1PSCOUPE(1) Generic Mapping Tools PSCOUPE(1)
2
6 pscoupe - Plot cross-sections of focal mechanisms.
7
9 pscoupe files -Jparameters -Rwest/east/south/north[r] -Aparameters [
10 -B[p|s]parameters ] [ -Efill ] [ -Gfill ] [ -H[i][nrec] ] [ -K ] [
11 -L[pen] ] [ -M ] [ -N ] [ -O ] [ -P ] [ -S<format><scale>[/d] ] [
12 -s<symbol><size>[/d] ] [ -Tn ] [ -U[just/dx/dy/][c|label] ] [ -V ] [
13 -Wpen ] [ -X[a|c|r][x-shift[u]] ] [ -Y[a|c|r][y-shift[u]] ] [ -Zcpt ] [
14 -a[size/[P_symbol/[T_symbol]]] ] [ -gfill ] [ -efill ] [ -ppen ] [
15 -tpen ] [ -:[i|o] ] [ -ccopies ]
16
18 pscoupe reads data values from files [or standard input] and generates
19 PostScript code that will plot symbols, lines or polygons on a cross-
20 section. Focal mechanisms may be specified and require additional
21 columns of data. The PostScript code is written to standard output.
22 files list one or more file-names. If no files are given, pscoupe will
24 read standard input.
25 A new file is created with the new coordinates (x, y) and the mechanism
27 (from lower focal half-sphere for horizontal plane, to half-sphere
28 behind a vertical plane). When the plane is not horizontal, - north
29 direction becomes upwards steepest descent direction of the plane (u) -
30 east direction becomes strike direction of the plane (s) - down direc‐
31 tion (= north^east) becomes u^s
32 Axis angles are defined in the same way as in horizontal plane in the
33 new system.
34 Moment tensor (initially in r, t, f system that is up, south, east) is
35 defined in (-u^s, -u, s) system. A file is created with extracted
36 events.
37 -J Selects the map projection. Scale is UNIT/degree, 1:xxxxx, or
40 width in UNIT (upper case modifier). UNIT is cm, inch, or m,
41 depending on the MEASURE_UNIT setting in .gmtdefaults4, but this
42 can be overridden on the command line by appending c, i, or m to
43 the scale/width value. When central meridian is optional,
44 default is center of longitude range on -R option. Default
45 standard parallel is the equator. For map height, max dimen‐
46 sion, or min dimension, append h, +, or - to the width, respec‐
47 tively.
48 More details can be found in the psbasemap man pages.
49 CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:
51 -Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
53 -Jcyl_stere/[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Cylindrical Stereographic)
54 -Jj[lon0/]scale (Miller)
55 -Jm[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Mercator)
56 -Jmlon0/lat0/scale (Mercator - Give meridian and standard paral‐
57 lel)
58 -Jo[a]lon0/lat0/azimuth/scale (Oblique Mercator - point and
59 azimuth)
60 -Jo[b]lon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale (Oblique Mercator - two points)
61 -Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale (Oblique Mercator - point and
62 pole)
63 -Jq[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Cylindrical Equidistant)
64 -Jtlon0/[lat0/]scale (TM - Transverse Mercator)
65 -Juzone/scale (UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator)
66 -Jy[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Cylindrical Equal-Area)
67 CONIC PROJECTIONS:
69 -Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
71 -Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Conic Equidistant)
72 -Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert Conic Conformal)
73 -Jpoly/[lon0/[lat0/]]scale ((American) Polyconic)
74 AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:
76 -Jalon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area)
78 -Jelon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Azimuthal Equidistant)
79 -Jflon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Gnomonic)
80 -Jglon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Orthographic)
81 -Jglon0/lat0/altitude/azimuth/tilt/twist/Width/Height/scale
82 (General Perspective).
83 -Jslon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (General Stereographic)
84 MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:
86 -Jh[lon0/]scale (Hammer)
88 -Ji[lon0/]scale (Sinusoidal)
89 -Jkf[lon0/]scale (Eckert IV)
90 -Jk[s][lon0/]scale (Eckert VI)
91 -Jn[lon0/]scale (Robinson)
92 -Jr[lon0/]scale (Winkel Tripel)
93 -Jv[lon0/]scale (Van der Grinten)
94 -Jw[lon0/]scale (Mollweide)
95 NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:
97 -Jp[a]scale[/origin][r|z] (Polar coordinates (theta,r))
99 -Jxx-scale[d|l|ppow|t|T][/y-scale[d|l|ppow|t|T]] (Linear, log,
100 and power scaling)
101 -R west, east, south, and north specify the Region of interest, and
103 you may specify them in decimal degrees or in
104 [+-]dd:mm[:ss.xxx][W|E|S|N] format. Append r if lower left and
105 upper right map coordinates are given instead of w/e/s/n. The
106 two shorthands -Rg and -Rd stand for global domain (0/360 and
107 -180/+180 in longitude respectively, with -90/+90 in latitude).
108 Alternatively, specify the name of an existing grid file and the
109 -R settings (and grid spacing, if applicable) are copied from
110 the grid. If frame is defined from cross-section parameters
111 (see -A) this option is not taken into account, but must be
112 present.
113 -A selects the cross-section.
115 -Aalon1/lat1/lon2/lat2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
116 lon and lat are the longitude and latitude of points 1 and 2
117 limiting the length of the cross-section.
118 dip is the dip of the plane on which the cross-section is made.
119 p_width is the width of the cross-section on each side of a ver‐
120 tical plane or above and under an oblique plane.
121 dmin and dmax are the distances min and max from horizontal
122 plane, along steepest descent direction.
123 Add f to get the frame from the cross-section parameters.
124 -Ablon1/lat1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
125 lon1 and lat1 are the longitude and latitude of the beginning of
126 the cross-section.
127 strike is the azimuth of the direction of the cross-section.
128 p_length is the length along which the cross-section is made.
129 The other parameters are the same as for -Aa option.
130 -Acx1/y1/x2/y2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
131 The same as -Aa option with x and y cartesian coordinates.
132 -Adx1/y1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
133 The same as -Ab option with x and y cartesian coordinates.
134 -S selects the meaning of the columns in the data file and the fig‐
136 ure to be plotted.
137 -Sascale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
139 Focal mechanisms in Aki and Richards convention. scale adjusts
140 the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be
141 proportional to the magnitude. The scale is the size for magni‐
142 tude = 5 in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to
143 indicate that the size information is in units of cm, inches,
144 meters, or points, respectively). Use the -T option to render
145 the beach ball transparent by drawing only the nodal planes and
146 the circumference. The color or shade of the compressive quad‐
147 rants can be specified with the -G option. The color or shade
148 of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
149 Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:
150 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
153 depth of event in kilometers
155 strike, dip and rake
157 magnitude
159 not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format
161 text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under (add u).
163 -Scscale
166 Focal mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention. scale adjusts the
167 scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be pro‐
168 portional to the magnitude. The scale is the size for magnitude
169 = 5 (that is M0 = 4E+23 dynes-cm.) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c,
170 i, m, or p is appended to indicate that the size information is
171 in units of cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively). Use
172 the -T option to render the beach ball transparent by drawing
173 only the nodal planes and the circumference. The color or shade
174 of the compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G
175 option. The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be
176 specified with the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in
177 the following columns:
178 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
180 depth of event in kilometers
182 strike, dip, and slip of plane 1
184 strike, dip, and slip of plane 2
186 mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm (if magnitude is uses
188 instead of scalar moment, magnitude is in column 10 and 0 must be in
189 column 11)
190 not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format
192 text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under (add u).
194 -Spscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
197 Focal mechanisms given with partial data on both planes.
198 scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach
199 ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. The
200 scale is the size for magnitude = 5 in MEASURE_UNIT (unless
201 c, i, m, or p is appended to indicate that the size infor‐
202 mation is in units of cm, inches, meters, or points,
203 respectively). The color or shade of the compressive quad‐
204 rants can be specified with the -G option. The color or
205 shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the
206 -E option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
207 columns:
208 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
210 depth
212 strike, dip of plane 1
214 strike of plane 2
216 must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault
218 magnitude
220 not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format
222 text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under (add u).
224 -Sm|d|zscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
227 Seismic moment tensor (Harvard CMT, with zero trace). scale
228 adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which
229 will be proportional to the magnitude. The scale is the size
230 for magnitude = 5 (that is seismic scalar moment = 4E+23
231 dynes-cm) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to
232 indicate that the size information is in units of cm, inches,
233 meters, or points, respectively). (-T0 option overlays best
234 double couple transparently.) Put -Sdscale[/fontsize[/off‐
235 set[u]]] to plot the only double couple part of moment tensor.
236 Put -Szscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic part
237 of moment tensor (zero trace). The color or shade of the com‐
238 pressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The
239 color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified
240 with the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in the fol‐
241 lowing columns:
242 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
244 depth of event in kilometers
246 mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-cm
248 exponent
250 Not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format
252 Text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under (add u).
254 -Sxscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
257 Principal axis. scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of
258 the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the magni‐
259 tude. The scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is seis‐
260 mic scalar moment = 4*10e+23 dynes-cm) in MEASURE_UNIT
261 (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to indicate that the size
262 information is in units of cm, inches, meters, or points,
263 respectively). (-T0 option overlays best double couple
264 transparently.) Put -Syscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot
265 the only double couple part of moment tensor. Put
266 -Stscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic part of
267 moment tensor (zero trace). The color or shade of the com‐
268 pressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The
269 color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified
270 with the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in the
271 following columns:
272 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
274 depth of event in kilometers
276 value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of the T, N, and P
278 axes.
279 exponent
281 longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in these
283 columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0 in
284 columns 9 and 10 will plot the beach ball at the longi‐
285 tude, latitude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option
286 will interchange the order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
287 Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
289 -ssymbol[size[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
291 selects a symbol instead of mechanism. Choose from the
292 following: (c) circle, (d) diamond, (i) itriangle, (s)
293 square, (t) triangle, (x) cross. size is the symbol size
294 in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to
295 indicate that the size information is in units of cm,
296 inches, meters, or points, respectively). If size must
297 be read, it must be in column 4 and the text string will
298 start in column 5. Parameters are expected to be in the
299 following columns:
300 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
302 depth of event in kilometers
304 Text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under (add u).
306
308 No space between the option flag and the associated arguments.
309 -B Sets map boundary annotation and tickmark intervals; see the
311 psbasemap man page for all the details.
312 -Efill Selects filling of extensive quadrants. Usually white. Set the
314 shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 255/255/255].
315 -Gfill Selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention, the compres‐
317 sional quadrants are shaded. Set the shade (0-255) or color
318 (r/g/b) [Default is 0/0/0]. Optionally, specify -Gpi‐
319 con_size/pattern, where pattern gives the number of the image
320 pattern (1-90) OR the name of a Sun rasterfile. icon_size sets
321 the unit size in inches. To invert black and white pixels, use
322 -GP instead of -Gp. See Appendix E for information on individ‐
323 ual patterns.
324 -H Input file(s) has header record(s). If used, the default number
326 of header records is N_HEADER_RECS. Use -Hi if only input data
327 should have header records [Default will write out header
328 records if the input data have them]. Blank lines and lines
329 starting with # are always skipped.
330 -K More PostScript code will be appended later [Default terminates
332 the plot system].
333 -L[pen]
335 Draws the "beach ball" outline using current pen (see -W) or
336 sets pen attributes.
337 -M Same size for any magnitude.
339 -N Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside map border [Default
341 plots points inside border only].
342 -O Selects Overlay plot mode [Default initializes a new plot sys‐
344 tem].
345 -P Selects Portrait plotting mode [Default is Landscape, see gmtde‐
347 faults to change this].
348 -T[num_of_planes]
350 Plots the nodal planes and outlines the bubble which is trans‐
351 parent. If num_of_planes is
352 0: both nodal planes are plotted;
353 1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;
354 2: only the second nodal plane is plotted [Default: 0].
355 -U Draw Unix System time stamp on plot. By adding just/dx/dy/, the
357 user may specify the justification of the stamp and where the
358 stamp should fall on the page relative to lower left corner of
359 the plot. For example, BL/0/0 will align the lower left corner
360 of the time stamp with the lower left corner of the plot.
361 Optionally, append a label, or c (which will plot the command
362 string.). The GMT parameters UNIX_TIME, UNIX_TIME_POS, and
363 UNIX_TIME_FORMAT can affect the appearance; see the gmtdefaults
364 man page for details. The time string will be in the locale set
365 by the environment variable TZ (generally local time).
366 -V Selects verbose mode, which will send progress reports to stderr
368 [Default runs "silently"].
369 -W set pen attributes for text string or default pen attributes for
371 fault plane edges. [Defaults: width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture
372 = solid].
373 -X -Y Shift plot origin relative to the current origin by (x-shift,y-
375 shift) and optionally append the length unit (c, i, m, p). You
376 can prepend a to shift the origin back to the original position
377 after plotting, or prepend r [Default] to reset the current
378 origin to the new location. If -O is used then the default (x-
379 shift,y-shift) is (0,0), otherwise it is (r1i, r1i) or (r2.5c,
380 r2.5c). Alternatively, give c to align the center coordinate (x
381 or y) of the plot with the center of the page based on current
382 page size.
383 -Zcptfile
385 Give a color palette file and let compressive part color be
386 determined by the z-value in the third column.
387 -a[size/[P_axis_symbol/[T_axis_symbol]]]
389 Computes and plots P and T axes with symbols. Optionally specify
390 size and (separate) P and T axis symbols from the following: (c)
391 circle, (d) diamond, (h) hexagon, (i) inverse triangle,
392 (p)point, (s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross. [Defaults:
393 0.2c/c/c or 0.08i/c/c.]
394 -efill Selects filling of T axis symbol. Set the shade (0-255) or
396 color (r/g/b) [Default is color of extensive parts.]
397 -gfill Selects filling of P axis symbol. Set the shade (0-255) or
399 color (r/g/b) [Default is color of compressive parts.]
400 -p[pen]
402 Draws the P axis outline using current pen (see -W), or sets pen
403 attributes.
404 -t[pen]
406 Draws the T axis outline using current pen (see -W), or sets pen
407 attributes.
408 -: Toggles between (longitude,latitude) and (latitude,longitude)
410 input and/or output. [Default is (longitude,latitude)]. Append
411 i to select input only or o to select output only. [Default
412 affects both].
413 -c Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1].
415
417 GMT(1), psbasemap(1), psmeca(1), psxy(1)
418
421 Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 1980.
422 Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman, 1980.
423 F. A. Dahlen and Jeroen Tromp, Theoretical Seismology, Princeton, 1998,
424 p.167. Definition of scalar moment.
425 Cliff Frohlich, Cliff's Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal Lines for P, Sh
426 and Sv
427 Seismological Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, January-February,
428 1996
429 Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology, Academic Press,
430 1995, p.384.
431 W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery, Numerical
432 Recipes in C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)
433
436 Genevieve Patau
437 CNRS UMR 7580
438 Seismology Dept.
439 Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
440 (patau@ipgp.jussieu.fr)
441GMT 4.5.6 10 Mar 2011 PSCOUPE(1)