1PERLDIAG(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLDIAG(1)
2
6 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7
9 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10 desperation):
11 (W) A warning (optional).
13 (D) A deprecation (enabled by default).
14 (S) A severe warning (enabled by default).
15 (F) A fatal error (trappable).
16 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
17 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
18 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
19 The majority of messages from the first three classifications above (W,
21 D & S) can be controlled using the "warnings" pragma.
22 If a message can be controlled by the "warnings" pragma, its warning
24 category is included with the classification letter in the description
25 below. E.g. "(W closed)" means a warning in the "closed" category.
26 Optional warnings are enabled by using the "warnings" pragma or the -w
28 and -W switches. Warnings may be captured by setting $SIG{__WARN__} to
29 a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead of
30 printing it. See perlvar.
31 Severe warnings are always enabled, unless they are explicitly disabled
33 with the "warnings" pragma or the -X switch.
34 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See "eval" in
36 perlfunc. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively disabled or
37 promoted to fatal errors using the "warnings" pragma. See warnings.
38 The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or
40 lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are
41 denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are
42 ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than
43 letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a
44 letter.
45 accept() on closed socket %s
47 (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you
48 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
49 "accept" in perlfunc.
50 Aliasing via reference is experimental
52 (S experimental::refaliasing) This warning is emitted if you use a
53 reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment to
54 alias one variable to another. Simply suppress the warning if you
55 want to use the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking
56 the risk of using an experimental feature which may change or be
57 removed in a future Perl version:
58 no warnings "experimental::refaliasing";
60 use feature "refaliasing";
61 \$x = \$y;
62 Allocation too large: %x
64 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
65 '%c' allowed only after types %s in %s
67 (F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or
68 unpack() only after certain types. See "pack" in perlfunc.
69 alpha->numify() is lossy
71 (W numeric) An alpha version can not be numified without losing
72 information.
73 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
75 (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a
76 Perl keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for
77 calling one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because
78 the subroutine is not imported.
79 To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an
81 ampersand before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its
82 package. Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend
83 that it's imported with the "use subs" pragma).
84 To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the "CORE::"
86 prefix on the operator (e.g. "CORE::log($x)") or declare the
87 subroutine to be an object method (see "Subroutine Attributes" in
88 perlsub or attributes).
89 Ambiguous range in transliteration operator
91 (F) You wrote something like "tr/a-z-0//" which doesn't mean
92 anything at all. To include a "-" character in a transliteration,
93 put it either first or last. (In the past, "tr/a-z-0//" was
94 synonymous with "tr/a-y//", which was probably not what you would
95 have expected.)
96 Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
98 (S ambiguous) You said something that may not be interpreted the
99 way you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by
100 supplying a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or
101 declaration.
102 Ambiguous use of -%s resolved as -&%s()
104 (S ambiguous) You wrote something like "-foo", which might be the
105 string "-foo", or a call to the function "foo", negated. If you
106 meant the string, just write "-foo". If you meant the function
107 call, write "-foo()".
108 Ambiguous use of %c resolved as operator %c
110 (S ambiguous) "%", "&", and "*" are both infix operators (modulus,
111 bitwise and, and multiplication) and initial special characters
112 (denoting hashes, subroutines and typeglobs), and you said
113 something like "*foo * foo" that might be interpreted as either of
114 them. We assumed you meant the infix operator, but please try to
115 make it more clear -- in the example given, you might write "*foo *
116 foo()" if you really meant to multiply a glob by the result of
117 calling a function.
118 Ambiguous use of %c{%s} resolved to %c%s
120 (W ambiguous) You wrote something like "@{foo}", which might be
121 asking for the variable @foo, or it might be calling a function
122 named foo, and dereferencing it as an array reference. If you
123 wanted the variable, you can just write @foo. If you wanted to
124 call the function, write "@{foo()}" ... or you could just not have
125 a variable and a function with the same name, and save yourself a
126 lot of trouble.
127 Ambiguous use of %c{%s[...]} resolved to %c%s[...]
129 Ambiguous use of %c{%s{...}} resolved to %c%s{...}
130 (W ambiguous) You wrote something like "${foo[2]}" (where foo
131 represents the name of a Perl keyword), which might be looking for
132 element number 2 of the array named @foo, in which case please
133 write $foo[2], or you might have meant to pass an anonymous
134 arrayref to the function named foo, and then do a scalar deref on
135 the value it returns. If you meant that, write "${foo([2])}".
136 In regular expressions, the "${foo[2]}" syntax is sometimes
138 necessary to disambiguate between array subscripts and character
139 classes. "/$length[2345]/", for instance, will be interpreted as
140 $length followed by the character class "[2345]". If an array
141 subscript is what you want, you can avoid the warning by changing
142 "/${length[2345]}/" to the unsightly "/${\$length[2345]}/", by
143 renaming your array to something that does not coincide with a
144 built-in keyword, or by simply turning off warnings with "no
145 warnings 'ambiguous';".
146 '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
148 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
149 redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also
150 tried to redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a
151 customer, please.
152 '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
154 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
155 redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file
156 and into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the
157 other, though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or
158 Perl script which 'splits' output into two streams, such as
159 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
161 while (<STDIN>) {
162 print;
163 print OUT;
164 }
165 close OUT;
166 Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
168 (W misc) The pattern match ("//"), substitution ("s///"), and
169 transliteration ("tr///") operators work on scalar values. If you
170 apply one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array
171 or hash to a scalar value (the length of an array, or the
172 population info of a hash) and then work on that scalar value.
173 This is probably not what you meant to do. See "grep" in perlfunc
174 and "map" in perlfunc for alternatives.
175 Arg too short for msgsnd
177 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
178 Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
180 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an
181 operator that expected a numeric value instead. If you're
182 fortunate the message will identify which operator was so
183 unfortunate.
184 Note that for the "Inf" and "NaN" (infinity and not-a-number) the
186 definition of "numeric" is somewhat unusual: the strings themselves
187 (like "Inf") are considered numeric, and anything following them is
188 considered non-numeric.
189 Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s"
191 (W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O
192 system you forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers
193 take care of transforming data between external and internal
194 representations.) Perl stopped parsing the layer list at this
195 point and did not attempt to push this layer. If your program
196 didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the
197 result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
198 Argument "%s" treated as 0 in increment (++)
200 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to the "++"
201 operator which expects either a number or a string matching
202 "/^[a-zA-Z]*[0-9]*\z/". See "Auto-increment and Auto-decrement" in
203 perlop for details.
204 Array passed to stat will be coerced to a scalar%s
206 (W syntax) You called stat() on an array, but the array will be
207 coerced to a scalar - the number of elements in the array.
208 A signature parameter must start with '$', '@' or '%'
210 (F) Each subroutine signature parameter declaration must start with
211 a valid sigil; for example:
212 sub foo ($a, $, $b = 1, @c) {}
214 A slurpy parameter may not have a default value
216 (F) Only scalar subroutine signature parameters may have a default
217 value; for example:
218 sub foo ($a = 1) {} # legal
220 sub foo (@a = (1)) {} # invalid
221 sub foo (%a = (a => b)) {} # invalid
222 assertion botched: %s
224 (X) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal
225 failure.
226 Assertion %s failed: file "%s", line %d
228 (X) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be
229 examined.
230 Assigned value is not a reference
232 (F) You tried to assign something that was not a reference to an
233 lvalue reference (e.g., "\$x = $y"). If you meant to make $x an
234 alias to $y, use "\$x = \$y".
235 Assigned value is not %s reference
237 (F) You tried to assign a reference to a reference constructor, but
238 the two references were not of the same type. You cannot alias a
239 scalar to an array, or an array to a hash; the two types must
240 match.
241 \$x = \@y; # error
243 \@x = \%y; # error
244 $y = [];
245 \$x = $y; # error; did you mean \$y?
246 Assigning non-zero to $[ is no longer possible
248 (F) When the "array_base" feature is disabled (e.g., under "use
249 v5.16;") the special variable $[, which is deprecated, is now a
250 fixed zero value.
251 Assignment to both a list and a scalar
253 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd
254 arguments must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise
255 Perl won't know which context to supply to the right side.
256 Assuming NOT a POSIX class since %s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
258 m/%s/
259 (W regexp) You had something like these:
260 [[:alnum]]
262 [[:digit:xyz]
263 They look like they might have been meant to be the POSIX classes
265 "[:alnum:]" or "[:digit:]". If so, they should be written:
266 [[:alnum:]]
268 [[:digit:]xyz]
269 Since these aren't legal POSIX class specifications, but are legal
271 bracketed character classes, Perl treats them as the latter. In
272 the first example, it matches the characters ":", "[", "a", "l",
273 "m", "n", and "u".
274 If these weren't meant to be POSIX classes, this warning message is
276 spurious, and can be suppressed by reordering things, such as
277 [[al:num]]
279 or
281 [[:munla]]
283 <> at require-statement should be quotes
285 (F) You wrote "require <file>" when you should have written
286 "require 'file'".
287 Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
289 (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not
290 in the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
291 Attempt to bless into a freed package
293 (F) You wrote "bless $foo" with one argument after somehow causing
294 the current package to be freed. Perl cannot figure out what to
295 do, so it throws up its hands in despair.
296 Attempt to bless into a reference
298 (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to
299 be the name of the package to bless the resulting object into.
300 You've supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote
301 bless $self, $proto;
303 when you intended
305 bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto;
307 If you actually want to bless into the stringified version of the
309 reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for example
310 by:
311 bless $self, "$proto";
313 Attempt to clear deleted array
315 (S debugging) An array was assigned to when it was being freed.
316 Freed values are not supposed to be visible to Perl code. This can
317 also happen if XS code calls "av_clear" from a custom magic
318 callback on the array.
319 Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
321 (F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a
322 key which is not in its key set.
323 Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
325 (F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
326 declared readonly from a restricted hash.
327 Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%x
329 (S internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from
330 arenas that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was
331 discovered to be outside any of those arenas.
332 Attempt to free nonexistent shared string '%s'%s
334 (S internal) Perl maintains a reference-counted internal table of
335 strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other
336 strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference
337 count of a string that can no longer be found in the table.
338 Attempt to free temp prematurely: SV 0x%x
340 (S debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
341 free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing
342 the SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means
343 that the free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar
344 when it does try to free it.
345 Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
347 (S internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
348 Attempt to free unreferenced scalar: SV 0x%x
350 (S internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar
351 to see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone
352 to 0 earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was
353 freed. This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many
354 times, or that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the
355 SV was mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has
356 been corrupted.
357 Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
359 (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
360 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template.
361 This means the result contains a pointer to a location that could
362 become invalid anytime, even before the end of the current
363 statement. Use literals or global values as arguments to the "p"
364 pack() template to avoid this warning.
365 Attempt to reload %s aborted.
367 (F) You tried to load a file with "use" or "require" that failed to
368 compile once already. Perl will not try to compile this file again
369 unless you delete its entry from %INC. See "require" in perlfunc
370 and "%INC" in perlvar.
371 Attempt to set length of freed array
373 (W misc) You tried to set the length of an array which has been
374 freed. You can do this by storing a reference to the scalar
375 representing the last index of an array and later assigning through
376 that reference. For example
377 $r = do {my @a; \$#a};
379 $$r = 503
380 Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
382 (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to
383 substr() used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you
384 forgot to dereference it first. See "substr" in perlfunc.
385 Attribute prototype(%s) discards earlier prototype attribute in same
387 sub
388 (W misc) A sub was declared as sub foo : prototype(A) :
389 prototype(B) {}, for example. Since each sub can only have one
390 prototype, the earlier declaration(s) are discarded while the last
391 one is applied.
392 av_reify called on tied array
394 (S debugging) This indicates that something went wrong and Perl got
395 very confused about @_ or @DB::args being tied.
396 Bad arg length for %s, is %u, should be %d
398 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(),
399 semctl() or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are,
400 respectively, sizeof(struct msqid_ds *), sizeof(struct semid_ds *),
401 and sizeof(struct shmid_ds *).
402 Bad evalled substitution pattern
404 (F) You've used the "/e" switch to evaluate the replacement for a
405 substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to
406 evaluate, most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
407 Bad filehandle: %s
409 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the
410 symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do
411 an open(), or did it in another package.
412 Bad free() ignored
414 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
415 never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be
416 disabled by setting environment variable "PERL_BADFREE" to 0.
417 This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with
419 "hard" dynamic linking, like "AIX" and "OS/2". It is a bug of
420 "Berkeley DB" which is left unnoticed if "DB" uses forgiving system
421 malloc().
422 Bad hash
424 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
425 Badly placed ()'s
427 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
428 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
429 yourself.
430 Bad name after %s
432 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and
433 then didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't
434 interpolate outside of quotes, so
435 $var = 'myvar';
437 $sym = mypack::$var;
438 is not the same as
440 $var = 'myvar';
442 $sym = "mypack::$var";
443 Bad plugin affecting keyword '%s'
445 (F) An extension using the keyword plugin mechanism violated the
446 plugin API.
447 Bad realloc() ignored
449 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that
450 had never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can
451 be disabled by setting the environment variable "PERL_BADFREE" to
452 1.
453 Bad symbol for array
455 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something
456 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
457 Bad symbol for dirhandle
459 (P) An internal request asked to add a dirhandle entry to something
460 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
461 Bad symbol for filehandle
463 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to
464 something that wasn't a symbol table entry.
465 Bad symbol for hash
467 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
468 wasn't a symbol table entry.
469 Bad symbol for scalar
471 (P) An internal request asked to add a scalar entry to something
472 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
473 Bareword found in conditional
475 (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
476 conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as
477 part of the last argument of the previous construct, for example:
478 open FOO || die;
480 It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been
482 interpreted as a bareword:
483 use constant TYPO => 1;
485 if (TYOP) { print "foo" }
486 The "strict" pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.
488 Bareword in require contains "%s"
490 Bareword in require maps to disallowed filename "%s"
491 Bareword in require maps to empty filename
492 (F) The bareword form of require has been invoked with a filename
493 which could not have been generated by a valid bareword permitted
494 by the parser. You shouldn't be able to get this error from Perl
495 code, but XS code may throw it if it passes an invalid module name
496 to "Perl_load_module".
497 Bareword in require must not start with a double-colon: "%s"
499 (F) In "require Bare::Word", the bareword is not allowed to start
500 with a double-colon. Write "require ::Foo::Bar" as "require
501 Foo::Bar" instead.
502 Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
504 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
505 subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>"
506 symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
507 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
509 (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form "Foo::", but
510 the compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point.
511 Perhaps you need to predeclare a package?
512 BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
514 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN
515 subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is
516 exited.
517 BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
519 (F) Perl found a "BEGIN {}" subroutine (or a "use" directive, which
520 implies a "BEGIN {}") after one or more compilation errors had
521 already occurred. Since the intended environment for the "BEGIN
522 {}" could not be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since
523 subsequent code likely depends on its correct operation, Perl just
524 gave up.
525 \%d better written as $%d
527 (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as
528 variables. The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-
529 hand side of a substitution, but stylistically it's better to use
530 the variable form because other Perl programmers will expect it,
531 and it works better if there are more than 9 backreferences.
532 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable
534 (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
535 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
536 perlport for more on portability concerns.
537 bind() on closed socket %s
539 (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you
540 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See "bind"
541 in perlfunc.
542 binmode() on closed filehandle %s
544 (W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never
545 opened. Check your control flow and number of arguments.
546 Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
548 (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
549 Bizarre copy of %s
551 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
552 copiable.
553 Bizarre SvTYPE [%d]
555 (P) When starting a new thread or returning values from a thread,
556 Perl encountered an invalid data type.
557 Both or neither range ends should be Unicode in regex; marked by
559 <-- HERE in m/%s/
560 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
561 In a bracketed character class in a regular expression pattern, you
563 had a range which has exactly one end of it specified using "\N{}",
564 and the other end is specified using a non-portable mechanism.
565 Perl treats the range as a Unicode range, that is, all the
566 characters in it are considered to be the Unicode characters, and
567 which may be different code points on some platforms Perl runs on.
568 For example, "[\N{U+06}-\x08]" is treated as if you had instead
569 said "[\N{U+06}-\N{U+08}]", that is it matches the characters whose
570 code points in Unicode are 6, 7, and 8. But that "\x08" might
571 indicate that you meant something different, so the warning gets
572 raised.
573 Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
575 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing
576 to iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol
577 definition which was too long, so it was truncated to the string
578 shown.
579 Callback called exit
581 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv()
582 exited by calling exit.
583 %s() called too early to check prototype
585 (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before
586 the parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could
587 not check that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to
588 either add an early prototype declaration for the subroutine in
589 question, or move the subroutine definition ahead of the call to
590 get proper prototype checking. Alternatively, if you are certain
591 that you're calling the function correctly, you may put an
592 ampersand before the name to avoid the warning. See perlsub.
593 Cannot chr %f
595 (F) You passed an invalid number (like an infinity or not-a-number)
596 to "chr".
597 Cannot complete in-place edit of %s: %s
599 (F) Your perl script appears to have changed directory while
600 performing an in-place edit of a file specified by a relative path,
601 and your system doesn't include the directory relative POSIX
602 functions needed to handle that.
603 Cannot compress %f in pack
605 (F) You tried compressing an infinity or not-a-number as an
606 unsigned integer with BER, which makes no sense.
607 Cannot compress integer in pack
609 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. The
610 BER compressed integer format can only be used with positive
611 integers, and you attempted to compress a very large number (>
612 1e308). See "pack" in perlfunc.
613 Cannot compress negative numbers in pack
615 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed
616 integer format can only be used with positive integers. See "pack"
617 in perlfunc.
618 Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob
620 (F) You manipulated Perl's symbol table directly, stored a
621 reference in it, then tried to access that symbol via conventional
622 Perl syntax. The access triggers Perl to autovivify that typeglob,
623 but it there is no legal conversion from that type of reference to
624 a typeglob.
625 Cannot copy to %s
627 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy a value to an internal type
628 that cannot be directly assigned to.
629 Cannot find encoding "%s"
631 (S io) You tried to apply an encoding that did not exist to a
632 filehandle, either with open() or binmode().
633 Cannot open %s as a dirhandle: it is already open as a filehandle
635 (F) You tried to use opendir() to associate a dirhandle to a symbol
636 (glob or scalar) that already holds a filehandle. Since this idiom
637 might render your code confusing, it was deprecated in Perl 5.10.
638 As of Perl 5.28, it is a fatal error.
639 Cannot open %s as a filehandle: it is already open as a dirhandle
641 (F) You tried to use open() to associate a filehandle to a symbol
642 (glob or scalar) that already holds a dirhandle. Since this idiom
643 might render your code confusing, it was deprecated in Perl 5.10.
644 As of Perl 5.28, it is a fatal error.
645 Cannot pack %f with '%c'
647 (F) You tried converting an infinity or not-a-number to an integer,
648 which makes no sense.
649 Cannot printf %f with '%c'
651 (F) You tried printing an infinity or not-a-number as a character
652 (%c), which makes no sense. Maybe you meant '%s', or just
653 stringifying it?
654 Cannot set tied @DB::args
656 (F) "caller" tried to set @DB::args, but found it tied. Tying
657 @DB::args is not supported. (Before this error was added, it used
658 to crash.)
659 Cannot tie unreifiable array
661 (P) You somehow managed to call "tie" on an array that does not
662 keep a reference count on its arguments and cannot be made to do
663 so. Such arrays are not even supposed to be accessible to Perl
664 code, but are only used internally.
665 Cannot yet reorder sv_vcatpvfn() arguments from va_list
667 (F) Some XS code tried to use "sv_vcatpvfn()" or a related function
668 with a format string that specifies explicit indexes for some of
669 the elements, and using a C-style variable-argument list (a
670 "va_list"). This is not currently supported. XS authors wanting
671 to do this must instead construct a C array of "SV*" scalars
672 containing the arguments.
673 Can only compress unsigned integers in pack
675 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER
676 compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers,
677 and you attempted to compress something else. See "pack" in
678 perlfunc.
679 Can't bless non-reference value
681 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl
682 "enforces" encapsulation of objects. See perlobj.
683 Can't "break" in a loop topicalizer
685 (F) You called "break", but you're in a "foreach" block rather than
686 a "given" block. You probably meant to use "next" or "last".
687 Can't "break" outside a given block
689 (F) You called "break", but you're not inside a "given" block.
690 Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
692 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by
693 the object reference or package name contains an undefined value.
694 Something like this will reproduce the error:
695 $BADREF = undef;
697 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
698 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
699 Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
701 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run.
702 It ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply,
703 but you didn't supply an object reference in this case. A
704 reference isn't an object reference until it has been blessed. See
705 perlobj.
706 Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
708 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by
709 the object reference or package name contains an expression that
710 returns a defined value which is neither an object reference nor a
711 package name. Something like this will reproduce the error:
712 $BADREF = 42;
714 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
715 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
716 Can't call mro_isa_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table
718 (P) Perl got confused as to whether a hash was a plain hash or a
719 symbol table hash when trying to update @ISA caches.
720 Can't call mro_method_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table
722 (F) An XS module tried to call "mro_method_changed_in" on a hash
723 that was not attached to the symbol table.
724 Can't chdir to %s
726 (F) You called "perl -x/foo/bar", but /foo/bar is not a directory
727 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
728 Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid
730 (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script
731 for nosuid.
732 Can't coerce %s to %s in %s
734 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
735 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you
736 can't say things like:
737 *foo += 1;
739 You CAN say
741 $foo = *foo;
743 $foo += 1;
744 but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
746 Can't "continue" outside a when block
748 (F) You called "continue", but you're not inside a "when" or
749 "default" block.
750 Can't create pipe mailbox
752 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from
753 exhausted quotas or other plumbing problems.
754 Can't declare %s in "%s"
756 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my",
757 "our" or "state" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as
758 names.
759 Can't "default" outside a topicalizer
761 (F) You have used a "default" block that is neither inside a
762 "foreach" loop nor a "given" block. (Note that this error is
763 issued on exit from the "default" block, so you won't get the error
764 if you use an explicit "continue".)
765 Can't determine class of operator %s, assuming BASEOP
767 (S) This warning indicates something wrong in the internals of
768 perl. Perl was trying to find the class (e.g. LISTOP) of a
769 particular OP, and was unable to do so. This is likely to be due to
770 a bug in the perl internals, or due to a bug in XS code which
771 manipulates perl optrees.
772 Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
774 (S inplace) You tried to use the -i switch on a special file, such
775 as a file in /dev, a FIFO or an uneditable directory. The file was
776 ignored.
777 Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
779 (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated
780 reason.
781 Can't do inplace edit without backup
783 (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try
784 reading from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say
785 "-i.bak", or some such.
786 Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique
788 (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than
789 14 characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename
790 during inplace editing with the -i switch. The file was ignored.
791 Can't do %s("%s") on non-UTF-8 locale; resolved to "%s".
793 (W locale) You are 1) running under ""use locale""; 2) the current
794 locale is not a UTF-8 one; 3) you tried to do the designated case-
795 change operation on the specified Unicode character; and 4) the
796 result of this operation would mix Unicode and locale rules, which
797 likely conflict. Mixing of different rule types is forbidden, so
798 the operation was not done; instead the result is the indicated
799 value, which is the best available that uses entirely Unicode
800 rules. That turns out to almost always be the original character,
801 unchanged.
802 It is generally a bad idea to mix non-UTF-8 locales and Unicode,
804 and this issue is one of the reasons why. This warning is raised
805 when Unicode rules would normally cause the result of this
806 operation to contain a character that is in the range specified by
807 the locale, 0..255, and hence is subject to the locale's rules, not
808 Unicode's.
809 If you are using locale purely for its characteristics related to
811 things like its numeric and time formatting (and not "LC_CTYPE"),
812 consider using a restricted form of the locale pragma (see "The
813 "use locale" pragma" in perllocale) like
814 ""use locale ':not_characters'"".
815 Note that failed case-changing operations done as a result of case-
817 insensitive "/i" regular expression matching will show up in this
818 warning as having the "fc" operation (as that is what the regular
819 expression engine calls behind the scenes.)
820 Can't do waitpid with flags
822 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only
823 waitpid() without flags is emulated.
824 Can't emulate -%s on #! line
826 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this
827 point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a -x on the #!
828 line.
829 Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform
831 (F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-
832 endian, or it has a very strange pointer size. Packing and
833 unpacking big- or little-endian floating point values and pointers
834 may not be possible. See "pack" in perlfunc.
835 Can't exec "%s": %s
837 (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute
838 the named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons
839 include: the permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't
840 found in $ENV{PATH}, the executable in question was compiled for
841 another architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an
842 interpreter that can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your
843 system doesn't support #! at all.)
844 Can't exec %s
846 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you
847 because that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you
848 wanted, you may need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
849 Can't execute %s
851 (F) You used the -S switch, but the copies of the script to execute
852 found in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
853 Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
855 (F) A string of a form "CORE::word" was given to prototype(), but
856 there is no builtin with the name "word".
857 Can't find label %s
859 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that
860 it's possible for us to go to. See "goto" in perlfunc.
861 Can't find %s on PATH
863 (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be
864 found in the PATH.
865 Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
867 (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be
868 found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions.
869 The script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits
870 running it.
871 Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
873 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message
874 means that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed
875 quotes count nesting levels, the following is missing its final
876 parenthesis:
877 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
879 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have
881 included unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag or
882 there may not be a linebreak after it. A good programmer's editor
883 will have a way to help you find these characters (or lack of
884 characters). See perlop for the full details on here-documents.
885 Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"
887 Can't find Unicode property definition "%s" in regex; marked by <--
888 HERE in m/%s/
889 (F) The named property which you specified via "\p" or "\P" is not
890 one known to Perl. Perhaps you misspelled the name? See
891 "Properties accessible through \p{} and \P{}" in perluniprops for a
892 complete list of available official properties. If it is a user-
893 defined property it must have been defined by the time the regular
894 expression is matched.
895 If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the "\p",
897 either by "\\p" (just the "\p") or by "\Q\p" (the rest of the
898 string, or until "\E").
899 Can't fork: %s
901 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
902 pipeline.
903 Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds
905 (W pipe) A fork in a piped open failed with EAGAIN and will be
906 retried after five seconds.
907 Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
909 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the
910 difference between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model
911 Perl assumes. Under VMS, access checks are done by filename,
912 rather than by bits in the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other
913 protections can be taken into account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes
914 that the stat buffer contains all the necessary information, and
915 passes it, instead of the filespec, to the access-checking routine.
916 It will try to retrieve the filespec using the device name and FID
917 present in the stat buffer, but this works only if you haven't made
918 a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine, because the device
919 name is overwritten with each call. If this warning appears, the
920 name lookup failed, and the access-checking routine gave up and
921 returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access-
922 checking routine knows about the Perl "stat" operator and file
923 tests, so you shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl
924 command; it arises only if some internal code takes stat buffers
925 lightly.)
926 Can't get pipe mailbox device name
928 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a
929 pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.
930 Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
932 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want
933 your mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
934 Can't "goto" into a binary or list expression
936 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
937 binary or list expression. You can't get there from here. The
938 reason for this restriction is that the interpreter would get
939 confused as to how many arguments there are, resulting in stack
940 corruption or crashes. This error occurs in cases such as these:
941 goto F;
943 print do { F: }; # Can't jump into the arguments to print
944 goto G;
946 $x + do { G: $y }; # How is + supposed to get its first operand?
947 Can't "goto" into a "given" block
949 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
950 "given" block. You can't get there from here. See "goto" in
951 perlfunc.
952 Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
954 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
955 foreach loop. You can't get there from here. See "goto" in
956 perlfunc.
957 Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block
959 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look
960 like a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually
961 occurs if you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine,
962 which is a no-no. See "goto" in perlfunc.
963 Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s
965 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval
966 "string" or block.
967 Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback)
969 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of the
970 comparison sub for a sort(), or from a similar callback (such as
971 the reduce() function in List::Util).
972 Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
974 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one
975 subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole
976 cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD
977 routine anyway. See "goto" in perlfunc.
978 Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default
980 (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD
981 signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this
982 signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of
983 child processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value.
984 This situation typically indicates that the parent program under
985 which Perl may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless.
986 Can't kill a non-numeric process ID
988 (F) Process identifiers must be (signed) integers. It is a fatal
989 error to attempt to kill() an undefined, empty-string or otherwise
990 non-numeric process identifier.
991 Can't "last" outside a loop block
993 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current
994 block, except that there's this itty bitty problem called there
995 isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
996 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(),
997 map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the
998 same effect though, because the inner curlies will be considered a
999 block that loops once. See "last" in perlfunc.
1000 Can't linearize anonymous symbol table
1002 (F) Perl tried to calculate the method resolution order (MRO) of a
1003 package, but failed because the package stash has no name.
1004 Can't load '%s' for module %s
1006 (F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic
1007 extension. This may either mean that you upgraded your version of
1008 perl to one that is incompatible with your old dynamic extensions
1009 (which is known to happen between major versions of perl), or (more
1010 likely) that your dynamic extension was built against an older
1011 version of the library that is installed on your system. You may
1012 need to rebuild your old dynamic extensions.
1013 Can't localize lexical variable %s
1015 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared
1016 as a lexical variable using "my" or "state". This is not allowed.
1017 If you want to localize a package variable of the same name,
1018 qualify it with the package name.
1019 Can't localize through a reference
1021 (F) You said something like "local $$ref", which Perl can't
1022 currently handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of
1023 whatever $ref pointed to after the scope of the local() is
1024 finished, it can't be sure that $ref will still be a reference.
1025 Can't locate %s
1027 (F) You said to "do" (or "require", or "use") a file that couldn't
1028 be found. Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned
1029 in @INC, unless the file name included the full path to the file.
1030 Perhaps you need to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment
1031 variable to say where the extra library is, or maybe the script
1032 needs to add the library name to @INC. Or maybe you just
1033 misspelled the name of the file. See "require" in perlfunc and
1034 lib.
1035 Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
1037 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows
1038 autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable
1039 causes are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to
1040 "AutoSplit" the file, say, by doing "make install".
1041 Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC
1043 (F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library,
1044 like for example, foo.so or bar.dll, but the DynaLoader module was
1045 unable to locate this library. See DynaLoader.
1046 Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
1048 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a
1049 package functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define
1050 that particular method, nor does any of its base classes. See
1051 perlobj.
1052 Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s" (perhaps you forgot to
1054 load "%s"?)
1055 (F) You called a method on a class that did not exist, and the
1056 method could not be found in UNIVERSAL. This often means that a
1057 method requires a package that has not been loaded.
1058 Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
1060 (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package
1061 that doesn't seem to exist.
1062 Can't locate PerlIO%s
1064 (F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
1065 e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
1066 Can't make list assignment to %ENV on this system
1068 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems,
1069 notably VMS.
1070 Can't make loaded symbols global on this platform while loading %s
1072 (S) A module passed the flag 0x01 to DynaLoader::dl_load_file() to
1073 request that symbols from the stated file are made available
1074 globally within the process, but that functionality is not
1075 available on this platform. Whilst the module likely will still
1076 work, this may prevent the perl interpreter from loading other XS-
1077 based extensions which need to link directly to functions defined
1078 in the C or XS code in the stated file.
1079 Can't modify %s in %s
1081 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or
1082 otherwise try to change it, such as with an auto-increment.
1083 Can't modify nonexistent substring
1085 (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was
1086 handed a NULL.
1087 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call of &%s
1089 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call of &%s in %s
1090 (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be
1091 declared as such. See "Lvalue subroutines" in perlsub.
1092 Can't modify reference to %s in %s assignment
1094 (F) Only a limited number of constructs can be used as the argument
1095 to a reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment,
1096 and what you used was not one of them. See "Assigning to
1097 References" in perlref.
1098 Can't modify reference to localized parenthesized array in list
1100 assignment
1101 (F) Assigning to "\local(@array)" or "\(local @array)" is not
1102 supported, as it is not clear exactly what it should do. If you
1103 meant to make @array refer to some other array, use "\@array =
1104 \@other_array". If you want to make the elements of @array aliases
1105 of the scalars referenced on the right-hand side, use "\(@array) =
1106 @scalar_refs".
1107 Can't modify reference to parenthesized hash in list assignment
1109 (F) Assigning to "\(%hash)" is not supported. If you meant to make
1110 %hash refer to some other hash, use "\%hash = \%other_hash". If
1111 you want to make the elements of %hash into aliases of the scalars
1112 referenced on the right-hand side, use a hash slice: "\@hash{@keys}
1113 = @those_scalar_refs".
1114 Can't msgrcv to read-only var
1116 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a
1117 receive buffer.
1118 Can't "next" outside a loop block
1120 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block,
1121 but there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block
1122 doesn't count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to
1123 sort(), map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get
1124 the same effect though, because the inner curlies will be
1125 considered a block that loops once. See "next" in perlfunc.
1126 Can't open %s: %s
1128 (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the "<>"
1129 filehandle, either implicitly under the "-n" or "-p" command-line
1130 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually
1131 this is because you don't have read permission for a file which you
1132 named on the command line.
1133 (F) You tried to call perl with the -e switch, but /dev/null (or
1135 your operating system's equivalent) could not be opened.
1136 Can't open a reference
1138 (W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing,
1139 using the 3-arg open() syntax:
1140 open FH, '>', $ref;
1142 but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form
1144 of open is not supported.
1145 Can't open bidirectional pipe
1147 (W pipe) You tried to say "open(CMD, "|cmd|")", which is not
1148 supported. You can try any of several modules in the Perl library
1149 to do this, such as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's
1150 output to a file using ">", and then read it in under a different
1151 file handle.
1152 Can't open error file %s as stderr
1154 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1155 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or
1156 '2>>' on the command line for writing.
1157 Can't open input file %s as stdin
1159 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1160 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the
1161 command line for reading.
1162 Can't open output file %s as stdout
1164 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1165 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>'
1166 on the command line for writing.
1167 Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
1169 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1170 redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data
1171 destined for stdout.
1172 Can't open perl script "%s": %s
1174 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated
1175 reason.
1176 If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on
1178 the shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that
1179 search, so you don't have to type the path or "`which
1180 $scriptname`".
1181 Can't read CRTL environ
1183 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of
1184 %ENV from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the
1185 array was missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL
1186 misplaced its environ or define PERL_ENV_TABLES (see perlvms) so
1187 that environ is not searched.
1188 Can't redeclare "%s" in "%s"
1190 (F) A "my", "our" or "state" declaration was found within another
1191 declaration, such as "my ($x, my($y), $z)" or "our (my $x)".
1192 Can't "redo" outside a loop block
1194 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block,
1195 but there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block
1196 doesn't count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to
1197 sort(), map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get
1198 the same effect though, because the inner curlies will be
1199 considered a block that loops once. See "redo" in perlfunc.
1200 Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file
1202 (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup
1203 file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it
1204 with the modified file. The file was left unmodified.
1205 Can't rename in-place work file '%s' to '%s': %s
1207 (F) When closed implicitly, the temporary file for in-place editing
1208 couldn't be renamed to the original filename.
1209 Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
1211 (F) The rename done by the -i switch failed for some reason,
1212 probably because you don't have write permission to the directory.
1213 Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
1215 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and
1216 tried to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
1217 Can't represent character for Ox%X on this platform
1219 (F) There is a hard limit to how big a character code point can be
1220 due to the fundamental properties of UTF-8, especially on EBCDIC
1221 platforms. The given code point exceeds that. The only work-
1222 around is to not use such a large code point.
1223 Can't reset %ENV on this system
1225 (F) You called "reset('E')" or similar, which tried to reset all
1226 variables in the current package beginning with "E". In the main
1227 package, that includes %ENV. Resetting %ENV is not supported on
1228 some systems, notably VMS.
1229 Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
1231 (F)(P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as
1232 opposed to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the
1233 package. If the method name is "???", this is an internal error.
1234 Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
1236 (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as
1237 temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue.
1238 This is not allowed.
1239 Can't return outside a subroutine
1241 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is,
1242 where there was no subroutine call to return out of. See perlsub.
1243 Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context
1245 (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue
1246 subroutine, but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl
1247 think you meant to return only one value. You probably meant to
1248 write parentheses around the call to the subroutine, which tell
1249 Perl that the call should be in list context.
1250 Can't stat script "%s"
1252 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you
1253 have it open already. Bizarre.
1254 Can't take log of %g
1256 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
1257 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that
1258 comes standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for
1259 the negative numbers.
1260 Can't take sqrt of %g
1262 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
1263 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
1264 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
1265 Can't undef active subroutine
1267 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You
1268 can, however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even
1269 undef the redefined subroutine while the old routine is running.
1270 Go figure.
1271 Can't unweaken a nonreference
1273 (F) You attempted to unweaken something that was not a reference.
1274 Only references can be unweakened.
1275 Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d
1277 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making
1278 it into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types
1279 are so specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted.
1280 This message indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
1281 Can't use '%c' after -mname
1283 (F) You tried to call perl with the -m switch, but you put
1284 something other than "=" after the module name.
1285 Can't use a hash as a reference
1287 (F) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in "%foo->{"bar"}"
1288 or "%$ref->{"hello"}". Versions of perl <= 5.22.0 used to allow
1289 this syntax, but shouldn't have. This was deprecated in perl
1290 5.6.1.
1291 Can't use an array as a reference
1293 (F) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in "@foo->[23]" or
1294 "@$ref->[99]". Versions of perl <= 5.22.0 used to allow this
1295 syntax, but shouldn't have. This was deprecated in perl 5.6.1.
1296 Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
1298 (F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a
1299 symbol table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become
1300 anonymous for example by undefining stashes: "undef
1301 %Some::Package::".
1302 Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
1304 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference
1305 must be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious
1306 errors.
1307 Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1309 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1310 references are disallowed. See perlref.
1311 Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available
1313 (F) The first time the "%!" hash is used, perl automatically loads
1314 the Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %!
1315 hash to provide symbolic names for $! errno values.
1316 Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s
1318 (F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-
1319 endian byte-order at the same time, so this combination of
1320 modifiers is not allowed. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1321 Can't use 'defined(@array)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)
1323 (F) defined() is not useful on arrays because it checks for an
1324 undefined scalar value. If you want to see if the array is empty,
1325 just use "if (@array) { # not empty }" for example.
1326 Can't use 'defined(%hash)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)
1328 (F) "defined()" is not usually right on hashes.
1329 Although "defined %hash" is false on a plain not-yet-used hash, it
1331 becomes true in several non-obvious circumstances, including
1332 iterators, weak references, stash names, even remaining true after
1333 "undef %hash". These things make "defined %hash" fairly useless in
1334 practice, so it now generates a fatal error.
1335 If a check for non-empty is what you wanted then just put it in
1337 boolean context (see "Scalar values" in perldata):
1338 if (%hash) {
1340 # not empty
1341 }
1342 If you had "defined %Foo::Bar::QUUX" to check whether such a
1344 package variable exists then that's never really been reliable, and
1345 isn't a good way to enquire about the features of a package, or
1346 whether it's loaded, etc.
1347 Can't use %s for loop variable
1349 (P) The parser got confused when trying to parse a "foreach" loop.
1350 Can't use global %s in "%s"
1352 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable.
1353 This is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one
1354 location (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly
1355 confusing to have variables in your program that looked like
1356 magical variables but weren't.
1357 Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s
1359 (F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type that is
1360 already inside a group with a byte-order modifier. For example you
1361 cannot force little-endianness on a type that is inside a big-
1362 endian group.
1363 Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
1365 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort
1366 comparisons. You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or
1367 cmp operator, and the variable had earlier been declared as a
1368 lexical variable. Either qualify the sort variable with the
1369 package name, or rename the lexical variable.
1370 Can't use %s ref as %s ref
1372 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference
1373 a reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
1374 test the type of the reference, if need be.
1375 Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1377 Can't use string ("%s"...) as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1378 (F) You've told Perl to dereference a string, something which "use
1379 strict" blocks to prevent it happening accidentally. See "Symbolic
1380 references" in perlref. This can be triggered by an "@" or "$" in
1381 a double-quoted string immediately before interpolating a variable,
1382 for example in "user @$twitter_id", which says to treat the
1383 contents of $twitter_id as an array reference; use a "\" to have a
1384 literal "@" symbol followed by the contents of $twitter_id: "user
1385 \@$twitter_id".
1386 Can't use subscript on %s
1388 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
1389 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
1390 didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else
1391 subscriptable.
1392 Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
1394 (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator
1395 that creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to
1396 indicate a backreference to a matched substring is valid only as
1397 part of a regular expression pattern. Trying to do this in
1398 ordinary Perl code produces a value that prints out looking like
1399 SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form instead.
1400 Can't weaken a nonreference
1402 (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference.
1403 Only references can be weakened.
1404 Can't "when" outside a topicalizer
1406 (F) You have used a when() block that is neither inside a "foreach"
1407 loop nor a "given" block. (Note that this error is issued on exit
1408 from the "when" block, so you won't get the error if the match
1409 fails, or if you use an explicit "continue".)
1410 Can't x= to read-only value
1412 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined
1413 value) with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the
1414 value itself. Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary,
1415 and repeat that.
1416 Character following "\c" must be printable ASCII
1418 (F) In "\cX", X must be a printable (non-control) ASCII character.
1419 Note that ASCII characters that don't map to control characters are
1421 discouraged, and will generate the warning (when enabled) ""\c%c"
1422 is more clearly written simply as "%s"".
1423 Character following \%c must be '{' or a single-character Unicode
1425 property name in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1426 (F) (In the above the %c is replaced by either "p" or "P".) You
1427 specified something that isn't a legal Unicode property name. Most
1428 Unicode properties are specified by "\p{...}". But if the name is
1429 a single character one, the braces may be omitted.
1430 Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack
1432 (W pack) You said
1433 pack("C", $x)
1435 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the "C" format is
1437 only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII,
1438 EBCDIC, and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved
1439 as if you meant
1440 pack("C", $x & 255)
1442 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the "U" format
1444 instead.
1445 Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack
1447 (W pack) You said
1448 pack("c", $x)
1450 where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the "c" format
1452 is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII,
1453 EBCDIC, and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved
1454 as if you meant
1455 pack("c", $x & 255);
1457 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the "U" format
1459 instead.
1460 Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1462 (W unpack) You tried something like
1463 unpack("H", "\x{2a1}")
1465 where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a
1467 value below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl
1468 uses the value modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1469 unpack("H", "\x{a1}")
1471 Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack
1473 (W pack) You said
1474 pack("U0W", $x)
1476 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255. However,
1478 "U0"-mode expects all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so
1479 Perl behaved as if you meant:
1480 pack("U0W", $x & 255)
1482 Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack
1484 (W pack) You tried something like
1485 pack("u", "\x{1f3}b")
1487 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character
1489 with a value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher
1490 value. Perl uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if
1491 you had provided:
1492 pack("u", "\x{f3}b")
1494 Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1496 (W unpack) You tried something like
1497 unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b")
1499 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character
1501 with a value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher
1502 value. Perl uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if
1503 you had provided:
1504 unpack("s", "\x{f3}b")
1506 charnames alias definitions may not contain a sequence of multiple
1508 spaces; marked by <-- HERE in %s
1509 (F) You defined a character name which had multiple space
1510 characters in a row. Change them to single spaces. Usually these
1511 names are defined in the ":alias" import argument to "use
1512 charnames", but they could be defined by a translator installed
1513 into $^H{charnames}. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in charnames.
1514 charnames alias definitions may not contain trailing white-space;
1516 marked by <-- HERE in %s
1517 (F) You defined a character name which ended in a space character.
1518 Remove the trailing space(s). Usually these names are defined in
1519 the ":alias" import argument to "use charnames", but they could be
1520 defined by a translator installed into $^H{charnames}. See "CUSTOM
1521 ALIASES" in charnames.
1522 chdir() on unopened filehandle %s
1524 (W unopened) You tried chdir() on a filehandle that was never
1525 opened.
1526 "\c%c" is more clearly written simply as "%s"
1528 (W syntax) The "\cX" construct is intended to be a way to specify
1529 non-printable characters. You used it for a printable one, which
1530 is better written as simply itself, perhaps preceded by a backslash
1531 for non-word characters. Doing it the way you did is not portable
1532 between ASCII and EBCDIC platforms.
1533 Cloning substitution context is unimplemented
1535 (F) Creating a new thread inside the "s///" operator is not
1536 supported.
1537 closedir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
1539 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to close is either closed or not
1540 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
1541 close() on unopened filehandle %s
1543 (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
1544 Closure prototype called
1546 (F) If a closure has attributes, the subroutine passed to an
1547 attribute handler is the prototype that is cloned when a new
1548 closure is created. This subroutine cannot be called.
1549 \C no longer supported in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1551 (F) The \C character class used to allow a match of single byte
1552 within a multi-byte utf-8 character, but was removed in v5.24 as it
1553 broke encapsulation and its implementation was extremely buggy. If
1554 you really need to process the individual bytes, you probably want
1555 to convert your string to one where each underlying byte is stored
1556 as a character, with utf8::encode().
1557 Code missing after '/'
1559 (F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be
1560 another template code following the slash. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1561 Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, and not portable
1563 (S non_unicode) You had a code point that has never been in any
1564 standard, so it is likely that languages other than Perl will NOT
1565 understand it. At one time, it was legal in some standards to have
1566 code points up to 0x7FFF_FFFF, but not higher, and this code point
1567 is higher.
1568 Acceptance of these code points is a Perl extension, and you should
1570 expect that nothing other than Perl can handle them; Perl itself on
1571 EBCDIC platforms before v5.24 does not handle them.
1572 Code points above 0xFFFF_FFFF require larger than a 32 bit word.
1574 Perl also makes no guarantees that the representation of these code
1576 points won't change at some point in the future, say when machines
1577 become available that have larger than a 64-bit word. At that
1578 time, files written by an older Perl would require conversion
1579 before being readable by a newer Perl.
1580 Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, may not be portable
1582 (S non_unicode) You had a code point above the Unicode maximum of
1583 U+10FFFF.
1584 Perl allows strings to contain a superset of Unicode code points,
1586 but these may not be accepted by other languages/systems. Further,
1587 even if these languages/systems accept these large code points,
1588 they may have chosen a different representation for them than the
1589 UTF-8-like one that Perl has, which would mean files are not
1590 exchangeable between them and Perl.
1591 On EBCDIC platforms, code points above 0x3FFF_FFFF have a different
1593 representation in Perl v5.24 than before, so any file containing
1594 these that was written before that version will require conversion
1595 before being readable by a later Perl.
1596 %s: Command not found
1598 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh or another
1599 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1600 script into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file
1601 could look like
1602 #!/usr/bin/perl
1604 %s: command not found
1606 (A) You've accidentally run your script through bash or another
1607 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1608 script into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file
1609 could look like
1610 #!/usr/bin/perl
1612 %s: command not found: %s
1614 (A) You've accidentally run your script through zsh or another
1615 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1616 script into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file
1617 could look like
1618 #!/usr/bin/perl
1620 Compilation failed in require
1622 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a "require"
1623 statement. Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors
1624 that it encountered were severe enough to halt compilation
1625 immediately.
1626 Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
1628 (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex
1629 situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is
1630 limited to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack
1631 cannot grow arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are
1632 handled without recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try
1633 shortening the string under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g.
1634 with "while") rather than in the regular expression engine; or
1635 rewriting the regular expression so that it is simpler or
1636 backtracks less. (See perlfaq2 for information on Mastering
1637 Regular Expressions.)
1638 connect() on closed socket %s
1640 (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you
1641 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1642 "connect" in perlfunc.
1643 Constant(%s): Call to &{$^H{%s}} did not return a defined value
1645 (F) The subroutine registered to handle constant overloading (see
1646 overload) or a custom charnames handler (see "CUSTOM TRANSLATORS"
1647 in charnames) returned an undefined value.
1648 Constant(%s): $^H{%s} is not defined
1650 (F) The parser found inconsistencies while attempting to define an
1651 overloaded constant. Perhaps you forgot to load the corresponding
1652 overload pragma?
1653 Constant is not %s reference
1655 (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the "use constant"
1656 pragma) is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of
1657 reference. The message indicates the type of reference that was
1658 expected. This usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing
1659 the constant value. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub and
1660 constant.
1661 Constants from lexical variables potentially modified elsewhere are
1663 deprecated. This will not be allowed in Perl 5.32
1664 (D deprecated) You wrote something like
1665 my $var;
1667 $sub = sub () { $var };
1668 but $var is referenced elsewhere and could be modified after the
1670 "sub" expression is evaluated. Either it is explicitly modified
1671 elsewhere ("$var = 3") or it is passed to a subroutine or to an
1672 operator like "printf" or "map", which may or may not modify the
1673 variable.
1674 Traditionally, Perl has captured the value of the variable at that
1676 point and turned the subroutine into a constant eligible for
1677 inlining. In those cases where the variable can be modified
1678 elsewhere, this breaks the behavior of closures, in which the
1679 subroutine captures the variable itself, rather than its value, so
1680 future changes to the variable are reflected in the subroutine's
1681 return value.
1682 This usage is deprecated, and will no longer be allowed in Perl
1684 5.32, making it possible to change the behavior in the future.
1685 If you intended for the subroutine to be eligible for inlining,
1687 then make sure the variable is not referenced elsewhere, possibly
1688 by copying it:
1689 my $var2 = $var;
1691 $sub = sub () { $var2 };
1692 If you do want this subroutine to be a closure that reflects future
1694 changes to the variable that it closes over, add an explicit
1695 "return":
1696 my $var;
1698 $sub = sub () { return $var };
1699 Constant subroutine %s redefined
1701 (W redefine)(S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously
1702 been eligible for inlining. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub
1703 for commentary and workarounds.
1704 Constant subroutine %s undefined
1706 (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been
1707 eligible for inlining. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub for
1708 commentary and workarounds.
1709 Constant(%s) unknown
1711 (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to
1712 define an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character
1713 name specified in the "\N{...}" escape. Perhaps you forgot to load
1714 the corresponding overload pragma?
1715 :const is experimental
1717 (S experimental::const_attr) The "const" attribute is experimental.
1718 If you want to use the feature, disable the warning with "no
1719 warnings 'experimental::const_attr'", but know that in doing so you
1720 are taking the risk that your code may break in a future Perl
1721 version.
1722 :const is not permitted on named subroutines
1724 (F) The "const" attribute causes an anonymous subroutine to be run
1725 and its value captured at the time that it is cloned. Named
1726 subroutines are not cloned like this, so the attribute does not
1727 make sense on them.
1728 Copy method did not return a reference
1730 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See "Copy
1731 Constructor" in overload.
1732 &CORE::%s cannot be called directly
1734 (F) You tried to call a subroutine in the "CORE::" namespace with
1735 &foo syntax or through a reference. Some subroutines in this
1736 package cannot yet be called that way, but must be called as
1737 barewords. Something like this will work:
1738 BEGIN { *shove = \&CORE::push; }
1740 shove @array, 1,2,3; # pushes on to @array
1741 CORE::%s is not a keyword
1743 (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
1744 Corrupted regexp opcode %d > %d
1746 (P) This is either an error in Perl, or, if you're using one, your
1747 custom regular expression engine. If not the latter, report the
1748 problem through the perlbug utility.
1749 corrupted regexp pointers
1751 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
1752 expression compiler gave it.
1753 corrupted regexp program
1755 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program
1756 without a valid magic number.
1757 Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%x at 0x%x
1759 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal
1760 failure.
1761 Count after length/code in unpack
1763 (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string,
1764 but you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See
1765 "pack" in perlfunc.
1766 Declaring references is experimental
1768 (S experimental::declared_refs) This warning is emitted if you use
1769 a reference constructor on the right-hand side of "my", "state",
1770 "our", or "local". Simply suppress the warning if you want to use
1771 the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking the risk of
1772 using an experimental feature which may change or be removed in a
1773 future Perl version:
1774 no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
1776 use feature "declared_refs";
1777 $fooref = my \$foo;
1778 Deep recursion on anonymous subroutine
1780 Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
1781 (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or
1782 indirectly) 100 times more than it has returned. This probably
1783 indicates an infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange
1784 benchmark programs, in which case it indicates something else.
1785 This threshold can be changed from 100, by recompiling the perl
1787 binary, setting the C pre-processor macro "PERL_SUB_DEPTH_WARN" to
1788 the desired value.
1789 (?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
1791 m/%s/
1792 (F) You used something like "(?(DEFINE)...|..)" which is illegal.
1793 The most likely cause of this error is that you left out a
1794 parenthesis inside of the "...." part.
1795 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
1797 problem was discovered.
1798 %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed
1800 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file
1801 there are neither package declarations nor a $VERSION.
1802 delete argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice
1804 (F) The argument to "delete" must be either a hash or array
1805 element, such as:
1806 $foo{$bar}
1808 $ref->{"susie"}[12]
1809 or a hash or array slice, such as:
1811 @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
1813 @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
1814 or a hash key/value or array index/value slice, such as:
1816 %foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
1818 %{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
1819 Delimiter for here document is too long
1821 (F) In a here document construct like "<<FOO", the label "FOO" is
1822 too long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to
1823 write code that triggers this error.
1824 Deprecated use of my() in false conditional. This will be a fatal error
1826 in Perl 5.30
1827 (D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to "my $x if 0".
1828 There has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical
1829 variable not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration
1830 includes a false conditional. Some people have exploited this bug
1831 to achieve a kind of static variable. Since we intend to fix this
1832 bug, we don't want people relying on this behavior. You can
1833 achieve a similar static effect by declaring the variable in a
1834 separate block outside the function, eg
1835 sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
1837 becomes
1839 { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
1841 Beginning with perl 5.10.0, you can also use "state" variables to
1843 have lexicals that are initialized only once (see feature):
1844 sub f { state $x; return $x++ }
1846 This use of "my()" in a false conditional has been deprecated since
1848 Perl 5.10, and it will become a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
1849 DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'
1851 (F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which
1852 is just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort
1853 rather than to create a dangling reference.
1854 Did not produce a valid header
1856 See "500 Server error".
1857 %s did not return a true value
1859 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate
1860 that it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code
1861 correctly. It's traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though
1862 any true value would do. See "require" in perlfunc.
1863 (Did you mean &%s instead?)
1865 (W misc) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as
1866 $FOO or some such.
1867 (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?)
1869 (W shadow) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared
1870 global variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical
1871 scope, which seems superfluous.
1872 (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)
1874 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or
1875 @hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and
1876 got carried away.
1877 Died
1879 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of "die """)
1880 or you called it with no args and $@ was empty.
1881 Document contains no data
1883 See "500 Server error".
1884 %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed
1886 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not
1887 define a $VERSION.
1888 '/' does not take a repeat count
1890 (F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/'
1891 code. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1892 do "%s" failed, '.' is no longer in @INC; did you mean do "./%s"?
1894 (D deprecated) Previously " do "somefile"; " would search the
1895 current directory for the specified file. Since perl v5.26.0, .
1896 has been removed from @INC by default, so this is no longer true.
1897 To search the current directory (and only the current directory)
1898 you can write " do "./somefile"; ".
1899 Don't know how to get file name
1901 (P) "PerlIO_getname", a perl internal I/O function specific to VMS,
1902 was somehow called on another platform. This should not happen.
1903 Don't know how to handle magic of type \%o
1905 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1906 do_study: out of memory
1908 (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
1909 (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
1911 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
1912 message "%s found where operator expected". It often means a
1913 subroutine or module name is being referenced that hasn't been
1914 declared yet. This may be because of ordering problems in your
1915 file, or because of a missing "sub", "package", "require", or "use"
1916 statement. If you're referencing something that isn't defined yet,
1917 you don't actually have to define the subroutine or package before
1918 the current location. You can use an empty "sub foo;" or "package
1919 FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration.
1920 dump() better written as CORE::dump(). dump() will no longer be
1922 available in Perl 5.30
1923 (D deprecated, misc) You used the obsolescent "dump()" built-in
1924 function, without fully qualifying it as "CORE::dump()". Maybe it's
1925 a typo.
1926 Use of a unqualified "dump()" was deprecated in Perl 5.8.0, and
1928 this will not be available in Perl 5.30.
1929 See "dump" in perlfunc.
1931 dump is not supported
1933 (F) Your machine doesn't support dump/undump.
1934 Duplicate free() ignored
1936 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
1937 already been freed.
1938 Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s
1940 (W unpack) You have applied the same modifier more than once after
1941 a type in a pack template. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1942 elseif should be elsif
1944 (S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry
1945 thinks it's ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to
1946 call a method named "elseif" for the class returned by the
1947 following block. This is unlikely to be what you want.
1948 Empty \%c in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1950 Empty \%c{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1951 (F) "\p" and "\P" are used to introduce a named Unicode property,
1952 as described in perlunicode and perlre. You used "\p" or "\P" in a
1953 regular expression without specifying the property name.
1954 ${^ENCODING} is no longer supported
1956 (F) The special variable "${^ENCODING}", formerly used to implement
1957 the "encoding" pragma, is no longer supported as of Perl 5.26.0.
1958 Setting it to anything other than "undef" is a fatal error as of
1960 Perl 5.28.
1961 entering effective %s failed
1963 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, switching the real and
1964 effective uids or gids failed.
1965 %ENV is aliased to %s
1967 (F) You're running under taint mode, and the %ENV variable has been
1968 aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of
1969 the program's environment. This is potentially insecure.
1970 Error converting file specification %s
1972 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with
1973 file specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them
1974 to a single form when it must operate on them directly. Either
1975 you've passed an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've
1976 found a case the conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
1977 Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1979 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
1980 expression that contains the "(?{ ... })" zero-width assertion,
1981 which is unsafe. See "(?{ code })" in perlre, and perlsec.
1982 Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/
1984 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the "(?{
1985 ... })" zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the
1986 pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security
1987 risk, it is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by
1988 using the "re 'eval'" pragma or by explicitly building the pattern
1989 from an interpolated string at run time and using that in an
1990 eval(). See "(?{ code })" in perlre.
1991 Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/
1993 (F) A regular expression contained the "(?{ ... })" zero-width
1994 assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the "use re
1995 'eval'" pragma is in effect. See "(?{ code })" in perlre.
1996 EVAL without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
1998 m/%s/
1999 (F) You used a pattern that nested too many EVAL calls without
2000 consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so that text is
2001 consumed.
2002 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2004 problem was discovered.
2005 Excessively long <> operator
2007 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size
2008 of a Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
2009 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into
2010 a variable and glob that.
2011 exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system
2013 (F) The "exec" function is not implemented on some systems, e.g.,
2014 Symbian OS. See perlport.
2015 %sExecution of %s aborted due to compilation errors.
2017 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
2018 exists argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine
2020 (F) The argument to "exists" must be a hash or array element or a
2021 subroutine with an ampersand, such as:
2022 $foo{$bar}
2024 $ref->{"susie"}[12]
2025 &do_something
2026 exists argument is not a subroutine name
2028 (F) The argument to "exists" for "exists &sub" must be a subroutine
2029 name, and not a subroutine call. "exists &sub()" will generate
2030 this error.
2031 Exiting eval via %s
2033 (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such
2034 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2035 Exiting format via %s
2037 (W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such
2038 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2039 Exiting pseudo-block via %s
2041 (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like
2042 a sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a
2043 goto, or a loop control statement. See "sort" in perlfunc.
2044 Exiting subroutine via %s
2046 (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means,
2047 such as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2048 Exiting substitution via %s
2050 (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means,
2051 such as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
2052 Expecting close bracket in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2054 (F) You wrote something like
2055 (?13
2057 to denote a capturing group of the form "(?PARNO)", but omitted the
2059 ")".
2060 Expecting close paren for nested extended charclass in regex; marked by
2062 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2063 (F) While parsing a nested extended character class like:
2064 (?[ ... (?flags:(?[ ... ])) ... ])
2066 ^
2067 we expected to see a close paren ')' (marked by ^) but did not.
2069 Expecting close paren for wrapper for nested extended charclass in
2071 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2072 (F) While parsing a nested extended character class like:
2073 (?[ ... (?flags:(?[ ... ])) ... ])
2075 ^
2076 we expected to see a close paren ')' (marked by ^) but did not.
2078 Expecting '(?flags:(?[...' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2080 (F) The "(?[...])" extended character class regular expression
2081 construct only allows character classes (including character class
2082 escapes like "\d"), operators, and parentheses. The one exception
2083 is "(?flags:...)" containing at least one flag and exactly one
2084 "(?[...])" construct. This allows a regular expression containing
2085 just "(?[...])" to be interpolated. If you see this error message,
2086 then you probably have some other "(?...)" construct inside your
2087 character class. See "Extended Bracketed Character Classes" in
2088 perlrecharclass.
2089 Experimental aliasing via reference not enabled
2091 (F) To do aliasing via references, you must first enable the
2092 feature:
2093 no warnings "experimental::refaliasing";
2095 use feature "refaliasing";
2096 \$x = \$y;
2097 Experimental %s on scalar is now forbidden
2099 (F) An experimental feature added in Perl 5.14 allowed "each",
2100 "keys", "push", "pop", "shift", "splice", "unshift", and "values"
2101 to be called with a scalar argument. This experiment is considered
2102 unsuccessful, and has been removed. The "postderef" feature may
2103 meet your needs better.
2104 Experimental subroutine signatures not enabled
2106 (F) To use subroutine signatures, you must first enable them:
2107 no warnings "experimental::signatures";
2109 use feature "signatures";
2110 sub foo ($left, $right) { ... }
2111 Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
2113 (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string.
2114 This has the effect of blessing the reference into the package
2115 main. This is usually not what you want. Consider providing a
2116 default target package, e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');
2117 %s: Expression syntax
2119 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
2120 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
2121 yourself.
2122 %s failed--call queue aborted
2124 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a UNITCHECK,
2125 CHECK, INIT, or END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the
2126 queue of such routines has been prematurely ended.
2127 Failed to close in-place work file %s: %s
2129 (F) Closing an output file from in-place editing, as with the "-i"
2130 command-line switch, failed.
2131 False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2133 (W regexp)(F) A character class range must start and end at a
2134 literal character, not another character class like "\d" or
2135 "[:alpha:]". The "-" in your false range is interpreted as a
2136 literal "-". In a "(?[...])" construct, this is an error, rather
2137 than a warning. Consider quoting the "-", "\-". The <-- HERE
2138 shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
2139 discovered. See perlre.
2140 Fatal VMS error (status=%d) at %s, line %d
2142 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS
2143 system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide
2144 more details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line
2145 %d" tell you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.
2146 fcntl is not implemented
2148 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is
2149 this, a PDP-11 or something?
2150 FETCHSIZE returned a negative value
2152 (F) A tied array claimed to have a negative number of elements,
2153 which is not possible.
2154 Field too wide in 'u' format in pack
2156 (W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string starts with a length
2157 indicator which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point
2158 in asking for a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as
2159 if you specified "u63" as the format.
2160 File::Glob::glob() will disappear in perl 5.30. Use
2162 File::Glob::bsd_glob() instead.
2163 (D deprecated) "File::Glob" has a function called "glob", which
2164 just calls "bsd_glob". However, its prototype is different from the
2165 prototype of "CORE::glob", and hence, "File::Glob::glob" should not
2166 be used.
2167 "File::Glob::glob()" was deprecated in perl 5.8.0. A deprecation
2169 message was issued from perl 5.26.0 onwards, and the function will
2170 disappear in perl 5.30.0.
2171 Code using "File::Glob::glob()" should call
2173 "File::Glob::bsd_glob()" instead.
2174 Filehandle %s opened only for input
2176 (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you
2177 intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it
2178 with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you
2179 intended only to write the file, use ">" or ">>". See "open" in
2180 perlfunc.
2181 Filehandle %s opened only for output
2183 (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing,
2184 If you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to
2185 open it with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with ">". If you
2186 intended only to read from the file, use "<". See "open" in
2187 perlfunc. Another possibility is that you attempted to open
2188 filedescriptor 0 (also known as STDIN) for output (maybe you closed
2189 STDIN earlier?).
2190 Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input
2192 (W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same
2193 filehandle id as STDOUT or STDERR. This occurred because you
2194 closed STDOUT or STDERR previously.
2195 Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output
2197 (W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same
2198 filehandle id as STDIN. This occurred because you closed STDIN
2199 previously.
2200 Final $ should be \$ or $name
2202 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant
2203 to be a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable
2204 name that happens to be missing. So you have to put either the
2205 backslash or the name.
2206 flock() on closed filehandle %s
2208 (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself
2209 closed some time before now. Check your control flow. flock()
2210 operates on filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a
2211 dirhandle by the same name?
2212 Format not terminated
2214 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot.
2215 Perl got to the end of your file without finding such a line.
2216 Format %s redefined
2218 (W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
2219 {
2221 no warnings 'redefine';
2222 eval "format NAME =...";
2223 }
2224 Found = in conditional, should be ==
2226 (W syntax) You said
2227 if ($foo = 123)
2229 when you meant
2231 if ($foo == 123)
2233 (or something like that).
2235 %s found where operator expected
2237 (S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an
2238 operator. If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was
2239 expecting to see an operator, it gives you this warning. Usually
2240 it indicates that an operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a
2241 semicolon.
2242 gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
2244 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
2245 gethostent not implemented
2247 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(),
2248 probably because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return
2249 every hostname on the Internet.
2250 get%sname() on closed socket %s
2252 (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a
2253 closed socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your
2254 socket() call?
2255 getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
2257 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to "sys$getuai" underlying
2258 the "getpwnam" operator returned an invalid UIC.
2259 getsockopt() on closed socket %s
2261 (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket.
2262 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
2263 See "getsockopt" in perlfunc.
2264 given is experimental
2266 (S experimental::smartmatch) "given" depends on smartmatch, which
2267 is experimental, so its behavior may change or even be removed in
2268 any future release of perl. See the explanation under
2269 "Experimental Details on given and when" in perlsyn.
2270 Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name (did you forget to
2272 declare "my %s"?)
2273 (F) You've said "use strict" or "use strict vars", which indicates
2274 that all variables must either be lexically scoped (using "my" or
2275 "state"), declared beforehand using "our", or explicitly qualified
2276 to say which package the global variable is in (using "::").
2277 glob failed (%s)
2279 (S glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for
2280 "glob" and "<*.c>". Usually, this means that you supplied a "glob"
2281 pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a
2282 nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit
2283 resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell)
2284 is broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related
2285 variables in config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer
2286 to it as if it were csh (e.g. "full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'");
2287 otherwise, make them all empty (except that "d_csh" should be
2288 'undef') so that Perl will think csh is missing. In either case,
2289 after editing config.sh, run "./Configure -S" and rebuild Perl.
2290 Glob not terminated
2292 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was
2293 expecting a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle
2294 bracket, and not finding it. Chances are you left some needed
2295 parentheses out earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
2296 than".
2297 gmtime(%f) failed
2299 (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that it could not
2300 handle: too large, too small, or NaN. The returned value is
2301 "undef".
2302 gmtime(%f) too large
2304 (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that was larger than
2305 it can reliably handle and "gmtime" probably returned the wrong
2306 date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special not-a-
2307 number value).
2308 gmtime(%f) too small
2310 (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that was smaller
2311 than it can reliably handle and "gmtime" probably returned the
2312 wrong date.
2313 Got an error from DosAllocMem
2315 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an
2316 obsolete version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
2317 goto must have label
2319 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
2320 unspecified destination. See "goto" in perlfunc.
2321 Goto undefined subroutine%s
2323 (F) You tried to call a subroutine with "goto &sub" syntax, but the
2324 indicated subroutine hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has
2325 since been undefined.
2326 Group name must start with a non-digit word character in regex; marked
2328 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2329 (F) Group names must follow the rules for perl identifiers, meaning
2330 they must start with a non-digit word character. A common cause of
2331 this error is using (?&0) instead of (?0). See perlre.
2332 ()-group starts with a count
2334 (F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is supposed to follow
2335 something: a template character or a ()-group. See "pack" in
2336 perlfunc.
2337 %s had compilation errors.
2339 (F) The final summary message when a "perl -c" fails.
2340 Had to create %s unexpectedly
2342 (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that
2343 ought to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and
2344 had to be created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
2345 %s has too many errors
2347 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10
2348 errors. Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
2349 Hexadecimal float: exponent overflow
2351 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a larger exponent
2352 than the floating point supports.
2353 Hexadecimal float: exponent underflow
2355 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a smaller exponent
2356 than the floating point supports. With the IEEE 754 floating
2357 point, this may also mean that the subnormals (formerly known as
2358 denormals) are being used, which may or may not be an error.
2359 Hexadecimal float: internal error (%s)
2361 (F) Something went horribly bad in hexadecimal float handling.
2362 Hexadecimal float: mantissa overflow
2364 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point literal had more bits
2365 in the mantissa (the part between the 0x and the exponent, also
2366 known as the fraction or the significand) than the floating point
2367 supports.
2368 Hexadecimal float: precision loss
2370 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point had internally more
2371 digits than could be output. This can be caused by unsupported
2372 long double formats, or by 64-bit integers not being available
2373 (needed to retrieve the digits under some configurations).
2374 Hexadecimal float: unsupported long double format
2376 (F) You have configured Perl to use long doubles but the internals
2377 of the long double format are unknown; therefore the hexadecimal
2378 float output is impossible.
2379 Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
2381 (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than
2382 2**32-1 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems.
2383 See perlport for more on portability concerns.
2384 Identifier too long
2386 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.)
2387 to about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for
2388 compound names (like $A::B). You've exceeded Perl's limits.
2389 Future versions of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary
2390 limitations.
2391 Ignoring zero length \N{} in character class in regex; marked by
2393 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2394 (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a
2395 zero-length sequence. When such an escape is used in a character
2396 class its behavior is not well defined. Check that the correct
2397 escape has been used, and the correct charname handler is in scope.
2398 Illegal binary digit '%c'
2400 (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
2401 Illegal binary digit %s ignored
2403 (W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a
2404 binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before
2405 the offending digit.
2406 Illegal character after '_' in prototype for %s : %s
2408 (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype
2409 declaration. The '_' in a prototype must be followed by a ';',
2410 indicating the rest of the parameters are optional, or one of '@'
2411 or '%', since those two will accept 0 or more final parameters.
2412 Illegal character \%o (carriage return)
2414 (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
2415 would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this
2416 error when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason,
2417 your version of Perl appears to have been built without this
2418 support. Talk to your Perl administrator.
2419 Illegal character following sigil in a subroutine signature
2421 (F) A parameter in a subroutine signature contained an unexpected
2422 character following the "$", "@" or "%" sigil character. Normally
2423 the sigil should be followed by the variable name or "=" etc.
2424 Perhaps you are trying use a prototype while in the scope of "use
2425 feature 'signatures'"? For example:
2426 sub foo ($$) {} # legal - a prototype
2428 use feature 'signatures;
2430 sub foo ($$) {} # illegal - was expecting a signature
2431 sub foo ($a, $b)
2432 :prototype($$) {} # legal
2433 Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s
2435 (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype
2436 declaration. Legal characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [,
2437 ], &, \, and +. Perhaps you were trying to write a subroutine
2438 signature but didn't enable that feature first ("use feature
2439 'signatures'"), so your signature was instead interpreted as a bad
2440 prototype.
2441 Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine
2443 (F) When using the "sub" keyword to construct an anonymous
2444 subroutine, you must always specify a block of code. See perlsub.
2445 Illegal declaration of subroutine %s
2447 (F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See perlsub.
2448 Illegal division by zero
2450 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong
2451 in your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against
2452 meaningless input.
2453 Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored
2455 (W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or
2456 A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the
2457 hexadecimal number stopped before the illegal character.
2458 Illegal modulus zero
2460 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most
2461 numbers don't take to this kindly.
2462 Illegal number of bits in vec
2464 (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a
2465 power of two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).
2466 Illegal octal digit '%c'
2468 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
2469 Illegal octal digit %s ignored
2471 (W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
2472 Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
2473 Illegal operator following parameter in a subroutine signature
2475 (F) A parameter in a subroutine signature, was followed by
2476 something other than "=" introducing a default, "," or ")".
2477 use feature 'signatures';
2479 sub foo ($=1) {} # legal
2480 sub foo ($a = 1) {} # legal
2481 sub foo ($a += 1) {} # illegal
2482 sub foo ($a == 1) {} # illegal
2483 Illegal pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2485 (F) You wrote something like
2486 (?+foo)
2488 The "+" is valid only when followed by digits, indicating a
2490 capturing group. See "(?PARNO)".
2491 Illegal suidscript
2493 (F) The script run under suidperl was somehow illegal.
2494 Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: -%c
2496 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
2497 following switches: -[CDIMUdmtw].
2498 Illegal user-defined property name
2500 (F) You specified a Unicode-like property name in a regular
2501 expression pattern (using "\p{}" or "\P{}") that Perl knows isn't
2502 an official Unicode property, and was likely meant to be a user-
2503 defined property name, but it can't be one of those, as they must
2504 begin with either "In" or "Is". Check the spelling. See also
2505 "Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"".
2506 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
2508 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the
2509 CRTL's internal environ array, and encountered an element without
2510 the "=" delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element
2511 is ignored.
2512 Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
2514 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a
2515 logical name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate
2516 over %ENV, and didn't see the expected delimiter between key and
2517 value, so the line was ignored.
2518 (in cleanup) %s
2520 (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method
2521 raised the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually
2522 called by the system at arbitrary points during execution, and
2523 often a vast number of times, the warning is issued only once for
2524 any number of failures that would otherwise result in the same
2525 message being repeated.
2526 Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the "G_KEEPERR" flag
2528 could also result in this warning. See "G_KEEPERR" in perlcall.
2529 Incomplete expression within '(?[ ])' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2531 m/%s/
2532 (F) There was a syntax error within the "(?[ ])". This can happen
2533 if the expression inside the construct was completely empty, or if
2534 there are too many or few operands for the number of operators.
2535 Perl is not smart enough to give you a more precise indication as
2536 to what is wrong.
2537 Inconsistent hierarchy during C3 merge of class '%s': merging failed on
2539 parent '%s'
2540 (F) The method resolution order (MRO) of the given class is not
2541 C3-consistent, and you have enabled the C3 MRO for this class. See
2542 the C3 documentation in mro for more information.
2543 Indentation on line %d of here-doc doesn't match delimiter
2545 (F) You have an indented here-document where one or more of its
2546 lines have whitespace at the beginning that does not match the
2547 closing delimiter.
2548 For example, line 2 below is wrong because it does not have at
2550 least 2 spaces, but lines 1 and 3 are fine because they have at
2551 least 2:
2552 if ($something) {
2554 print <<~EOF;
2555 Line 1
2556 Line 2 not
2557 Line 3
2558 EOF
2559 }
2560 Note that tabs and spaces are compared strictly, meaning 1 tab will
2562 not match 8 spaces.
2563 Infinite recursion in regex
2565 (F) You used a pattern that references itself without consuming any
2566 input text. You should check the pattern to ensure that recursive
2567 patterns either consume text or fail.
2568 Infinite recursion via empty pattern
2570 (F) You tried to use the empty pattern inside of a regex code
2571 block, for instance "/(?{ s!!! })/", which resulted in re-executing
2572 the same pattern, which is an infinite loop which is broken by
2573 throwing an exception.
2574 Initialization of state variables in list currently forbidden
2576 (F) "state" only permits initializing a single variable, specified
2577 without parentheses. So "state $a = 42" and "state @a = qw(a b c)"
2578 are allowed, but not "state ($a) = 42" or "(state $a) = 42". To
2579 initialize more than one "state" variable, initialize them one at a
2580 time.
2581 %%s[%s] in scalar context better written as $%s[%s]
2583 (W syntax) In scalar context, you've used an array index/value
2584 slice (indicated by %) to select a single element of an array.
2585 Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).
2586 The difference is that $foo[&bar] always behaves like a scalar,
2587 both in the value it returns and when evaluating its argument,
2588 while %foo[&bar] provides a list context to its subscript, which
2589 can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript. When
2590 called in list context, it also returns the index (what &bar
2591 returns) in addition to the value.
2592 %%s{%s} in scalar context better written as $%s{%s}
2594 (W syntax) In scalar context, you've used a hash key/value slice
2595 (indicated by %) to select a single element of a hash. Generally
2596 it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $). The
2597 difference is that $foo{&bar} always behaves like a scalar, both in
2598 the value it returns and when evaluating its argument, while
2599 @foo{&bar} and provides a list context to its subscript, which can
2600 do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript. When
2601 called in list context, it also returns the key in addition to the
2602 value.
2603 Insecure dependency in %s
2605 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't
2606 like. The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running
2607 setuid or setgid, or when you specify -T to turn it on explicitly.
2608 The tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or
2609 indirectly from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your
2610 trust. If any such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you
2611 get this error. See perlsec for more information.
2612 Insecure directory in %s
2614 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2615 setgid script if $ENV{PATH} contains a directory that is writable
2616 by the world. Also, the PATH must not contain any relative
2617 directory. See perlsec.
2618 Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
2620 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2621 setgid script if any of $ENV{PATH}, $ENV{IFS}, $ENV{CDPATH},
2622 $ENV{ENV}, $ENV{BASH_ENV} or $ENV{TERM} are derived from data
2623 supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must
2624 set the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See
2625 perlsec.
2626 Insecure user-defined property %s
2628 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
2629 expression that contains a call to a user-defined character
2630 property function, i.e. "\p{IsFoo}" or "\p{InFoo}". See "User-
2631 Defined Character Properties" in perlunicode and perlsec.
2632 Integer overflow in format string for %s
2634 (F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of
2635 "printf()" or "sprintf()" are too large. The numbers must not
2636 overflow the size of integers for your architecture.
2637 Integer overflow in %s number
2639 (S overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have
2640 specified either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct()
2641 is too big for your architecture, and has been converted to a
2642 floating point number. On a 32-bit architecture the largest
2643 hexadecimal, octal or binary number representable without overflow
2644 is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or 0b11111111111111111111111111111111
2645 respectively. Note that Perl transparently promotes all numbers to
2646 a floating point representation internally--subject to loss of
2647 precision errors in subsequent operations.
2648 Integer overflow in srand
2650 (S overflow) The number you have passed to srand is too big to fit
2651 in your architecture's integer representation. The number has been
2652 replaced with the largest integer supported (0xFFFFFFFF on 32-bit
2653 architectures). This means you may be getting less randomness than
2654 you expect, because different random seeds above the maximum will
2655 return the same sequence of random numbers.
2656 Integer overflow in version
2658 Integer overflow in version %d
2659 (W overflow) Some portion of a version initialization is too large
2660 for the size of integers for your architecture. This is not a
2661 warning because there is no rational reason for a version to try
2662 and use an element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually
2663 caused by trying to use some odd mathematical operation as a
2664 version, like 100/9.
2665 Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2667 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
2668 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2669 problem was discovered.
2670 Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
2672 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of
2673 times you've called "fork" and "exec", to determine whether the
2674 current call to "exec" should affect the current script or a
2675 subprocess (see "exec LIST" in perlvms). Somehow, this count has
2676 become scrambled, so Perl is making a guess and treating this
2677 "exec" as a request to terminate the Perl script and execute the
2678 specified command.
2679 internal %<num>p might conflict with future printf extensions
2681 (S internal) Perl's internal routine that handles "printf" and
2682 "sprintf" formatting follows a slightly different set of rules when
2683 called from C or XS code. Specifically, formats consisting of
2684 digits followed by "p" (e.g., "%7p") are reserved for future use.
2685 If you see this message, then an XS module tried to call that
2686 routine with one such reserved format.
2687 Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2689 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser.
2690 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2691 problem was discovered.
2692 %s (...) interpreted as function
2694 (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list
2695 operator followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all
2696 the list operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See
2697 "Terms and List Operators (Leftward)" in perlop.
2698 In '(?...)', the '(' and '?' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2700 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2701 (F) The two-character sequence "(?" in this context in a regular
2702 expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2703 intervening between the "(" and the "?", but you separated them
2704 with whitespace.
2705 In '(*...)', the '(' and '*' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2707 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2708 (F) The two-character sequence "(*" in this context in a regular
2709 expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2710 intervening between the "(" and the "*", but you separated them.
2711 Fix the pattern and retry.
2712 Invalid %s attribute: %s
2714 (F) The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not
2715 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See attributes.
2716 Invalid %s attributes: %s
2718 (F) The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not
2719 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See attributes.
2720 Invalid character in charnames alias definition; marked by <-- HERE in
2722 '%s
2723 (F) You tried to create a custom alias for a character name, with
2724 the ":alias" option to "use charnames" and the specified character
2725 in the indicated name isn't valid. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in
2726 charnames.
2727 Invalid \0 character in %s for %s: %s\0%s
2729 (W syscalls) Embedded \0 characters in pathnames or other system
2730 call arguments produce a warning as of 5.20. The parts after the
2731 \0 were formerly ignored by system calls.
2732 Invalid character in \N{...}; marked by <-- HERE in \N{%s}
2734 (F) Only certain characters are valid for character names. The
2735 indicated one isn't. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in charnames.
2736 Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
2738 (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion.
2739 See "sprintf" in perlfunc.
2740 Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regex; marked by <-- HERE
2742 in m/%s/
2743 (W regexp)(F) The numeric escape (for example "\xHH") of value <
2744 256 didn't correspond to a single character through the conversion
2745 from the encoding specified by the encoding pragma. The escape was
2746 replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (U+FFFD) instead, except within
2747 "(?[ ])", where it is a fatal error. The <-- HERE shows
2748 whereabouts in the regular expression the escape was discovered.
2749 Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...}
2751 Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2752 m/%s/
2753 (F) The character constant represented by "..." is not a valid
2754 hexadecimal number. Either it is empty, or you tried to use a
2755 character other than 0 - 9 or A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number.
2756 Invalid module name %s with -%c option: contains single ':'
2758 (F) The module argument to perl's -m and -M command-line options
2759 cannot contain single colons in the module name, but only in the
2760 arguments after "=". In other words, -MFoo::Bar=:baz is ok, but
2761 -MFoo:Bar=baz is not.
2762 Invalid mro name: '%s'
2764 (F) You tried to "mro::set_mro("classname", "foo")" or "use mro
2765 'foo'", where "foo" is not a valid method resolution order (MRO).
2766 Currently, the only valid ones supported are "dfs" and "c3", unless
2767 you have loaded a module that is a MRO plugin. See mro and
2768 perlmroapi.
2769 Invalid negative number (%s) in chr
2771 (W utf8) You passed a negative number to "chr". Negative numbers
2772 are not valid character numbers, so it returns the Unicode
2773 replacement character (U+FFFD).
2774 Invalid number '%s' for -C option.
2776 (F) You supplied a number to the -C option that either has extra
2777 leading zeroes or overflows perl's unsigned integer representation.
2778 invalid option -D%c, use -D'' to see choices
2780 (S debugging) Perl was called with invalid debugger flags. Call
2781 perl with the -D option with no flags to see the list of acceptable
2782 values. See also "-Dletters" in perlrun.
2783 Invalid quantifier in {,} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2785 (F) The pattern looks like a {min,max} quantifier, but the min or
2786 max could not be parsed as a valid number - either it has leading
2787 zeroes, or it represents too big a number to cope with. The
2788 <-- HERE shows where in the regular expression the problem was
2789 discovered. See perlre.
2790 Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2792 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum
2793 character greater than the maximum character. One possibility is
2794 that you forgot the "{}" from your ending "\x{}" - "\x" without the
2795 curly braces can go only up to "ff". The <-- HERE shows
2796 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
2797 See perlre.
2798 Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator
2800 (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
2801 character greater than the maximum character. See perlop.
2802 Invalid separator character %s in attribute list
2804 (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the
2805 elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a
2806 parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too
2807 soon. See attributes.
2808 Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s
2810 (W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something
2811 other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a
2812 layer list. If the previous attribute had a parenthesised
2813 parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
2814 Invalid strict version format (%s)
2816 (F) A version number did not meet the "strict" criteria for
2817 versions. A "strict" version number is a positive decimal number
2818 (integer or decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a
2819 dotted-decimal v-string with a leading 'v' character and at least
2820 three components. The parenthesized text indicates which criteria
2821 were not met. See the version module for more details on allowed
2822 version formats.
2823 Invalid type '%s' in %s
2825 (F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type. See
2826 "pack" in perlfunc.
2827 (W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used
2829 to be silently ignored.
2830 Invalid version format (%s)
2832 (F) A version number did not meet the "lax" criteria for versions.
2833 A "lax" version number is a positive decimal number (integer or
2834 decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a dotted-decimal
2835 v-string. If the v-string has fewer than three components, it must
2836 have a leading 'v' character. Otherwise, the leading 'v' is
2837 optional. Both decimal and dotted-decimal versions may have a
2838 trailing "alpha" component separated by an underscore character
2839 after a fractional or dotted-decimal component. The parenthesized
2840 text indicates which criteria were not met. See the version module
2841 for more details on allowed version formats.
2842 Invalid version object
2844 (F) The internal structure of the version object was invalid.
2845 Perhaps the internals were modified directly in some way or an
2846 arbitrary reference was blessed into the "version" class.
2847 In '(*VERB...)', the '(' and '*' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2849 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2850 (F) The two-character sequence "(*" in this context in a regular
2851 expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2852 intervening between the "(" and the "*", but you separated them.
2853 ioctl is not implemented
2855 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is
2856 pretty strange for a machine that supports C.
2857 ioctl() on unopened %s
2859 (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never
2860 opened. Check your control flow and number of arguments.
2861 IO layers (like '%s') unavailable
2863 (F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore
2864 you cannot use IO layers. To have PerlIO, Perl must be configured
2865 with 'useperlio'.
2866 IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture
2868 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,
2869 neither as a system call nor an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).
2870 '%s' is an unknown bound type in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2872 (F) You used "\b{...}" or "\B{...}" and the "..." is not known to
2873 Perl. The current valid ones are given in "\b{}, \b, \B{}, \B" in
2874 perlrebackslash.
2875 %s() is deprecated on :utf8 handles. This will be a fatal error in Perl
2877 5.30
2878 (D deprecated) The sysread(), recv(), syswrite() and send()
2879 operators are deprecated on handles that have the ":utf8" layer,
2880 either explicitly, or implicitly, eg., with the
2881 ":encoding(UTF-16LE)" layer.
2882 Both sysread() and recv() currently use only the ":utf8" flag for
2884 the stream, ignoring the actual layers. Since sysread() and recv()
2885 do no UTF-8 validation they can end up creating invalidly encoded
2886 scalars.
2887 Similarly, syswrite() and send() use only the ":utf8" flag,
2889 otherwise ignoring any layers. If the flag is set, both write the
2890 value UTF-8 encoded, even if the layer is some different encoding,
2891 such as the example above.
2892 Ideally, all of these operators would completely ignore the ":utf8"
2894 state, working only with bytes, but this would result in silently
2895 breaking existing code.
2896 In Perl 5.30, it will no longer be possible to use sysread(),
2898 recv(), syswrite() or send() to read or send bytes from/to :utf8
2899 handles.
2900 "%s" is more clearly written simply as "%s" in regex; marked by
2902 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2903 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
2904 You specified a character that has the given plainer way of writing
2906 it, and which is also portable to platforms running with different
2907 character sets.
2908 $* is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30
2910 (D deprecated, syntax) The special variable $*, deprecated in older
2911 perls, has been removed as of 5.10.0 and is no longer supported.
2912 In previous versions of perl the use of $* enabled or disabled
2913 multi-line matching within a string.
2914 Instead of using $* you should use the "/m" (and maybe "/s") regexp
2916 modifiers. You can enable "/m" for a lexical scope (even a whole
2917 file) with "use re '/m'". (In older versions: when $* was set to a
2918 true value then all regular expressions behaved as if they were
2919 written using "/m".)
2920 Use of this variable will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
2922 $# is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30
2924 (D deprecated, syntax) The special variable $#, deprecated in older
2925 perls, has been removed as of 5.10.0 and is no longer supported.
2926 You should use the printf/sprintf functions instead.
2927 Use of this variable will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
2929 '%s' is not a code reference
2931 (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of
2932 overload::constant needs to be a code reference. Either an
2933 anonymous subroutine, or a reference to a subroutine.
2934 '%s' is not an overloadable type
2936 (W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload
2937 package is unaware of.
2938 -i used with no filenames on the command line, reading from STDIN
2940 (S inplace) The "-i" option was passed on the command line,
2941 indicating that the script is intended to edit files in place, but
2942 no files were given. This is usually a mistake, since editing
2943 STDIN in place doesn't make sense, and can be confusing because it
2944 can make perl look like it is hanging when it is really just trying
2945 to read from STDIN. You should either pass a filename to edit, or
2946 remove "-i" from the command line. See perlrun for more details.
2947 Junk on end of regexp in regex m/%s/
2949 (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
2950 Label not found for "last %s"
2952 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a
2953 loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called
2954 from. See "last" in perlfunc.
2955 Label not found for "next %s"
2957 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a
2958 loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called
2959 from. See "last" in perlfunc.
2960 Label not found for "redo %s"
2962 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop
2963 of that name, not even if you count where you were called from.
2964 See "last" in perlfunc.
2965 leaving effective %s failed
2967 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, switching the real and
2968 effective uids or gids failed.
2969 length/code after end of string in unpack
2971 (F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an
2972 unpack length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This
2973 results in an undefined value for the length. See "pack" in
2974 perlfunc.
2975 length() used on %s (did you mean "scalar(%s)"?)
2977 (W syntax) You used length() on either an array or a hash when you
2978 probably wanted a count of the items.
2979 Array size can be obtained by doing:
2981 scalar(@array);
2983 The number of items in a hash can be obtained by doing:
2985 scalar(keys %hash);
2987 Lexing code attempted to stuff non-Latin-1 character into Latin-1 input
2989 (F) An extension is attempting to insert text into the current
2990 parse (using lex_stuff_pvn or similar), but tried to insert a
2991 character that couldn't be part of the current input. This is an
2992 inherent pitfall of the stuffing mechanism, and one of the reasons
2993 to avoid it. Where it is necessary to stuff, stuffing only plain
2994 ASCII is recommended.
2995 Lexing code internal error (%s)
2997 (F) Lexing code supplied by an extension violated the lexer's API
2998 in a detectable way.
2999 listen() on closed socket %s
3001 (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you
3002 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
3003 "listen" in perlfunc.
3004 List form of piped open not implemented
3006 (F) On some platforms, notably Windows, the three-or-more-arguments
3007 form of "open" does not support pipes, such as "open($pipe, '|-',
3008 @args)". Use the two-argument "open($pipe, '|prog arg1 arg2...')"
3009 form instead.
3010 Literal vertical space in [] is illegal except under /x in regex;
3012 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3013 (F) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
3014 Likely you forgot the "/x" modifier or there was a typo in the
3016 pattern. For example, did you really mean to match a form-feed?
3017 If so, all the ASCII vertical space control characters are
3018 representable by escape sequences which won't present such a
3019 jarring appearance as your pattern does when displayed.
3020 \r carriage return
3022 \f form feed
3023 \n line feed
3024 \cK vertical tab
3025 %s: loadable library and perl binaries are mismatched (got handshake
3027 key %p, needed %p)
3028 (P) A dynamic loading library ".so" or ".dll" was being loaded into
3029 the process that was built against a different build of perl than
3030 the said library was compiled against. Reinstalling the XS module
3031 will likely fix this error.
3032 Locale '%s' contains (at least) the following characters which have
3034 unexpected meanings: %s The Perl program will use the expected
3035 meanings
3036 (W locale) You are using the named UTF-8 locale. UTF-8 locales are
3037 expected to have very particular behavior, which most do. This
3038 message arises when perl found some departures from the
3039 expectations, and is notifying you that the expected behavior
3040 overrides these differences. In some cases the differences are
3041 caused by the locale definition being defective, but the most
3042 common causes of this warning are when there are ambiguities and
3043 conflicts in following the Standard, and the locale has chosen an
3044 approach that differs from Perl's.
3045 One of these is because that, contrary to the claims, Unicode is
3047 not completely locale insensitive. Turkish and some related
3048 languages have two types of "I" characters. One is dotted in both
3049 upper- and lowercase, and the other is dotless in both cases.
3050 Unicode allows a locale to use either the Turkish rules, or the
3051 rules used in all other instances, where there is only one type of
3052 "I", which is dotless in the uppercase, and dotted in the lower.
3053 The perl core does not (yet) handle the Turkish case, and this
3054 message warns you of that. Instead, the Unicode::Casing module
3055 allows you to mostly implement the Turkish casing rules.
3056 The other common cause is for the characters
3058 $ + < = > ^ ` | ~
3060 These are probematic. The C standard says that these should be
3062 considered punctuation in the C locale (and the POSIX standard
3063 defers to the C standard), and Unicode is generally considered a
3064 superset of the C locale. But Unicode has added an extra category,
3065 "Symbol", and classifies these particular characters as being
3066 symbols. Most UTF-8 locales have them treated as punctuation, so
3067 that ispunct(2) returns non-zero for them. But a few locales have
3068 it return 0. Perl takes the first approach, not using "ispunct()"
3069 at all (see Note [5] in perlrecharclass), and this message is
3070 raised to notify you that you are getting Perl's approach, not the
3071 locale's.
3072 Locale '%s' may not work well.%s
3074 (W locale) You are using the named locale, which is a non-UTF-8
3075 one, and which perl has determined is not fully compatible with
3076 what it can handle. The second %s gives a reason.
3077 By far the most common reason is that the locale has characters in
3079 it that are represented by more than one byte. The only such
3080 locales that Perl can handle are the UTF-8 locales. Most likely
3081 the specified locale is a non-UTF-8 one for an East Asian language
3082 such as Chinese or Japanese. If the locale is a superset of ASCII,
3083 the ASCII portion of it may work in Perl.
3084 Some essentially obsolete locales that aren't supersets of ASCII,
3086 mainly those in ISO 646 or other 7-bit locales, such as ASMO 449,
3087 can also have problems, depending on what portions of the ASCII
3088 character set get changed by the locale and are also used by the
3089 program. The warning message lists the determinable conflicting
3090 characters.
3091 Note that not all incompatibilities are found.
3093 If this happens to you, there's not much you can do except switch
3095 to use a different locale or use Encode to translate from the
3096 locale into UTF-8; if that's impracticable, you have been warned
3097 that some things may break.
3098 This message is output once each time a bad locale is switched into
3100 within the scope of "use locale", or on the first possibly-affected
3101 operation if the "use locale" inherits a bad one. It is not raised
3102 for any operations from the POSIX module.
3103 localtime(%f) failed
3105 (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that it could not
3106 handle: too large, too small, or NaN. The returned value is
3107 "undef".
3108 localtime(%f) too large
3110 (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that was larger
3111 than it can reliably handle and "localtime" probably returned the
3112 wrong date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special
3113 not-a-number value).
3114 localtime(%f) too small
3116 (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that was smaller
3117 than it can reliably handle and "localtime" probably returned the
3118 wrong date.
3119 Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/
3121 (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which
3122 lookbehind can handle. This restriction may be eased in a future
3123 release.
3124 Lost precision when %s %f by 1
3126 (W imprecision) The value you attempted to increment or decrement
3127 by one is too large for the underlying floating point
3128 representation to store accurately, hence the target of "++" or
3129 "--" is unchanged. Perl issues this warning because it has already
3130 switched from integers to floating point when values are too large
3131 for integers, and now even floating point is insufficient. You may
3132 wish to switch to using Math::BigInt explicitly.
3133 lstat() on filehandle%s
3135 (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean
3136 by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a
3137 fstat() instead on the filehandle.)
3138 lvalue attribute %s already-defined subroutine
3140 (W misc) Although attributes.pm allows this, turning the lvalue
3141 attribute on or off on a Perl subroutine that is already defined
3142 does not always work properly. It may or may not do what you want,
3143 depending on what code is inside the subroutine, with exact details
3144 subject to change between Perl versions. Only do this if you
3145 really know what you are doing.
3146 lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined
3148 (W misc) Using the ":lvalue" declarative syntax to make a Perl
3149 subroutine an lvalue subroutine after it has been defined is not
3150 permitted. To make the subroutine an lvalue subroutine, add the
3151 lvalue attribute to the definition, or put the "sub foo :lvalue;"
3152 declaration before the definition.
3153 See also attributes.pm.
3155 Magical list constants are not supported
3157 (F) You assigned a magical array to a stash element, and then tried
3158 to use the subroutine from the same slot. You are asking Perl to
3159 do something it cannot do, details subject to change between Perl
3160 versions.
3161 Malformed integer in [] in pack
3163 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only
3164 digits are permitted. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3165 Malformed integer in [] in unpack
3167 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only
3168 digits are permitted. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3169 Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
3171 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the
3172 form
3173 prefix1;prefix2
3175 or
3177 prefix1 prefix2
3178 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If "prefix1" is indeed a prefix
3180 of a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The
3181 error may appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
3182 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in perlos2.
3183 Malformed prototype for %s: %s
3185 (F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The
3186 syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check
3187 for obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check
3188 is run when the function is called. Perhaps the function's author
3189 was trying to write a subroutine signature but didn't enable that
3190 feature first ("use feature 'signatures'"), so the signature was
3191 instead interpreted as a bad prototype.
3192 Malformed UTF-8 character%s
3194 (S utf8)(F) Perl detected a string that should be UTF-8, but didn't
3195 comply with UTF-8 encoding rules, or represents a code point whose
3196 ordinal integer value doesn't fit into the word size of the current
3197 platform (overflows). Details as to the exact malformation are
3198 given in the variable, %s, part of the message.
3199 One possible cause is that you set the UTF8 flag yourself for data
3201 that you thought to be in UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example
3202 legacy 8-bit data). To guard against this, you can use
3203 "Encode::decode('UTF-8', ...)".
3204 If you use the ":encoding(UTF-8)" PerlIO layer for input, invalid
3206 byte sequences are handled gracefully, but if you use ":utf8", the
3207 flag is set without validating the data, possibly resulting in this
3208 error message.
3209 See also "Handling Malformed Data" in Encode.
3211 Malformed UTF-8 returned by \N{%s} immediately after '%s'
3213 (F) The charnames handler returned malformed UTF-8.
3214 Malformed UTF-8 string in "%s"
3216 (F) This message indicates a bug either in the Perl core or in XS
3217 code. Such code was trying to find out if a character, allegedly
3218 stored internally encoded as UTF-8, was of a given type, such as
3219 being punctuation or a digit. But the character was not encoded in
3220 legal UTF-8. The %s is replaced by a string that can be used by
3221 knowledgeable people to determine what the type being checked
3222 against was.
3223 Passing malformed strings was deprecated in Perl 5.18, and became
3225 fatal in Perl 5.26.
3226 Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack
3228 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3229 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3230 progress.
3231 Malformed UTF-8 string in pack
3233 (F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3234 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3235 progress.
3236 Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack
3238 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3239 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3240 progress.
3241 Malformed UTF-16 surrogate
3243 (F) Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but
3244 while doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
3245 Mandatory parameter follows optional parameter
3247 (F) In a subroutine signature, you wrote something like "$a =
3248 undef, $b", making an earlier parameter optional and a later one
3249 mandatory. Parameters are filled from left to right, so it's
3250 impossible for the caller to omit an earlier one and pass a later
3251 one. If you want to act as if the parameters are filled from right
3252 to left, declare the rightmost optional and then shuffle the
3253 parameters around in the subroutine's body.
3254 Matched non-Unicode code point 0x%X against Unicode property; may not
3256 be portable
3257 (S non_unicode) Perl allows strings to contain a superset of
3258 Unicode code points; each code point may be as large as what is
3259 storable in a signed integer on your system, but these may not be
3260 accepted by other languages/systems. This message occurs when you
3261 matched a string containing such a code point against a regular
3262 expression pattern, and the code point was matched against a
3263 Unicode property, "\p{...}" or "\P{...}". Unicode properties are
3264 only defined on Unicode code points, so the result of this match is
3265 undefined by Unicode, but Perl (starting in v5.20) treats non-
3266 Unicode code points as if they were typical unassigned Unicode
3267 ones, and matched this one accordingly. Whether a given property
3268 matches these code points or not is specified in "Properties
3269 accessible through \p{} and \P{}" in perluniprops.
3270 This message is suppressed (unless it has been made fatal) if it is
3272 immaterial to the results of the match if the code point is Unicode
3273 or not. For example, the property "\p{ASCII_Hex_Digit}" only can
3274 match the 22 characters "[0-9A-Fa-f]", so obviously all other code
3275 points, Unicode or not, won't match it. (And "\P{ASCII_Hex_Digit}"
3276 will match every code point except these 22.)
3277 Getting this message indicates that the outcome of the match
3279 arguably should have been the opposite of what actually happened.
3280 If you think that is the case, you may wish to make the
3281 "non_unicode" warnings category fatal; if you agree with Perl's
3282 decision, you may wish to turn off this category.
3283 See "Beyond Unicode code points" in perlunicode for more
3285 information.
3286 %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3288 (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop
3289 if the regular expression engine didn't specifically check for
3290 that. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
3291 problem was discovered. See perlre.
3292 Maximal count of pending signals (%u) exceeded
3294 (F) Perl aborted due to too high a number of signals pending. This
3295 usually indicates that your operating system tried to deliver
3296 signals too fast (with a very high priority), starving the perl
3297 process from resources it would need to reach a point where it can
3298 process signals safely. (See "Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)" in
3299 perlipc.)
3300 "%s" may clash with future reserved word
3302 (W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a
3303 perl4 interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned
3304 about is "use" or "my".
3305 '%' may not be used in pack
3307 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
3308 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other
3309 way. See "unpack" in perlfunc.
3310 Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
3312 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table
3313 that doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See overload.
3314 Method %s not permitted
3316 See "500 Server error".
3317 Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
3319 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been
3320 caused by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it
3321 eventually ended earlier on the current line.
3322 Misplaced _ in number
3324 (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
3325 separate two digits.
3326 Missing argument for %n in %s
3328 (F) A %n was used in a format string with no corresponding argument
3329 for perl to write the current string length to.
3330 Missing argument in %s
3332 (W missing) You called a function with fewer arguments than other
3333 arguments you supplied indicated would be needed.
3334 Currently only emitted when a printf-type format required more
3336 arguments than were supplied, but might be used in the future for
3337 other cases where we can statically determine that arguments to
3338 functions are missing, e.g. for the "pack" in perlfunc function.
3339 Missing argument to -%c
3341 (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
3342 immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
3343 Missing braces on \N{}
3345 Missing braces on \N{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3346 (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal "\N{charname}" within
3347 double-quotish context. This can also happen when there is a space
3348 (or comment) between the "\N" and the "{" in a regex with the "/x"
3349 modifier. This modifier does not change the requirement that the
3350 brace immediately follow the "\N".
3351 Missing braces on \o{}
3353 (F) A "\o" must be followed immediately by a "{" in double-quotish
3354 context.
3355 Missing comma after first argument to %s function
3357 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
3358 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
3359 Missing command in piped open
3361 (W pipe) You used the "open(FH, "| command")" or "open(FH, "command
3362 |")" construction, but the command was missing or blank.
3363 Missing control char name in \c
3365 (F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required
3366 control character name.
3367 Missing ']' in prototype for %s : %s
3369 (W illegalproto) A grouping was started with "[" but never closed
3370 with "]".
3371 Missing name in "%s sub"
3373 (F) The syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that they
3374 have a name with which they can be found.
3375 Missing $ on loop variable
3377 (F) Apparently you've been programming in csh too much. Variables
3378 are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells,
3379 where it can vary from one line to the next.
3380 (Missing operator before %s?)
3382 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
3383 message "%s found where operator expected". Often the missing
3384 operator is a comma.
3385 Missing or undefined argument to %s
3387 (F) You tried to call require or do with no argument or with an
3388 undefined value as an argument. Require expects either a package
3389 name or a file-specification as an argument; do expects a filename.
3390 See "require EXPR" in perlfunc and "do EXPR" in perlfunc.
3391 Missing right brace on \%c{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3393 (F) Missing right brace in "\x{...}", "\p{...}", "\P{...}", or
3394 "\N{...}".
3395 Missing right brace on \N{}
3397 Missing right brace on \N{} or unescaped left brace after \N
3398 (F) "\N" has two meanings.
3399 The traditional one has it followed by a name enclosed in braces,
3401 meaning the character (or sequence of characters) given by that
3402 name. Thus "\N{ASTERISK}" is another way of writing "*", valid in
3403 both double-quoted strings and regular expression patterns. In
3404 patterns, it doesn't have the meaning an unescaped "*" does.
3405 Starting in Perl 5.12.0, "\N" also can have an additional meaning
3407 (only) in patterns, namely to match a non-newline character. (This
3408 is short for "[^\n]", and like "." but is not affected by the "/s"
3409 regex modifier.)
3410 This can lead to some ambiguities. When "\N" is not followed
3412 immediately by a left brace, Perl assumes the "[^\n]" meaning.
3413 Also, if the braces form a valid quantifier such as "\N{3}" or
3414 "\N{5,}", Perl assumes that this means to match the given quantity
3415 of non-newlines (in these examples, 3; and 5 or more,
3416 respectively). In all other case, where there is a "\N{" and a
3417 matching "}", Perl assumes that a character name is desired.
3418 However, if there is no matching "}", Perl doesn't know if it was
3420 mistakenly omitted, or if "[^\n]{" was desired, and raises this
3421 error. If you meant the former, add the right brace; if you meant
3422 the latter, escape the brace with a backslash, like so: "\N\{"
3423 Missing right curly or square bracket
3425 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than
3426 closing ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the
3427 place you were last editing.
3428 (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
3430 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
3431 message "%s found where operator expected". Don't automatically
3432 put a semicolon on the previous line just because you saw this
3433 message.
3434 Modification of a read-only value attempted
3436 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
3437 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
3438 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
3439 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
3441 mod(2);
3442 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the
3444 string.
3445 Yet another way is to assign to a "foreach" loop VAR when VAR is
3447 aliased to a constant in the look LIST:
3448 $x = 1;
3450 foreach my $n ($x, 2) {
3451 $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to
3452 } # modify the 2
3453 Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s
3455 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
3456 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the
3457 array backwards.
3458 Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s
3460 (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it
3461 couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.
3462 Module name must be constant
3464 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a
3465 "use".
3466 Module name required with -%c option
3468 (F) The "-M" or "-m" options say that Perl should load some module,
3469 but you omitted the name of the module. Consult perlrun for full
3470 details about "-M" and "-m".
3471 More than one argument to '%s' open
3473 (F) The "open" function has been asked to open multiple files.
3474 This can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that
3475 takes a list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped
3476 open mode. See "open" in perlfunc for details.
3477 mprotect for COW string %p %u failed with %d
3479 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW (see "Copy on
3480 Write" in perlguts), but a shared string buffer could not be made
3481 read-only.
3482 mprotect for %p %u failed with %d
3484 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see
3485 perlhacktips), but an op tree could not be made read-only.
3486 mprotect RW for COW string %p %u failed with %d
3488 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW (see "Copy on
3489 Write" in perlguts), but a read-only shared string buffer could not
3490 be made mutable.
3491 mprotect RW for %p %u failed with %d
3493 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see
3494 perlhacktips), but a read-only op tree could not be made mutable
3495 before freeing the ops.
3496 msg%s not implemented
3498 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
3499 Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
3501 (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like $foo[1,2,3].
3502 They're written like $foo[1][2][3], as in C.
3503 Multiple slurpy parameters not allowed
3505 (F) In subroutine signatures, a slurpy parameter ("@" or "%") must
3506 be the last parameter, and there must not be more than one of them;
3507 for example:
3508 sub foo ($a, @b) {} # legal
3510 sub foo ($a, @b, %) {} # invalid
3511 '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack
3513 (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did
3514 not follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value.
3515 See "pack" in perlfunc.
3516 %s must not be a named sequence in transliteration operator
3518 (F) Transliteration ("tr///" and "y///") transliterates individual
3519 characters. But a named sequence by definition is more than an
3520 individual character, and hence doing this operation on it doesn't
3521 make sense.
3522 "my sub" not yet implemented
3524 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't
3525 try that yet.
3526 "my" subroutine %s can't be in a package
3528 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't
3529 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
3530 front.
3531 "my %s" used in sort comparison
3533 (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort
3534 comparisons. You used $a or $b in as an operand to the "<=>" or
3535 "cmp" operator inside a sort comparison block, and the variable had
3536 earlier been declared as a lexical variable. Either qualify the
3537 sort variable with the package name, or rename the lexical
3538 variable.
3539 "my" variable %s can't be in a package
3541 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't
3542 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
3543 front. Use local() if you want to localize a package variable.
3544 Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
3546 (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable
3547 names. If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then
3548 just mention it again somehow to suppress the message. The "our"
3549 declaration is also provided for this purpose.
3550 NOTE: This warning detects package symbols that have been used only
3552 once. This means lexical variables will never trigger this
3553 warning. It also means that all of the package variables $c, @c,
3554 %c, as well as *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or
3555 format) are considered the same; if a program uses $c only once but
3556 also uses any of the others it will not trigger this warning.
3557 Symbols beginning with an underscore and symbols using special
3558 identifiers (q.v. perldata) are exempt from this warning.
3559 Need exactly 3 octal digits in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3561 (F) Within "(?[ ])", all constants interpreted as octal need to
3562 be exactly 3 digits long. This helps catch some ambiguities. If
3563 your constant is too short, add leading zeros, like
3564 (?[ [ \078 ] ]) # Syntax error!
3566 (?[ [ \0078 ] ]) # Works
3567 (?[ [ \007 8 ] ]) # Clearer
3568 The maximum number this construct can express is "\777". If you
3570 need a larger one, you need to use \o{} instead. If you meant two
3571 separate things, you need to separate them:
3572 (?[ [ \7776 ] ]) # Syntax error!
3574 (?[ [ \o{7776} ] ]) # One meaning
3575 (?[ [ \777 6 ] ]) # Another meaning
3576 (?[ [ \777 \006 ] ]) # Still another
3577 Negative '/' count in unpack
3579 (F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation
3580 was negative. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3581 Negative length
3583 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
3584 length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
3585 Negative offset to vec in lvalue context
3587 (F) When "vec" is called in an lvalue context, the second argument
3588 must be greater than or equal to zero.
3589 Negative repeat count does nothing
3591 (W numeric) You tried to execute the "x" repetition operator fewer
3592 than 0 times, which doesn't make sense.
3593 Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3595 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening
3596 parentheses. So things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The
3597 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
3598 was discovered.
3599 Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, "*?", "+?", and "??"
3601 appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See perlre.
3602 %s never introduced
3604 (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went
3605 out of scope before it could possibly have been used.
3606 next::method/next::can/maybe::next::method cannot find enclosing method
3608 (F) "next::method" needs to be called within the context of a real
3609 method in a real package, and it could not find such a context.
3610 See mro.
3611 \N in a character class must be a named character: \N{...} in regex;
3613 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3614 (F) The new (as of Perl 5.12) meaning of "\N" as "[^\n]" is not
3615 valid in a bracketed character class, for the same reason that "."
3616 in a character class loses its specialness: it matches almost
3617 everything, which is probably not what you want.
3618 \N{} in inverted character class or as a range end-point is restricted
3620 to one character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3621 (F) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a multi-
3622 character sequence. Even though a character class is supposed to
3623 match just one character of input, perl will match the whole thing
3624 correctly, except when the class is inverted ("[^...]"), or the
3625 escape is the beginning or final end point of a range. The
3626 mathematically logical behavior for what matches when inverting is
3627 very different from what people expect, so we have decided to
3628 forbid it. Similarly unclear is what should be generated when the
3629 "\N{...}" is used as one of the end points of the range, such as in
3630 [\x{41}-\N{ARABIC SEQUENCE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH AE}]
3632 What is meant here is unclear, as the "\N{...}" escape is a
3634 sequence of code points, so this is made an error.
3635 \N{NAME} must be resolved by the lexer in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
3637 m/%s/
3638 (F) When compiling a regex pattern, an unresolved named character
3639 or sequence was encountered. This can happen in any of several
3640 ways that bypass the lexer, such as using single-quotish context,
3641 or an extra backslash in double-quotish:
3642 $re = '\N{SPACE}'; # Wrong!
3644 $re = "\\N{SPACE}"; # Wrong!
3645 /$re/;
3646 Instead, use double-quotes with a single backslash:
3648 $re = "\N{SPACE}"; # ok
3650 /$re/;
3651 The lexer can be bypassed as well by creating the pattern from
3653 smaller components:
3654 $re = '\N';
3656 /${re}{SPACE}/; # Wrong!
3657 It's not a good idea to split a construct in the middle like this,
3659 and it doesn't work here. Instead use the solution above.
3660 Finally, the message also can happen under the "/x" regex modifier
3662 when the "\N" is separated by spaces from the "{", in which case,
3663 remove the spaces.
3664 /\N {SPACE}/x; # Wrong!
3666 /\N{SPACE}/x; # ok
3667 No %s allowed while running setuid
3669 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid
3670 or setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking
3671 there will be another way to do what you want that is, if not
3672 secure, at least securable. See perlsec.
3673 No code specified for -%c
3675 (F) Perl's -e and -E command-line options require an argument. If
3676 you want to run an empty program, pass the empty string as a
3677 separate argument or run a program consisting of a single 0 or 1:
3678 perl -e ""
3680 perl -e0
3681 perl -e1
3682 No comma allowed after %s
3684 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is
3685 not allowed to have a comma between that and the following
3686 arguments. Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
3687 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a
3689 constant to your name space with use or import while no such
3690 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating
3691 system does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you
3692 did use an explicit import list for the constants you expect to
3693 see; please see "use" in perlfunc and "import" in perlfunc. While
3694 an explicit import list would probably have caught this error
3695 earlier it naturally does not remedy the fact that your operating
3696 system still does not support that constant. Maybe you have a typo
3697 in the constants of the symbol import list of use or import or in
3698 the constant name at the line where this error was triggered?
3699 No command into which to pipe on command line
3701 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3702 redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it
3703 doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command.
3704 No DB::DB routine defined
3706 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch,
3707 but for some reason the current debugger (e.g. perl5db.pl or a
3708 "Devel::" module) didn't define a routine to be called at the
3709 beginning of each statement.
3710 No dbm on this machine
3712 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine
3713 should supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See
3714 SDBM_File.
3715 No DB::sub routine defined
3717 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch,
3718 but for some reason the current debugger (e.g. perl5db.pl or a
3719 "Devel::" module) didn't define a "DB::sub" routine to be called at
3720 the beginning of each ordinary subroutine call.
3721 No directory specified for -I
3723 (F) The -I command-line switch requires a directory name as part of
3724 the same argument. Use -Ilib, for instance. -I lib won't work.
3725 No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
3727 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3728 redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but
3729 can't find the name of the file to which to write data destined for
3730 stderr.
3731 No group ending character '%c' found in template
3733 (F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its
3734 matching counterpart. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3735 No input file after < on command line
3737 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3738 redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find
3739 the name of the file from which to read data for stdin.
3740 No next::method '%s' found for %s
3742 (F) "next::method" found no further instances of this method name
3743 in the remaining packages of the MRO of this class. If you don't
3744 want it throwing an exception, use "maybe::next::method" or
3745 "next::can". See mro.
3746 Non-finite repeat count does nothing
3748 (W numeric) You tried to execute the "x" repetition operator "Inf"
3749 (or "-Inf") or "NaN" times, which doesn't make sense.
3750 Non-hex character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3752 (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-hexadecimal character
3753 where a hex one was expected, like
3754 (?[ [ \xDG ] ])
3756 (?[ [ \x{DEKA} ] ])
3757 Non-octal character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3759 (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-octal character where
3760 an octal one was expected, like
3761 (?[ [ \o{1278} ] ])
3763 Non-octal character '%c'. Resolved as "%s"
3765 (W digit) In parsing an octal numeric constant, a character was
3766 unexpectedly encountered that isn't octal. The resulting value is
3767 as indicated.
3768 "no" not allowed in expression
3770 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time,
3771 and returns no useful value. See perlmod.
3772 Non-string passed as bitmask
3774 (W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to
3775 select(). Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor
3776 bitmasks for select. See "select" in perlfunc.
3777 No output file after > on command line
3779 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3780 redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line,
3781 so it doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout.
3782 No output file after > or >> on command line
3784 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3785 redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but
3786 can't find the name of the file to which to write data destined for
3787 stdout.
3788 No package name allowed for subroutine %s in "our"
3790 No package name allowed for variable %s in "our"
3791 (F) Fully qualified subroutine and variable names are not allowed
3792 in "our" declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under
3793 existing rules. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions.
3794 No Perl script found in input
3796 (F) You called "perl -x", but no line was found in the file
3797 beginning with #! and containing the word "perl".
3798 No setregid available
3800 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call
3801 for your system.
3802 No setreuid available
3804 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call
3805 for your system.
3806 No such class %s
3808 (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state"
3809 declaration, but this class doesn't exist at this point in your
3810 program.
3811 No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
3813 (F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated
3814 typed variable but that key is not allowed by the package of the
3815 same type. The indicated package has restricted the set of allowed
3816 keys using the fields pragma.
3817 No such hook: %s
3819 (F) You specified a signal hook that was not recognized by Perl.
3820 Currently, Perl accepts "__DIE__" and "__WARN__" as valid signal
3821 hooks.
3822 No such pipe open
3824 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose()
3825 tried to close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have
3826 been caught earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
3827 No such signal: SIG%s
3829 (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that
3830 was not recognized. Say "kill -l" in your shell to see the valid
3831 signal names on your system.
3832 Not a CODE reference
3834 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that
3835 is, a subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead.
3836 You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it
3837 really was. See also perlref.
3838 Not a GLOB reference
3840 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that
3841 is, a symbol table entry that looks like *foo), but found a
3842 reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3843 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3844 Not a HASH reference
3846 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but
3847 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3848 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3849 '#' not allowed immediately following a sigil in a subroutine signature
3851 (F) In a subroutine signature definition, a comment following a
3852 sigil ("$", "@" or "%"), needs to be separated by whitespace or a
3853 comma etc., in particular to avoid confusion with the $# variable.
3854 For example:
3855 # bad
3857 sub f ($# ignore first arg
3858 , $b) {}
3859 # good
3860 sub f ($, # ignore first arg
3861 $b) {}
3862 Not an ARRAY reference
3864 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but
3865 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3866 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3867 Not a SCALAR reference
3869 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but
3870 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3871 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3872 Not a subroutine reference
3874 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that
3875 is, a subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead.
3876 You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it
3877 really was. See also perlref.
3878 Not a subroutine reference in overload table
3880 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table
3881 that doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See overload.
3882 Not enough arguments for %s
3884 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
3885 Not enough format arguments
3887 (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next
3888 line supplied. See perlform.
3889 %s: not found
3891 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
3892 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
3893 into Perl yourself.
3894 (?[...]) not valid in locale in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3896 (F) "(?[...])" cannot be used within the scope of a "use locale" or
3897 with an "/l" regular expression modifier, as that would require
3898 deferring to run-time the calculation of what it should evaluate
3899 to, and it is regex compile-time only.
3900 no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
3902 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local
3903 timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is
3904 equivalent to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name
3905 SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL to translate to the number of seconds
3906 which need to be added to UTC to get local time.
3907 NULL OP IN RUN
3909 (S debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
3910 pointer.
3911 Null picture in formline
3913 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
3914 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
3915 supplied it an uninitialized value. See perlform.
3916 Null realloc
3918 (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
3919 NULL regexp argument
3921 (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
3922 NULL regexp parameter
3924 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
3925 Number too long
3927 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs
3928 to about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future
3929 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation.
3930 In the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead
3931 of "1_000_000").
3932 Number with no digits
3934 (F) Perl was looking for a number but found nothing that looked
3935 like a number. This happens, for example with "\o{}", with no
3936 number between the braces.
3937 Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable
3939 (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
3940 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
3941 perlport for more on portability concerns.
3942 Odd name/value argument for subroutine '%s'
3944 (F) A subroutine using a slurpy hash parameter in its signature
3945 received an odd number of arguments to populate the hash. It
3946 requires the arguments to be paired, with the same number of keys
3947 as values. The caller of the subroutine is presumably at fault.
3948 The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
3950 If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
3951 will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used.
3952 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant
3954 (W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number
3955 of arguments. The arguments should come in pairs.
3956 Odd number of elements in anonymous hash
3958 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a
3959 hash, which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
3960 Odd number of elements in hash assignment
3962 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a
3963 hash, which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
3964 Offset outside string
3966 (F)(W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation
3967 with an offset pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to
3968 imagine. The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will
3969 take place when going past the end of the string when either
3970 "sysread()"ing a file, or when seeking past the end of a scalar
3971 opened for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the
3972 behavior with real files).
3973 Old package separator used in string
3975 (W syntax) You used the old package separator, "'", in a variable
3976 named inside a double-quoted string; e.g., "In $name's house".
3977 This is equivalent to "In $name::s house". If you meant the
3978 former, put a backslash before the apostrophe ("In $name\'s
3979 house").
3980 %s() on unopened %s
3982 (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that
3983 was never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a
3984 socket() call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
3985 -%s on unopened filehandle %s
3987 (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a
3988 filehandle that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also
3989 "-X" in perlfunc.
3990 oops: oopsAV
3992 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
3993 oops: oopsHV
3995 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
3996 Operand with no preceding operator in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
3998 m/%s/
3999 (F) You wrote something like
4000 (?[ \p{Digit} \p{Thai} ])
4002 There are two operands, but no operator giving how you want to
4004 combine them.
4005 Operation "%s": no method found, %s
4007 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for
4008 which no handler was defined. While some handlers can be
4009 autogenerated in terms of other handlers, there is no default
4010 handler for any operation, unless the "fallback" overloading key is
4011 specified to be true. See overload.
4012 Operation "%s" returns its argument for non-Unicode code point 0x%X
4014 (S non_unicode) You performed an operation requiring Unicode rules
4015 on a code point that is not in Unicode, so what it should do is not
4016 defined. Perl has chosen to have it do nothing, and warn you.
4017 If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive
4019 matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
4020 If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by "no
4022 warnings 'non_unicode';".
4023 Operation "%s" returns its argument for UTF-16 surrogate U+%X
4025 (S surrogate) You performed an operation requiring Unicode rules on
4026 a Unicode surrogate. Unicode frowns upon the use of surrogates for
4027 anything but storing strings in UTF-16, but rules are (reluctantly)
4028 defined for the surrogates, and they are to do nothing for this
4029 operation. Because the use of surrogates can be dangerous, Perl
4030 warns.
4031 If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive
4033 matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
4034 If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by "no
4036 warnings 'surrogate';".
4037 Operator or semicolon missing before %s
4039 (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the
4040 parser was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you
4041 really meant to use an operator, but this is highly likely to be
4042 incorrect. For example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be
4043 interpreted as if you said "*foo * 'foo'".
4044 Optional parameter lacks default expression
4046 (F) In a subroutine signature, you wrote something like "$a =",
4047 making a named optional parameter without a default value. A
4048 nameless optional parameter is permitted to have no default value,
4049 but a named one must have a specific default. You probably want
4050 "$a = undef".
4051 "our" variable %s redeclared
4053 (W shadow) You seem to have already declared the same global once
4054 before in the current lexical scope.
4055 Out of memory!
4057 (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
4058 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
4059 request. Perl has no option but to exit immediately.
4060 At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing
4062 your process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use "limit" and "limit
4063 datasize n" (where "n" is the number of kilobytes) to check the
4064 current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use "ulimit -a"
4065 and "ulimit -d n", respectively.
4066 Out of memory during %s extend
4068 (X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string
4069 beyond the largest possible memory allocation.
4070 Out of memory during "large" request for %s
4072 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
4073 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
4074 request. However, the request was judged large enough (compile-
4075 time default is 64K), so a possibility to shut down by trapping
4076 this error is granted.
4077 Out of memory during request for %s
4079 (X)(F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
4080 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
4081 request.
4082 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
4084 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not
4085 trappable. However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the
4086 contents of $^M as an emergency pool after die()ing with this
4087 message. In this case the error is trappable once, and the error
4088 message will include the line and file where the failed request
4089 happened.
4090 Out of memory during ridiculously large request
4092 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This
4093 error is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program.
4094 e.g., $arr[time] instead of $arr[$time].
4095 Out of memory for yacc stack
4097 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue
4098 parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
4099 otherwise.
4100 '.' outside of string in pack
4102 (F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the
4103 working position to before the start of the packed string being
4104 built.
4105 '@' outside of string in unpack
4107 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
4108 the string being unpacked. See "pack" in perlfunc.
4109 '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack
4111 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
4112 the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also
4113 invalid UTF-8. See "pack" in perlfunc.
4114 overload arg '%s' is invalid
4116 (W overload) The overload pragma was passed an argument it did not
4117 recognize. Did you mistype an operator?
4118 Overloaded dereference did not return a reference
4120 (F) An object with an overloaded dereference operator was
4121 dereferenced, but the overloaded operation did not return a
4122 reference. See overload.
4123 Overloaded qr did not return a REGEXP
4125 (F) An object with a "qr" overload was used as part of a match, but
4126 the overloaded operation didn't return a compiled regexp. See
4127 overload.
4128 %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
4130 (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
4131 package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl
4132 itself some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should
4133 use a mixed-case attribute name, instead. See attributes.
4134 pack/unpack repeat count overflow
4136 (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows
4137 your signed integers. See "pack" in perlfunc.
4138 page overflow
4140 (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on
4141 a page. See perlform.
4142 panic: %s
4144 (P) An internal error.
4145 panic: attempt to call %s in %s
4147 (P) One of the file test operators entered a code branch that calls
4148 an ACL related-function, but that function is not available on this
4149 platform. Earlier checks mean that it should not be possible to
4150 enter this branch on this platform.
4151 panic: child pseudo-process was never scheduled
4153 (P) A child pseudo-process in the ithreads implementation on
4154 Windows was not scheduled within the time period allowed and
4155 therefore was not able to initialize properly.
4156 panic: ck_grep, type=%u
4158 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
4159 panic: corrupt saved stack index %ld
4161 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values
4162 than there are in the savestack.
4163 panic: del_backref
4165 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a
4166 weak reference.
4167 panic: do_subst
4169 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid
4170 operational data.
4171 panic: do_trans_%s
4173 (P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid
4174 operational data.
4175 panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d
4177 (P) While attempting folding constants an exception other than an
4178 "eval" failure was caught.
4179 panic: frexp: %f
4181 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f")
4182 impossible.
4183 panic: goto, type=%u, ix=%ld
4185 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified
4186 label, and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a
4187 goto in.
4188 panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer
4190 (P) The internal routine used to clear a typeglob's entries tried
4191 repeatedly, but each time something re-created entries in the glob.
4192 Most likely the glob contains an object with a reference back to
4193 the glob and a destructor that adds a new object to the glob.
4194 panic: INTERPCASEMOD, %s
4196 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
4197 panic: INTERPCONCAT, %s
4199 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
4200 panic: kid popen errno read
4202 (F) A forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its
4203 errno.
4204 panic: last, type=%u
4206 (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then
4207 discovered it wasn't a block context.
4208 panic: leave_scope clearsv
4210 (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the
4211 scope.
4212 panic: leave_scope inconsistency %u
4214 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
4215 invalid enum on the top of it.
4216 panic: magic_killbackrefs
4218 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all
4219 weak references to an object.
4220 panic: malloc, %s
4222 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
4223 panic: memory wrap
4225 (P) Something tried to allocate either more memory than possible or
4226 a negative amount.
4227 panic: pad_alloc, %p!=%p
4229 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4230 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4231 panic: pad_free curpad, %p!=%p
4233 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4234 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4235 panic: pad_free po
4237 (P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally. An attempt
4238 was made to free a target that had not been allocated to begin
4239 with.
4240 panic: pad_reset curpad, %p!=%p
4242 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4243 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4244 panic: pad_sv po
4246 (P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally. Most likely
4247 an operator needed a target but that target had not been allocated
4248 for whatever reason.
4249 panic: pad_swipe curpad, %p!=%p
4251 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4252 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4253 panic: pad_swipe po
4255 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
4256 panic: pp_iter, type=%u
4258 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
4259 panic: pp_match%s
4261 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid
4262 operational data.
4263 panic: realloc, %s
4265 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
4266 panic: reference miscount on nsv in sv_replace() (%d != 1)
4268 (P) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with a
4269 reference count other than 1.
4270 panic: restartop in %s
4272 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it),
4273 and didn't supply the destination.
4274 panic: return, type=%u
4276 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context,
4277 and then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
4278 panic: scan_num, %s
4280 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
4281 panic: Sequence (?{...}): no code block found in regex m/%s/
4283 (P) While compiling a pattern that has embedded (?{}) or (??{})
4284 code blocks, perl couldn't locate the code block that should have
4285 already been seen and compiled by perl before control passed to the
4286 regex compiler.
4287 panic: strxfrm() gets absurd - a => %u, ab => %u
4289 (P) The interpreter's sanity check of the C function strxfrm()
4290 failed. In your current locale the returned transformation of the
4291 string "ab" is shorter than that of the string "a", which makes no
4292 sense.
4293 panic: sv_chop %s
4295 (P) The sv_chop() routine was passed a position that is not within
4296 the scalar's string buffer.
4297 panic: sv_insert, midend=%p, bigend=%p
4299 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than
4300 there was string.
4301 panic: top_env
4303 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like
4304 that.
4305 panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called
4307 (P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that
4308 isn't permitted at run time.
4309 panic: unknown OA_*: %x
4311 (P) The internal routine that handles arguments to "&CORE::foo()"
4312 subroutine calls was unable to determine what type of arguments
4313 were expected.
4314 panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
4316 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
4317 to even) byte length.
4318 panic: utf16_to_utf8_reversed: odd bytelen
4320 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8_reversed with an odd (as
4321 opposed to even) byte length.
4322 panic: yylex, %s
4324 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case
4325 modifier.
4326 Parentheses missing around "%s" list
4328 (W parenthesis) You said something like
4329 my $foo, $bar = @_;
4331 when you meant
4333 my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
4335 Remember that "my", "our", "local" and "state" bind tighter than
4337 comma.
4338 Parsing code internal error (%s)
4340 (F) Parsing code supplied by an extension violated the parser's API
4341 in a detectable way.
4342 Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change exceeded limit in regex
4344 (F) You used a pattern that uses too many nested subpattern calls
4345 without consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so text is
4346 consumed before the nesting limit is exceeded.
4347 "-p" destination: %s
4349 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the
4350 "-p" command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless
4351 you've redirected it with select().)
4352 Perl API version %s of %s does not match %s
4354 (F) The XS module in question was compiled against a different
4355 incompatible version of Perl than the one that has loaded the XS
4356 module.
4357 Perl folding rules are not up-to-date for 0x%X; please use the perlbug
4359 utility to report; in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4360 (S regexp) You used a regular expression with case-insensitive
4361 matching, and there is a bug in Perl in which the built-in regular
4362 expression folding rules are not accurate. This may lead to
4363 incorrect results. Please report this as a bug using the perlbug
4364 utility.
4365 PerlIO layer ':win32' is experimental
4367 (S experimental::win32_perlio) The ":win32" PerlIO layer is
4368 experimental. If you want to take the risk of using this layer,
4369 simply disable this warning:
4370 no warnings "experimental::win32_perlio";
4372 Perl_my_%s() not available
4374 (F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size, so
4375 it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order
4376 conversion functions. This is only a problem when you're using the
4377 '<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates. See "pack" in
4378 perlfunc.
4379 Perl %s required (did you mean %s?)--this is only %s, stopped
4381 (F) The code you are trying to run has asked for a newer version of
4382 Perl than you are running. Perhaps "use 5.10" was written instead
4383 of "use 5.010" or "use v5.10". Without the leading "v", the number
4384 is interpreted as a decimal, with every three digits after the
4385 decimal point representing a part of the version number. So 5.10
4386 is equivalent to v5.100.
4387 Perl %s required--this is only %s, stopped
4389 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
4390 recent than the currently running version. How long has it been
4391 since you upgraded, anyway? See "require" in perlfunc.
4392 PERL_SH_DIR too long
4394 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to
4395 find the "sh"-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in perlos2.
4396 PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s"
4398 (X) See "PERL_SIGNALS" in perlrun for legal values.
4399 Perls since %s too modern--this is %s, stopped
4401 (F) The code you are trying to run claims it will not run on the
4402 version of Perl you are using because it is too new. Maybe the
4403 code needs to be updated, or maybe it is simply wrong and the
4404 version check should just be removed.
4405 perl: warning: Non hex character in '$ENV{PERL_HASH_SEED}', seed only
4407 partially set
4408 (S) PERL_HASH_SEED should match /^\s*(?:0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]+\s*\z/ but
4409 it contained a non hex character. This could mean you are not
4410 using the hash seed you think you are.
4411 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
4413 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
4414 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
4416 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
4417 LC_ALL = "En_US",
4418 LANG = (unset)
4419 are supported and installed on your system.
4420 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
4421 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above
4423 the settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no
4424 value. This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your
4425 operating system supplier and/or system administrator have set up
4426 the so-called locale system but Perl could not use those settings.
4427 This was not dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale"
4428 called "C" that Perl can and will use, and the script will be run.
4429 Before you really fix the problem, however, you will get the same
4430 error message each time you run Perl. How to really fix the
4431 problem can be found in perllocale section LOCALE PROBLEMS.
4432 perl: warning: strange setting in '$ENV{PERL_PERTURB_KEYS}': '%s'
4434 (S) Perl was run with the environment variable PERL_PERTURB_KEYS
4435 defined but containing an unexpected value. The legal values of
4436 this setting are as follows.
4437 Numeric | String | Result
4439 --------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
4440 0 | NO | Disables key traversal randomization
4441 1 | RANDOM | Enables full key traversal randomization
4442 2 | DETERMINISTIC | Enables repeatable key traversal
4443 | | randomization
4444 Both numeric and string values are accepted, but note that string
4446 values are case sensitive. The default for this setting is
4447 "RANDOM" or 1.
4448 pid %x not a child
4450 (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait
4451 for a process which isn't a subprocess of the current process.
4452 While this is fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what
4453 you intended.
4454 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack
4456 (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*".
4457 POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4459 (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The
4460 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
4461 was discovered. Note that the POSIX character classes do not have
4462 the "is" prefix the corresponding C interfaces have: in other
4463 words, it's "[[:print:]]", not "isprint". See perlre.
4464 POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
4466 (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument,
4467 unlike the BSD version, which takes a pid.
4468 POSIX syntax [%c %c] belongs inside character classes%s in regex;
4470 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4471 (W regexp) Perl thinks that you intended to write a POSIX character
4472 class, but didn't use enough brackets. These POSIX class
4473 constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go inside character classes,
4474 the [] are part of the construct, for example:
4475 "qr/[012[:alpha:]345]/". What the regular expression pattern
4476 compiled to is probably not what you were intending. For example,
4477 "qr/[:alpha:]/" compiles to a regular bracketed character class
4478 consisting of the four characters ":", "a", "l", "h", and "p".
4479 To specify the POSIX class, it should have been written
4480 "qr/[[:alpha:]]/".
4481 Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently implemented; they are
4483 simply placeholders for future extensions and will cause fatal
4484 errors. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression
4485 the problem was discovered. See perlre.
4486 If the specification of the class was not completely valid, the
4488 message indicates that.
4489 POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked
4491 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4492 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
4493 beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future
4494 extensions. If you need to represent those character sequences
4495 inside a regular expression character class, just quote the square
4496 brackets with the backslash: "\[." and ".\]". The <-- HERE shows
4497 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4498 See perlre.
4499 POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked
4501 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4502 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
4503 beginning with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future
4504 extensions. If you need to represent those character sequences
4505 inside a regular expression character class, just quote the square
4506 brackets with the backslash: "\[=" and "=\]". The <-- HERE shows
4507 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4508 See perlre.
4509 Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
4511 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with
4512 literal strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are
4513 instead treated as literal data. (You may have used different
4514 delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also
4515 frequently used.)
4516 You probably wrote something like this:
4518 @list = qw(
4520 a # a comment
4521 b # another comment
4522 );
4523 when you should have written this:
4525 @list = qw(
4527 a
4528 b
4529 );
4530 If you really want comments, build your list the old-fashioned way,
4532 with quotes and commas:
4533 @list = (
4535 'a', # a comment
4536 'b', # another comment
4537 );
4538 Possible attempt to separate words with commas
4540 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore
4541 commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used
4542 different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are
4543 also frequently used.)
4544 You probably wrote something like this:
4546 qw! a, b, c !;
4548 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it
4550 without commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
4551 qw! a b c !;
4553 Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
4555 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining
4556 for. Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel
4557 byte at the end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got
4558 clobbered, and Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See
4559 "ioctl" in perlfunc.
4560 Possible precedence issue with control flow operator
4562 (W syntax) There is a possible problem with the mixing of a control
4563 flow operator (e.g. "return") and a low-precedence operator like
4564 "or". Consider:
4565 sub { return $a or $b; }
4567 This is parsed as:
4569 sub { (return $a) or $b; }
4571 Which is effectively just:
4573 sub { return $a; }
4575 Either use parentheses or the high-precedence variant of the
4577 operator.
4578 Note this may be also triggered for constructs like:
4580 sub { 1 if die; }
4582 Possible precedence problem on bitwise %s operator
4584 (W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in
4585 conjunction with a numeric comparison operator, like this :
4586 if ($x & $y == 0) { ... }
4588 This expression is actually equivalent to "$x & ($y == 0)", due to
4590 the higher precedence of "==". This is probably not what you want.
4591 (If you really meant to write this, disable the warning, or,
4592 better, put the parentheses explicitly and write "$x & ($y == 0)").
4593 Possible unintended interpolation of $\ in regex
4595 (W ambiguous) You said something like "m/$\/" in a regex. The
4596 regex "m/foo$\s+bar/m" translates to: match the word 'foo', the
4597 output record separator (see "$\" in perlvar) and the letter 's'
4598 (one time or more) followed by the word 'bar'.
4599 If this is what you intended then you can silence the warning by
4601 using "m/${\}/" (for example: "m/foo${\}s+bar/").
4602 If instead you intended to match the word 'foo' at the end of the
4604 line followed by whitespace and the word 'bar' on the next line
4605 then you can use "m/$(?)\/" (for example: "m/foo$(?)\s+bar/").
4606 Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
4608 (W ambiguous) You said something like '@foo' in a double-quoted
4609 string but there was no array @foo in scope at the time. If you
4610 wanted a literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out
4611 what happened to the array you apparently lost track of.
4612 Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
4614 (S precedence) The old irregular construct
4615 open FOO || die;
4617 is now misinterpreted as
4619 open(FOO || die);
4621 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary
4623 and list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must
4624 put parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator
4625 instead of "||".
4626 Premature end of script headers
4628 See "500 Server error".
4629 printf() on closed filehandle %s
4631 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
4632 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4633 print() on closed filehandle %s
4635 (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed
4636 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4637 Process terminated by SIG%s
4639 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while
4640 *nix applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of
4641 the OS/2 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate
4642 sighandlers, see "Signals" in perlipc. See also "Process
4643 terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT" in perlos2.
4644 Prototype after '%c' for %s : %s
4646 (W illegalproto) A character follows % or @ in a prototype. This
4647 is useless, since % and @ gobble the rest of the subroutine
4648 arguments.
4649 Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
4651 (S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had
4652 previously been declared or defined with a different function
4653 prototype.
4654 Prototype not terminated
4656 (F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype
4657 definition.
4658 Prototype '%s' overridden by attribute 'prototype(%s)' in %s
4660 (W prototype) A prototype was declared in both the parentheses
4661 after the sub name and via the prototype attribute. The prototype
4662 in parentheses is useless, since it will be replaced by the
4663 prototype from the attribute before it's ever used.
4664 Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4666 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash
4667 it if you meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in
4668 the regular expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
4669 Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4671 (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max
4672 values of the {min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
4673 in the regular expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
4674 Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex
4676 Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4677 m/%s/
4678 (W regexp) Minima should be less than or equal to maxima. If you
4679 really want your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}.
4680 Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression in regex m/%s/
4682 (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place
4683 where it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try
4684 putting the quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example,
4685 the way to match "abc" provided that it is followed by three
4686 repetitions of "xyz" is "/abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/", not
4687 "/abc(?=xyz){3}/".
4688 Range iterator outside integer range
4690 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator
4691 ".." are outside the range which can be represented by integers
4692 internally. One possible workaround is to force Perl to use
4693 magical string increment by prepending "0" to your numbers.
4694 Ranges of ASCII printables should be some subset of "0-9", "A-Z", or
4696 "a-z" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4697 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
4698 Stricter rules help to find typos and other errors. Perhaps you
4700 didn't even intend a range here, if the "-" was meant to be some
4701 other character, or should have been escaped (like "\-"). If you
4702 did intend a range, the one that was used is not portable between
4703 ASCII and EBCDIC platforms, and doesn't have an obvious meaning to
4704 a casual reader.
4705 [3-7] # OK; Obvious and portable
4707 [d-g] # OK; Obvious and portable
4708 [A-Y] # OK; Obvious and portable
4709 [A-z] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4710 [a-Z] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4711 [%-.] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4712 [\x41-Z] # WRONG; Not portable; not obvious to non-geek
4713 (You can force portability by specifying a Unicode range, which
4715 means that the endpoints are specified by "\N{...}", but the
4716 meaning may still not be obvious.) The stricter rules require that
4717 ranges that start or stop with an ASCII character that is not a
4718 control have all their endpoints be the literal character, and not
4719 some escape sequence (like "\x41"), and the ranges must be all
4720 digits, or all uppercase letters, or all lowercase letters.
4721 Ranges of digits should be from the same group in regex; marked by
4723 <-- HERE in m/%s/
4724 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
4725 Stricter rules help to find typos and other errors. You included a
4727 range, and at least one of the end points is a decimal digit.
4728 Under the stricter rules, when this happens, both end points should
4729 be digits in the same group of 10 consecutive digits.
4730 readdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4732 (W io) The dirhandle you're reading from is either closed or not
4733 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4734 readline() on closed filehandle %s
4736 (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed
4737 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4738 read() on closed filehandle %s
4740 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
4741 read() on unopened filehandle %s
4743 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never
4744 opened.
4745 Reallocation too large: %x
4747 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
4748 realloc() of freed memory ignored
4750 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that
4751 had already been freed.
4752 Recompile perl with -DDEBUGGING to use -D switch
4754 (S debugging) You can't use the -D option unless the code to
4755 produce the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails
4756 some overhead, which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
4757 Recursive call to Perl_load_module in PerlIO_find_layer
4759 (P) It is currently not permitted to load modules when creating a
4760 filehandle inside an %INC hook. This can happen with "open my $fh,
4761 '<', \$scalar", which implicitly loads PerlIO::scalar. Try loading
4762 PerlIO::scalar explicitly first.
4763 Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
4765 (F) While calculating the method resolution order (MRO) of a
4766 package, Perl believes it found an infinite loop in the @ISA
4767 hierarchy. This is a crude check that bails out after 100 levels
4768 of @ISA depth.
4769 Redundant argument in %s
4771 (W redundant) You called a function with more arguments than other
4772 arguments you supplied indicated would be needed. Currently only
4773 emitted when a printf-type format required fewer arguments than
4774 were supplied, but might be used in the future for e.g. "pack" in
4775 perlfunc.
4776 refcnt_dec: fd %d%s
4778 refcnt: fd %d%s
4779 refcnt_inc: fd %d%s
4780 (P) Perl's I/O implementation failed an internal consistency check.
4781 If you see this message, something is very wrong.
4782 Reference found where even-sized list expected
4784 (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a
4785 list with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash).
4786 This usually means that you used the anon hash constructor when you
4787 meant to use parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value pairs.
4788 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
4790 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
4791 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
4792 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
4793 Reference is already weak
4795 (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already
4796 weak. Doing so has no effect.
4797 Reference is not weak
4799 (W misc) You have attempted to unweaken a reference that is not
4800 weak. Doing so has no effect.
4801 Reference to invalid group 0 in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4803 (F) You used "\g0" or similar in a regular expression. You may
4804 refer to capturing parentheses only with strictly positive integers
4805 (normal backreferences) or with strictly negative integers
4806 (relative backreferences). Using 0 does not make sense.
4807 Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4809 (F) You used something like "\7" in your regular expression, but
4810 there are not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the
4811 expression. If you wanted to have the character with ordinal 7
4812 inserted into the regular expression, prepend zeroes to make it
4813 three digits long: "\007"
4814 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4816 problem was discovered.
4817 Reference to nonexistent named group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4819 m/%s/
4820 (F) You used something like "\k'NAME'" or "\k<NAME>" in your
4821 regular expression, but there is no corresponding named capturing
4822 parentheses such as "(?'NAME'...)" or "(?<NAME>...)". Check if the
4823 name has been spelled correctly both in the backreference and the
4824 declaration.
4825 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4827 problem was discovered.
4828 Reference to nonexistent or unclosed group in regex; marked by <-- HERE
4830 in m/%s/
4831 (F) You used something like "\g{-7}" in your regular expression,
4832 but there are not at least seven sets of closed capturing
4833 parentheses in the expression before where the "\g{-7}" was
4834 located.
4835 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4837 problem was discovered.
4838 regexp memory corruption
4840 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
4841 expression compiler gave it.
4842 Regexp modifier "/%c" may appear a maximum of twice
4844 Regexp modifier "%c" may appear a maximum of twice in regex; marked by
4845 <-- HERE in m/%s/
4846 (F) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences of the
4847 specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones.
4848 Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear after the "-" in regex; marked by
4850 <-- HERE in m/%s/
4851 (F) Turning off the given modifier has the side effect of turning
4852 on another one. Perl currently doesn't allow this. Reword the
4853 regular expression to use the modifier you want to turn on (and
4854 place it before the minus), instead of the one you want to turn
4855 off.
4856 Regexp modifier "/%c" may not appear twice
4858 Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear twice in regex; marked by <-- HERE
4859 in m/%s/
4860 (F) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences of the
4861 specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones.
4862 Regexp modifiers "/%c" and "/%c" are mutually exclusive
4864 Regexp modifiers "%c" and "%c" are mutually exclusive in regex; marked
4865 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4866 (F) The regular expression pattern had more than one of these
4867 mutually exclusive modifiers. Retain only the modifier that is
4868 supposed to be there.
4869 Regexp out of space in regex m/%s/
4871 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught
4872 it earlier.
4873 Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @#)
4875 (F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a
4876 numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never
4877 terminates. You might use ^# instead. See perlform.
4878 Replacement list is longer than search list
4880 (W misc) You have used a replacement list that is longer than the
4881 search list. So the additional elements in the replacement list
4882 are meaningless.
4883 '(*%s' requires a terminating ':' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4885 (F) You used a construct that needs a colon and pattern argument.
4886 Supply these or check that you are using the right construct.
4887 '%s' resolved to '\o{%s}%d'
4889 (W misc, regexp) You wrote something like "\08", or "\179" in a
4890 double-quotish string. All but the last digit is treated as a
4891 single character, specified in octal. The last digit is the next
4892 character in the string. To tell Perl that this is indeed what you
4893 want, you can use the "\o{ }" syntax, or use exactly three digits
4894 to specify the octal for the character.
4895 Reversed %s= operator
4897 (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The =
4898 must always come last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary
4899 operators.
4900 rewinddir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4902 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to do a rewinddir() on is either
4903 closed or not really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4904 Scalars leaked: %d
4906 (S internal) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of
4907 scalars: not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl
4908 exited. What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of
4909 course bad, especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-
4910 running.
4911 Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
4913 (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
4914 single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a
4915 scalar value (indicated by $). The difference is that $foo[&bar]
4916 always behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when
4917 evaluating its argument, while @foo[&bar] behaves like a list when
4918 you assign to it, and provides a list context to its subscript,
4919 which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
4920 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
4922 element as a list, you need to look into how references work,
4923 because Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists
4924 for you. See perlref.
4925 Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
4927 (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a
4928 single element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a
4929 scalar value (indicated by $). The difference is that $foo{&bar}
4930 always behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when
4931 evaluating its argument, while @foo{&bar} behaves like a list when
4932 you assign to it, and provides a list context to its subscript,
4933 which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
4934 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash
4936 element as a list, you need to look into how references work,
4937 because Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists
4938 for you. See perlref.
4939 Search pattern not terminated
4941 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
4942 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
4943 level. Missing the leading "$" from a variable $m may cause this
4944 error.
4945 Note that since Perl 5.10.0 a // can also be the defined-or
4947 construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code
4948 written in Perl 5.10.0 or later that uses the // as the defined-or
4949 can be misparsed by pre-5.10.0 Perls as a non-terminated search
4950 pattern.
4951 seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4953 (W io) The dirhandle you are doing a seekdir() on is either closed
4954 or not really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4955 %sseek() on unopened filehandle
4957 (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a
4958 filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
4959 select not implemented
4961 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
4962 Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported
4964 (F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in the
4965 current implementation.
4966 Semicolon seems to be missing
4968 (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a
4969 missing semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as
4970 a comma.
4971 semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
4973 (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate
4974 a scalar that had previously been marked as free.
4975 sem%s not implemented
4977 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
4978 send() on closed socket %s
4980 (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime
4981 before now. Check your control flow.
4982 Sequence "\c{" invalid
4984 (F) These three characters may not appear in sequence in a double-
4985 quotish context. This message is raised only on non-ASCII
4986 platforms (a different error message is output on ASCII ones). If
4987 you were intending to specify a control character with this
4988 sequence, you'll have to use a different way to specify it.
4989 Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4991 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?.
4992 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4993 problem was discovered. See perlre.
4994 Sequence (?%c...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4996 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character
4997 reserved but has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows
4998 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4999 See perlre.
5000 Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5002 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make
5003 sense. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression
5004 the problem was discovered. This may happen when using the
5005 "(?^...)" construct to tell Perl to use the default regular
5006 expression modifiers, and you redundantly specify a default
5007 modifier. For other causes, see perlre.
5008 Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex m/%s/
5010 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
5011 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. See perlre.
5012 Sequence (?&... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5014 (F) A named reference of the form "(?&...)" was missing the final
5015 closing parenthesis after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
5016 in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5017 Sequence (?%c... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5019 (F) A named group of the form "(?'...')" or "(?<...>)" was missing
5020 the final closing quote or angle bracket. The <-- HERE shows
5021 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5022 Sequence (?(%c... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5024 (F) A named reference of the form "(?('...')...)" or
5025 "(?(<...>)...)" was missing the final closing quote or angle
5026 bracket after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the
5027 regular expression the problem was discovered.
5028 Sequence (?... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5030 (F) There was no matching closing parenthesis for the '('. The
5031 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
5032 was discovered.
5033 Sequence \%s... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5035 (F) The regular expression expects a mandatory argument following
5036 the escape sequence and this has been omitted or incorrectly
5037 written.
5038 Sequence (?{...}) not terminated with ')'
5040 (F) The end of the perl code contained within the {...} must be
5041 followed immediately by a ')'.
5042 Sequence (?P>... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5044 (F) A named reference of the form "(?P>...)" was missing the final
5045 closing parenthesis after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
5046 in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5047 Sequence (?P<... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5049 (F) A named group of the form "(?P<...>')" was missing the final
5050 closing angle bracket. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the
5051 regular expression the problem was discovered.
5052 Sequence ?P=... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5054 (F) A named reference of the form "(?P=...)" was missing the final
5055 closing parenthesis after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
5056 in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5057 Sequence (?R) not terminated in regex m/%s/
5059 (F) An "(?R)" or "(?0)" sequence in a regular expression was
5060 missing the final parenthesis.
5061 500 Server error
5063 (A) This is the error message generally seen in a browser window
5064 when trying to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The
5065 actual error text varies widely from server to server. The most
5066 frequently-seen variants are "500 Server error", "Method
5067 (something) not permitted", "Document contains no data", "Premature
5068 end of script headers", and "Did not produce a valid header".
5069 This is a CGI error, not a Perl error.
5071 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by
5073 the user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the
5074 user account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment
5075 variables (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and
5076 isn't in a location where the CGI server can't find it, basically,
5077 more or less. Please see the following for more information:
5078 http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
5080 http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html
5081 http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/
5082 You should also look at perlfaq9.
5084 setegid() not implemented
5086 (F) You tried to assign to $), and your operating system doesn't
5087 support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5088 Configure didn't think so.
5089 seteuid() not implemented
5091 (F) You tried to assign to $>, and your operating system doesn't
5092 support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5093 Configure didn't think so.
5094 setpgrp can't take arguments
5096 (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no
5097 arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and
5098 process group ID.
5099 setrgid() not implemented
5101 (F) You tried to assign to $(, and your operating system doesn't
5102 support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5103 Configure didn't think so.
5104 setruid() not implemented
5106 (F) You tried to assign to $<, and your operating system doesn't
5107 support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5108 Configure didn't think so.
5109 setsockopt() on closed socket %s
5111 (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket.
5112 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
5113 See "setsockopt" in perlfunc.
5114 Setting $/ to a reference to %s is forbidden
5116 (F) You assigned a reference to a scalar to $/ where the referenced
5117 item is not a positive integer. In older perls this appeared to
5118 work the same as setting it to "undef" but was in fact internally
5119 different, less efficient and with very bad luck could have
5120 resulted in your file being split by a stringified form of the
5121 reference.
5122 In Perl 5.20.0 this was changed so that it would be exactly the
5124 same as setting $/ to undef, with the exception that this warning
5125 would be thrown.
5126 You are recommended to change your code to set $/ to "undef"
5128 explicitly if you wish to slurp the file. As of Perl 5.28
5129 assigning $/ to a reference to an integer which isn't positive is a
5130 fatal error.
5131 Setting $/ to %s reference is forbidden
5133 (F) You tried to assign a reference to a non integer to $/. In
5134 older Perls this would have behaved similarly to setting it to a
5135 reference to a positive integer, where the integer was the address
5136 of the reference. As of Perl 5.20.0 this is a fatal error, to
5137 allow future versions of Perl to use non-integer refs for more
5138 interesting purposes.
5139 shm%s not implemented
5141 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
5142 !=~ should be !~
5144 (W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~. !=~ will be
5145 interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement)
5146 operators: probably not what you intended.
5147 /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
5149 (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a
5150 string, as in the first argument to "join". Perl will treat the
5151 true or false result of matching the pattern against $_ as the
5152 string, which is probably not what you had in mind.
5153 shutdown() on closed socket %s
5155 (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a
5156 bit superfluous.
5157 SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
5159 (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact,
5160 exist. Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
5161 Slab leaked from cv %p
5163 (S) If you see this message, then something is seriously wrong with
5164 the internal bookkeeping of op trees. An op tree needed to be
5165 freed after a compilation error, but could not be found, so it was
5166 leaked instead.
5167 sleep(%u) too large
5169 (W overflow) You called "sleep" with a number that was larger than
5170 it can reliably handle and "sleep" probably slept for less time
5171 than requested.
5172 Slurpy parameter not last
5174 (F) In a subroutine signature, you put something after a slurpy
5175 (array or hash) parameter. The slurpy parameter takes all the
5176 available arguments, so there can't be any left to fill later
5177 parameters.
5178 Smart matching a non-overloaded object breaks encapsulation
5180 (F) You should not use the "~~" operator on an object that does not
5181 overload it: Perl refuses to use the object's underlying structure
5182 for the smart match.
5183 Smartmatch is experimental
5185 (S experimental::smartmatch) This warning is emitted if you use the
5186 smartmatch ("~~") operator. This is currently an experimental
5187 feature, and its details are subject to change in future releases
5188 of Perl. Particularly, its current behavior is noticed for being
5189 unnecessarily complex and unintuitive, and is very likely to be
5190 overhauled.
5191 Sorry, hash keys must be smaller than 2**31 bytes
5193 (F) You tried to create a hash containing a very large key, where
5194 "very large" means that it needs at least 2 gigabytes to store.
5195 Unfortunately, Perl doesn't yet handle such large hash keys. You
5196 should reconsider your design to avoid hashing such a long string
5197 directly.
5198 sort is now a reserved word
5200 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into
5201 anymore. But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it
5202 as a filehandle.
5203 Source filters apply only to byte streams
5205 (F) You tried to activate a source filter (usually by loading a
5206 source filter module) within a string passed to "eval". This is
5207 not permitted under the "unicode_eval" feature. Consider using
5208 "evalbytes" instead. See feature.
5209 splice() offset past end of array
5211 (W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end
5212 of the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at
5213 the end of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you
5214 want, try explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array =
5215 $offset. See "splice" in perlfunc.
5216 Split loop
5218 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split
5219 shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input,
5220 which is what happened.) See "split" in perlfunc.
5221 Statement unlikely to be reached
5223 (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than
5224 a die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never
5225 returns unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use
5226 system() instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put
5227 the exec() in a block by itself.
5228 "state" subroutine %s can't be in a package
5230 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't
5231 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
5232 front.
5233 "state %s" used in sort comparison
5235 (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort
5236 comparisons. You used $a or $b in as an operand to the "<=>" or
5237 "cmp" operator inside a sort comparison block, and the variable had
5238 earlier been declared as a lexical variable. Either qualify the
5239 sort variable with the package name, or rename the lexical
5240 variable.
5241 "state" variable %s can't be in a package
5243 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't
5244 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
5245 front. Use local() if you want to localize a package variable.
5246 stat() on unopened filehandle %s
5248 (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle
5249 that was either never opened or has since been closed.
5250 Strings with code points over 0xFF may not be mapped into in-memory
5252 file handles
5253 (W utf8) You tried to open a reference to a scalar for read or
5254 append where the scalar contained code points over 0xFF. In-memory
5255 files model on-disk files and can only contain bytes.
5256 Stub found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
5258 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by
5259 importation stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but
5260 explicit calls to "can" may break this.
5261 Subroutine attributes must come before the signature
5263 (F) When subroutine signatures are enabled, any subroutine
5264 attributes must come before the signature. Note that this order was
5265 the opposite in versions 5.22..5.26. So:
5266 sub foo :lvalue ($a, $b) { ... } # 5.20 and 5.28 +
5268 sub foo ($a, $b) :lvalue { ... } # 5.22 .. 5.26
5269 Subroutine "&%s" is not available
5271 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval
5272 is attempting to capture an outer lexical subroutine that is not
5273 currently available. This can happen for one of two reasons.
5274 First, the lexical subroutine may be declared in an outer anonymous
5275 subroutine that has not yet been created. (Remember that named
5276 subs are created at compile time, while anonymous subs are created
5277 at run-time.) For example,
5278 sub { my sub a {...} sub f { \&a } }
5280 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current "a"
5282 sub, since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet.
5283 Conversely, the following won't give a warning since the anonymous
5284 subroutine has by now been created and is live:
5285 sub { my sub a {...} eval 'sub f { \&a }' }->();
5287 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a lexical
5289 subroutine that has gone out of scope, for example,
5290 sub f {
5292 my sub a {...}
5293 sub { eval '\&a' }
5294 }
5295 f()->();
5296 Here, when the '\&a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not
5298 currently being executed, so its &a is not available for capture.
5299 "%s" subroutine &%s masks earlier declaration in same %s
5301 (W shadow) A "my" or "state" subroutine has been redeclared in the
5302 current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to
5303 the previous instance. This is almost always a typographical
5304 error. Note that the earlier subroutine will still exist until the
5305 end of the scope or until all closure references to it are
5306 destroyed.
5307 Subroutine %s redefined
5309 (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning,
5310 say
5311 {
5313 no warnings 'redefine';
5314 eval "sub name { ... }";
5315 }
5316 Subroutine "%s" will not stay shared
5318 (W closure) An inner (nested) named subroutine is referencing a
5319 "my" subroutine defined in an outer named subroutine.
5320 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of the
5322 outer subroutine's lexical subroutine as it was before and during
5323 the *first* call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the
5324 first call to the outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer
5325 subroutines will no longer share a common value for the lexical
5326 subroutine. In other words, it will no longer be shared. This
5327 will especially make a difference if the lexical subroutines
5328 accesses lexical variables declared in its surrounding scope.
5329 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
5331 anonymous, using the "sub {}" syntax. When inner anonymous subs
5332 that reference lexical subroutines in outer subroutines are
5333 created, they are automatically rebound to the current values of
5334 such lexical subs.
5335 Substitution loop
5337 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a
5338 substitution shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters
5339 of input, which is what happened.) See the discussion of
5340 substitution in "Regexp Quote-Like Operators" in perlop.
5341 Substitution pattern not terminated
5343 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or
5344 s{}{} construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
5345 level. Missing the leading "$" from variable $s may cause this
5346 error.
5347 Substitution replacement not terminated
5349 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
5350 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
5351 level. Missing the leading "$" from variable $s may cause this
5352 error.
5353 substr outside of string
5355 (W substr)(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed
5356 outside of a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was
5357 larger than the length of the string. See "substr" in perlfunc.
5358 This warning is fatal if substr is used in an lvalue context (as
5359 the left hand side of an assignment or as a subroutine argument for
5360 example).
5361 sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d
5363 (P) Perl tried to force the upgrade of an SV to a type which was
5364 actually inferior to its current type.
5365 SWASHNEW didn't return an HV ref
5367 (P) Something went wrong internally when Perl was trying to look up
5368 Unicode characters.
5369 Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by
5371 <-- HERE in m/%s/
5372 (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at
5373 most two branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want
5374 one or both to contain alternation, such as using
5375 "this|that|other", enclose it in clustering parentheses:
5376 (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause)
5378 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5380 problem was discovered. See perlre.
5381 Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5383 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause)
5384 construct is not known. The condition must be one of the
5385 following:
5386 (1) (2) ... true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched
5388 (<NAME>) ('NAME') true if named capture matched
5389 (?=...) (?<=...) true if subpattern matches
5390 (?!...) (?<!...) true if subpattern fails to match
5391 (?{ CODE }) true if code returns a true value
5392 (R) true if evaluating inside recursion
5393 (R1) (R2) ... true if directly inside capture group 1, 2, etc.
5394 (R&NAME) true if directly inside named capture
5395 (DEFINE) always false; for defining named subpatterns
5396 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5398 problem was discovered. See perlre.
5399 Switch (?(condition)... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
5401 m/%s/
5402 (F) You omitted to close a (?(condition)...) block somewhere in the
5403 pattern. Add a closing parenthesis in the appropriate position.
5404 See perlre.
5405 switching effective %s is not implemented
5407 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, we cannot switch the
5408 real and effective uids or gids.
5409 syntax error
5411 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
5412 A keyword is misspelled.
5414 A semicolon is missing.
5415 A comma is missing.
5416 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
5417 An opening or closing brace is missing.
5418 A closing quote is missing.
5419 Often there will be another error message associated with the
5421 syntax error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn
5422 on -w.) The error message itself often tells you where it was in
5423 the line when it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is
5424 several tokens before this, because Perl is good at understanding
5425 random input. Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and
5426 once in a blue moon the only way to figure out what's triggering
5427 the error is to call "perl -c" repeatedly, chopping away half the
5428 program each time to see if the error went away. Sort of the
5429 cybernetic version of 20 questions.
5430 syntax error at line %d: '%s' unexpected
5432 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
5433 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
5434 into Perl yourself.
5435 syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s"
5437 (F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through
5438 a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use
5439 strict" or "my $var" or "our $var".
5440 Syntax error in (?[...]) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5442 (F) Perl could not figure out what you meant inside this construct;
5443 this notifies you that it is giving up trying.
5444 %s syntax OK
5446 (F) The final summary message when a "perl -c" succeeds.
5447 sysread() on closed filehandle %s
5449 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
5450 sysread() on unopened filehandle %s
5452 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never
5453 opened.
5454 System V %s is not implemented on this machine
5456 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
5457 "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your
5458 machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be
5459 unconfigured. Consult your system support.
5460 syswrite() on closed filehandle %s
5462 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
5463 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
5464 "-T" and "-B" not implemented on filehandles
5466 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it
5467 doesn't know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a
5468 filename instead.
5469 Target of goto is too deeply nested
5471 (F) You tried to use "goto" to reach a label that was too deeply
5472 nested for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
5473 telldir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
5475 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to telldir() is either closed or not
5476 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
5477 tell() on unopened filehandle
5479 (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle
5480 that was either never opened or has since been closed.
5481 That use of $[ is unsupported
5483 (F) Assignment to $[ is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted
5484 as a compiler directive. You may say only one of
5485 $[ = 0;
5487 $[ = 1;
5488 ...
5489 local $[ = 0;
5490 local $[ = 1;
5491 ...
5492 This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array
5494 base out from under another module inadvertently. See "$[" in
5495 perlvar and arybase.
5496 The alpha_assertions feature is experimental
5498 (S experimental::alpha_assertions) This feature is experimental and
5499 its behavior may change in any future release of perl. See
5500 "Extended Patterns" in perlre.
5501 The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia.
5503 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
5504 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because
5505 they think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least
5506 that they will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me
5507 on that, I will deny it.
5508 The experimental declared_refs feature is not enabled
5510 (F) To declare references to variables, as in "my \%x", you must
5511 first enable the feature:
5512 no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
5514 use feature "declared_refs";
5515 The %s function is unimplemented
5517 (F) The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture,
5518 according to the probings of Configure.
5519 The regex_sets feature is experimental
5521 (S experimental::regex_sets) This warning is emitted if you use the
5522 syntax "(?[ ])" in a regular expression. The details of this
5523 feature are subject to change. If you want to use it, but know
5524 that in doing so you are taking the risk of using an experimental
5525 feature which may change in a future Perl version, you can do this
5526 to silence the warning:
5527 no warnings "experimental::regex_sets";
5529 The script_run feature is experimental
5531 (S experimental::script_run) This feature is experimental and its
5532 behavior may in any future release of perl. See "Script Runs" in
5533 perlre.
5534 The signatures feature is experimental
5536 (S experimental::signatures) This warning is emitted if you unwrap
5537 a subroutine's arguments using a signature. Simply suppress the
5538 warning if you want to use the feature, but know that in doing so
5539 you are taking the risk of using an experimental feature which may
5540 change or be removed in a future Perl version:
5541 no warnings "experimental::signatures";
5543 use feature "signatures";
5544 sub foo ($left, $right) { ... }
5545 The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat
5547 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic
5548 linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already
5549 went past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual
5550 filename instead.
5551 The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables
5553 (F) This attribute was never supported on "my" or "sub"
5554 declarations.
5555 This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
5557 This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
5558 (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or
5559 delete an element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your
5560 copy of Perl wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv()
5561 function. You'll need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or
5562 redefine PERL_ENV_TABLES (see perlvms) so that the environ array
5563 isn't the target of the change to %ENV which produced the warning.
5564 This Perl has not been built with support for randomized hash key
5566 traversal but something called Perl_hv_rand_set().
5567 (F) Something has attempted to use an internal API call which
5568 depends on Perl being compiled with the default support for
5569 randomized hash key traversal, but this Perl has been compiled
5570 without it. You should report this warning to the relevant
5571 upstream party, or recompile perl with default options.
5572 times not implemented
5574 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I
5575 suspect you're not running on Unix.
5576 "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line
5578 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
5579 -T option (or the -t option), but Perl was not invoked with -T in
5580 its command line. This is an error because, by the time Perl
5581 discovers a -T in a script, it's too late to properly taint
5582 everything from the environment. So Perl gives up.
5583 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
5585 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be
5586 fixed by editing the #! line so that the -%c option is a part of
5587 Perl's first argument: e.g. change "perl -n -%c" to "perl -%c -n".
5588 If the Perl script is being executed as "perl scriptname", then the
5590 -%c option must appear on the command line: "perl -%c scriptname".
5591 To%s: illegal mapping '%s'
5593 (F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst,
5594 uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you
5595 specified an illegal mapping. See "User-Defined Character
5596 Properties" in perlunicode.
5597 Too deeply nested ()-groups
5599 (F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep
5600 nesting level.
5601 Too few args to syscall
5603 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify
5604 the system call to call, silly dilly.
5605 Too few arguments for subroutine '%s'
5607 (F) A subroutine using a signature fewer arguments than required by
5608 the signature. The caller of the subroutine is presumably at
5609 fault.
5610 The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
5612 If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
5613 will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used.
5614 Too late for "-%s" option
5616 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
5617 -M, -m or -C option.
5618 In the case of -M and -m, this is an error because those options
5620 are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the "use" pragma
5621 instead.
5622 The -C option only works if it is specified on the command line as
5624 well (with the same sequence of letters or numbers following).
5625 Either specify this option on the command line, or, if your system
5626 supports it, make your script executable and run it directly
5627 instead of passing it to perl.
5628 Too late to run %s block
5630 (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time
5631 proper, when the opportunity to run them has already passed.
5632 Perhaps you are loading a file with "require" or "do" when you
5633 should be using "use" instead. Or perhaps you should put the
5634 "require" or "do" inside a BEGIN block.
5635 Too many args to syscall
5637 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
5638 Too many arguments for %s
5640 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
5641 Too many arguments for subroutine '%s'
5643 (F) A subroutine using a signature received more arguments than
5644 permitted by the signature. The caller of the subroutine is
5645 presumably at fault.
5646 The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
5648 If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
5649 will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used.
5650 Too many )'s
5652 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5653 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5654 yourself.
5655 Too many ('s
5657 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5658 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5659 yourself.
5660 Trailing \ in regex m/%s/
5662 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
5663 Backslash it. See perlre.
5664 Transliteration pattern not terminated
5666 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or
5667 tr[][] or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading "$" from
5668 variables $tr or $y may cause this error.
5669 Transliteration replacement not terminated
5671 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][],
5672 y/// or y[][] construct.
5673 '%s' trapped by operation mask
5675 (F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which
5676 it's disallowed. See Safe.
5677 truncate not implemented
5679 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
5680 Configure knows about.
5681 Type of arg %d to &CORE::%s must be %s
5683 (F) The subroutine in question in the CORE package requires its
5684 argument to be a hard reference to data of the specified type.
5685 Overloading is ignored, so a reference to an object that is not the
5686 specified type, but nonetheless has overloading to handle it, will
5687 still not be accepted.
5688 Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
5690 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
5691 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or "@{EXPR}". Hashes must be
5692 %NAME or "%{EXPR}". No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
5693 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See perlref.
5694 umask not implemented
5696 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried
5697 to use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700).
5698 Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
5700 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5701 how many execution contexts were entered and left.
5702 Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
5704 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5705 how many values were temporarily localized.
5706 Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
5708 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5709 how many blocks were entered and left.
5710 Unbalanced string table refcount: (%d) for "%s"
5712 (S internal) On exit, Perl found some strings remaining in the
5713 shared string table used for copy on write and for hash keys. The
5714 entries should have been freed, so this indicates a bug somewhere.
5715 Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
5717 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5718 how many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
5719 Undefined format "%s" called
5721 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's
5722 really in another package? See perlform.
5723 Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
5725 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.
5726 Perhaps it's in a different package? See "sort" in perlfunc.
5727 Undefined subroutine &%s called
5729 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it
5730 has since been undefined.
5731 Undefined subroutine called
5733 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been
5734 defined, or if it was, it has since been undefined.
5735 Undefined subroutine in sort
5737 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't
5738 seem to have been defined yet. See "sort" in perlfunc.
5739 Undefined top format "%s" called
5741 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's
5742 really in another package? See perlform.
5743 Undefined value assigned to typeglob
5745 (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la "*foo
5746 = undef". This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean
5747 "undef *foo".
5748 %s: Undefined variable
5750 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5751 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5752 yourself.
5753 Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated here (and will be fatal in
5755 Perl 5.30), passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5756 Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated here (and will be fatal in
5757 Perl 5.32), passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5758 (D deprecated, regexp) The simple rule to remember, if you want to
5759 match a literal "{" character (U+007B "LEFT CURLY BRACKET") in a
5760 regular expression pattern, is to escape each literal instance of
5761 it in some way. Generally easiest is to precede it with a
5762 backslash, like "\{" or enclose it in square brackets ("[{]"). If
5763 the pattern delimiters are also braces, any matching right brace
5764 ("}") should also be escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for
5765 example,
5766 qr{abc\{def\}ghi}
5768 Forcing literal "{" characters to be escaped will enable the Perl
5770 language to be extended in various ways in future releases. To
5771 avoid needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is is not
5772 enforced in contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions
5773 that could conflict with the use there of "{" as a literal.
5774 In this release of Perl, some literal uses of "{" are fatal, and
5776 some still just deprecated. This is because of an oversight: some
5777 uses of a literal "{" that should have raised a deprecation warning
5778 starting in v5.20 did not warn until v5.26. By making the already-
5779 warned uses fatal now, some of the planned extensions can be made
5780 to the language sooner. The cases which are still allowed will be
5781 fatal in Perl 5.30 or 5.32.
5782 The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are:
5784 · as the first character in a pattern, or following "^"
5786 indicating to anchor the match to the beginning of a line.
5787 · as the first character following a "|" indicating alternation.
5789 · as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like
5791 /foo({bar)/
5793 /foo(?:{bar)/
5794 · as the first character following a quantifier
5796 /\s*{/
5798 Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here in regex; marked by
5800 <-- HERE in m/%s/
5801 (F) The simple rule to remember, if you want to match a literal "{"
5802 character (U+007B "LEFT CURLY BRACKET") in a regular expression
5803 pattern, is to escape each literal instance of it in some way.
5804 Generally easiest is to precede it with a backslash, like "\{" or
5805 enclose it in square brackets ("[{]"). If the pattern delimiters
5806 are also braces, any matching right brace ("}") should also be
5807 escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for example,
5808 qr{abc\{def\}ghi}
5810 Forcing literal "{" characters to be escaped will enable the Perl
5812 language to be extended in various ways in future releases. To
5813 avoid needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is is not
5814 enforced in contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions
5815 that could conflict with the use there of "{" as a literal.
5816 In this release of Perl, some literal uses of "{" are fatal, and
5818 some still just deprecated. This is because of an oversight: some
5819 uses of a literal "{" that should have raised a deprecation warning
5820 starting in v5.20 did not warn until v5.26. By making the already-
5821 warned uses fatal now, some of the planned extensions can be made
5822 to the language sooner.
5823 The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are:
5825 · as the first character in a pattern, or following "^"
5827 indicating to anchor the match to the beginning of a line.
5828 · as the first character following a "|" indicating alternation.
5830 · as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like
5832 /foo({bar)/
5834 /foo(?:{bar)/
5835 · as the first character following a quantifier
5837 /\s*{/
5839 Unescaped literal '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5841 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'")
5842 Within the scope of "use re 'strict'" in a regular expression
5844 pattern, you included an unescaped "}" or "]" which was interpreted
5845 literally. These two characters are sometimes metacharacters, and
5846 sometimes literals, depending on what precedes them in the pattern.
5847 This is unlike the similar ")" which is always a metacharacter
5848 unless escaped.
5849 This action at a distance, perhaps a large distance, can lead to
5851 Perl silently misinterpreting what you meant, so when you specify
5852 that you want extra checking by "use re 'strict'", this warning is
5853 generated. If you meant the character as a literal, simply confirm
5854 that to Perl by preceding the character with a backslash, or make
5855 it into a bracketed character class (like "[}]"). If you meant it
5856 as closing a corresponding "[" or "{", you'll need to look back
5857 through the pattern to find out why that isn't happening.
5858 unexec of %s into %s failed!
5860 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local
5861 FSF representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
5862 Unexpected binary operator '%c' with no preceding operand in regex;
5864 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5865 (F) You had something like this:
5866 (?[ | \p{Digit} ])
5868 where the "|" is a binary operator with an operand on the right,
5870 but no operand on the left.
5871 Unexpected character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5873 (F) You had something like this:
5874 (?[ z ])
5876 Within "(?[ ])", no literal characters are allowed unless they are
5878 within an inner pair of square brackets, like
5879 (?[ [ z ] ])
5881 Another possibility is that you forgot a backslash. Perl isn't
5883 smart enough to figure out what you really meant.
5884 Unexpected constant lvalue entersub entry via type/targ %d:%d
5886 (P) When compiling a subroutine call in lvalue context, Perl failed
5887 an internal consistency check. It encountered a malformed op tree.
5888 Unexpected exit %u
5890 (S) exit() was called or the script otherwise finished gracefully
5891 when "PERL_EXIT_WARN" was set in "PL_exit_flags".
5892 Unexpected exit failure %d
5894 (S) An uncaught die() was called when "PERL_EXIT_WARN" was set in
5895 "PL_exit_flags".
5896 Unexpected ')' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5898 (F) You had something like this:
5899 (?[ ( \p{Digit} + ) ])
5901 The ")" is out-of-place. Something apparently was supposed to be
5903 combined with the digits, or the "+" shouldn't be there, or
5904 something like that. Perl can't figure out what was intended.
5905 Unexpected ']' with no following ')' in (?[... in regex; marked by <--
5907 HERE in m/%s/
5908 (F) While parsing an extended character class a ']' character was
5909 encountered at a point in the definition where the only legal use
5910 of ']' is to close the character class definition as part of a
5911 '])', you may have forgotten the close paren, or otherwise confused
5912 the parser.
5913 Unexpected '(' with no preceding operator in regex; marked by <-- HERE
5915 in m/%s/
5916 (F) You had something like this:
5917 (?[ \p{Digit} ( \p{Lao} + \p{Thai} ) ])
5919 There should be an operator before the "(", as there's no
5921 indication as to how the digits are to be combined with the
5922 characters in the Lao and Thai scripts.
5923 Unicode non-character U+%X is not recommended for open interchange
5925 (S nonchar) Certain codepoints, such as U+FFFE and U+FFFF, are
5926 defined by the Unicode standard to be non-characters. Those are
5927 legal codepoints, but are reserved for internal use; so,
5928 applications shouldn't attempt to exchange them. An application
5929 may not be expecting any of these characters at all, and receiving
5930 them may lead to bugs. If you know what you are doing you can turn
5931 off this warning by "no warnings 'nonchar';".
5932 This is not really a "severe" error, but it is supposed to be
5934 raised by default even if warnings are not enabled, and currently
5935 the only way to do that in Perl is to mark it as serious.
5936 Unicode surrogate U+%X is illegal in UTF-8
5938 (S surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they
5939 are not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800
5940 and U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16.
5941 However, Perl internally allows all unsigned integer code points
5942 (up to the size limit available on your platform), including
5943 surrogates. But these can cause problems when being input or
5944 output, which is likely where this message came from. If you
5945 really really know what you are doing you can turn off this warning
5946 by "no warnings 'surrogate';".
5947 Unknown charname '%s'
5949 (F) The name you used inside "\N{}" is unknown to Perl. Check the
5950 spelling. You can say "use charnames ":loose"" to not have to be
5951 so precise about spaces, hyphens, and capitalization on standard
5952 Unicode names. (Any custom aliases that have been created must be
5953 specified exactly, regardless of whether ":loose" is used or not.)
5954 This error may also happen if the "\N{}" is not in the scope of the
5955 corresponding "use charnames".
5956 Unknown '(*...)' construct '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5958 (F) The "(*" was followed by something that the regular expression
5959 compiler does not recognize. Check your spelling.
5960 Unknown error
5962 (P) Perl was about to print an error message in $@, but the $@
5963 variable did not exist, even after an attempt to create it.
5964 Unknown locale category %d; can't set it to %s
5966 (W locale) You used a locale category that perl doesn't recognize,
5967 so it cannot carry out your request. Check that you are using a
5968 valid category. If so, see "Multi-threaded" in perllocale for
5969 advice on reporting this as a bug, and for modifying perl locally
5970 to accommodate your needs.
5971 Unknown open() mode '%s'
5973 (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
5974 of valid modes: "<", ">", ">>", "+<", "+>", "+>>", "-|", "|-",
5975 "<&", ">&".
5976 Unknown PerlIO layer "%s"
5978 (W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the
5979 Perl I/O system. (Layers take care of transforming data between
5980 external and internal representations.) Note that some layers,
5981 such as "mmap", are not supported in all environments. If your
5982 program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be
5983 the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
5984 Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
5986 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV
5987 before iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the
5988 stream of data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps
5989 trying to subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
5990 Unknown regexp modifier "/%s"
5992 (F) Alphanumerics immediately following the closing delimiter of a
5993 regular expression pattern are interpreted by Perl as modifier
5994 flags for the regex. One of the ones you specified is invalid.
5995 One way this can happen is if you didn't put in white space between
5996 the end of the regex and a following alphanumeric operator:
5997 if ($a =~ /foo/and $bar == 3) { ... }
5999 The "a" is a valid modifier flag, but the "n" is not, and raises
6001 this error. Likely what was meant instead was:
6002 if ($a =~ /foo/ and $bar == 3) { ... }
6004 Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)
6006 (W) You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma.
6007 Unknown switch condition (?(...)) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6009 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause)
6010 construct is not known. The condition must be one of the
6011 following:
6012 (1) (2) ... true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched
6014 (<NAME>) ('NAME') true if named capture matched
6015 (?=...) (?<=...) true if subpattern matches
6016 (*pla:...) (*plb:...) true if subpattern matches; also
6017 (*positive_lookahead:...)
6018 (*positive_lookbehind:...)
6019 (*nla:...) (*nlb:...) true if subpattern fails to match; also
6020 (*negative_lookahead:...)
6021 (*negative_lookbehind:...)
6022 (?{ CODE }) true if code returns a true value
6023 (R) true if evaluating inside recursion
6024 (R1) (R2) ... true if directly inside capture group 1, 2,
6025 etc.
6026 (R&NAME) true if directly inside named capture
6027 (DEFINE) always false; for defining named subpatterns
6028 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6030 problem was discovered. See perlre.
6031 Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'
6033 (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See perlrun
6034 documentation of the "-C" switch for the list of known options.
6035 Unknown Unicode option value %d
6037 (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See perlrun
6038 documentation of the "-C" switch for the list of known options.
6039 Unknown verb pattern '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6041 (F) You either made a typo or have incorrectly put a "*" quantifier
6042 after an open brace in your pattern. Check the pattern and review
6043 perlre for details on legal verb patterns.
6044 Unknown warnings category '%s'
6046 (F) An error issued by the "warnings" pragma. You specified a
6047 warnings category that is unknown to perl at this point.
6048 Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a
6050 module (e.g. "use warnings 'File::Find'"), you must have loaded
6051 this module first.
6052 Unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6054 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish
6055 to include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or
6056 put it first. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular
6057 expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
6058 Unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6060 Unmatched ) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6061 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
6062 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for
6063 finding the matching parenthesis. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
6064 in the regular expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
6065 Unmatched right %s bracket
6067 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than
6068 opening ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening
6069 bracket. As a general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to
6070 speak) near the place you were last editing.
6071 Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
6073 (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a
6074 reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or
6075 capitalize it somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might
6076 also declare it as a subroutine.
6077 Unrecognized character %s; marked by <-- HERE after %s near column %d
6079 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified
6080 character in your Perl script (or eval) near the specified column.
6081 Perhaps you tried to run a compressed script, a binary program, or
6082 a directory as a Perl program.
6083 Unrecognized escape \%c in character class in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6085 in m/%s/
6086 (F) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6087 recognized by Perl inside character classes. This is a fatal error
6088 when the character class is used within "(?[ ])".
6089 Unrecognized escape \%c in character class passed through in regex;
6091 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6092 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6093 recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was
6094 understood literally, but this may change in a future version of
6095 Perl. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6096 escape was discovered.
6097 Unrecognized escape \%c passed through
6099 (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6100 recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally, but
6101 this may change in a future version of Perl.
6102 Unrecognized escape \%s passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6104 m/%s/
6105 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6106 recognized by Perl. The character(s) were understood literally,
6107 but this may change in a future version of Perl. The <-- HERE
6108 shows whereabouts in the regular expression the escape was
6109 discovered.
6110 Unrecognized signal name "%s"
6112 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
6113 recognized. Say "kill -l" in your shell to see the valid signal
6114 names on your system.
6115 Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)
6117 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If
6118 you think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's
6119 supplying the bad switch on your behalf.)
6120 Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
6122 (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that
6123 operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a
6124 newline, PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See
6125 "chomp" in perlfunc.
6126 Unsupported directory function "%s" called
6128 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
6129 Unsupported function %s
6131 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function,
6132 apparently. At least, Configure doesn't think so.
6133 Unsupported function fork
6135 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
6136 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different
6138 flavors of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some
6139 not. Try changing the name you call Perl by to "perl_", "perl__",
6140 and so on.
6141 Unsupported script encoding %s
6143 (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM)
6144 which declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot
6145 read.
6146 Unsupported socket function "%s" called
6148 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or
6149 at least that's what Configure thought.
6150 Unterminated '(*...' argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6152 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*...:...)" but did not
6153 terminate the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6154 Unterminated attribute list
6156 (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the
6157 start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a
6158 block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous
6159 attribute too soon. See attributes.
6160 Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list
6162 (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while
6163 parsing an attribute list, but the matching closing (right)
6164 parenthesis character was not found. You may need to add (or
6165 remove) a backslash character to get your parentheses to balance.
6166 See attributes.
6167 Unterminated compressed integer
6169 (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER
6170 compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer.
6171 See "pack" in perlfunc.
6172 Unterminated '(*...' construct in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6174 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*...)" but did not terminate
6175 the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6176 Unterminated delimiter for here document
6178 (F) This message occurs when a here document label has an initial
6179 quotation mark but the final quotation mark is missing. Perhaps
6180 you wrote:
6181 <<"foo
6183 instead of:
6185 <<"foo"
6187 Unterminated \g... pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6189 Unterminated \g{...} pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6190 (F) In a regular expression, you had a "\g" that wasn't followed by
6191 a proper group reference. In the case of "\g{", the closing brace
6192 is missing; otherwise the "\g" must be followed by an integer. Fix
6193 the pattern and retry.
6194 Unterminated <> operator
6196 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was
6197 expecting a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle
6198 bracket, and not finding it. Chances are you left some needed
6199 parentheses out earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
6200 than".
6201 Unterminated verb pattern argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6203 m/%s/
6204 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*VERB:ARG)" but did not
6205 terminate the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6206 Unterminated verb pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6208 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*VERB)" but did not terminate
6209 the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6210 untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
6212 (W untie) A copy of the object returned from "tie" (or "tied") was
6213 still valid when "untie" was called.
6214 Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)
6216 (F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments. See
6217 "FUNCTIONS" in POSIX for more information.
6218 Usage: Win32::%s(%s)
6220 (F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments. See
6221 Win32 for more information.
6222 $[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)
6224 (W syntax) You used $[ in a comparison, such as:
6225 if ($[ > 5.006) {
6227 ...
6228 }
6229 You probably meant to use $] instead. $[ is the base for indexing
6231 arrays. $] is the Perl version number in decimal.
6232 Use "%s" instead of "%s"
6234 (F) The second listed construct is no longer legal. Use the first
6235 one instead.
6236 Useless assignment to a temporary
6238 (W misc) You assigned to an lvalue subroutine, but what the
6239 subroutine returned was a temporary scalar about to be discarded,
6240 so the assignment had no effect.
6241 Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6243 m/%s/
6244 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that
6245 has no meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:
6246 if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... }
6248 must be written as
6250 if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }
6252 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6254 problem was discovered. See perlre.
6255 Useless localization of %s
6257 (W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as "local($x=10)" is
6258 legal, but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may
6259 change at some point in the future, but in the meantime such code
6260 is discouraged.
6261 Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6263 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has
6264 no meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
6265 if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
6267 must be written as
6269 if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
6271 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6273 problem was discovered. See perlre.
6274 Useless use of attribute "const"
6276 (W misc) The "const" attribute has no effect except on anonymous
6277 closure prototypes. You applied it to a subroutine via
6278 attributes.pm. This is only useful inside an attribute handler for
6279 an anonymous subroutine.
6280 Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator
6282 (W misc) You have used the /d modifier where the searchlist has the
6283 same length as the replacelist. See perlop for more information
6284 about the /d modifier.
6285 Useless use of \E
6287 (W misc) You have a \E in a double-quotish string without a "\U",
6288 "\L" or "\Q" preceding it.
6289 Useless use of greediness modifier '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6291 m/%s/
6292 (W regexp) You specified something like these:
6293 qr/a{3}?/
6295 qr/b{1,1}+/
6296 The "?" and "+" don't have any effect, as they modify whether to
6298 match more or fewer when there is a choice, and by specifying to
6299 match exactly a given numer, there is no room left for a choice.
6300 Useless use of %s in void context
6302 (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that
6303 does nothing with the return value, such as a statement that
6304 doesn't return a value from a block, or the left side of a scalar
6305 comma operator. Very often this points not to stupidity on your
6306 part, but a failure of Perl to parse your program the way you
6307 thought it would. For example, you'd get this if you mixed up your
6308 C precedence with Python precedence and said
6309 $one, $two = 1, 2;
6311 when you meant to say
6313 ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
6315 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a
6317 list reference when you should be using square or curly brackets,
6318 for example, if you say
6319 $array = (1,2);
6321 when you should have said
6323 $array = [1,2];
6325 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar
6327 value, while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is
6328 evaluated in a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma
6329 operator, which throws away the left argument, which is not what
6330 you want. See perlref for more on this.
6331 This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0
6333 or 1 since they are often used in statements like
6334 1 while sub_with_side_effects();
6336 String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned
6338 about.
6339 Useless use of (?-p) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6341 (W regexp) The "p" modifier cannot be turned off once set. Trying
6342 to do so is futile.
6343 Useless use of "re" pragma
6345 (W) You did "use re;" without any arguments. That isn't very
6346 useful.
6347 Useless use of sort in scalar context
6349 (W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in :
6350 my $x = sort @y;
6352 This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away.
6354 Useless use of %s with no values
6356 (W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no
6357 arguments apart from the array, like "push(@x)" or "unshift(@foo)".
6358 That won't usually have any effect on the array, so is completely
6359 useless. It's possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could
6360 have some effect if the array is tied to a class which implements a
6361 PUSH method. If so, you can write it as "push(@tied_array,())" to
6362 avoid this warning.
6363 "use" not allowed in expression
6365 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time,
6366 and returns no useful value. See perlmod.
6367 Use of assignment to $[ is deprecated, and will be fatal in 5.30
6369 (D deprecated) The $[ variable (index of the first element in an
6370 array) is deprecated since Perl 5.12, and setting it to a non-zero
6371 value will be fatal as of Perl 5.30. See "$[" in perlvar.
6372 Use of bare << to mean <<"" is forbidden
6374 (F) You are now required to use the explicitly quoted form if you
6375 wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
6376 Use of a bare terminator was deprecated in Perl 5.000, and is a
6378 fatal error as of Perl 5.28.
6379 Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///
6381 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c
6382 modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions.
6383 Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g
6385 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but
6386 didn't use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when
6387 /g is used. (This may change in the future.)
6388 Use of code point 0x%s is not allowed; the permissible max is 0x%x
6390 Use of code point 0x%s is not allowed; the permissible max is 0x%x in
6391 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6392 (F) You used a code point that is not allowed, because it is too
6393 large. Unicode only allows code points up to 0x10FFFF, but Perl
6394 allows much larger ones. Earlier versions of Perl allowed code
6395 points above IV_MAX (0x7FFFFFF on 32-bit platforms,
6396 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF on 64-bit platforms), however, this could
6397 possibly break the perl interpreter in some constructs, including
6398 causing it to hang in a few cases.
6399 If your code is to run on various platforms, keep in mind that the
6401 upper limit depends on the platform. It is much larger on 64-bit
6402 word sizes than 32-bit ones.
6403 The use of out of range code points was deprecated in Perl 5.24,
6405 and became a fatal error in Perl 5.28.
6406 Use of each() on hash after insertion without resetting hash iterator
6408 results in undefined behavior
6409 (S internal) The behavior of "each()" after insertion is undefined;
6410 it may skip items, or visit items more than once. Consider using
6411 "keys()" instead of "each()".
6412 Use of := for an empty attribute list is not allowed
6414 (F) The construction "my $x := 42" used to parse as equivalent to
6415 "my $x : = 42" (applying an empty attribute list to $x). This
6416 construct was deprecated in 5.12.0, and has now been made a syntax
6417 error, so ":=" can be reclaimed as a new operator in the future.
6418 If you need an empty attribute list, for example in a code
6420 generator, add a space before the "=".
6421 Use of %s for non-UTF-8 locale is wrong. Assuming a UTF-8 locale
6423 (W locale) You are matching a regular expression using locale
6424 rules, and the specified construct was encountered. This construct
6425 is only valid for UTF-8 locales, which the current locale isn't.
6426 This doesn't make sense. Perl will continue, assuming a Unicode
6427 (UTF-8) locale, but the results are likely to be wrong.
6428 Use of freed value in iteration
6430 (F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop? This
6431 error is typically caused by code like the following:
6432 @a = (3,4);
6434 @a = () for (1,2,@a);
6435 You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated
6437 over. For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not
6438 do full reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such
6439 an item in the middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed
6440 value.
6441 Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split
6443 (W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a "split"
6444 operator. Since "split" always tries to match the pattern
6445 repeatedly, the "/g" has no effect.
6446 Use of "goto" to jump into a construct is deprecated
6448 (D deprecated) Using "goto" to jump from an outer scope into an
6449 inner scope is deprecated and should be avoided.
6450 This was deprecated in Perl 5.12.
6452 Use of '%s' in \p{} or \P{} is deprecated because: %s
6454 (D deprecated) Certain properties are deprecated by Unicode, and
6455 may eventually be removed from the Standard, at which time Perl
6456 will follow along. In the meantime, this message is raised to
6457 notify you.
6458 Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%s() is no longer allowed
6460 (F) As an accidental feature, "AUTOLOAD" subroutines were looked up
6461 as methods (using the @ISA hierarchy), even when the subroutines to
6462 be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g. "Foo::bar()"),
6463 not as methods (e.g. "Foo->bar()" or "$obj->bar()").
6464 This was deprecated in Perl 5.004, and was made fatal in Perl 5.28.
6466 Use of %s in printf format not supported
6468 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible
6469 from only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in
6470 Perl.
6471 Use of -l on filehandle%s
6473 (W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened
6474 the file it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying
6475 to look for. The operation returned "undef". Use a filename
6476 instead.
6477 Use of reference "%s" as array index
6479 (W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this
6480 probably isn't what you mean, because references in numerical
6481 context tend to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates
6482 programmer error.
6483 If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like
6485 so: $array[0+$ref]. This warning is not given for overloaded
6486 objects, however, because you can overload the numification and
6487 stringification operators and then you presumably know what you are
6488 doing.
6489 Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to %s operator
6491 is not allowed
6492 (F) You tried to use one of the string bitwise operators ("&" or
6493 "|" or "^" or "~") on a string containing a code point over 0xFF.
6494 The string bitwise operators treat their operands as strings of
6495 bytes, and values beyond 0xFF are nonsensical in this context.
6496 This became fatal in Perl 5.28.
6498 Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to "vec" is
6500 deprecated. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.32
6501 (D deprecated) You tried to use "vec" on a string containing a code
6502 point over 0xFF, which is nonsensical here.
6503 Such usage will be a fatal error in Perl 5.32.
6505 Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated
6507 (W taint, deprecated) You have supplied "system()" or "exec()" with
6508 multiple arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used
6509 to be allowed but will become a fatal error in a future version of
6510 perl. Untaint your arguments. See perlsec.
6511 Use of unassigned code point or non-standalone grapheme for a delimiter
6513 will be a fatal error starting in Perl 5.30
6514 (D deprecated) A grapheme is what appears to a native-speaker of a
6515 language to be a character. In Unicode (and hence Perl) a grapheme
6516 may actually be several adjacent characters that together form a
6517 complete grapheme. For example, there can be a base character,
6518 like "R" and an accent, like a circumflex "^", that appear when
6519 displayed to be a single character with the circumflex hovering
6520 over the "R". Perl currently allows things like that circumflex to
6521 be delimiters of strings, patterns, etc. When displayed, the
6522 circumflex would look like it belongs to the character just to the
6523 left of it. In order to move the language to be able to accept
6524 graphemes as delimiters, we have to deprecate the use of delimiters
6525 which aren't graphemes by themselves. Also, a delimiter must
6526 already be assigned (or known to be never going to be assigned) to
6527 try to future-proof code, for otherwise code that works today would
6528 fail to compile if the currently unassigned delimiter ends up being
6529 something that isn't a stand-alone grapheme. Because Unicode is
6530 never going to assign non-character code points, nor code points
6531 that are above the legal Unicode maximum, those can be delimiters,
6532 and their use won't raise this warning.
6533 Use of uninitialized value%s
6535 (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already
6536 defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a
6537 mistake. To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your
6538 variables.
6539 To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell
6541 you the name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some
6542 cases it cannot do this, so it also tells you what operation you
6543 used the undefined value in. Note, however, that perl optimizes
6544 your program and the operation displayed in the warning may not
6545 necessarily appear literally in your program. For example, "that
6546 $foo" is usually optimized into ""that " . $foo", and the warning
6547 will refer to the "concatenation (.)" operator, even though there
6548 is no "." in your program.
6549 "use re 'strict'" is experimental
6551 (S experimental::re_strict) The things that are different when a
6552 regular expression pattern is compiled under 'strict' are subject
6553 to change in future Perl releases in incompatible ways. This means
6554 that a pattern that compiles today may not in a future Perl
6555 release. This warning is to alert you to that risk.
6556 Use \x{...} for more than two hex characters in regex; marked by
6558 <-- HERE in m/%s/
6559 (F) In a regular expression, you said something like
6560 (?[ [ \xBEEF ] ])
6562 Perl isn't sure if you meant this
6564 (?[ [ \x{BEEF} ] ])
6566 or if you meant this
6568 (?[ [ \x{BE} E F ] ])
6570 You need to add either braces or blanks to disambiguate.
6572 Using just the first character returned by \N{} in character class in
6574 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6575 (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes "(\N{...})" may return a
6576 multi-character sequence. Even though a character class is
6577 supposed to match just one character of input, perl will match the
6578 whole thing correctly, except when the class is inverted
6579 ("[^...]"), or the escape is the beginning or final end point of a
6580 range. For these, what should happen isn't clear at all. In these
6581 circumstances, Perl discards all but the first character of the
6582 returned sequence, which is not likely what you want.
6583 Using /u for '%s' instead of /%s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6585 (W regexp) You used a Unicode boundary ("\b{...}" or "\B{...}") in
6586 a portion of a regular expression where the character set modifiers
6587 "/a" or "/aa" are in effect. These two modifiers indicate an ASCII
6588 interpretation, and this doesn't make sense for a Unicode
6589 definition. The generated regular expression will compile so that
6590 the boundary uses all of Unicode. No other portion of the regular
6591 expression is affected.
6592 Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense
6594 (F) Using the "!~" operator with "s///r", "tr///r" or "y///r" is
6595 currently reserved for future use, as the exact behavior has not
6596 been decided. (Simply returning the boolean opposite of the
6597 modified string is usually not particularly useful.)
6598 UTF-16 surrogate U+%X
6600 (S surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they
6601 are not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800
6602 and U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16.
6603 However, Perl internally allows all unsigned integer code points
6604 (up to the size limit available on your platform), including
6605 surrogates. But these can cause problems when being input or
6606 output, which is likely where this message came from. If you
6607 really really know what you are doing you can turn off this warning
6608 by "no warnings 'surrogate';".
6609 Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
6611 (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*>
6612 (glob), "each()", or "readdir()" as a boolean value. Each of these
6613 constructs can return a value of "0"; that would make the
6614 conditional expression false, which is probably not what you
6615 intended. When using these constructs in conditional expressions,
6616 test their values with the "defined" operator.
6617 Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long
6619 (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value
6620 of an %ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant
6621 string longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been
6622 truncated to 1024 characters.
6623 Variable "%s" is not available
6625 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval
6626 is attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently
6627 available. This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the
6628 outer lexical may be declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that
6629 has not yet been created. (Remember that named subs are created at
6630 compile time, while anonymous subs are created at run-time.) For
6631 example,
6632 sub { my $a; sub f { $a } }
6634 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value
6636 of $a, since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet.
6637 Conversely, the following won't give a warning since the anonymous
6638 subroutine has by now been created and is live:
6639 sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->();
6641 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that
6643 has gone out of scope, for example,
6644 sub f {
6646 my $a;
6647 sub { eval '$a' }
6648 }
6649 f()->();
6650 Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not
6652 currently being executed, so its $a is not available for capture.
6653 Variable "%s" is not imported%s
6655 (S misc) With "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global
6656 variable that you apparently thought was imported from another
6657 module, because something else of the same name (usually a
6658 subroutine) is exported by that module. It usually means you put
6659 the wrong funny character on the front of your variable.
6660 Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex m/%s/
6662 (F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is
6663 fixed and known at compile time. For positive lookbehind, you can
6664 use the "\K" regex construct as a way to get the equivalent
6665 functionality. See (?<=pattern) and \K in perlre.
6666 Starting in Perl 5.18, there are non-obvious Unicode rules under
6668 "/i" that can match variably, but which you might not think could.
6669 For example, the substring "ss" can match the single character
6670 LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S. Here's a complete list of the current
6671 ones affecting ASCII characters:
6672 ASCII
6674 sequence Matches single letter under /i
6675 FF U+FB00 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FF
6676 FFI U+FB03 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFI
6677 FFL U+FB04 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFL
6678 FI U+FB01 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FI
6679 FL U+FB02 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FL
6680 SS U+00DF LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S
6681 U+1E9E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S
6682 ST U+FB06 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE ST
6683 U+FB05 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE LONG S T
6684 This list is subject to change, but is quite unlikely to. Each
6686 ASCII sequence can be any combination of upper- and lowercase.
6687 You can avoid this by using a bracketed character class in the
6689 lookbehind assertion, like
6690 (?<![sS]t)
6692 (?<![fF]f[iI])
6693 This fools Perl into not matching the ligatures.
6695 Another option for Perls starting with 5.16, if you only care about
6697 ASCII matches, is to add the "/aa" modifier to the regex. This
6698 will exclude all these non-obvious matches, thus getting rid of
6699 this message. You can also say
6700 use if $] ge 5.016, re => '/aa';
6702 to apply "/aa" to all regular expressions compiled within its
6704 scope. See re.
6705 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
6707 (W shadow) A "my", "our" or "state" variable has been redeclared in
6708 the current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access
6709 to the previous instance. This is almost always a typographical
6710 error. Note that the earlier variable will still exist until the
6711 end of the scope or until all closure references to it are
6712 destroyed.
6713 Variable syntax
6715 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
6716 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
6717 yourself.
6718 Variable "%s" will not stay shared
6720 (W closure) An inner (nested) named subroutine is referencing a
6721 lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine.
6722 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of the
6724 outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
6725 call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to
6726 the outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines
6727 will no longer share a common value for the variable. In other
6728 words, the variable will no longer be shared.
6729 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
6731 anonymous, using the "sub {}" syntax. When inner anonymous subs
6732 that reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they are
6733 automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
6734 vector argument not supported with alpha versions
6736 (S printf) The %vd (s)printf format does not support version
6737 objects with alpha parts.
6738 Verb pattern '%s' has a mandatory argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6740 in m/%s/
6741 (F) You used a verb pattern that requires an argument. Supply an
6742 argument or check that you are using the right verb.
6743 Verb pattern '%s' may not have an argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6745 in m/%s/
6746 (F) You used a verb pattern that is not allowed an argument.
6747 Remove the argument or check that you are using the right verb.
6748 Version control conflict marker
6750 (F) The parser found a line starting with "<<<<<<<", ">>>>>>>", or
6751 "=======". These may be left by a version control system to mark
6752 conflicts after a failed merge operation.
6753 Version number must be a constant number
6755 (P) The attempt to translate a "use Module n.n LIST" statement into
6756 its equivalent "BEGIN" block found an internal inconsistency with
6757 the version number.
6758 Version string '%s' contains invalid data; ignoring: '%s'
6760 (W misc) The version string contains invalid characters at the end,
6761 which are being ignored.
6762 Warning: something's wrong
6764 (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of "warn """)
6765 or you called it with no args and $@ was empty.
6766 Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
6768 (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication
6769 on the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of
6770 disk space.
6771 Warning: unable to close filehandle properly: %s
6773 Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly: %s
6774 (S io) There were errors during the implicit close() done on a
6775 filehandle when its reference count reached zero while it was still
6776 open, e.g.:
6777 {
6779 open my $fh, '>', $file or die "open: '$file': $!\n";
6780 print $fh $data or die "print: $!";
6781 } # implicit close here
6782 Because various errors may only be detected by close() (e.g.
6784 buffering could allow the "print" in this example to return true
6785 even when the disk is full), it is dangerous to ignore its result.
6786 So when it happens implicitly, perl will signal errors by warning.
6787 Prior to version 5.22.0, perl ignored such errors, so the common
6789 idiom shown above was liable to cause silent data loss.
6790 Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
6792 (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that
6793 looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted
6794 as a term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the
6795 rand function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
6796 rand + 5;
6798 you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
6800 rand() + 5;
6802 but in actual fact, you got
6804 rand(+5);
6806 So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
6808 when is experimental
6810 (S experimental::smartmatch) "when" depends on smartmatch, which is
6811 experimental. Additionally, it has several special cases that may
6812 not be immediately obvious, and their behavior may change or even
6813 be removed in any future release of perl. See the explanation
6814 under "Experimental Details on given and when" in perlsyn.
6815 Wide character in %s
6817 (S utf8) Perl met a wide character (ordinal >255) when it wasn't
6818 expecting one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print).
6819 If this warning does come from I/O, the easiest way to quiet it is
6821 simply to add the ":utf8" layer, e.g., "binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'".
6822 Another way to turn off the warning is to add "no warnings 'utf8';"
6823 but that is often closer to cheating. In general, you are supposed
6824 to explicitly mark the filehandle with an encoding, see open and
6825 "binmode" in perlfunc.
6826 If the warning comes from other than I/O, this diagnostic probably
6828 indicates that incorrect results are being obtained. You should
6829 examine your code to determine how a wide character is getting to
6830 an operation that doesn't handle them.
6831 Wide character (U+%X) in %s
6833 (W locale) While in a single-byte locale (i.e., a non-UTF-8 one), a
6834 multi-byte character was encountered. Perl considers this
6835 character to be the specified Unicode code point. Combining
6836 non-UTF-8 locales and Unicode is dangerous. Almost certainly some
6837 characters will have two different representations. For example,
6838 in the ISO 8859-7 (Greek) locale, the code point 0xC3 represents a
6839 Capital Gamma. But so also does 0x393. This will make string
6840 comparisons unreliable.
6841 You likely need to figure out how this multi-byte character got
6843 mixed up with your single-byte locale (or perhaps you thought you
6844 had a UTF-8 locale, but Perl disagrees).
6845 Within []-length '%c' not allowed
6847 (F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by
6848 "[TEMPLATE]" only if "TEMPLATE" always matches the same amount of
6849 packed bytes that can be determined from the template alone. This
6850 is not possible if it contains any of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a
6851 *-length. Redesign the template.
6852 %s() with negative argument
6854 (S misc) Certain operations make no sense with negative arguments.
6855 Warning is given and the operation is not done.
6856 write() on closed filehandle %s
6858 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
6859 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
6860 %s "\x%X" does not map to Unicode
6862 (S utf8) When reading in different encodings, Perl tries to map
6863 everything into Unicode characters. The bytes you read in are not
6864 legal in this encoding. For example
6865 utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode
6867 if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8.
6869 'X' outside of string
6871 (F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position
6872 before the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See "pack" in
6873 perlfunc.
6874 'x' outside of string in unpack
6876 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position
6877 after the end of the string being unpacked. See "pack" in
6878 perlfunc.
6879 YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
6881 (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have
6882 the sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a
6883 rip about what you want. There is a vulnerability anywhere that
6884 you have a set-id script, and to close it you need to remove the
6885 set-id bit from the script that you're attempting to run. To
6886 actually run the script set-id, your best bet is to put a set-id C
6887 wrapper around your script.
6888 You need to quote "%s"
6890 (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
6891 Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared,
6892 which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the
6893 assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If
6894 it IS what you want, put an & in front.)
6895 Your random numbers are not that random
6897 (F) When trying to initialize the random seed for hashes, Perl
6898 could not get any randomness out of your system. This usually
6899 indicates Something Very Wrong.
6900 Zero length \N{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6902 (F) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a zero-
6903 length sequence. Such an escape was used in an extended character
6904 class, i.e. "(?[...])", or under "use re 'strict'", which is not
6905 permitted. Check that the correct escape has been used, and the
6906 correct charnames handler is in scope. The <-- HERE shows
6907 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
6908
6910 warnings, diagnostics.
6911perl v5.28.2 2019-04-02 PERLDIAG(1)