1JOIN(1)                          User Commands                         JOIN(1)
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NAME

6       join - join lines of two files on a common field
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SYNOPSIS

9       join [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
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DESCRIPTION

12       For  each  pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a line
13       to standard output.  The default join field is the first, delimited  by
14       whitespace.  When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.
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16       -a FILENUM
17              also  print unpairable lines from file FILENUM, where FILENUM is
18              1 or 2, corresponding to FILE1 or FILE2
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20       -e EMPTY
21              replace missing input fields with EMPTY
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23       -i, --ignore-case
24              ignore differences in case when comparing fields
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26       -j FIELD
27              equivalent to '-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'
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29       -o FORMAT
30              obey FORMAT while constructing output line
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32       -t CHAR
33              use CHAR as input and output field separator
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35       -v FILENUM
36              like -a FILENUM, but suppress joined output lines
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38       -1 FIELD
39              join on this FIELD of file 1
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41       -2 FIELD
42              join on this FIELD of file 2
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44       --check-order
45              check that the input is correctly  sorted,  even  if  all  input
46              lines are pairable
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48       --nocheck-order
49              do not check that the input is correctly sorted
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51       --header
52              treat  the  first line in each file as field headers, print them
53              without trying to pair them
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55       -z, --zero-terminated
56              end lines with 0 byte, not newline
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58       --help display this help and exit
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60       --version
61              output version information and exit
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63       Unless -t CHAR  is  given,  leading  blanks  separate  fields  and  are
64       ignored,  else fields are separated by CHAR.  Any FIELD is a field num‐
65       ber counted from 1.  FORMAT is one or more  comma  or  blank  separated
66       specifications, each being 'FILENUM.FIELD' or '0'.  Default FORMAT out‐
67       puts the join field, the remaining fields  from  FILE1,  the  remaining
68       fields  from  FILE2,  all  separated by CHAR.  If FORMAT is the keyword
69       'auto', then the first line of  each  file  determines  the  number  of
70       fields output for each line.
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72       Important:  FILE1  and  FILE2 must be sorted on the join fields.  E.g.,
73       use "sort -k 1b,1" if 'join' has no options, or use  "join  -t  ''"  if
74       'sort'  has no options.  Note, comparisons honor the rules specified by
75       'LC_COLLATE'.  If the input is not sorted  and  some  lines  cannot  be
76       joined, a warning message will be given.
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78       GNU  coreutils  online  help:  <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
79       Report join translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>
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AUTHOR

82       Written by Mike Haertel.
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85       Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.   License  GPLv3+:  GNU
86       GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
87       This  is  free  software:  you  are free to change and redistribute it.
88       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
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SEE ALSO

91       comm(1), uniq(1)
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93       The full documentation for join is maintained as a Texinfo manual.   If
94       the  info  and  join  programs are properly installed at your site, the
95       command
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97              info coreutils 'join invocation'
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99       should give you access to the complete manual.
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103GNU coreutils 8.22               October 2018                          JOIN(1)
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