Arrows
529 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
531 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
532 ← \[<-] arrowleft u2190 +
533 → \[->] arrowright u2192 +
534 ↔ \[<>] arrowboth u2194 (horizontal)
535 ↓ \[da] arrowdown u2193 +
536 ↑ \[ua] arrowup u2191 +
538 ↕ \[va] arrowupdn u2195
539 ⇐ \[lA] arrowdblleft u21D0
540 ⇒ \[rA] arrowdblright u21D2
541 ⇔ \[hA] arrowdblboth u21D4 (horizontal)
542 ⇓ \[dA] arrowdbldown u21D3
543 ⇑ \[uA] arrowdblup u21D1
544 ⇕ \[vA] uni21D5 u21D5 vertical double-headed double arrow
545 ⎯ \[an] arrowhorizex u23AF horizontal arrow extension
546 Lines
548 The font-invariant glyphs `br', `ul', and `rn' form corners; they can
550 be used to build boxes. Note that both the PostScript and the Unicode-
551 derived names of these three glyphs are just rough approximations.
552 `rn' also serves in classical troff as the horizontal extension of the
554 square root sign.
555 `ru' is a font-invariant glyph, namely a rule of length 0.5m.
557 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
559 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
560 | \[ba] bar u007C
561 │ \[br] SF110000 u2502 box rule +
562 _ \[ul] underscore u005F +
563 ‾ \[rn] overline u203E +
564 _ \[ru] --- --- baseline rule +
565 ¦ \[bb] brokenbar u00A6
566 / \[sl] slash u002F +
567 \ \[rs] backslash u005C reverse solidus
568 Use `\[radicalex]', not `\[overline]', for continuation of square root.
570 Text markers
572 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
574 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
575 ○ \[ci] circle u25CB +
576 · \[bu] bullet u2022 +
577 ‡ \[dd] daggerdbl u2021 double dagger sign +
578 † \[dg] dagger u2020 +
579 ◊ \[lz] lozenge u25CA
580 □ \[sq] uni25A1 u25A1 white square +
581 ¶ \[ps] paragraph u00B6
582 § \[sc] section u00A7 +
583 ☜ \[lh] uni261C u261C hand pointing left +
584 ☞ \[rh] a14 u261E hand pointing right +
585 @ \[at] at u0040
586 # \[sh] numbersign u0023
587 ↵ \[CR] carriagereturn u21B5
588 ✓ \[OK] a19 u2713 check mark, tick
589 Legal Symbols
591 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
593 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
594 © \[co] copyright u00A9 +
595 ® \[rg] registered u00AE +
596 ™ \[tm] trademark u2122
597 \[bs] --- --- AT&T Bell Labs logo +
598 The Bell Labs logo is not supported in groff.
600 Currency symbols
602 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
604 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
605 $ \[Do] dollar u0024
606 ¢ \[ct] cent u00A2 +
607 € \[eu] --- u20AC official Euro symbol
608 € \[Eu] Euro u20AC font-specific Euro glyph variant
609 ¥ \[Ye] yen u00A5
610 £ \[Po] sterling u00A3 British currency sign
611 ¤ \[Cs] currency u00A4 Scandinavian currency sign
612 ƒ \[Fn] florin u0192 Dutch currency sign
613 Units
615 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
617 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
618 ° \[de] degree u00B0 +
619 ‰ \[%0] perthousand u2030 per thousand, per mille sign
620 ′ \[fm] minute u2032 footmark, prime +
621 ″ \[sd] second u2033
622 µ \[mc] mu u00B5 micro sign
623 ª \[Of] ordfeminine u00AA
624 º \[Om] ordmasculine u00BA
625 Logical Symbols
627 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
629 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
630 ∧ \[AN] logicaland u2227
631 ∨ \[OR] logicalor u2228
632 ¬ \[no] logicalnot u00AC +
633 ¬ \[tno] logicalnot u00AC text variant of `no'
634 ∃ \[te] existential u2203 there exists
635 ∀ \[fa] universal u2200 for all
636 ∋ \[st] suchthat u220B
637 ∴ \[3d] therefore u2234
638 ∴ \[tf] therefore u2234
639 | \[or] bar u007C bitwise OR operator (as used in C) +
640 Mathematical Symbols
642 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
644 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
645 ½ \[12] onehalf u00BD +
646 ¼ \[14] onequarter u00BC +
647 ¾ \[34] threequarters u00BE +
648 ⅛ \[18] oneeighth u215B
649 ⅜ \[38] threeeighths u215C
650 ⅝ \[58] fiveeighths u215D
651 ⅞ \[78] seveneighths u215E
652 ¹ \[S1] onesuperior u00B9
653 ² \[S2] twosuperior u00B2
654 ³ \[S3] threesuperior u00B3
655 + \[pl] plus u002B plus in special font +
657 − \[mi] minus u2212 minus in special font +
658 ∓ \[-+] uni2213 u2213
659 ± \[+-] plusminus u00B1 +
660 ± \[t+-] plusminus u00B1 text variant of `+-'
661 · \[pc] periodcentered u00B7
662 ⋅ \[md] dotmath u22C5 multiplication dot
663 × \[mu] multiply u00D7 +
664 × \[tmu] multiply u00D7 text variant of `mu'
665 ⊗ \[c*] circlemultiply u2297 multiply sign in a circle
666 ⊕ \[c+] circleplus u2295 plus in a circle
667 ÷ \[di] divide u00F7 division +
668 ÷ \[tdi] divide u00F7 text variant of `di'
669 ⁄ \[f/] fraction u2044 bar for fractions
670 ∗ \[**] asteriskmath u2217 +
672 ≤ \[<=] lessequal u2264 +
674 ≥ \[>=] greaterequal u2265 +
675 ≪ \[<<] uni226A u226A much less
676 ≫ \[>>] uni226B u226B much greater
677 = \[eq] equal u003D equals in special font +
678 ≠ \[!=] notequal u003D_0338 +
679 ≡ \[==] equivalence u2261 +
680 ≢ \[ne] uni2262 u2261_0338
681 ≅ \[=~] congruent u2245 approx. equal
682 ≃ \[|=] uni2243 u2243 asymptot. equal to +
683 ∼ \[ap] similar u223C +
684 ≈ \[~~] approxequal u2248 almost equal to
685 ≈ \[~=] approxequal u2248
686 ∝ \[pt] proportional u221D +
687 ∅ \[es] emptyset u2205 +
689 ∈ \[mo] element u2208 +
690 ∉ \[nm] notelement u2208_0338
691 ⊂ \[sb] propersubset u2282 +
692 ⊄ \[nb] notsubset u2282_0338
693 ⊃ \[sp] propersuperset u2283 +
694 ⊅ \[nc] uni2285 u2283_0338 not superset
695 ⊆ \[ib] reflexsubset u2286 +
696 ⊇ \[ip] reflexsuperset u2287 +
697 ∩ \[ca] intersection u2229 intersection, cap +
698 ∪ \[cu] union u222A union, cup +
699 ∠ \[/_] angle u2220
701 ⊥ \[pp] perpendicular u22A5
702 ∫ \[is] integral u222B +
703 ∫ \[integral] integral u222B ***
704 ∑ \[sum] summation u2211 ***
705 ∏ \[product] product u220F ***
706 ∐ \[coproduct] uni2210 u2210 ***
707 ∇ \[gr] gradient u2207 +
708 √ \[sr] radical u221A square root +
709 √ \[sqrt] radical u221A ***
710 \[radicalex] radicalex --- square root continuation
711 \[sqrtex] radicalex --- ***
712 ⌈ \[lc] uni2308 u2308 left ceiling +
714 ⌉ \[rc] uni2309 u2309 right ceiling +
715 ⌊ \[lf] uni230A u230A left floor +
716 ⌋ \[rf] uni230B u230B right floor +
717 ∞ \[if] infinity u221E +
719 ℵ \[Ah] aleph u2135
720 ℑ \[Im] Ifraktur u2111 Gothic I, imaginary
721 ℜ \[Re] Rfraktur u211C Gothic R, real
722 ℘ \[wp] weierstrass u2118 Weierstrass p
723 ∂ \[pd] partialdiff u2202 partial differentiation +
724 ℏ \[-h] uni210F u210F Planck constant / 2pi
725 ℏ \[hbar] uni210F u210F
726 Greek glyphs
728 These glyphs are intended for technical use, not for real Greek; nor‐
730 mally, the uppercase letters have upright shape, and the lowercase ones
731 are slanted. There is a problem with the mapping of letter phi to Uni‐
732 code. Prior to Unicode version 3.0, the difference between U+03C6,
733 GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI, and U+03D5, GREEK PHI SYMBOL, was not clearly
734 described; only the glyph shapes in the Unicode book could be used as a
735 reference. Starting with Unicode 3.0, the reference glyphs have been
736 exchanged and described verbally also: In mathematical context, U+03D5
737 is the stroked variant and U+03C6 the curly glyph. Unfortunately, most
738 font vendors didn't update their fonts to this (incompatible) change in
739 Unicode. At the time of this writing (January 2006), it is not clear
740 yet whether the Adobe Glyph Names `phi' and `phi1' also change its
741 meaning if used for mathematics, thus compatibility problems are likely
742 to happen – being conservative, groff currently assumes that `phi' in a
743 PostScript symbol font is the stroked version.
744 In groff, symbol `\[*f]' always denotes the stroked version of phi, and
746 `\[+f]' the curly variant.
747 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
749 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
750 Α \[*A] Alpha u0391 +
751 Β \[*B] Beta u0392 +
752 Γ \[*G] Gamma u0393 +
753 Δ \[*D] Delta u0394 +
754 Ε \[*E] Epsilon u0395 +
755 Ζ \[*Z] Zeta u0396 +
756 Η \[*Y] Eta u0397 +
757 Θ \[*H] Theta u0398 +
758 Ι \[*I] Iota u0399 +
759 Κ \[*K] Kappa u039A +
760 Λ \[*L] Lambda u039B +
761 Μ \[*M] Mu u039C +
762 Ν \[*N] Nu u039D +
763 Ξ \[*C] Xi u039E +
764 Ο \[*O] Omicron u039F +
765 Π \[*P] Pi u03A0 +
766 Ρ \[*R] Rho u03A1 +
767 Σ \[*S] Sigma u03A3 +
768 Τ \[*T] Tau u03A4 +
769 Υ \[*U] Upsilon u03A5 +
770 Φ \[*F] Phi u03A6 +
771 Χ \[*X] Chi u03A7 +
772 Ψ \[*Q] Psi u03A8 +
773 Ω \[*W] Omega u03A9 +
774 α \[*a] alpha u03B1 +
775 β \[*b] beta u03B2 +
776 γ \[*g] gamma u03B3 +
777 δ \[*d] delta u03B4 +
778 ε \[*e] epsilon u03B5 +
779 ζ \[*z] zeta u03B6 +
780 η \[*y] eta u03B7 +
781 θ \[*h] theta u03B8 +
782 ι \[*i] iota u03B9 +
783 κ \[*k] kappa u03BA +
784 λ \[*l] lambda u03BB +
785 μ \[*m] mu u03BC +
786 ν \[*n] nu u03BD +
787 ξ \[*c] xi u03BE +
788 ο \[*o] omicron u03BF +
789 π \[*p] pi u03C0 +
790 ρ \[*r] rho u03C1 +
791 ς \[ts] sigma1 u03C2 terminal sigma +
792 σ \[*s] sigma u03C3 +
793 τ \[*t] tau u03C4 +
794 υ \[*u] upsilon u03C5 +
795 ϕ \[*f] phi u03D5 (stroked glyph) +
796 χ \[*x] chi u03C7 +
797 ψ \[*q] psi u03C8 +
798 ω \[*w] omega u03C9 +
799 ϑ \[+h] theta1 u03D1 variant theta
800 φ \[+f] phi1 u03C6 variant phi (curly shape)
801 ϖ \[+p] omega1 u03D6 variant pi, looking like omega
802 ϵ \[+e] uni03F5 u03F5 variant epsilon
803 Card symbols
805 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
807 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
808 ♣ \[CL] club u2663 black club suit
809 ♠ \[SP] spade u2660 black spade suit
810 ♥ \[HE] heart u2665 black heart suit
811 ♡ \[u2661] uni2661 u2661 white heart suit
812 ♦ \[DI] diamond u2666 black diamond suit
813 ♢ \[u2662] uni2662 u2662 white diamond suit
814
816 Copyright © 1989-2004, 2006-2009, 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
817 This document is distributed under the terms of the FDL (GNU Free Docu‐
819 mentation License) version 1.3 or later. You should have received a
820 copy of the FDL on your system, it is also available on-line at the GNU
821 copyleft site ⟨http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html⟩.
822 This document is part of groff, the GNU roff distribution. It was
824 written by James Clark ⟨jjc@jclark.com⟩ with additions by Werner
825 Lemberg ⟨wl@gnu.org⟩ and Bernd Warken ⟨groff-bernd.warken-72@web.de⟩.
826
828 groff(1)
829 the GNU roff formatter
830 groff(7)
832 a short reference of the groff formatting language
833 An extension to the troff character set for Europe, E.G. Keizer, K.J.
835 Simonsen, J. Akkerhuis; EUUG Newsletter, Volume 9, No. 2, Summer 1989
836 The Unicode Standard ⟨http://www.unicode.org⟩
8381.22.2 7 February 2013 GROFF_CHAR(7)