1GROFF_CHAR(7) Miscellaneous Information Manual GROFF_CHAR(7)
2
6 groff_char - groff glyph names
7
9 This manual page lists the standard groff glyph names and the default
10 input mapping, latin1. The glyphs in this document look different
11 depending on which output device was chosen (with option -T for the
12 man(1) program or the roff formatter). Glyphs not available for the
13 device that is being used to print or view this manual page are marked
14 with `(N/A)'; the device currently used is `utf8'.
15 In the actual version, groff provides only 8-bit characters for direct
17 input and named entities for further glyphs. On ASCII platforms, input
18 character codes in the range 0 to 127 (decimal) represent the usual
19 7-bit ASCII characters, while codes between 127 and 255 are interpreted
20 as the corresponding characters in the latin1 (ISO-8859-1) code set by
21 default. This mapping is contained in the file latin1.tmac and can be
22 changed by loading a different input encoding. Note that some of the
23 input characters are reserved by groff, either for internal use or for
24 special input purposes. On EBCDIC platforms, only code page cp1047 is
25 supported (which contains the same characters as latin1; the input
26 encoding file is called cp1047.tmac). Again, some input characters are
27 reserved for internal and special purposes.
28 All roff systems provide the concept of named glyphs. In traditional
30 roff systems, only names of length 2 were used, while groff also pro‐
31 vides support for longer names. It is strongly suggested that only
32 named glyphs are used for all character representations outside of the
33 printable 7-bit ASCII range.
34 Some of the predefined groff escape sequences (with names of length 1)
36 also produce single glyphs; these exist for historical reasons or are
37 printable versions of syntactical characters. They include `\\', `\´',
38 `\`', `\-', `\.', and `\e'; see groff(7).
39 In groff, all of these different types of characters and glyphs can be
41 tested positively with the `.if c' conditional.
42
44 In this section, the glyphs in groff are specified in tabular form.
45 The meaning of the columns is as follows.
46 Output shows how the glyph is printed for the current device; although
48 this can have quite a different shape on other devices, it
49 always represents the same glyph.
50 Input name
52 specifies how the glyph is input either directly by a key on the
53 keyboard, or by a groff escape sequence.
54 Input code
56 applies to glyphs which can be input with a single character,
57 and gives the ISO latin1 decimal code of that input character.
58 Note that this code is equivalent to the lowest 256 Unicode
59 characters, including 7-bit ASCII in the range 0 to 127.
60 PostScript name
62 gives the usual PostScript name of the glyph.
63 Unicode decomposed
65 is the glyph name used in composite glyph names.
66 7-bit Character Codes 32-126
68 These are the basic glyphs having 7-bit ASCII code values assigned.
69 They are identical to the printable characters of the character stan‐
70 dards ISO-8859-1 (latin1) and Unicode (range Basic Latin). The glyph
71 names used in composite glyph names are `u0020' up to `u007E'.
72 Note that input characters in the range 0-31 and character 127 are not
74 printable characters. Most of them are invalid input characters for
75 groff anyway, and the valid ones have special meaning. For EBCDIC, the
76 printable characters are in the range 66-255.
77 48-57 Decimal digits 0 to 9 (print as themselves).
79 65-90 Upper case letters A-Z (print as themselves).
81 97-122 Lower case letters a-z (print as themselves).
83 Most of the remaining characters not in the just described ranges print
85 as themselves; the only exceptions are the following characters:
86 ` the ISO latin1 `Grave Accent' (code 96) prints as `, a left sin‐
88 gle quotation mark; the original character can be obtained with
89 `\`'.
90 ' the ISO latin1 `Apostrophe' (code 39) prints as ', a right sin‐
92 gle quotation mark; the original character can be obtained with
93 `\(aq'.
94 - the ISO latin1 `Hyphen, Minus Sign' (code 45) prints as a
96 hyphen; a minus sign can be obtained with `\-'.
97 ~ the ISO latin1 `Tilde' (code 126) is reduced in size to be
99 usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with
100 `\(ti'.
101 ^ the ISO latin1 `Circumflex Accent' (code 94) is reduced in size
103 to be usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with
104 `\(ha'.
105 Output Input Input PostScript Unicode Notes
107 name code name decomposed
108 ! ! 33 exclam u0021
110 " " 34 quotedbl u0022
111 # # 35 numbersign u0023
112 $ $ 36 dollar u0024
113 % % 37 percent u0025
114 & & 38 ampersand u0026
115 ' ' 39 quoteright u0027
116 ( ( 40 parenleft u0028
117 ) ) 41 parenright u0029
118 * * 42 asterisk u002A
119 + + 43 plus u002B
120 , , 44 comma u002C
121 - - 45 hyphen u2010
122 . . 46 period u002E
123 / / 47 slash u002F
124 : : 58 colon u003A
125 ; ; 59 semicolon u003B
126 < < 60 less u003C
127 = = 61 equal u003D
128 > > 62 greater u003E
129 ? ? 63 question u003F
130 @ @ 64 at u0040
131 [ [ 91 bracketleft u005B
132 \ \ 92 backslash u005C
133 ] ] 93 bracketright u005D
134 ^ ^ 94 circumflex u005E circumflex accent
135 _ _ 95 underscore u005F
136 ` ` 96 quoteleft u0060
137 { { 123 braceleft u007B
138 | | 124 bar u007C
139 } } 125 braceright u007D
140 ~ ~ 126 tilde u007E tilde accent
141 8-bit Character Codes 160 to 255
143 They are interpreted as printable characters according to the latin1
144 (ISO-8859-1) code set, being identical to the Unicode range Latin-1
145 Supplement.
146 Input characters in range 128-159 (on non-EBCDIC hosts) are not print‐
148 able characters.
149 160 the ISO latin1 no-break space is mapped to `\~', the stretchable
151 space character.
152 173 the soft hyphen control character. groff never uses this char‐
154 acter for output (thus it is omitted in the table below); the
155 input character 173 is mapped onto `\%'.
156 The remaining ranges (161-172, 174-255) are printable characters that
158 print as themselves. Although they can be specified directly with the
159 keyboard on systems with a latin1 code page, it is better to use their
160 glyph names; see next section.
161 Output Input Input PostScript Unicode Notes
163 name code name decomposed
164 ¡ ¡ 161 exclamdown u00A1 inverted exclamation
166 mark
167 ¢ ¢ 162 cent u00A2
168 £ £ 163 sterling u00A3
169 ¤ ¤ 164 currency u00A4
170 ¥ ¥ 165 yen u00A5
171 ¦ ¦ 166 brokenbar u00A6
172 § § 167 section u00A7
173 ¨ ¨ 168 dieresis u00A8
174 © © 169 copyright u00A9
175 ª ª 170 ordfeminine u00AA
176 « « 171 guillemotleft u00AB
177 ¬ ¬ 172 logicalnot u00AC
178 ® ® 174 registered u00AE
179 ¯ ¯ 175 macron u00AF
180 ° ° 176 degree u00B0
181 ± ± 177 plusminus u00B1
182 ² ² 178 twosuperior u00B2
183 ³ ³ 179 threesuperior u00B3
184 ´ ´ 180 acute u00B4 acute accent
185 µ µ 181 mu u00B5 micro sign
186 ¶ ¶ 182 paragraph u00B6
187 · · 183 periodcentered u00B7
188 ¸ ¸ 184 cedilla u00B8
189 ¹ ¹ 185 onesuperior u00B9
190 º º 186 ordmasculine u00BA
191 » » 187 guillemotright u00BB
192 ¼ ¼ 188 onequarter u00BC
193 ½ ½ 189 onehalf u00BD
194 ¾ ¾ 190 threequarters u00BE
195 ¿ ¿ 191 questiondown u00BF
196 À À 192 Agrave u0041_0300
197 Á Á 193 Aacute u0041_0301
198 Â Â 194 Acircumflex u0041_0302
199 Ã Ã 195 Atilde u0041_0303
200 Ä Ä 196 Adieresis u0041_0308
201 Å Å 197 Aring u0041_030A
202 Æ Æ 198 AE u00C6
203 Ç Ç 199 Ccedilla u0043_0327
204 È È 200 Egrave u0045_0300
205 É É 201 Eacute u0045_0301
206 Ê Ê 202 Ecircumflex u0045_0302
207 Ë Ë 203 Edieresis u0045_0308
208 Ì Ì 204 Igrave u0049_0300
209 Í Í 205 Iacute u0049_0301
210 Î Î 206 Icircumflex u0049_0302
211 Ï Ï 207 Idieresis u0049_0308
212 Ð Ð 208 Eth u00D0
213 Ñ Ñ 209 Ntilde u004E_0303
214 Ò Ò 210 Ograve u004F_0300
215 Ó Ó 211 Oacute u004F_0301
216 Ô Ô 212 Ocircumflex u004F_0302
217 Õ Õ 213 Otilde u004F_0303
218 Ö Ö 214 Odieresis u004F_0308
219 × × 215 multiply u00D7
220 Ø Ø 216 Oslash u00D8
221 Ù Ù 217 Ugrave u0055_0300
222 Ú Ú 218 Uacute u0055_0301
223 Û Û 219 Ucircumflex u0055_0302
224 Ü Ü 220 Udieresis u0055_0308
225 Ý Ý 221 Yacute u0059_0301
226 Þ Þ 222 Thorn u00DE
227 ß ß 223 germandbls u00DF
228 à à 224 agrave u0061_0300
229 á á 225 aacute u0061_0301
230 â â 226 acircumflex u0061_0302
231 ã ã 227 atilde u0061_0303
232 ä ä 228 adieresis u0061_0308
233 å å 229 aring u0061_030A
234 æ æ 230 ae u00E6
235 ç ç 231 ccedilla u0063_0327
236 è è 232 egrave u0065_0300
237 é é 233 eacute u0065_0301
238 ê ê 234 ecircumflex u0065_0302
239 ë ë 235 edieresis u0065_0308
240 ì ì 236 igrave u0069_0300
241 í í 237 iacute u0069_0301
242 î î 238 icircumflex u0069_0302
243 ï ï 239 idieresis u0069_0308
244 ð ð 240 eth u00F0
245 ñ ñ 241 ntilde u006E_0303
246 ò ò 242 ograve u006F_0300
247 ó ó 243 oacute u006F_0301
248 ô ô 244 ocircumflex u006F_0302
249 õ õ 245 otilde u006F_0303
250 ö ö 246 odieresis u006F_0308
251 ÷ ÷ 247 divide u00F7
252 ø ø 248 oslash u00F8
253 ù ù 249 ugrave u0075_0300
254 ú ú 250 uacute u0075_0301
255 û û 251 ucircumflex u0075_0302
256 ü ü 252 udieresis u0075_0308
257 ý ý 253 yacute u0079_0301
258 þ þ 254 thorn u00FE
259 ÿ ÿ 255 ydieresis u0079_0308
260 Named Glyphs
262 Glyph names can be embedded into the document text by using escape
263 sequences. groff(7) describes how these escape sequences look. Glyph
264 names can consist of quite arbitrary characters from the ASCII or
265 latin1 code set, not only alphanumeric characters. Here some examples:
266 \(ch A glyph having the 2-character name ch.
268 \[char_name]
270 A glyph having the name char_name (having length 1, 2, 3, ...).
271 Note that `c' is not the same as `\[c]' (c a single character):
272 The latter is internally mapped to glyph name `\c'. By default,
273 groff defines a single glyph name starting with a backslash,
274 namely `\-', which can be either accessed as `\-' or `\[-]'.
275 \[base_glyph composite_1 composite_2 ...]
277 A composite glyph; see below for a more detailed description.
278 In groff, each 8-bit input character can also referred to by the con‐
280 struct `\[charn]' where n is the decimal code of the character, a num‐
281 ber between 0 and 255 without leading zeros (those entities are not
282 glyph names). They are normally mapped onto glyphs using the .trin
283 request. Another special convention is the handling of glyphs with
284 names directly derived from a Unicode code point; this is discussed
285 below. Moreover, new glyph names can be created by the .char request;
286 see groff(7).
287 In the following, a plus sign in the `Notes' column indicates that this
289 particular glyph name appears in the PS version of the original troff
290 documentation, CSTR 54.
291 Entries marked with `***' denote glyphs for mathematical purposes
293 (mainly used for DVI output). Normally, such glyphs have metrics which
294 make them unusable in normal text.
295 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
297 name name decomposed
298 Ð \[-D] Eth u00D0 uppercase eth
300 ð \[Sd] eth u00F0 lowercase eth
301 Þ \[TP] Thorn u00DE uppercase thorn
302 þ \[Tp] thorn u00FE lowercase thorn
303 ß \[ss] germandbls u00DF German sharp s
304 Ligatures and Other Latin Glyphs
306 ff \[ff] ff u0066_0066 ff ligature +
308 fi \[fi] fi u0066_0069 fi ligature +
309 fl \[fl] fl u0066_006C fl ligature +
310 ffi \[Fi] ffi u0066_0066_0069 ffi ligature +
311 ffl \[Fl] ffl u0066_0066_006C ffl ligature +
312 Ł \[/L] Lslash u0141 (Polish)
313 ł \[/l] lslash u0142 (Polish)
314 Ø \[/O] Oslash u00D8 (Scandinavic)
315 ø \[/o] oslash u00F8 (Scandinavic)
316 Æ \[AE] AE u00C6
317 æ \[ae] ae u00E6
318 Π\[OE] OE u0152
319 œ \[oe] oe u0153
320 IJ \[IJ] IJ u0132 (Dutch)
321 ij \[ij] ij u0133 (Dutch)
322 ı \[.i] dotlessi u0131 (Turkish)
323 ȷ \[.j] dotlessj --- j without a dot
324 Accented Characters
326 Á \['A] Aacute u0041_0301
328 Ć \['C] Cacute u0043_0301
329 É \['E] Eacute u0045_0301
330 Í \['I] Iacute u0049_0301
331 Ó \['O] Oacute u004F_0301
332 Ú \['U] Uacute u0055_0301
333 Ý \['Y] Yacute u0059_0301
334 á \['a] aacute u0061_0301
335 ć \['c] cacute u0063_0301
336 é \['e] eacute u0065_0301
337 í \['i] iacute u0069_0301
338 ó \['o] oacute u006F_0301
339 ú \['u] uacute u0075_0301
340 ý \['y] yacute u0079_0301
341 Ä \[:A] Adieresis u0041_0308 A with umlaut
342 Ë \[:E] Edieresis u0045_0308
343 Ï \[:I] Idieresis u0049_0308
344 Ö \[:O] Odieresis u004F_0308
345 Ü \[:U] Udieresis u0055_0308
346 Ÿ \[:Y] Ydieresis u0059_0308
347 ä \[:a] adieresis u0061_0308
348 ë \[:e] edieresis u0065_0308
349 ï \[:i] idieresis u0069_0308
350 ö \[:o] odieresis u006F_0308
351 ü \[:u] udieresis u0075_0308
352 ÿ \[:y] ydieresis u0079_0308
353 Â \[^A] Acircumflex u0041_0302
354 Ê \[^E] Ecircumflex u0045_0302
355 Î \[^I] Icircumflex u0049_0302
356 Ô \[^O] Ocircumflex u004F_0302
357 Û \[^U] Ucircumflex u0055_0302
358 â \[^a] acircumflex u0061_0302
359 ê \[^e] ecircumflex u0065_0302
360 î \[^i] icircumflex u0069_0302
361 ô \[^o] ocircumflex u006F_0302
362 û \[^u] ucircumflex u0075_0302
363 À \[`A] Agrave u0041_0300
364 È \[`E] Egrave u0045_0300
365 Ì \[`I] Igrave u0049_0300
366 Ò \[`O] Ograve u004F_0300
367 Ù \[`U] Ugrave u0055_0300
368 à \[`a] agrave u0061_0300
369 è \[`e] egrave u0065_0300
370 ì \[`i] igrave u0069_0300
371 ò \[`o] ograve u006F_0300
372 ù \[`u] ugrave u0075_0300
373 Ã \[~A] Atilde u0041_0303
374 Ñ \[~N] Ntilde u004E_0303
375 Õ \[~O] Otilde u004F_0303
376 ã \[~a] atilde u0061_0303
377 ñ \[~n] ntilde u006E_0303
378 õ \[~o] otilde u006F_0303
379 Š \[vS] Scaron u0053_030C
380 š \[vs] scaron u0073_030C
381 Ž \[vZ] Zcaron u005A_030C
382 ž \[vz] zcaron u007A_030C
383 Ç \[,C] Ccedilla u0043_0327
384 ç \[,c] ccedilla u0063_0327
385 Å \[oA] Aring u0041_030A
386 å \[oa] aring u0061_030A
387 Accents
389 The composite request is used to map most of the accents to non-spacing
391 glyph names; the values given in parentheses are the original (spacing)
392 ones.
393 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
395 name name decomposed
396 ˝ \[a"] hungarumlaut u030B (u02DD) (Hungarian)
398 ¯ \[a-] macron u0304 (u00AF)
399 ˙ \[a.] dotaccent u0307 (u02D9)
400 ^ \[a^] circumflex u0302 (u005E)
401 ´ \[aa] acute u0301 (u00B4) +
402 ` \[ga] grave u0300 (u0060) +
403 ˘ \[ab] breve u0306 (u02D8)
404 ¸ \[ac] cedilla u0327 (u00B8)
405 ¨ \[ad] dieresis u0308 (u00A8) umlaut
406 ˇ \[ah] caron u030C (u02C7) háˇcek
407 ˚ \[ao] ring u030A (u02DA) circle
408 ~ \[a~] tilde u0303 (u007E)
409 ˛ \[ho] ogonek u0328 (u02DB) hook
410 ^ \[ha] asciicircum u005E (spacing)
411 ~ \[ti] asciitilde u007E (spacing)
412 Quotes
414 „ \[Bq] quotedblbase u201E low double comma quote
416 ‚ \[bq] quotesinglbase u201A low single comma quote
417 “ \[lq] quotedblleft u201C
418 ” \[rq] quotedblright u201D
419 ‘ \[oq] quoteleft u2018 single open quote
420 ’ \[cq] quoteright u2019 single closing quote
421 ' \[aq] quotesingle u0027 apostrophe quote (ASCII
422 39)
423 " \[dq] quotedbl u0022 double quote (ASCII 34)
424 « \[Fo] guillemotleft u00AB
425 » \[Fc] guillemotright u00BB
426 ‹ \[fo] guilsinglleft u2039
427 › \[fc] guilsinglright u203A
428 Punctuation
430 ¡ \[r!] exclamdown u00A1
432 ¿ \[r?] questiondown u00BF
433 — \[em] emdash u2014 +
434 – \[en] endash u2013
435 ‐ \[hy] hyphen u2010 +
436 Brackets
438 The extensible bracket pieces are font-invariant glyphs. In classical
440 troff only one glyph was available to vertically extend brackets,
441 braces, and parentheses: `bv'. We map it rather arbitrarily to u23AA.
442 Note that not all devices contain extensible bracket pieces which can
444 be piled up with `\b' due to the restrictions of the escape's piling
445 algorithm. A general solution to build brackets out of pieces is the
446 following macro:
447 .\" Make a pile centered vertically 0.5em
449 .\" above the baseline.
450 .\" The first argument is placed at the top.
451 .\" The pile is returned in string `pile'
452 .eo
453 .de pile-make
454 . nr pile-wd 0
455 . nr pile-ht 0
456 . ds pile-args
457 .
458 . nr pile-# \n[.$]
459 . while \n[pile-#] \{\
460 . nr pile-wd (\n[pile-wd] >? \w'\$[\n[pile-#]]')
461 . nr pile-ht +(\n[rst] - \n[rsb])
462 . as pile-args \v'\n[rsb]u'\"
463 . as pile-args \Z'\$[\n[pile-#]]'\"
464 . as pile-args \v'-\n[rst]u'\"
465 . nr pile-# -1
466 . \}
467 .
468 . ds pile \v'(-0.5m + (\n[pile-ht]u / 2u))'\"
469 . as pile \*[pile-args]\"
470 . as pile \v'((\n[pile-ht]u / 2u) + 0.5m)'\"
471 . as pile \h'\n[pile-wd]u'\"
472 ..
473 .ec
474 Another complication is the fact that some glyphs which represent
476 bracket pieces in original troff can be used for other mathematical
477 symbols also, for example `lf' and `rf' which provide the `floor' oper‐
478 ator. Other devices (most notably for DVI output) don't unify such
479 glyphs. For this reason, the four glyphs `lf', `rf', `lc', and `rc'
480 are not unified with similarly looking bracket pieces. In groff, only
481 glyphs with long names are guaranteed to pile up correctly for all
482 devices (provided those glyphs exist).
483 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
485 name name decomposed
486 [ \[lB] bracketleft u005B
488 ] \[rB] bracketright u005D
489 { \[lC] braceleft u007B
490 } \[rC] braceright u007D
491 ⟨ \[la] angleleft u27E8 left angle
492 bracket
493 ⟩ \[ra] angleright u27E9 right angle
494 bracket
495 ⎪ \[bv] braceex u23AA vertical exten‐
496 sion *** +
497 ⎪ \[braceex] braceex u23AA
498 ⎡ \[bracketlefttp] bracketlefttp u23A1
499 ⎣ \[bracketleftbt] bracketleftbt u23A3
500 ⎢ \[bracketleftex] bracketleftex u23A2
501 ⎤ \[bracketrighttp] bracketrighttp u23A4
502 ⎦ \[bracketrightbt] bracketrightbt u23A6
503 ⎥ \[bracketrightex] bracketrightex u23A5
504 ╭ \[lt] bracelefttp u23A7 +
505 ⎧ \[bracelefttp] bracelefttp u23A7
506 ┥ \[lk] braceleftmid u23A8 +
507 ⎨ \[braceleftmid] braceleftmid u23A8
508 ╰ \[lb] braceleftbt u23A9 +
509 ⎩ \[braceleftbt] braceleftbt u23A9
510 ⎪ \[braceleftex] braceleftex u23AA
511 ╮ \[rt] bracerighttp u23AB +
512 ⎫ \[bracerighttp] bracerighttp u23AB
513 ┝ \[rk] bracerightmid u23AC +
514 ⎬ \[bracerightmid] bracerightmid u23AC
515 ╯ \[rb] bracerightbt u23AD +
516 ⎭ \[bracerightbt] bracerightbt u23AD
517 ⎪ \[bracerightex] bracerightex u23AA
518 ⎛ \[parenlefttp] parenlefttp u239B
519 ⎝ \[parenleftbt] parenleftbt u239D
520 ⎜ \[parenleftex] parenleftex u239C
521 ⎞ \[parenrighttp] parenrighttp u239E
522 ⎠ \[parenrightbt] parenrightbt u23A0
523 ⎟ \[parenrightex] parenrightex u239F
524 Arrows
526 ← \[<-] arrowleft u2190 +
528 → \[->] arrowright u2192 +
529 ↔ \[<>] arrowboth u2194 (horizontal)
530 ↓ \[da] arrowdown u2193 +
531 ↑ \[ua] arrowup u2191 +
532 ↕ \[va] arrowupdn u2195
533 ⇐ \[lA] arrowdblleft u21D0
534 ⇒ \[rA] arrowdblright u21D2
535 ⇔ \[hA] arrowdblboth u21D4 (horizontal)
536 ⇓ \[dA] arrowdbldown u21D3
537 ⇑ \[uA] arrowdblup u21D1
538 ⇕ \[vA] uni21D5 u21D5 vertical double-
539 headed double
540 arrow
541 ⎯ \[an] arrowhorizex u23AF horizontal arrow
542 extension
543 Lines
545 The font-invariant glyphs `br', `ul', and `rn' form corners; they can
547 be used to build boxes. Note that both the PostScript and the Unicode-
548 derived names of these three glyphs are just rough approximations.
549 `rn' also serves in classical troff as the horizontal extension of the
551 square root sign.
552 `ru' is a font-invariant glyph, namely a rule of length 0.5m.
554 Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
556 name name decomposed
557 | \[ba] bar u007C
559 │ \[br] SF110000 u2502 box rule +
560 _ \[ul] underscore u005F +
561 ‾ \[rn] overline u203E use `\[radicalex]' for
562 continuation of square
563 root +
564 _ \[ru] --- --- baseline rule +
565 ¦ \[bb] brokenbar u00A6
566 / \[sl] slash u002F +
567 \ \[rs] backslash u005C reverse solidus
568 Text markers
570 ○ \[ci] circle u25CB +
572 · \[bu] bullet u2022 +
573 ‡ \[dd] daggerdbl u2021 double dagger sign +
574 † \[dg] dagger u2020 +
575 ◊ \[lz] lozenge u25CA
576 □ \[sq] uni25A1 u25A1 white square +
577 ¶ \[ps] paragraph u00B6
578 § \[sc] section u00A7 +
579 ☜ \[lh] uni261C u261C hand pointing left +
580 ☞ \[rh] a14 u261E hand pointing right +
581 @ \[at] at u0040
582 # \[sh] numbersign u0023
583 ↵ \[CR] carriagereturn u21B5
584 ✓ \[OK] a19 u2713 check mark, tick
585 Legal Symbols
587 © \[co] copyright u00A9 +
589 ® \[rg] registered u00AE +
590 ™ \[tm] trademark u2122
591 (N/A) \[bs] --- --- AT&T Bell Labs logo
592 (not used in groff) +
593 Currency symbols
595 $ \[Do] dollar u0024
597 ¢ \[ct] cent u00A2 +
598 € \[eu] --- u20AC official Euro symbol
599 € \[Eu] Euro u20AC font-specific Euro
600 glyph variant
601 ¥ \[Ye] yen u00A5
602 £ \[Po] sterling u00A3 British currency sign
603 ¤ \[Cs] currency u00A4 Scandinavian currency
604 sign
605 ƒ \[Fn] florin u0192 Dutch currency sign
606 Units
608 ° \[de] degree u00B0 +
610 ‰ \[%0] perthousand u2030 per thousand, per
611 mille sign
612 ′ \[fm] minute u2032 footmark, prime +
613 ″ \[sd] second u2033
614 µ \[mc] mu u00B5 micro sign
615 ª \[Of] ordfeminine u00AA
616 º \[Om] ordmasculine u00BA
617 Logical Symbols
619 ∧ \[AN] logicaland u2227
621 ∨ \[OR] logicalor u2228
622 ¬ \[no] logicalnot u00AC +
623 ¬ \[tno] logicalnot u00AC text variant of `no'
624 ∃ \[te] existential u2203 there exists, existen‐
625 tial quantifier
626 ∀ \[fa] universal u2200 for all, universal
627 quantifier
628 ∋ \[st] suchthat u220B
629 ∴ \[3d] therefore u2234
630 ∴ \[tf] therefore u2234
631 | \[or] bar u007C bitwise OR operator
632 (as used in C) +
633 Mathematical Symbols
635 ½ \[12] onehalf u00BD +
637 ¼ \[14] onequarter u00BC +
638 ¾ \[34] threequarters u00BE +
639 ⅛ \[18] oneeighth u215B
640 ⅜ \[38] threeeighths u215C
641 ⅝ \[58] fiveeighths u215D
642 ⅞ \[78] seveneighths u215E
643 ¹ \[S1] onesuperior u00B9
644 ² \[S2] twosuperior u00B2
645 ³ \[S3] threesuperior u00B3
646 + \[pl] plus u002B plus sign in special
647 font +
648 − \[mi] minus u2212 minus sign in special
649 font +
650 ∓ \[-+] uni2213 u2213
651 ± \[+-] plusminus u00B1 +
652 ± \[t+-] plusminus u00B1 text variant of `+-'
653 · \[pc] periodcentered u00B7
654 ⋅ \[md] dotmath u22C5 multiplication dot
655 × \[mu] multiply u00D7 +
656 × \[tmu] multiply u00D7 text variant of `mu'
657 ⊗ \[c*] circlemultiply u2297 multiply sign in a
658 circle
659 ⊕ \[c+] circleplus u2295 plus sign in a circle
660 ÷ \[di] divide u00F7 division sign +
661 ÷ \[tdi] divide u00F7 text variant of `di'
662 ⁄ \[f/] fraction u2044 bar for fractions
663 ∗ \[**] asteriskmath u2217 +
664 ≤ \[<=] lessequal u2264 +
665 ≥ \[>=] greaterequal u2265 +
666 ≪ \[<<] uni226A u226A much less
667 ≫ \[>>] uni226B u226B much greater
668 = \[eq] equal u003D equals sign in special
669 font +
670 ≠ \[!=] notequal u003D_0338 +
671 ≡ \[==] equivalence u2261 +
672 ≢ \[ne] uni2262 u2261_0338
673 ≅ \[=~] congruent u2245 approx. equal
674 ≃ \[|=] uni2243 u2243 asymptot. equal to +
675 ∼ \[ap] similar u223C +
676 ≈ \[~~] approxequal u2248 almost equal to
677 ≈ \[~=] approxequal u2248
678 ∝ \[pt] proportional u221D +
679 ∅ \[es] emptyset u2205 +
680 ∈ \[mo] element u2208 +
681 ∉ \[nm] notelement u2208_0338
682 ⊂ \[sb] propersubset u2282 +
683 ⊄ \[nb] notsubset u2282_0338
684 ⊃ \[sp] propersuperset u2283 +
685 ⊅ \[nc] uni2285 u2283_0338 not superset
686 ⊆ \[ib] reflexsubset u2286 +
687 ⊇ \[ip] reflexsuperset u2287 +
688 ∩ \[ca] intersection u2229 intersection, cap +
689 ∪ \[cu] union u222A union, cup +
690 ∠ \[/_] angle u2220
691 ⊥ \[pp] perpendicular u22A5
692 ∫ \[is] integral u222B +
693 ∫ \[integral] integral u222B ***
694 ∑ \[sum] summation u2211 ***
695 ∏ \[product] product u220F ***
696 ∐ \[coproduct] uni2210 u2210 ***
697 ∇ \[gr] gradient u2207 +
698 √ \[sr] radical u221A square root +
699 √ \[sqrt] radical u221A ***
700 (N/A) \[radicalex] radicalex --- continuation of square
701 root
702 (N/A) \[sqrtex] radicalex --- ***
703 ⌈ \[lc] uni2308 u2308 left ceiling +
704 ⌉ \[rc] uni2309 u2309 right ceiling +
705 ⌊ \[lf] uni230A u230A left floor +
706 ⌋ \[rf] uni230B u230B right floor +
707 ∞ \[if] infinity u221E +
708 ℵ \[Ah] aleph u2135
709 ℑ \[Im] Ifraktur u2111 Gothic I, imaginary
710 ℜ \[Re] Rfraktur u211C Gothic R, real
711 ℘ \[wp] weierstrass u2118 Weierstrass p
712 ∂ \[pd] partialdiff u2202 partial differentia‐
713 tion sign +
714 ℏ \[-h] uni210F u210F Planck constant over
715 two pi
716 ℏ \[hbar] uni210F u210F
717 Greek glyphs
719 These glyphs are intended for technical use, not for real Greek; nor‐
721 mally, the uppercase letters have upright shape, and the lowercase ones
722 are slanted. There is a problem with the mapping of letter phi to Uni‐
723 code. Prior to Unicode version 3.0, the difference between U+03C6,
724 GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI, and U+03D5, GREEK PHI SYMBOL, was not clearly
725 described; only the glyph shapes in the Unicode book could be used as a
726 reference. Starting with Unicode 3.0, the reference glyphs have been
727 exchanged and described verbally also: In mathematical context, U+03D5
728 is the stroked variant and U+03C6 the curly glyph. Unfortunately, most
729 font vendors didn't update their fonts to this (incompatible) change in
730 Unicode. At the time of this writing (January 2006), it is not clear
731 yet whether the Adobe Glyph Names `phi' and `phi1' also change its
732 meaning if used for mathematics, thus compatibility problems are likely
733 to happen – being conservative, groff currently assumes that `phi' in a
734 PostScript symbol font is the stroked version.
735 In groff, symbol `\[*f]' always denotes the stroked version of phi, and
737 `\[+f]' the curly variant.
738 Α \[*A] Alpha u0391 +
740 Β \[*B] Beta u0392 +
741 Γ \[*G] Gamma u0393 +
742 Δ \[*D] Delta u0394 +
743 Ε \[*E] Epsilon u0395 +
744 Ζ \[*Z] Zeta u0396 +
745 Η \[*Y] Eta u0397 +
746 Θ \[*H] Theta u0398 +
747 Ι \[*I] Iota u0399 +
748 Κ \[*K] Kappa u039A +
749 Λ \[*L] Lambda u039B +
750 Μ \[*M] Mu u039C +
751 Ν \[*N] Nu u039D +
752 Ξ \[*C] Xi u039E +
753 Ο \[*O] Omicron u039F +
754 Π \[*P] Pi u03A0 +
755 Ρ \[*R] Rho u03A1 +
756 Σ \[*S] Sigma u03A3 +
757 Τ \[*T] Tau u03A4 +
758 Υ \[*U] Upsilon u03A5 +
759 Φ \[*F] Phi u03A6 +
760 Χ \[*X] Chi u03A7 +
761 Ψ \[*Q] Psi u03A8 +
762 Ω \[*W] Omega u03A9 +
763 α \[*a] alpha u03B1 +
764 β \[*b] beta u03B2 +
765 γ \[*g] gamma u03B3 +
766 δ \[*d] delta u03B4 +
767 ε \[*e] epsilon u03B5 +
768 ζ \[*z] zeta u03B6 +
769 η \[*y] eta u03B7 +
770 θ \[*h] theta u03B8 +
771 ι \[*i] iota u03B9 +
772 κ \[*k] kappa u03BA +
773 λ \[*l] lambda u03BB +
774 μ \[*m] mu u03BC +
775 ν \[*n] nu u03BD +
776 ξ \[*c] xi u03BE +
777 ο \[*o] omicron u03BF +
778 π \[*p] pi u03C0 +
779 ρ \[*r] rho u03C1 +
780 ς \[ts] sigma1 u03C2 terminal sigma +
781 σ \[*s] sigma u03C3 +
782 τ \[*t] tau u03C4 +
783 υ \[*u] upsilon u03C5 +
784 ϕ \[*f] phi u03D5 (stroked glyph)+
785 χ \[*x] chi u03C7 +
786 ψ \[*q] psi u03C8 +
787 ω \[*w] omega u03C9 +
788 ϑ \[+h] theta1 u03D1 variant theta
789 φ \[+f] phi1 u03C6 variant phi (curly
790 shape)
791 ϖ \[+p] omega1 u03D6 variant pi, looking
792 like omega
793 ϵ \[+e] uni03F5 u03F5 variant epsilon
794 Card symbols
796 ♣ \[CL] club u2663 black club suit
798 ♠ \[SP] spade u2660 black spade suit
799 ♥ \[HE] heart u2665 black heart suit
800 ♢ \[u2662] uni2662 u2662 white heart suit
801 ♦ \[DI] diamond u2666 black diamond suit
802 ♡ \[u2661] uni2661 u2661 white diamond suit
803
805 Copyright © 1989-2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009 Free
806 Software Foundation, Inc.
807 This document is distributed under the terms of the FDL (GNU Free Docu‐
809 mentation License) version 1.3 or later. You should have received a
810 copy of the FDL on your system, it is also available on-line at the GNU
811 copyleft site ⟨http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html⟩.
812 This document is part of groff, the GNU roff distribution. It was
814 written by James Clark ⟨jjc@jclark.com⟩ with additions by Werner
815 Lemberg ⟨wl@gnu.org⟩ and Bernd Warken ⟨bwarken@mayn.de⟩.
816
818 groff(1)
819 the GNU roff formatter
820 groff(7)
822 a short reference of the groff formatting language
823 An extension to the troff character set for Europe, E.G. Keizer, K.J.
825 Simonsen, J. Akkerhuis; EUUG Newsletter, Volume 9, No. 2, Summer 1989
826 The Unicode Standard ⟨http://www.unicode.org⟩
828Groff Version 1.20.1 9 January 2009 GROFF_CHAR(7)