1PERLDIAG(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLDIAG(1)
2
6 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7
9 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10 desperation):
11 (W) A warning (optional).
13 (D) A deprecation (enabled by default).
14 (S) A severe warning (enabled by default).
15 (F) A fatal error (trappable).
16 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
17 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
18 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
19 The majority of messages from the first three classifications above (W,
21 D & S) can be controlled using the "warnings" pragma.
22 If a message can be controlled by the "warnings" pragma, its warning
24 category is included with the classification letter in the description
25 below. E.g. "(W closed)" means a warning in the "closed" category.
26 Optional warnings are enabled by using the "warnings" pragma or the -w
28 and -W switches. Warnings may be captured by setting $SIG{__WARN__} to
29 a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead of
30 printing it. See perlvar.
31 Severe warnings are always enabled, unless they are explicitly disabled
33 with the "warnings" pragma or the -X switch.
34 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See "eval" in
36 perlfunc. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively disabled or
37 promoted to fatal errors using the "warnings" pragma. See warnings.
38 The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or
40 lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are
41 denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are
42 ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than
43 letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a
44 letter.
45 accept() on closed socket %s
47 (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you
48 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
49 "accept" in perlfunc.
50 Aliasing via reference is experimental
52 (S experimental::refaliasing) This warning is emitted if you use a
53 reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment to
54 alias one variable to another. Simply suppress the warning if you
55 want to use the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking
56 the risk of using an experimental feature which may change or be
57 removed in a future Perl version:
58 no warnings "experimental::refaliasing";
60 use feature "refaliasing";
61 \$x = \$y;
62 Allocation too large: %x
64 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
65 '%c' allowed only after types %s in %s
67 (F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or
68 unpack() only after certain types. See "pack" in perlfunc.
69 alpha->numify() is lossy
71 (W numeric) An alpha version can not be numified without losing
72 information.
73 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
75 (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a
76 Perl keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for
77 calling one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because
78 the subroutine is not imported.
79 To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an
81 ampersand before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its
82 package. Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend
83 that it's imported with the "use subs" pragma).
84 To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the "CORE::"
86 prefix on the operator (e.g. "CORE::log($x)") or declare the
87 subroutine to be an object method (see "Subroutine Attributes" in
88 perlsub or attributes).
89 Ambiguous range in transliteration operator
91 (F) You wrote something like "tr/a-z-0//" which doesn't mean
92 anything at all. To include a "-" character in a transliteration,
93 put it either first or last. (In the past, "tr/a-z-0//" was
94 synonymous with "tr/a-y//", which was probably not what you would
95 have expected.)
96 Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
98 (S ambiguous) You said something that may not be interpreted the
99 way you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by
100 supplying a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or
101 declaration.
102 Ambiguous use of -%s resolved as -&%s()
104 (S ambiguous) You wrote something like "-foo", which might be the
105 string "-foo", or a call to the function "foo", negated. If you
106 meant the string, just write "-foo". If you meant the function
107 call, write "-foo()".
108 Ambiguous use of %c resolved as operator %c
110 (S ambiguous) "%", "&", and "*" are both infix operators (modulus,
111 bitwise and, and multiplication) and initial special characters
112 (denoting hashes, subroutines and typeglobs), and you said
113 something like "*foo * foo" that might be interpreted as either of
114 them. We assumed you meant the infix operator, but please try to
115 make it more clear -- in the example given, you might write "*foo *
116 foo()" if you really meant to multiply a glob by the result of
117 calling a function.
118 Ambiguous use of %c{%s} resolved to %c%s
120 (W ambiguous) You wrote something like "@{foo}", which might be
121 asking for the variable @foo, or it might be calling a function
122 named foo, and dereferencing it as an array reference. If you
123 wanted the variable, you can just write @foo. If you wanted to
124 call the function, write "@{foo()}" ... or you could just not have
125 a variable and a function with the same name, and save yourself a
126 lot of trouble.
127 Ambiguous use of %c{%s[...]} resolved to %c%s[...]
129 Ambiguous use of %c{%s{...}} resolved to %c%s{...}
130 (W ambiguous) You wrote something like "${foo[2]}" (where foo
131 represents the name of a Perl keyword), which might be looking for
132 element number 2 of the array named @foo, in which case please
133 write $foo[2], or you might have meant to pass an anonymous
134 arrayref to the function named foo, and then do a scalar deref on
135 the value it returns. If you meant that, write "${foo([2])}".
136 In regular expressions, the "${foo[2]}" syntax is sometimes
138 necessary to disambiguate between array subscripts and character
139 classes. "/$length[2345]/", for instance, will be interpreted as
140 $length followed by the character class "[2345]". If an array
141 subscript is what you want, you can avoid the warning by changing
142 "/${length[2345]}/" to the unsightly "/${\$length[2345]}/", by
143 renaming your array to something that does not coincide with a
144 built-in keyword, or by simply turning off warnings with "no
145 warnings 'ambiguous';".
146 '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
148 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
149 redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also
150 tried to redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a
151 customer, please.
152 '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
154 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
155 redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file
156 and into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the
157 other, though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or
158 Perl script which 'splits' output into two streams, such as
159 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
161 while (<STDIN>) {
162 print;
163 print OUT;
164 }
165 close OUT;
166 Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
168 (W misc) The pattern match ("//"), substitution ("s///"), and
169 transliteration ("tr///") operators work on scalar values. If you
170 apply one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array
171 or hash to a scalar value (the length of an array, or the
172 population info of a hash) and then work on that scalar value.
173 This is probably not what you meant to do. See "grep" in perlfunc
174 and "map" in perlfunc for alternatives.
175 Arg too short for msgsnd
177 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
178 Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
180 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an
181 operator that expected a numeric value instead. If you're
182 fortunate the message will identify which operator was so
183 unfortunate.
184 Note that for the "Inf" and "NaN" (infinity and not-a-number) the
186 definition of "numeric" is somewhat unusual: the strings themselves
187 (like "Inf") are considered numeric, and anything following them is
188 considered non-numeric.
189 Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s"
191 (W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O
192 system you forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers
193 take care of transforming data between external and internal
194 representations.) Perl stopped parsing the layer list at this
195 point and did not attempt to push this layer. If your program
196 didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the
197 result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
198 Argument "%s" treated as 0 in increment (++)
200 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to the "++"
201 operator which expects either a number or a string matching
202 "/^[a-zA-Z]*[0-9]*\z/". See "Auto-increment and Auto-decrement" in
203 perlop for details.
204 Array passed to stat will be coerced to a scalar%s
206 (W syntax) You called stat() on an array, but the array will be
207 coerced to a scalar - the number of elements in the array.
208 A signature parameter must start with '$', '@' or '%'
210 (F) Each subroutine signature parameter declaration must start with
211 a valid sigil; for example:
212 sub foo ($a, $, $b = 1, @c) {}
214 A slurpy parameter may not have a default value
216 (F) Only scalar subroutine signature parameters may have a default
217 value; for example:
218 sub foo ($a = 1) {} # legal
220 sub foo (@a = (1)) {} # invalid
221 sub foo (%a = (a => b)) {} # invalid
222 assertion botched: %s
224 (X) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal
225 failure.
226 Assertion %s failed: file "%s", line %d
228 (X) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be
229 examined.
230 Assigned value is not a reference
232 (F) You tried to assign something that was not a reference to an
233 lvalue reference (e.g., "\$x = $y"). If you meant to make $x an
234 alias to $y, use "\$x = \$y".
235 Assigned value is not %s reference
237 (F) You tried to assign a reference to a reference constructor, but
238 the two references were not of the same type. You cannot alias a
239 scalar to an array, or an array to a hash; the two types must
240 match.
241 \$x = \@y; # error
243 \@x = \%y; # error
244 $y = [];
245 \$x = $y; # error; did you mean \$y?
246 Assigning non-zero to $[ is no longer possible
248 (F) When the "array_base" feature is disabled (e.g., and under "use
249 v5.16;", and as of Perl 5.30) the special variable $[, which is
250 deprecated, is now a fixed zero value.
251 Assignment to both a list and a scalar
253 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd
254 arguments must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise
255 Perl won't know which context to supply to the right side.
256 Assuming NOT a POSIX class since %s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
258 m/%s/
259 (W regexp) You had something like these:
260 [[:alnum]]
262 [[:digit:xyz]
263 They look like they might have been meant to be the POSIX classes
265 "[:alnum:]" or "[:digit:]". If so, they should be written:
266 [[:alnum:]]
268 [[:digit:]xyz]
269 Since these aren't legal POSIX class specifications, but are legal
271 bracketed character classes, Perl treats them as the latter. In
272 the first example, it matches the characters ":", "[", "a", "l",
273 "m", "n", and "u".
274 If these weren't meant to be POSIX classes, this warning message is
276 spurious, and can be suppressed by reordering things, such as
277 [[al:num]]
279 or
281 [[:munla]]
283 <> at require-statement should be quotes
285 (F) You wrote "require <file>" when you should have written
286 "require 'file'".
287 Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
289 (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not
290 in the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
291 Attempt to bless into a freed package
293 (F) You wrote "bless $foo" with one argument after somehow causing
294 the current package to be freed. Perl cannot figure out what to
295 do, so it throws up its hands in despair.
296 Attempt to bless into a reference
298 (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to
299 be the name of the package to bless the resulting object into.
300 You've supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote
301 bless $self, $proto;
303 when you intended
305 bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto;
307 If you actually want to bless into the stringified version of the
309 reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for example
310 by:
311 bless $self, "$proto";
313 Attempt to clear deleted array
315 (S debugging) An array was assigned to when it was being freed.
316 Freed values are not supposed to be visible to Perl code. This can
317 also happen if XS code calls "av_clear" from a custom magic
318 callback on the array.
319 Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
321 (F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a
322 key which is not in its key set.
323 Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
325 (F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
326 declared readonly from a restricted hash.
327 Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%x
329 (S internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from
330 arenas that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was
331 discovered to be outside any of those arenas.
332 Attempt to free nonexistent shared string '%s'%s
334 (S internal) Perl maintains a reference-counted internal table of
335 strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other
336 strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference
337 count of a string that can no longer be found in the table.
338 Attempt to free temp prematurely: SV 0x%x
340 (S debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
341 free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing
342 the SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means
343 that the free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar
344 when it does try to free it.
345 Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
347 (S internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
348 Attempt to free unreferenced scalar: SV 0x%x
350 (S internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar
351 to see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone
352 to 0 earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was
353 freed. This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many
354 times, or that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the
355 SV was mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has
356 been corrupted.
357 Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
359 (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
360 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template.
361 This means the result contains a pointer to a location that could
362 become invalid anytime, even before the end of the current
363 statement. Use literals or global values as arguments to the "p"
364 pack() template to avoid this warning.
365 Attempt to reload %s aborted.
367 (F) You tried to load a file with "use" or "require" that failed to
368 compile once already. Perl will not try to compile this file again
369 unless you delete its entry from %INC. See "require" in perlfunc
370 and "%INC" in perlvar.
371 Attempt to set length of freed array
373 (W misc) You tried to set the length of an array which has been
374 freed. You can do this by storing a reference to the scalar
375 representing the last index of an array and later assigning through
376 that reference. For example
377 $r = do {my @a; \$#a};
379 $$r = 503
380 Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
382 (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to
383 substr() used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you
384 forgot to dereference it first. See "substr" in perlfunc.
385 Attribute prototype(%s) discards earlier prototype attribute in same
387 sub
388 (W misc) A sub was declared as sub foo : prototype(A) :
389 prototype(B) {}, for example. Since each sub can only have one
390 prototype, the earlier declaration(s) are discarded while the last
391 one is applied.
392 av_reify called on tied array
394 (S debugging) This indicates that something went wrong and Perl got
395 very confused about @_ or @DB::args being tied.
396 Bad arg length for %s, is %u, should be %d
398 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(),
399 semctl() or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are,
400 respectively, sizeof(struct msqid_ds *), sizeof(struct semid_ds *),
401 and sizeof(struct shmid_ds *).
402 Bad evalled substitution pattern
404 (F) You've used the "/e" switch to evaluate the replacement for a
405 substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to
406 evaluate, most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
407 Bad filehandle: %s
409 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the
410 symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do
411 an open(), or did it in another package.
412 Bad free() ignored
414 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
415 never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be
416 disabled by setting environment variable "PERL_BADFREE" to 0.
417 This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with
419 "hard" dynamic linking, like "AIX" and "OS/2". It is a bug of
420 "Berkeley DB" which is left unnoticed if "DB" uses forgiving system
421 malloc().
422 Bad hash
424 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
425 Badly placed ()'s
427 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
428 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
429 yourself.
430 Bad name after %s
432 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and
433 then didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't
434 interpolate outside of quotes, so
435 $var = 'myvar';
437 $sym = mypack::$var;
438 is not the same as
440 $var = 'myvar';
442 $sym = "mypack::$var";
443 Bad plugin affecting keyword '%s'
445 (F) An extension using the keyword plugin mechanism violated the
446 plugin API.
447 Bad realloc() ignored
449 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that
450 had never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can
451 be disabled by setting the environment variable "PERL_BADFREE" to
452 1.
453 Bad symbol for array
455 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something
456 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
457 Bad symbol for dirhandle
459 (P) An internal request asked to add a dirhandle entry to something
460 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
461 Bad symbol for filehandle
463 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to
464 something that wasn't a symbol table entry.
465 Bad symbol for hash
467 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
468 wasn't a symbol table entry.
469 Bad symbol for scalar
471 (P) An internal request asked to add a scalar entry to something
472 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
473 Bareword found in conditional
475 (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
476 conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as
477 part of the last argument of the previous construct, for example:
478 open FOO || die;
480 It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been
482 interpreted as a bareword:
483 use constant TYPO => 1;
485 if (TYOP) { print "foo" }
486 The "strict" pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.
488 Bareword in require contains "%s"
490 Bareword in require maps to disallowed filename "%s"
491 Bareword in require maps to empty filename
492 (F) The bareword form of require has been invoked with a filename
493 which could not have been generated by a valid bareword permitted
494 by the parser. You shouldn't be able to get this error from Perl
495 code, but XS code may throw it if it passes an invalid module name
496 to "Perl_load_module".
497 Bareword in require must not start with a double-colon: "%s"
499 (F) In "require Bare::Word", the bareword is not allowed to start
500 with a double-colon. Write "require ::Foo::Bar" as "require
501 Foo::Bar" instead.
502 Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
504 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
505 subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>"
506 symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
507 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
509 (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form "Foo::", but
510 the compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point.
511 Perhaps you need to predeclare a package?
512 BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
514 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN
515 subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is
516 exited.
517 BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
519 (F) Perl found a "BEGIN {}" subroutine (or a "use" directive, which
520 implies a "BEGIN {}") after one or more compilation errors had
521 already occurred. Since the intended environment for the "BEGIN
522 {}" could not be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since
523 subsequent code likely depends on its correct operation, Perl just
524 gave up.
525 \%d better written as $%d
527 (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as
528 variables. The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-
529 hand side of a substitution, but stylistically it's better to use
530 the variable form because other Perl programmers will expect it,
531 and it works better if there are more than 9 backreferences.
532 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable
534 (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
535 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
536 perlport for more on portability concerns.
537 bind() on closed socket %s
539 (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you
540 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See "bind"
541 in perlfunc.
542 binmode() on closed filehandle %s
544 (W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never
545 opened. Check your control flow and number of arguments.
546 Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
548 (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
549 Bizarre copy of %s
551 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
552 copiable.
553 Bizarre SvTYPE [%d]
555 (P) When starting a new thread or returning values from a thread,
556 Perl encountered an invalid data type.
557 Both or neither range ends should be Unicode in regex; marked by
559 <-- HERE in m/%s/
560 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
561 In a bracketed character class in a regular expression pattern, you
563 had a range which has exactly one end of it specified using "\N{}",
564 and the other end is specified using a non-portable mechanism.
565 Perl treats the range as a Unicode range, that is, all the
566 characters in it are considered to be the Unicode characters, and
567 which may be different code points on some platforms Perl runs on.
568 For example, "[\N{U+06}-\x08]" is treated as if you had instead
569 said "[\N{U+06}-\N{U+08}]", that is it matches the characters whose
570 code points in Unicode are 6, 7, and 8. But that "\x08" might
571 indicate that you meant something different, so the warning gets
572 raised.
573 Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
575 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing
576 to iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol
577 definition which was too long, so it was truncated to the string
578 shown.
579 Callback called exit
581 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv()
582 exited by calling exit.
583 %s() called too early to check prototype
585 (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before
586 the parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could
587 not check that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to
588 either add an early prototype declaration for the subroutine in
589 question, or move the subroutine definition ahead of the call to
590 get proper prototype checking. Alternatively, if you are certain
591 that you're calling the function correctly, you may put an
592 ampersand before the name to avoid the warning. See perlsub.
593 Cannot chr %f
595 (F) You passed an invalid number (like an infinity or not-a-number)
596 to "chr".
597 Cannot complete in-place edit of %s: %s
599 (F) Your perl script appears to have changed directory while
600 performing an in-place edit of a file specified by a relative path,
601 and your system doesn't include the directory relative POSIX
602 functions needed to handle that.
603 Cannot compress %f in pack
605 (F) You tried compressing an infinity or not-a-number as an
606 unsigned integer with BER, which makes no sense.
607 Cannot compress integer in pack
609 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. The
610 BER compressed integer format can only be used with positive
611 integers, and you attempted to compress a very large number (>
612 1e308). See "pack" in perlfunc.
613 Cannot compress negative numbers in pack
615 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed
616 integer format can only be used with positive integers. See "pack"
617 in perlfunc.
618 Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob
620 (F) You manipulated Perl's symbol table directly, stored a
621 reference in it, then tried to access that symbol via conventional
622 Perl syntax. The access triggers Perl to autovivify that typeglob,
623 but it there is no legal conversion from that type of reference to
624 a typeglob.
625 Cannot copy to %s
627 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy a value to an internal type
628 that cannot be directly assigned to.
629 Cannot find encoding "%s"
631 (S io) You tried to apply an encoding that did not exist to a
632 filehandle, either with open() or binmode().
633 Cannot open %s as a dirhandle: it is already open as a filehandle
635 (F) You tried to use opendir() to associate a dirhandle to a symbol
636 (glob or scalar) that already holds a filehandle. Since this idiom
637 might render your code confusing, it was deprecated in Perl 5.10.
638 As of Perl 5.28, it is a fatal error.
639 Cannot open %s as a filehandle: it is already open as a dirhandle
641 (F) You tried to use open() to associate a filehandle to a symbol
642 (glob or scalar) that already holds a dirhandle. Since this idiom
643 might render your code confusing, it was deprecated in Perl 5.10.
644 As of Perl 5.28, it is a fatal error.
645 Cannot pack %f with '%c'
647 (F) You tried converting an infinity or not-a-number to an integer,
648 which makes no sense.
649 Cannot printf %f with '%c'
651 (F) You tried printing an infinity or not-a-number as a character
652 (%c), which makes no sense. Maybe you meant '%s', or just
653 stringifying it?
654 Cannot set tied @DB::args
656 (F) "caller" tried to set @DB::args, but found it tied. Tying
657 @DB::args is not supported. (Before this error was added, it used
658 to crash.)
659 Cannot tie unreifiable array
661 (P) You somehow managed to call "tie" on an array that does not
662 keep a reference count on its arguments and cannot be made to do
663 so. Such arrays are not even supposed to be accessible to Perl
664 code, but are only used internally.
665 Cannot yet reorder sv_vcatpvfn() arguments from va_list
667 (F) Some XS code tried to use "sv_vcatpvfn()" or a related function
668 with a format string that specifies explicit indexes for some of
669 the elements, and using a C-style variable-argument list (a
670 "va_list"). This is not currently supported. XS authors wanting
671 to do this must instead construct a C array of "SV*" scalars
672 containing the arguments.
673 Can only compress unsigned integers in pack
675 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER
676 compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers,
677 and you attempted to compress something else. See "pack" in
678 perlfunc.
679 Can't bless non-reference value
681 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl
682 "enforces" encapsulation of objects. See perlobj.
683 Can't "break" in a loop topicalizer
685 (F) You called "break", but you're in a "foreach" block rather than
686 a "given" block. You probably meant to use "next" or "last".
687 Can't "break" outside a given block
689 (F) You called "break", but you're not inside a "given" block.
690 Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
692 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by
693 the object reference or package name contains an undefined value.
694 Something like this will reproduce the error:
695 $BADREF = undef;
697 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
698 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
699 Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
701 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run.
702 It ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply,
703 but you didn't supply an object reference in this case. A
704 reference isn't an object reference until it has been blessed. See
705 perlobj.
706 Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
708 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by
709 the object reference or package name contains an expression that
710 returns a defined value which is neither an object reference nor a
711 package name. Something like this will reproduce the error:
712 $BADREF = 42;
714 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
715 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
716 Can't call mro_isa_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table
718 (P) Perl got confused as to whether a hash was a plain hash or a
719 symbol table hash when trying to update @ISA caches.
720 Can't call mro_method_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table
722 (F) An XS module tried to call "mro_method_changed_in" on a hash
723 that was not attached to the symbol table.
724 Can't chdir to %s
726 (F) You called "perl -x/foo/bar", but /foo/bar is not a directory
727 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
728 Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid
730 (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script
731 for nosuid.
732 Can't coerce %s to %s in %s
734 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
735 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you
736 can't say things like:
737 *foo += 1;
739 You CAN say
741 $foo = *foo;
743 $foo += 1;
744 but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
746 Can't "continue" outside a when block
748 (F) You called "continue", but you're not inside a "when" or
749 "default" block.
750 Can't create pipe mailbox
752 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from
753 exhausted quotas or other plumbing problems.
754 Can't declare %s in "%s"
756 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my",
757 "our" or "state" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as
758 names.
759 Can't "default" outside a topicalizer
761 (F) You have used a "default" block that is neither inside a
762 "foreach" loop nor a "given" block. (Note that this error is
763 issued on exit from the "default" block, so you won't get the error
764 if you use an explicit "continue".)
765 Can't determine class of operator %s, assuming BASEOP
767 (S) This warning indicates something wrong in the internals of
768 perl. Perl was trying to find the class (e.g. LISTOP) of a
769 particular OP, and was unable to do so. This is likely to be due to
770 a bug in the perl internals, or due to a bug in XS code which
771 manipulates perl optrees.
772 Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
774 (S inplace) You tried to use the -i switch on a special file, such
775 as a file in /dev, a FIFO or an uneditable directory. The file was
776 ignored.
777 Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
779 (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated
780 reason.
781 Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique
783 (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than
784 14 characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename
785 during inplace editing with the -i switch. The file was ignored.
786 Can't do %s("%s") on non-UTF-8 locale; resolved to "%s".
788 (W locale) You are 1) running under ""use locale""; 2) the current
789 locale is not a UTF-8 one; 3) you tried to do the designated case-
790 change operation on the specified Unicode character; and 4) the
791 result of this operation would mix Unicode and locale rules, which
792 likely conflict. Mixing of different rule types is forbidden, so
793 the operation was not done; instead the result is the indicated
794 value, which is the best available that uses entirely Unicode
795 rules. That turns out to almost always be the original character,
796 unchanged.
797 It is generally a bad idea to mix non-UTF-8 locales and Unicode,
799 and this issue is one of the reasons why. This warning is raised
800 when Unicode rules would normally cause the result of this
801 operation to contain a character that is in the range specified by
802 the locale, 0..255, and hence is subject to the locale's rules, not
803 Unicode's.
804 If you are using locale purely for its characteristics related to
806 things like its numeric and time formatting (and not "LC_CTYPE"),
807 consider using a restricted form of the locale pragma (see "The
808 "use locale" pragma" in perllocale) like
809 ""use locale ':not_characters'"".
810 Note that failed case-changing operations done as a result of case-
812 insensitive "/i" regular expression matching will show up in this
813 warning as having the "fc" operation (as that is what the regular
814 expression engine calls behind the scenes.)
815 Can't do waitpid with flags
817 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only
818 waitpid() without flags is emulated.
819 Can't emulate -%s on #! line
821 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this
822 point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a -x on the #!
823 line.
824 Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform
826 (F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-
827 endian, or it has a very strange pointer size. Packing and
828 unpacking big- or little-endian floating point values and pointers
829 may not be possible. See "pack" in perlfunc.
830 Can't exec "%s": %s
832 (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute
833 the named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons
834 include: the permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't
835 found in $ENV{PATH}, the executable in question was compiled for
836 another architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an
837 interpreter that can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your
838 system doesn't support #! at all.)
839 Can't exec %s
841 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you
842 because that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you
843 wanted, you may need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
844 Can't execute %s
846 (F) You used the -S switch, but the copies of the script to execute
847 found in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
848 Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
850 (F) A string of a form "CORE::word" was given to prototype(), but
851 there is no builtin with the name "word".
852 Can't find label %s
854 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that
855 it's possible for us to go to. See "goto" in perlfunc.
856 Can't find %s on PATH
858 (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be
859 found in the PATH.
860 Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
862 (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be
863 found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions.
864 The script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits
865 running it.
866 Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
868 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message
869 means that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed
870 quotes count nesting levels, the following is missing its final
871 parenthesis:
872 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
874 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have
876 included unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag or
877 there may not be a linebreak after it. A good programmer's editor
878 will have a way to help you find these characters (or lack of
879 characters). See perlop for the full details on here-documents.
880 Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"
882 Can't find Unicode property definition "%s" in regex; marked by <--
883 HERE in m/%s/
884 (F) The named property which you specified via "\p" or "\P" is not
885 one known to Perl. Perhaps you misspelled the name? See
886 "Properties accessible through \p{} and \P{}" in perluniprops for a
887 complete list of available official properties. If it is a user-
888 defined property it must have been defined by the time the regular
889 expression is matched.
890 If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the "\p",
892 either by "\\p" (just the "\p") or by "\Q\p" (the rest of the
893 string, or until "\E").
894 Can't fork: %s
896 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
897 pipeline.
898 Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds
900 (W pipe) A fork in a piped open failed with EAGAIN and will be
901 retried after five seconds.
902 Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
904 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the
905 difference between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model
906 Perl assumes. Under VMS, access checks are done by filename,
907 rather than by bits in the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other
908 protections can be taken into account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes
909 that the stat buffer contains all the necessary information, and
910 passes it, instead of the filespec, to the access-checking routine.
911 It will try to retrieve the filespec using the device name and FID
912 present in the stat buffer, but this works only if you haven't made
913 a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine, because the device
914 name is overwritten with each call. If this warning appears, the
915 name lookup failed, and the access-checking routine gave up and
916 returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access-
917 checking routine knows about the Perl "stat" operator and file
918 tests, so you shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl
919 command; it arises only if some internal code takes stat buffers
920 lightly.)
921 Can't get pipe mailbox device name
923 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a
924 pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.
925 Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
927 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want
928 your mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
929 Can't "goto" into a binary or list expression
931 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
932 binary or list expression. You can't get there from here. The
933 reason for this restriction is that the interpreter would get
934 confused as to how many arguments there are, resulting in stack
935 corruption or crashes. This error occurs in cases such as these:
936 goto F;
938 print do { F: }; # Can't jump into the arguments to print
939 goto G;
941 $x + do { G: $y }; # How is + supposed to get its first operand?
942 Can't "goto" into a "given" block
944 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
945 "given" block. You can't get there from here. See "goto" in
946 perlfunc.
947 Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
949 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
950 foreach loop. You can't get there from here. See "goto" in
951 perlfunc.
952 Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block
954 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look
955 like a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually
956 occurs if you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine,
957 which is a no-no. See "goto" in perlfunc.
958 Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s
960 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval
961 "string" or block.
962 Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback)
964 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of the
965 comparison sub for a sort(), or from a similar callback (such as
966 the reduce() function in List::Util).
967 Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
969 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one
970 subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole
971 cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD
972 routine anyway. See "goto" in perlfunc.
973 Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default
975 (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD
976 signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this
977 signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of
978 child processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value.
979 This situation typically indicates that the parent program under
980 which Perl may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless.
981 Can't kill a non-numeric process ID
983 (F) Process identifiers must be (signed) integers. It is a fatal
984 error to attempt to kill() an undefined, empty-string or otherwise
985 non-numeric process identifier.
986 Can't "last" outside a loop block
988 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current
989 block, except that there's this itty bitty problem called there
990 isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
991 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(),
992 map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the
993 same effect though, because the inner curlies will be considered a
994 block that loops once. See "last" in perlfunc.
995 Can't linearize anonymous symbol table
997 (F) Perl tried to calculate the method resolution order (MRO) of a
998 package, but failed because the package stash has no name.
999 Can't load '%s' for module %s
1001 (F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic
1002 extension. This may either mean that you upgraded your version of
1003 perl to one that is incompatible with your old dynamic extensions
1004 (which is known to happen between major versions of perl), or (more
1005 likely) that your dynamic extension was built against an older
1006 version of the library that is installed on your system. You may
1007 need to rebuild your old dynamic extensions.
1008 Can't localize lexical variable %s
1010 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared
1011 as a lexical variable using "my" or "state". This is not allowed.
1012 If you want to localize a package variable of the same name,
1013 qualify it with the package name.
1014 Can't localize through a reference
1016 (F) You said something like "local $$ref", which Perl can't
1017 currently handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of
1018 whatever $ref pointed to after the scope of the local() is
1019 finished, it can't be sure that $ref will still be a reference.
1020 Can't locate %s
1022 (F) You said to "do" (or "require", or "use") a file that couldn't
1023 be found. Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned
1024 in @INC, unless the file name included the full path to the file.
1025 Perhaps you need to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment
1026 variable to say where the extra library is, or maybe the script
1027 needs to add the library name to @INC. Or maybe you just
1028 misspelled the name of the file. See "require" in perlfunc and
1029 lib.
1030 Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
1032 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows
1033 autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable
1034 causes are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to
1035 "AutoSplit" the file, say, by doing "make install".
1036 Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC
1038 (F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library,
1039 like for example, foo.so or bar.dll, but the DynaLoader module was
1040 unable to locate this library. See DynaLoader.
1041 Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
1043 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a
1044 package functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define
1045 that particular method, nor does any of its base classes. See
1046 perlobj.
1047 Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s" (perhaps you forgot to
1049 load "%s"?)
1050 (F) You called a method on a class that did not exist, and the
1051 method could not be found in UNIVERSAL. This often means that a
1052 method requires a package that has not been loaded.
1053 Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
1055 (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package
1056 that doesn't seem to exist.
1057 Can't locate PerlIO%s
1059 (F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
1060 e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
1061 Can't make list assignment to %ENV on this system
1063 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems,
1064 notably VMS.
1065 Can't make loaded symbols global on this platform while loading %s
1067 (S) A module passed the flag 0x01 to DynaLoader::dl_load_file() to
1068 request that symbols from the stated file are made available
1069 globally within the process, but that functionality is not
1070 available on this platform. Whilst the module likely will still
1071 work, this may prevent the perl interpreter from loading other XS-
1072 based extensions which need to link directly to functions defined
1073 in the C or XS code in the stated file.
1074 Can't modify %s in %s
1076 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or
1077 otherwise try to change it, such as with an auto-increment.
1078 Can't modify nonexistent substring
1080 (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was
1081 handed a NULL.
1082 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call of &%s
1084 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call of &%s in %s
1085 (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be
1086 declared as such. See "Lvalue subroutines" in perlsub.
1087 Can't modify reference to %s in %s assignment
1089 (F) Only a limited number of constructs can be used as the argument
1090 to a reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment,
1091 and what you used was not one of them. See "Assigning to
1092 References" in perlref.
1093 Can't modify reference to localized parenthesized array in list
1095 assignment
1096 (F) Assigning to "\local(@array)" or "\(local @array)" is not
1097 supported, as it is not clear exactly what it should do. If you
1098 meant to make @array refer to some other array, use "\@array =
1099 \@other_array". If you want to make the elements of @array aliases
1100 of the scalars referenced on the right-hand side, use "\(@array) =
1101 @scalar_refs".
1102 Can't modify reference to parenthesized hash in list assignment
1104 (F) Assigning to "\(%hash)" is not supported. If you meant to make
1105 %hash refer to some other hash, use "\%hash = \%other_hash". If
1106 you want to make the elements of %hash into aliases of the scalars
1107 referenced on the right-hand side, use a hash slice: "\@hash{@keys}
1108 = @those_scalar_refs".
1109 Can't msgrcv to read-only var
1111 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a
1112 receive buffer.
1113 Can't "next" outside a loop block
1115 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block,
1116 but there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block
1117 doesn't count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to
1118 sort(), map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get
1119 the same effect though, because the inner curlies will be
1120 considered a block that loops once. See "next" in perlfunc.
1121 Can't open %s: %s
1123 (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the "<>"
1124 filehandle, either implicitly under the "-n" or "-p" command-line
1125 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually
1126 this is because you don't have read permission for a file which you
1127 named on the command line.
1128 (F) You tried to call perl with the -e switch, but /dev/null (or
1130 your operating system's equivalent) could not be opened.
1131 Can't open a reference
1133 (W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing,
1134 using the 3-arg open() syntax:
1135 open FH, '>', $ref;
1137 but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form
1139 of open is not supported.
1140 Can't open bidirectional pipe
1142 (W pipe) You tried to say "open(CMD, "|cmd|")", which is not
1143 supported. You can try any of several modules in the Perl library
1144 to do this, such as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's
1145 output to a file using ">", and then read it in under a different
1146 file handle.
1147 Can't open error file %s as stderr
1149 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1150 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or
1151 '2>>' on the command line for writing.
1152 Can't open input file %s as stdin
1154 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1155 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the
1156 command line for reading.
1157 Can't open output file %s as stdout
1159 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1160 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>'
1161 on the command line for writing.
1162 Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
1164 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1165 redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data
1166 destined for stdout.
1167 Can't open perl script "%s": %s
1169 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated
1170 reason.
1171 If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on
1173 the shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that
1174 search, so you don't have to type the path or "`which
1175 $scriptname`".
1176 Can't read CRTL environ
1178 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of
1179 %ENV from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the
1180 array was missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL
1181 misplaced its environ or define PERL_ENV_TABLES (see perlvms) so
1182 that environ is not searched.
1183 Can't redeclare "%s" in "%s"
1185 (F) A "my", "our" or "state" declaration was found within another
1186 declaration, such as "my ($x, my($y), $z)" or "our (my $x)".
1187 Can't "redo" outside a loop block
1189 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block,
1190 but there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block
1191 doesn't count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to
1192 sort(), map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get
1193 the same effect though, because the inner curlies will be
1194 considered a block that loops once. See "redo" in perlfunc.
1195 Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file
1197 (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup
1198 file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it
1199 with the modified file. The file was left unmodified.
1200 Can't rename in-place work file '%s' to '%s': %s
1202 (F) When closed implicitly, the temporary file for in-place editing
1203 couldn't be renamed to the original filename.
1204 Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
1206 (F) The rename done by the -i switch failed for some reason,
1207 probably because you don't have write permission to the directory.
1208 Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
1210 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and
1211 tried to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
1212 Can't represent character for Ox%X on this platform
1214 (F) There is a hard limit to how big a character code point can be
1215 due to the fundamental properties of UTF-8, especially on EBCDIC
1216 platforms. The given code point exceeds that. The only work-
1217 around is to not use such a large code point.
1218 Can't reset %ENV on this system
1220 (F) You called "reset('E')" or similar, which tried to reset all
1221 variables in the current package beginning with "E". In the main
1222 package, that includes %ENV. Resetting %ENV is not supported on
1223 some systems, notably VMS.
1224 Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
1226 (F)(P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as
1227 opposed to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the
1228 package. If the method name is "???", this is an internal error.
1229 Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
1231 (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as
1232 temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue.
1233 This is not allowed.
1234 Can't return outside a subroutine
1236 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is,
1237 where there was no subroutine call to return out of. See perlsub.
1238 Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context
1240 (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue
1241 subroutine, but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl
1242 think you meant to return only one value. You probably meant to
1243 write parentheses around the call to the subroutine, which tell
1244 Perl that the call should be in list context.
1245 Can't stat script "%s"
1247 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you
1248 have it open already. Bizarre.
1249 Can't take log of %g
1251 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
1252 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that
1253 comes standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for
1254 the negative numbers.
1255 Can't take sqrt of %g
1257 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
1258 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
1259 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
1260 Can't undef active subroutine
1262 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You
1263 can, however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even
1264 undef the redefined subroutine while the old routine is running.
1265 Go figure.
1266 Can't unweaken a nonreference
1268 (F) You attempted to unweaken something that was not a reference.
1269 Only references can be unweakened.
1270 Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d
1272 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making
1273 it into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types
1274 are so specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted.
1275 This message indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
1276 Can't use '%c' after -mname
1278 (F) You tried to call perl with the -m switch, but you put
1279 something other than "=" after the module name.
1280 Can't use a hash as a reference
1282 (F) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in "%foo->{"bar"}"
1283 or "%$ref->{"hello"}". Versions of perl <= 5.22.0 used to allow
1284 this syntax, but shouldn't have. This was deprecated in perl
1285 5.6.1.
1286 Can't use an array as a reference
1288 (F) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in "@foo->[23]" or
1289 "@$ref->[99]". Versions of perl <= 5.22.0 used to allow this
1290 syntax, but shouldn't have. This was deprecated in perl 5.6.1.
1291 Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
1293 (F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a
1294 symbol table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become
1295 anonymous for example by undefining stashes: "undef
1296 %Some::Package::".
1297 Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
1299 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference
1300 must be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious
1301 errors.
1302 Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1304 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1305 references are disallowed. See perlref.
1306 Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available
1308 (F) The first time the "%!" hash is used, perl automatically loads
1309 the Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %!
1310 hash to provide symbolic names for $! errno values.
1311 Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s
1313 (F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-
1314 endian byte-order at the same time, so this combination of
1315 modifiers is not allowed. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1316 Can't use 'defined(@array)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)
1318 (F) defined() is not useful on arrays because it checks for an
1319 undefined scalar value. If you want to see if the array is empty,
1320 just use "if (@array) { # not empty }" for example.
1321 Can't use 'defined(%hash)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)
1323 (F) "defined()" is not usually right on hashes.
1324 Although "defined %hash" is false on a plain not-yet-used hash, it
1326 becomes true in several non-obvious circumstances, including
1327 iterators, weak references, stash names, even remaining true after
1328 "undef %hash". These things make "defined %hash" fairly useless in
1329 practice, so it now generates a fatal error.
1330 If a check for non-empty is what you wanted then just put it in
1332 boolean context (see "Scalar values" in perldata):
1333 if (%hash) {
1335 # not empty
1336 }
1337 If you had "defined %Foo::Bar::QUUX" to check whether such a
1339 package variable exists then that's never really been reliable, and
1340 isn't a good way to enquire about the features of a package, or
1341 whether it's loaded, etc.
1342 Can't use %s for loop variable
1344 (P) The parser got confused when trying to parse a "foreach" loop.
1345 Can't use global %s in "%s"
1347 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable.
1348 This is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one
1349 location (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly
1350 confusing to have variables in your program that looked like
1351 magical variables but weren't.
1352 Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s
1354 (F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type that is
1355 already inside a group with a byte-order modifier. For example you
1356 cannot force little-endianness on a type that is inside a big-
1357 endian group.
1358 Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
1360 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort
1361 comparisons. You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or
1362 cmp operator, and the variable had earlier been declared as a
1363 lexical variable. Either qualify the sort variable with the
1364 package name, or rename the lexical variable.
1365 Can't use %s ref as %s ref
1367 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference
1368 a reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
1369 test the type of the reference, if need be.
1370 Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1372 Can't use string ("%s"...) as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1373 (F) You've told Perl to dereference a string, something which "use
1374 strict" blocks to prevent it happening accidentally. See "Symbolic
1375 references" in perlref. This can be triggered by an "@" or "$" in
1376 a double-quoted string immediately before interpolating a variable,
1377 for example in "user @$twitter_id", which says to treat the
1378 contents of $twitter_id as an array reference; use a "\" to have a
1379 literal "@" symbol followed by the contents of $twitter_id: "user
1380 \@$twitter_id".
1381 Can't use subscript on %s
1383 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
1384 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
1385 didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else
1386 subscriptable.
1387 Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
1389 (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator
1390 that creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to
1391 indicate a backreference to a matched substring is valid only as
1392 part of a regular expression pattern. Trying to do this in
1393 ordinary Perl code produces a value that prints out looking like
1394 SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form instead.
1395 Can't weaken a nonreference
1397 (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference.
1398 Only references can be weakened.
1399 Can't "when" outside a topicalizer
1401 (F) You have used a when() block that is neither inside a "foreach"
1402 loop nor a "given" block. (Note that this error is issued on exit
1403 from the "when" block, so you won't get the error if the match
1404 fails, or if you use an explicit "continue".)
1405 Can't x= to read-only value
1407 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined
1408 value) with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the
1409 value itself. Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary,
1410 and repeat that.
1411 Character following "\c" must be printable ASCII
1413 (F) In "\cX", X must be a printable (non-control) ASCII character.
1414 Note that ASCII characters that don't map to control characters are
1416 discouraged, and will generate the warning (when enabled) ""\c%c"
1417 is more clearly written simply as "%s"".
1418 Character following \%c must be '{' or a single-character Unicode
1420 property name in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1421 (F) (In the above the %c is replaced by either "p" or "P".) You
1422 specified something that isn't a legal Unicode property name. Most
1423 Unicode properties are specified by "\p{...}". But if the name is
1424 a single character one, the braces may be omitted.
1425 Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack
1427 (W pack) You said
1428 pack("C", $x)
1430 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the "C" format is
1432 only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII,
1433 EBCDIC, and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved
1434 as if you meant
1435 pack("C", $x & 255)
1437 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the "U" format
1439 instead.
1440 Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack
1442 (W pack) You said
1443 pack("c", $x)
1445 where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the "c" format
1447 is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII,
1448 EBCDIC, and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved
1449 as if you meant
1450 pack("c", $x & 255);
1452 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the "U" format
1454 instead.
1455 Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1457 (W unpack) You tried something like
1458 unpack("H", "\x{2a1}")
1460 where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a
1462 value below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl
1463 uses the value modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1464 unpack("H", "\x{a1}")
1466 Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack
1468 (W pack) You said
1469 pack("U0W", $x)
1471 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255. However,
1473 "U0"-mode expects all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so
1474 Perl behaved as if you meant:
1475 pack("U0W", $x & 255)
1477 Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack
1479 (W pack) You tried something like
1480 pack("u", "\x{1f3}b")
1482 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character
1484 with a value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher
1485 value. Perl uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if
1486 you had provided:
1487 pack("u", "\x{f3}b")
1489 Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1491 (W unpack) You tried something like
1492 unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b")
1494 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character
1496 with a value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher
1497 value. Perl uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if
1498 you had provided:
1499 unpack("s", "\x{f3}b")
1501 charnames alias definitions may not contain a sequence of multiple
1503 spaces; marked by <-- HERE in %s
1504 (F) You defined a character name which had multiple space
1505 characters in a row. Change them to single spaces. Usually these
1506 names are defined in the ":alias" import argument to "use
1507 charnames", but they could be defined by a translator installed
1508 into $^H{charnames}. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in charnames.
1509 charnames alias definitions may not contain trailing white-space;
1511 marked by <-- HERE in %s
1512 (F) You defined a character name which ended in a space character.
1513 Remove the trailing space(s). Usually these names are defined in
1514 the ":alias" import argument to "use charnames", but they could be
1515 defined by a translator installed into $^H{charnames}. See "CUSTOM
1516 ALIASES" in charnames.
1517 chdir() on unopened filehandle %s
1519 (W unopened) You tried chdir() on a filehandle that was never
1520 opened.
1521 "\c%c" is more clearly written simply as "%s"
1523 (W syntax) The "\cX" construct is intended to be a way to specify
1524 non-printable characters. You used it for a printable one, which
1525 is better written as simply itself, perhaps preceded by a backslash
1526 for non-word characters. Doing it the way you did is not portable
1527 between ASCII and EBCDIC platforms.
1528 Cloning substitution context is unimplemented
1530 (F) Creating a new thread inside the "s///" operator is not
1531 supported.
1532 closedir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
1534 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to close is either closed or not
1535 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
1536 close() on unopened filehandle %s
1538 (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
1539 Closure prototype called
1541 (F) If a closure has attributes, the subroutine passed to an
1542 attribute handler is the prototype that is cloned when a new
1543 closure is created. This subroutine cannot be called.
1544 \C no longer supported in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1546 (F) The \C character class used to allow a match of single byte
1547 within a multi-byte utf-8 character, but was removed in v5.24 as it
1548 broke encapsulation and its implementation was extremely buggy. If
1549 you really need to process the individual bytes, you probably want
1550 to convert your string to one where each underlying byte is stored
1551 as a character, with utf8::encode().
1552 Code missing after '/'
1554 (F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be
1555 another template code following the slash. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1556 Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, and not portable
1558 (S non_unicode) You had a code point that has never been in any
1559 standard, so it is likely that languages other than Perl will NOT
1560 understand it. At one time, it was legal in some standards to have
1561 code points up to 0x7FFF_FFFF, but not higher, and this code point
1562 is higher.
1563 Acceptance of these code points is a Perl extension, and you should
1565 expect that nothing other than Perl can handle them; Perl itself on
1566 EBCDIC platforms before v5.24 does not handle them.
1567 Code points above 0xFFFF_FFFF require larger than a 32 bit word.
1569 Perl also makes no guarantees that the representation of these code
1571 points won't change at some point in the future, say when machines
1572 become available that have larger than a 64-bit word. At that
1573 time, files written by an older Perl would require conversion
1574 before being readable by a newer Perl.
1575 Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, may not be portable
1577 (S non_unicode) You had a code point above the Unicode maximum of
1578 U+10FFFF.
1579 Perl allows strings to contain a superset of Unicode code points,
1581 but these may not be accepted by other languages/systems. Further,
1582 even if these languages/systems accept these large code points,
1583 they may have chosen a different representation for them than the
1584 UTF-8-like one that Perl has, which would mean files are not
1585 exchangeable between them and Perl.
1586 On EBCDIC platforms, code points above 0x3FFF_FFFF have a different
1588 representation in Perl v5.24 than before, so any file containing
1589 these that was written before that version will require conversion
1590 before being readable by a later Perl.
1591 %s: Command not found
1593 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh or another
1594 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1595 script into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file
1596 could look like
1597 #!/usr/bin/perl
1599 %s: command not found
1601 (A) You've accidentally run your script through bash or another
1602 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1603 script into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file
1604 could look like
1605 #!/usr/bin/perl
1607 %s: command not found: %s
1609 (A) You've accidentally run your script through zsh or another
1610 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1611 script into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file
1612 could look like
1613 #!/usr/bin/perl
1615 Compilation failed in require
1617 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a "require"
1618 statement. Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors
1619 that it encountered were severe enough to halt compilation
1620 immediately.
1621 Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
1623 (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex
1624 situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is
1625 limited to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack
1626 cannot grow arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are
1627 handled without recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try
1628 shortening the string under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g.
1629 with "while") rather than in the regular expression engine; or
1630 rewriting the regular expression so that it is simpler or
1631 backtracks less. (See perlfaq2 for information on Mastering
1632 Regular Expressions.)
1633 connect() on closed socket %s
1635 (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you
1636 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1637 "connect" in perlfunc.
1638 Constant(%s): Call to &{$^H{%s}} did not return a defined value
1640 (F) The subroutine registered to handle constant overloading (see
1641 overload) or a custom charnames handler (see "CUSTOM TRANSLATORS"
1642 in charnames) returned an undefined value.
1643 Constant(%s): $^H{%s} is not defined
1645 (F) The parser found inconsistencies while attempting to define an
1646 overloaded constant. Perhaps you forgot to load the corresponding
1647 overload pragma?
1648 Constant is not %s reference
1650 (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the "use constant"
1651 pragma) is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of
1652 reference. The message indicates the type of reference that was
1653 expected. This usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing
1654 the constant value. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub and
1655 constant.
1656 Constants from lexical variables potentially modified elsewhere are
1658 deprecated. This will not be allowed in Perl 5.32
1659 (D deprecated) You wrote something like
1660 my $var;
1662 $sub = sub () { $var };
1663 but $var is referenced elsewhere and could be modified after the
1665 "sub" expression is evaluated. Either it is explicitly modified
1666 elsewhere ("$var = 3") or it is passed to a subroutine or to an
1667 operator like "printf" or "map", which may or may not modify the
1668 variable.
1669 Traditionally, Perl has captured the value of the variable at that
1671 point and turned the subroutine into a constant eligible for
1672 inlining. In those cases where the variable can be modified
1673 elsewhere, this breaks the behavior of closures, in which the
1674 subroutine captures the variable itself, rather than its value, so
1675 future changes to the variable are reflected in the subroutine's
1676 return value.
1677 This usage is deprecated, and will no longer be allowed in Perl
1679 5.32, making it possible to change the behavior in the future.
1680 If you intended for the subroutine to be eligible for inlining,
1682 then make sure the variable is not referenced elsewhere, possibly
1683 by copying it:
1684 my $var2 = $var;
1686 $sub = sub () { $var2 };
1687 If you do want this subroutine to be a closure that reflects future
1689 changes to the variable that it closes over, add an explicit
1690 "return":
1691 my $var;
1693 $sub = sub () { return $var };
1694 Constant subroutine %s redefined
1696 (W redefine)(S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously
1697 been eligible for inlining. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub
1698 for commentary and workarounds.
1699 Constant subroutine %s undefined
1701 (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been
1702 eligible for inlining. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub for
1703 commentary and workarounds.
1704 Constant(%s) unknown
1706 (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to
1707 define an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character
1708 name specified in the "\N{...}" escape. Perhaps you forgot to load
1709 the corresponding overload pragma?
1710 :const is experimental
1712 (S experimental::const_attr) The "const" attribute is experimental.
1713 If you want to use the feature, disable the warning with "no
1714 warnings 'experimental::const_attr'", but know that in doing so you
1715 are taking the risk that your code may break in a future Perl
1716 version.
1717 :const is not permitted on named subroutines
1719 (F) The "const" attribute causes an anonymous subroutine to be run
1720 and its value captured at the time that it is cloned. Named
1721 subroutines are not cloned like this, so the attribute does not
1722 make sense on them.
1723 Copy method did not return a reference
1725 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See "Copy
1726 Constructor" in overload.
1727 &CORE::%s cannot be called directly
1729 (F) You tried to call a subroutine in the "CORE::" namespace with
1730 &foo syntax or through a reference. Some subroutines in this
1731 package cannot yet be called that way, but must be called as
1732 barewords. Something like this will work:
1733 BEGIN { *shove = \&CORE::push; }
1735 shove @array, 1,2,3; # pushes on to @array
1736 CORE::%s is not a keyword
1738 (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
1739 Corrupted regexp opcode %d > %d
1741 (P) This is either an error in Perl, or, if you're using one, your
1742 custom regular expression engine. If not the latter, report the
1743 problem to <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues>.
1744 corrupted regexp pointers
1746 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
1747 expression compiler gave it.
1748 corrupted regexp program
1750 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program
1751 without a valid magic number.
1752 Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%x at 0x%x
1754 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal
1755 failure.
1756 Count after length/code in unpack
1758 (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string,
1759 but you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See
1760 "pack" in perlfunc.
1761 Declaring references is experimental
1763 (S experimental::declared_refs) This warning is emitted if you use
1764 a reference constructor on the right-hand side of "my", "state",
1765 "our", or "local". Simply suppress the warning if you want to use
1766 the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking the risk of
1767 using an experimental feature which may change or be removed in a
1768 future Perl version:
1769 no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
1771 use feature "declared_refs";
1772 $fooref = my \$foo;
1773 Deep recursion on anonymous subroutine
1775 Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
1776 (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or
1777 indirectly) 100 times more than it has returned. This probably
1778 indicates an infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange
1779 benchmark programs, in which case it indicates something else.
1780 This threshold can be changed from 100, by recompiling the perl
1782 binary, setting the C pre-processor macro "PERL_SUB_DEPTH_WARN" to
1783 the desired value.
1784 (?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
1786 m/%s/
1787 (F) You used something like "(?(DEFINE)...|..)" which is illegal.
1788 The most likely cause of this error is that you left out a
1789 parenthesis inside of the "...." part.
1790 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
1792 problem was discovered.
1793 %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed
1795 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file
1796 there are neither package declarations nor a $VERSION.
1797 delete argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice
1799 (F) The argument to "delete" must be either a hash or array
1800 element, such as:
1801 $foo{$bar}
1803 $ref->{"susie"}[12]
1804 or a hash or array slice, such as:
1806 @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
1808 @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
1809 or a hash key/value or array index/value slice, such as:
1811 %foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
1813 %{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
1814 Delimiter for here document is too long
1816 (F) In a here document construct like "<<FOO", the label "FOO" is
1817 too long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to
1818 write code that triggers this error.
1819 Deprecated use of my() in false conditional. This will be a fatal error
1821 in Perl 5.30
1822 (D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to "my $x if 0".
1823 There has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical
1824 variable not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration
1825 includes a false conditional. Some people have exploited this bug
1826 to achieve a kind of static variable. Since we intend to fix this
1827 bug, we don't want people relying on this behavior. You can
1828 achieve a similar static effect by declaring the variable in a
1829 separate block outside the function, eg
1830 sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
1832 becomes
1834 { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
1836 Beginning with perl 5.10.0, you can also use "state" variables to
1838 have lexicals that are initialized only once (see feature):
1839 sub f { state $x; return $x++ }
1841 This use of "my()" in a false conditional has been deprecated since
1843 Perl 5.10, and it will become a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
1844 DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'
1846 (F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which
1847 is just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort
1848 rather than to create a dangling reference.
1849 Did not produce a valid header
1851 See "500 Server error".
1852 %s did not return a true value
1854 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate
1855 that it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code
1856 correctly. It's traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though
1857 any true value would do. See "require" in perlfunc.
1858 (Did you mean &%s instead?)
1860 (W misc) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as
1861 $FOO or some such.
1862 (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?)
1864 (W shadow) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared
1865 global variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical
1866 scope, which seems superfluous.
1867 (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)
1869 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or
1870 @hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and
1871 got carried away.
1872 Died
1874 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of "die """)
1875 or you called it with no args and $@ was empty.
1876 Document contains no data
1878 See "500 Server error".
1879 %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed
1881 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not
1882 define a $VERSION.
1883 '/' does not take a repeat count
1885 (F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/'
1886 code. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1887 do "%s" failed, '.' is no longer in @INC; did you mean do "./%s"?
1889 (D deprecated) Previously " do "somefile"; " would search the
1890 current directory for the specified file. Since perl v5.26.0, .
1891 has been removed from @INC by default, so this is no longer true.
1892 To search the current directory (and only the current directory)
1893 you can write " do "./somefile"; ".
1894 Don't know how to get file name
1896 (P) "PerlIO_getname", a perl internal I/O function specific to VMS,
1897 was somehow called on another platform. This should not happen.
1898 Don't know how to handle magic of type \%o
1900 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1901 do_study: out of memory
1903 (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
1904 (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
1906 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
1907 message "%s found where operator expected". It often means a
1908 subroutine or module name is being referenced that hasn't been
1909 declared yet. This may be because of ordering problems in your
1910 file, or because of a missing "sub", "package", "require", or "use"
1911 statement. If you're referencing something that isn't defined yet,
1912 you don't actually have to define the subroutine or package before
1913 the current location. You can use an empty "sub foo;" or "package
1914 FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration.
1915 dump() must be written as CORE::dump() as of Perl 5.30
1917 (F) You used the obsolete "dump()" built-in function. That was
1918 deprecated in Perl 5.8.0. As of Perl 5.30 it must be written in
1919 fully qualified format: "CORE::dump()".
1920 See "dump" in perlfunc.
1922 dump is not supported
1924 (F) Your machine doesn't support dump/undump.
1925 Duplicate free() ignored
1927 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
1928 already been freed.
1929 Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s
1931 (W unpack) You have applied the same modifier more than once after
1932 a type in a pack template. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1933 elseif should be elsif
1935 (S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry
1936 thinks it's ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to
1937 call a method named "elseif" for the class returned by the
1938 following block. This is unlikely to be what you want.
1939 Empty \%c in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1941 Empty \%c{}
1942 Empty \%c{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1943 (F) You used something like "\b{}", "\B{}", "\o{}", "\p", "\P", or
1944 "\x" without specifying anything for it to operate on.
1945 Unfortunately, for backwards compatibility reasons, an empty "\x"
1947 is legal outside "use re 'strict'" and expands to a NUL character.
1948 Empty (?) without any modifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1950 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'") "(?)" does nothing, so
1951 perhaps this is a typo.
1952 ${^ENCODING} is no longer supported
1954 (F) The special variable "${^ENCODING}", formerly used to implement
1955 the "encoding" pragma, is no longer supported as of Perl 5.26.0.
1956 Setting it to anything other than "undef" is a fatal error as of
1958 Perl 5.28.
1959 entering effective %s failed
1961 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, switching the real and
1962 effective uids or gids failed.
1963 %ENV is aliased to %s
1965 (F) You're running under taint mode, and the %ENV variable has been
1966 aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of
1967 the program's environment. This is potentially insecure.
1968 Error converting file specification %s
1970 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with
1971 file specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them
1972 to a single form when it must operate on them directly. Either
1973 you've passed an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've
1974 found a case the conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
1975 Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1977 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
1978 expression that contains the "(?{ ... })" zero-width assertion,
1979 which is unsafe. See "(?{ code })" in perlre, and perlsec.
1980 Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/
1982 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the "(?{
1983 ... })" zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the
1984 pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security
1985 risk, it is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by
1986 using the "re 'eval'" pragma or by explicitly building the pattern
1987 from an interpolated string at run time and using that in an
1988 eval(). See "(?{ code })" in perlre.
1989 Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/
1991 (F) A regular expression contained the "(?{ ... })" zero-width
1992 assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the "use re
1993 'eval'" pragma is in effect. See "(?{ code })" in perlre.
1994 EVAL without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
1996 m/%s/
1997 (F) You used a pattern that nested too many EVAL calls without
1998 consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so that text is
1999 consumed.
2000 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2002 problem was discovered.
2003 Excessively long <> operator
2005 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size
2006 of a Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
2007 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into
2008 a variable and glob that.
2009 exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system
2011 (F) The "exec" function is not implemented on some systems, e.g.,
2012 Symbian OS. See perlport.
2013 %sExecution of %s aborted due to compilation errors.
2015 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
2016 exists argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine
2018 (F) The argument to "exists" must be a hash or array element or a
2019 subroutine with an ampersand, such as:
2020 $foo{$bar}
2022 $ref->{"susie"}[12]
2023 &do_something
2024 exists argument is not a subroutine name
2026 (F) The argument to "exists" for "exists &sub" must be a subroutine
2027 name, and not a subroutine call. "exists &sub()" will generate
2028 this error.
2029 Exiting eval via %s
2031 (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such
2032 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2033 Exiting format via %s
2035 (W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such
2036 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2037 Exiting pseudo-block via %s
2039 (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like
2040 a sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a
2041 goto, or a loop control statement. See "sort" in perlfunc.
2042 Exiting subroutine via %s
2044 (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means,
2045 such as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2046 Exiting substitution via %s
2048 (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means,
2049 such as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
2050 Expecting close bracket in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2052 (F) You wrote something like
2053 (?13
2055 to denote a capturing group of the form "(?PARNO)", but omitted the
2057 ")".
2058 Expecting close paren for nested extended charclass in regex; marked by
2060 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2061 (F) While parsing a nested extended character class like:
2062 (?[ ... (?flags:(?[ ... ])) ... ])
2064 ^
2065 we expected to see a close paren ')' (marked by ^) but did not.
2067 Expecting close paren for wrapper for nested extended charclass in
2069 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2070 (F) While parsing a nested extended character class like:
2071 (?[ ... (?flags:(?[ ... ])) ... ])
2073 ^
2074 we expected to see a close paren ')' (marked by ^) but did not.
2076 Expecting '(?flags:(?[...' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2078 (F) The "(?[...])" extended character class regular expression
2079 construct only allows character classes (including character class
2080 escapes like "\d"), operators, and parentheses. The one exception
2081 is "(?flags:...)" containing at least one flag and exactly one
2082 "(?[...])" construct. This allows a regular expression containing
2083 just "(?[...])" to be interpolated. If you see this error message,
2084 then you probably have some other "(?...)" construct inside your
2085 character class. See "Extended Bracketed Character Classes" in
2086 perlrecharclass.
2087 Experimental aliasing via reference not enabled
2089 (F) To do aliasing via references, you must first enable the
2090 feature:
2091 no warnings "experimental::refaliasing";
2093 use feature "refaliasing";
2094 \$x = \$y;
2095 Experimental %s on scalar is now forbidden
2097 (F) An experimental feature added in Perl 5.14 allowed "each",
2098 "keys", "push", "pop", "shift", "splice", "unshift", and "values"
2099 to be called with a scalar argument. This experiment is considered
2100 unsuccessful, and has been removed. The "postderef" feature may
2101 meet your needs better.
2102 Experimental subroutine signatures not enabled
2104 (F) To use subroutine signatures, you must first enable them:
2105 no warnings "experimental::signatures";
2107 use feature "signatures";
2108 sub foo ($left, $right) { ... }
2109 Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
2111 (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string.
2112 This has the effect of blessing the reference into the package
2113 main. This is usually not what you want. Consider providing a
2114 default target package, e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');
2115 %s: Expression syntax
2117 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
2118 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
2119 yourself.
2120 %s failed--call queue aborted
2122 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a UNITCHECK,
2123 CHECK, INIT, or END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the
2124 queue of such routines has been prematurely ended.
2125 Failed to close in-place work file %s: %s
2127 (F) Closing an output file from in-place editing, as with the "-i"
2128 command-line switch, failed.
2129 False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2131 (W regexp)(F) A character class range must start and end at a
2132 literal character, not another character class like "\d" or
2133 "[:alpha:]". The "-" in your false range is interpreted as a
2134 literal "-". In a "(?[...])" construct, this is an error, rather
2135 than a warning. Consider quoting the "-", "\-". The <-- HERE
2136 shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
2137 discovered. See perlre.
2138 Fatal VMS error (status=%d) at %s, line %d
2140 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS
2141 system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide
2142 more details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line
2143 %d" tell you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.
2144 fcntl is not implemented
2146 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is
2147 this, a PDP-11 or something?
2148 FETCHSIZE returned a negative value
2150 (F) A tied array claimed to have a negative number of elements,
2151 which is not possible.
2152 Field too wide in 'u' format in pack
2154 (W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string starts with a length
2155 indicator which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point
2156 in asking for a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as
2157 if you specified "u63" as the format.
2158 File::Glob::glob() will disappear in perl 5.30. Use
2160 File::Glob::bsd_glob() instead.
2161 (D deprecated) "File::Glob" has a function called "glob", which
2162 just calls "bsd_glob". However, its prototype is different from the
2163 prototype of "CORE::glob", and hence, "File::Glob::glob" should not
2164 be used.
2165 "File::Glob::glob()" was deprecated in perl 5.8.0. A deprecation
2167 message was issued from perl 5.26.0 onwards, and the function will
2168 disappear in perl 5.30.0.
2169 Code using "File::Glob::glob()" should call
2171 "File::Glob::bsd_glob()" instead.
2172 Filehandle %s opened only for input
2174 (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you
2175 intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it
2176 with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you
2177 intended only to write the file, use ">" or ">>". See "open" in
2178 perlfunc.
2179 Filehandle %s opened only for output
2181 (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing,
2182 If you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to
2183 open it with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with ">". If you
2184 intended only to read from the file, use "<". See "open" in
2185 perlfunc. Another possibility is that you attempted to open
2186 filedescriptor 0 (also known as STDIN) for output (maybe you closed
2187 STDIN earlier?).
2188 Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input
2190 (W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same
2191 filehandle id as STDOUT or STDERR. This occurred because you
2192 closed STDOUT or STDERR previously.
2193 Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output
2195 (W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same
2196 filehandle id as STDIN. This occurred because you closed STDIN
2197 previously.
2198 Final $ should be \$ or $name
2200 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant
2201 to be a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable
2202 name that happens to be missing. So you have to put either the
2203 backslash or the name.
2204 flock() on closed filehandle %s
2206 (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself
2207 closed some time before now. Check your control flow. flock()
2208 operates on filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a
2209 dirhandle by the same name?
2210 Format not terminated
2212 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot.
2213 Perl got to the end of your file without finding such a line.
2214 Format %s redefined
2216 (W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
2217 {
2219 no warnings 'redefine';
2220 eval "format NAME =...";
2221 }
2222 Found = in conditional, should be ==
2224 (W syntax) You said
2225 if ($foo = 123)
2227 when you meant
2229 if ($foo == 123)
2231 (or something like that).
2233 %s found where operator expected
2235 (S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an
2236 operator. If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was
2237 expecting to see an operator, it gives you this warning. Usually
2238 it indicates that an operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a
2239 semicolon.
2240 gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
2242 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
2243 gethostent not implemented
2245 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(),
2246 probably because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return
2247 every hostname on the Internet.
2248 get%sname() on closed socket %s
2250 (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a
2251 closed socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your
2252 socket() call?
2253 getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
2255 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to "sys$getuai" underlying
2256 the "getpwnam" operator returned an invalid UIC.
2257 getsockopt() on closed socket %s
2259 (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket.
2260 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
2261 See "getsockopt" in perlfunc.
2262 given is experimental
2264 (S experimental::smartmatch) "given" depends on smartmatch, which
2265 is experimental, so its behavior may change or even be removed in
2266 any future release of perl. See the explanation under
2267 "Experimental Details on given and when" in perlsyn.
2268 Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name (did you forget to
2270 declare "my %s"?)
2271 (F) You've said "use strict" or "use strict vars", which indicates
2272 that all variables must either be lexically scoped (using "my" or
2273 "state"), declared beforehand using "our", or explicitly qualified
2274 to say which package the global variable is in (using "::").
2275 glob failed (%s)
2277 (S glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for
2278 "glob" and "<*.c>". Usually, this means that you supplied a "glob"
2279 pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a
2280 nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit
2281 resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell)
2282 is broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related
2283 variables in config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer
2284 to it as if it were csh (e.g. "full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'");
2285 otherwise, make them all empty (except that "d_csh" should be
2286 'undef') so that Perl will think csh is missing. In either case,
2287 after editing config.sh, run "./Configure -S" and rebuild Perl.
2288 Glob not terminated
2290 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was
2291 expecting a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle
2292 bracket, and not finding it. Chances are you left some needed
2293 parentheses out earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
2294 than".
2295 gmtime(%f) failed
2297 (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that it could not
2298 handle: too large, too small, or NaN. The returned value is
2299 "undef".
2300 gmtime(%f) too large
2302 (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that was larger than
2303 it can reliably handle and "gmtime" probably returned the wrong
2304 date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special not-a-
2305 number value).
2306 gmtime(%f) too small
2308 (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that was smaller
2309 than it can reliably handle and "gmtime" probably returned the
2310 wrong date.
2311 Got an error from DosAllocMem
2313 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an
2314 obsolete version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
2315 goto must have label
2317 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
2318 unspecified destination. See "goto" in perlfunc.
2319 Goto undefined subroutine%s
2321 (F) You tried to call a subroutine with "goto &sub" syntax, but the
2322 indicated subroutine hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has
2323 since been undefined.
2324 Group name must start with a non-digit word character in regex; marked
2326 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2327 (F) Group names must follow the rules for perl identifiers, meaning
2328 they must start with a non-digit word character. A common cause of
2329 this error is using (?&0) instead of (?0). See perlre.
2330 ()-group starts with a count
2332 (F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is supposed to follow
2333 something: a template character or a ()-group. See "pack" in
2334 perlfunc.
2335 %s had compilation errors.
2337 (F) The final summary message when a "perl -c" fails.
2338 Had to create %s unexpectedly
2340 (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that
2341 ought to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and
2342 had to be created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
2343 %s has too many errors
2345 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10
2346 errors. Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
2347 Hexadecimal float: exponent overflow
2349 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a larger exponent
2350 than the floating point supports.
2351 Hexadecimal float: exponent underflow
2353 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a smaller exponent
2354 than the floating point supports. With the IEEE 754 floating
2355 point, this may also mean that the subnormals (formerly known as
2356 denormals) are being used, which may or may not be an error.
2357 Hexadecimal float: internal error (%s)
2359 (F) Something went horribly bad in hexadecimal float handling.
2360 Hexadecimal float: mantissa overflow
2362 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point literal had more bits
2363 in the mantissa (the part between the 0x and the exponent, also
2364 known as the fraction or the significand) than the floating point
2365 supports.
2366 Hexadecimal float: precision loss
2368 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point had internally more
2369 digits than could be output. This can be caused by unsupported
2370 long double formats, or by 64-bit integers not being available
2371 (needed to retrieve the digits under some configurations).
2372 Hexadecimal float: unsupported long double format
2374 (F) You have configured Perl to use long doubles but the internals
2375 of the long double format are unknown; therefore the hexadecimal
2376 float output is impossible.
2377 Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
2379 (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than
2380 2**32-1 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems.
2381 See perlport for more on portability concerns.
2382 Identifier too long
2384 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.)
2385 to about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for
2386 compound names (like $A::B). You've exceeded Perl's limits.
2387 Future versions of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary
2388 limitations.
2389 Ignoring zero length \N{} in character class in regex; marked by
2391 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2392 (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a
2393 zero-length sequence. When such an escape is used in a character
2394 class its behavior is not well defined. Check that the correct
2395 escape has been used, and the correct charname handler is in scope.
2396 Illegal binary digit '%c'
2398 (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
2399 Illegal binary digit %s ignored
2401 (W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a
2402 binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before
2403 the offending digit.
2404 Illegal character after '_' in prototype for %s : %s
2406 (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype
2407 declaration. The '_' in a prototype must be followed by a ';',
2408 indicating the rest of the parameters are optional, or one of '@'
2409 or '%', since those two will accept 0 or more final parameters.
2410 Illegal character \%o (carriage return)
2412 (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
2413 would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this
2414 error when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason,
2415 your version of Perl appears to have been built without this
2416 support. Talk to your Perl administrator.
2417 Illegal character following sigil in a subroutine signature
2419 (F) A parameter in a subroutine signature contained an unexpected
2420 character following the "$", "@" or "%" sigil character. Normally
2421 the sigil should be followed by the variable name or "=" etc.
2422 Perhaps you are trying use a prototype while in the scope of "use
2423 feature 'signatures'"? For example:
2424 sub foo ($$) {} # legal - a prototype
2426 use feature 'signatures;
2428 sub foo ($$) {} # illegal - was expecting a signature
2429 sub foo ($a, $b)
2430 :prototype($$) {} # legal
2431 Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s
2433 (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype
2434 declaration. Legal characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [,
2435 ], &, \, and +. Perhaps you were trying to write a subroutine
2436 signature but didn't enable that feature first ("use feature
2437 'signatures'"), so your signature was instead interpreted as a bad
2438 prototype.
2439 Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine
2441 (F) When using the "sub" keyword to construct an anonymous
2442 subroutine, you must always specify a block of code. See perlsub.
2443 Illegal declaration of subroutine %s
2445 (F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See perlsub.
2446 Illegal division by zero
2448 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong
2449 in your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against
2450 meaningless input.
2451 Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored
2453 (W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or
2454 A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the
2455 hexadecimal number stopped before the illegal character.
2456 Illegal modulus zero
2458 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most
2459 numbers don't take to this kindly.
2460 Illegal number of bits in vec
2462 (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a
2463 power of two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).
2464 Illegal octal digit '%c'
2466 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
2467 Illegal octal digit %s ignored
2469 (W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
2470 Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
2471 Illegal operator following parameter in a subroutine signature
2473 (F) A parameter in a subroutine signature, was followed by
2474 something other than "=" introducing a default, "," or ")".
2475 use feature 'signatures';
2477 sub foo ($=1) {} # legal
2478 sub foo ($a = 1) {} # legal
2479 sub foo ($a += 1) {} # illegal
2480 sub foo ($a == 1) {} # illegal
2481 Illegal pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2483 (F) You wrote something like
2484 (?+foo)
2486 The "+" is valid only when followed by digits, indicating a
2488 capturing group. See "(?PARNO)".
2489 Illegal suidscript
2491 (F) The script run under suidperl was somehow illegal.
2492 Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: -%c
2494 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
2495 following switches: -[CDIMUdmtw].
2496 Illegal user-defined property name
2498 (F) You specified a Unicode-like property name in a regular
2499 expression pattern (using "\p{}" or "\P{}") that Perl knows isn't
2500 an official Unicode property, and was likely meant to be a user-
2501 defined property name, but it can't be one of those, as they must
2502 begin with either "In" or "Is". Check the spelling. See also
2503 "Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"".
2504 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
2506 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the
2507 CRTL's internal environ array, and encountered an element without
2508 the "=" delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element
2509 is ignored.
2510 Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
2512 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a
2513 logical name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate
2514 over %ENV, and didn't see the expected delimiter between key and
2515 value, so the line was ignored.
2516 (in cleanup) %s
2518 (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method
2519 raised the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually
2520 called by the system at arbitrary points during execution, and
2521 often a vast number of times, the warning is issued only once for
2522 any number of failures that would otherwise result in the same
2523 message being repeated.
2524 Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the "G_KEEPERR" flag
2526 could also result in this warning. See "G_KEEPERR" in perlcall.
2527 Incomplete expression within '(?[ ])' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2529 m/%s/
2530 (F) There was a syntax error within the "(?[ ])". This can happen
2531 if the expression inside the construct was completely empty, or if
2532 there are too many or few operands for the number of operators.
2533 Perl is not smart enough to give you a more precise indication as
2534 to what is wrong.
2535 Inconsistent hierarchy during C3 merge of class '%s': merging failed on
2537 parent '%s'
2538 (F) The method resolution order (MRO) of the given class is not
2539 C3-consistent, and you have enabled the C3 MRO for this class. See
2540 the C3 documentation in mro for more information.
2541 Indentation on line %d of here-doc doesn't match delimiter
2543 (F) You have an indented here-document where one or more of its
2544 lines have whitespace at the beginning that does not match the
2545 closing delimiter.
2546 For example, line 2 below is wrong because it does not have at
2548 least 2 spaces, but lines 1 and 3 are fine because they have at
2549 least 2:
2550 if ($something) {
2552 print <<~EOF;
2553 Line 1
2554 Line 2 not
2555 Line 3
2556 EOF
2557 }
2558 Note that tabs and spaces are compared strictly, meaning 1 tab will
2560 not match 8 spaces.
2561 Infinite recursion in regex
2563 (F) You used a pattern that references itself without consuming any
2564 input text. You should check the pattern to ensure that recursive
2565 patterns either consume text or fail.
2566 Infinite recursion via empty pattern
2568 (F) You tried to use the empty pattern inside of a regex code
2569 block, for instance "/(?{ s!!! })/", which resulted in re-executing
2570 the same pattern, which is an infinite loop which is broken by
2571 throwing an exception.
2572 Initialization of state variables in list currently forbidden
2574 (F) "state" only permits initializing a single variable, specified
2575 without parentheses. So "state $a = 42" and "state @a = qw(a b c)"
2576 are allowed, but not "state ($a) = 42" or "(state $a) = 42". To
2577 initialize more than one "state" variable, initialize them one at a
2578 time.
2579 %%s[%s] in scalar context better written as $%s[%s]
2581 (W syntax) In scalar context, you've used an array index/value
2582 slice (indicated by %) to select a single element of an array.
2583 Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).
2584 The difference is that $foo[&bar] always behaves like a scalar,
2585 both in the value it returns and when evaluating its argument,
2586 while %foo[&bar] provides a list context to its subscript, which
2587 can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript. When
2588 called in list context, it also returns the index (what &bar
2589 returns) in addition to the value.
2590 %%s{%s} in scalar context better written as $%s{%s}
2592 (W syntax) In scalar context, you've used a hash key/value slice
2593 (indicated by %) to select a single element of a hash. Generally
2594 it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $). The
2595 difference is that $foo{&bar} always behaves like a scalar, both in
2596 the value it returns and when evaluating its argument, while
2597 @foo{&bar} and provides a list context to its subscript, which can
2598 do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript. When
2599 called in list context, it also returns the key in addition to the
2600 value.
2601 Insecure dependency in %s
2603 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't
2604 like. The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running
2605 setuid or setgid, or when you specify -T to turn it on explicitly.
2606 The tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or
2607 indirectly from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your
2608 trust. If any such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you
2609 get this error. See perlsec for more information.
2610 Insecure directory in %s
2612 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2613 setgid script if $ENV{PATH} contains a directory that is writable
2614 by the world. Also, the PATH must not contain any relative
2615 directory. See perlsec.
2616 Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
2618 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2619 setgid script if any of $ENV{PATH}, $ENV{IFS}, $ENV{CDPATH},
2620 $ENV{ENV}, $ENV{BASH_ENV} or $ENV{TERM} are derived from data
2621 supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must
2622 set the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See
2623 perlsec.
2624 Insecure user-defined property %s
2626 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
2627 expression that contains a call to a user-defined character
2628 property function, i.e. "\p{IsFoo}" or "\p{InFoo}". See "User-
2629 Defined Character Properties" in perlunicode and perlsec.
2630 Integer overflow in format string for %s
2632 (F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of
2633 "printf()" or "sprintf()" are too large. The numbers must not
2634 overflow the size of integers for your architecture.
2635 Integer overflow in %s number
2637 (S overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have
2638 specified either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct()
2639 is too big for your architecture, and has been converted to a
2640 floating point number. On a 32-bit architecture the largest
2641 hexadecimal, octal or binary number representable without overflow
2642 is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or 0b11111111111111111111111111111111
2643 respectively. Note that Perl transparently promotes all numbers to
2644 a floating point representation internally--subject to loss of
2645 precision errors in subsequent operations.
2646 Integer overflow in srand
2648 (S overflow) The number you have passed to srand is too big to fit
2649 in your architecture's integer representation. The number has been
2650 replaced with the largest integer supported (0xFFFFFFFF on 32-bit
2651 architectures). This means you may be getting less randomness than
2652 you expect, because different random seeds above the maximum will
2653 return the same sequence of random numbers.
2654 Integer overflow in version
2656 Integer overflow in version %d
2657 (W overflow) Some portion of a version initialization is too large
2658 for the size of integers for your architecture. This is not a
2659 warning because there is no rational reason for a version to try
2660 and use an element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually
2661 caused by trying to use some odd mathematical operation as a
2662 version, like 100/9.
2663 Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2665 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
2666 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2667 problem was discovered.
2668 Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
2670 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of
2671 times you've called "fork" and "exec", to determine whether the
2672 current call to "exec" should affect the current script or a
2673 subprocess (see "exec LIST" in perlvms). Somehow, this count has
2674 become scrambled, so Perl is making a guess and treating this
2675 "exec" as a request to terminate the Perl script and execute the
2676 specified command.
2677 internal %<num>p might conflict with future printf extensions
2679 (S internal) Perl's internal routine that handles "printf" and
2680 "sprintf" formatting follows a slightly different set of rules when
2681 called from C or XS code. Specifically, formats consisting of
2682 digits followed by "p" (e.g., "%7p") are reserved for future use.
2683 If you see this message, then an XS module tried to call that
2684 routine with one such reserved format.
2685 Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2687 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser.
2688 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2689 problem was discovered.
2690 %s (...) interpreted as function
2692 (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list
2693 operator followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all
2694 the list operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See
2695 "Terms and List Operators (Leftward)" in perlop.
2696 In '(?...)', the '(' and '?' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2698 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2699 (F) The two-character sequence "(?" in this context in a regular
2700 expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2701 intervening between the "(" and the "?", but you separated them
2702 with whitespace.
2703 In '(*...)', the '(' and '*' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2705 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2706 (F) The two-character sequence "(*" in this context in a regular
2707 expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2708 intervening between the "(" and the "*", but you separated them.
2709 Fix the pattern and retry.
2710 Invalid %s attribute: %s
2712 (F) The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not
2713 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See attributes.
2714 Invalid %s attributes: %s
2716 (F) The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not
2717 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See attributes.
2718 Invalid character in charnames alias definition; marked by <-- HERE in
2720 '%s
2721 (F) You tried to create a custom alias for a character name, with
2722 the ":alias" option to "use charnames" and the specified character
2723 in the indicated name isn't valid. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in
2724 charnames.
2725 Invalid \0 character in %s for %s: %s\0%s
2727 (W syscalls) Embedded \0 characters in pathnames or other system
2728 call arguments produce a warning as of 5.20. The parts after the
2729 \0 were formerly ignored by system calls.
2730 Invalid character in \N{...}; marked by <-- HERE in \N{%s}
2732 (F) Only certain characters are valid for character names. The
2733 indicated one isn't. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in charnames.
2734 Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
2736 (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion.
2737 See "sprintf" in perlfunc.
2738 Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regex; marked by <-- HERE
2740 in m/%s/
2741 (W regexp)(F) The numeric escape (for example "\xHH") of value <
2742 256 didn't correspond to a single character through the conversion
2743 from the encoding specified by the encoding pragma. The escape was
2744 replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (U+FFFD) instead, except within
2745 "(?[ ])", where it is a fatal error. The <-- HERE shows
2746 whereabouts in the regular expression the escape was discovered.
2747 Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...}
2749 Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2750 m/%s/
2751 (F) The character constant represented by "..." is not a valid
2752 hexadecimal number. Either it is empty, or you tried to use a
2753 character other than 0 - 9 or A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number.
2754 Invalid module name %s with -%c option: contains single ':'
2756 (F) The module argument to perl's -m and -M command-line options
2757 cannot contain single colons in the module name, but only in the
2758 arguments after "=". In other words, -MFoo::Bar=:baz is ok, but
2759 -MFoo:Bar=baz is not.
2760 Invalid mro name: '%s'
2762 (F) You tried to "mro::set_mro("classname", "foo")" or "use mro
2763 'foo'", where "foo" is not a valid method resolution order (MRO).
2764 Currently, the only valid ones supported are "dfs" and "c3", unless
2765 you have loaded a module that is a MRO plugin. See mro and
2766 perlmroapi.
2767 Invalid negative number (%s) in chr
2769 (W utf8) You passed a negative number to "chr". Negative numbers
2770 are not valid character numbers, so it returns the Unicode
2771 replacement character (U+FFFD).
2772 Invalid number '%s' for -C option.
2774 (F) You supplied a number to the -C option that either has extra
2775 leading zeroes or overflows perl's unsigned integer representation.
2776 invalid option -D%c, use -D'' to see choices
2778 (S debugging) Perl was called with invalid debugger flags. Call
2779 perl with the -D option with no flags to see the list of acceptable
2780 values. See also "-Dletters" in perlrun.
2781 Invalid quantifier in {,} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2783 (F) The pattern looks like a {min,max} quantifier, but the min or
2784 max could not be parsed as a valid number - either it has leading
2785 zeroes, or it represents too big a number to cope with. The
2786 <-- HERE shows where in the regular expression the problem was
2787 discovered. See perlre.
2788 Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2790 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum
2791 character greater than the maximum character. One possibility is
2792 that you forgot the "{}" from your ending "\x{}" - "\x" without the
2793 curly braces can go only up to "ff". The <-- HERE shows
2794 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
2795 See perlre.
2796 Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator
2798 (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
2799 character greater than the maximum character. See perlop.
2800 Invalid separator character %s in attribute list
2802 (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the
2803 elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a
2804 parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too
2805 soon. See attributes.
2806 Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s
2808 (W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something
2809 other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a
2810 layer list. If the previous attribute had a parenthesised
2811 parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
2812 Invalid strict version format (%s)
2814 (F) A version number did not meet the "strict" criteria for
2815 versions. A "strict" version number is a positive decimal number
2816 (integer or decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a
2817 dotted-decimal v-string with a leading 'v' character and at least
2818 three components. The parenthesized text indicates which criteria
2819 were not met. See the version module for more details on allowed
2820 version formats.
2821 Invalid type '%s' in %s
2823 (F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type. See
2824 "pack" in perlfunc.
2825 (W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used
2827 to be silently ignored.
2828 Invalid version format (%s)
2830 (F) A version number did not meet the "lax" criteria for versions.
2831 A "lax" version number is a positive decimal number (integer or
2832 decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a dotted-decimal
2833 v-string. If the v-string has fewer than three components, it must
2834 have a leading 'v' character. Otherwise, the leading 'v' is
2835 optional. Both decimal and dotted-decimal versions may have a
2836 trailing "alpha" component separated by an underscore character
2837 after a fractional or dotted-decimal component. The parenthesized
2838 text indicates which criteria were not met. See the version module
2839 for more details on allowed version formats.
2840 Invalid version object
2842 (F) The internal structure of the version object was invalid.
2843 Perhaps the internals were modified directly in some way or an
2844 arbitrary reference was blessed into the "version" class.
2845 In '(*VERB...)', the '(' and '*' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2847 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2848 (F) The two-character sequence "(*" in this context in a regular
2849 expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2850 intervening between the "(" and the "*", but you separated them.
2851 ioctl is not implemented
2853 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is
2854 pretty strange for a machine that supports C.
2855 ioctl() on unopened %s
2857 (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never
2858 opened. Check your control flow and number of arguments.
2859 IO layers (like '%s') unavailable
2861 (F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore
2862 you cannot use IO layers. To have PerlIO, Perl must be configured
2863 with 'useperlio'.
2864 IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture
2866 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,
2867 neither as a system call nor an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).
2868 '%s' is an unknown bound type in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2870 (F) You used "\b{...}" or "\B{...}" and the "..." is not known to
2871 Perl. The current valid ones are given in "\b{}, \b, \B{}, \B" in
2872 perlrebackslash.
2873 %s() isn't allowed on :utf8 handles
2875 (F) The sysread(), recv(), syswrite() and send() operators are not
2876 allowed on handles that have the ":utf8" layer, either explicitly,
2877 or implicitly, eg., with the ":encoding(UTF-16LE)" layer.
2878 Previously sysread() and recv() currently use only the ":utf8" flag
2880 for the stream, ignoring the actual layers. Since sysread() and
2881 recv() did no UTF-8 validation they can end up creating invalidly
2882 encoded scalars.
2883 Similarly, syswrite() and send() used only the ":utf8" flag,
2885 otherwise ignoring any layers. If the flag is set, both wrote the
2886 value UTF-8 encoded, even if the layer is some different encoding,
2887 such as the example above.
2888 Ideally, all of these operators would completely ignore the ":utf8"
2890 state, working only with bytes, but this would result in silently
2891 breaking existing code.
2892 "%s" is more clearly written simply as "%s" in regex; marked by
2894 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2895 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
2896 You specified a character that has the given plainer way of writing
2898 it, and which is also portable to platforms running with different
2899 character sets.
2900 $* is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30
2902 (F) The special variable $*, deprecated in older perls, was removed
2903 in 5.10.0, is no longer supported and is a fatal error as of Perl
2904 5.30. In previous versions of perl the use of $* enabled or
2905 disabled multi-line matching within a string.
2906 Instead of using $* you should use the "/m" (and maybe "/s") regexp
2908 modifiers. You can enable "/m" for a lexical scope (even a whole
2909 file) with "use re '/m'". (In older versions: when $* was set to a
2910 true value then all regular expressions behaved as if they were
2911 written using "/m".)
2912 Use of this variable will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
2914 $# is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30
2916 (F) The special variable $#, deprecated in older perls, was removed
2917 as of 5.10.0, is no longer supported and is a fatal error as of
2918 Perl 5.30. You should use the printf/sprintf functions instead.
2919 '%s' is not a code reference
2921 (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of
2922 overload::constant needs to be a code reference. Either an
2923 anonymous subroutine, or a reference to a subroutine.
2924 '%s' is not an overloadable type
2926 (W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload
2927 package is unaware of.
2928 -i used with no filenames on the command line, reading from STDIN
2930 (S inplace) The "-i" option was passed on the command line,
2931 indicating that the script is intended to edit files in place, but
2932 no files were given. This is usually a mistake, since editing
2933 STDIN in place doesn't make sense, and can be confusing because it
2934 can make perl look like it is hanging when it is really just trying
2935 to read from STDIN. You should either pass a filename to edit, or
2936 remove "-i" from the command line. See perlrun for more details.
2937 Junk on end of regexp in regex m/%s/
2939 (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
2940 Label not found for "last %s"
2942 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a
2943 loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called
2944 from. See "last" in perlfunc.
2945 Label not found for "next %s"
2947 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a
2948 loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called
2949 from. See "last" in perlfunc.
2950 Label not found for "redo %s"
2952 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop
2953 of that name, not even if you count where you were called from.
2954 See "last" in perlfunc.
2955 leaving effective %s failed
2957 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, switching the real and
2958 effective uids or gids failed.
2959 length/code after end of string in unpack
2961 (F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an
2962 unpack length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This
2963 results in an undefined value for the length. See "pack" in
2964 perlfunc.
2965 length() used on %s (did you mean "scalar(%s)"?)
2967 (W syntax) You used length() on either an array or a hash when you
2968 probably wanted a count of the items.
2969 Array size can be obtained by doing:
2971 scalar(@array);
2973 The number of items in a hash can be obtained by doing:
2975 scalar(keys %hash);
2977 Lexing code attempted to stuff non-Latin-1 character into Latin-1 input
2979 (F) An extension is attempting to insert text into the current
2980 parse (using lex_stuff_pvn or similar), but tried to insert a
2981 character that couldn't be part of the current input. This is an
2982 inherent pitfall of the stuffing mechanism, and one of the reasons
2983 to avoid it. Where it is necessary to stuff, stuffing only plain
2984 ASCII is recommended.
2985 Lexing code internal error (%s)
2987 (F) Lexing code supplied by an extension violated the lexer's API
2988 in a detectable way.
2989 listen() on closed socket %s
2991 (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you
2992 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
2993 "listen" in perlfunc.
2994 List form of piped open not implemented
2996 (F) On some platforms, notably Windows, the three-or-more-arguments
2997 form of "open" does not support pipes, such as "open($pipe, '|-',
2998 @args)". Use the two-argument "open($pipe, '|prog arg1 arg2...')"
2999 form instead.
3000 Literal vertical space in [] is illegal except under /x in regex;
3002 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3003 (F) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
3004 Likely you forgot the "/x" modifier or there was a typo in the
3006 pattern. For example, did you really mean to match a form-feed?
3007 If so, all the ASCII vertical space control characters are
3008 representable by escape sequences which won't present such a
3009 jarring appearance as your pattern does when displayed.
3010 \r carriage return
3012 \f form feed
3013 \n line feed
3014 \cK vertical tab
3015 %s: loadable library and perl binaries are mismatched (got handshake
3017 key %p, needed %p)
3018 (P) A dynamic loading library ".so" or ".dll" was being loaded into
3019 the process that was built against a different build of perl than
3020 the said library was compiled against. Reinstalling the XS module
3021 will likely fix this error.
3022 Locale '%s' contains (at least) the following characters which have
3024 unexpected meanings: %s The Perl program will use the expected
3025 meanings
3026 (W locale) You are using the named UTF-8 locale. UTF-8 locales are
3027 expected to have very particular behavior, which most do. This
3028 message arises when perl found some departures from the
3029 expectations, and is notifying you that the expected behavior
3030 overrides these differences. In some cases the differences are
3031 caused by the locale definition being defective, but the most
3032 common causes of this warning are when there are ambiguities and
3033 conflicts in following the Standard, and the locale has chosen an
3034 approach that differs from Perl's.
3035 One of these is because that, contrary to the claims, Unicode is
3037 not completely locale insensitive. Turkish and some related
3038 languages have two types of "I" characters. One is dotted in both
3039 upper- and lowercase, and the other is dotless in both cases.
3040 Unicode allows a locale to use either the Turkish rules, or the
3041 rules used in all other instances, where there is only one type of
3042 "I", which is dotless in the uppercase, and dotted in the lower.
3043 The perl core does not (yet) handle the Turkish case, and this
3044 message warns you of that. Instead, the Unicode::Casing module
3045 allows you to mostly implement the Turkish casing rules.
3046 The other common cause is for the characters
3048 $ + < = > ^ ` | ~
3050 These are probematic. The C standard says that these should be
3052 considered punctuation in the C locale (and the POSIX standard
3053 defers to the C standard), and Unicode is generally considered a
3054 superset of the C locale. But Unicode has added an extra category,
3055 "Symbol", and classifies these particular characters as being
3056 symbols. Most UTF-8 locales have them treated as punctuation, so
3057 that ispunct(2) returns non-zero for them. But a few locales have
3058 it return 0. Perl takes the first approach, not using "ispunct()"
3059 at all (see Note [5] in perlrecharclass), and this message is
3060 raised to notify you that you are getting Perl's approach, not the
3061 locale's.
3062 Locale '%s' may not work well.%s
3064 (W locale) You are using the named locale, which is a non-UTF-8
3065 one, and which perl has determined is not fully compatible with
3066 what it can handle. The second %s gives a reason.
3067 By far the most common reason is that the locale has characters in
3069 it that are represented by more than one byte. The only such
3070 locales that Perl can handle are the UTF-8 locales. Most likely
3071 the specified locale is a non-UTF-8 one for an East Asian language
3072 such as Chinese or Japanese. If the locale is a superset of ASCII,
3073 the ASCII portion of it may work in Perl.
3074 Some essentially obsolete locales that aren't supersets of ASCII,
3076 mainly those in ISO 646 or other 7-bit locales, such as ASMO 449,
3077 can also have problems, depending on what portions of the ASCII
3078 character set get changed by the locale and are also used by the
3079 program. The warning message lists the determinable conflicting
3080 characters.
3081 Note that not all incompatibilities are found.
3083 If this happens to you, there's not much you can do except switch
3085 to use a different locale or use Encode to translate from the
3086 locale into UTF-8; if that's impracticable, you have been warned
3087 that some things may break.
3088 This message is output once each time a bad locale is switched into
3090 within the scope of "use locale", or on the first possibly-affected
3091 operation if the "use locale" inherits a bad one. It is not raised
3092 for any operations from the POSIX module.
3093 localtime(%f) failed
3095 (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that it could not
3096 handle: too large, too small, or NaN. The returned value is
3097 "undef".
3098 localtime(%f) too large
3100 (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that was larger
3101 than it can reliably handle and "localtime" probably returned the
3102 wrong date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special
3103 not-a-number value).
3104 localtime(%f) too small
3106 (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that was smaller
3107 than it can reliably handle and "localtime" probably returned the
3108 wrong date.
3109 Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/
3111 (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which
3112 lookbehind can handle. This restriction may be eased in a future
3113 release.
3114 Lost precision when %s %f by 1
3116 (W imprecision) The value you attempted to increment or decrement
3117 by one is too large for the underlying floating point
3118 representation to store accurately, hence the target of "++" or
3119 "--" is unchanged. Perl issues this warning because it has already
3120 switched from integers to floating point when values are too large
3121 for integers, and now even floating point is insufficient. You may
3122 wish to switch to using Math::BigInt explicitly.
3123 lstat() on filehandle%s
3125 (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean
3126 by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a
3127 fstat() instead on the filehandle.)
3128 lvalue attribute %s already-defined subroutine
3130 (W misc) Although attributes.pm allows this, turning the lvalue
3131 attribute on or off on a Perl subroutine that is already defined
3132 does not always work properly. It may or may not do what you want,
3133 depending on what code is inside the subroutine, with exact details
3134 subject to change between Perl versions. Only do this if you
3135 really know what you are doing.
3136 lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined
3138 (W misc) Using the ":lvalue" declarative syntax to make a Perl
3139 subroutine an lvalue subroutine after it has been defined is not
3140 permitted. To make the subroutine an lvalue subroutine, add the
3141 lvalue attribute to the definition, or put the "sub foo :lvalue;"
3142 declaration before the definition.
3143 See also attributes.pm.
3145 Magical list constants are not supported
3147 (F) You assigned a magical array to a stash element, and then tried
3148 to use the subroutine from the same slot. You are asking Perl to
3149 do something it cannot do, details subject to change between Perl
3150 versions.
3151 Malformed integer in [] in pack
3153 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only
3154 digits are permitted. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3155 Malformed integer in [] in unpack
3157 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only
3158 digits are permitted. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3159 Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
3161 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the
3162 form
3163 prefix1;prefix2
3165 or
3167 prefix1 prefix2
3168 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If "prefix1" is indeed a prefix
3170 of a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The
3171 error may appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
3172 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in perlos2.
3173 Malformed prototype for %s: %s
3175 (F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The
3176 syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check
3177 for obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check
3178 is run when the function is called. Perhaps the function's author
3179 was trying to write a subroutine signature but didn't enable that
3180 feature first ("use feature 'signatures'"), so the signature was
3181 instead interpreted as a bad prototype.
3182 Malformed UTF-8 character%s
3184 (S utf8)(F) Perl detected a string that should be UTF-8, but didn't
3185 comply with UTF-8 encoding rules, or represents a code point whose
3186 ordinal integer value doesn't fit into the word size of the current
3187 platform (overflows). Details as to the exact malformation are
3188 given in the variable, %s, part of the message.
3189 One possible cause is that you set the UTF8 flag yourself for data
3191 that you thought to be in UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example
3192 legacy 8-bit data). To guard against this, you can use
3193 "Encode::decode('UTF-8', ...)".
3194 If you use the ":encoding(UTF-8)" PerlIO layer for input, invalid
3196 byte sequences are handled gracefully, but if you use ":utf8", the
3197 flag is set without validating the data, possibly resulting in this
3198 error message.
3199 See also "Handling Malformed Data" in Encode.
3201 Malformed UTF-8 returned by \N{%s} immediately after '%s'
3203 (F) The charnames handler returned malformed UTF-8.
3204 Malformed UTF-8 string in "%s"
3206 (F) This message indicates a bug either in the Perl core or in XS
3207 code. Such code was trying to find out if a character, allegedly
3208 stored internally encoded as UTF-8, was of a given type, such as
3209 being punctuation or a digit. But the character was not encoded in
3210 legal UTF-8. The %s is replaced by a string that can be used by
3211 knowledgeable people to determine what the type being checked
3212 against was.
3213 Passing malformed strings was deprecated in Perl 5.18, and became
3215 fatal in Perl 5.26.
3216 Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack
3218 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3219 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3220 progress.
3221 Malformed UTF-8 string in pack
3223 (F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3224 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3225 progress.
3226 Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack
3228 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3229 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3230 progress.
3231 Malformed UTF-16 surrogate
3233 (F) Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but
3234 while doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
3235 Mandatory parameter follows optional parameter
3237 (F) In a subroutine signature, you wrote something like "$a =
3238 undef, $b", making an earlier parameter optional and a later one
3239 mandatory. Parameters are filled from left to right, so it's
3240 impossible for the caller to omit an earlier one and pass a later
3241 one. If you want to act as if the parameters are filled from right
3242 to left, declare the rightmost optional and then shuffle the
3243 parameters around in the subroutine's body.
3244 Matched non-Unicode code point 0x%X against Unicode property; may not
3246 be portable
3247 (S non_unicode) Perl allows strings to contain a superset of
3248 Unicode code points; each code point may be as large as what is
3249 storable in a signed integer on your system, but these may not be
3250 accepted by other languages/systems. This message occurs when you
3251 matched a string containing such a code point against a regular
3252 expression pattern, and the code point was matched against a
3253 Unicode property, "\p{...}" or "\P{...}". Unicode properties are
3254 only defined on Unicode code points, so the result of this match is
3255 undefined by Unicode, but Perl (starting in v5.20) treats non-
3256 Unicode code points as if they were typical unassigned Unicode
3257 ones, and matched this one accordingly. Whether a given property
3258 matches these code points or not is specified in "Properties
3259 accessible through \p{} and \P{}" in perluniprops.
3260 This message is suppressed (unless it has been made fatal) if it is
3262 immaterial to the results of the match if the code point is Unicode
3263 or not. For example, the property "\p{ASCII_Hex_Digit}" only can
3264 match the 22 characters "[0-9A-Fa-f]", so obviously all other code
3265 points, Unicode or not, won't match it. (And "\P{ASCII_Hex_Digit}"
3266 will match every code point except these 22.)
3267 Getting this message indicates that the outcome of the match
3269 arguably should have been the opposite of what actually happened.
3270 If you think that is the case, you may wish to make the
3271 "non_unicode" warnings category fatal; if you agree with Perl's
3272 decision, you may wish to turn off this category.
3273 See "Beyond Unicode code points" in perlunicode for more
3275 information.
3276 %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3278 (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop
3279 if the regular expression engine didn't specifically check for
3280 that. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
3281 problem was discovered. See perlre.
3282 Maximal count of pending signals (%u) exceeded
3284 (F) Perl aborted due to too high a number of signals pending. This
3285 usually indicates that your operating system tried to deliver
3286 signals too fast (with a very high priority), starving the perl
3287 process from resources it would need to reach a point where it can
3288 process signals safely. (See "Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)" in
3289 perlipc.)
3290 "%s" may clash with future reserved word
3292 (W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a
3293 perl4 interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned
3294 about is "use" or "my".
3295 '%' may not be used in pack
3297 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
3298 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other
3299 way. See "unpack" in perlfunc.
3300 Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
3302 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table
3303 that doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See overload.
3304 Method %s not permitted
3306 See "500 Server error".
3307 Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
3309 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been
3310 caused by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it
3311 eventually ended earlier on the current line.
3312 Misplaced _ in number
3314 (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
3315 separate two digits.
3316 Missing argument for %n in %s
3318 (F) A %n was used in a format string with no corresponding argument
3319 for perl to write the current string length to.
3320 Missing argument in %s
3322 (W missing) You called a function with fewer arguments than other
3323 arguments you supplied indicated would be needed.
3324 Currently only emitted when a printf-type format required more
3326 arguments than were supplied, but might be used in the future for
3327 other cases where we can statically determine that arguments to
3328 functions are missing, e.g. for the "pack" in perlfunc function.
3329 Missing argument to -%c
3331 (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
3332 immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
3333 Missing braces on \N{}
3335 Missing braces on \N{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3336 (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal "\N{charname}" within
3337 double-quotish context. This can also happen when there is a space
3338 (or comment) between the "\N" and the "{" in a regex with the "/x"
3339 modifier. This modifier does not change the requirement that the
3340 brace immediately follow the "\N".
3341 Missing braces on \o{}
3343 (F) A "\o" must be followed immediately by a "{" in double-quotish
3344 context.
3345 Missing comma after first argument to %s function
3347 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
3348 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
3349 Missing command in piped open
3351 (W pipe) You used the "open(FH, "| command")" or "open(FH, "command
3352 |")" construction, but the command was missing or blank.
3353 Missing control char name in \c
3355 (F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required
3356 control character name.
3357 Missing ']' in prototype for %s : %s
3359 (W illegalproto) A grouping was started with "[" but never closed
3360 with "]".
3361 Missing name in "%s sub"
3363 (F) The syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that they
3364 have a name with which they can be found.
3365 Missing $ on loop variable
3367 (F) Apparently you've been programming in csh too much. Variables
3368 are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells,
3369 where it can vary from one line to the next.
3370 (Missing operator before %s?)
3372 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
3373 message "%s found where operator expected". Often the missing
3374 operator is a comma.
3375 Missing or undefined argument to %s
3377 (F) You tried to call require or do with no argument or with an
3378 undefined value as an argument. Require expects either a package
3379 name or a file-specification as an argument; do expects a filename.
3380 See "require EXPR" in perlfunc and "do EXPR" in perlfunc.
3381 Missing right brace on \%c{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3383 (F) Missing right brace in "\x{...}", "\p{...}", "\P{...}", or
3384 "\N{...}".
3385 Missing right brace on \N{}
3387 Missing right brace on \N{} or unescaped left brace after \N
3388 (F) "\N" has two meanings.
3389 The traditional one has it followed by a name enclosed in braces,
3391 meaning the character (or sequence of characters) given by that
3392 name. Thus "\N{ASTERISK}" is another way of writing "*", valid in
3393 both double-quoted strings and regular expression patterns. In
3394 patterns, it doesn't have the meaning an unescaped "*" does.
3395 Starting in Perl 5.12.0, "\N" also can have an additional meaning
3397 (only) in patterns, namely to match a non-newline character. (This
3398 is short for "[^\n]", and like "." but is not affected by the "/s"
3399 regex modifier.)
3400 This can lead to some ambiguities. When "\N" is not followed
3402 immediately by a left brace, Perl assumes the "[^\n]" meaning.
3403 Also, if the braces form a valid quantifier such as "\N{3}" or
3404 "\N{5,}", Perl assumes that this means to match the given quantity
3405 of non-newlines (in these examples, 3; and 5 or more,
3406 respectively). In all other case, where there is a "\N{" and a
3407 matching "}", Perl assumes that a character name is desired.
3408 However, if there is no matching "}", Perl doesn't know if it was
3410 mistakenly omitted, or if "[^\n]{" was desired, and raises this
3411 error. If you meant the former, add the right brace; if you meant
3412 the latter, escape the brace with a backslash, like so: "\N\{"
3413 Missing right curly or square bracket
3415 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than
3416 closing ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the
3417 place you were last editing.
3418 (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
3420 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
3421 message "%s found where operator expected". Don't automatically
3422 put a semicolon on the previous line just because you saw this
3423 message.
3424 Modification of a read-only value attempted
3426 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
3427 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
3428 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
3429 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
3431 mod(2);
3432 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the
3434 string.
3435 Yet another way is to assign to a "foreach" loop VAR when VAR is
3437 aliased to a constant in the look LIST:
3438 $x = 1;
3440 foreach my $n ($x, 2) {
3441 $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to
3442 } # modify the 2
3443 Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s
3445 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
3446 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the
3447 array backwards.
3448 Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s
3450 (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it
3451 couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.
3452 Module name must be constant
3454 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a
3455 "use".
3456 Module name required with -%c option
3458 (F) The "-M" or "-m" options say that Perl should load some module,
3459 but you omitted the name of the module. Consult perlrun for full
3460 details about "-M" and "-m".
3461 More than one argument to '%s' open
3463 (F) The "open" function has been asked to open multiple files.
3464 This can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that
3465 takes a list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped
3466 open mode. See "open" in perlfunc for details.
3467 mprotect for COW string %p %u failed with %d
3469 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW (see "Copy on
3470 Write" in perlguts), but a shared string buffer could not be made
3471 read-only.
3472 mprotect for %p %u failed with %d
3474 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see
3475 perlhacktips), but an op tree could not be made read-only.
3476 mprotect RW for COW string %p %u failed with %d
3478 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW (see "Copy on
3479 Write" in perlguts), but a read-only shared string buffer could not
3480 be made mutable.
3481 mprotect RW for %p %u failed with %d
3483 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see
3484 perlhacktips), but a read-only op tree could not be made mutable
3485 before freeing the ops.
3486 msg%s not implemented
3488 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
3489 Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
3491 (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like $foo[1,2,3].
3492 They're written like $foo[1][2][3], as in C.
3493 Multiple slurpy parameters not allowed
3495 (F) In subroutine signatures, a slurpy parameter ("@" or "%") must
3496 be the last parameter, and there must not be more than one of them;
3497 for example:
3498 sub foo ($a, @b) {} # legal
3500 sub foo ($a, @b, %) {} # invalid
3501 '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack
3503 (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did
3504 not follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value.
3505 See "pack" in perlfunc.
3506 %s must not be a named sequence in transliteration operator
3508 (F) Transliteration ("tr///" and "y///") transliterates individual
3509 characters. But a named sequence by definition is more than an
3510 individual character, and hence doing this operation on it doesn't
3511 make sense.
3512 "my sub" not yet implemented
3514 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't
3515 try that yet.
3516 "my" subroutine %s can't be in a package
3518 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't
3519 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
3520 front.
3521 "my %s" used in sort comparison
3523 (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort
3524 comparisons. You used $a or $b in as an operand to the "<=>" or
3525 "cmp" operator inside a sort comparison block, and the variable had
3526 earlier been declared as a lexical variable. Either qualify the
3527 sort variable with the package name, or rename the lexical
3528 variable.
3529 "my" variable %s can't be in a package
3531 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't
3532 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
3533 front. Use local() if you want to localize a package variable.
3534 Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
3536 (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable
3537 names. If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then
3538 just mention it again somehow to suppress the message. The "our"
3539 declaration is also provided for this purpose.
3540 NOTE: This warning detects package symbols that have been used only
3542 once. This means lexical variables will never trigger this
3543 warning. It also means that all of the package variables $c, @c,
3544 %c, as well as *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or
3545 format) are considered the same; if a program uses $c only once but
3546 also uses any of the others it will not trigger this warning.
3547 Symbols beginning with an underscore and symbols using special
3548 identifiers (q.v. perldata) are exempt from this warning.
3549 Need exactly 3 octal digits in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3551 (F) Within "(?[ ])", all constants interpreted as octal need to
3552 be exactly 3 digits long. This helps catch some ambiguities. If
3553 your constant is too short, add leading zeros, like
3554 (?[ [ \078 ] ]) # Syntax error!
3556 (?[ [ \0078 ] ]) # Works
3557 (?[ [ \007 8 ] ]) # Clearer
3558 The maximum number this construct can express is "\777". If you
3560 need a larger one, you need to use \o{} instead. If you meant two
3561 separate things, you need to separate them:
3562 (?[ [ \7776 ] ]) # Syntax error!
3564 (?[ [ \o{7776} ] ]) # One meaning
3565 (?[ [ \777 6 ] ]) # Another meaning
3566 (?[ [ \777 \006 ] ]) # Still another
3567 Negative '/' count in unpack
3569 (F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation
3570 was negative. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3571 Negative length
3573 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
3574 length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
3575 Negative offset to vec in lvalue context
3577 (F) When "vec" is called in an lvalue context, the second argument
3578 must be greater than or equal to zero.
3579 Negative repeat count does nothing
3581 (W numeric) You tried to execute the "x" repetition operator fewer
3582 than 0 times, which doesn't make sense.
3583 Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3585 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening
3586 parentheses. So things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The
3587 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
3588 was discovered.
3589 Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, "*?", "+?", and "??"
3591 appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See perlre.
3592 %s never introduced
3594 (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went
3595 out of scope before it could possibly have been used.
3596 next::method/next::can/maybe::next::method cannot find enclosing method
3598 (F) "next::method" needs to be called within the context of a real
3599 method in a real package, and it could not find such a context.
3600 See mro.
3601 \N in a character class must be a named character: \N{...} in regex;
3603 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3604 (F) The new (as of Perl 5.12) meaning of "\N" as "[^\n]" is not
3605 valid in a bracketed character class, for the same reason that "."
3606 in a character class loses its specialness: it matches almost
3607 everything, which is probably not what you want.
3608 \N{} in inverted character class or as a range end-point is restricted
3610 to one character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3611 (F) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a multi-
3612 character sequence. Even though a character class is supposed to
3613 match just one character of input, perl will match the whole thing
3614 correctly, except under certain conditions. These currently are
3615 When the class is inverted ("[^...]")
3617 The mathematically logical behavior for what matches when
3618 inverting is very different from what people expect, so we have
3619 decided to forbid it.
3620 The escape is the beginning or final end point of a range
3622 Similarly unclear is what should be generated when the
3623 "\N{...}" is used as one of the end points of the range, such
3624 as in
3625 [\x{41}-\N{ARABIC SEQUENCE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH AE}]
3627 What is meant here is unclear, as the "\N{...}" escape is a
3629 sequence of code points, so this is made an error.
3630 In a regex set
3632 The syntax "(?[ ])" in a regular expression yields a list of
3633 single code points, none can be a sequence.
3634 No %s allowed while running setuid
3636 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid
3637 or setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking
3638 there will be another way to do what you want that is, if not
3639 secure, at least securable. See perlsec.
3640 No code specified for -%c
3642 (F) Perl's -e and -E command-line options require an argument. If
3643 you want to run an empty program, pass the empty string as a
3644 separate argument or run a program consisting of a single 0 or 1:
3645 perl -e ""
3647 perl -e0
3648 perl -e1
3649 No comma allowed after %s
3651 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is
3652 not allowed to have a comma between that and the following
3653 arguments. Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
3654 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a
3656 constant to your name space with use or import while no such
3657 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating
3658 system does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you
3659 did use an explicit import list for the constants you expect to
3660 see; please see "use" in perlfunc and "import" in perlfunc. While
3661 an explicit import list would probably have caught this error
3662 earlier it naturally does not remedy the fact that your operating
3663 system still does not support that constant. Maybe you have a typo
3664 in the constants of the symbol import list of use or import or in
3665 the constant name at the line where this error was triggered?
3666 No command into which to pipe on command line
3668 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3669 redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it
3670 doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command.
3671 No DB::DB routine defined
3673 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch,
3674 but for some reason the current debugger (e.g. perl5db.pl or a
3675 "Devel::" module) didn't define a routine to be called at the
3676 beginning of each statement.
3677 No dbm on this machine
3679 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine
3680 should supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See
3681 SDBM_File.
3682 No DB::sub routine defined
3684 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch,
3685 but for some reason the current debugger (e.g. perl5db.pl or a
3686 "Devel::" module) didn't define a "DB::sub" routine to be called at
3687 the beginning of each ordinary subroutine call.
3688 No directory specified for -I
3690 (F) The -I command-line switch requires a directory name as part of
3691 the same argument. Use -Ilib, for instance. -I lib won't work.
3692 No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
3694 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3695 redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but
3696 can't find the name of the file to which to write data destined for
3697 stderr.
3698 No group ending character '%c' found in template
3700 (F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its
3701 matching counterpart. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3702 No input file after < on command line
3704 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3705 redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find
3706 the name of the file from which to read data for stdin.
3707 No next::method '%s' found for %s
3709 (F) "next::method" found no further instances of this method name
3710 in the remaining packages of the MRO of this class. If you don't
3711 want it throwing an exception, use "maybe::next::method" or
3712 "next::can". See mro.
3713 Non-finite repeat count does nothing
3715 (W numeric) You tried to execute the "x" repetition operator "Inf"
3716 (or "-Inf") or "NaN" times, which doesn't make sense.
3717 Non-hex character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3719 (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-hexadecimal character
3720 where a hex one was expected, like
3721 (?[ [ \xDG ] ])
3723 (?[ [ \x{DEKA} ] ])
3724 Non-octal character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3726 (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-octal character where
3727 an octal one was expected, like
3728 (?[ [ \o{1278} ] ])
3730 Non-octal character '%c'. Resolved as "%s"
3732 (W digit) In parsing an octal numeric constant, a character was
3733 unexpectedly encountered that isn't octal. The resulting value is
3734 as indicated.
3735 "no" not allowed in expression
3737 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time,
3738 and returns no useful value. See perlmod.
3739 Non-string passed as bitmask
3741 (W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to
3742 select(). Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor
3743 bitmasks for select. See "select" in perlfunc.
3744 No output file after > on command line
3746 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3747 redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line,
3748 so it doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout.
3749 No output file after > or >> on command line
3751 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3752 redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but
3753 can't find the name of the file to which to write data destined for
3754 stdout.
3755 No package name allowed for subroutine %s in "our"
3757 No package name allowed for variable %s in "our"
3758 (F) Fully qualified subroutine and variable names are not allowed
3759 in "our" declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under
3760 existing rules. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions.
3761 No Perl script found in input
3763 (F) You called "perl -x", but no line was found in the file
3764 beginning with #! and containing the word "perl".
3765 No setregid available
3767 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call
3768 for your system.
3769 No setreuid available
3771 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call
3772 for your system.
3773 No such class %s
3775 (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state"
3776 declaration, but this class doesn't exist at this point in your
3777 program.
3778 No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
3780 (F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated
3781 typed variable but that key is not allowed by the package of the
3782 same type. The indicated package has restricted the set of allowed
3783 keys using the fields pragma.
3784 No such hook: %s
3786 (F) You specified a signal hook that was not recognized by Perl.
3787 Currently, Perl accepts "__DIE__" and "__WARN__" as valid signal
3788 hooks.
3789 No such pipe open
3791 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose()
3792 tried to close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have
3793 been caught earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
3794 No such signal: SIG%s
3796 (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that
3797 was not recognized. Say "kill -l" in your shell to see the valid
3798 signal names on your system.
3799 No Unicode property value wildcard matches:
3801 (W regexp) You specified a wildcard for a Unicode property value,
3802 but there is no property value in the current Unicode release that
3803 matches it. Check your spelling.
3804 Not a CODE reference
3806 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that
3807 is, a subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead.
3808 You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it
3809 really was. See also perlref.
3810 Not a GLOB reference
3812 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that
3813 is, a symbol table entry that looks like *foo), but found a
3814 reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3815 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3816 Not a HASH reference
3818 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but
3819 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3820 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3821 '#' not allowed immediately following a sigil in a subroutine signature
3823 (F) In a subroutine signature definition, a comment following a
3824 sigil ("$", "@" or "%"), needs to be separated by whitespace or a
3825 comma etc., in particular to avoid confusion with the $# variable.
3826 For example:
3827 # bad
3829 sub f ($# ignore first arg
3830 , $b) {}
3831 # good
3832 sub f ($, # ignore first arg
3833 $b) {}
3834 Not an ARRAY reference
3836 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but
3837 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3838 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3839 Not a SCALAR reference
3841 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but
3842 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3843 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3844 Not a subroutine reference
3846 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that
3847 is, a subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead.
3848 You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it
3849 really was. See also perlref.
3850 Not a subroutine reference in overload table
3852 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table
3853 that doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See overload.
3854 Not enough arguments for %s
3856 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
3857 Not enough format arguments
3859 (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next
3860 line supplied. See perlform.
3861 %s: not found
3863 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
3864 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
3865 into Perl yourself.
3866 no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
3868 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local
3869 timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is
3870 equivalent to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name
3871 SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL to translate to the number of seconds
3872 which need to be added to UTC to get local time.
3873 NULL OP IN RUN
3875 (S debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
3876 pointer.
3877 Null picture in formline
3879 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
3880 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
3881 supplied it an uninitialized value. See perlform.
3882 Null realloc
3884 (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
3885 NULL regexp argument
3887 (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
3888 NULL regexp parameter
3890 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
3891 Number too long
3893 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs
3894 to about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future
3895 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation.
3896 In the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead
3897 of "1_000_000").
3898 Number with no digits
3900 (F) Perl was looking for a number but found nothing that looked
3901 like a number. This happens, for example with "\o{}", with no
3902 number between the braces.
3903 Numeric format result too large
3905 (F) The length of the result of a numeric format supplied to
3906 sprintf() or printf() would have been too large for the underlying
3907 C function to report. This limit is typically 2GB.
3908 Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable
3910 (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
3911 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
3912 perlport for more on portability concerns.
3913 Odd name/value argument for subroutine '%s'
3915 (F) A subroutine using a slurpy hash parameter in its signature
3916 received an odd number of arguments to populate the hash. It
3917 requires the arguments to be paired, with the same number of keys
3918 as values. The caller of the subroutine is presumably at fault.
3919 The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
3921 If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
3922 will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used.
3923 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant
3925 (W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number
3926 of arguments. The arguments should come in pairs.
3927 Odd number of elements in anonymous hash
3929 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a
3930 hash, which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
3931 Odd number of elements in hash assignment
3933 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a
3934 hash, which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
3935 Offset outside string
3937 (F)(W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation
3938 with an offset pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to
3939 imagine. The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will
3940 take place when going past the end of the string when either
3941 "sysread()"ing a file, or when seeking past the end of a scalar
3942 opened for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the
3943 behavior with real files).
3944 Old package separator used in string
3946 (W syntax) You used the old package separator, "'", in a variable
3947 named inside a double-quoted string; e.g., "In $name's house".
3948 This is equivalent to "In $name::s house". If you meant the
3949 former, put a backslash before the apostrophe ("In $name\'s
3950 house").
3951 %s() on unopened %s
3953 (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that
3954 was never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a
3955 socket() call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
3956 -%s on unopened filehandle %s
3958 (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a
3959 filehandle that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also
3960 "-X" in perlfunc.
3961 oops: oopsAV
3963 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
3964 oops: oopsHV
3966 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
3967 Operand with no preceding operator in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
3969 m/%s/
3970 (F) You wrote something like
3971 (?[ \p{Digit} \p{Thai} ])
3973 There are two operands, but no operator giving how you want to
3975 combine them.
3976 Operation "%s": no method found, %s
3978 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for
3979 which no handler was defined. While some handlers can be
3980 autogenerated in terms of other handlers, there is no default
3981 handler for any operation, unless the "fallback" overloading key is
3982 specified to be true. See overload.
3983 Operation "%s" returns its argument for non-Unicode code point 0x%X
3985 (S non_unicode) You performed an operation requiring Unicode rules
3986 on a code point that is not in Unicode, so what it should do is not
3987 defined. Perl has chosen to have it do nothing, and warn you.
3988 If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive
3990 matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
3991 If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by "no
3993 warnings 'non_unicode';".
3994 Operation "%s" returns its argument for UTF-16 surrogate U+%X
3996 (S surrogate) You performed an operation requiring Unicode rules on
3997 a Unicode surrogate. Unicode frowns upon the use of surrogates for
3998 anything but storing strings in UTF-16, but rules are (reluctantly)
3999 defined for the surrogates, and they are to do nothing for this
4000 operation. Because the use of surrogates can be dangerous, Perl
4001 warns.
4002 If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive
4004 matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
4005 If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by "no
4007 warnings 'surrogate';".
4008 Operator or semicolon missing before %s
4010 (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the
4011 parser was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you
4012 really meant to use an operator, but this is highly likely to be
4013 incorrect. For example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be
4014 interpreted as if you said "*foo * 'foo'".
4015 Optional parameter lacks default expression
4017 (F) In a subroutine signature, you wrote something like "$a =",
4018 making a named optional parameter without a default value. A
4019 nameless optional parameter is permitted to have no default value,
4020 but a named one must have a specific default. You probably want
4021 "$a = undef".
4022 "our" variable %s redeclared
4024 (W shadow) You seem to have already declared the same global once
4025 before in the current lexical scope.
4026 Out of memory!
4028 (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
4029 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
4030 request. Perl has no option but to exit immediately.
4031 At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing
4033 your process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use "limit" and "limit
4034 datasize n" (where "n" is the number of kilobytes) to check the
4035 current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use "ulimit -a"
4036 and "ulimit -d n", respectively.
4037 Out of memory during %s extend
4039 (X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string
4040 beyond the largest possible memory allocation.
4041 Out of memory during "large" request for %s
4043 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
4044 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
4045 request. However, the request was judged large enough (compile-
4046 time default is 64K), so a possibility to shut down by trapping
4047 this error is granted.
4048 Out of memory during request for %s
4050 (X)(F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
4051 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
4052 request.
4053 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
4055 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not
4056 trappable. However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the
4057 contents of $^M as an emergency pool after die()ing with this
4058 message. In this case the error is trappable once, and the error
4059 message will include the line and file where the failed request
4060 happened.
4061 Out of memory during ridiculously large request
4063 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This
4064 error is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program.
4065 e.g., $arr[time] instead of $arr[$time].
4066 Out of memory for yacc stack
4068 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue
4069 parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
4070 otherwise.
4071 '.' outside of string in pack
4073 (F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the
4074 working position to before the start of the packed string being
4075 built.
4076 '@' outside of string in unpack
4078 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
4079 the string being unpacked. See "pack" in perlfunc.
4080 '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack
4082 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
4083 the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also
4084 invalid UTF-8. See "pack" in perlfunc.
4085 overload arg '%s' is invalid
4087 (W overload) The overload pragma was passed an argument it did not
4088 recognize. Did you mistype an operator?
4089 Overloaded dereference did not return a reference
4091 (F) An object with an overloaded dereference operator was
4092 dereferenced, but the overloaded operation did not return a
4093 reference. See overload.
4094 Overloaded qr did not return a REGEXP
4096 (F) An object with a "qr" overload was used as part of a match, but
4097 the overloaded operation didn't return a compiled regexp. See
4098 overload.
4099 %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
4101 (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
4102 package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl
4103 itself some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should
4104 use a mixed-case attribute name, instead. See attributes.
4105 pack/unpack repeat count overflow
4107 (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows
4108 your signed integers. See "pack" in perlfunc.
4109 page overflow
4111 (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on
4112 a page. See perlform.
4113 panic: %s
4115 (P) An internal error.
4116 panic: attempt to call %s in %s
4118 (P) One of the file test operators entered a code branch that calls
4119 an ACL related-function, but that function is not available on this
4120 platform. Earlier checks mean that it should not be possible to
4121 enter this branch on this platform.
4122 panic: child pseudo-process was never scheduled
4124 (P) A child pseudo-process in the ithreads implementation on
4125 Windows was not scheduled within the time period allowed and
4126 therefore was not able to initialize properly.
4127 panic: ck_grep, type=%u
4129 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
4130 panic: corrupt saved stack index %ld
4132 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values
4133 than there are in the savestack.
4134 panic: del_backref
4136 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a
4137 weak reference.
4138 panic: do_subst
4140 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid
4141 operational data.
4142 panic: do_trans_%s
4144 (P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid
4145 operational data.
4146 panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d
4148 (P) While attempting folding constants an exception other than an
4149 "eval" failure was caught.
4150 panic: frexp: %f
4152 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f")
4153 impossible.
4154 panic: goto, type=%u, ix=%ld
4156 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified
4157 label, and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a
4158 goto in.
4159 panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer
4161 (P) The internal routine used to clear a typeglob's entries tried
4162 repeatedly, but each time something re-created entries in the glob.
4163 Most likely the glob contains an object with a reference back to
4164 the glob and a destructor that adds a new object to the glob.
4165 panic: INTERPCASEMOD, %s
4167 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
4168 panic: INTERPCONCAT, %s
4170 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
4171 panic: kid popen errno read
4173 (F) A forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its
4174 errno.
4175 panic: last, type=%u
4177 (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then
4178 discovered it wasn't a block context.
4179 panic: leave_scope clearsv
4181 (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the
4182 scope.
4183 panic: leave_scope inconsistency %u
4185 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
4186 invalid enum on the top of it.
4187 panic: magic_killbackrefs
4189 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all
4190 weak references to an object.
4191 panic: malloc, %s
4193 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
4194 panic: memory wrap
4196 (P) Something tried to allocate either more memory than possible or
4197 a negative amount.
4198 panic: pad_alloc, %p!=%p
4200 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4201 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4202 panic: pad_free curpad, %p!=%p
4204 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4205 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4206 panic: pad_free po
4208 (P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally. An attempt
4209 was made to free a target that had not been allocated to begin
4210 with.
4211 panic: pad_reset curpad, %p!=%p
4213 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4214 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4215 panic: pad_sv po
4217 (P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally. Most likely
4218 an operator needed a target but that target had not been allocated
4219 for whatever reason.
4220 panic: pad_swipe curpad, %p!=%p
4222 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4223 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4224 panic: pad_swipe po
4226 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
4227 panic: pp_iter, type=%u
4229 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
4230 panic: pp_match%s
4232 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid
4233 operational data.
4234 panic: realloc, %s
4236 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
4237 panic: reference miscount on nsv in sv_replace() (%d != 1)
4239 (P) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with a
4240 reference count other than 1.
4241 panic: restartop in %s
4243 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it),
4244 and didn't supply the destination.
4245 panic: return, type=%u
4247 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context,
4248 and then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
4249 panic: scan_num, %s
4251 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
4252 panic: Sequence (?{...}): no code block found in regex m/%s/
4254 (P) While compiling a pattern that has embedded (?{}) or (??{})
4255 code blocks, perl couldn't locate the code block that should have
4256 already been seen and compiled by perl before control passed to the
4257 regex compiler.
4258 panic: strxfrm() gets absurd - a => %u, ab => %u
4260 (P) The interpreter's sanity check of the C function strxfrm()
4261 failed. In your current locale the returned transformation of the
4262 string "ab" is shorter than that of the string "a", which makes no
4263 sense.
4264 panic: sv_chop %s
4266 (P) The sv_chop() routine was passed a position that is not within
4267 the scalar's string buffer.
4268 panic: sv_insert, midend=%p, bigend=%p
4270 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than
4271 there was string.
4272 panic: top_env
4274 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like
4275 that.
4276 panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called
4278 (P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that
4279 isn't permitted at run time.
4280 panic: unknown OA_*: %x
4282 (P) The internal routine that handles arguments to "&CORE::foo()"
4283 subroutine calls was unable to determine what type of arguments
4284 were expected.
4285 panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
4287 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
4288 to even) byte length.
4289 panic: utf16_to_utf8_reversed: odd bytelen
4291 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8_reversed with an odd (as
4292 opposed to even) byte length.
4293 panic: yylex, %s
4295 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case
4296 modifier.
4297 Parentheses missing around "%s" list
4299 (W parenthesis) You said something like
4300 my $foo, $bar = @_;
4302 when you meant
4304 my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
4306 Remember that "my", "our", "local" and "state" bind tighter than
4308 comma.
4309 Parsing code internal error (%s)
4311 (F) Parsing code supplied by an extension violated the parser's API
4312 in a detectable way.
4313 Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change exceeded limit in regex
4315 (F) You used a pattern that uses too many nested subpattern calls
4316 without consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so text is
4317 consumed before the nesting limit is exceeded.
4318 "-p" destination: %s
4320 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the
4321 "-p" command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless
4322 you've redirected it with select().)
4323 Perl API version %s of %s does not match %s
4325 (F) The XS module in question was compiled against a different
4326 incompatible version of Perl than the one that has loaded the XS
4327 module.
4328 Perl folding rules are not up-to-date for 0x%X; please use the perlbug
4330 utility to report; in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4331 (S regexp) You used a regular expression with case-insensitive
4332 matching, and there is a bug in Perl in which the built-in regular
4333 expression folding rules are not accurate. This may lead to
4334 incorrect results. Please report this as a bug to
4335 <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues>.
4336 PerlIO layer ':win32' is experimental
4338 (S experimental::win32_perlio) The ":win32" PerlIO layer is
4339 experimental. If you want to take the risk of using this layer,
4340 simply disable this warning:
4341 no warnings "experimental::win32_perlio";
4343 Perl_my_%s() not available
4345 (F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size, so
4346 it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order
4347 conversion functions. This is only a problem when you're using the
4348 '<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates. See "pack" in
4349 perlfunc.
4350 Perl %s required (did you mean %s?)--this is only %s, stopped
4352 (F) The code you are trying to run has asked for a newer version of
4353 Perl than you are running. Perhaps "use 5.10" was written instead
4354 of "use 5.010" or "use v5.10". Without the leading "v", the number
4355 is interpreted as a decimal, with every three digits after the
4356 decimal point representing a part of the version number. So 5.10
4357 is equivalent to v5.100.
4358 Perl %s required--this is only %s, stopped
4360 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
4361 recent than the currently running version. How long has it been
4362 since you upgraded, anyway? See "require" in perlfunc.
4363 PERL_SH_DIR too long
4365 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to
4366 find the "sh"-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in perlos2.
4367 PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s"
4369 (X) See "PERL_SIGNALS" in perlrun for legal values.
4370 Perls since %s too modern--this is %s, stopped
4372 (F) The code you are trying to run claims it will not run on the
4373 version of Perl you are using because it is too new. Maybe the
4374 code needs to be updated, or maybe it is simply wrong and the
4375 version check should just be removed.
4376 perl: warning: Non hex character in '$ENV{PERL_HASH_SEED}', seed only
4378 partially set
4379 (S) PERL_HASH_SEED should match /^\s*(?:0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]+\s*\z/ but
4380 it contained a non hex character. This could mean you are not
4381 using the hash seed you think you are.
4382 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
4384 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
4385 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
4387 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
4388 LC_ALL = "En_US",
4389 LANG = (unset)
4390 are supported and installed on your system.
4391 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
4392 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above
4394 the settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no
4395 value. This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your
4396 operating system supplier and/or system administrator have set up
4397 the so-called locale system but Perl could not use those settings.
4398 This was not dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale"
4399 called "C" that Perl can and will use, and the script will be run.
4400 Before you really fix the problem, however, you will get the same
4401 error message each time you run Perl. How to really fix the
4402 problem can be found in perllocale section LOCALE PROBLEMS.
4403 perl: warning: strange setting in '$ENV{PERL_PERTURB_KEYS}': '%s'
4405 (S) Perl was run with the environment variable PERL_PERTURB_KEYS
4406 defined but containing an unexpected value. The legal values of
4407 this setting are as follows.
4408 Numeric | String | Result
4410 --------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
4411 0 | NO | Disables key traversal randomization
4412 1 | RANDOM | Enables full key traversal randomization
4413 2 | DETERMINISTIC | Enables repeatable key traversal
4414 | | randomization
4415 Both numeric and string values are accepted, but note that string
4417 values are case sensitive. The default for this setting is
4418 "RANDOM" or 1.
4419 pid %x not a child
4421 (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait
4422 for a process which isn't a subprocess of the current process.
4423 While this is fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what
4424 you intended.
4425 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack
4427 (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*".
4428 POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4430 (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The
4431 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
4432 was discovered. Note that the POSIX character classes do not have
4433 the "is" prefix the corresponding C interfaces have: in other
4434 words, it's "[[:print:]]", not "isprint". See perlre.
4435 POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
4437 (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument,
4438 unlike the BSD version, which takes a pid.
4439 POSIX syntax [%c %c] belongs inside character classes%s in regex;
4441 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4442 (W regexp) Perl thinks that you intended to write a POSIX character
4443 class, but didn't use enough brackets. These POSIX class
4444 constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go inside character classes,
4445 the [] are part of the construct, for example:
4446 "qr/[012[:alpha:]345]/". What the regular expression pattern
4447 compiled to is probably not what you were intending. For example,
4448 "qr/[:alpha:]/" compiles to a regular bracketed character class
4449 consisting of the four characters ":", "a", "l", "h", and "p".
4450 To specify the POSIX class, it should have been written
4451 "qr/[[:alpha:]]/".
4452 Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently implemented; they are
4454 simply placeholders for future extensions and will cause fatal
4455 errors. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression
4456 the problem was discovered. See perlre.
4457 If the specification of the class was not completely valid, the
4459 message indicates that.
4460 POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked
4462 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4463 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
4464 beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future
4465 extensions. If you need to represent those character sequences
4466 inside a regular expression character class, just quote the square
4467 brackets with the backslash: "\[." and ".\]". The <-- HERE shows
4468 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4469 See perlre.
4470 POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked
4472 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4473 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
4474 beginning with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future
4475 extensions. If you need to represent those character sequences
4476 inside a regular expression character class, just quote the square
4477 brackets with the backslash: "\[=" and "=\]". The <-- HERE shows
4478 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4479 See perlre.
4480 Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
4482 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with
4483 literal strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are
4484 instead treated as literal data. (You may have used different
4485 delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also
4486 frequently used.)
4487 You probably wrote something like this:
4489 @list = qw(
4491 a # a comment
4492 b # another comment
4493 );
4494 when you should have written this:
4496 @list = qw(
4498 a
4499 b
4500 );
4501 If you really want comments, build your list the old-fashioned way,
4503 with quotes and commas:
4504 @list = (
4506 'a', # a comment
4507 'b', # another comment
4508 );
4509 Possible attempt to separate words with commas
4511 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore
4512 commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used
4513 different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are
4514 also frequently used.)
4515 You probably wrote something like this:
4517 qw! a, b, c !;
4519 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it
4521 without commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
4522 qw! a b c !;
4524 Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
4526 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining
4527 for. Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel
4528 byte at the end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got
4529 clobbered, and Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See
4530 "ioctl" in perlfunc.
4531 Possible precedence issue with control flow operator
4533 (W syntax) There is a possible problem with the mixing of a control
4534 flow operator (e.g. "return") and a low-precedence operator like
4535 "or". Consider:
4536 sub { return $a or $b; }
4538 This is parsed as:
4540 sub { (return $a) or $b; }
4542 Which is effectively just:
4544 sub { return $a; }
4546 Either use parentheses or the high-precedence variant of the
4548 operator.
4549 Note this may be also triggered for constructs like:
4551 sub { 1 if die; }
4553 Possible precedence problem on bitwise %s operator
4555 (W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in
4556 conjunction with a numeric comparison operator, like this :
4557 if ($x & $y == 0) { ... }
4559 This expression is actually equivalent to "$x & ($y == 0)", due to
4561 the higher precedence of "==". This is probably not what you want.
4562 (If you really meant to write this, disable the warning, or,
4563 better, put the parentheses explicitly and write "$x & ($y == 0)").
4564 Possible unintended interpolation of $\ in regex
4566 (W ambiguous) You said something like "m/$\/" in a regex. The
4567 regex "m/foo$\s+bar/m" translates to: match the word 'foo', the
4568 output record separator (see "$\" in perlvar) and the letter 's'
4569 (one time or more) followed by the word 'bar'.
4570 If this is what you intended then you can silence the warning by
4572 using "m/${\}/" (for example: "m/foo${\}s+bar/").
4573 If instead you intended to match the word 'foo' at the end of the
4575 line followed by whitespace and the word 'bar' on the next line
4576 then you can use "m/$(?)\/" (for example: "m/foo$(?)\s+bar/").
4577 Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
4579 (W ambiguous) You said something like '@foo' in a double-quoted
4580 string but there was no array @foo in scope at the time. If you
4581 wanted a literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out
4582 what happened to the array you apparently lost track of.
4583 Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
4585 (S precedence) The old irregular construct
4586 open FOO || die;
4588 is now misinterpreted as
4590 open(FOO || die);
4592 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary
4594 and list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must
4595 put parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator
4596 instead of "||".
4597 Premature end of script headers
4599 See "500 Server error".
4600 printf() on closed filehandle %s
4602 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
4603 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4604 print() on closed filehandle %s
4606 (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed
4607 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4608 Process terminated by SIG%s
4610 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while
4611 *nix applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of
4612 the OS/2 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate
4613 sighandlers, see "Signals" in perlipc. See also "Process
4614 terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT" in perlos2.
4615 Prototype after '%c' for %s : %s
4617 (W illegalproto) A character follows % or @ in a prototype. This
4618 is useless, since % and @ gobble the rest of the subroutine
4619 arguments.
4620 Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
4622 (S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had
4623 previously been declared or defined with a different function
4624 prototype.
4625 Prototype not terminated
4627 (F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype
4628 definition.
4629 Prototype '%s' overridden by attribute 'prototype(%s)' in %s
4631 (W prototype) A prototype was declared in both the parentheses
4632 after the sub name and via the prototype attribute. The prototype
4633 in parentheses is useless, since it will be replaced by the
4634 prototype from the attribute before it's ever used.
4635 Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4637 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash
4638 it if you meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in
4639 the regular expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
4640 Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4642 (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max
4643 values of the {min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
4644 in the regular expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
4645 Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex
4647 Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4648 m/%s/
4649 (W regexp) Minima should be less than or equal to maxima. If you
4650 really want your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}.
4651 Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression in regex m/%s/
4653 (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place
4654 where it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try
4655 putting the quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example,
4656 the way to match "abc" provided that it is followed by three
4657 repetitions of "xyz" is "/abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/", not
4658 "/abc(?=xyz){3}/".
4659 Range iterator outside integer range
4661 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator
4662 ".." are outside the range which can be represented by integers
4663 internally. One possible workaround is to force Perl to use
4664 magical string increment by prepending "0" to your numbers.
4665 Ranges of ASCII printables should be some subset of "0-9", "A-Z", or
4667 "a-z" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4668 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
4669 Stricter rules help to find typos and other errors. Perhaps you
4671 didn't even intend a range here, if the "-" was meant to be some
4672 other character, or should have been escaped (like "\-"). If you
4673 did intend a range, the one that was used is not portable between
4674 ASCII and EBCDIC platforms, and doesn't have an obvious meaning to
4675 a casual reader.
4676 [3-7] # OK; Obvious and portable
4678 [d-g] # OK; Obvious and portable
4679 [A-Y] # OK; Obvious and portable
4680 [A-z] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4681 [a-Z] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4682 [%-.] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4683 [\x41-Z] # WRONG; Not portable; not obvious to non-geek
4684 (You can force portability by specifying a Unicode range, which
4686 means that the endpoints are specified by "\N{...}", but the
4687 meaning may still not be obvious.) The stricter rules require that
4688 ranges that start or stop with an ASCII character that is not a
4689 control have all their endpoints be the literal character, and not
4690 some escape sequence (like "\x41"), and the ranges must be all
4691 digits, or all uppercase letters, or all lowercase letters.
4692 Ranges of digits should be from the same group in regex; marked by
4694 <-- HERE in m/%s/
4695 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
4696 Stricter rules help to find typos and other errors. You included a
4698 range, and at least one of the end points is a decimal digit.
4699 Under the stricter rules, when this happens, both end points should
4700 be digits in the same group of 10 consecutive digits.
4701 readdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4703 (W io) The dirhandle you're reading from is either closed or not
4704 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4705 readline() on closed filehandle %s
4707 (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed
4708 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4709 read() on closed filehandle %s
4711 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
4712 read() on unopened filehandle %s
4714 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never
4715 opened.
4716 Reallocation too large: %x
4718 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
4719 realloc() of freed memory ignored
4721 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that
4722 had already been freed.
4723 Recompile perl with -DDEBUGGING to use -D switch
4725 (S debugging) You can't use the -D option unless the code to
4726 produce the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails
4727 some overhead, which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
4728 Recursive call to Perl_load_module in PerlIO_find_layer
4730 (P) It is currently not permitted to load modules when creating a
4731 filehandle inside an %INC hook. This can happen with "open my $fh,
4732 '<', \$scalar", which implicitly loads PerlIO::scalar. Try loading
4733 PerlIO::scalar explicitly first.
4734 Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
4736 (F) While calculating the method resolution order (MRO) of a
4737 package, Perl believes it found an infinite loop in the @ISA
4738 hierarchy. This is a crude check that bails out after 100 levels
4739 of @ISA depth.
4740 Redundant argument in %s
4742 (W redundant) You called a function with more arguments than other
4743 arguments you supplied indicated would be needed. Currently only
4744 emitted when a printf-type format required fewer arguments than
4745 were supplied, but might be used in the future for e.g. "pack" in
4746 perlfunc.
4747 refcnt_dec: fd %d%s
4749 refcnt: fd %d%s
4750 refcnt_inc: fd %d%s
4751 (P) Perl's I/O implementation failed an internal consistency check.
4752 If you see this message, something is very wrong.
4753 Reference found where even-sized list expected
4755 (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a
4756 list with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash).
4757 This usually means that you used the anon hash constructor when you
4758 meant to use parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value pairs.
4759 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
4761 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
4762 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
4763 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
4764 Reference is already weak
4766 (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already
4767 weak. Doing so has no effect.
4768 Reference is not weak
4770 (W misc) You have attempted to unweaken a reference that is not
4771 weak. Doing so has no effect.
4772 Reference to invalid group 0 in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4774 (F) You used "\g0" or similar in a regular expression. You may
4775 refer to capturing parentheses only with strictly positive integers
4776 (normal backreferences) or with strictly negative integers
4777 (relative backreferences). Using 0 does not make sense.
4778 Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4780 (F) You used something like "\7" in your regular expression, but
4781 there are not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the
4782 expression. If you wanted to have the character with ordinal 7
4783 inserted into the regular expression, prepend zeroes to make it
4784 three digits long: "\007"
4785 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4787 problem was discovered.
4788 Reference to nonexistent named group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4790 m/%s/
4791 (F) You used something like "\k'NAME'" or "\k<NAME>" in your
4792 regular expression, but there is no corresponding named capturing
4793 parentheses such as "(?'NAME'...)" or "(?<NAME>...)". Check if the
4794 name has been spelled correctly both in the backreference and the
4795 declaration.
4796 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4798 problem was discovered.
4799 Reference to nonexistent or unclosed group in regex; marked by <-- HERE
4801 in m/%s/
4802 (F) You used something like "\g{-7}" in your regular expression,
4803 but there are not at least seven sets of closed capturing
4804 parentheses in the expression before where the "\g{-7}" was
4805 located.
4806 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4808 problem was discovered.
4809 regexp memory corruption
4811 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
4812 expression compiler gave it.
4813 Regexp modifier "/%c" may appear a maximum of twice
4815 Regexp modifier "%c" may appear a maximum of twice in regex; marked by
4816 <-- HERE in m/%s/
4817 (F) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences of the
4818 specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones.
4819 Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear after the "-" in regex; marked by
4821 <-- HERE in m/%s/
4822 (F) Turning off the given modifier has the side effect of turning
4823 on another one. Perl currently doesn't allow this. Reword the
4824 regular expression to use the modifier you want to turn on (and
4825 place it before the minus), instead of the one you want to turn
4826 off.
4827 Regexp modifier "/%c" may not appear twice
4829 Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear twice in regex; marked by <-- HERE
4830 in m/%s/
4831 (F) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences of the
4832 specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones.
4833 Regexp modifiers "/%c" and "/%c" are mutually exclusive
4835 Regexp modifiers "%c" and "%c" are mutually exclusive in regex; marked
4836 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4837 (F) The regular expression pattern had more than one of these
4838 mutually exclusive modifiers. Retain only the modifier that is
4839 supposed to be there.
4840 Regexp out of space in regex m/%s/
4842 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught
4843 it earlier.
4844 Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @#)
4846 (F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a
4847 numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never
4848 terminates. You might use ^# instead. See perlform.
4849 Replacement list is longer than search list
4851 (W misc) You have used a replacement list that is longer than the
4852 search list. So the additional elements in the replacement list
4853 are meaningless.
4854 '(*%s' requires a terminating ':' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4856 (F) You used a construct that needs a colon and pattern argument.
4857 Supply these or check that you are using the right construct.
4858 '%s' resolved to '\o{%s}%d'
4860 (W misc, regexp) You wrote something like "\08", or "\179" in a
4861 double-quotish string. All but the last digit is treated as a
4862 single character, specified in octal. The last digit is the next
4863 character in the string. To tell Perl that this is indeed what you
4864 want, you can use the "\o{ }" syntax, or use exactly three digits
4865 to specify the octal for the character.
4866 Reversed %s= operator
4868 (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The =
4869 must always come last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary
4870 operators.
4871 rewinddir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4873 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to do a rewinddir() on is either
4874 closed or not really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4875 Scalars leaked: %d
4877 (S internal) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of
4878 scalars: not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl
4879 exited. What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of
4880 course bad, especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-
4881 running.
4882 Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
4884 (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
4885 single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a
4886 scalar value (indicated by $). The difference is that $foo[&bar]
4887 always behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when
4888 evaluating its argument, while @foo[&bar] behaves like a list when
4889 you assign to it, and provides a list context to its subscript,
4890 which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
4891 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
4893 element as a list, you need to look into how references work,
4894 because Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists
4895 for you. See perlref.
4896 Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
4898 (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a
4899 single element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a
4900 scalar value (indicated by $). The difference is that $foo{&bar}
4901 always behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when
4902 evaluating its argument, while @foo{&bar} behaves like a list when
4903 you assign to it, and provides a list context to its subscript,
4904 which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
4905 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash
4907 element as a list, you need to look into how references work,
4908 because Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists
4909 for you. See perlref.
4910 Search pattern not terminated
4912 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
4913 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
4914 level. Missing the leading "$" from a variable $m may cause this
4915 error.
4916 Note that since Perl 5.10.0 a // can also be the defined-or
4918 construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code
4919 written in Perl 5.10.0 or later that uses the // as the defined-or
4920 can be misparsed by pre-5.10.0 Perls as a non-terminated search
4921 pattern.
4922 seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4924 (W io) The dirhandle you are doing a seekdir() on is either closed
4925 or not really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4926 %sseek() on unopened filehandle
4928 (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a
4929 filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
4930 select not implemented
4932 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
4933 Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported
4935 (F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in the
4936 current implementation.
4937 Semicolon seems to be missing
4939 (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a
4940 missing semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as
4941 a comma.
4942 semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
4944 (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate
4945 a scalar that had previously been marked as free.
4946 sem%s not implemented
4948 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
4949 send() on closed socket %s
4951 (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime
4952 before now. Check your control flow.
4953 Sequence "\c{" invalid
4955 (F) These three characters may not appear in sequence in a double-
4956 quotish context. This message is raised only on non-ASCII
4957 platforms (a different error message is output on ASCII ones). If
4958 you were intending to specify a control character with this
4959 sequence, you'll have to use a different way to specify it.
4960 Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4962 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?.
4963 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4964 problem was discovered. See perlre.
4965 Sequence (?%c...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4967 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character
4968 reserved but has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows
4969 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4970 See perlre.
4971 Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4973 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make
4974 sense. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression
4975 the problem was discovered. This may happen when using the
4976 "(?^...)" construct to tell Perl to use the default regular
4977 expression modifiers, and you redundantly specify a default
4978 modifier. For other causes, see perlre.
4979 Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex m/%s/
4981 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
4982 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. See perlre.
4983 Sequence (?&... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4985 (F) A named reference of the form "(?&...)" was missing the final
4986 closing parenthesis after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
4987 in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4988 Sequence (?%c... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4990 (F) A named group of the form "(?'...')" or "(?<...>)" was missing
4991 the final closing quote or angle bracket. The <-- HERE shows
4992 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4993 Sequence (?(%c... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4995 (F) A named reference of the form "(?('...')...)" or
4996 "(?(<...>)...)" was missing the final closing quote or angle
4997 bracket after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the
4998 regular expression the problem was discovered.
4999 Sequence (?... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5001 (F) There was no matching closing parenthesis for the '('. The
5002 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
5003 was discovered.
5004 Sequence \%s... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5006 (F) The regular expression expects a mandatory argument following
5007 the escape sequence and this has been omitted or incorrectly
5008 written.
5009 Sequence (?{...}) not terminated with ')'
5011 (F) The end of the perl code contained within the {...} must be
5012 followed immediately by a ')'.
5013 Sequence (?P>... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5015 (F) A named reference of the form "(?P>...)" was missing the final
5016 closing parenthesis after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
5017 in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5018 Sequence (?P<... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5020 (F) A named group of the form "(?P<...>')" was missing the final
5021 closing angle bracket. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the
5022 regular expression the problem was discovered.
5023 Sequence ?P=... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5025 (F) A named reference of the form "(?P=...)" was missing the final
5026 closing parenthesis after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
5027 in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5028 Sequence (?R) not terminated in regex m/%s/
5030 (F) An "(?R)" or "(?0)" sequence in a regular expression was
5031 missing the final parenthesis.
5032 500 Server error
5034 (A) This is the error message generally seen in a browser window
5035 when trying to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The
5036 actual error text varies widely from server to server. The most
5037 frequently-seen variants are "500 Server error", "Method
5038 (something) not permitted", "Document contains no data", "Premature
5039 end of script headers", and "Did not produce a valid header".
5040 This is a CGI error, not a Perl error.
5042 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by
5044 the user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the
5045 user account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment
5046 variables (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and
5047 isn't in a location where the CGI server can't find it, basically,
5048 more or less. Please see the following for more information:
5049 http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
5051 http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html
5052 http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/
5053 You should also look at perlfaq9.
5055 setegid() not implemented
5057 (F) You tried to assign to $), and your operating system doesn't
5058 support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5059 Configure didn't think so.
5060 seteuid() not implemented
5062 (F) You tried to assign to $>, and your operating system doesn't
5063 support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5064 Configure didn't think so.
5065 setpgrp can't take arguments
5067 (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no
5068 arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and
5069 process group ID.
5070 setrgid() not implemented
5072 (F) You tried to assign to $(, and your operating system doesn't
5073 support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5074 Configure didn't think so.
5075 setruid() not implemented
5077 (F) You tried to assign to $<, and your operating system doesn't
5078 support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5079 Configure didn't think so.
5080 setsockopt() on closed socket %s
5082 (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket.
5083 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
5084 See "setsockopt" in perlfunc.
5085 Setting $/ to a reference to %s is forbidden
5087 (F) You assigned a reference to a scalar to $/ where the referenced
5088 item is not a positive integer. In older perls this appeared to
5089 work the same as setting it to "undef" but was in fact internally
5090 different, less efficient and with very bad luck could have
5091 resulted in your file being split by a stringified form of the
5092 reference.
5093 In Perl 5.20.0 this was changed so that it would be exactly the
5095 same as setting $/ to undef, with the exception that this warning
5096 would be thrown.
5097 You are recommended to change your code to set $/ to "undef"
5099 explicitly if you wish to slurp the file. As of Perl 5.28
5100 assigning $/ to a reference to an integer which isn't positive is a
5101 fatal error.
5102 Setting $/ to %s reference is forbidden
5104 (F) You tried to assign a reference to a non integer to $/. In
5105 older Perls this would have behaved similarly to setting it to a
5106 reference to a positive integer, where the integer was the address
5107 of the reference. As of Perl 5.20.0 this is a fatal error, to
5108 allow future versions of Perl to use non-integer refs for more
5109 interesting purposes.
5110 shm%s not implemented
5112 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
5113 !=~ should be !~
5115 (W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~. !=~ will be
5116 interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement)
5117 operators: probably not what you intended.
5118 /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
5120 (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a
5121 string, as in the first argument to "join". Perl will treat the
5122 true or false result of matching the pattern against $_ as the
5123 string, which is probably not what you had in mind.
5124 shutdown() on closed socket %s
5126 (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a
5127 bit superfluous.
5128 SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
5130 (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact,
5131 exist. Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
5132 Slab leaked from cv %p
5134 (S) If you see this message, then something is seriously wrong with
5135 the internal bookkeeping of op trees. An op tree needed to be
5136 freed after a compilation error, but could not be found, so it was
5137 leaked instead.
5138 sleep(%u) too large
5140 (W overflow) You called "sleep" with a number that was larger than
5141 it can reliably handle and "sleep" probably slept for less time
5142 than requested.
5143 Slurpy parameter not last
5145 (F) In a subroutine signature, you put something after a slurpy
5146 (array or hash) parameter. The slurpy parameter takes all the
5147 available arguments, so there can't be any left to fill later
5148 parameters.
5149 Smart matching a non-overloaded object breaks encapsulation
5151 (F) You should not use the "~~" operator on an object that does not
5152 overload it: Perl refuses to use the object's underlying structure
5153 for the smart match.
5154 Smartmatch is experimental
5156 (S experimental::smartmatch) This warning is emitted if you use the
5157 smartmatch ("~~") operator. This is currently an experimental
5158 feature, and its details are subject to change in future releases
5159 of Perl. Particularly, its current behavior is noticed for being
5160 unnecessarily complex and unintuitive, and is very likely to be
5161 overhauled.
5162 Sorry, hash keys must be smaller than 2**31 bytes
5164 (F) You tried to create a hash containing a very large key, where
5165 "very large" means that it needs at least 2 gigabytes to store.
5166 Unfortunately, Perl doesn't yet handle such large hash keys. You
5167 should reconsider your design to avoid hashing such a long string
5168 directly.
5169 sort is now a reserved word
5171 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into
5172 anymore. But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it
5173 as a filehandle.
5174 Source filters apply only to byte streams
5176 (F) You tried to activate a source filter (usually by loading a
5177 source filter module) within a string passed to "eval". This is
5178 not permitted under the "unicode_eval" feature. Consider using
5179 "evalbytes" instead. See feature.
5180 splice() offset past end of array
5182 (W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end
5183 of the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at
5184 the end of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you
5185 want, try explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array =
5186 $offset. See "splice" in perlfunc.
5187 Split loop
5189 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split
5190 shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input,
5191 which is what happened.) See "split" in perlfunc.
5192 Statement unlikely to be reached
5194 (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than
5195 a die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never
5196 returns unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use
5197 system() instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put
5198 the exec() in a block by itself.
5199 "state" subroutine %s can't be in a package
5201 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't
5202 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
5203 front.
5204 "state %s" used in sort comparison
5206 (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort
5207 comparisons. You used $a or $b in as an operand to the "<=>" or
5208 "cmp" operator inside a sort comparison block, and the variable had
5209 earlier been declared as a lexical variable. Either qualify the
5210 sort variable with the package name, or rename the lexical
5211 variable.
5212 "state" variable %s can't be in a package
5214 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't
5215 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
5216 front. Use local() if you want to localize a package variable.
5217 stat() on unopened filehandle %s
5219 (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle
5220 that was either never opened or has since been closed.
5221 Strings with code points over 0xFF may not be mapped into in-memory
5223 file handles
5224 (W utf8) You tried to open a reference to a scalar for read or
5225 append where the scalar contained code points over 0xFF. In-memory
5226 files model on-disk files and can only contain bytes.
5227 Stub found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
5229 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by
5230 importation stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but
5231 explicit calls to "can" may break this.
5232 Subroutine attributes must come before the signature
5234 (F) When subroutine signatures are enabled, any subroutine
5235 attributes must come before the signature. Note that this order was
5236 the opposite in versions 5.22..5.26. So:
5237 sub foo :lvalue ($a, $b) { ... } # 5.20 and 5.28 +
5239 sub foo ($a, $b) :lvalue { ... } # 5.22 .. 5.26
5240 Subroutine "&%s" is not available
5242 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval
5243 is attempting to capture an outer lexical subroutine that is not
5244 currently available. This can happen for one of two reasons.
5245 First, the lexical subroutine may be declared in an outer anonymous
5246 subroutine that has not yet been created. (Remember that named
5247 subs are created at compile time, while anonymous subs are created
5248 at run-time.) For example,
5249 sub { my sub a {...} sub f { \&a } }
5251 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current "a"
5253 sub, since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet.
5254 Conversely, the following won't give a warning since the anonymous
5255 subroutine has by now been created and is live:
5256 sub { my sub a {...} eval 'sub f { \&a }' }->();
5258 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a lexical
5260 subroutine that has gone out of scope, for example,
5261 sub f {
5263 my sub a {...}
5264 sub { eval '\&a' }
5265 }
5266 f()->();
5267 Here, when the '\&a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not
5269 currently being executed, so its &a is not available for capture.
5270 "%s" subroutine &%s masks earlier declaration in same %s
5272 (W shadow) A "my" or "state" subroutine has been redeclared in the
5273 current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to
5274 the previous instance. This is almost always a typographical
5275 error. Note that the earlier subroutine will still exist until the
5276 end of the scope or until all closure references to it are
5277 destroyed.
5278 Subroutine %s redefined
5280 (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning,
5281 say
5282 {
5284 no warnings 'redefine';
5285 eval "sub name { ... }";
5286 }
5287 Subroutine "%s" will not stay shared
5289 (W closure) An inner (nested) named subroutine is referencing a
5290 "my" subroutine defined in an outer named subroutine.
5291 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of the
5293 outer subroutine's lexical subroutine as it was before and during
5294 the *first* call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the
5295 first call to the outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer
5296 subroutines will no longer share a common value for the lexical
5297 subroutine. In other words, it will no longer be shared. This
5298 will especially make a difference if the lexical subroutines
5299 accesses lexical variables declared in its surrounding scope.
5300 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
5302 anonymous, using the "sub {}" syntax. When inner anonymous subs
5303 that reference lexical subroutines in outer subroutines are
5304 created, they are automatically rebound to the current values of
5305 such lexical subs.
5306 Substitution loop
5308 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a
5309 substitution shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters
5310 of input, which is what happened.) See the discussion of
5311 substitution in "Regexp Quote-Like Operators" in perlop.
5312 Substitution pattern not terminated
5314 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or
5315 s{}{} construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
5316 level. Missing the leading "$" from variable $s may cause this
5317 error.
5318 Substitution replacement not terminated
5320 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
5321 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
5322 level. Missing the leading "$" from variable $s may cause this
5323 error.
5324 substr outside of string
5326 (W substr)(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed
5327 outside of a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was
5328 larger than the length of the string. See "substr" in perlfunc.
5329 This warning is fatal if substr is used in an lvalue context (as
5330 the left hand side of an assignment or as a subroutine argument for
5331 example).
5332 sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d
5334 (P) Perl tried to force the upgrade of an SV to a type which was
5335 actually inferior to its current type.
5336 SWASHNEW didn't return an HV ref
5338 (P) Something went wrong internally when Perl was trying to look up
5339 Unicode characters.
5340 Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by
5342 <-- HERE in m/%s/
5343 (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at
5344 most two branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want
5345 one or both to contain alternation, such as using
5346 "this|that|other", enclose it in clustering parentheses:
5347 (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause)
5349 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5351 problem was discovered. See perlre.
5352 Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5354 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause)
5355 construct is not known. The condition must be one of the
5356 following:
5357 (1) (2) ... true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched
5359 (<NAME>) ('NAME') true if named capture matched
5360 (?=...) (?<=...) true if subpattern matches
5361 (?!...) (?<!...) true if subpattern fails to match
5362 (?{ CODE }) true if code returns a true value
5363 (R) true if evaluating inside recursion
5364 (R1) (R2) ... true if directly inside capture group 1, 2, etc.
5365 (R&NAME) true if directly inside named capture
5366 (DEFINE) always false; for defining named subpatterns
5367 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5369 problem was discovered. See perlre.
5370 Switch (?(condition)... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
5372 m/%s/
5373 (F) You omitted to close a (?(condition)...) block somewhere in the
5374 pattern. Add a closing parenthesis in the appropriate position.
5375 See perlre.
5376 switching effective %s is not implemented
5378 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, we cannot switch the
5379 real and effective uids or gids.
5380 syntax error
5382 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
5383 A keyword is misspelled.
5385 A semicolon is missing.
5386 A comma is missing.
5387 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
5388 An opening or closing brace is missing.
5389 A closing quote is missing.
5390 Often there will be another error message associated with the
5392 syntax error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn
5393 on -w.) The error message itself often tells you where it was in
5394 the line when it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is
5395 several tokens before this, because Perl is good at understanding
5396 random input. Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and
5397 once in a blue moon the only way to figure out what's triggering
5398 the error is to call "perl -c" repeatedly, chopping away half the
5399 program each time to see if the error went away. Sort of the
5400 cybernetic version of 20 questions.
5401 syntax error at line %d: '%s' unexpected
5403 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
5404 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
5405 into Perl yourself.
5406 syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s"
5408 (F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through
5409 a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use
5410 strict" or "my $var" or "our $var".
5411 Syntax error in (?[...]) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5413 (F) Perl could not figure out what you meant inside this construct;
5414 this notifies you that it is giving up trying.
5415 %s syntax OK
5417 (F) The final summary message when a "perl -c" succeeds.
5418 sysread() on closed filehandle %s
5420 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
5421 sysread() on unopened filehandle %s
5423 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never
5424 opened.
5425 System V %s is not implemented on this machine
5427 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
5428 "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your
5429 machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be
5430 unconfigured. Consult your system support.
5431 syswrite() on closed filehandle %s
5433 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
5434 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
5435 "-T" and "-B" not implemented on filehandles
5437 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it
5438 doesn't know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a
5439 filename instead.
5440 Target of goto is too deeply nested
5442 (F) You tried to use "goto" to reach a label that was too deeply
5443 nested for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
5444 telldir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
5446 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to telldir() is either closed or not
5447 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
5448 tell() on unopened filehandle
5450 (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle
5451 that was either never opened or has since been closed.
5452 The alpha_assertions feature is experimental
5454 (S experimental::alpha_assertions) This feature is experimental and
5455 its behavior may change in any future release of perl. See
5456 "Extended Patterns" in perlre.
5457 The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia.
5459 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
5460 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because
5461 they think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least
5462 that they will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me
5463 on that, I will deny it.
5464 The experimental declared_refs feature is not enabled
5466 (F) To declare references to variables, as in "my \%x", you must
5467 first enable the feature:
5468 no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
5470 use feature "declared_refs";
5471 The %s function is unimplemented
5473 (F) The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture,
5474 according to the probings of Configure.
5475 The private_use feature is experimental
5477 (S experimental::private_use) This feature is actually a hook for
5478 future use.
5479 The regex_sets feature is experimental
5481 (S experimental::regex_sets) This warning is emitted if you use the
5482 syntax "(?[ ])" in a regular expression. The details of this
5483 feature are subject to change. If you want to use it, but know
5484 that in doing so you are taking the risk of using an experimental
5485 feature which may change in a future Perl version, you can do this
5486 to silence the warning:
5487 no warnings "experimental::regex_sets";
5489 The script_run feature is experimental
5491 (S experimental::script_run) This feature is experimental and its
5492 behavior may in any future release of perl. See "Script Runs" in
5493 perlre.
5494 The signatures feature is experimental
5496 (S experimental::signatures) This warning is emitted if you unwrap
5497 a subroutine's arguments using a signature. Simply suppress the
5498 warning if you want to use the feature, but know that in doing so
5499 you are taking the risk of using an experimental feature which may
5500 change or be removed in a future Perl version:
5501 no warnings "experimental::signatures";
5503 use feature "signatures";
5504 sub foo ($left, $right) { ... }
5505 The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat
5507 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic
5508 linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already
5509 went past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual
5510 filename instead.
5511 The Unicode property wildcards feature is experimental
5513 (S experimental::uniprop_wildcards) This feature is experimental
5514 and its behavior may in any future release of perl. See "Wildcards
5515 in Property Values" in perlunicode.
5516 The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables
5518 (F) This attribute was never supported on "my" or "sub"
5519 declarations.
5520 This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
5522 This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
5523 (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or
5524 delete an element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your
5525 copy of Perl wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv()
5526 function. You'll need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or
5527 redefine PERL_ENV_TABLES (see perlvms) so that the environ array
5528 isn't the target of the change to %ENV which produced the warning.
5529 This Perl has not been built with support for randomized hash key
5531 traversal but something called Perl_hv_rand_set().
5532 (F) Something has attempted to use an internal API call which
5533 depends on Perl being compiled with the default support for
5534 randomized hash key traversal, but this Perl has been compiled
5535 without it. You should report this warning to the relevant
5536 upstream party, or recompile perl with default options.
5537 This use of my() in false conditional is no longer allowed
5539 (F) You used a declaration similar to "my $x if 0". There has been
5540 a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical variable not to
5541 be cleared at scope exit when its declaration includes a false
5542 conditional. Some people have exploited this bug to achieve a kind
5543 of static variable. Since we intend to fix this bug, we don't want
5544 people relying on this behavior. You can achieve a similar static
5545 effect by declaring the variable in a separate block outside the
5546 function, eg
5547 sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
5549 becomes
5551 { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
5553 Beginning with perl 5.10.0, you can also use "state" variables to
5555 have lexicals that are initialized only once (see feature):
5556 sub f { state $x; return $x++ }
5558 This use of "my()" in a false conditional was deprecated beginning
5560 in Perl 5.10 and became a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
5561 times not implemented
5563 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I
5564 suspect you're not running on Unix.
5565 "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line
5567 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
5568 -T option (or the -t option), but Perl was not invoked with -T in
5569 its command line. This is an error because, by the time Perl
5570 discovers a -T in a script, it's too late to properly taint
5571 everything from the environment. So Perl gives up.
5572 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
5574 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be
5575 fixed by editing the #! line so that the -%c option is a part of
5576 Perl's first argument: e.g. change "perl -n -%c" to "perl -%c -n".
5577 If the Perl script is being executed as "perl scriptname", then the
5579 -%c option must appear on the command line: "perl -%c scriptname".
5580 To%s: illegal mapping '%s'
5582 (F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst,
5583 uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you
5584 specified an illegal mapping. See "User-Defined Character
5585 Properties" in perlunicode.
5586 Too deeply nested ()-groups
5588 (F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep
5589 nesting level.
5590 Too few args to syscall
5592 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify
5593 the system call to call, silly dilly.
5594 Too few arguments for subroutine '%s'
5596 (F) A subroutine using a signature fewer arguments than required by
5597 the signature. The caller of the subroutine is presumably at
5598 fault.
5599 The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
5601 If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
5602 will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used.
5603 Too late for "-%s" option
5605 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
5606 -M, -m or -C option.
5607 In the case of -M and -m, this is an error because those options
5609 are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the "use" pragma
5610 instead.
5611 The -C option only works if it is specified on the command line as
5613 well (with the same sequence of letters or numbers following).
5614 Either specify this option on the command line, or, if your system
5615 supports it, make your script executable and run it directly
5616 instead of passing it to perl.
5617 Too late to run %s block
5619 (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time
5620 proper, when the opportunity to run them has already passed.
5621 Perhaps you are loading a file with "require" or "do" when you
5622 should be using "use" instead. Or perhaps you should put the
5623 "require" or "do" inside a BEGIN block.
5624 Too many args to syscall
5626 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
5627 Too many arguments for %s
5629 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
5630 Too many arguments for subroutine '%s'
5632 (F) A subroutine using a signature received more arguments than
5633 permitted by the signature. The caller of the subroutine is
5634 presumably at fault.
5635 The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
5637 If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
5638 will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used.
5639 Too many nested open parens in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5641 (F) You have exceeded the number of open "(" parentheses that
5642 haven't been matched by corresponding closing ones. This limit
5643 prevents eating up too much memory. It is initially set to 1000,
5644 but may be changed by setting "${^RE_COMPILE_RECURSION_LIMIT}" to
5645 some other value. This may need to be done in a BEGIN block before
5646 the regular expression pattern is compiled.
5647 Too many )'s
5649 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5650 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5651 yourself.
5652 Too many ('s
5654 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5655 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5656 yourself.
5657 Trailing \ in regex m/%s/
5659 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
5660 Backslash it. See perlre.
5661 Transliteration pattern not terminated
5663 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or
5664 tr[][] or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading "$" from
5665 variables $tr or $y may cause this error.
5666 Transliteration replacement not terminated
5668 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][],
5669 y/// or y[][] construct.
5670 '%s' trapped by operation mask
5672 (F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which
5673 it's disallowed. See Safe.
5674 truncate not implemented
5676 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
5677 Configure knows about.
5678 Type of arg %d to &CORE::%s must be %s
5680 (F) The subroutine in question in the CORE package requires its
5681 argument to be a hard reference to data of the specified type.
5682 Overloading is ignored, so a reference to an object that is not the
5683 specified type, but nonetheless has overloading to handle it, will
5684 still not be accepted.
5685 Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
5687 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
5688 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or "@{EXPR}". Hashes must be
5689 %NAME or "%{EXPR}". No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
5690 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See perlref.
5691 umask not implemented
5693 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried
5694 to use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700).
5695 Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
5697 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5698 how many execution contexts were entered and left.
5699 Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
5701 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5702 how many values were temporarily localized.
5703 Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
5705 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5706 how many blocks were entered and left.
5707 Unbalanced string table refcount: (%d) for "%s"
5709 (S internal) On exit, Perl found some strings remaining in the
5710 shared string table used for copy on write and for hash keys. The
5711 entries should have been freed, so this indicates a bug somewhere.
5712 Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
5714 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5715 how many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
5716 Undefined format "%s" called
5718 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's
5719 really in another package? See perlform.
5720 Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
5722 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.
5723 Perhaps it's in a different package? See "sort" in perlfunc.
5724 Undefined subroutine &%s called
5726 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it
5727 has since been undefined.
5728 Undefined subroutine called
5730 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been
5731 defined, or if it was, it has since been undefined.
5732 Undefined subroutine in sort
5734 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't
5735 seem to have been defined yet. See "sort" in perlfunc.
5736 Undefined top format "%s" called
5738 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's
5739 really in another package? See perlform.
5740 Undefined value assigned to typeglob
5742 (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la "*foo
5743 = undef". This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean
5744 "undef *foo".
5745 %s: Undefined variable
5747 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5748 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5749 yourself.
5750 Unescaped left brace in regex is passed through in regex; marked by
5752 <-- HERE in m/%s/
5753 (W regexp) The simple rule to remember, if you want to match a
5754 literal "{" character (U+007B "LEFT CURLY BRACKET") in a regular
5755 expression pattern, is to escape each literal instance of it in
5756 some way. Generally easiest is to precede it with a backslash,
5757 like "\{" or enclose it in square brackets ("[{]"). If the pattern
5758 delimiters are also braces, any matching right brace ("}") should
5759 also be escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for example,
5760 qr{abc\{def\}ghi}
5762 Forcing literal "{" characters to be escaped will enable the Perl
5764 language to be extended in various ways in future releases. To
5765 avoid needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is is not
5766 enforced in contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions
5767 that could conflict with the use there of "{" as a literal. Those
5768 that are not potentially ambiguous do not warn; those that are do
5769 raise a non-deprecation warning.
5770 In this release of Perl, some literal uses of "{" are fatal, and
5772 some still just deprecated. This is because of an oversight: some
5773 uses of a literal "{" that should have raised a deprecation warning
5774 starting in v5.20 did not warn until v5.26. By making the already-
5775 warned uses fatal now, some of the planned extensions can be made
5776 to the language sooner. The cases which are still allowed will be
5777 fatal in Perl 5.32.
5778 The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are:
5780 · as the first character in a pattern, or following "^"
5782 indicating to anchor the match to the beginning of a line.
5783 · as the first character following a "|" indicating alternation.
5785 · as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like
5787 /foo({bar)/
5789 /foo(?:{bar)/
5790 · as the first character following a quantifier
5792 /\s*{/
5794 Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated here (and will be fatal in
5796 Perl 5.32), passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5797 (D deprecated, regexp) The simple rule to remember, if you want to
5798 match a literal "{" character (U+007B "LEFT CURLY BRACKET") in a
5799 regular expression pattern, is to escape each literal instance of
5800 it in some way. Generally easiest is to precede it with a
5801 backslash, like "\{" or enclose it in square brackets ("[{]"). If
5802 the pattern delimiters are also braces, any matching right brace
5803 ("}") should also be escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for
5804 example,
5805 qr{abc\{def\}ghi}
5807 Forcing literal "{" characters to be escaped will enable the Perl
5809 language to be extended in various ways in future releases. To
5810 avoid needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is is not
5811 enforced in contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions
5812 that could conflict with the use there of "{" as a literal. Those
5813 that are not potentially ambiguous do not warn; those that are do
5814 raise a non-deprecation warning.
5815 In this release of Perl, some literal uses of "{" are fatal, and
5817 some still just deprecated. This is because of an oversight: some
5818 uses of a literal "{" that should have raised a deprecation warning
5819 starting in v5.20 did not warn until v5.26. By making the already-
5820 warned uses fatal now, some of the planned extensions can be made
5821 to the language sooner. The cases which are still allowed will be
5822 fatal in Perl 5.32.
5823 The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are:
5825 · as the first character in a pattern, or following "^"
5827 indicating to anchor the match to the beginning of a line.
5828 · as the first character following a "|" indicating alternation.
5830 · as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like
5832 /foo({bar)/
5834 /foo(?:{bar)/
5835 · as the first character following a quantifier
5837 /\s*{/
5839 Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here in regex; marked by
5841 <-- HERE in m/%s/
5842 (F) The simple rule to remember, if you want to match a literal "{"
5843 character (U+007B "LEFT CURLY BRACKET") in a regular expression
5844 pattern, is to escape each literal instance of it in some way.
5845 Generally easiest is to precede it with a backslash, like "\{" or
5846 enclose it in square brackets ("[{]"). If the pattern delimiters
5847 are also braces, any matching right brace ("}") should also be
5848 escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for example,
5849 qr{abc\{def\}ghi}
5851 Forcing literal "{" characters to be escaped will enable the Perl
5853 language to be extended in various ways in future releases. To
5854 avoid needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is is not
5855 enforced in contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions
5856 that could conflict with the use there of "{" as a literal. Those
5857 that are not potentially ambiguous do not warn; those that are do
5858 raise a non-deprecation warning.
5859 In this release of Perl, some literal uses of "{" are fatal, and
5861 some still just deprecated. This is because of an oversight: some
5862 uses of a literal "{" that should have raised a deprecation warning
5863 starting in v5.20 did not warn until v5.26. By making the already-
5864 warned uses fatal now, some of the planned extensions can be made
5865 to the language sooner. The cases which are still allowed will be
5866 fatal in Perl 5.32.
5867 The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are:
5869 · as the first character in a pattern, or following "^"
5871 indicating to anchor the match to the beginning of a line.
5872 · as the first character following a "|" indicating alternation.
5874 · as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like
5876 /foo({bar)/
5878 /foo(?:{bar)/
5879 · as the first character following a quantifier
5881 /\s*{/
5883 Unescaped literal '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5885 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'")
5886 Within the scope of "use re 'strict'" in a regular expression
5888 pattern, you included an unescaped "}" or "]" which was interpreted
5889 literally. These two characters are sometimes metacharacters, and
5890 sometimes literals, depending on what precedes them in the pattern.
5891 This is unlike the similar ")" which is always a metacharacter
5892 unless escaped.
5893 This action at a distance, perhaps a large distance, can lead to
5895 Perl silently misinterpreting what you meant, so when you specify
5896 that you want extra checking by "use re 'strict'", this warning is
5897 generated. If you meant the character as a literal, simply confirm
5898 that to Perl by preceding the character with a backslash, or make
5899 it into a bracketed character class (like "[}]"). If you meant it
5900 as closing a corresponding "[" or "{", you'll need to look back
5901 through the pattern to find out why that isn't happening.
5902 unexec of %s into %s failed!
5904 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local
5905 FSF representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
5906 Unexpected binary operator '%c' with no preceding operand in regex;
5908 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5909 (F) You had something like this:
5910 (?[ | \p{Digit} ])
5912 where the "|" is a binary operator with an operand on the right,
5914 but no operand on the left.
5915 Unexpected character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5917 (F) You had something like this:
5918 (?[ z ])
5920 Within "(?[ ])", no literal characters are allowed unless they are
5922 within an inner pair of square brackets, like
5923 (?[ [ z ] ])
5925 Another possibility is that you forgot a backslash. Perl isn't
5927 smart enough to figure out what you really meant.
5928 Unexpected constant lvalue entersub entry via type/targ %d:%d
5930 (P) When compiling a subroutine call in lvalue context, Perl failed
5931 an internal consistency check. It encountered a malformed op tree.
5932 Unexpected exit %u
5934 (S) exit() was called or the script otherwise finished gracefully
5935 when "PERL_EXIT_WARN" was set in "PL_exit_flags".
5936 Unexpected exit failure %d
5938 (S) An uncaught die() was called when "PERL_EXIT_WARN" was set in
5939 "PL_exit_flags".
5940 Unexpected ')' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5942 (F) You had something like this:
5943 (?[ ( \p{Digit} + ) ])
5945 The ")" is out-of-place. Something apparently was supposed to be
5947 combined with the digits, or the "+" shouldn't be there, or
5948 something like that. Perl can't figure out what was intended.
5949 Unexpected ']' with no following ')' in (?[... in regex; marked by <--
5951 HERE in m/%s/
5952 (F) While parsing an extended character class a ']' character was
5953 encountered at a point in the definition where the only legal use
5954 of ']' is to close the character class definition as part of a
5955 '])', you may have forgotten the close paren, or otherwise confused
5956 the parser.
5957 Unexpected '(' with no preceding operator in regex; marked by <-- HERE
5959 in m/%s/
5960 (F) You had something like this:
5961 (?[ \p{Digit} ( \p{Lao} + \p{Thai} ) ])
5963 There should be an operator before the "(", as there's no
5965 indication as to how the digits are to be combined with the
5966 characters in the Lao and Thai scripts.
5967 Unicode non-character U+%X is not recommended for open interchange
5969 (S nonchar) Certain codepoints, such as U+FFFE and U+FFFF, are
5970 defined by the Unicode standard to be non-characters. Those are
5971 legal codepoints, but are reserved for internal use; so,
5972 applications shouldn't attempt to exchange them. An application
5973 may not be expecting any of these characters at all, and receiving
5974 them may lead to bugs. If you know what you are doing you can turn
5975 off this warning by "no warnings 'nonchar';".
5976 This is not really a "severe" error, but it is supposed to be
5978 raised by default even if warnings are not enabled, and currently
5979 the only way to do that in Perl is to mark it as serious.
5980 Unicode property wildcard not terminated
5982 (F) A Unicode property wildcard looks like a delimited regular
5983 expression pattern (all within the braces of the enclosing
5984 "\p{...}". The closing delimtter to match the opening one was not
5985 found. If the opening one is escaped by preceding it with a
5986 backslash, the closing one must also be so escaped.
5987 Unicode surrogate U+%X is illegal in UTF-8
5989 (S surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they
5990 are not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800
5991 and U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16.
5992 However, Perl internally allows all unsigned integer code points
5993 (up to the size limit available on your platform), including
5994 surrogates. But these can cause problems when being input or
5995 output, which is likely where this message came from. If you
5996 really really know what you are doing you can turn off this warning
5997 by "no warnings 'surrogate';".
5998 Unknown charname '%s'
6000 (F) The name you used inside "\N{}" is unknown to Perl. Check the
6001 spelling. You can say "use charnames ":loose"" to not have to be
6002 so precise about spaces, hyphens, and capitalization on standard
6003 Unicode names. (Any custom aliases that have been created must be
6004 specified exactly, regardless of whether ":loose" is used or not.)
6005 This error may also happen if the "\N{}" is not in the scope of the
6006 corresponding "use charnames".
6007 Unknown '(*...)' construct '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6009 (F) The "(*" was followed by something that the regular expression
6010 compiler does not recognize. Check your spelling.
6011 Unknown error
6013 (P) Perl was about to print an error message in $@, but the $@
6014 variable did not exist, even after an attempt to create it.
6015 Unknown locale category %d; can't set it to %s
6017 (W locale) You used a locale category that perl doesn't recognize,
6018 so it cannot carry out your request. Check that you are using a
6019 valid category. If so, see "Multi-threaded" in perllocale for
6020 advice on reporting this as a bug, and for modifying perl locally
6021 to accommodate your needs.
6022 Unknown open() mode '%s'
6024 (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
6025 of valid modes: "<", ">", ">>", "+<", "+>", "+>>", "-|", "|-",
6026 "<&", ">&".
6027 Unknown PerlIO layer "%s"
6029 (W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the
6030 Perl I/O system. (Layers take care of transforming data between
6031 external and internal representations.) Note that some layers,
6032 such as "mmap", are not supported in all environments. If your
6033 program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be
6034 the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
6035 Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
6037 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV
6038 before iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the
6039 stream of data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps
6040 trying to subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
6041 Unknown regexp modifier "/%s"
6043 (F) Alphanumerics immediately following the closing delimiter of a
6044 regular expression pattern are interpreted by Perl as modifier
6045 flags for the regex. One of the ones you specified is invalid.
6046 One way this can happen is if you didn't put in white space between
6047 the end of the regex and a following alphanumeric operator:
6048 if ($a =~ /foo/and $bar == 3) { ... }
6050 The "a" is a valid modifier flag, but the "n" is not, and raises
6052 this error. Likely what was meant instead was:
6053 if ($a =~ /foo/ and $bar == 3) { ... }
6055 Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)
6057 (W) You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma.
6058 Unknown switch condition (?(...)) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6060 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause)
6061 construct is not known. The condition must be one of the
6062 following:
6063 (1) (2) ... true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched
6065 (<NAME>) ('NAME') true if named capture matched
6066 (?=...) (?<=...) true if subpattern matches
6067 (*pla:...) (*plb:...) true if subpattern matches; also
6068 (*positive_lookahead:...)
6069 (*positive_lookbehind:...)
6070 (*nla:...) (*nlb:...) true if subpattern fails to match; also
6071 (*negative_lookahead:...)
6072 (*negative_lookbehind:...)
6073 (?{ CODE }) true if code returns a true value
6074 (R) true if evaluating inside recursion
6075 (R1) (R2) ... true if directly inside capture group 1, 2,
6076 etc.
6077 (R&NAME) true if directly inside named capture
6078 (DEFINE) always false; for defining named subpatterns
6079 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6081 problem was discovered. See perlre.
6082 Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'
6084 (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See perlrun
6085 documentation of the "-C" switch for the list of known options.
6086 Unknown Unicode option value %d
6088 (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See perlrun
6089 documentation of the "-C" switch for the list of known options.
6090 Unknown verb pattern '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6092 (F) You either made a typo or have incorrectly put a "*" quantifier
6093 after an open brace in your pattern. Check the pattern and review
6094 perlre for details on legal verb patterns.
6095 Unknown warnings category '%s'
6097 (F) An error issued by the "warnings" pragma. You specified a
6098 warnings category that is unknown to perl at this point.
6099 Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a
6101 module (e.g. "use warnings 'File::Find'"), you must have loaded
6102 this module first.
6103 Unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6105 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish
6106 to include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or
6107 put it first. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular
6108 expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
6109 Unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6111 Unmatched ) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6112 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
6113 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for
6114 finding the matching parenthesis. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
6115 in the regular expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
6116 Unmatched right %s bracket
6118 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than
6119 opening ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening
6120 bracket. As a general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to
6121 speak) near the place you were last editing.
6122 Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
6124 (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a
6125 reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or
6126 capitalize it somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might
6127 also declare it as a subroutine.
6128 Unrecognized character %s; marked by <-- HERE after %s near column %d
6130 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified
6131 character in your Perl script (or eval) near the specified column.
6132 Perhaps you tried to run a compressed script, a binary program, or
6133 a directory as a Perl program.
6134 Unrecognized escape \%c in character class in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6136 in m/%s/
6137 (F) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6138 recognized by Perl inside character classes. This is a fatal error
6139 when the character class is used within "(?[ ])".
6140 Unrecognized escape \%c in character class passed through in regex;
6142 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6143 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6144 recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was
6145 understood literally, but this may change in a future version of
6146 Perl. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6147 escape was discovered.
6148 Unrecognized escape \%c passed through
6150 (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6151 recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally, but
6152 this may change in a future version of Perl.
6153 Unrecognized escape \%s passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6155 m/%s/
6156 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6157 recognized by Perl. The character(s) were understood literally,
6158 but this may change in a future version of Perl. The <-- HERE
6159 shows whereabouts in the regular expression the escape was
6160 discovered.
6161 Unrecognized signal name "%s"
6163 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
6164 recognized. Say "kill -l" in your shell to see the valid signal
6165 names on your system.
6166 Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)
6168 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If
6169 you think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's
6170 supplying the bad switch on your behalf.)
6171 Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
6173 (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that
6174 operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a
6175 newline, PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See
6176 "chomp" in perlfunc.
6177 Unsupported directory function "%s" called
6179 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
6180 Unsupported function %s
6182 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function,
6183 apparently. At least, Configure doesn't think so.
6184 Unsupported function fork
6186 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
6187 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different
6189 flavors of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some
6190 not. Try changing the name you call Perl by to "perl_", "perl__",
6191 and so on.
6192 Unsupported script encoding %s
6194 (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM)
6195 which declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot
6196 read.
6197 Unsupported socket function "%s" called
6199 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or
6200 at least that's what Configure thought.
6201 Unterminated '(*...' argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6203 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*...:...)" but did not
6204 terminate the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6205 Unterminated attribute list
6207 (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the
6208 start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a
6209 block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous
6210 attribute too soon. See attributes.
6211 Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list
6213 (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while
6214 parsing an attribute list, but the matching closing (right)
6215 parenthesis character was not found. You may need to add (or
6216 remove) a backslash character to get your parentheses to balance.
6217 See attributes.
6218 Unterminated compressed integer
6220 (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER
6221 compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer.
6222 See "pack" in perlfunc.
6223 Unterminated '(*...' construct in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6225 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*...)" but did not terminate
6226 the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6227 Unterminated delimiter for here document
6229 (F) This message occurs when a here document label has an initial
6230 quotation mark but the final quotation mark is missing. Perhaps
6231 you wrote:
6232 <<"foo
6234 instead of:
6236 <<"foo"
6238 Unterminated \g... pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6240 Unterminated \g{...} pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6241 (F) In a regular expression, you had a "\g" that wasn't followed by
6242 a proper group reference. In the case of "\g{", the closing brace
6243 is missing; otherwise the "\g" must be followed by an integer. Fix
6244 the pattern and retry.
6245 Unterminated <> operator
6247 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was
6248 expecting a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle
6249 bracket, and not finding it. Chances are you left some needed
6250 parentheses out earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
6251 than".
6252 Unterminated verb pattern argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6254 m/%s/
6255 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*VERB:ARG)" but did not
6256 terminate the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6257 Unterminated verb pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6259 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*VERB)" but did not terminate
6260 the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6261 untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
6263 (W untie) A copy of the object returned from "tie" (or "tied") was
6264 still valid when "untie" was called.
6265 Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)
6267 (F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments. See
6268 "FUNCTIONS" in POSIX for more information.
6269 Usage: Win32::%s(%s)
6271 (F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments. See
6272 Win32 for more information.
6273 $[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)
6275 (W syntax) You used $[ in a comparison, such as:
6276 if ($[ > 5.006) {
6278 ...
6279 }
6280 You probably meant to use $] instead. $[ is the base for indexing
6282 arrays. $] is the Perl version number in decimal.
6283 Use "%s" instead of "%s"
6285 (F) The second listed construct is no longer legal. Use the first
6286 one instead.
6287 Useless assignment to a temporary
6289 (W misc) You assigned to an lvalue subroutine, but what the
6290 subroutine returned was a temporary scalar about to be discarded,
6291 so the assignment had no effect.
6292 Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6294 m/%s/
6295 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that
6296 has no meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:
6297 if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... }
6299 must be written as
6301 if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }
6303 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6305 problem was discovered. See perlre.
6306 Useless localization of %s
6308 (W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as "local($x=10)" is
6309 legal, but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may
6310 change at some point in the future, but in the meantime such code
6311 is discouraged.
6312 Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6314 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has
6315 no meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
6316 if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
6318 must be written as
6320 if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
6322 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6324 problem was discovered. See perlre.
6325 Useless use of attribute "const"
6327 (W misc) The "const" attribute has no effect except on anonymous
6328 closure prototypes. You applied it to a subroutine via
6329 attributes.pm. This is only useful inside an attribute handler for
6330 an anonymous subroutine.
6331 Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator
6333 (W misc) You have used the /d modifier where the searchlist has the
6334 same length as the replacelist. See perlop for more information
6335 about the /d modifier.
6336 Useless use of \E
6338 (W misc) You have a \E in a double-quotish string without a "\U",
6339 "\L" or "\Q" preceding it.
6340 Useless use of greediness modifier '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6342 m/%s/
6343 (W regexp) You specified something like these:
6344 qr/a{3}?/
6346 qr/b{1,1}+/
6347 The "?" and "+" don't have any effect, as they modify whether to
6349 match more or fewer when there is a choice, and by specifying to
6350 match exactly a given numer, there is no room left for a choice.
6351 Useless use of %s in void context
6353 (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that
6354 does nothing with the return value, such as a statement that
6355 doesn't return a value from a block, or the left side of a scalar
6356 comma operator. Very often this points not to stupidity on your
6357 part, but a failure of Perl to parse your program the way you
6358 thought it would. For example, you'd get this if you mixed up your
6359 C precedence with Python precedence and said
6360 $one, $two = 1, 2;
6362 when you meant to say
6364 ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
6366 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a
6368 list reference when you should be using square or curly brackets,
6369 for example, if you say
6370 $array = (1,2);
6372 when you should have said
6374 $array = [1,2];
6376 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar
6378 value, while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is
6379 evaluated in a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma
6380 operator, which throws away the left argument, which is not what
6381 you want. See perlref for more on this.
6382 This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0
6384 or 1 since they are often used in statements like
6385 1 while sub_with_side_effects();
6387 String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned
6389 about.
6390 Useless use of (?-p) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6392 (W regexp) The "p" modifier cannot be turned off once set. Trying
6393 to do so is futile.
6394 Useless use of "re" pragma
6396 (W) You did "use re;" without any arguments. That isn't very
6397 useful.
6398 Useless use of sort in scalar context
6400 (W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in :
6401 my $x = sort @y;
6403 This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away.
6405 Useless use of %s with no values
6407 (W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no
6408 arguments apart from the array, like "push(@x)" or "unshift(@foo)".
6409 That won't usually have any effect on the array, so is completely
6410 useless. It's possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could
6411 have some effect if the array is tied to a class which implements a
6412 PUSH method. If so, you can write it as "push(@tied_array,())" to
6413 avoid this warning.
6414 "use" not allowed in expression
6416 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time,
6417 and returns no useful value. See perlmod.
6418 Use of bare << to mean <<"" is forbidden
6420 (F) You are now required to use the explicitly quoted form if you
6421 wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
6422 Use of a bare terminator was deprecated in Perl 5.000, and is a
6424 fatal error as of Perl 5.28.
6425 Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///
6427 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c
6428 modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions.
6429 Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g
6431 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but
6432 didn't use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when
6433 /g is used. (This may change in the future.)
6434 Use of code point 0x%s is not allowed; the permissible max is 0x%x
6436 Use of code point 0x%s is not allowed; the permissible max is 0x%x in
6437 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6438 (F) You used a code point that is not allowed, because it is too
6439 large. Unicode only allows code points up to 0x10FFFF, but Perl
6440 allows much larger ones. Earlier versions of Perl allowed code
6441 points above IV_MAX (0x7FFFFFF on 32-bit platforms,
6442 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF on 64-bit platforms), however, this could
6443 possibly break the perl interpreter in some constructs, including
6444 causing it to hang in a few cases.
6445 If your code is to run on various platforms, keep in mind that the
6447 upper limit depends on the platform. It is much larger on 64-bit
6448 word sizes than 32-bit ones.
6449 The use of out of range code points was deprecated in Perl 5.24,
6451 and became a fatal error in Perl 5.28.
6452 Use of each() on hash after insertion without resetting hash iterator
6454 results in undefined behavior
6455 (S internal) The behavior of "each()" after insertion is undefined;
6456 it may skip items, or visit items more than once. Consider using
6457 "keys()" instead of "each()".
6458 Use of := for an empty attribute list is not allowed
6460 (F) The construction "my $x := 42" used to parse as equivalent to
6461 "my $x : = 42" (applying an empty attribute list to $x). This
6462 construct was deprecated in 5.12.0, and has now been made a syntax
6463 error, so ":=" can be reclaimed as a new operator in the future.
6464 If you need an empty attribute list, for example in a code
6466 generator, add a space before the "=".
6467 Use of %s for non-UTF-8 locale is wrong. Assuming a UTF-8 locale
6469 (W locale) You are matching a regular expression using locale
6470 rules, and the specified construct was encountered. This construct
6471 is only valid for UTF-8 locales, which the current locale isn't.
6472 This doesn't make sense. Perl will continue, assuming a Unicode
6473 (UTF-8) locale, but the results are likely to be wrong.
6474 Use of freed value in iteration
6476 (F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop? This
6477 error is typically caused by code like the following:
6478 @a = (3,4);
6480 @a = () for (1,2,@a);
6481 You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated
6483 over. For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not
6484 do full reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such
6485 an item in the middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed
6486 value.
6487 Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split
6489 (W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a "split"
6490 operator. Since "split" always tries to match the pattern
6491 repeatedly, the "/g" has no effect.
6492 Use of "goto" to jump into a construct is deprecated
6494 (D deprecated) Using "goto" to jump from an outer scope into an
6495 inner scope is deprecated and should be avoided.
6496 This was deprecated in Perl 5.12.
6498 Use of '%s' in \p{} or \P{} is deprecated because: %s
6500 (D deprecated) Certain properties are deprecated by Unicode, and
6501 may eventually be removed from the Standard, at which time Perl
6502 will follow along. In the meantime, this message is raised to
6503 notify you.
6504 Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%s() is no longer allowed
6506 (F) As an accidental feature, "AUTOLOAD" subroutines were looked up
6507 as methods (using the @ISA hierarchy), even when the subroutines to
6508 be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g. "Foo::bar()"),
6509 not as methods (e.g. "Foo->bar()" or "$obj->bar()").
6510 This was deprecated in Perl 5.004, and was made fatal in Perl 5.28.
6512 Use of %s in printf format not supported
6514 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible
6515 from only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in
6516 Perl.
6517 Use of -l on filehandle%s
6519 (W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened
6520 the file it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying
6521 to look for. The operation returned "undef". Use a filename
6522 instead.
6523 Use of reference "%s" as array index
6525 (W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this
6526 probably isn't what you mean, because references in numerical
6527 context tend to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates
6528 programmer error.
6529 If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like
6531 so: $array[0+$ref]. This warning is not given for overloaded
6532 objects, however, because you can overload the numification and
6533 stringification operators and then you presumably know what you are
6534 doing.
6535 Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to %s operator
6537 is not allowed
6538 (F) You tried to use one of the string bitwise operators ("&" or
6539 "|" or "^" or "~") on a string containing a code point over 0xFF.
6540 The string bitwise operators treat their operands as strings of
6541 bytes, and values beyond 0xFF are nonsensical in this context.
6542 This became fatal in Perl 5.28.
6544 Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to "vec" is
6546 deprecated. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.32
6547 (D deprecated) You tried to use "vec" on a string containing a code
6548 point over 0xFF, which is nonsensical here.
6549 Such usage will be a fatal error in Perl 5.32.
6551 Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated
6553 (W taint, deprecated) You have supplied "system()" or "exec()" with
6554 multiple arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used
6555 to be allowed but will become a fatal error in a future version of
6556 perl. Untaint your arguments. See perlsec.
6557 Use of unassigned code point or non-standalone grapheme for a delimiter
6559 is not allowed
6560 (F) A grapheme is what appears to a native-speaker of a language to
6561 be a character. In Unicode (and hence Perl) a grapheme may
6562 actually be several adjacent characters that together form a
6563 complete grapheme. For example, there can be a base character,
6564 like "R" and an accent, like a circumflex "^", that appear when
6565 displayed to be a single character with the circumflex hovering
6566 over the "R". Perl currently allows things like that circumflex to
6567 be delimiters of strings, patterns, etc. When displayed, the
6568 circumflex would look like it belongs to the character just to the
6569 left of it. In order to move the language to be able to accept
6570 graphemes as delimiters, we cannot allow the use of delimiters
6571 which aren't graphemes by themselves. Also, a delimiter must
6572 already be assigned (or known to be never going to be assigned) to
6573 try to future-proof code, for otherwise code that works today would
6574 fail to compile if the currently unassigned delimiter ends up being
6575 something that isn't a stand-alone grapheme. Because Unicode is
6576 never going to assign non-character code points, nor code points
6577 that are above the legal Unicode maximum, those can be delimiters,
6578 and their use is legal.
6579 Use of uninitialized value%s
6581 (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already
6582 defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a
6583 mistake. To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your
6584 variables.
6585 To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell
6587 you the name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some
6588 cases it cannot do this, so it also tells you what operation you
6589 used the undefined value in. Note, however, that perl optimizes
6590 your program and the operation displayed in the warning may not
6591 necessarily appear literally in your program. For example, "that
6592 $foo" is usually optimized into ""that " . $foo", and the warning
6593 will refer to the "concatenation (.)" operator, even though there
6594 is no "." in your program.
6595 "use re 'strict'" is experimental
6597 (S experimental::re_strict) The things that are different when a
6598 regular expression pattern is compiled under 'strict' are subject
6599 to change in future Perl releases in incompatible ways. This means
6600 that a pattern that compiles today may not in a future Perl
6601 release. This warning is to alert you to that risk.
6602 Use \x{...} for more than two hex characters in regex; marked by
6604 <-- HERE in m/%s/
6605 (F) In a regular expression, you said something like
6606 (?[ [ \xBEEF ] ])
6608 Perl isn't sure if you meant this
6610 (?[ [ \x{BEEF} ] ])
6612 or if you meant this
6614 (?[ [ \x{BE} E F ] ])
6616 You need to add either braces or blanks to disambiguate.
6618 Using just the first character returned by \N{} in character class in
6620 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6621 (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes "(\N{...})" may return a
6622 multi-character sequence. Even though a character class is
6623 supposed to match just one character of input, perl will match the
6624 whole thing correctly, except when the class is inverted
6625 ("[^...]"), or the escape is the beginning or final end point of a
6626 range. For these, what should happen isn't clear at all. In these
6627 circumstances, Perl discards all but the first character of the
6628 returned sequence, which is not likely what you want.
6629 Using /u for '%s' instead of /%s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6631 (W regexp) You used a Unicode boundary ("\b{...}" or "\B{...}") in
6632 a portion of a regular expression where the character set modifiers
6633 "/a" or "/aa" are in effect. These two modifiers indicate an ASCII
6634 interpretation, and this doesn't make sense for a Unicode
6635 definition. The generated regular expression will compile so that
6636 the boundary uses all of Unicode. No other portion of the regular
6637 expression is affected.
6638 Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense
6640 (F) Using the "!~" operator with "s///r", "tr///r" or "y///r" is
6641 currently reserved for future use, as the exact behavior has not
6642 been decided. (Simply returning the boolean opposite of the
6643 modified string is usually not particularly useful.)
6644 UTF-16 surrogate U+%X
6646 (S surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they
6647 are not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800
6648 and U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16.
6649 However, Perl internally allows all unsigned integer code points
6650 (up to the size limit available on your platform), including
6651 surrogates. But these can cause problems when being input or
6652 output, which is likely where this message came from. If you
6653 really really know what you are doing you can turn off this warning
6654 by "no warnings 'surrogate';".
6655 Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
6657 (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*>
6658 (glob), "each()", or "readdir()" as a boolean value. Each of these
6659 constructs can return a value of "0"; that would make the
6660 conditional expression false, which is probably not what you
6661 intended. When using these constructs in conditional expressions,
6662 test their values with the "defined" operator.
6663 Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long
6665 (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value
6666 of an %ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant
6667 string longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been
6668 truncated to 1024 characters.
6669 Variable "%s" is not available
6671 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval
6672 is attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently
6673 available. This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the
6674 outer lexical may be declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that
6675 has not yet been created. (Remember that named subs are created at
6676 compile time, while anonymous subs are created at run-time.) For
6677 example,
6678 sub { my $a; sub f { $a } }
6680 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value
6682 of $a, since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet.
6683 Conversely, the following won't give a warning since the anonymous
6684 subroutine has by now been created and is live:
6685 sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->();
6687 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that
6689 has gone out of scope, for example,
6690 sub f {
6692 my $a;
6693 sub { eval '$a' }
6694 }
6695 f()->();
6696 Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not
6698 currently being executed, so its $a is not available for capture.
6699 Variable "%s" is not imported%s
6701 (S misc) With "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global
6702 variable that you apparently thought was imported from another
6703 module, because something else of the same name (usually a
6704 subroutine) is exported by that module. It usually means you put
6705 the wrong funny character on the front of your variable.
6706 Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex m/%s/
6708 (F) This message no longer should be raised as of Perl 5.30. It is
6709 retained in this document as a convenience for people using an
6710 earlier Perl version.
6711 In Perl 5.30 and earlier, lookbehind is allowed only for
6713 subexpressions whose length is fixed and known at compile time.
6714 For positive lookbehind, you can use the "\K" regex construct as a
6715 way to get the equivalent functionality. See (?<=pattern) and \K
6716 in perlre.
6717 Starting in Perl 5.18, there are non-obvious Unicode rules under
6719 "/i" that can match variably, but which you might not think could.
6720 For example, the substring "ss" can match the single character
6721 LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S. Here's a complete list of the current
6722 ones affecting ASCII characters:
6723 ASCII
6725 sequence Matches single letter under /i
6726 FF U+FB00 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FF
6727 FFI U+FB03 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFI
6728 FFL U+FB04 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFL
6729 FI U+FB01 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FI
6730 FL U+FB02 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FL
6731 SS U+00DF LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S
6732 U+1E9E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S
6733 ST U+FB06 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE ST
6734 U+FB05 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE LONG S T
6735 This list is subject to change, but is quite unlikely to. Each
6737 ASCII sequence can be any combination of upper- and lowercase.
6738 You can avoid this by using a bracketed character class in the
6740 lookbehind assertion, like
6741 (?<![sS]t)
6743 (?<![fF]f[iI])
6744 This fools Perl into not matching the ligatures.
6746 Another option for Perls starting with 5.16, if you only care about
6748 ASCII matches, is to add the "/aa" modifier to the regex. This
6749 will exclude all these non-obvious matches, thus getting rid of
6750 this message. You can also say
6751 use if $] ge 5.016, re => '/aa';
6753 to apply "/aa" to all regular expressions compiled within its
6755 scope. See re.
6756 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
6758 (W shadow) A "my", "our" or "state" variable has been redeclared in
6759 the current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access
6760 to the previous instance. This is almost always a typographical
6761 error. Note that the earlier variable will still exist until the
6762 end of the scope or until all closure references to it are
6763 destroyed.
6764 Variable syntax
6766 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
6767 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
6768 yourself.
6769 Variable "%s" will not stay shared
6771 (W closure) An inner (nested) named subroutine is referencing a
6772 lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine.
6773 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of the
6775 outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
6776 call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to
6777 the outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines
6778 will no longer share a common value for the variable. In other
6779 words, the variable will no longer be shared.
6780 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
6782 anonymous, using the "sub {}" syntax. When inner anonymous subs
6783 that reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they are
6784 automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
6785 vector argument not supported with alpha versions
6787 (S printf) The %vd (s)printf format does not support version
6788 objects with alpha parts.
6789 Verb pattern '%s' has a mandatory argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6791 in m/%s/
6792 (F) You used a verb pattern that requires an argument. Supply an
6793 argument or check that you are using the right verb.
6794 Verb pattern '%s' may not have an argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6796 in m/%s/
6797 (F) You used a verb pattern that is not allowed an argument.
6798 Remove the argument or check that you are using the right verb.
6799 Version control conflict marker
6801 (F) The parser found a line starting with "<<<<<<<", ">>>>>>>", or
6802 "=======". These may be left by a version control system to mark
6803 conflicts after a failed merge operation.
6804 Version number must be a constant number
6806 (P) The attempt to translate a "use Module n.n LIST" statement into
6807 its equivalent "BEGIN" block found an internal inconsistency with
6808 the version number.
6809 Version string '%s' contains invalid data; ignoring: '%s'
6811 (W misc) The version string contains invalid characters at the end,
6812 which are being ignored.
6813 Warning: something's wrong
6815 (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of "warn """)
6816 or you called it with no args and $@ was empty.
6817 Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
6819 (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication
6820 on the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of
6821 disk space.
6822 Warning: unable to close filehandle properly: %s
6824 Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly: %s
6825 (S io) There were errors during the implicit close() done on a
6826 filehandle when its reference count reached zero while it was still
6827 open, e.g.:
6828 {
6830 open my $fh, '>', $file or die "open: '$file': $!\n";
6831 print $fh $data or die "print: $!";
6832 } # implicit close here
6833 Because various errors may only be detected by close() (e.g.
6835 buffering could allow the "print" in this example to return true
6836 even when the disk is full), it is dangerous to ignore its result.
6837 So when it happens implicitly, perl will signal errors by warning.
6838 Prior to version 5.22.0, perl ignored such errors, so the common
6840 idiom shown above was liable to cause silent data loss.
6841 Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
6843 (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that
6844 looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted
6845 as a term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the
6846 rand function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
6847 rand + 5;
6849 you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
6851 rand() + 5;
6853 but in actual fact, you got
6855 rand(+5);
6857 So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
6859 when is experimental
6861 (S experimental::smartmatch) "when" depends on smartmatch, which is
6862 experimental. Additionally, it has several special cases that may
6863 not be immediately obvious, and their behavior may change or even
6864 be removed in any future release of perl. See the explanation
6865 under "Experimental Details on given and when" in perlsyn.
6866 Wide character in %s
6868 (S utf8) Perl met a wide character (ordinal >255) when it wasn't
6869 expecting one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print).
6870 If this warning does come from I/O, the easiest way to quiet it is
6872 simply to add the ":utf8" layer, e.g., "binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'".
6873 Another way to turn off the warning is to add "no warnings 'utf8';"
6874 but that is often closer to cheating. In general, you are supposed
6875 to explicitly mark the filehandle with an encoding, see open and
6876 "binmode" in perlfunc.
6877 If the warning comes from other than I/O, this diagnostic probably
6879 indicates that incorrect results are being obtained. You should
6880 examine your code to determine how a wide character is getting to
6881 an operation that doesn't handle them.
6882 Wide character (U+%X) in %s
6884 (W locale) While in a single-byte locale (i.e., a non-UTF-8 one), a
6885 multi-byte character was encountered. Perl considers this
6886 character to be the specified Unicode code point. Combining
6887 non-UTF-8 locales and Unicode is dangerous. Almost certainly some
6888 characters will have two different representations. For example,
6889 in the ISO 8859-7 (Greek) locale, the code point 0xC3 represents a
6890 Capital Gamma. But so also does 0x393. This will make string
6891 comparisons unreliable.
6892 You likely need to figure out how this multi-byte character got
6894 mixed up with your single-byte locale (or perhaps you thought you
6895 had a UTF-8 locale, but Perl disagrees).
6896 Within []-length '%c' not allowed
6898 (F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by
6899 "[TEMPLATE]" only if "TEMPLATE" always matches the same amount of
6900 packed bytes that can be determined from the template alone. This
6901 is not possible if it contains any of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a
6902 *-length. Redesign the template.
6903 %s() with negative argument
6905 (S misc) Certain operations make no sense with negative arguments.
6906 Warning is given and the operation is not done.
6907 write() on closed filehandle %s
6909 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
6910 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
6911 %s "\x%X" does not map to Unicode
6913 (S utf8) When reading in different encodings, Perl tries to map
6914 everything into Unicode characters. The bytes you read in are not
6915 legal in this encoding. For example
6916 utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode
6918 if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8.
6920 'X' outside of string
6922 (F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position
6923 before the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See "pack" in
6924 perlfunc.
6925 'x' outside of string in unpack
6927 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position
6928 after the end of the string being unpacked. See "pack" in
6929 perlfunc.
6930 YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
6932 (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have
6933 the sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a
6934 rip about what you want. There is a vulnerability anywhere that
6935 you have a set-id script, and to close it you need to remove the
6936 set-id bit from the script that you're attempting to run. To
6937 actually run the script set-id, your best bet is to put a set-id C
6938 wrapper around your script.
6939 You need to quote "%s"
6941 (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
6942 Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared,
6943 which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the
6944 assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If
6945 it IS what you want, put an & in front.)
6946 Your random numbers are not that random
6948 (F) When trying to initialize the random seed for hashes, Perl
6949 could not get any randomness out of your system. This usually
6950 indicates Something Very Wrong.
6951 Zero length \N{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6953 (F) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a zero-
6954 length sequence. Such an escape was used in an extended character
6955 class, i.e. "(?[...])", or under "use re 'strict'", which is not
6956 permitted. Check that the correct escape has been used, and the
6957 correct charnames handler is in scope. The <-- HERE shows
6958 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
6959
6961 warnings, diagnostics.
6962perl v5.30.2 2020-03-27 PERLDIAG(1)