1as(1) User Commands as(1)
2
6 as - assembler
7
9 SPARC
10 as [-b] [-i] [-K {pic,PIC}] [-L] [-m] [-n] [-o outfile]
11 [-P] [-Dname] [-Dname=def] [-Ipath] [-Uname]... [-q]
12 [-Qy | n] [-s] [-S [a | b | c | l | A | B | C | L]]
13 [-T] [-V]
14 [-xarch=v7 | -xarch=v8 | -xarch=v8a | -xarch=v8plus |
15 -xarch=v8plusa | -xarch=v8plusb | -xarch=v8plusd |
16 -xarch=v8plusv | -xarch=v9 | -xarch=v9a |
17 -xarch=v9b | -xarch=v9d | -xarch=v9v]
18 [-xF] [-Y dirname] filename...
19 x86
22 as [-b] [-i] [-K PIC] [-L] [-m] [-n] [-o outfile] [-P]
23 [-Dname] [-Dname=def] [-Ipath] [-Uname]... [-Qy | n]
24 [-s] [-S [a | b | c | l | A | B | C | L]] [-T] [-V]
25 [-xarch=generic64 | -xarch=amd64] [-Y dirname]
26 [-xmodel= [ SMALL | KERNEL ]] filename...
27
30 The as command creates object files from assembly language source
31 files.
32
34 Common Options
35 The following flags are common to both SPARC and x86. They can be spec‐
36 ified in any order:
37 -b Generates extra symbol table information.
39 -i Ignore line number information from preproces‐
42 sor.
43 -K pic | PIC Generates position-independent code.
46 -L Saves all symbols, including temporary labels
49 that are normally discarded to save space, in
50 the ELF symbol table.
51 -m Runs the m4(1) macro processor on the input to
54 the assembler.
55 -n Suppresses all the warnings while assembling.
58 -o outfile Puts the output of the assembly in outfile. By
61 default, the output file name is formed by
62 removing the .s suffix, if there is one, from
63 the input file name and appending a .o suffix.
64 -P Runs cpp(1), the C preprocessor, on the files
67 being assembled. The preprocessor is run sepa‐
68 rately on each input file, not on their concate‐
69 nation. The preprocessor output is passed to the
70 assembler.
71 -Dname When the -P option is in effect, these options
74 -Dname=def are passed to the cpp(1) preprocessor without
75 interpretation by the as command; otherwise,
76 they are ignored.
77 -Ipath When the -P option is in effect, this option is
80 passed to the cpp(1) preprocessor without inter‐
81 pretation by the as command; otherwise, it is
82 ignored.
83 -Uname When the -P option is in effect, this option is
86 passed to the cpp(1) preprocessor without inter‐
87 pretation by the as command; otherwise, it is
88 ignored.
89 -Qy | n If y is specified, this option produces the
92 assembler version information in the comment
93 section of the output object file. If n is spec‐
94 ified, the information is suppressed.
95 -s Places all stabs in the .stabs section. By
98 default, stabs are placed in stabs.excl sec‐
99 tions, which are stripped out by the static
100 linker, ld(1), during final execution. When the
101 -s option is used, stabs remain in the final
102 executable because .stab sections are not
103 stripped by the static linker.
104 -S[a|b|c|l|A|B|C|L] Produces a disassembly of the emitted code to
107 the standard output. Adding each of the follow‐
108 ing characters to the -S option produces:
109 a disassembling with address
111 b disassembling with ".bof"
114 c disassembling with comments
117 l disassembling with line numbers
120 Capital letters turn the switch off for the cor‐
122 responding option.
123 -T This is a migration option for 4.x assembly
126 files to be assembled on 5.x systems. With this
127 option, the symbol names in 4.x assembly files
128 are interpreted as 5.x symbol names.
129 -V Writes the version number of the assembler being
132 run on the standard error output.
133 -xF Allows function reordering by the Performance
136 Analyzer. If you compile with the -xF option,
137 and then run the Performance Analyzer, you can
138 generate a map file that shows an optimized
139 order for the functions. The subsequent link to
140 build the executable file can be directed to use
141 that map file by using the linker -M mapfile
142 option. It places each function from the exe‐
143 cutable file into a separate section.
144 -Y dirname Specify directory m4 and/or cm4def.
147 Options for SPARC only
150 -q Performs a quick assembly. When the -q option is
151 used, many error checks are not performed. This
152 option disables many error checks. Use of this option
153 to assemble handwritten assembly language is not rec‐
154 ommended.
155 -xarch=v7 This option instructs the assembler to accept
158 instructions defined in the SPARC version 7 (V7)
159 architecture. The resulting object code is in ELF
160 format.
161 -xarch=v8 This option instructs the assembler to accept
164 instructions defined in the SPARC-V8 architecture,
165 less the quad-precision floating-point instructions.
166 The resulting object code is in ELF format.
167 -xarch=v8a This option instructs the assembler to accept
170 instructions defined in the SPARC-V8 architecture,
171 less the quad-precision floating-point instructions
172 and less the fsmuld instruction. The resulting object
173 code is in ELF format. This is the default choice of
174 the -xarch=options.
175 -xarch=v8plus This option instructs the assembler to accept
178 instructions defined in the SPARC-V9 architecture,
179 less the quad-precision floating-point instructions.
180 The resulting object code is in ELF format. It does
181 not execute on a Solaris V8 system (a machine with a
182 V8 processor). It executes on a Solaris V8+ system.
183 This combination is a SPARC 64-bit processor and a
184 32-bit OS.
185 -xarch=v8plusa This option instructs the assembler to accept
188 instructions defined in the SPARC-V9 architecture,
189 less the quad-precision floating-point instructions,
190 plus the instructions in the Visual Instruction Set
191 (VIS). The resulting object code is in V8+ ELF for‐
192 mat. It does not execute on a Solaris V8 system (a
193 machine with a V8 processor). It executes on a
194 Solaris V8+ system
195 -xarch=v8plusb This option enables the assembler to accept instruc‐
198 tions defined in the SPARC-V9 architecture, plus the
199 instructions in the Visual Instruction Set (VIS),
200 with UltraSPARC-III extensions. The resulting object
201 code is in V8+ ELF32 format.
202 -xarch=v8plusd This option enables the assembler to accept instruc‐
205 tions DEFIned in UltraSPARC Architecture 2009. The
206 resulting object code is in V8+ ELF32 format.
207 -xarch=v8plusv This option enables the assembler to accept instruc‐
210 tions defined in UltraSPARC Architecture 2005,
211 including the extensions dealing with the sun4v vir‐
212 tual machine model. The resulting object code is in
213 V8+ ELF32 format.
214 -xarch=v9 This option limits the instruction set to the SPARC-
217 V9 architecture. The resulting .o object files are in
218 64-bit ELF format and can only be linked with other
219 object files in the same format. The resulting exe‐
220 cutable can only be run on a 64-bit SPARC processor
221 running 64-bit Solaris with the 64-bit kernel.
222 -xarch=v9a This option limits the instruction set to the SPARC-
225 V9 architecture, adding the Visual Instruction Set
226 (VIS) and extensions specific to UltraSPARC proces‐
227 sors. The resulting .o object files are in 64-bit ELF
228 format and can only be linked with other object files
229 in the same format. The resulting executable can only
230 be run on a 64-bit SPARC processor running 64-bit
231 Solaris with the 64-bit kernel.
232 -xarch=v9b This option enables the assembler to accept instruc‐
235 tions defined in the SPARC-V9 architecture, plus the
236 Visual Instruction Set (VIS), with UltraSPARC-III
237 extensions. The resulting .o object files are in
238 ELF64 format and can only be linked with other V9
239 object files in the same format. The resulting exe‐
240 cutable can only be run on a 64-bit processor running
241 a 64-bit Solaris operating environment with the
242 64-bit kernel.
243 -xarch=v9d This option enables the assembler to accept instruc‐
246 tions defined in UltraSPARC Architecture 2009. The
247 resulting object code is in ELF64 format.
248 -xarch=v9v This option enables the assembler to accept instruc‐
251 tions defined in UltraSPARC Architecture 2005,
252 including the extensions dealing with the sun4v vir‐
253 tual machine model. The resulting object code is in
254 ELF64 format.
255 Options for x86 Only
258 -xarch>=generic64 Limits the instruction set to AMD64. The
259 resulting object code is in 64-bit ELF for‐
260 mat.
261 -xarch=amd64 Limits the instruction set to AMD64. The
264 resulting object code is in 64-bit ELF for‐
265 mat.
266 -xmodel=[SMALL | KERNEL] For AMD64 only, generate R_X86_64_32S relo‐
269 catable type for static data access under
270 KERNEL. Otherwise, generate R_X86_64_32
271 under SMALL. SMALL is the default.
272
275 The following operand is supported:
276 filename Assembly language source file
278
281 TMPDIR The as command normally creates temporary files in the direc‐
282 tory /tmp. Another directory can be specified by setting the
283 environment variable TMPDIR to the chosen directory. (If
284 TMPDIR is not a valid directory, then as uses /tmp).
285
288 By default, as creates its temporary files in /tmp.
289
291 See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
292 ┌─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
297 │ ATTRIBUTE TYPE │ ATTRIBUTE VALUE │
298 ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
299 │Availability │SUNWsprot │
300 └─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
301
303 cpp(1),ld(1), m4(1), nm(1), strip(1), tmpnam(3C), a.out(4),
304 attributes(5)
305 dbx and analyzer manual pages available with Sun Studio documentation.
308
310 If the -m option, which invokes the m4(1) macro processor, is used,
311 keywords for m4 cannot be used as symbols (variables, functions,
312 labels) in the input file, since m4 cannot determine which keywords are
313 assembler symbols and which keywords are real m4 macros.
314 Whenever possible, access the assembler through a compilation system
317 interface program.
318 All undefined symbols are treated as global.
321SunOS 5.11 24 Aug 2009 as(1)