1GROFF_CHAR(7) Miscellaneous Information Manual GROFF_CHAR(7)
2
6 groff_char - groff glyph names
7
9 This manual page lists the standard groff glyph names and the default
10 input mapping, latin1. The glyphs in this document look different
11 depending on which output device was chosen (with option -T for the
12 man(1) program or the roff formatter). Glyphs not available for the
13 device that is being used to print or view this manual page are marked
14 with ‘(N/A)’; the device currently used is ‘utf8’.
15 In the actual version, groff provides only 8-bit characters for direct
17 input and named entities for further glyphs. On ASCII platforms, input
18 character codes in the range 0 to 127 (decimal) represent the usual
19 7-bit ASCII characters, while codes between 127 and 255 are interpreted
20 as the corresponding characters in the latin1 (ISO-8859-1) code set by
21 default. This mapping is contained in the file latin1.tmac and can be
22 changed by loading a different input encoding. Note that some of the
23 input characters are reserved by groff, either for internal use or for
24 special input purposes. On EBCDIC platforms, only code page cp1047 is
25 supported (which contains the same characters as latin1; the input
26 encoding file is called cp1047.tmac). Again, some input characters are
27 reserved for internal and special purposes.
28 All roff systems provide the concept of named glyphs. In traditional
30 roff systems, only names of length 2 were used, while groff also pro‐
31 vides support for longer names. It is strongly suggested that only
32 named glyphs are used for all character representations outside of the
33 printable 7-bit ASCII range.
34 Some of the predefined groff escape sequences (with names of length 1)
36 also produce single glyphs; these exist for historical reasons or are
37 printable versions of syntactical characters. They include ‘\\’, ‘\´’,
38 ‘\`’, ‘\-’, ‘\.’, and ‘\e’; see groff(7).
39 In groff, all of these different types of characters and glyphs can be
41 tested positively with the ‘.if c’ conditional.
42
44 In this section, the glyphs in groff are specified in tabular form.
45 The meaning of the columns is as follows.
46 Output shows how the glyph is printed for the current device; although
48 this can have quite a different shape on other devices, it
49 always represents the same glyph.
50 Input specifies how the glyph is input either directly by a key on the
52 keyboard, or by a groff escape sequence.
53 Code applies to glyphs which can be input with a single character,
55 and gives the ISO latin1 decimal code of that input character.
56 Note that this code is equivalent to the lowest 256 Unicode
57 characters, including 7-bit ASCII in the range 0 to 127.
58 PostScript
60 gives the usual PostScript name of the glyph.
61 Unicode
63 is the glyph name used in composite glyph names. The names in
64 the Unicode column look like u0021 or u0041_0300. In groff, the
65 corresponding Unicode characters can be constructed by adding a
66 backslash and a pair of square brackets, for example \[u0021] or
67 \[u0041_0300].
68 7-bit Character Codes 32–126
70 These are the basic glyphs having 7-bit ASCII code values assigned.
71 They are identical to the printable characters of the character stan‐
72 dards ISO-8859-1 (latin1) and Unicode (range Basic Latin). The glyph
73 names used in composite glyph names are ‘u0020’ up to ‘u007E’.
74 Note that input characters in the range 0-31 and character 127 are not
76 printable characters. Most of them are invalid input characters for
77 groff anyway, and the valid ones have special meaning. For EBCDIC, the
78 printable characters are in the range 66-255.
79 48-57 Decimal digits 0 to 9 (print as themselves).
81 65-90 Upper case letters A-Z (print as themselves).
83 97-122 Lower case letters a–z (print as themselves).
85 Most of the remaining characters not in the just described ranges print
87 as themselves; the only exceptions are the following characters:
88 ` the ISO latin1 ‘Grave Accent’ (code 96) prints as ‘, a left sin‐
90 gle quotation mark; the original character can be obtained with
91 ‘\`’.
92 ' the ISO latin1 ‘Apostrophe’ (code 39) prints as ', a right sin‐
94 gle quotation mark; the original character can be obtained with
95 ‘\(aq’.
96 - the ISO latin1 ‘Hyphen, Minus Sign’ (code 45) prints as a
98 hyphen; a minus sign can be obtained with ‘\-’.
99 ~ the ISO latin1 ‘Tilde’ (code 126) is reduced in size to be
101 usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with
102 ‘\(ti’.
103 ^ the ISO latin1 ‘Circumflex Accent’ (code 94) is reduced in size
105 to be usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with
106 ‘\(ha’.
107 Output Input Code PostScript Unicode Notes
109 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
110 ! ! 33 exclam u0021 exclamation mark (bang)
111 " " 34 quotedbl u0022 double quote
112 # # 35 numbersign u0023 number sign
113 $ $ 36 dollar u0024 currency dollar sign
114 % % 37 percent u0025 percent
115 & & 38 ampersand u0026 ampersand
116 ' ' 39 quoteright u0027 right quote
117 ( ( 40 parenleft u0028 parentheses left
118 ) ) 41 parenright u0029 parentheses right
119 * * 42 asterisk u002A asterisk
120 + + 43 plus u002B plus
121 , , 44 comma u002C comma
122 - - 45 hyphen u2010 hyphen
123 . . 46 period u002E period, dot
124 / / 47 slash u002F slash
125 : : 58 colon u003A colon
126 ; ; 59 semicolon u003B semicolon
127 < < 60 less u003C less than
128 = = 61 equal u003D equal
129 > > 62 greater u003E greater than
130 ? ? 63 question u003F question mark
131 @ @ 64 at u0040 at
132 [ [ 91 bracketleft u005B square bracket left
134 \ \ 92 backslash u005C backslash
135 ] ] 93 bracketright u005D square bracket right
136 ^ ^ 94 circumflex u005E circumflex accent
137 _ _ 95 underscore u005F underscore
138 ` ` 96 quoteleft u0060 quote left
139 { { 123 braceleft u007B curly brace left
140 | | 124 bar u007C bar
141 } } 125 braceright u007D curly brace right
142 ~ ~ 126 tilde u007E tilde accent
143 8-bit Character Codes 160 to 255
145 They are interpreted as printable characters according to the latin1
146 (ISO-8859-1) code set, being identical to the Unicode range Latin-1
147 Supplement.
148 Input characters in range 128-159 (on non-EBCDIC hosts) are not print‐
150 able characters.
151 160 the ISO latin1 no-break space is mapped to ‘\~’, the stretchable
153 space character.
154 173 the soft hyphen control character. groff never uses this char‐
156 acter for output (thus it is omitted in the table below); the
157 input character 173 is mapped onto ‘\%’.
158 The remaining ranges (161-172, 174-255) are printable characters that
160 print as themselves. Although they can be specified directly with the
161 keyboard on systems with a latin1 code page, it is better to use their
162 glyph names; see next section.
163 Output Input Code PostScript Unicode Notes
165 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
166 ¡ ¡ 161 exclamdown u00A1 inverted exclamation mark
167 ¢ ¢ 162 cent u00A2 currency unit
168 £ £ 163 sterling u00A3 pound sterling
169 ¤ ¤ 164 currency u00A4 generic currency symbol
170 ¥ ¥ 165 yen u00A5 Japanese currency symbol
171 ¦ ¦ 166 brokenbar u00A6 broken bar
172 § § 167 section u00A7 section sign
173 ¨ ¨ 168 dieresis u00A8 dieresis (umlaut)
174 © © 169 copyright u00A9 copyright symbol
175 ª ª 170 ordfeminine u00AA feminine ordinal (Spanish)
176 « « 171 guillemotleft u00AB left guillemet [sic]
177 ¬ ¬ 172 logicalnot u00AC logical not
178 ® ® 174 registered u00AE registered mark symbol
179 ¯ ¯ 175 macron u00AF overbar accent
180 ° ° 176 degree u00B0 degree sign
181 ± ± 177 plusminus u00B1 plus-minus sign
182 ² ² 178 twosuperior u00B2 superscript 2
183 ³ ³ 179 threesuperior u00B3 superscript 3
184 ´ ´ 180 acute u00B4 acute accent
185 µ µ 181 mu u00B5 micro sign
186 ¶ ¶ 182 paragraph u00B6 end of paragraphs marker
187 · · 183 periodcentered u00B7 centered period
188 ¸ ¸ 184 cedilla u00B8 cedilla accent
189 ¹ ¹ 185 onesuperior u00B9 superscript 1
190 º º 186 ordmasculine u00BA masculine ordinal (Spanish)
191 » » 187 guillemotright u00BB right guillemet [sic]
192 ¼ ¼ 188 onequarter u00BC 1/4 symbol
193 ½ ½ 189 onehalf u00BD 1/2 symbol
194 ¾ ¾ 190 threequarters u00BE 3/4 symbol
195 ¿ ¿ 191 questiondown u00BF inverted question mark
196 À À 192 Agrave u0041_0300 A grave
197 Á Á 193 Aacute u0041_0301 A acute
198 Â Â 194 Acircumflex u0041_0302 A circumflex
200 Ã Ã 195 Atilde u0041_0303 A tilde
201 Ä Ä 196 Adieresis u0041_0308 A dieresis (umlaut)
202 Å Å 197 Aring u0041_030A A ring
203 Æ Æ 198 AE u00C6 A+E combined
204 Ç Ç 199 Ccedilla u0043_0327 C cedilla
205 È È 200 Egrave u0045_0300 E grave
206 É É 201 Eacute u0045_0301 E acute
207 Ê Ê 202 Ecircumflex u0045_0302 E circumflex
208 Ë Ë 203 Edieresis u0045_0308 E dieresis (umlaut)
209 Ì Ì 204 Igrave u0049_0300 I grave
210 Í Í 205 Iacute u0049_0301 I acute
211 Î Î 206 Icircumflex u0049_0302 I circumflex
212 Ï Ï 207 Idieresis u0049_0308 I dieresis
213 Ð Ð 208 Eth u00D0 E th
214 Ñ Ñ 209 Ntilde u004E_0303 N tilde
215 Ò Ò 210 Ograve u004F_0300 O grave
216 Ó Ó 211 Oacute u004F_0301 O acute
217 Ô Ô 212 Ocircumflex u004F_0302 O circumflex
218 Õ Õ 213 Otilde u004F_0303 O tilde
219 Ö Ö 214 Odieresis u004F_0308 O dieresis (umlaut)
220 × × 215 multiply u00D7 multiply
221 Ø Ø 216 Oslash u00D8 O slash
222 Ù Ù 217 Ugrave u0055_0300 U grave
223 Ú Ú 218 Uacute u0055_0301 U acute
224 Û Û 219 Ucircumflex u0055_0302 U circumflex
225 Ü Ü 220 Udieresis u0055_0308 U dieresis (umlaut)
226 Ý Ý 221 Yacute u0059_0301 Y acute
227 Þ Þ 222 Thorn u00DE Thorn
228 ß ß 223 germandbls u00DF German double s (sharp s)
229 à à 224 agrave u0061_0300 a grave
230 á á 225 aacute u0061_0301 a acute
231 â â 226 acircumflex u0061_0302 a circumflex
232 ã ã 227 atilde u0061_0303 a tilde
233 ä ä 228 adieresis u0061_0308 a dieresis (umlaut)
234 å å 229 aring u0061_030A a ring
235 æ æ 230 ae u00E6 a+e combined
236 ç ç 231 ccedilla u0063_0327 c cedilla
237 è è 232 egrave u0065_0300 e grave
238 é é 233 eacute u0065_0301 e acute
239 ê ê 234 ecircumflex u0065_0302 e circumflex
240 ë ë 235 edieresis u0065_0308 e dieresis (umlaut)
241 ì ì 236 igrave u0069_0300 i grave
242 í í 237 iacute u0069_0301 i acute
243 î î 238 icircumflex u0069_0302 i circumflex
244 ï ï 239 idieresis u0069_0308 i dieresis (umlaut)
245 ð ð 240 eth u00F0 e th
246 ñ ñ 241 ntilde u006E_0303 n tilde
247 ò ò 242 ograve u006F_0300 o grave
248 ó ó 243 oacute u006F_0301 o acute
249 ô ô 244 ocircumflex u006F_0302 o circumflex
250 õ õ 245 otilde u006F_0303 o tilde
251 ö ö 246 odieresis u006F_0308 o dieresis (umlaut)
252 ÷ ÷ 247 divide u00F7 divide
253 ø ø 248 oslash u00F8 o slash
254 ù ù 249 ugrave u0075_0300 u grave
255 ú ú 250 uacute u0075_0301 u acute
256 û û 251 ucircumflex u0075_0302 u circumflex
257 ü ü 252 udieresis u0075_0308 u dieresis (umlaut)
258 ý ý 253 yacute u0079_0301 y acute
259 þ þ 254 thorn u00FE thorn
260 ÿ ÿ 255 ydieresis u0079_0308 y dieresis (umlaut)
261 Named Glyphs
263 Glyph names can be embedded into the document text by using escape
264 sequences. groff(7) describes how these escape sequences look. Glyph
265 names can consist of quite arbitrary characters from the ASCII or
266 latin1 code set, not only alphanumeric characters. Here some examples:
267 \(ch A glyph having the 2-character name ch.
269 \[char_name]
271 A glyph having the name char_name (having length 1, 2, 3, ...).
272 Note that ‘c’ is not the same as ‘\[c]’ (c a single character):
273 The latter is internally mapped to glyph name ‘\c’. By default,
274 groff defines a single glyph name starting with a backslash,
275 namely ‘\-’, which can be either accessed as ‘\-’ or ‘\[-]’.
276 \[base_glyph composite_1 composite_2 ...]
278 A composite glyph; see below for a more detailed description.
279 In groff, each 8-bit input character can also referred to by the con‐
281 struct ‘\[charn]’ where n is the decimal code of the character, a num‐
282 ber between 0 and 255 without leading zeros (those entities are not
283 glyph names). They are normally mapped onto glyphs using the .trin
284 request.
285 Another special convention is the handling of glyphs with names
287 directly derived from a Unicode code point; this is shown in the ‘Uni‐
288 code’ column of the table below. In general, all glyphs not having a
289 name as listed in this manual page can be accessed with the ‘\[uXXXX]’
290 construct; please go to section ‘Using Symbols’ in the groff info man‐
291 ual for more details.
292 Moreover, new glyph names can be created by the .char request; see
294 groff(7).
295 In the following, a plus sign in the ‘Notes’ column indicates that this
297 particular glyph name appears in the PS version of the original troff
298 documentation, CSTR 54.
299 Entries marked with ‘***’ denote glyphs for mathematical purposes
301 (mainly used for DVI output). Normally, such glyphs have metrics which
302 make them unusable in normal text.
303 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
305 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
306 Ð \[-D] Eth u00D0 uppercase eth
307 ð \[Sd] eth u00F0 lowercase eth
308 Þ \[TP] Thorn u00DE uppercase thorn
309 þ \[Tp] thorn u00FE lowercase thorn
310 ß \[ss] germandbls u00DF German double s (sharp s)
311 Ligatures and Other Latin Glyphs
313 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
315 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
316 ff \[ff] ff u0066_0066 ff ligature +
317 fi \[fi] fi u0066_0069 fi ligature +
318 fl \[fl] fl u0066_006C fl ligature +
319 ffi \[Fi] ffi u0066_0066_0069 ffi ligature +
320 ffl \[Fl] ffl u0066_0066_006C ffl ligature +
321 Ł \[/L] Lslash u0141 L slash (Polish)
322 ł \[/l] lslash u0142 l slash (Polish)
323 Ø \[/O] Oslash u00D8 O slash (Scandinavian)
324 ø \[/o] oslash u00F8 o slash (Scandinavian)
325 Æ \[AE] AE u00C6 A+E combined
326 æ \[ae] ae u00E6 a+e combined
327 Π\[OE] OE u0152 O+E combined
328 œ \[oe] oe u0153 o+e combined
329 IJ \[IJ] IJ u0132 I+J combined (Dutch)
330 ij \[ij] ij u0133 i+j combined(Dutch)
332 ı \[.i] dotlessi u0131 i without a dot (Turkish)
333 ȷ \[.j] dotlessj u0237 j without a dot
334 Accented Characters
336 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
338 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
339 Á \['A] Aacute u0041_0301 A acute
340 Ć \['C] Cacute u0043_0301 C acute
341 É \['E] Eacute u0045_0301 E acute
342 Í \['I] Iacute u0049_0301 I acute
343 Ó \['O] Oacute u004F_0301 O acute
344 Ú \['U] Uacute u0055_0301 U acute
345 Ý \['Y] Yacute u0059_0301 Y acute
346 á \['a] aacute u0061_0301 a acute
347 ć \['c] cacute u0063_0301 c acute
348 é \['e] eacute u0065_0301 e acute
349 í \['i] iacute u0069_0301 i acute
350 ó \['o] oacute u006F_0301 o acute
351 ú \['u] uacute u0075_0301 u acute
352 ý \['y] yacute u0079_0301 y acute
353 Ä \[:A] Adieresis u0041_0308 A dieresis (umlaut)
354 Ë \[:E] Edieresis u0045_0308 E dieresis (umlaut)
355 Ï \[:I] Idieresis u0049_0308 I dieresis (umlaut)
356 Ö \[:O] Odieresis u004F_0308 O dieresis (umlaut)
357 Ü \[:U] Udieresis u0055_0308 U dieresis (umlaut)
358 Ÿ \[:Y] Ydieresis u0059_0308 Y dieresis (umlaut)
359 ä \[:a] adieresis u0061_0308 a dieresis (umlaut)
360 ë \[:e] edieresis u0065_0308 e dieresis (umlaut)
361 ï \[:i] idieresis u0069_0308 i dieresis (umlaut)
362 ö \[:o] odieresis u006F_0308 o dieresis (umlaut)
363 ü \[:u] udieresis u0075_0308 u dieresis (umlaut)
364 ÿ \[:y] ydieresis u0079_0308 y dieresis (umlaut)
365 Â \[^A] Acircumflex u0041_0302 A circumflex
366 Ê \[^E] Ecircumflex u0045_0302 E circumflex
367 Î \[^I] Icircumflex u0049_0302 I circumflex
368 Ô \[^O] Ocircumflex u004F_0302 O circumflex
369 Û \[^U] Ucircumflex u0055_0302 U circumflex
370 â \[^a] acircumflex u0061_0302 a circumflex
371 ê \[^e] ecircumflex u0065_0302 e circumflex
372 î \[^i] icircumflex u0069_0302 i circumflex
373 ô \[^o] ocircumflex u006F_0302 o circumflex
374 û \[^u] ucircumflex u0075_0302 u circumflex
375 À \[`A] Agrave u0041_0300 A grave
376 È \[`E] Egrave u0045_0300 E grave
377 Ì \[`I] Igrave u0049_0300 I grave
378 Ò \[`O] Ograve u004F_0300 O grave
379 Ù \[`U] Ugrave u0055_0300 U grave
380 à \[`a] agrave u0061_0300 a grave
381 è \[`e] egrave u0065_0300 e grave
382 ì \[`i] igrave u0069_0300 i grave
383 ò \[`o] ograve u006F_0300 o grave
384 ù \[`u] ugrave u0075_0300 u grave
385 Ã \[~A] Atilde u0041_0303 A tilde
386 Ñ \[~N] Ntilde u004E_0303 N tilde
387 Õ \[~O] Otilde u004F_0303 O tilde
388 ã \[~a] atilde u0061_0303 a tilde
389 ñ \[~n] ntilde u006E_0303 n tilde
390 õ \[~o] otilde u006F_0303 o tilde
391 Š \[vS] Scaron u0053_030C S caron
392 š \[vs] scaron u0073_030C s caron
393 Ž \[vZ] Zcaron u005A_030C Z caron
394 ž \[vz] zcaron u007A_030C z caron
395 Ç \[,C] Ccedilla u0043_0327 C cedilla
396 ç \[,c] ccedilla u0063_0327 c cedilla
398 Å \[oA] Aring u0041_030A A ring
399 å \[oa] aring u0061_030A a ring
400 Accents
402 The composite request is used to map most of the accents to non-spacing
404 glyph names; the values given in parentheses are the original (spacing)
405 ones.
406 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
408 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
409 ˝ \[a"] hungarumlaut u030B (u02DD) Hungarian umlaut
410 ¯ \[a-] macron u0304 (u00AF) overbar accent
411 ˙ \[a.] dotaccent u0307 (u02D9) dot accent
412 ^ \[a^] circumflex u0302 (u005E) circumflex accent
413 ´ \[aa] acute u0301 (u00B4) acute accent
414 ` \[ga] grave u0300 (u0060) grave accent
415 ˘ \[ab] breve u0306 (u02D8) breve accent
416 ¸ \[ac] cedilla u0327 (u00B8) cedilla accent
417 ¨ \[ad] dieresis u0308 (u00A8) umlaut accent
418 ˇ \[ah] caron u030C (u02C7) caron accent
419 ˚ \[ao] ring u030A (u02DA) small circle, ring accent
420 ~ \[a~] tilde u0303 (u007E) tilde accent
421 ˛ \[ho] ogonek u0328 (u02DB) hook accent
422 ^ \[ha] asciicircum u005E high circumflex, ASCII
423 character, in mathematics
424 the power sign
425 ~ \[ti] asciitilde u007E tilde in vertical middle,
426 ASCII, in Unix-like the
427 home directory
428 Quotes
430 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
432 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
433 „ \[Bq] quotedblbase u201E low double comma quote
434 ‚ \[bq] quotesinglbase u201A low single comma quote
435 “ \[lq] quotedblleft u201C left double quote
436 ” \[rq] quotedblright u201D right double quote
437 ‘ \[oq] quoteleft u2018 single open (left) quote
438 ’ \[cq] quoteright u2019 single closing (right) quote
439 ' \[aq] quotesingle u0027 apostrophe quote (ASCII 39)
440 " \[dq] quotedbl u0022 double quote (ASCII 34)
441 « \[Fo] guillemotleft u00AB left guillemet [sic]
442 » \[Fc] guillemotright u00BB right guillemet [sic]
443 ‹ \[fo] guilsinglleft u2039 single left-pointing angle
444 quotation mark
445 › \[fc] guilsinglright u203A single right-pointing angle
446 quotation mark
447 Punctuation
449 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
451 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
452 ¡ \[r!] exclamdown u00A1 inverted exclamation mark
453 ¿ \[r?] questiondown u00BF inverted question mark
454 — \[em] emdash u2014 em-dash symbol
455 – \[en] endash u2013 en-dash symbol
456 ‐ \[hy] hyphen u2010 hyphen symbol
457 Brackets
459 The extensible bracket pieces are font-invariant glyphs. In classical
461 troff only one glyph was available to vertically extend brackets,
462 braces, and parentheses: ‘bv’. We map it rather arbitrarily to u23AA.
463 Note that not all devices contain extensible bracket pieces which can
465 be piled up with ‘\b’ due to the restrictions of the escape's piling
466 algorithm. A general solution to build brackets out of pieces is the
467 following macro:
468 .\" Make a pile centered vertically 0.5em
470 .\" above the baseline.
471 .\" The first argument is placed at the top.
472 .\" The pile is returned in string `pile'
473 .eo
474 .de pile-make
475 . nr pile-wd 0
476 . nr pile-ht 0
477 . ds pile-args
478 .
479 . nr pile-# \n[.$]
480 . while \n[pile-#] \{\
481 . nr pile-wd (\n[pile-wd] >? \w'\$[\n[pile-#]]')
482 . nr pile-ht +(\n[rst] - \n[rsb])
483 . as pile-args \v'\n[rsb]u'\"
484 . as pile-args \Z'\$[\n[pile-#]]'\"
485 . as pile-args \v'-\n[rst]u'\"
486 . nr pile-# -1
487 . \}
488 .
489 . ds pile \v'(-0.5m + (\n[pile-ht]u / 2u))'\"
490 . as pile \*[pile-args]\"
491 . as pile \v'((\n[pile-ht]u / 2u) + 0.5m)'\"
492 . as pile \h'\n[pile-wd]u'\"
493 ..
494 .ec
495 Another complication is the fact that some glyphs which represent
497 bracket pieces in original troff can be used for other mathematical
498 symbols also, for example ‘lf’ and ‘rf’ which provide the ‘floor’ oper‐
499 ator. Other devices (most notably for DVI output) don't unify such
500 glyphs. For this reason, the four glyphs ‘lf’, ‘rf’, lc’, and ‘rc’ are
501 not unified with similarly looking bracket pieces. In groff, only
502 glyphs with long names are guaranteed to pile up correctly for all
503 devices (provided those glyphs exist).
504 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
506 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
507 [ \[lB] bracketleft u005B left square
508 bracket
509 ] \[rB] bracketright u005D right square
510 bracket
511 { \[lC] braceleft u007B left curly
512 brace
513 } \[rC] braceright u007D right curly
514 brace
515 ⟨ \[la] angleleft u27E8 left angle
516 bracket
517 ⟩ \[ra] angleright u27E9 right angle
518 bracket
519 ⎪ \[bv] braceex u23AA curly brace
521 vertical exten‐
522 sion
523 ⎪ \[braceex] braceex u23AA curly brace
524 vertical exten‐
525 sion
526 ⎡ \[bracketlefttp] bracketlefttp u23A1 left square
530 bracket top
531 ⎣ \[bracketleftbt] bracketleftbt u23A3 left square
532 bracket bottom
533 ⎢ \[bracketleftex] bracketleftex u23A2 left square
534 bracket exten‐
535 sion
536 ⎤ \[bracketrighttp] bracketrighttp u23A4 right square
537 bracket top
538 ⎦ \[bracketrightbt] bracketrightbt u23A6 right square
539 bracket bottom
540 ⎥ \[bracketrightex] bracketrightex u23A5 right square
541 bracket exten‐
542 sion
543 ╭ \[lt] bracelefttp u23A7 left curly
545 brace top
546 ⎧ \[bracelefttp] bracelefttp u23A7 left curly
547 brace top
548 ┥ \[lk] braceleftmid u23A8 left curly
549 brace middle
550 ⎨ \[braceleftmid] braceleftmid u23A8 left curly
551 brace middle
552 ╰ \[lb] braceleftbt u23A9 left curly
553 brace bottom
554 ⎩ \[braceleftbt] braceleftbt u23A9 left curly
555 brace bottom
556 ⎪ \[braceleftex] braceleftex u23AA left curly
557 brace extension
558 ╮ \[rt] bracerighttp u23AB right curly
559 brace top
560 ⎫ \[bracerighttp] bracerighttp u23AB right curly
561 brace top
562 ┝ \[rk] bracerightmid u23AC right curly
563 brace middle
564 ⎬ \[bracerightmid] bracerightmid u23AC right curly
565 brace middle
566 ╯ \[rb] bracerightbt u23AD right curly
567 brace bottom
568 ⎭ \[bracerightbt] bracerightbt u23AD right curly
569 brace bottom
570 ⎪ \[bracerightex] bracerightex u23AA right curly
571 brace extension
572 ⎛ \[parenlefttp] parenlefttp u239B left parenthe‐
573 sis top
574 ⎝ \[parenleftbt] parenleftbt u239D left parenthe‐
575 sis bottom
576 ⎜ \[parenleftex] parenleftex u239C left parenthe‐
577 sis extension
578 ⎞ \[parenrighttp] parenrighttp u239E right parenthe‐
579 sis top
580 ⎠ \[parenrightbt] parenrightbt u23A0 right parenthe‐
581 sis bottoom
582 ⎟ \[parenrightex] parenrightex u239F right parenthe‐
583 sis extension
584 Arrows
586 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
588 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
589 ← \[<-] arrowleft u2190 horizontal arrow left
590 → \[->] arrowright u2192 horizontal arrow right
591 ↔ \[<>] arrowboth u2194 horizontal arrow in both
592 directions
593 ↓ \[da] arrowdown u2193 vertical arrow down
594 ↑ \[ua] arrowup u2191 vertical arrow up
596 ↕ \[va] arrowupdn u2195 vertical arrow in both direc‐
597 tions
598 ⇐ \[lA] arrowdblleft u21D0 horizontal double arrow left
599 ⇒ \[rA] arrowdblright u21D2 horizontal double arrow right
600 ⇔ \[hA] arrowdblboth u21D4 horizontal double arrow in
601 both directions
602 ⇓ \[dA] arrowdbldown u21D3 vertical double arrow down
603 ⇑ \[uA] arrowdblup u21D1 vertical double arrow up
604 ⇕ \[vA] uni21D5 u21D5 vertical double arrow in both
605 directions
606 ⎯ \[an] arrowhorizex u23AF horizontal arrow extension
607 Lines
609 The font-invariant glyphs ‘br’, ‘ul’, and ‘rn’ form corners; they can
611 be used to build boxes. Note that both the PostScript and the Unicode-
612 derived names of these three glyphs are just rough approximations.
613 ‘rn’ also serves in classical troff as the horizontal extension of the
615 square root sign.
616 ‘ru’ is a font-invariant glyph, namely a rule of length 0.5m.
618 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
620 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
621 | \[ba] bar u007C bar
622 │ \[br] SF110000 u2502 box rule
623 _ \[ul] underscore u005F underscore
624 ‾ \[rn] overline u203E overline
625 _ \[ru] --- --- baseline rule
626 ¦ \[bb] brokenbar u00A6 broken bar
627 / \[sl] slash u002F slash, solidus
628 \ \[rs] backslash u005C reverse slash, reverse solidus
629 Use ‘\[radicalex]’, not ‘\[overline]’, for continuation of square root.
631 Text markers
633 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
635 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
636 ○ \[ci] circle u25CB circle
637 · \[bu] bullet u2022 bullet
638 ‡ \[dd] daggerdbl u2021 double dagger sign
639 † \[dg] dagger u2020 dagger
640 ◊ \[lz] lozenge u25CA lozenge, diamond, pound key
641 □ \[sq] uni25A1 u25A1 white square
642 ¶ \[ps] paragraph u00B6 end of paragraphs marker
643 § \[sc] section u00A7 section sign
644 ☜ \[lh] uni261C u261C hand pointing left
645 ☞ \[rh] a14 u261E hand pointing right
646 @ \[at] at u0040 at
647 # \[sh] numbersign u0023 number sign
648 ↵ \[CR] carriagereturn u21B5 carriage return
649 ✓ \[OK] a19 u2713 check mark, tick
650 Legal Symbols
652 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
654 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
655 © \[co] copyright u00A9 copyright sign
656 ® \[rg] registered u00AE registered mark
657 ™ \[tm] trademark u2122 trademark symbol
658 \[bs] --- --- AT&T Bell Labs logo +
659 The Bell Labs logo is not supported in groff.
661 Currency symbols
663 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
665 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
666 $ \[Do] dollar u0024 dollar
667 ¢ \[ct] cent u00A2 cent
668 € \[eu] --- u20AC official Euro symbol
669 € \[Eu] Euro u20AC font-specific Euro glyph variant
670 ¥ \[Ye] yen u00A5 Japanese Yen
671 £ \[Po] sterling u00A3 pound sterling (British)
672 ¤ \[Cs] currency u00A4 Scandinavian currency sign
673 ƒ \[Fn] florin u0192 Dutch currency sign
674 Units
676 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
678 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
679 ° \[de] degree u00B0 degree
680 ‰ \[%0] perthousand u2030 per thousand, per mille sign
681 ′ \[fm] minute u2032 arc minute sign
682 ″ \[sd] second u2033 acr second sign
683 µ \[mc] mu u00B5 mu, micro sign
684 ª \[Of] ordfeminine u00AA feminine ordinal (Spanish)
685 º \[Om] ordmasculine u00BA masculine ordinal (Spanish)
686 Logical Symbols
688 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
690 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
691 ∧ \[AN] logicaland u2227 logical and
692 ∨ \[OR] logicalor u2228 logical or
693 ¬ \[no] logicalnot u00AC logical not
694 ¬ \[tno] logicalnot u00AC text variant of ‘no’
695 ∃ \[te] existential u2203 there exists
696 ∀ \[fa] universal u2200 for all
697 ∋ \[st] suchthat u220B sucht that
698 ∴ \[3d] therefore u2234 therefore
699 ∴ \[tf] therefore u2234 therefore
700 | \[or] bar u007C bitwise OR operator (as used
701 in C)
702 Mathematical Symbols
704 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
706 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
707 ½ \[12] onehalf u00BD 1/2 symbol
708 ¼ \[14] onequarter u00BC 1/4 symbol
709 ¾ \[34] threequarters u00BE 3/4 symbol
710 ⅛ \[18] oneeighth u215B 1/8 symbol
711 ⅜ \[38] threeeighths u215C 3/8 symbol
712 ⅝ \[58] fiveeighths u215D 5/8 symbol
713 ⅞ \[78] seveneighths u215E 7/8 symbol
714 ¹ \[S1] onesuperior u00B9 superscript 1
715 ² \[S2] twosuperior u00B2 superscript 2
716 ³ \[S3] threesuperior u00B3 superscript 3
717 + \[pl] plus u002B plus in special font
719 − \[mi] minus u2212 minus in special font
720 ∓ \[-+] uni2213 u2213 minus-plus
721 ± \[+-] plusminus u00B1 plus-minus
722 ± \[t+-] plusminus u00B1 text variant of \[+-]
723 · \[pc] periodcentered u00B7 period centered
724 ⋅ \[md] dotmath u22C5 multiplication dot
725 × \[mu] multiply u00D7 multiply sign
726 × \[tmu] multiply u00D7 text variant of \[mu]
728 ⊗ \[c*] circlemultiply u2297 multiply sign in circle
729 ⊕ \[c+] circleplus u2295 plus sign in circle
730 ÷ \[di] divide u00F7 division sign
731 ÷ \[tdi] divide u00F7 text variant of \[di]
732 ⁄ \[f/] fraction u2044 bar for fractions
733 ∗ \[**] asteriskmath u2217 mathematical asterisk
734 ≤ \[<=] lessequal u2264 less or equal
736 ≥ \[>=] greaterequal u2265 greater or equal
737 ≪ \[<<] uni226A u226A much less
738 ≫ \[>>] uni226B u226B much greater
739 = \[eq] equal u003D equals in special font
740 ≠ \[!=] notequal u003D_0338 not equal
741 ≡ \[==] equivalence u2261 equivalent
742 ≢ \[ne] uni2262 u2261_0338 not equivalent
743 ≅ \[=~] congruent u2245 congruent, approx.
744 equal
745 ≃ \[|=] uni2243 u2243 asymptot. equal to
746 ∼ \[ap] similar u223C similar
747 ≈ \[~~] approxequal u2248 almost equal to
748 ≈ \[~=] approxequal u2248 almost equal to
749 ∝ \[pt] proportional u221D proportional
750 ∅ \[es] emptyset u2205 empty set
752 ∈ \[mo] element u2208 element of a set
753 ∉ \[nm] notelement u2208_0338 not element of set
754 ⊂ \[sb] propersubset u2282 proper subset
755 ⊄ \[nb] notsubset u2282_0338 not supset
756 ⊃ \[sp] propersuperset u2283 proper superset
757 ⊅ \[nc] uni2285 u2283_0338 not superset
758 ⊆ \[ib] reflexsubset u2286 subset or equal
759 ⊇ \[ip] reflexsuperset u2287 superset or equal
760 ∩ \[ca] intersection u2229 intersection, cap
761 ∪ \[cu] union u222A union, cup
762 ∠ \[/_] angle u2220 angle
764 ⊥ \[pp] perpendicular u22A5 perpendicular
765 ∫ \[is] integral u222B integral
766 ∫ \[integral] integral u222B integral
767 ∑ \[sum] summation u2211 summation
768 ∏ \[product] product u220F product
769 ∐ \[coproduct] uni2210 u2210 coproduct
770 ∇ \[gr] gradient u2207 gradient
771 √ \[sr] radical u221A square root
772 √ \[sqrt] radical u221A square root
773 \[radicalex] radicalex --- square root continua‐
774 tion
775 \[sqrtex] radicalex --- square root continua‐
776 tion
777 ⌈ \[lc] uni2308 u2308 left ceiling
779 ⌉ \[rc] uni2309 u2309 right ceiling
780 ⌊ \[lf] uni230A u230A left floor
781 ⌋ \[rf] uni230B u230B right floor
782 ∞ \[if] infinity u221E infinity
784 ℵ \[Ah] aleph u2135 aleph
785 ℑ \[Im] Ifraktur u2111 Gothic I, imaginary
786 ℜ \[Re] Rfraktur u211C Gothic R, real
787 ℘ \[wp] weierstrass u2118 Weierstrass p
788 ∂ \[pd] partialdiff u2202 partial differentiation
789 ℏ \[-h] uni210F u210F Planck constant / 2pi
790 (h-bar)
791 ℏ \[hbar] uni210F u210F Planck constant / 2pi
794 (h-bar)
795 Greek glyphs
797 These glyphs are intended for technical use, not for real Greek; nor‐
799 mally, the uppercase letters have upright shape, and the lowercase ones
800 are slanted. There is a problem with the mapping of letter phi to Uni‐
801 code. Prior to Unicode version 3.0, the difference between U+03C6,
802 GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI, and U+03D5, GREEK PHI SYMBOL, was not clearly
803 described; only the glyph shapes in the Unicode book could be used as a
804 reference. Starting with Unicode 3.0, the reference glyphs have been
805 exchanged and described verbally also: In mathematical context, U+03D5
806 is the stroked variant and U+03C6 the curly glyph. Unfortunately, most
807 font vendors didn't update their fonts to this (incompatible) change in
808 Unicode. At the time of this writing (January 2006), it is not clear
809 yet whether the Adobe Glyph Names ‘phi’ and ‘phi1’ also change its
810 meaning if used for mathematics, thus compatibility problems are likely
811 to happen – being conservative, groff currently assumes that ‘phi’ in a
812 PostScript symbol font is the stroked version.
813 In groff, symbol ‘\[*f]’ always denotes the stroked version of phi, and
815 ‘\[+f]’ the curly variant.
816 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
818 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
819 Α \[*A] Alpha u0391 Alpha
820 Β \[*B] Beta u0392 Beta
821 Γ \[*G] Gamma u0393 Gamma
822 Δ \[*D] Delta u0394 Delta
823 Ε \[*E] Epsilon u0395 Epsilon
824 Ζ \[*Z] Zeta u0396 Zeta
825 Η \[*Y] Eta u0397 Eta
826 Θ \[*H] Theta u0398 Theta
827 Ι \[*I] Iota u0399 Iota
828 Κ \[*K] Kappa u039A Kappa
829 Λ \[*L] Lambda u039B Lamda
830 Μ \[*M] Mu u039C Mu
831 Ν \[*N] Nu u039D Nu
832 Ξ \[*C] Xi u039E Xi
833 Ο \[*O] Omicron u039F Omicron
834 Π \[*P] Pi u03A0 Pi
835 Ρ \[*R] Rho u03A1 Rho
836 Σ \[*S] Sigma u03A3 Sigma
837 Τ \[*T] Tau u03A4 Tau
838 Υ \[*U] Upsilon u03A5 Upsilon
839 Φ \[*F] Phi u03A6 Phi
840 Χ \[*X] Chi u03A7 Chi
841 Ψ \[*Q] Psi u03A8 Psi
842 Ω \[*W] Omega u03A9 Omega
843 α \[*a] alpha u03B1 alpha
844 β \[*b] beta u03B2 beta
845 γ \[*g] gamma u03B3 gamma
846 δ \[*d] delta u03B4 delta
847 ε \[*e] epsilon u03B5 epsilon
848 ζ \[*z] zeta u03B6 zeta
849 η \[*y] eta u03B7 eta
850 θ \[*h] theta u03B8 theta
851 ι \[*i] iota u03B9 iota
852 κ \[*k] kappa u03BA kappa
853 λ \[*l] lambda u03BB lambda
854 μ \[*m] mu u03BC mu
855 ν \[*n] nu u03BD nu
856 ξ \[*c] xi u03BE xi
857 ο \[*o] omicron u03BF omicron
858 π \[*p] pi u03C0 pi
860 ρ \[*r] rho u03C1 rho
861 ς \[ts] sigma1 u03C2 terminal sigma
862 σ \[*s] sigma u03C3 sigma
863 τ \[*t] tau u03C4 tau
864 υ \[*u] upsilon u03C5 upsilon
865 ϕ \[*f] phi u03D5 phi oked glyph)
866 χ \[*x] chi u03C7 chi
867 ψ \[*q] psi u03C8 psi
868 ω \[*w] omega u03C9 omega
869 ϑ \[+h] theta1 u03D1 variant theta
870 φ \[+f] phi1 u03C6 variant phi (curly shape)
871 ϖ \[+p] omega1 u03D6 variant pi, looking like omega
872 ϵ \[+e] uni03F5 u03F5 variant epsilon
873 Card symbols
875 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
877 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
878 ♣ \[CL] club u2663 black club suit
879 ♠ \[SP] spade u2660 black spade suit
880 ♥ \[HE] heart u2665 black heart suit
881 ♡ \[u2661] uni2661 u2661 white heart suit
882 ♦ \[DI] diamond u2666 black diamond suit
883 ♢ \[u2662] uni2662 u2662 white diamond suit
884
886 groff(1)
887 the GNU roff formatter
888 groff(7)
890 a short reference of the groff formatting language
891 An extension to the troff character set for Europe, E.G. Keizer, K.J.
893 Simonsen, J. Akkerhuis; EUUG Newsletter, Volume 9, No. 2, Summer 1989
894 The Unicode Standard ⟨http://www.unicode.org⟩
896
898 Copyright © 1989-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
899 This file is part of groff (GNU roff), which is a free software
901 project.
902 You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
904 General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
905 either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
906 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
908 with this program. If not, see GPL2
909 ⟨http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html⟩.
910
912 This document was written by James Clark ⟨jjc@jclark.com⟩ with addi‐
913 tions by Werner Lemberg ⟨wl@gnu.org⟩ and Bernd Warken ⟨groff-
914 bernd.warken-72@web.de⟩. This document was revised to use real tables
915 by Eric S. Raymond ⟨esr@thyrsus.com⟩.
9161.22.3 4 November 2014 GROFF_CHAR(7)