1PERLDIAG(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLDIAG(1)
2
6 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7
9 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10 desperation):
11 (W) A warning (optional).
13 (D) A deprecation (enabled by default).
14 (S) A severe warning (enabled by default).
15 (F) A fatal error (trappable).
16 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
17 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
18 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
19 The majority of messages from the first three classifications above (W,
21 D & S) can be controlled using the "warnings" pragma.
22 If a message can be controlled by the "warnings" pragma, its warning
24 category is included with the classification letter in the description
25 below. E.g. "(W closed)" means a warning in the "closed" category.
26 Optional warnings are enabled by using the "warnings" pragma or the -w
28 and -W switches. Warnings may be captured by setting $SIG{__WARN__} to
29 a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead of
30 printing it. See perlvar.
31 Severe warnings are always enabled, unless they are explicitly disabled
33 with the "warnings" pragma or the -X switch.
34 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See "eval" in
36 perlfunc. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively disabled or
37 promoted to fatal errors using the "warnings" pragma. See warnings.
38 The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or
40 lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are
41 denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are
42 ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than
43 letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a
44 letter.
45 accept() on closed socket %s
47 (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you
48 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
49 "accept" in perlfunc.
50 Aliasing via reference is experimental
52 (S experimental::refaliasing) This warning is emitted if you use a
53 reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment to
54 alias one variable to another. Simply suppress the warning if you
55 want to use the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking
56 the risk of using an experimental feature which may change or be
57 removed in a future Perl version:
58 no warnings "experimental::refaliasing";
60 use feature "refaliasing";
61 \$x = \$y;
62 Allocation too large: %x
64 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
65 '%c' allowed only after types %s in %s
67 (F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or
68 unpack() only after certain types. See "pack" in perlfunc.
69 alpha->numify() is lossy
71 (W numeric) An alpha version can not be numified without losing
72 information.
73 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
75 (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a
76 Perl keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for
77 calling one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because
78 the subroutine is not imported.
79 To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an
81 ampersand before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its
82 package. Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend
83 that it's imported with the "use subs" pragma).
84 To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the "CORE::"
86 prefix on the operator (e.g. "CORE::log($x)") or declare the
87 subroutine to be an object method (see "Subroutine Attributes" in
88 perlsub or attributes).
89 Ambiguous range in transliteration operator
91 (F) You wrote something like "tr/a-z-0//" which doesn't mean
92 anything at all. To include a "-" character in a transliteration,
93 put it either first or last. (In the past, "tr/a-z-0//" was
94 synonymous with "tr/a-y//", which was probably not what you would
95 have expected.)
96 Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
98 (S ambiguous) You said something that may not be interpreted the
99 way you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by
100 supplying a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or
101 declaration.
102 Ambiguous use of -%s resolved as -&%s()
104 (S ambiguous) You wrote something like "-foo", which might be the
105 string "-foo", or a call to the function "foo", negated. If you
106 meant the string, just write "-foo". If you meant the function
107 call, write "-foo()".
108 Ambiguous use of %c resolved as operator %c
110 (S ambiguous) "%", "&", and "*" are both infix operators (modulus,
111 bitwise and, and multiplication) and initial special characters
112 (denoting hashes, subroutines and typeglobs), and you said
113 something like "*foo * foo" that might be interpreted as either of
114 them. We assumed you meant the infix operator, but please try to
115 make it more clear -- in the example given, you might write "*foo *
116 foo()" if you really meant to multiply a glob by the result of
117 calling a function.
118 Ambiguous use of %c{%s} resolved to %c%s
120 (W ambiguous) You wrote something like "@{foo}", which might be
121 asking for the variable @foo, or it might be calling a function
122 named foo, and dereferencing it as an array reference. If you
123 wanted the variable, you can just write @foo. If you wanted to
124 call the function, write "@{foo()}" ... or you could just not have
125 a variable and a function with the same name, and save yourself a
126 lot of trouble.
127 Ambiguous use of %c{%s[...]} resolved to %c%s[...]
129 Ambiguous use of %c{%s{...}} resolved to %c%s{...}
130 (W ambiguous) You wrote something like "${foo[2]}" (where foo
131 represents the name of a Perl keyword), which might be looking for
132 element number 2 of the array named @foo, in which case please
133 write $foo[2], or you might have meant to pass an anonymous
134 arrayref to the function named foo, and then do a scalar deref on
135 the value it returns. If you meant that, write "${foo([2])}".
136 In regular expressions, the "${foo[2]}" syntax is sometimes
138 necessary to disambiguate between array subscripts and character
139 classes. "/$length[2345]/", for instance, will be interpreted as
140 $length followed by the character class "[2345]". If an array
141 subscript is what you want, you can avoid the warning by changing
142 "/${length[2345]}/" to the unsightly "/${\$length[2345]}/", by
143 renaming your array to something that does not coincide with a
144 built-in keyword, or by simply turning off warnings with "no
145 warnings 'ambiguous';".
146 '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
148 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
149 redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also
150 tried to redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a
151 customer, please.
152 '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
154 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
155 redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file
156 and into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the
157 other, though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or
158 Perl script which 'splits' output into two streams, such as
159 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
161 while (<STDIN>) {
162 print;
163 print OUT;
164 }
165 close OUT;
166 Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
168 (W misc) The pattern match ("//"), substitution ("s///"), and
169 transliteration ("tr///") operators work on scalar values. If you
170 apply one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array
171 or hash to a scalar value (the length of an array, or the
172 population info of a hash) and then work on that scalar value.
173 This is probably not what you meant to do. See "grep" in perlfunc
174 and "map" in perlfunc for alternatives.
175 Arg too short for msgsnd
177 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
178 Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
180 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an
181 operator that expected a numeric value instead. If you're
182 fortunate the message will identify which operator was so
183 unfortunate.
184 Note that for the "Inf" and "NaN" (infinity and not-a-number) the
186 definition of "numeric" is somewhat unusual: the strings themselves
187 (like "Inf") are considered numeric, and anything following them is
188 considered non-numeric.
189 Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s"
191 (W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O
192 system you forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers
193 take care of transforming data between external and internal
194 representations.) Perl stopped parsing the layer list at this
195 point and did not attempt to push this layer. If your program
196 didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the
197 result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
198 Argument "%s" treated as 0 in increment (++)
200 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to the "++"
201 operator which expects either a number or a string matching
202 "/^[a-zA-Z]*[0-9]*\z/". See "Auto-increment and Auto-decrement" in
203 perlop for details.
204 Array passed to stat will be coerced to a scalar%s
206 (W syntax) You called stat() on an array, but the array will be
207 coerced to a scalar - the number of elements in the array.
208 A signature parameter must start with '$', '@' or '%'
210 (F) Each subroutine signature parameter declaration must start with
211 a valid sigil; for example:
212 sub foo ($a, $, $b = 1, @c) {}
214 A slurpy parameter may not have a default value
216 (F) Only scalar subroutine signature parameters may have a default
217 value; for example:
218 sub foo ($a = 1) {} # legal
220 sub foo (@a = (1)) {} # invalid
221 sub foo (%a = (a => b)) {} # invalid
222 assertion botched: %s
224 (X) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal
225 failure.
226 Assertion %s failed: file "%s", line %d
228 (X) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be
229 examined.
230 Assigned value is not a reference
232 (F) You tried to assign something that was not a reference to an
233 lvalue reference (e.g., "\$x = $y"). If you meant to make $x an
234 alias to $y, use "\$x = \$y".
235 Assigned value is not %s reference
237 (F) You tried to assign a reference to a reference constructor, but
238 the two references were not of the same type. You cannot alias a
239 scalar to an array, or an array to a hash; the two types must
240 match.
241 \$x = \@y; # error
243 \@x = \%y; # error
244 $y = [];
245 \$x = $y; # error; did you mean \$y?
246 Assigning non-zero to $[ is no longer possible
248 (F) When the "array_base" feature is disabled (e.g., and under "use
249 v5.16;", and as of Perl 5.30) the special variable $[, which is
250 deprecated, is now a fixed zero value.
251 Assignment to both a list and a scalar
253 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd
254 arguments must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise
255 Perl won't know which context to supply to the right side.
256 Assuming NOT a POSIX class since %s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
258 m/%s/
259 (W regexp) You had something like these:
260 [[:alnum]]
262 [[:digit:xyz]
263 They look like they might have been meant to be the POSIX classes
265 "[:alnum:]" or "[:digit:]". If so, they should be written:
266 [[:alnum:]]
268 [[:digit:]xyz]
269 Since these aren't legal POSIX class specifications, but are legal
271 bracketed character classes, Perl treats them as the latter. In
272 the first example, it matches the characters ":", "[", "a", "l",
273 "m", "n", and "u".
274 If these weren't meant to be POSIX classes, this warning message is
276 spurious, and can be suppressed by reordering things, such as
277 [[al:num]]
279 or
281 [[:munla]]
283 <> at require-statement should be quotes
285 (F) You wrote "require <file>" when you should have written
286 "require 'file'".
287 Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
289 (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not
290 in the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
291 Attempt to bless into a freed package
293 (F) You wrote "bless $foo" with one argument after somehow causing
294 the current package to be freed. Perl cannot figure out what to
295 do, so it throws up its hands in despair.
296 Attempt to bless into a reference
298 (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to
299 be the name of the package to bless the resulting object into.
300 You've supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote
301 bless $self, $proto;
303 when you intended
305 bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto;
307 If you actually want to bless into the stringified version of the
309 reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for example
310 by:
311 bless $self, "$proto";
313 Attempt to clear deleted array
315 (S debugging) An array was assigned to when it was being freed.
316 Freed values are not supposed to be visible to Perl code. This can
317 also happen if XS code calls "av_clear" from a custom magic
318 callback on the array.
319 Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
321 (F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a
322 key which is not in its key set.
323 Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
325 (F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
326 declared readonly from a restricted hash.
327 Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%x
329 (S internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from
330 arenas that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was
331 discovered to be outside any of those arenas.
332 Attempt to free nonexistent shared string '%s'%s
334 (S internal) Perl maintains a reference-counted internal table of
335 strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other
336 strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference
337 count of a string that can no longer be found in the table.
338 Attempt to free temp prematurely: SV 0x%x
340 (S debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
341 free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing
342 the SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means
343 that the free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar
344 when it does try to free it.
345 Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
347 (S internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
348 Attempt to free unreferenced scalar: SV 0x%x
350 (S internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar
351 to see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone
352 to 0 earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was
353 freed. This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many
354 times, or that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the
355 SV was mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has
356 been corrupted.
357 Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
359 (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
360 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template.
361 This means the result contains a pointer to a location that could
362 become invalid anytime, even before the end of the current
363 statement. Use literals or global values as arguments to the "p"
364 pack() template to avoid this warning.
365 Attempt to reload %s aborted.
367 (F) You tried to load a file with "use" or "require" that failed to
368 compile once already. Perl will not try to compile this file again
369 unless you delete its entry from %INC. See "require" in perlfunc
370 and "%INC" in perlvar.
371 Attempt to set length of freed array
373 (W misc) You tried to set the length of an array which has been
374 freed. You can do this by storing a reference to the scalar
375 representing the last index of an array and later assigning through
376 that reference. For example
377 $r = do {my @a; \$#a};
379 $$r = 503
380 Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
382 (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to
383 substr() used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you
384 forgot to dereference it first. See "substr" in perlfunc.
385 Attribute prototype(%s) discards earlier prototype attribute in same
387 sub
388 (W misc) A sub was declared as sub foo : prototype(A) :
389 prototype(B) {}, for example. Since each sub can only have one
390 prototype, the earlier declaration(s) are discarded while the last
391 one is applied.
392 av_reify called on tied array
394 (S debugging) This indicates that something went wrong and Perl got
395 very confused about @_ or @DB::args being tied.
396 Bad arg length for %s, is %u, should be %d
398 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(),
399 semctl() or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are,
400 respectively, sizeof(struct msqid_ds *), sizeof(struct semid_ds *),
401 and sizeof(struct shmid_ds *).
402 Bad evalled substitution pattern
404 (F) You've used the "/e" switch to evaluate the replacement for a
405 substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to
406 evaluate, most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
407 Bad filehandle: %s
409 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the
410 symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do
411 an open(), or did it in another package.
412 Bad free() ignored
414 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
415 never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be
416 disabled by setting environment variable "PERL_BADFREE" to 0.
417 This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with
419 "hard" dynamic linking, like "AIX" and "OS/2". It is a bug of
420 "Berkeley DB" which is left unnoticed if "DB" uses forgiving system
421 malloc().
422 Bad hash
424 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
425 Badly placed ()'s
427 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
428 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
429 yourself.
430 Bad name after %s
432 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and
433 then didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't
434 interpolate outside of quotes, so
435 $var = 'myvar';
437 $sym = mypack::$var;
438 is not the same as
440 $var = 'myvar';
442 $sym = "mypack::$var";
443 Bad plugin affecting keyword '%s'
445 (F) An extension using the keyword plugin mechanism violated the
446 plugin API.
447 Bad realloc() ignored
449 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that
450 had never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can
451 be disabled by setting the environment variable "PERL_BADFREE" to
452 1.
453 Bad symbol for array
455 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something
456 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
457 Bad symbol for dirhandle
459 (P) An internal request asked to add a dirhandle entry to something
460 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
461 Bad symbol for filehandle
463 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to
464 something that wasn't a symbol table entry.
465 Bad symbol for hash
467 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
468 wasn't a symbol table entry.
469 Bad symbol for scalar
471 (P) An internal request asked to add a scalar entry to something
472 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
473 Bareword found in conditional
475 (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
476 conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as
477 part of the last argument of the previous construct, for example:
478 open FOO || die;
480 It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been
482 interpreted as a bareword:
483 use constant TYPO => 1;
485 if (TYOP) { print "foo" }
486 The "strict" pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.
488 Bareword in require contains "%s"
490 Bareword in require maps to disallowed filename "%s"
491 Bareword in require maps to empty filename
492 (F) The bareword form of require has been invoked with a filename
493 which could not have been generated by a valid bareword permitted
494 by the parser. You shouldn't be able to get this error from Perl
495 code, but XS code may throw it if it passes an invalid module name
496 to "Perl_load_module".
497 Bareword in require must not start with a double-colon: "%s"
499 (F) In "require Bare::Word", the bareword is not allowed to start
500 with a double-colon. Write "require ::Foo::Bar" as "require
501 Foo::Bar" instead.
502 Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
504 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
505 subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>"
506 symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
507 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
509 (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form "Foo::", but
510 the compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point.
511 Perhaps you need to predeclare a package?
512 BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
514 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN
515 subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is
516 exited.
517 BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
519 (F) Perl found a "BEGIN {}" subroutine (or a "use" directive, which
520 implies a "BEGIN {}") after one or more compilation errors had
521 already occurred. Since the intended environment for the "BEGIN
522 {}" could not be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since
523 subsequent code likely depends on its correct operation, Perl just
524 gave up.
525 \%d better written as $%d
527 (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as
528 variables. The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-
529 hand side of a substitution, but stylistically it's better to use
530 the variable form because other Perl programmers will expect it,
531 and it works better if there are more than 9 backreferences.
532 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable
534 (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
535 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
536 perlport for more on portability concerns.
537 bind() on closed socket %s
539 (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you
540 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See "bind"
541 in perlfunc.
542 binmode() on closed filehandle %s
544 (W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never
545 opened. Check your control flow and number of arguments.
546 Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
548 (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
549 Bizarre copy of %s
551 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
552 copiable.
553 Bizarre SvTYPE [%d]
555 (P) When starting a new thread or returning values from a thread,
556 Perl encountered an invalid data type.
557 Both or neither range ends should be Unicode in regex; marked by
559 <-- HERE in m/%s/
560 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
561 In a bracketed character class in a regular expression pattern, you
563 had a range which has exactly one end of it specified using "\N{}",
564 and the other end is specified using a non-portable mechanism.
565 Perl treats the range as a Unicode range, that is, all the
566 characters in it are considered to be the Unicode characters, and
567 which may be different code points on some platforms Perl runs on.
568 For example, "[\N{U+06}-\x08]" is treated as if you had instead
569 said "[\N{U+06}-\N{U+08}]", that is it matches the characters whose
570 code points in Unicode are 6, 7, and 8. But that "\x08" might
571 indicate that you meant something different, so the warning gets
572 raised.
573 Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
575 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing
576 to iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol
577 definition which was too long, so it was truncated to the string
578 shown.
579 Callback called exit
581 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv()
582 exited by calling exit.
583 %s() called too early to check prototype
585 (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before
586 the parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could
587 not check that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to
588 either add an early prototype declaration for the subroutine in
589 question, or move the subroutine definition ahead of the call to
590 get proper prototype checking. Alternatively, if you are certain
591 that you're calling the function correctly, you may put an
592 ampersand before the name to avoid the warning. See perlsub.
593 Cannot chr %f
595 (F) You passed an invalid number (like an infinity or not-a-number)
596 to "chr".
597 Cannot complete in-place edit of %s: %s
599 (F) Your perl script appears to have changed directory while
600 performing an in-place edit of a file specified by a relative path,
601 and your system doesn't include the directory relative POSIX
602 functions needed to handle that.
603 Cannot compress %f in pack
605 (F) You tried compressing an infinity or not-a-number as an
606 unsigned integer with BER, which makes no sense.
607 Cannot compress integer in pack
609 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. The
610 BER compressed integer format can only be used with positive
611 integers, and you attempted to compress a very large number (>
612 1e308). See "pack" in perlfunc.
613 Cannot compress negative numbers in pack
615 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed
616 integer format can only be used with positive integers. See "pack"
617 in perlfunc.
618 Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob
620 (F) You manipulated Perl's symbol table directly, stored a
621 reference in it, then tried to access that symbol via conventional
622 Perl syntax. The access triggers Perl to autovivify that typeglob,
623 but it there is no legal conversion from that type of reference to
624 a typeglob.
625 Cannot copy to %s
627 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy a value to an internal type
628 that cannot be directly assigned to.
629 Cannot find encoding "%s"
631 (S io) You tried to apply an encoding that did not exist to a
632 filehandle, either with open() or binmode().
633 Cannot open %s as a dirhandle: it is already open as a filehandle
635 (F) You tried to use opendir() to associate a dirhandle to a symbol
636 (glob or scalar) that already holds a filehandle. Since this idiom
637 might render your code confusing, it was deprecated in Perl 5.10.
638 As of Perl 5.28, it is a fatal error.
639 Cannot open %s as a filehandle: it is already open as a dirhandle
641 (F) You tried to use open() to associate a filehandle to a symbol
642 (glob or scalar) that already holds a dirhandle. Since this idiom
643 might render your code confusing, it was deprecated in Perl 5.10.
644 As of Perl 5.28, it is a fatal error.
645 Cannot pack %f with '%c'
647 (F) You tried converting an infinity or not-a-number to an integer,
648 which makes no sense.
649 Cannot printf %f with '%c'
651 (F) You tried printing an infinity or not-a-number as a character
652 (%c), which makes no sense. Maybe you meant '%s', or just
653 stringifying it?
654 Cannot set tied @DB::args
656 (F) "caller" tried to set @DB::args, but found it tied. Tying
657 @DB::args is not supported. (Before this error was added, it used
658 to crash.)
659 Cannot tie unreifiable array
661 (P) You somehow managed to call "tie" on an array that does not
662 keep a reference count on its arguments and cannot be made to do
663 so. Such arrays are not even supposed to be accessible to Perl
664 code, but are only used internally.
665 Cannot yet reorder sv_vcatpvfn() arguments from va_list
667 (F) Some XS code tried to use "sv_vcatpvfn()" or a related function
668 with a format string that specifies explicit indexes for some of
669 the elements, and using a C-style variable-argument list (a
670 "va_list"). This is not currently supported. XS authors wanting
671 to do this must instead construct a C array of "SV*" scalars
672 containing the arguments.
673 Can only compress unsigned integers in pack
675 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER
676 compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers,
677 and you attempted to compress something else. See "pack" in
678 perlfunc.
679 Can't bless non-reference value
681 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl
682 "enforces" encapsulation of objects. See perlobj.
683 Can't "break" in a loop topicalizer
685 (F) You called "break", but you're in a "foreach" block rather than
686 a "given" block. You probably meant to use "next" or "last".
687 Can't "break" outside a given block
689 (F) You called "break", but you're not inside a "given" block.
690 Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
692 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by
693 the object reference or package name contains an undefined value.
694 Something like this will reproduce the error:
695 $BADREF = undef;
697 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
698 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
699 Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
701 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run.
702 It ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply,
703 but you didn't supply an object reference in this case. A
704 reference isn't an object reference until it has been blessed. See
705 perlobj.
706 Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
708 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by
709 the object reference or package name contains an expression that
710 returns a defined value which is neither an object reference nor a
711 package name. Something like this will reproduce the error:
712 $BADREF = 42;
714 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
715 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
716 Can't call mro_isa_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table
718 (P) Perl got confused as to whether a hash was a plain hash or a
719 symbol table hash when trying to update @ISA caches.
720 Can't call mro_method_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table
722 (F) An XS module tried to call "mro_method_changed_in" on a hash
723 that was not attached to the symbol table.
724 Can't chdir to %s
726 (F) You called "perl -x/foo/bar", but /foo/bar is not a directory
727 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
728 Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid
730 (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script
731 for nosuid.
732 Can't coerce %s to %s in %s
734 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
735 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you
736 can't say things like:
737 *foo += 1;
739 You CAN say
741 $foo = *foo;
743 $foo += 1;
744 but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
746 Can't "continue" outside a when block
748 (F) You called "continue", but you're not inside a "when" or
749 "default" block.
750 Can't create pipe mailbox
752 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from
753 exhausted quotas or other plumbing problems.
754 Can't declare %s in "%s"
756 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my",
757 "our" or "state" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as
758 names.
759 Can't "default" outside a topicalizer
761 (F) You have used a "default" block that is neither inside a
762 "foreach" loop nor a "given" block. (Note that this error is
763 issued on exit from the "default" block, so you won't get the error
764 if you use an explicit "continue".)
765 Can't determine class of operator %s, assuming BASEOP
767 (S) This warning indicates something wrong in the internals of
768 perl. Perl was trying to find the class (e.g. LISTOP) of a
769 particular OP, and was unable to do so. This is likely to be due to
770 a bug in the perl internals, or due to a bug in XS code which
771 manipulates perl optrees.
772 Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
774 (S inplace) You tried to use the -i switch on a special file, such
775 as a file in /dev, a FIFO or an uneditable directory. The file was
776 ignored.
777 Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
779 (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated
780 reason.
781 Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique
783 (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than
784 14 characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename
785 during inplace editing with the -i switch. The file was ignored.
786 Can't do %s("%s") on non-UTF-8 locale; resolved to "%s".
788 (W locale) You are 1) running under ""use locale""; 2) the current
789 locale is not a UTF-8 one; 3) you tried to do the designated case-
790 change operation on the specified Unicode character; and 4) the
791 result of this operation would mix Unicode and locale rules, which
792 likely conflict. Mixing of different rule types is forbidden, so
793 the operation was not done; instead the result is the indicated
794 value, which is the best available that uses entirely Unicode
795 rules. That turns out to almost always be the original character,
796 unchanged.
797 It is generally a bad idea to mix non-UTF-8 locales and Unicode,
799 and this issue is one of the reasons why. This warning is raised
800 when Unicode rules would normally cause the result of this
801 operation to contain a character that is in the range specified by
802 the locale, 0..255, and hence is subject to the locale's rules, not
803 Unicode's.
804 If you are using locale purely for its characteristics related to
806 things like its numeric and time formatting (and not "LC_CTYPE"),
807 consider using a restricted form of the locale pragma (see "The
808 "use locale" pragma" in perllocale) like
809 ""use locale ':not_characters'"".
810 Note that failed case-changing operations done as a result of case-
812 insensitive "/i" regular expression matching will show up in this
813 warning as having the "fc" operation (as that is what the regular
814 expression engine calls behind the scenes.)
815 Can't do waitpid with flags
817 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only
818 waitpid() without flags is emulated.
819 Can't emulate -%s on #! line
821 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this
822 point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a -x on the #!
823 line.
824 Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform
826 (F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-
827 endian, or it has a very strange pointer size. Packing and
828 unpacking big- or little-endian floating point values and pointers
829 may not be possible. See "pack" in perlfunc.
830 Can't exec "%s": %s
832 (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute
833 the named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons
834 include: the permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't
835 found in $ENV{PATH}, the executable in question was compiled for
836 another architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an
837 interpreter that can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your
838 system doesn't support #! at all.)
839 Can't exec %s
841 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you
842 because that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you
843 wanted, you may need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
844 Can't execute %s
846 (F) You used the -S switch, but the copies of the script to execute
847 found in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
848 Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
850 (F) A string of a form "CORE::word" was given to prototype(), but
851 there is no builtin with the name "word".
852 Can't find label %s
854 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that
855 it's possible for us to go to. See "goto" in perlfunc.
856 Can't find %s on PATH
858 (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be
859 found in the PATH.
860 Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
862 (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be
863 found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions.
864 The script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits
865 running it.
866 Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
868 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message
869 means that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed
870 quotes count nesting levels, the following is missing its final
871 parenthesis:
872 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
874 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have
876 included unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag or
877 there may not be a linebreak after it. A good programmer's editor
878 will have a way to help you find these characters (or lack of
879 characters). See perlop for the full details on here-documents.
880 Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"
882 Can't find Unicode property definition "%s" in regex; marked by <--
883 HERE in m/%s/
884 (F) The named property which you specified via "\p" or "\P" is not
885 one known to Perl. Perhaps you misspelled the name? See
886 "Properties accessible through \p{} and \P{}" in perluniprops for a
887 complete list of available official properties. If it is a user-
888 defined property it must have been defined by the time the regular
889 expression is matched.
890 If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the "\p",
892 either by "\\p" (just the "\p") or by "\Q\p" (the rest of the
893 string, or until "\E").
894 Can't fork: %s
896 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
897 pipeline.
898 Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds
900 (W pipe) A fork in a piped open failed with EAGAIN and will be
901 retried after five seconds.
902 Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
904 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the
905 difference between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model
906 Perl assumes. Under VMS, access checks are done by filename,
907 rather than by bits in the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other
908 protections can be taken into account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes
909 that the stat buffer contains all the necessary information, and
910 passes it, instead of the filespec, to the access-checking routine.
911 It will try to retrieve the filespec using the device name and FID
912 present in the stat buffer, but this works only if you haven't made
913 a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine, because the device
914 name is overwritten with each call. If this warning appears, the
915 name lookup failed, and the access-checking routine gave up and
916 returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access-
917 checking routine knows about the Perl "stat" operator and file
918 tests, so you shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl
919 command; it arises only if some internal code takes stat buffers
920 lightly.)
921 Can't get pipe mailbox device name
923 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a
924 pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.
925 Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
927 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want
928 your mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
929 Can't "goto" into a binary or list expression
931 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
932 binary or list expression. You can't get there from here. The
933 reason for this restriction is that the interpreter would get
934 confused as to how many arguments there are, resulting in stack
935 corruption or crashes. This error occurs in cases such as these:
936 goto F;
938 print do { F: }; # Can't jump into the arguments to print
939 goto G;
941 $x + do { G: $y }; # How is + supposed to get its first operand?
942 Can't "goto" into a "given" block
944 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
945 "given" block. You can't get there from here. See "goto" in
946 perlfunc.
947 Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
949 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
950 foreach loop. You can't get there from here. See "goto" in
951 perlfunc.
952 Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block
954 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look
955 like a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually
956 occurs if you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine,
957 which is a no-no. See "goto" in perlfunc.
958 Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s
960 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval
961 "string" or block.
962 Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback)
964 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of the
965 comparison sub for a sort(), or from a similar callback (such as
966 the reduce() function in List::Util).
967 Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
969 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one
970 subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole
971 cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD
972 routine anyway. See "goto" in perlfunc.
973 Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default
975 (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD
976 signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this
977 signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of
978 child processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value.
979 This situation typically indicates that the parent program under
980 which Perl may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless.
981 Can't kill a non-numeric process ID
983 (F) Process identifiers must be (signed) integers. It is a fatal
984 error to attempt to kill() an undefined, empty-string or otherwise
985 non-numeric process identifier.
986 Can't "last" outside a loop block
988 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current
989 block, except that there's this itty bitty problem called there
990 isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
991 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(),
992 map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the
993 same effect though, because the inner curlies will be considered a
994 block that loops once. See "last" in perlfunc.
995 Can't linearize anonymous symbol table
997 (F) Perl tried to calculate the method resolution order (MRO) of a
998 package, but failed because the package stash has no name.
999 Can't load '%s' for module %s
1001 (F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic
1002 extension. This may either mean that you upgraded your version of
1003 perl to one that is incompatible with your old dynamic extensions
1004 (which is known to happen between major versions of perl), or (more
1005 likely) that your dynamic extension was built against an older
1006 version of the library that is installed on your system. You may
1007 need to rebuild your old dynamic extensions.
1008 Can't localize lexical variable %s
1010 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared
1011 as a lexical variable using "my" or "state". This is not allowed.
1012 If you want to localize a package variable of the same name,
1013 qualify it with the package name.
1014 Can't localize through a reference
1016 (F) You said something like "local $$ref", which Perl can't
1017 currently handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of
1018 whatever $ref pointed to after the scope of the local() is
1019 finished, it can't be sure that $ref will still be a reference.
1020 Can't locate %s
1022 (F) You said to "do" (or "require", or "use") a file that couldn't
1023 be found. Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned
1024 in @INC, unless the file name included the full path to the file.
1025 Perhaps you need to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment
1026 variable to say where the extra library is, or maybe the script
1027 needs to add the library name to @INC. Or maybe you just
1028 misspelled the name of the file. See "require" in perlfunc and
1029 lib.
1030 Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
1032 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows
1033 autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable
1034 causes are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to
1035 "AutoSplit" the file, say, by doing "make install".
1036 Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC
1038 (F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library,
1039 like for example, foo.so or bar.dll, but the DynaLoader module was
1040 unable to locate this library. See DynaLoader.
1041 Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
1043 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a
1044 package functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define
1045 that particular method, nor does any of its base classes. See
1046 perlobj.
1047 Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s" (perhaps you forgot to
1049 load "%s"?)
1050 (F) You called a method on a class that did not exist, and the
1051 method could not be found in UNIVERSAL. This often means that a
1052 method requires a package that has not been loaded.
1053 Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
1055 (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package
1056 that doesn't seem to exist.
1057 Can't locate PerlIO%s
1059 (F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
1060 e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
1061 Can't make list assignment to %ENV on this system
1063 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems,
1064 notably VMS.
1065 Can't make loaded symbols global on this platform while loading %s
1067 (S) A module passed the flag 0x01 to DynaLoader::dl_load_file() to
1068 request that symbols from the stated file are made available
1069 globally within the process, but that functionality is not
1070 available on this platform. Whilst the module likely will still
1071 work, this may prevent the perl interpreter from loading other XS-
1072 based extensions which need to link directly to functions defined
1073 in the C or XS code in the stated file.
1074 Can't modify %s in %s
1076 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or
1077 otherwise try to change it, such as with an auto-increment.
1078 Can't modify nonexistent substring
1080 (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was
1081 handed a NULL.
1082 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call of &%s
1084 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call of &%s in %s
1085 (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be
1086 declared as such. See "Lvalue subroutines" in perlsub.
1087 Can't modify reference to %s in %s assignment
1089 (F) Only a limited number of constructs can be used as the argument
1090 to a reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment,
1091 and what you used was not one of them. See "Assigning to
1092 References" in perlref.
1093 Can't modify reference to localized parenthesized array in list
1095 assignment
1096 (F) Assigning to "\local(@array)" or "\(local @array)" is not
1097 supported, as it is not clear exactly what it should do. If you
1098 meant to make @array refer to some other array, use "\@array =
1099 \@other_array". If you want to make the elements of @array aliases
1100 of the scalars referenced on the right-hand side, use "\(@array) =
1101 @scalar_refs".
1102 Can't modify reference to parenthesized hash in list assignment
1104 (F) Assigning to "\(%hash)" is not supported. If you meant to make
1105 %hash refer to some other hash, use "\%hash = \%other_hash". If
1106 you want to make the elements of %hash into aliases of the scalars
1107 referenced on the right-hand side, use a hash slice: "\@hash{@keys}
1108 = @those_scalar_refs".
1109 Can't msgrcv to read-only var
1111 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a
1112 receive buffer.
1113 Can't "next" outside a loop block
1115 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block,
1116 but there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block
1117 doesn't count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to
1118 sort(), map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get
1119 the same effect though, because the inner curlies will be
1120 considered a block that loops once. See "next" in perlfunc.
1121 Can't open %s: %s
1123 (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the "<>"
1124 filehandle, either implicitly under the "-n" or "-p" command-line
1125 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually
1126 this is because you don't have read permission for a file which you
1127 named on the command line.
1128 (F) You tried to call perl with the -e switch, but /dev/null (or
1130 your operating system's equivalent) could not be opened.
1131 Can't open a reference
1133 (W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing,
1134 using the 3-arg open() syntax:
1135 open FH, '>', $ref;
1137 but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form
1139 of open is not supported.
1140 Can't open bidirectional pipe
1142 (W pipe) You tried to say "open(CMD, "|cmd|")", which is not
1143 supported. You can try any of several modules in the Perl library
1144 to do this, such as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's
1145 output to a file using ">", and then read it in under a different
1146 file handle.
1147 Can't open error file %s as stderr
1149 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1150 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or
1151 '2>>' on the command line for writing.
1152 Can't open input file %s as stdin
1154 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1155 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the
1156 command line for reading.
1157 Can't open output file %s as stdout
1159 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1160 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>'
1161 on the command line for writing.
1162 Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
1164 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1165 redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data
1166 destined for stdout.
1167 Can't open perl script "%s": %s
1169 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated
1170 reason.
1171 If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on
1173 the shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that
1174 search, so you don't have to type the path or "`which
1175 $scriptname`".
1176 Can't read CRTL environ
1178 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of
1179 %ENV from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the
1180 array was missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL
1181 misplaced its environ or define PERL_ENV_TABLES (see perlvms) so
1182 that environ is not searched.
1183 Can't redeclare "%s" in "%s"
1185 (F) A "my", "our" or "state" declaration was found within another
1186 declaration, such as "my ($x, my($y), $z)" or "our (my $x)".
1187 Can't "redo" outside a loop block
1189 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block,
1190 but there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block
1191 doesn't count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to
1192 sort(), map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get
1193 the same effect though, because the inner curlies will be
1194 considered a block that loops once. See "redo" in perlfunc.
1195 Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file
1197 (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup
1198 file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it
1199 with the modified file. The file was left unmodified.
1200 Can't rename in-place work file '%s' to '%s': %s
1202 (F) When closed implicitly, the temporary file for in-place editing
1203 couldn't be renamed to the original filename.
1204 Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
1206 (F) The rename done by the -i switch failed for some reason,
1207 probably because you don't have write permission to the directory.
1208 Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
1210 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and
1211 tried to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
1212 Can't represent character for Ox%X on this platform
1214 (F) There is a hard limit to how big a character code point can be
1215 due to the fundamental properties of UTF-8, especially on EBCDIC
1216 platforms. The given code point exceeds that. The only work-
1217 around is to not use such a large code point.
1218 Can't reset %ENV on this system
1220 (F) You called "reset('E')" or similar, which tried to reset all
1221 variables in the current package beginning with "E". In the main
1222 package, that includes %ENV. Resetting %ENV is not supported on
1223 some systems, notably VMS.
1224 Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
1226 (F)(P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as
1227 opposed to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the
1228 package. If the method name is "???", this is an internal error.
1229 Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
1231 (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as
1232 temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue.
1233 This is not allowed.
1234 Can't return outside a subroutine
1236 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is,
1237 where there was no subroutine call to return out of. See perlsub.
1238 Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context
1240 (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue
1241 subroutine, but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl
1242 think you meant to return only one value. You probably meant to
1243 write parentheses around the call to the subroutine, which tell
1244 Perl that the call should be in list context.
1245 Can't stat script "%s"
1247 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you
1248 have it open already. Bizarre.
1249 Can't take log of %g
1251 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
1252 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that
1253 comes standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for
1254 the negative numbers.
1255 Can't take sqrt of %g
1257 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
1258 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
1259 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
1260 Can't undef active subroutine
1262 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You
1263 can, however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even
1264 undef the redefined subroutine while the old routine is running.
1265 Go figure.
1266 Can't unweaken a nonreference
1268 (F) You attempted to unweaken something that was not a reference.
1269 Only references can be unweakened.
1270 Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d
1272 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making
1273 it into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types
1274 are so specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted.
1275 This message indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
1276 Can't use '%c' after -mname
1278 (F) You tried to call perl with the -m switch, but you put
1279 something other than "=" after the module name.
1280 Can't use a hash as a reference
1282 (F) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in "%foo->{"bar"}"
1283 or "%$ref->{"hello"}". Versions of perl <= 5.22.0 used to allow
1284 this syntax, but shouldn't have. This was deprecated in perl
1285 5.6.1.
1286 Can't use an array as a reference
1288 (F) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in "@foo->[23]" or
1289 "@$ref->[99]". Versions of perl <= 5.22.0 used to allow this
1290 syntax, but shouldn't have. This was deprecated in perl 5.6.1.
1291 Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
1293 (F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a
1294 symbol table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become
1295 anonymous for example by undefining stashes: "undef
1296 %Some::Package::".
1297 Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
1299 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference
1300 must be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious
1301 errors.
1302 Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1304 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1305 references are disallowed. See perlref.
1306 Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available
1308 (F) The first time the "%!" hash is used, perl automatically loads
1309 the Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %!
1310 hash to provide symbolic names for $! errno values.
1311 Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s
1313 (F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-
1314 endian byte-order at the same time, so this combination of
1315 modifiers is not allowed. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1316 Can't use 'defined(@array)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)
1318 (F) defined() is not useful on arrays because it checks for an
1319 undefined scalar value. If you want to see if the array is empty,
1320 just use "if (@array) { # not empty }" for example.
1321 Can't use 'defined(%hash)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)
1323 (F) "defined()" is not usually right on hashes.
1324 Although "defined %hash" is false on a plain not-yet-used hash, it
1326 becomes true in several non-obvious circumstances, including
1327 iterators, weak references, stash names, even remaining true after
1328 "undef %hash". These things make "defined %hash" fairly useless in
1329 practice, so it now generates a fatal error.
1330 If a check for non-empty is what you wanted then just put it in
1332 boolean context (see "Scalar values" in perldata):
1333 if (%hash) {
1335 # not empty
1336 }
1337 If you had "defined %Foo::Bar::QUUX" to check whether such a
1339 package variable exists then that's never really been reliable, and
1340 isn't a good way to enquire about the features of a package, or
1341 whether it's loaded, etc.
1342 Can't use %s for loop variable
1344 (P) The parser got confused when trying to parse a "foreach" loop.
1345 Can't use global %s in %s
1347 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable.
1348 This is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one
1349 location (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly
1350 confusing to have variables in your program that looked like
1351 magical variables but weren't.
1352 Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s
1354 (F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type that is
1355 already inside a group with a byte-order modifier. For example you
1356 cannot force little-endianness on a type that is inside a big-
1357 endian group.
1358 Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
1360 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort
1361 comparisons. You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or
1362 cmp operator, and the variable had earlier been declared as a
1363 lexical variable. Either qualify the sort variable with the
1364 package name, or rename the lexical variable.
1365 Can't use %s ref as %s ref
1367 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference
1368 a reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
1369 test the type of the reference, if need be.
1370 Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1372 Can't use string ("%s"...) as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1373 (F) You've told Perl to dereference a string, something which "use
1374 strict" blocks to prevent it happening accidentally. See "Symbolic
1375 references" in perlref. This can be triggered by an "@" or "$" in
1376 a double-quoted string immediately before interpolating a variable,
1377 for example in "user @$twitter_id", which says to treat the
1378 contents of $twitter_id as an array reference; use a "\" to have a
1379 literal "@" symbol followed by the contents of $twitter_id: "user
1380 \@$twitter_id".
1381 Can't use subscript on %s
1383 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
1384 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
1385 didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else
1386 subscriptable.
1387 Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
1389 (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator
1390 that creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to
1391 indicate a backreference to a matched substring is valid only as
1392 part of a regular expression pattern. Trying to do this in
1393 ordinary Perl code produces a value that prints out looking like
1394 SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form instead.
1395 Can't weaken a nonreference
1397 (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference.
1398 Only references can be weakened.
1399 Can't "when" outside a topicalizer
1401 (F) You have used a when() block that is neither inside a "foreach"
1402 loop nor a "given" block. (Note that this error is issued on exit
1403 from the "when" block, so you won't get the error if the match
1404 fails, or if you use an explicit "continue".)
1405 Can't x= to read-only value
1407 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined
1408 value) with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the
1409 value itself. Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary,
1410 and repeat that.
1411 Character following "\c" must be printable ASCII
1413 (F) In "\cX", X must be a printable (non-control) ASCII character.
1414 Note that ASCII characters that don't map to control characters are
1416 discouraged, and will generate the warning (when enabled) ""\c%c"
1417 is more clearly written simply as "%s"".
1418 Character following \%c must be '{' or a single-character Unicode
1420 property name in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1421 (F) (In the above the %c is replaced by either "p" or "P".) You
1422 specified something that isn't a legal Unicode property name. Most
1423 Unicode properties are specified by "\p{...}". But if the name is
1424 a single character one, the braces may be omitted.
1425 Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack
1427 (W pack) You said
1428 pack("C", $x)
1430 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the "C" format is
1432 only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII,
1433 EBCDIC, and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved
1434 as if you meant
1435 pack("C", $x & 255)
1437 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the "U" format
1439 instead.
1440 Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack
1442 (W pack) You said
1443 pack("c", $x)
1445 where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the "c" format
1447 is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII,
1448 EBCDIC, and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved
1449 as if you meant
1450 pack("c", $x & 255);
1452 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the "U" format
1454 instead.
1455 Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1457 (W unpack) You tried something like
1458 unpack("H", "\x{2a1}")
1460 where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a
1462 value below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl
1463 uses the value modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1464 unpack("H", "\x{a1}")
1466 Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack
1468 (W pack) You said
1469 pack("U0W", $x)
1471 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255. However,
1473 "U0"-mode expects all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so
1474 Perl behaved as if you meant:
1475 pack("U0W", $x & 255)
1477 Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack
1479 (W pack) You tried something like
1480 pack("u", "\x{1f3}b")
1482 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character
1484 with a value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher
1485 value. Perl uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if
1486 you had provided:
1487 pack("u", "\x{f3}b")
1489 Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1491 (W unpack) You tried something like
1492 unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b")
1494 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character
1496 with a value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher
1497 value. Perl uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if
1498 you had provided:
1499 unpack("s", "\x{f3}b")
1501 charnames alias definitions may not contain a sequence of multiple
1503 spaces; marked by <-- HERE in %s
1504 (F) You defined a character name which had multiple space
1505 characters in a row. Change them to single spaces. Usually these
1506 names are defined in the ":alias" import argument to "use
1507 charnames", but they could be defined by a translator installed
1508 into $^H{charnames}. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in charnames.
1509 charnames alias definitions may not contain trailing white-space;
1511 marked by <-- HERE in %s
1512 (F) You defined a character name which ended in a space character.
1513 Remove the trailing space(s). Usually these names are defined in
1514 the ":alias" import argument to "use charnames", but they could be
1515 defined by a translator installed into $^H{charnames}. See "CUSTOM
1516 ALIASES" in charnames.
1517 chdir() on unopened filehandle %s
1519 (W unopened) You tried chdir() on a filehandle that was never
1520 opened.
1521 "\c%c" is more clearly written simply as "%s"
1523 (W syntax) The "\cX" construct is intended to be a way to specify
1524 non-printable characters. You used it for a printable one, which
1525 is better written as simply itself, perhaps preceded by a backslash
1526 for non-word characters. Doing it the way you did is not portable
1527 between ASCII and EBCDIC platforms.
1528 Cloning substitution context is unimplemented
1530 (F) Creating a new thread inside the "s///" operator is not
1531 supported.
1532 closedir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
1534 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to close is either closed or not
1535 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
1536 close() on unopened filehandle %s
1538 (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
1539 Closure prototype called
1541 (F) If a closure has attributes, the subroutine passed to an
1542 attribute handler is the prototype that is cloned when a new
1543 closure is created. This subroutine cannot be called.
1544 \C no longer supported in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1546 (F) The \C character class used to allow a match of single byte
1547 within a multi-byte utf-8 character, but was removed in v5.24 as it
1548 broke encapsulation and its implementation was extremely buggy. If
1549 you really need to process the individual bytes, you probably want
1550 to convert your string to one where each underlying byte is stored
1551 as a character, with utf8::encode().
1552 Code missing after '/'
1554 (F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be
1555 another template code following the slash. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1556 Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, and not portable
1558 (S non_unicode portable) You had a code point that has never been
1559 in any standard, so it is likely that languages other than Perl
1560 will NOT understand it. This code point also will not fit in a
1561 32-bit word on ASCII platforms and therefore is non-portable
1562 between systems.
1563 At one time, it was legal in some standards to have code points up
1565 to 0x7FFF_FFFF, but not higher, and this code point is higher.
1566 Acceptance of these code points is a Perl extension, and you should
1568 expect that nothing other than Perl can handle them; Perl itself on
1569 EBCDIC platforms before v5.24 does not handle them.
1570 Perl also makes no guarantees that the representation of these code
1572 points won't change at some point in the future, say when machines
1573 become available that have larger than a 64-bit word. At that
1574 time, files containing any of these, written by an older Perl might
1575 require conversion before being readable by a newer Perl.
1576 Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, may not be portable
1578 (S non_unicode) You had a code point above the Unicode maximum of
1579 U+10FFFF.
1580 Perl allows strings to contain a superset of Unicode code points,
1582 but these may not be accepted by other languages/systems. Further,
1583 even if these languages/systems accept these large code points,
1584 they may have chosen a different representation for them than the
1585 UTF-8-like one that Perl has, which would mean files are not
1586 exchangeable between them and Perl.
1587 On EBCDIC platforms, code points above 0x3FFF_FFFF have a different
1589 representation in Perl v5.24 than before, so any file containing
1590 these that was written before that version will require conversion
1591 before being readable by a later Perl.
1592 %s: Command not found
1594 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh or another
1595 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1596 script into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file
1597 could look like
1598 #!/usr/bin/perl
1600 %s: command not found
1602 (A) You've accidentally run your script through bash or another
1603 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1604 script into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file
1605 could look like
1606 #!/usr/bin/perl
1608 %s: command not found: %s
1610 (A) You've accidentally run your script through zsh or another
1611 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1612 script into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file
1613 could look like
1614 #!/usr/bin/perl
1616 Compilation failed in require
1618 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a "require"
1619 statement. Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors
1620 that it encountered were severe enough to halt compilation
1621 immediately.
1622 Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
1624 (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex
1625 situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is
1626 limited to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack
1627 cannot grow arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are
1628 handled without recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try
1629 shortening the string under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g.
1630 with "while") rather than in the regular expression engine; or
1631 rewriting the regular expression so that it is simpler or
1632 backtracks less. (See perlfaq2 for information on Mastering
1633 Regular Expressions.)
1634 connect() on closed socket %s
1636 (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you
1637 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1638 "connect" in perlfunc.
1639 Constant(%s): Call to &{$^H{%s}} did not return a defined value
1641 (F) The subroutine registered to handle constant overloading (see
1642 overload) or a custom charnames handler (see "CUSTOM TRANSLATORS"
1643 in charnames) returned an undefined value.
1644 Constant(%s): $^H{%s} is not defined
1646 (F) The parser found inconsistencies while attempting to define an
1647 overloaded constant. Perhaps you forgot to load the corresponding
1648 overload pragma?
1649 Constant is not %s reference
1651 (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the "use constant"
1652 pragma) is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of
1653 reference. The message indicates the type of reference that was
1654 expected. This usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing
1655 the constant value. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub and
1656 constant.
1657 Constants from lexical variables potentially modified elsewhere are no
1659 longer permitted
1660 (F) You wrote something like
1661 my $var;
1663 $sub = sub () { $var };
1664 but $var is referenced elsewhere and could be modified after the
1666 "sub" expression is evaluated. Either it is explicitly modified
1667 elsewhere ("$var = 3") or it is passed to a subroutine or to an
1668 operator like "printf" or "map", which may or may not modify the
1669 variable.
1670 Traditionally, Perl has captured the value of the variable at that
1672 point and turned the subroutine into a constant eligible for
1673 inlining. In those cases where the variable can be modified
1674 elsewhere, this breaks the behavior of closures, in which the
1675 subroutine captures the variable itself, rather than its value, so
1676 future changes to the variable are reflected in the subroutine's
1677 return value.
1678 This usage was deprecated, and as of Perl 5.32 is no longer
1680 allowed, making it possible to change the behavior in the future.
1681 If you intended for the subroutine to be eligible for inlining,
1683 then make sure the variable is not referenced elsewhere, possibly
1684 by copying it:
1685 my $var2 = $var;
1687 $sub = sub () { $var2 };
1688 If you do want this subroutine to be a closure that reflects future
1690 changes to the variable that it closes over, add an explicit
1691 "return":
1692 my $var;
1694 $sub = sub () { return $var };
1695 Constant subroutine %s redefined
1697 (W redefine)(S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously
1698 been eligible for inlining. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub
1699 for commentary and workarounds.
1700 Constant subroutine %s undefined
1702 (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been
1703 eligible for inlining. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub for
1704 commentary and workarounds.
1705 Constant(%s) unknown
1707 (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to
1708 define an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character
1709 name specified in the "\N{...}" escape. Perhaps you forgot to load
1710 the corresponding overload pragma?
1711 :const is experimental
1713 (S experimental::const_attr) The "const" attribute is experimental.
1714 If you want to use the feature, disable the warning with "no
1715 warnings 'experimental::const_attr'", but know that in doing so you
1716 are taking the risk that your code may break in a future Perl
1717 version.
1718 :const is not permitted on named subroutines
1720 (F) The "const" attribute causes an anonymous subroutine to be run
1721 and its value captured at the time that it is cloned. Named
1722 subroutines are not cloned like this, so the attribute does not
1723 make sense on them.
1724 Copy method did not return a reference
1726 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See "Copy
1727 Constructor" in overload.
1728 &CORE::%s cannot be called directly
1730 (F) You tried to call a subroutine in the "CORE::" namespace with
1731 &foo syntax or through a reference. Some subroutines in this
1732 package cannot yet be called that way, but must be called as
1733 barewords. Something like this will work:
1734 BEGIN { *shove = \&CORE::push; }
1736 shove @array, 1,2,3; # pushes on to @array
1737 CORE::%s is not a keyword
1739 (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
1740 Corrupted regexp opcode %d > %d
1742 (P) This is either an error in Perl, or, if you're using one, your
1743 custom regular expression engine. If not the latter, report the
1744 problem to <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues>.
1745 corrupted regexp pointers
1747 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
1748 expression compiler gave it.
1749 corrupted regexp program
1751 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program
1752 without a valid magic number.
1753 Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%x at 0x%x
1755 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal
1756 failure.
1757 Count after length/code in unpack
1759 (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string,
1760 but you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See
1761 "pack" in perlfunc.
1762 Declaring references is experimental
1764 (S experimental::declared_refs) This warning is emitted if you use
1765 a reference constructor on the right-hand side of "my", "state",
1766 "our", or "local". Simply suppress the warning if you want to use
1767 the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking the risk of
1768 using an experimental feature which may change or be removed in a
1769 future Perl version:
1770 no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
1772 use feature "declared_refs";
1773 $fooref = my \$foo;
1774 Deep recursion on anonymous subroutine
1776 Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
1777 (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or
1778 indirectly) 100 times more than it has returned. This probably
1779 indicates an infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange
1780 benchmark programs, in which case it indicates something else.
1781 This threshold can be changed from 100, by recompiling the perl
1783 binary, setting the C pre-processor macro "PERL_SUB_DEPTH_WARN" to
1784 the desired value.
1785 (?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
1787 m/%s/
1788 (F) You used something like "(?(DEFINE)...|..)" which is illegal.
1789 The most likely cause of this error is that you left out a
1790 parenthesis inside of the "...." part.
1791 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
1793 problem was discovered.
1794 %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed
1796 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file
1797 there are neither package declarations nor a $VERSION.
1798 delete argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice
1800 (F) The argument to "delete" must be either a hash or array
1801 element, such as:
1802 $foo{$bar}
1804 $ref->{"susie"}[12]
1805 or a hash or array slice, such as:
1807 @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
1809 @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
1810 or a hash key/value or array index/value slice, such as:
1812 %foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
1814 %{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
1815 Delimiter for here document is too long
1817 (F) In a here document construct like "<<FOO", the label "FOO" is
1818 too long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to
1819 write code that triggers this error.
1820 Deprecated use of my() in false conditional. This will be a fatal error
1822 in Perl 5.30
1823 (D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to "my $x if 0".
1824 There has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical
1825 variable not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration
1826 includes a false conditional. Some people have exploited this bug
1827 to achieve a kind of static variable. Since we intend to fix this
1828 bug, we don't want people relying on this behavior. You can
1829 achieve a similar static effect by declaring the variable in a
1830 separate block outside the function, eg
1831 sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
1833 becomes
1835 { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
1837 Beginning with perl 5.10.0, you can also use "state" variables to
1839 have lexicals that are initialized only once (see feature):
1840 sub f { state $x; return $x++ }
1842 This use of "my()" in a false conditional has been deprecated since
1844 Perl 5.10, and it will become a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
1845 DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'
1847 (F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which
1848 is just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort
1849 rather than to create a dangling reference.
1850 Did not produce a valid header
1852 See "500 Server error".
1853 %s did not return a true value
1855 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate
1856 that it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code
1857 correctly. It's traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though
1858 any true value would do. See "require" in perlfunc.
1859 (Did you mean &%s instead?)
1861 (W misc) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as
1862 $FOO or some such.
1863 (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?)
1865 (W shadow) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared
1866 global variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical
1867 scope, which seems superfluous.
1868 (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)
1870 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or
1871 @hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and
1872 got carried away.
1873 Died
1875 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of "die """)
1876 or you called it with no args and $@ was empty.
1877 Document contains no data
1879 See "500 Server error".
1880 %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed
1882 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not
1883 define a $VERSION.
1884 '/' does not take a repeat count
1886 (F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/'
1887 code. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1888 do "%s" failed, '.' is no longer in @INC; did you mean do "./%s"?
1890 (D deprecated) Previously " do "somefile"; " would search the
1891 current directory for the specified file. Since perl v5.26.0, .
1892 has been removed from @INC by default, so this is no longer true.
1893 To search the current directory (and only the current directory)
1894 you can write " do "./somefile"; ".
1895 Don't know how to get file name
1897 (P) "PerlIO_getname", a perl internal I/O function specific to VMS,
1898 was somehow called on another platform. This should not happen.
1899 Don't know how to handle magic of type \%o
1901 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1902 do_study: out of memory
1904 (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
1905 (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
1907 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
1908 message "%s found where operator expected". It often means a
1909 subroutine or module name is being referenced that hasn't been
1910 declared yet. This may be because of ordering problems in your
1911 file, or because of a missing "sub", "package", "require", or "use"
1912 statement. If you're referencing something that isn't defined yet,
1913 you don't actually have to define the subroutine or package before
1914 the current location. You can use an empty "sub foo;" or "package
1915 FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration.
1916 dump() must be written as CORE::dump() as of Perl 5.30
1918 (F) You used the obsolete "dump()" built-in function. That was
1919 deprecated in Perl 5.8.0. As of Perl 5.30 it must be written in
1920 fully qualified format: "CORE::dump()".
1921 See "dump" in perlfunc.
1923 dump is not supported
1925 (F) Your machine doesn't support dump/undump.
1926 Duplicate free() ignored
1928 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
1929 already been freed.
1930 Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s
1932 (W unpack) You have applied the same modifier more than once after
1933 a type in a pack template. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1934 elseif should be elsif
1936 (S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry
1937 thinks it's ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to
1938 call a method named "elseif" for the class returned by the
1939 following block. This is unlikely to be what you want.
1940 Empty \%c in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1942 Empty \%c{}
1943 Empty \%c{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1944 (F) You used something like "\b{}", "\B{}", "\o{}", "\p", "\P", or
1945 "\x" without specifying anything for it to operate on.
1946 Unfortunately, for backwards compatibility reasons, an empty "\x"
1948 is legal outside "use re 'strict'" and expands to a NUL character.
1949 Empty (?) without any modifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1951 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'") "(?)" does nothing, so
1952 perhaps this is a typo.
1953 ${^ENCODING} is no longer supported
1955 (F) The special variable "${^ENCODING}", formerly used to implement
1956 the "encoding" pragma, is no longer supported as of Perl 5.26.0.
1957 Setting it to anything other than "undef" is a fatal error as of
1959 Perl 5.28.
1960 entering effective %s failed
1962 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, switching the real and
1963 effective uids or gids failed.
1964 %ENV is aliased to %s
1966 (F) You're running under taint mode, and the %ENV variable has been
1967 aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of
1968 the program's environment. This is potentially insecure.
1969 Error converting file specification %s
1971 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with
1972 file specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them
1973 to a single form when it must operate on them directly. Either
1974 you've passed an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've
1975 found a case the conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
1976 Error %s in expansion of %s
1978 (F) An error was encountered in handling a user-defined property
1979 ("User-Defined Character Properties" in perlunicode). These are
1980 programmer written subroutines, hence subject to errors that may
1981 prevent them from compiling or running. The calls to these subs
1982 are "eval"'d, and if there is a failure, this message is raised,
1983 using the contents of $@ from the failed "eval".
1984 Another possibility is that tainted data was encountered somewhere
1986 in the chain of expanding the property. If so, the message wording
1987 will indicate that this is the problem. See "Insecure user-defined
1988 property %s".
1989 Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1991 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
1992 expression that contains the "(?{ ... })" zero-width assertion,
1993 which is unsafe. See "(?{ code })" in perlre, and perlsec.
1994 Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/
1996 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the "(?{
1997 ... })" zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the
1998 pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security
1999 risk, it is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by
2000 using the "re 'eval'" pragma or by explicitly building the pattern
2001 from an interpolated string at run time and using that in an
2002 eval(). See "(?{ code })" in perlre.
2003 Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/
2005 (F) A regular expression contained the "(?{ ... })" zero-width
2006 assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the "use re
2007 'eval'" pragma is in effect. See "(?{ code })" in perlre.
2008 EVAL without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2010 m/%s/
2011 (F) You used a pattern that nested too many EVAL calls without
2012 consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so that text is
2013 consumed.
2014 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2016 problem was discovered.
2017 Excessively long <> operator
2019 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size
2020 of a Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
2021 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into
2022 a variable and glob that.
2023 exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system
2025 (F) The "exec" function is not implemented on some systems, e.g.,
2026 Symbian OS. See perlport.
2027 %sExecution of %s aborted due to compilation errors.
2029 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
2030 exists argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine
2032 (F) The argument to "exists" must be a hash or array element or a
2033 subroutine with an ampersand, such as:
2034 $foo{$bar}
2036 $ref->{"susie"}[12]
2037 &do_something
2038 exists argument is not a subroutine name
2040 (F) The argument to "exists" for "exists &sub" must be a subroutine
2041 name, and not a subroutine call. "exists &sub()" will generate
2042 this error.
2043 Exiting eval via %s
2045 (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such
2046 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2047 Exiting format via %s
2049 (W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such
2050 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2051 Exiting pseudo-block via %s
2053 (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like
2054 a sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a
2055 goto, or a loop control statement. See "sort" in perlfunc.
2056 Exiting subroutine via %s
2058 (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means,
2059 such as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2060 Exiting substitution via %s
2062 (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means,
2063 such as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
2064 Expecting close bracket in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2066 (F) You wrote something like
2067 (?13
2069 to denote a capturing group of the form "(?PARNO)", but omitted the
2071 ")".
2072 Expecting interpolated extended charclass in regex; marked by <-- HERE
2074 in m/%s/
2075 (F) It looked like you were attempting to interpolate an already-
2076 compiled extended character class, like so:
2077 my $thai_or_lao = qr/(?[ \p{Thai} + \p{Lao} ])/;
2079 ...
2080 qr/(?[ \p{Digit} & $thai_or_lao ])/;
2081 But the marked code isn't syntactically correct to be such an
2083 interpolated class.
2084 Experimental aliasing via reference not enabled
2086 (F) To do aliasing via references, you must first enable the
2087 feature:
2088 no warnings "experimental::refaliasing";
2090 use feature "refaliasing";
2091 \$x = \$y;
2092 Experimental %s on scalar is now forbidden
2094 (F) An experimental feature added in Perl 5.14 allowed "each",
2095 "keys", "push", "pop", "shift", "splice", "unshift", and "values"
2096 to be called with a scalar argument. This experiment is considered
2097 unsuccessful, and has been removed. The "postderef" feature may
2098 meet your needs better.
2099 Experimental subroutine signatures not enabled
2101 (F) To use subroutine signatures, you must first enable them:
2102 no warnings "experimental::signatures";
2104 use feature "signatures";
2105 sub foo ($left, $right) { ... }
2106 Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
2108 (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string.
2109 This has the effect of blessing the reference into the package
2110 main. This is usually not what you want. Consider providing a
2111 default target package, e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');
2112 %s: Expression syntax
2114 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
2115 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
2116 yourself.
2117 %s failed--call queue aborted
2119 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a UNITCHECK,
2120 CHECK, INIT, or END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the
2121 queue of such routines has been prematurely ended.
2122 Failed to close in-place work file %s: %s
2124 (F) Closing an output file from in-place editing, as with the "-i"
2125 command-line switch, failed.
2126 False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2128 (W regexp)(F) A character class range must start and end at a
2129 literal character, not another character class like "\d" or
2130 "[:alpha:]". The "-" in your false range is interpreted as a
2131 literal "-". In a "(?[...])" construct, this is an error, rather
2132 than a warning. Consider quoting the "-", "\-". The <-- HERE
2133 shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
2134 discovered. See perlre.
2135 Fatal VMS error (status=%d) at %s, line %d
2137 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS
2138 system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide
2139 more details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line
2140 %d" tell you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.
2141 fcntl is not implemented
2143 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is
2144 this, a PDP-11 or something?
2145 FETCHSIZE returned a negative value
2147 (F) A tied array claimed to have a negative number of elements,
2148 which is not possible.
2149 Field too wide in 'u' format in pack
2151 (W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string starts with a length
2152 indicator which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point
2153 in asking for a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as
2154 if you specified "u63" as the format.
2155 File::Glob::glob() will disappear in perl 5.30. Use
2157 File::Glob::bsd_glob() instead.
2158 (D deprecated) "File::Glob" has a function called "glob", which
2159 just calls "bsd_glob". However, its prototype is different from the
2160 prototype of "CORE::glob", and hence, "File::Glob::glob" should not
2161 be used.
2162 "File::Glob::glob()" was deprecated in perl 5.8.0. A deprecation
2164 message was issued from perl 5.26.0 onwards, and the function will
2165 disappear in perl 5.30.0.
2166 Code using "File::Glob::glob()" should call
2168 "File::Glob::bsd_glob()" instead.
2169 Filehandle %s opened only for input
2171 (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you
2172 intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it
2173 with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you
2174 intended only to write the file, use ">" or ">>". See "open" in
2175 perlfunc.
2176 Filehandle %s opened only for output
2178 (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing,
2179 If you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to
2180 open it with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with ">". If you
2181 intended only to read from the file, use "<". See "open" in
2182 perlfunc. Another possibility is that you attempted to open
2183 filedescriptor 0 (also known as STDIN) for output (maybe you closed
2184 STDIN earlier?).
2185 Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input
2187 (W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same
2188 filehandle id as STDOUT or STDERR. This occurred because you
2189 closed STDOUT or STDERR previously.
2190 Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output
2192 (W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same
2193 filehandle id as STDIN. This occurred because you closed STDIN
2194 previously.
2195 Final $ should be \$ or $name
2197 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant
2198 to be a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable
2199 name that happens to be missing. So you have to put either the
2200 backslash or the name.
2201 flock() on closed filehandle %s
2203 (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself
2204 closed some time before now. Check your control flow. flock()
2205 operates on filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a
2206 dirhandle by the same name?
2207 Format not terminated
2209 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot.
2210 Perl got to the end of your file without finding such a line.
2211 Format %s redefined
2213 (W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
2214 {
2216 no warnings 'redefine';
2217 eval "format NAME =...";
2218 }
2219 Found = in conditional, should be ==
2221 (W syntax) You said
2222 if ($foo = 123)
2224 when you meant
2226 if ($foo == 123)
2228 (or something like that).
2230 %s found where operator expected
2232 (S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an
2233 operator. If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was
2234 expecting to see an operator, it gives you this warning. Usually
2235 it indicates that an operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a
2236 semicolon.
2237 gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
2239 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
2240 gethostent not implemented
2242 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(),
2243 probably because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return
2244 every hostname on the Internet.
2245 get%sname() on closed socket %s
2247 (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a
2248 closed socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your
2249 socket() call?
2250 getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
2252 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to "sys$getuai" underlying
2253 the "getpwnam" operator returned an invalid UIC.
2254 getsockopt() on closed socket %s
2256 (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket.
2257 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
2258 See "getsockopt" in perlfunc.
2259 given is experimental
2261 (S experimental::smartmatch) "given" depends on smartmatch, which
2262 is experimental, so its behavior may change or even be removed in
2263 any future release of perl. See the explanation under
2264 "Experimental Details on given and when" in perlsyn.
2265 Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name (did you forget to
2267 declare "my %s"?)
2268 (F) You've said "use strict" or "use strict vars", which indicates
2269 that all variables must either be lexically scoped (using "my" or
2270 "state"), declared beforehand using "our", or explicitly qualified
2271 to say which package the global variable is in (using "::").
2272 glob failed (%s)
2274 (S glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for
2275 "glob" and "<*.c>". Usually, this means that you supplied a "glob"
2276 pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a
2277 nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit
2278 resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell)
2279 is broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related
2280 variables in config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer
2281 to it as if it were csh (e.g. "full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'");
2282 otherwise, make them all empty (except that "d_csh" should be
2283 'undef') so that Perl will think csh is missing. In either case,
2284 after editing config.sh, run "./Configure -S" and rebuild Perl.
2285 Glob not terminated
2287 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was
2288 expecting a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle
2289 bracket, and not finding it. Chances are you left some needed
2290 parentheses out earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
2291 than".
2292 gmtime(%f) failed
2294 (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that it could not
2295 handle: too large, too small, or NaN. The returned value is
2296 "undef".
2297 gmtime(%f) too large
2299 (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that was larger than
2300 it can reliably handle and "gmtime" probably returned the wrong
2301 date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special not-a-
2302 number value).
2303 gmtime(%f) too small
2305 (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that was smaller
2306 than it can reliably handle and "gmtime" probably returned the
2307 wrong date.
2308 Got an error from DosAllocMem
2310 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an
2311 obsolete version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
2312 goto must have label
2314 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
2315 unspecified destination. See "goto" in perlfunc.
2316 Goto undefined subroutine%s
2318 (F) You tried to call a subroutine with "goto &sub" syntax, but the
2319 indicated subroutine hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has
2320 since been undefined.
2321 Group name must start with a non-digit word character in regex; marked
2323 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2324 (F) Group names must follow the rules for perl identifiers, meaning
2325 they must start with a non-digit word character. A common cause of
2326 this error is using (?&0) instead of (?0). See perlre.
2327 ()-group starts with a count
2329 (F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is supposed to follow
2330 something: a template character or a ()-group. See "pack" in
2331 perlfunc.
2332 %s had compilation errors.
2334 (F) The final summary message when a "perl -c" fails.
2335 Had to create %s unexpectedly
2337 (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that
2338 ought to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and
2339 had to be created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
2340 %s has too many errors
2342 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10
2343 errors. Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
2344 Hexadecimal float: exponent overflow
2346 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a larger exponent
2347 than the floating point supports.
2348 Hexadecimal float: exponent underflow
2350 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a smaller exponent
2351 than the floating point supports. With the IEEE 754 floating
2352 point, this may also mean that the subnormals (formerly known as
2353 denormals) are being used, which may or may not be an error.
2354 Hexadecimal float: internal error (%s)
2356 (F) Something went horribly bad in hexadecimal float handling.
2357 Hexadecimal float: mantissa overflow
2359 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point literal had more bits
2360 in the mantissa (the part between the 0x and the exponent, also
2361 known as the fraction or the significand) than the floating point
2362 supports.
2363 Hexadecimal float: precision loss
2365 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point had internally more
2366 digits than could be output. This can be caused by unsupported
2367 long double formats, or by 64-bit integers not being available
2368 (needed to retrieve the digits under some configurations).
2369 Hexadecimal float: unsupported long double format
2371 (F) You have configured Perl to use long doubles but the internals
2372 of the long double format are unknown; therefore the hexadecimal
2373 float output is impossible.
2374 Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
2376 (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than
2377 2**32-1 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems.
2378 See perlport for more on portability concerns.
2379 Identifier too long
2381 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.)
2382 to about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for
2383 compound names (like $A::B). You've exceeded Perl's limits.
2384 Future versions of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary
2385 limitations.
2386 Ignoring zero length \N{} in character class in regex; marked by
2388 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2389 (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a
2390 zero-length sequence. When such an escape is used in a character
2391 class its behavior is not well defined. Check that the correct
2392 escape has been used, and the correct charname handler is in scope.
2393 Illegal %s digit '%c' ignored
2395 (W digit) Here %s is one of "binary", "octal", or "hex". You may
2396 have tried to use a digit other than one that is legal for the
2397 given type, such as only 0 and 1 for binary. For octals, this is
2398 raised only if the illegal character is an '8' or '9'. For hex,
2399 'A' - 'F' and 'a' - 'f' are legal. Interpretation of the number
2400 stopped just before the offending digit or character.
2401 Illegal binary digit '%c'
2403 (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
2404 Illegal character after '_' in prototype for %s : %s
2406 (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype
2407 declaration. The '_' in a prototype must be followed by a ';',
2408 indicating the rest of the parameters are optional, or one of '@'
2409 or '%', since those two will accept 0 or more final parameters.
2410 Illegal character \%o (carriage return)
2412 (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
2413 would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this
2414 error when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason,
2415 your version of Perl appears to have been built without this
2416 support. Talk to your Perl administrator.
2417 Illegal character following sigil in a subroutine signature
2419 (F) A parameter in a subroutine signature contained an unexpected
2420 character following the "$", "@" or "%" sigil character. Normally
2421 the sigil should be followed by the variable name or "=" etc.
2422 Perhaps you are trying use a prototype while in the scope of "use
2423 feature 'signatures'"? For example:
2424 sub foo ($$) {} # legal - a prototype
2426 use feature 'signatures;
2428 sub foo ($$) {} # illegal - was expecting a signature
2429 sub foo ($a, $b)
2430 :prototype($$) {} # legal
2431 Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s
2433 (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype
2434 declaration. Legal characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [,
2435 ], &, \, and +. Perhaps you were trying to write a subroutine
2436 signature but didn't enable that feature first ("use feature
2437 'signatures'"), so your signature was instead interpreted as a bad
2438 prototype.
2439 Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine
2441 (F) When using the "sub" keyword to construct an anonymous
2442 subroutine, you must always specify a block of code. See perlsub.
2443 Illegal declaration of subroutine %s
2445 (F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See perlsub.
2446 Illegal division by zero
2448 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong
2449 in your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against
2450 meaningless input.
2451 Illegal modulus zero
2453 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most
2454 numbers don't take to this kindly.
2455 Illegal number of bits in vec
2457 (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a
2458 power of two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).
2459 Illegal octal digit '%c'
2461 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
2462 Illegal operator following parameter in a subroutine signature
2464 (F) A parameter in a subroutine signature, was followed by
2465 something other than "=" introducing a default, "," or ")".
2466 use feature 'signatures';
2468 sub foo ($=1) {} # legal
2469 sub foo ($a = 1) {} # legal
2470 sub foo ($a += 1) {} # illegal
2471 sub foo ($a == 1) {} # illegal
2472 Illegal pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2474 (F) You wrote something like
2475 (?+foo)
2477 The "+" is valid only when followed by digits, indicating a
2479 capturing group. See "(?PARNO)".
2480 Illegal suidscript
2482 (F) The script run under suidperl was somehow illegal.
2483 Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: -%c
2485 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
2486 following switches: -[CDIMUdmtw].
2487 Illegal user-defined property name
2489 (F) You specified a Unicode-like property name in a regular
2490 expression pattern (using "\p{}" or "\P{}") that Perl knows isn't
2491 an official Unicode property, and was likely meant to be a user-
2492 defined property name, but it can't be one of those, as they must
2493 begin with either "In" or "Is". Check the spelling. See also
2494 "Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"".
2495 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
2497 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the
2498 CRTL's internal environ array, and encountered an element without
2499 the "=" delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element
2500 is ignored.
2501 Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
2503 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a
2504 logical name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate
2505 over %ENV, and didn't see the expected delimiter between key and
2506 value, so the line was ignored.
2507 (in cleanup) %s
2509 (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method
2510 raised the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually
2511 called by the system at arbitrary points during execution, and
2512 often a vast number of times, the warning is issued only once for
2513 any number of failures that would otherwise result in the same
2514 message being repeated.
2515 Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the "G_KEEPERR" flag
2517 could also result in this warning. See "G_KEEPERR" in perlcall.
2518 Incomplete expression within '(?[ ])' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2520 m/%s/
2521 (F) There was a syntax error within the "(?[ ])". This can happen
2522 if the expression inside the construct was completely empty, or if
2523 there are too many or few operands for the number of operators.
2524 Perl is not smart enough to give you a more precise indication as
2525 to what is wrong.
2526 Inconsistent hierarchy during C3 merge of class '%s': merging failed on
2528 parent '%s'
2529 (F) The method resolution order (MRO) of the given class is not
2530 C3-consistent, and you have enabled the C3 MRO for this class. See
2531 the C3 documentation in mro for more information.
2532 Indentation on line %d of here-doc doesn't match delimiter
2534 (F) You have an indented here-document where one or more of its
2535 lines have whitespace at the beginning that does not match the
2536 closing delimiter.
2537 For example, line 2 below is wrong because it does not have at
2539 least 2 spaces, but lines 1 and 3 are fine because they have at
2540 least 2:
2541 if ($something) {
2543 print <<~EOF;
2544 Line 1
2545 Line 2 not
2546 Line 3
2547 EOF
2548 }
2549 Note that tabs and spaces are compared strictly, meaning 1 tab will
2551 not match 8 spaces.
2552 Infinite recursion in regex
2554 (F) You used a pattern that references itself without consuming any
2555 input text. You should check the pattern to ensure that recursive
2556 patterns either consume text or fail.
2557 Infinite recursion in user-defined property
2559 (F) A user-defined property ("User-Defined Character Properties" in
2560 perlunicode) can depend on the definitions of other user-defined
2561 properties. If the chain of dependencies leads back to this
2562 property, infinite recursion would occur, were it not for the check
2563 that raised this error.
2564 Restructure your property definitions to avoid this.
2566 Infinite recursion via empty pattern
2568 (F) You tried to use the empty pattern inside of a regex code
2569 block, for instance "/(?{ s!!! })/", which resulted in re-executing
2570 the same pattern, which is an infinite loop which is broken by
2571 throwing an exception.
2572 Initialization of state variables in list currently forbidden
2574 (F) "state" only permits initializing a single variable, specified
2575 without parentheses. So "state $a = 42" and "state @a = qw(a b c)"
2576 are allowed, but not "state ($a) = 42" or "(state $a) = 42". To
2577 initialize more than one "state" variable, initialize them one at a
2578 time.
2579 %%s[%s] in scalar context better written as $%s[%s]
2581 (W syntax) In scalar context, you've used an array index/value
2582 slice (indicated by %) to select a single element of an array.
2583 Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).
2584 The difference is that $foo[&bar] always behaves like a scalar,
2585 both in the value it returns and when evaluating its argument,
2586 while %foo[&bar] provides a list context to its subscript, which
2587 can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript. When
2588 called in list context, it also returns the index (what &bar
2589 returns) in addition to the value.
2590 %%s{%s} in scalar context better written as $%s{%s}
2592 (W syntax) In scalar context, you've used a hash key/value slice
2593 (indicated by %) to select a single element of a hash. Generally
2594 it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $). The
2595 difference is that $foo{&bar} always behaves like a scalar, both in
2596 the value it returns and when evaluating its argument, while
2597 @foo{&bar} and provides a list context to its subscript, which can
2598 do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript. When
2599 called in list context, it also returns the key in addition to the
2600 value.
2601 Insecure dependency in %s
2603 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't
2604 like. The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running
2605 setuid or setgid, or when you specify -T to turn it on explicitly.
2606 The tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or
2607 indirectly from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your
2608 trust. If any such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you
2609 get this error. See perlsec for more information.
2610 Insecure directory in %s
2612 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2613 setgid script if $ENV{PATH} contains a directory that is writable
2614 by the world. Also, the PATH must not contain any relative
2615 directory. See perlsec.
2616 Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
2618 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2619 setgid script if any of $ENV{PATH}, $ENV{IFS}, $ENV{CDPATH},
2620 $ENV{ENV}, $ENV{BASH_ENV} or $ENV{TERM} are derived from data
2621 supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must
2622 set the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See
2623 perlsec.
2624 Insecure user-defined property %s
2626 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
2627 expression that contains a call to a user-defined character
2628 property function, i.e. "\p{IsFoo}" or "\p{InFoo}". See "User-
2629 Defined Character Properties" in perlunicode and perlsec.
2630 Integer overflow in format string for %s
2632 (F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of
2633 "printf()" or "sprintf()" are too large. The numbers must not
2634 overflow the size of integers for your architecture.
2635 Integer overflow in %s number
2637 (S overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have
2638 specified either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct()
2639 is too big for your architecture, and has been converted to a
2640 floating point number. On a 32-bit architecture the largest
2641 hexadecimal, octal or binary number representable without overflow
2642 is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or 0b11111111111111111111111111111111
2643 respectively. Note that Perl transparently promotes all numbers to
2644 a floating point representation internally--subject to loss of
2645 precision errors in subsequent operations.
2646 Integer overflow in srand
2648 (S overflow) The number you have passed to srand is too big to fit
2649 in your architecture's integer representation. The number has been
2650 replaced with the largest integer supported (0xFFFFFFFF on 32-bit
2651 architectures). This means you may be getting less randomness than
2652 you expect, because different random seeds above the maximum will
2653 return the same sequence of random numbers.
2654 Integer overflow in version
2656 Integer overflow in version %d
2657 (W overflow) Some portion of a version initialization is too large
2658 for the size of integers for your architecture. This is not a
2659 warning because there is no rational reason for a version to try
2660 and use an element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually
2661 caused by trying to use some odd mathematical operation as a
2662 version, like 100/9.
2663 Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2665 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
2666 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2667 problem was discovered.
2668 Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
2670 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of
2671 times you've called "fork" and "exec", to determine whether the
2672 current call to "exec" should affect the current script or a
2673 subprocess (see "exec LIST" in perlvms). Somehow, this count has
2674 become scrambled, so Perl is making a guess and treating this
2675 "exec" as a request to terminate the Perl script and execute the
2676 specified command.
2677 internal %<num>p might conflict with future printf extensions
2679 (S internal) Perl's internal routine that handles "printf" and
2680 "sprintf" formatting follows a slightly different set of rules when
2681 called from C or XS code. Specifically, formats consisting of
2682 digits followed by "p" (e.g., "%7p") are reserved for future use.
2683 If you see this message, then an XS module tried to call that
2684 routine with one such reserved format.
2685 Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2687 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser.
2688 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2689 problem was discovered.
2690 %s (...) interpreted as function
2692 (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list
2693 operator followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all
2694 the list operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See
2695 "Terms and List Operators (Leftward)" in perlop.
2696 In '(?...)', the '(' and '?' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2698 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2699 (F) The two-character sequence "(?" in this context in a regular
2700 expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2701 intervening between the "(" and the "?", but you separated them
2702 with whitespace.
2703 In '(*...)', the '(' and '*' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2705 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2706 (F) The two-character sequence "(*" in this context in a regular
2707 expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2708 intervening between the "(" and the "*", but you separated them.
2709 Fix the pattern and retry.
2710 Invalid %s attribute: %s
2712 (F) The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not
2713 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See attributes.
2714 Invalid %s attributes: %s
2716 (F) The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not
2717 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See attributes.
2718 Invalid character in charnames alias definition; marked by <-- HERE in
2720 '%s
2721 (F) You tried to create a custom alias for a character name, with
2722 the ":alias" option to "use charnames" and the specified character
2723 in the indicated name isn't valid. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in
2724 charnames.
2725 Invalid \0 character in %s for %s: %s\0%s
2727 (W syscalls) Embedded \0 characters in pathnames or other system
2728 call arguments produce a warning as of 5.20. The parts after the
2729 \0 were formerly ignored by system calls.
2730 Invalid character in \N{...}; marked by <-- HERE in \N{%s}
2732 (F) Only certain characters are valid for character names. The
2733 indicated one isn't. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in charnames.
2734 Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
2736 (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion.
2737 See "sprintf" in perlfunc.
2738 Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regex; marked by <-- HERE
2740 in m/%s/
2741 (W regexp)(F) The numeric escape (for example "\xHH") of value <
2742 256 didn't correspond to a single character through the conversion
2743 from the encoding specified by the encoding pragma. The escape was
2744 replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (U+FFFD) instead, except within
2745 "(?[ ])", where it is a fatal error. The <-- HERE shows
2746 whereabouts in the regular expression the escape was discovered.
2747 Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...}
2749 Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2750 m/%s/
2751 (F) The character constant represented by "..." is not a valid
2752 hexadecimal number. Either it is empty, or you tried to use a
2753 character other than 0 - 9 or A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number.
2754 Invalid module name %s with -%c option: contains single ':'
2756 (F) The module argument to perl's -m and -M command-line options
2757 cannot contain single colons in the module name, but only in the
2758 arguments after "=". In other words, -MFoo::Bar=:baz is ok, but
2759 -MFoo:Bar=baz is not.
2760 Invalid mro name: '%s'
2762 (F) You tried to "mro::set_mro("classname", "foo")" or "use mro
2763 'foo'", where "foo" is not a valid method resolution order (MRO).
2764 Currently, the only valid ones supported are "dfs" and "c3", unless
2765 you have loaded a module that is a MRO plugin. See mro and
2766 perlmroapi.
2767 Invalid negative number (%s) in chr
2769 (W utf8) You passed a negative number to "chr". Negative numbers
2770 are not valid character numbers, so it returns the Unicode
2771 replacement character (U+FFFD).
2772 Invalid number '%s' for -C option.
2774 (F) You supplied a number to the -C option that either has extra
2775 leading zeroes or overflows perl's unsigned integer representation.
2776 invalid option -D%c, use -D'' to see choices
2778 (S debugging) Perl was called with invalid debugger flags. Call
2779 perl with the -D option with no flags to see the list of acceptable
2780 values. See also "-Dletters" in perlrun.
2781 Invalid quantifier in {,} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2783 (F) The pattern looks like a {min,max} quantifier, but the min or
2784 max could not be parsed as a valid number - either it has leading
2785 zeroes, or it represents too big a number to cope with. The
2786 <-- HERE shows where in the regular expression the problem was
2787 discovered. See perlre.
2788 Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2790 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum
2791 character greater than the maximum character. One possibility is
2792 that you forgot the "{}" from your ending "\x{}" - "\x" without the
2793 curly braces can go only up to "ff". The <-- HERE shows
2794 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
2795 See perlre.
2796 Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator
2798 (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
2799 character greater than the maximum character. See perlop.
2800 Invalid reference to group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2802 (F) The capture group you specified can't possibly exist because
2803 the number you used is not within the legal range of possible
2804 values for this machine.
2805 Invalid separator character %s in attribute list
2807 (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the
2808 elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a
2809 parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too
2810 soon. See attributes.
2811 Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s
2813 (W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something
2814 other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a
2815 layer list. If the previous attribute had a parenthesised
2816 parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
2817 Invalid strict version format (%s)
2819 (F) A version number did not meet the "strict" criteria for
2820 versions. A "strict" version number is a positive decimal number
2821 (integer or decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a
2822 dotted-decimal v-string with a leading 'v' character and at least
2823 three components. The parenthesized text indicates which criteria
2824 were not met. See the version module for more details on allowed
2825 version formats.
2826 Invalid type '%s' in %s
2828 (F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type. See
2829 "pack" in perlfunc.
2830 (W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used
2832 to be silently ignored.
2833 Invalid version format (%s)
2835 (F) A version number did not meet the "lax" criteria for versions.
2836 A "lax" version number is a positive decimal number (integer or
2837 decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a dotted-decimal
2838 v-string. If the v-string has fewer than three components, it must
2839 have a leading 'v' character. Otherwise, the leading 'v' is
2840 optional. Both decimal and dotted-decimal versions may have a
2841 trailing "alpha" component separated by an underscore character
2842 after a fractional or dotted-decimal component. The parenthesized
2843 text indicates which criteria were not met. See the version module
2844 for more details on allowed version formats.
2845 Invalid version object
2847 (F) The internal structure of the version object was invalid.
2848 Perhaps the internals were modified directly in some way or an
2849 arbitrary reference was blessed into the "version" class.
2850 In '(*VERB...)', the '(' and '*' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2852 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2853 Inverting a character class which contains a multi-character sequence
2854 is illegal in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2855 (F) You wrote something like
2856 qr/\P{name=KATAKANA LETTER AINU P}/
2858 qr/[^\p{name=KATAKANA LETTER AINU P}]/
2859 This name actually evaluates to a sequence of two Katakana
2861 characters, not just a single one, and it is illegal to try to take
2862 the complement of a sequence. (Mathematically it would mean any
2863 sequence of characters from 0 to infinity in length that weren't
2864 these two in a row, and that is likely not of any real use.)
2865 (F) The two-character sequence "(*" in this context in a regular
2867 expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2868 intervening between the "(" and the "*", but you separated them.
2869 ioctl is not implemented
2871 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is
2872 pretty strange for a machine that supports C.
2873 ioctl() on unopened %s
2875 (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never
2876 opened. Check your control flow and number of arguments.
2877 IO layers (like '%s') unavailable
2879 (F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore
2880 you cannot use IO layers. To have PerlIO, Perl must be configured
2881 with 'useperlio'.
2882 IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture
2884 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,
2885 neither as a system call nor an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).
2886 '%s' is an unknown bound type in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2888 (F) You used "\b{...}" or "\B{...}" and the "..." is not known to
2889 Perl. The current valid ones are given in "\b{}, \b, \B{}, \B" in
2890 perlrebackslash.
2891 %s is forbidden - matches null string many times in regex; marked by
2893 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2894 (F) The pattern you've specified might cause the regular expression
2895 to infinite loop so it is forbidden. The <-- HERE shows
2896 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
2897 See perlre.
2898 %s() isn't allowed on :utf8 handles
2900 (F) The sysread(), recv(), syswrite() and send() operators are not
2901 allowed on handles that have the ":utf8" layer, either explicitly,
2902 or implicitly, eg., with the ":encoding(UTF-16LE)" layer.
2903 Previously sysread() and recv() currently use only the ":utf8" flag
2905 for the stream, ignoring the actual layers. Since sysread() and
2906 recv() did no UTF-8 validation they can end up creating invalidly
2907 encoded scalars.
2908 Similarly, syswrite() and send() used only the ":utf8" flag,
2910 otherwise ignoring any layers. If the flag is set, both wrote the
2911 value UTF-8 encoded, even if the layer is some different encoding,
2912 such as the example above.
2913 Ideally, all of these operators would completely ignore the ":utf8"
2915 state, working only with bytes, but this would result in silently
2916 breaking existing code.
2917 "%s" is more clearly written simply as "%s" in regex; marked by
2919 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2920 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
2921 You specified a character that has the given plainer way of writing
2923 it, and which is also portable to platforms running with different
2924 character sets.
2925 $* is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30
2927 (F) The special variable $*, deprecated in older perls, was removed
2928 in 5.10.0, is no longer supported and is a fatal error as of Perl
2929 5.30. In previous versions of perl the use of $* enabled or
2930 disabled multi-line matching within a string.
2931 Instead of using $* you should use the "/m" (and maybe "/s") regexp
2933 modifiers. You can enable "/m" for a lexical scope (even a whole
2934 file) with "use re '/m'". (In older versions: when $* was set to a
2935 true value then all regular expressions behaved as if they were
2936 written using "/m".)
2937 Use of this variable will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
2939 $# is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30
2941 (F) The special variable $#, deprecated in older perls, was removed
2942 as of 5.10.0, is no longer supported and is a fatal error as of
2943 Perl 5.30. You should use the printf/sprintf functions instead.
2944 '%s' is not a code reference
2946 (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of
2947 overload::constant needs to be a code reference. Either an
2948 anonymous subroutine, or a reference to a subroutine.
2949 '%s' is not an overloadable type
2951 (W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload
2952 package is unaware of.
2953 isa is experimental
2955 (S experimental::isa) This warning is emitted if you use the
2956 ("isa") operator. This operator is currently experimental and its
2957 behaviour may change in future releases of Perl.
2958 -i used with no filenames on the command line, reading from STDIN
2960 (S inplace) The "-i" option was passed on the command line,
2961 indicating that the script is intended to edit files in place, but
2962 no files were given. This is usually a mistake, since editing
2963 STDIN in place doesn't make sense, and can be confusing because it
2964 can make perl look like it is hanging when it is really just trying
2965 to read from STDIN. You should either pass a filename to edit, or
2966 remove "-i" from the command line. See perlrun for more details.
2967 Junk on end of regexp in regex m/%s/
2969 (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
2970 \K not permitted in lookahead/lookbehind in regex; marked by <-- HERE
2972 in m/%s/
2973 (F) Your regular expression used "\K" in a lookahead or lookbehind
2974 assertion, which currently isn't permitted.
2975 This may change in the future, see Support \K in lookarounds
2977 <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/18134>.
2978 Label not found for "last %s"
2980 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a
2981 loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called
2982 from. See "last" in perlfunc.
2983 Label not found for "next %s"
2985 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a
2986 loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called
2987 from. See "last" in perlfunc.
2988 Label not found for "redo %s"
2990 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop
2991 of that name, not even if you count where you were called from.
2992 See "last" in perlfunc.
2993 leaving effective %s failed
2995 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, switching the real and
2996 effective uids or gids failed.
2997 length/code after end of string in unpack
2999 (F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an
3000 unpack length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This
3001 results in an undefined value for the length. See "pack" in
3002 perlfunc.
3003 length() used on %s (did you mean "scalar(%s)"?)
3005 (W syntax) You used length() on either an array or a hash when you
3006 probably wanted a count of the items.
3007 Array size can be obtained by doing:
3009 scalar(@array);
3011 The number of items in a hash can be obtained by doing:
3013 scalar(keys %hash);
3015 Lexing code attempted to stuff non-Latin-1 character into Latin-1 input
3017 (F) An extension is attempting to insert text into the current
3018 parse (using lex_stuff_pvn or similar), but tried to insert a
3019 character that couldn't be part of the current input. This is an
3020 inherent pitfall of the stuffing mechanism, and one of the reasons
3021 to avoid it. Where it is necessary to stuff, stuffing only plain
3022 ASCII is recommended.
3023 Lexing code internal error (%s)
3025 (F) Lexing code supplied by an extension violated the lexer's API
3026 in a detectable way.
3027 listen() on closed socket %s
3029 (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you
3030 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
3031 "listen" in perlfunc.
3032 List form of piped open not implemented
3034 (F) On some platforms, notably Windows, the three-or-more-arguments
3035 form of "open" does not support pipes, such as "open($pipe, '|-',
3036 @args)". Use the two-argument "open($pipe, '|prog arg1 arg2...')"
3037 form instead.
3038 Literal vertical space in [] is illegal except under /x in regex;
3040 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3041 (F) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
3042 Likely you forgot the "/x" modifier or there was a typo in the
3044 pattern. For example, did you really mean to match a form-feed?
3045 If so, all the ASCII vertical space control characters are
3046 representable by escape sequences which won't present such a
3047 jarring appearance as your pattern does when displayed.
3048 \r carriage return
3050 \f form feed
3051 \n line feed
3052 \cK vertical tab
3053 %s: loadable library and perl binaries are mismatched (got handshake
3055 key %p, needed %p)
3056 (P) A dynamic loading library ".so" or ".dll" was being loaded into
3057 the process that was built against a different build of perl than
3058 the said library was compiled against. Reinstalling the XS module
3059 will likely fix this error.
3060 Locale '%s' contains (at least) the following characters which have
3062 unexpected meanings: %s The Perl program will use the expected
3063 meanings
3064 (W locale) You are using the named UTF-8 locale. UTF-8 locales are
3065 expected to have very particular behavior, which most do. This
3066 message arises when perl found some departures from the
3067 expectations, and is notifying you that the expected behavior
3068 overrides these differences. In some cases the differences are
3069 caused by the locale definition being defective, but the most
3070 common causes of this warning are when there are ambiguities and
3071 conflicts in following the Standard, and the locale has chosen an
3072 approach that differs from Perl's.
3073 One of these is because that, contrary to the claims, Unicode is
3075 not completely locale insensitive. Turkish and some related
3076 languages have two types of "I" characters. One is dotted in both
3077 upper- and lowercase, and the other is dotless in both cases.
3078 Unicode allows a locale to use either the Turkish rules, or the
3079 rules used in all other instances, where there is only one type of
3080 "I", which is dotless in the uppercase, and dotted in the lower.
3081 The perl core does not (yet) handle the Turkish case, and this
3082 message warns you of that. Instead, the Unicode::Casing module
3083 allows you to mostly implement the Turkish casing rules.
3084 The other common cause is for the characters
3086 $ + < = > ^ ` | ~
3088 These are probematic. The C standard says that these should be
3090 considered punctuation in the C locale (and the POSIX standard
3091 defers to the C standard), and Unicode is generally considered a
3092 superset of the C locale. But Unicode has added an extra category,
3093 "Symbol", and classifies these particular characters as being
3094 symbols. Most UTF-8 locales have them treated as punctuation, so
3095 that ispunct(2) returns non-zero for them. But a few locales have
3096 it return 0. Perl takes the first approach, not using "ispunct()"
3097 at all (see Note [5] in perlrecharclass), and this message is
3098 raised to notify you that you are getting Perl's approach, not the
3099 locale's.
3100 Locale '%s' may not work well.%s
3102 (W locale) You are using the named locale, which is a non-UTF-8
3103 one, and which perl has determined is not fully compatible with
3104 what it can handle. The second %s gives a reason.
3105 By far the most common reason is that the locale has characters in
3107 it that are represented by more than one byte. The only such
3108 locales that Perl can handle are the UTF-8 locales. Most likely
3109 the specified locale is a non-UTF-8 one for an East Asian language
3110 such as Chinese or Japanese. If the locale is a superset of ASCII,
3111 the ASCII portion of it may work in Perl.
3112 Some essentially obsolete locales that aren't supersets of ASCII,
3114 mainly those in ISO 646 or other 7-bit locales, such as ASMO 449,
3115 can also have problems, depending on what portions of the ASCII
3116 character set get changed by the locale and are also used by the
3117 program. The warning message lists the determinable conflicting
3118 characters.
3119 Note that not all incompatibilities are found.
3121 If this happens to you, there's not much you can do except switch
3123 to use a different locale or use Encode to translate from the
3124 locale into UTF-8; if that's impracticable, you have been warned
3125 that some things may break.
3126 This message is output once each time a bad locale is switched into
3128 within the scope of "use locale", or on the first possibly-affected
3129 operation if the "use locale" inherits a bad one. It is not raised
3130 for any operations from the POSIX module.
3131 localtime(%f) failed
3133 (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that it could not
3134 handle: too large, too small, or NaN. The returned value is
3135 "undef".
3136 localtime(%f) too large
3138 (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that was larger
3139 than it can reliably handle and "localtime" probably returned the
3140 wrong date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special
3141 not-a-number value).
3142 localtime(%f) too small
3144 (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that was smaller
3145 than it can reliably handle and "localtime" probably returned the
3146 wrong date.
3147 Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/
3149 (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which
3150 lookbehind can handle. This restriction may be eased in a future
3151 release.
3152 Lost precision when %s %f by 1
3154 (W imprecision) The value you attempted to increment or decrement
3155 by one is too large for the underlying floating point
3156 representation to store accurately, hence the target of "++" or
3157 "--" is unchanged. Perl issues this warning because it has already
3158 switched from integers to floating point when values are too large
3159 for integers, and now even floating point is insufficient. You may
3160 wish to switch to using Math::BigInt explicitly.
3161 lstat() on filehandle%s
3163 (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean
3164 by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a
3165 fstat() instead on the filehandle.)
3166 lvalue attribute %s already-defined subroutine
3168 (W misc) Although attributes.pm allows this, turning the lvalue
3169 attribute on or off on a Perl subroutine that is already defined
3170 does not always work properly. It may or may not do what you want,
3171 depending on what code is inside the subroutine, with exact details
3172 subject to change between Perl versions. Only do this if you
3173 really know what you are doing.
3174 lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined
3176 (W misc) Using the ":lvalue" declarative syntax to make a Perl
3177 subroutine an lvalue subroutine after it has been defined is not
3178 permitted. To make the subroutine an lvalue subroutine, add the
3179 lvalue attribute to the definition, or put the "sub foo :lvalue;"
3180 declaration before the definition.
3181 See also attributes.pm.
3183 Magical list constants are not supported
3185 (F) You assigned a magical array to a stash element, and then tried
3186 to use the subroutine from the same slot. You are asking Perl to
3187 do something it cannot do, details subject to change between Perl
3188 versions.
3189 Malformed integer in [] in pack
3191 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only
3192 digits are permitted. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3193 Malformed integer in [] in unpack
3195 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only
3196 digits are permitted. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3197 Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
3199 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the
3200 form
3201 prefix1;prefix2
3203 or
3205 prefix1 prefix2
3206 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If "prefix1" is indeed a prefix
3208 of a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The
3209 error may appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
3210 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in perlos2.
3211 Malformed prototype for %s: %s
3213 (F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The
3214 syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check
3215 for obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check
3216 is run when the function is called. Perhaps the function's author
3217 was trying to write a subroutine signature but didn't enable that
3218 feature first ("use feature 'signatures'"), so the signature was
3219 instead interpreted as a bad prototype.
3220 Malformed UTF-8 character%s
3222 (S utf8)(F) Perl detected a string that should be UTF-8, but didn't
3223 comply with UTF-8 encoding rules, or represents a code point whose
3224 ordinal integer value doesn't fit into the word size of the current
3225 platform (overflows). Details as to the exact malformation are
3226 given in the variable, %s, part of the message.
3227 One possible cause is that you set the UTF8 flag yourself for data
3229 that you thought to be in UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example
3230 legacy 8-bit data). To guard against this, you can use
3231 "Encode::decode('UTF-8', ...)".
3232 If you use the ":encoding(UTF-8)" PerlIO layer for input, invalid
3234 byte sequences are handled gracefully, but if you use ":utf8", the
3235 flag is set without validating the data, possibly resulting in this
3236 error message.
3237 See also "Handling Malformed Data" in Encode.
3239 Malformed UTF-8 returned by \N{%s} immediately after '%s'
3241 (F) The charnames handler returned malformed UTF-8.
3242 Malformed UTF-8 string in "%s"
3244 (F) This message indicates a bug either in the Perl core or in XS
3245 code. Such code was trying to find out if a character, allegedly
3246 stored internally encoded as UTF-8, was of a given type, such as
3247 being punctuation or a digit. But the character was not encoded in
3248 legal UTF-8. The %s is replaced by a string that can be used by
3249 knowledgeable people to determine what the type being checked
3250 against was.
3251 Passing malformed strings was deprecated in Perl 5.18, and became
3253 fatal in Perl 5.26.
3254 Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack
3256 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3257 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3258 progress.
3259 Malformed UTF-8 string in pack
3261 (F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3262 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3263 progress.
3264 Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack
3266 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3267 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3268 progress.
3269 Malformed UTF-16 surrogate
3271 (F) Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but
3272 while doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
3273 Mandatory parameter follows optional parameter
3275 (F) In a subroutine signature, you wrote something like "$a =
3276 undef, $b", making an earlier parameter optional and a later one
3277 mandatory. Parameters are filled from left to right, so it's
3278 impossible for the caller to omit an earlier one and pass a later
3279 one. If you want to act as if the parameters are filled from right
3280 to left, declare the rightmost optional and then shuffle the
3281 parameters around in the subroutine's body.
3282 Matched non-Unicode code point 0x%X against Unicode property; may not
3284 be portable
3285 (S non_unicode) Perl allows strings to contain a superset of
3286 Unicode code points; each code point may be as large as what is
3287 storable in a signed integer on your system, but these may not be
3288 accepted by other languages/systems. This message occurs when you
3289 matched a string containing such a code point against a regular
3290 expression pattern, and the code point was matched against a
3291 Unicode property, "\p{...}" or "\P{...}". Unicode properties are
3292 only defined on Unicode code points, so the result of this match is
3293 undefined by Unicode, but Perl (starting in v5.20) treats non-
3294 Unicode code points as if they were typical unassigned Unicode
3295 ones, and matched this one accordingly. Whether a given property
3296 matches these code points or not is specified in "Properties
3297 accessible through \p{} and \P{}" in perluniprops.
3298 This message is suppressed (unless it has been made fatal) if it is
3300 immaterial to the results of the match if the code point is Unicode
3301 or not. For example, the property "\p{ASCII_Hex_Digit}" only can
3302 match the 22 characters "[0-9A-Fa-f]", so obviously all other code
3303 points, Unicode or not, won't match it. (And "\P{ASCII_Hex_Digit}"
3304 will match every code point except these 22.)
3305 Getting this message indicates that the outcome of the match
3307 arguably should have been the opposite of what actually happened.
3308 If you think that is the case, you may wish to make the
3309 "non_unicode" warnings category fatal; if you agree with Perl's
3310 decision, you may wish to turn off this category.
3311 See "Beyond Unicode code points" in perlunicode for more
3313 information.
3314 %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3316 (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop
3317 if the regular expression engine didn't specifically check for
3318 that. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
3319 problem was discovered. See perlre.
3320 Maximal count of pending signals (%u) exceeded
3322 (F) Perl aborted due to too high a number of signals pending. This
3323 usually indicates that your operating system tried to deliver
3324 signals too fast (with a very high priority), starving the perl
3325 process from resources it would need to reach a point where it can
3326 process signals safely. (See "Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)" in
3327 perlipc.)
3328 "%s" may clash with future reserved word
3330 (W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a
3331 perl4 interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned
3332 about is "use" or "my".
3333 '%' may not be used in pack
3335 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
3336 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other
3337 way. See "unpack" in perlfunc.
3338 Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
3340 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table
3341 that doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See overload.
3342 Method %s not permitted
3344 See "500 Server error".
3345 Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
3347 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been
3348 caused by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it
3349 eventually ended earlier on the current line.
3350 Misplaced _ in number
3352 (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
3353 separate two digits.
3354 Missing argument for %n in %s
3356 (F) A %n was used in a format string with no corresponding argument
3357 for perl to write the current string length to.
3358 Missing argument in %s
3360 (W missing) You called a function with fewer arguments than other
3361 arguments you supplied indicated would be needed.
3362 Currently only emitted when a printf-type format required more
3364 arguments than were supplied, but might be used in the future for
3365 other cases where we can statically determine that arguments to
3366 functions are missing, e.g. for the "pack" in perlfunc function.
3367 Missing argument to -%c
3369 (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
3370 immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
3371 Missing braces on \N{}
3373 Missing braces on \N{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3374 (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal "\N{charname}" within
3375 double-quotish context. This can also happen when there is a space
3376 (or comment) between the "\N" and the "{" in a regex with the "/x"
3377 modifier. This modifier does not change the requirement that the
3378 brace immediately follow the "\N".
3379 Missing braces on \o{}
3381 (F) A "\o" must be followed immediately by a "{" in double-quotish
3382 context.
3383 Missing comma after first argument to %s function
3385 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
3386 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
3387 Missing command in piped open
3389 (W pipe) You used the "open(FH, "| command")" or "open(FH, "command
3390 |")" construction, but the command was missing or blank.
3391 Missing control char name in \c
3393 (F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required
3394 control character name.
3395 Missing ']' in prototype for %s : %s
3397 (W illegalproto) A grouping was started with "[" but never closed
3398 with "]".
3399 Missing name in "%s sub"
3401 (F) The syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that they
3402 have a name with which they can be found.
3403 Missing $ on loop variable
3405 (F) Apparently you've been programming in csh too much. Variables
3406 are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells,
3407 where it can vary from one line to the next.
3408 (Missing operator before %s?)
3410 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
3411 message "%s found where operator expected". Often the missing
3412 operator is a comma.
3413 Missing or undefined argument to %s
3415 (F) You tried to call require or do with no argument or with an
3416 undefined value as an argument. Require expects either a package
3417 name or a file-specification as an argument; do expects a filename.
3418 See "require EXPR" in perlfunc and "do EXPR" in perlfunc.
3419 Missing right brace on \%c{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3421 (F) Missing right brace in "\x{...}", "\p{...}", "\P{...}", or
3422 "\N{...}".
3423 Missing right brace on \N{}
3425 Missing right brace on \N{} or unescaped left brace after \N
3426 (F) "\N" has two meanings.
3427 The traditional one has it followed by a name enclosed in braces,
3429 meaning the character (or sequence of characters) given by that
3430 name. Thus "\N{ASTERISK}" is another way of writing "*", valid in
3431 both double-quoted strings and regular expression patterns. In
3432 patterns, it doesn't have the meaning an unescaped "*" does.
3433 Starting in Perl 5.12.0, "\N" also can have an additional meaning
3435 (only) in patterns, namely to match a non-newline character. (This
3436 is short for "[^\n]", and like "." but is not affected by the "/s"
3437 regex modifier.)
3438 This can lead to some ambiguities. When "\N" is not followed
3440 immediately by a left brace, Perl assumes the "[^\n]" meaning.
3441 Also, if the braces form a valid quantifier such as "\N{3}" or
3442 "\N{5,}", Perl assumes that this means to match the given quantity
3443 of non-newlines (in these examples, 3; and 5 or more,
3444 respectively). In all other case, where there is a "\N{" and a
3445 matching "}", Perl assumes that a character name is desired.
3446 However, if there is no matching "}", Perl doesn't know if it was
3448 mistakenly omitted, or if "[^\n]{" was desired, and raises this
3449 error. If you meant the former, add the right brace; if you meant
3450 the latter, escape the brace with a backslash, like so: "\N\{"
3451 Missing right curly or square bracket
3453 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than
3454 closing ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the
3455 place you were last editing.
3456 (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
3458 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
3459 message "%s found where operator expected". Don't automatically
3460 put a semicolon on the previous line just because you saw this
3461 message.
3462 Modification of a read-only value attempted
3464 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
3465 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
3466 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
3467 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
3469 mod(2);
3470 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the
3472 string.
3473 Yet another way is to assign to a "foreach" loop VAR when VAR is
3475 aliased to a constant in the look LIST:
3476 $x = 1;
3478 foreach my $n ($x, 2) {
3479 $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to
3480 } # modify the 2
3481 Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s
3483 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
3484 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the
3485 array backwards.
3486 Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s
3488 (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it
3489 couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.
3490 Module name must be constant
3492 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a
3493 "use".
3494 Module name required with -%c option
3496 (F) The "-M" or "-m" options say that Perl should load some module,
3497 but you omitted the name of the module. Consult perlrun for full
3498 details about "-M" and "-m".
3499 More than one argument to '%s' open
3501 (F) The "open" function has been asked to open multiple files.
3502 This can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that
3503 takes a list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped
3504 open mode. See "open" in perlfunc for details.
3505 mprotect for COW string %p %u failed with %d
3507 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW (see "Copy on
3508 Write" in perlguts), but a shared string buffer could not be made
3509 read-only.
3510 mprotect for %p %u failed with %d
3512 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see
3513 perlhacktips), but an op tree could not be made read-only.
3514 mprotect RW for COW string %p %u failed with %d
3516 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW (see "Copy on
3517 Write" in perlguts), but a read-only shared string buffer could not
3518 be made mutable.
3519 mprotect RW for %p %u failed with %d
3521 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see
3522 perlhacktips), but a read-only op tree could not be made mutable
3523 before freeing the ops.
3524 msg%s not implemented
3526 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
3527 Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
3529 (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like $foo[1,2,3].
3530 They're written like $foo[1][2][3], as in C.
3531 Multiple slurpy parameters not allowed
3533 (F) In subroutine signatures, a slurpy parameter ("@" or "%") must
3534 be the last parameter, and there must not be more than one of them;
3535 for example:
3536 sub foo ($a, @b) {} # legal
3538 sub foo ($a, @b, %) {} # invalid
3539 '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack
3541 (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did
3542 not follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value.
3543 See "pack" in perlfunc.
3544 %s must not be a named sequence in transliteration operator
3546 (F) Transliteration ("tr///" and "y///") transliterates individual
3547 characters. But a named sequence by definition is more than an
3548 individual character, and hence doing this operation on it doesn't
3549 make sense.
3550 "my sub" not yet implemented
3552 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't
3553 try that yet.
3554 "my" subroutine %s can't be in a package
3556 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't
3557 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
3558 front.
3559 "my %s" used in sort comparison
3561 (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort
3562 comparisons. You used $a or $b in as an operand to the "<=>" or
3563 "cmp" operator inside a sort comparison block, and the variable had
3564 earlier been declared as a lexical variable. Either qualify the
3565 sort variable with the package name, or rename the lexical
3566 variable.
3567 "my" variable %s can't be in a package
3569 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't
3570 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
3571 front. Use local() if you want to localize a package variable.
3572 Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
3574 (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable
3575 names. If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then
3576 just mention it again somehow to suppress the message. The "our"
3577 declaration is also provided for this purpose.
3578 NOTE: This warning detects package symbols that have been used only
3580 once. This means lexical variables will never trigger this
3581 warning. It also means that all of the package variables $c, @c,
3582 %c, as well as *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or
3583 format) are considered the same; if a program uses $c only once but
3584 also uses any of the others it will not trigger this warning.
3585 Symbols beginning with an underscore and symbols using special
3586 identifiers (q.v. perldata) are exempt from this warning.
3587 Need exactly 3 octal digits in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3589 (F) Within "(?[ ])", all constants interpreted as octal need to
3590 be exactly 3 digits long. This helps catch some ambiguities. If
3591 your constant is too short, add leading zeros, like
3592 (?[ [ \078 ] ]) # Syntax error!
3594 (?[ [ \0078 ] ]) # Works
3595 (?[ [ \007 8 ] ]) # Clearer
3596 The maximum number this construct can express is "\777". If you
3598 need a larger one, you need to use \o{} instead. If you meant two
3599 separate things, you need to separate them:
3600 (?[ [ \7776 ] ]) # Syntax error!
3602 (?[ [ \o{7776} ] ]) # One meaning
3603 (?[ [ \777 6 ] ]) # Another meaning
3604 (?[ [ \777 \006 ] ]) # Still another
3605 Negative '/' count in unpack
3607 (F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation
3608 was negative. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3609 Negative length
3611 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
3612 length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
3613 Negative offset to vec in lvalue context
3615 (F) When "vec" is called in an lvalue context, the second argument
3616 must be greater than or equal to zero.
3617 Negative repeat count does nothing
3619 (W numeric) You tried to execute the "x" repetition operator fewer
3620 than 0 times, which doesn't make sense.
3621 Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3623 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening
3624 parentheses. So things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The
3625 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
3626 was discovered.
3627 Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, "*?", "+?", and "??"
3629 appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See perlre.
3630 %s never introduced
3632 (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went
3633 out of scope before it could possibly have been used.
3634 next::method/next::can/maybe::next::method cannot find enclosing method
3636 (F) "next::method" needs to be called within the context of a real
3637 method in a real package, and it could not find such a context.
3638 See mro.
3639 \N in a character class must be a named character: \N{...} in regex;
3641 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3642 (F) The new (as of Perl 5.12) meaning of "\N" as "[^\n]" is not
3643 valid in a bracketed character class, for the same reason that "."
3644 in a character class loses its specialness: it matches almost
3645 everything, which is probably not what you want.
3646 \N{} here is restricted to one character in regex; marked by <-- HERE
3648 in m/%s/
3649 (F) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a multi-
3650 character sequence. Even though a character class is supposed to
3651 match just one character of input, perl will match the whole thing
3652 correctly, except under certain conditions. These currently are
3653 When the class is inverted ("[^...]")
3655 The mathematically logical behavior for what matches when
3656 inverting is very different from what people expect, so we have
3657 decided to forbid it.
3658 The escape is the beginning or final end point of a range
3660 Similarly unclear is what should be generated when the
3661 "\N{...}" is used as one of the end points of the range, such
3662 as in
3663 [\x{41}-\N{ARABIC SEQUENCE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH AE}]
3665 What is meant here is unclear, as the "\N{...}" escape is a
3667 sequence of code points, so this is made an error.
3668 In a regex set
3670 The syntax "(?[ ])" in a regular expression yields a list of
3671 single code points, none can be a sequence.
3672 No %s allowed while running setuid
3674 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid
3675 or setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking
3676 there will be another way to do what you want that is, if not
3677 secure, at least securable. See perlsec.
3678 No code specified for -%c
3680 (F) Perl's -e and -E command-line options require an argument. If
3681 you want to run an empty program, pass the empty string as a
3682 separate argument or run a program consisting of a single 0 or 1:
3683 perl -e ""
3685 perl -e0
3686 perl -e1
3687 No comma allowed after %s
3689 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is
3690 not allowed to have a comma between that and the following
3691 arguments. Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
3692 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a
3694 constant to your name space with use or import while no such
3695 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating
3696 system does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you
3697 did use an explicit import list for the constants you expect to
3698 see; please see "use" in perlfunc and "import" in perlfunc. While
3699 an explicit import list would probably have caught this error
3700 earlier it naturally does not remedy the fact that your operating
3701 system still does not support that constant. Maybe you have a typo
3702 in the constants of the symbol import list of use or import or in
3703 the constant name at the line where this error was triggered?
3704 No command into which to pipe on command line
3706 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3707 redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it
3708 doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command.
3709 No DB::DB routine defined
3711 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch,
3712 but for some reason the current debugger (e.g. perl5db.pl or a
3713 "Devel::" module) didn't define a routine to be called at the
3714 beginning of each statement.
3715 No dbm on this machine
3717 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine
3718 should supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See
3719 SDBM_File.
3720 No DB::sub routine defined
3722 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch,
3723 but for some reason the current debugger (e.g. perl5db.pl or a
3724 "Devel::" module) didn't define a "DB::sub" routine to be called at
3725 the beginning of each ordinary subroutine call.
3726 No digits found for %s literal
3728 (F) No hexadecimal digits were found following "0x" or no binary
3729 digits were found following "0b".
3730 No directory specified for -I
3732 (F) The -I command-line switch requires a directory name as part of
3733 the same argument. Use -Ilib, for instance. -I lib won't work.
3734 No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
3736 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3737 redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but
3738 can't find the name of the file to which to write data destined for
3739 stderr.
3740 No group ending character '%c' found in template
3742 (F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its
3743 matching counterpart. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3744 No input file after < on command line
3746 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3747 redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find
3748 the name of the file from which to read data for stdin.
3749 No next::method '%s' found for %s
3751 (F) "next::method" found no further instances of this method name
3752 in the remaining packages of the MRO of this class. If you don't
3753 want it throwing an exception, use "maybe::next::method" or
3754 "next::can". See mro.
3755 Non-finite repeat count does nothing
3757 (W numeric) You tried to execute the "x" repetition operator "Inf"
3758 (or "-Inf") or "NaN" times, which doesn't make sense.
3759 Non-hex character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3761 (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-hexadecimal character
3762 where a hex one was expected, like
3763 (?[ [ \xDG ] ])
3765 (?[ [ \x{DEKA} ] ])
3766 Non-hex character '%c' terminates \x early. Resolved as "%s"
3768 (W digit) In parsing a hexadecimal numeric constant, a character
3769 was unexpectedly encountered that isn't hexadecimal. The resulting
3770 value is as indicated.
3771 Note that, within braces, every character starting with the first
3773 non-hexadecimal up to the ending brace is ignored.
3774 Non-octal character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3776 (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-octal character where
3777 an octal one was expected, like
3778 (?[ [ \o{1278} ] ])
3780 Non-octal character '%c' terminates \o early. Resolved as "%s"
3782 (W digit) In parsing an octal numeric constant, a character was
3783 unexpectedly encountered that isn't octal. The resulting value is
3784 as indicated.
3785 When not using "\o{...}", you wrote something like "\08", or "\179"
3787 in a double-quotish string. The resolution is as indicated, with
3788 all but the last digit treated as a single character, specified in
3789 octal. The last digit is the next character in the string. To
3790 tell Perl that this is indeed what you want, you can use the "\o{
3791 }" syntax, or use exactly three digits to specify the octal for the
3792 character.
3793 Note that, within braces, every character starting with the first
3795 non-octal up to the ending brace is ignored.
3796 "no" not allowed in expression
3798 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time,
3799 and returns no useful value. See perlmod.
3800 Non-string passed as bitmask
3802 (W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to
3803 select(). Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor
3804 bitmasks for select. See "select" in perlfunc.
3805 No output file after > on command line
3807 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3808 redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line,
3809 so it doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout.
3810 No output file after > or >> on command line
3812 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3813 redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but
3814 can't find the name of the file to which to write data destined for
3815 stdout.
3816 No package name allowed for subroutine %s in "our"
3818 No package name allowed for variable %s in "our"
3819 (F) Fully qualified subroutine and variable names are not allowed
3820 in "our" declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under
3821 existing rules. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions.
3822 No Perl script found in input
3824 (F) You called "perl -x", but no line was found in the file
3825 beginning with #! and containing the word "perl".
3826 No setregid available
3828 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call
3829 for your system.
3830 No setreuid available
3832 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call
3833 for your system.
3834 No such class %s
3836 (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state"
3837 declaration, but this class doesn't exist at this point in your
3838 program.
3839 No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
3841 (F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated
3842 typed variable but that key is not allowed by the package of the
3843 same type. The indicated package has restricted the set of allowed
3844 keys using the fields pragma.
3845 No such hook: %s
3847 (F) You specified a signal hook that was not recognized by Perl.
3848 Currently, Perl accepts "__DIE__" and "__WARN__" as valid signal
3849 hooks.
3850 No such pipe open
3852 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose()
3853 tried to close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have
3854 been caught earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
3855 No such signal: SIG%s
3857 (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that
3858 was not recognized. Say "kill -l" in your shell to see the valid
3859 signal names on your system.
3860 No Unicode property value wildcard matches:
3862 (W regexp) You specified a wildcard for a Unicode property value,
3863 but there is no property value in the current Unicode release that
3864 matches it. Check your spelling.
3865 Not a CODE reference
3867 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that
3868 is, a subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead.
3869 You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it
3870 really was. See also perlref.
3871 Not a GLOB reference
3873 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that
3874 is, a symbol table entry that looks like *foo), but found a
3875 reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3876 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3877 Not a HASH reference
3879 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but
3880 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3881 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3882 '#' not allowed immediately following a sigil in a subroutine signature
3884 (F) In a subroutine signature definition, a comment following a
3885 sigil ("$", "@" or "%"), needs to be separated by whitespace or a
3886 comma etc., in particular to avoid confusion with the $# variable.
3887 For example:
3888 # bad
3890 sub f ($# ignore first arg
3891 , $b) {}
3892 # good
3893 sub f ($, # ignore first arg
3894 $b) {}
3895 Not an ARRAY reference
3897 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but
3898 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3899 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3900 Not a SCALAR reference
3902 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but
3903 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3904 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3905 Not a subroutine reference
3907 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that
3908 is, a subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead.
3909 You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it
3910 really was. See also perlref.
3911 Not a subroutine reference in overload table
3913 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table
3914 that doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See overload.
3915 Not enough arguments for %s
3917 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
3918 Not enough format arguments
3920 (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next
3921 line supplied. See perlform.
3922 %s: not found
3924 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
3925 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
3926 into Perl yourself.
3927 no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
3929 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local
3930 timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is
3931 equivalent to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name
3932 SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL to translate to the number of seconds
3933 which need to be added to UTC to get local time.
3934 NULL OP IN RUN
3936 (S debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
3937 pointer.
3938 Null picture in formline
3940 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
3941 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
3942 supplied it an uninitialized value. See perlform.
3943 Null realloc
3945 (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
3946 NULL regexp argument
3948 (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
3949 NULL regexp parameter
3951 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
3952 Number too long
3954 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs
3955 to about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future
3956 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation.
3957 In the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead
3958 of "1_000_000").
3959 Number with no digits
3961 (F) Perl was looking for a number but found nothing that looked
3962 like a number. This happens, for example with "\o{}", with no
3963 number between the braces.
3964 Numeric format result too large
3966 (F) The length of the result of a numeric format supplied to
3967 sprintf() or printf() would have been too large for the underlying
3968 C function to report. This limit is typically 2GB.
3969 Numeric variables with more than one digit may not start with '0'
3971 (F) The only numeric variable which is allowed to start with a 0 is
3972 $0, and you mentioned a variable that starts with 0 that has more
3973 than one digit. You probably want to remove the leading 0, or if
3974 the intent was to express a variable name in octal you should
3975 convert to decimal.
3976 Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable
3978 (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
3979 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
3980 perlport for more on portability concerns.
3981 Odd name/value argument for subroutine '%s'
3983 (F) A subroutine using a slurpy hash parameter in its signature
3984 received an odd number of arguments to populate the hash. It
3985 requires the arguments to be paired, with the same number of keys
3986 as values. The caller of the subroutine is presumably at fault.
3987 The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
3989 If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
3990 will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used.
3991 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant
3993 (W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number
3994 of arguments. The arguments should come in pairs.
3995 Odd number of elements in anonymous hash
3997 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a
3998 hash, which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
3999 Odd number of elements in hash assignment
4001 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a
4002 hash, which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
4003 Offset outside string
4005 (F)(W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation
4006 with an offset pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to
4007 imagine. The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will
4008 take place when going past the end of the string when either
4009 "sysread()"ing a file, or when seeking past the end of a scalar
4010 opened for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the
4011 behavior with real files).
4012 Old package separator used in string
4014 (W syntax) You used the old package separator, "'", in a variable
4015 named inside a double-quoted string; e.g., "In $name's house".
4016 This is equivalent to "In $name::s house". If you meant the
4017 former, put a backslash before the apostrophe ("In $name\'s
4018 house").
4019 %s() on unopened %s
4021 (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that
4022 was never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a
4023 socket() call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
4024 -%s on unopened filehandle %s
4026 (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a
4027 filehandle that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also
4028 "-X" in perlfunc.
4029 oops: oopsAV
4031 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
4032 oops: oopsHV
4034 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
4035 Operand with no preceding operator in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4037 m/%s/
4038 (F) You wrote something like
4039 (?[ \p{Digit} \p{Thai} ])
4041 There are two operands, but no operator giving how you want to
4043 combine them.
4044 Operation "%s": no method found, %s
4046 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for
4047 which no handler was defined. While some handlers can be
4048 autogenerated in terms of other handlers, there is no default
4049 handler for any operation, unless the "fallback" overloading key is
4050 specified to be true. See overload.
4051 Operation "%s" returns its argument for non-Unicode code point 0x%X
4053 (S non_unicode) You performed an operation requiring Unicode rules
4054 on a code point that is not in Unicode, so what it should do is not
4055 defined. Perl has chosen to have it do nothing, and warn you.
4056 If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive
4058 matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
4059 If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by "no
4061 warnings 'non_unicode';".
4062 Operation "%s" returns its argument for UTF-16 surrogate U+%X
4064 (S surrogate) You performed an operation requiring Unicode rules on
4065 a Unicode surrogate. Unicode frowns upon the use of surrogates for
4066 anything but storing strings in UTF-16, but rules are (reluctantly)
4067 defined for the surrogates, and they are to do nothing for this
4068 operation. Because the use of surrogates can be dangerous, Perl
4069 warns.
4070 If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive
4072 matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
4073 If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by "no
4075 warnings 'surrogate';".
4076 Operator or semicolon missing before %s
4078 (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the
4079 parser was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you
4080 really meant to use an operator, but this is highly likely to be
4081 incorrect. For example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be
4082 interpreted as if you said "*foo * 'foo'".
4083 Optional parameter lacks default expression
4085 (F) In a subroutine signature, you wrote something like "$a =",
4086 making a named optional parameter without a default value. A
4087 nameless optional parameter is permitted to have no default value,
4088 but a named one must have a specific default. You probably want
4089 "$a = undef".
4090 "our" variable %s redeclared
4092 (W shadow) You seem to have already declared the same global once
4093 before in the current lexical scope.
4094 Out of memory!
4096 (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
4097 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
4098 request. Perl has no option but to exit immediately.
4099 At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing
4101 your process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use "limit" and "limit
4102 datasize n" (where "n" is the number of kilobytes) to check the
4103 current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use "ulimit -a"
4104 and "ulimit -d n", respectively.
4105 Out of memory during %s extend
4107 (X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string
4108 beyond the largest possible memory allocation.
4109 Out of memory during "large" request for %s
4111 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
4112 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
4113 request. However, the request was judged large enough (compile-
4114 time default is 64K), so a possibility to shut down by trapping
4115 this error is granted.
4116 Out of memory during request for %s
4118 (X)(F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
4119 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
4120 request.
4121 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
4123 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not
4124 trappable. However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the
4125 contents of $^M as an emergency pool after die()ing with this
4126 message. In this case the error is trappable once, and the error
4127 message will include the line and file where the failed request
4128 happened.
4129 Out of memory during ridiculously large request
4131 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This
4132 error is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program.
4133 e.g., $arr[time] instead of $arr[$time].
4134 Out of memory for yacc stack
4136 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue
4137 parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
4138 otherwise.
4139 '.' outside of string in pack
4141 (F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the
4142 working position to before the start of the packed string being
4143 built.
4144 '@' outside of string in unpack
4146 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
4147 the string being unpacked. See "pack" in perlfunc.
4148 '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack
4150 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
4151 the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also
4152 invalid UTF-8. See "pack" in perlfunc.
4153 overload arg '%s' is invalid
4155 (W overload) The overload pragma was passed an argument it did not
4156 recognize. Did you mistype an operator?
4157 Overloaded dereference did not return a reference
4159 (F) An object with an overloaded dereference operator was
4160 dereferenced, but the overloaded operation did not return a
4161 reference. See overload.
4162 Overloaded qr did not return a REGEXP
4164 (F) An object with a "qr" overload was used as part of a match, but
4165 the overloaded operation didn't return a compiled regexp. See
4166 overload.
4167 %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
4169 (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
4170 package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl
4171 itself some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should
4172 use a mixed-case attribute name, instead. See attributes.
4173 pack/unpack repeat count overflow
4175 (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows
4176 your signed integers. See "pack" in perlfunc.
4177 page overflow
4179 (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on
4180 a page. See perlform.
4181 panic: %s
4183 (P) An internal error.
4184 panic: attempt to call %s in %s
4186 (P) One of the file test operators entered a code branch that calls
4187 an ACL related-function, but that function is not available on this
4188 platform. Earlier checks mean that it should not be possible to
4189 enter this branch on this platform.
4190 panic: child pseudo-process was never scheduled
4192 (P) A child pseudo-process in the ithreads implementation on
4193 Windows was not scheduled within the time period allowed and
4194 therefore was not able to initialize properly.
4195 panic: ck_grep, type=%u
4197 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
4198 panic: corrupt saved stack index %ld
4200 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values
4201 than there are in the savestack.
4202 panic: del_backref
4204 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a
4205 weak reference.
4206 panic: do_subst
4208 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid
4209 operational data.
4210 panic: do_trans_%s
4212 (P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid
4213 operational data.
4214 panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d
4216 (P) While attempting folding constants an exception other than an
4217 "eval" failure was caught.
4218 panic: frexp: %f
4220 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f")
4221 impossible.
4222 panic: goto, type=%u, ix=%ld
4224 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified
4225 label, and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a
4226 goto in.
4227 panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer
4229 (P) The internal routine used to clear a typeglob's entries tried
4230 repeatedly, but each time something re-created entries in the glob.
4231 Most likely the glob contains an object with a reference back to
4232 the glob and a destructor that adds a new object to the glob.
4233 panic: INTERPCASEMOD, %s
4235 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
4236 panic: INTERPCONCAT, %s
4238 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
4239 panic: kid popen errno read
4241 (F) A forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its
4242 errno.
4243 panic: last, type=%u
4245 (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then
4246 discovered it wasn't a block context.
4247 panic: leave_scope clearsv
4249 (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the
4250 scope.
4251 panic: leave_scope inconsistency %u
4253 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
4254 invalid enum on the top of it.
4255 panic: magic_killbackrefs
4257 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all
4258 weak references to an object.
4259 panic: malloc, %s
4261 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
4262 panic: memory wrap
4264 (P) Something tried to allocate either more memory than possible or
4265 a negative amount.
4266 panic: pad_alloc, %p!=%p
4268 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4269 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4270 panic: pad_free curpad, %p!=%p
4272 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4273 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4274 panic: pad_free po
4276 (P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally. An attempt
4277 was made to free a target that had not been allocated to begin
4278 with.
4279 panic: pad_reset curpad, %p!=%p
4281 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4282 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4283 panic: pad_sv po
4285 (P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally. Most likely
4286 an operator needed a target but that target had not been allocated
4287 for whatever reason.
4288 panic: pad_swipe curpad, %p!=%p
4290 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4291 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4292 panic: pad_swipe po
4294 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
4295 panic: pp_iter, type=%u
4297 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
4298 panic: pp_match%s
4300 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid
4301 operational data.
4302 panic: realloc, %s
4304 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
4305 panic: reference miscount on nsv in sv_replace() (%d != 1)
4307 (P) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with a
4308 reference count other than 1.
4309 panic: restartop in %s
4311 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it),
4312 and didn't supply the destination.
4313 panic: return, type=%u
4315 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context,
4316 and then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
4317 panic: scan_num, %s
4319 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
4320 panic: Sequence (?{...}): no code block found in regex m/%s/
4322 (P) While compiling a pattern that has embedded (?{}) or (??{})
4323 code blocks, perl couldn't locate the code block that should have
4324 already been seen and compiled by perl before control passed to the
4325 regex compiler.
4326 panic: strxfrm() gets absurd - a => %u, ab => %u
4328 (P) The interpreter's sanity check of the C function strxfrm()
4329 failed. In your current locale the returned transformation of the
4330 string "ab" is shorter than that of the string "a", which makes no
4331 sense.
4332 panic: sv_chop %s
4334 (P) The sv_chop() routine was passed a position that is not within
4335 the scalar's string buffer.
4336 panic: sv_insert, midend=%p, bigend=%p
4338 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than
4339 there was string.
4340 panic: top_env
4342 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like
4343 that.
4344 panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called
4346 (P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that
4347 isn't permitted at run time.
4348 panic: unknown OA_*: %x
4350 (P) The internal routine that handles arguments to "&CORE::foo()"
4351 subroutine calls was unable to determine what type of arguments
4352 were expected.
4353 panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
4355 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
4356 to even) byte length.
4357 panic: utf16_to_utf8_reversed: odd bytelen
4359 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8_reversed with an odd (as
4360 opposed to even) byte length.
4361 panic: yylex, %s
4363 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case
4364 modifier.
4365 Parentheses missing around "%s" list
4367 (W parenthesis) You said something like
4368 my $foo, $bar = @_;
4370 when you meant
4372 my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
4374 Remember that "my", "our", "local" and "state" bind tighter than
4376 comma.
4377 Parsing code internal error (%s)
4379 (F) Parsing code supplied by an extension violated the parser's API
4380 in a detectable way.
4381 Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change exceeded limit in regex
4383 (F) You used a pattern that uses too many nested subpattern calls
4384 without consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so text is
4385 consumed before the nesting limit is exceeded.
4386 "-p" destination: %s
4388 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the
4389 "-p" command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless
4390 you've redirected it with select().)
4391 Perl API version %s of %s does not match %s
4393 (F) The XS module in question was compiled against a different
4394 incompatible version of Perl than the one that has loaded the XS
4395 module.
4396 Perl folding rules are not up-to-date for 0x%X; please use the perlbug
4398 utility to report; in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4399 (S regexp) You used a regular expression with case-insensitive
4400 matching, and there is a bug in Perl in which the built-in regular
4401 expression folding rules are not accurate. This may lead to
4402 incorrect results. Please report this as a bug to
4403 <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues>.
4404 PerlIO layer ':win32' is experimental
4406 (S experimental::win32_perlio) The ":win32" PerlIO layer is
4407 experimental. If you want to take the risk of using this layer,
4408 simply disable this warning:
4409 no warnings "experimental::win32_perlio";
4411 Perl_my_%s() not available
4413 (F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size, so
4414 it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order
4415 conversion functions. This is only a problem when you're using the
4416 '<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates. See "pack" in
4417 perlfunc.
4418 Perl %s required (did you mean %s?)--this is only %s, stopped
4420 (F) The code you are trying to run has asked for a newer version of
4421 Perl than you are running. Perhaps "use 5.10" was written instead
4422 of "use 5.010" or "use v5.10". Without the leading "v", the number
4423 is interpreted as a decimal, with every three digits after the
4424 decimal point representing a part of the version number. So 5.10
4425 is equivalent to v5.100.
4426 Perl %s required--this is only %s, stopped
4428 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
4429 recent than the currently running version. How long has it been
4430 since you upgraded, anyway? See "require" in perlfunc.
4431 PERL_SH_DIR too long
4433 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to
4434 find the "sh"-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in perlos2.
4435 PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s"
4437 (X) See "PERL_SIGNALS" in perlrun for legal values.
4438 Perls since %s too modern--this is %s, stopped
4440 (F) The code you are trying to run claims it will not run on the
4441 version of Perl you are using because it is too new. Maybe the
4442 code needs to be updated, or maybe it is simply wrong and the
4443 version check should just be removed.
4444 perl: warning: Non hex character in '$ENV{PERL_HASH_SEED}', seed only
4446 partially set
4447 (S) PERL_HASH_SEED should match /^\s*(?:0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]+\s*\z/ but
4448 it contained a non hex character. This could mean you are not
4449 using the hash seed you think you are.
4450 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
4452 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
4453 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
4455 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
4456 LC_ALL = "En_US",
4457 LANG = (unset)
4458 are supported and installed on your system.
4459 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
4460 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above
4462 the settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no
4463 value. This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your
4464 operating system supplier and/or system administrator have set up
4465 the so-called locale system but Perl could not use those settings.
4466 This was not dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale"
4467 called "C" that Perl can and will use, and the script will be run.
4468 Before you really fix the problem, however, you will get the same
4469 error message each time you run Perl. How to really fix the
4470 problem can be found in perllocale section LOCALE PROBLEMS.
4471 perl: warning: strange setting in '$ENV{PERL_PERTURB_KEYS}': '%s'
4473 (S) Perl was run with the environment variable PERL_PERTURB_KEYS
4474 defined but containing an unexpected value. The legal values of
4475 this setting are as follows.
4476 Numeric | String | Result
4478 --------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
4479 0 | NO | Disables key traversal randomization
4480 1 | RANDOM | Enables full key traversal randomization
4481 2 | DETERMINISTIC | Enables repeatable key traversal
4482 | | randomization
4483 Both numeric and string values are accepted, but note that string
4485 values are case sensitive. The default for this setting is
4486 "RANDOM" or 1.
4487 pid %x not a child
4489 (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait
4490 for a process which isn't a subprocess of the current process.
4491 While this is fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what
4492 you intended.
4493 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack
4495 (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*".
4496 POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4498 (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The
4499 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
4500 was discovered. Note that the POSIX character classes do not have
4501 the "is" prefix the corresponding C interfaces have: in other
4502 words, it's "[[:print:]]", not "isprint". See perlre.
4503 POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
4505 (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument,
4506 unlike the BSD version, which takes a pid.
4507 POSIX syntax [%c %c] belongs inside character classes%s in regex;
4509 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4510 (W regexp) Perl thinks that you intended to write a POSIX character
4511 class, but didn't use enough brackets. These POSIX class
4512 constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go inside character classes,
4513 the [] are part of the construct, for example:
4514 "qr/[012[:alpha:]345]/". What the regular expression pattern
4515 compiled to is probably not what you were intending. For example,
4516 "qr/[:alpha:]/" compiles to a regular bracketed character class
4517 consisting of the four characters ":", "a", "l", "h", and "p".
4518 To specify the POSIX class, it should have been written
4519 "qr/[[:alpha:]]/".
4520 Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently implemented; they are
4522 simply placeholders for future extensions and will cause fatal
4523 errors. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression
4524 the problem was discovered. See perlre.
4525 If the specification of the class was not completely valid, the
4527 message indicates that.
4528 POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked
4530 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4531 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
4532 beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future
4533 extensions. If you need to represent those character sequences
4534 inside a regular expression character class, just quote the square
4535 brackets with the backslash: "\[." and ".\]". The <-- HERE shows
4536 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4537 See perlre.
4538 POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked
4540 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4541 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
4542 beginning with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future
4543 extensions. If you need to represent those character sequences
4544 inside a regular expression character class, just quote the square
4545 brackets with the backslash: "\[=" and "=\]". The <-- HERE shows
4546 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4547 See perlre.
4548 Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
4550 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with
4551 literal strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are
4552 instead treated as literal data. (You may have used different
4553 delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also
4554 frequently used.)
4555 You probably wrote something like this:
4557 @list = qw(
4559 a # a comment
4560 b # another comment
4561 );
4562 when you should have written this:
4564 @list = qw(
4566 a
4567 b
4568 );
4569 If you really want comments, build your list the old-fashioned way,
4571 with quotes and commas:
4572 @list = (
4574 'a', # a comment
4575 'b', # another comment
4576 );
4577 Possible attempt to separate words with commas
4579 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore
4580 commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used
4581 different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are
4582 also frequently used.)
4583 You probably wrote something like this:
4585 qw! a, b, c !;
4587 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it
4589 without commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
4590 qw! a b c !;
4592 Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
4594 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining
4595 for. Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel
4596 byte at the end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got
4597 clobbered, and Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See
4598 "ioctl" in perlfunc.
4599 Possible precedence issue with control flow operator
4601 (W syntax) There is a possible problem with the mixing of a control
4602 flow operator (e.g. "return") and a low-precedence operator like
4603 "or". Consider:
4604 sub { return $a or $b; }
4606 This is parsed as:
4608 sub { (return $a) or $b; }
4610 Which is effectively just:
4612 sub { return $a; }
4614 Either use parentheses or the high-precedence variant of the
4616 operator.
4617 Note this may be also triggered for constructs like:
4619 sub { 1 if die; }
4621 Possible precedence problem on bitwise %s operator
4623 (W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in
4624 conjunction with a numeric comparison operator, like this :
4625 if ($x & $y == 0) { ... }
4627 This expression is actually equivalent to "$x & ($y == 0)", due to
4629 the higher precedence of "==". This is probably not what you want.
4630 (If you really meant to write this, disable the warning, or,
4631 better, put the parentheses explicitly and write "$x & ($y == 0)").
4632 Possible unintended interpolation of $\ in regex
4634 (W ambiguous) You said something like "m/$\/" in a regex. The
4635 regex "m/foo$\s+bar/m" translates to: match the word 'foo', the
4636 output record separator (see "$\" in perlvar) and the letter 's'
4637 (one time or more) followed by the word 'bar'.
4638 If this is what you intended then you can silence the warning by
4640 using "m/${\}/" (for example: "m/foo${\}s+bar/").
4641 If instead you intended to match the word 'foo' at the end of the
4643 line followed by whitespace and the word 'bar' on the next line
4644 then you can use "m/$(?)\/" (for example: "m/foo$(?)\s+bar/").
4645 Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
4647 (W ambiguous) You said something like '@foo' in a double-quoted
4648 string but there was no array @foo in scope at the time. If you
4649 wanted a literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out
4650 what happened to the array you apparently lost track of.
4651 Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
4653 (S precedence) The old irregular construct
4654 open FOO || die;
4656 is now misinterpreted as
4658 open(FOO || die);
4660 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary
4662 and list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must
4663 put parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator
4664 instead of "||".
4665 Premature end of script headers
4667 See "500 Server error".
4668 printf() on closed filehandle %s
4670 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
4671 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4672 print() on closed filehandle %s
4674 (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed
4675 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4676 Process terminated by SIG%s
4678 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while
4679 *nix applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of
4680 the OS/2 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate
4681 sighandlers, see "Signals" in perlipc. See also "Process
4682 terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT" in perlos2.
4683 Prototype after '%c' for %s : %s
4685 (W illegalproto) A character follows % or @ in a prototype. This
4686 is useless, since % and @ gobble the rest of the subroutine
4687 arguments.
4688 Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
4690 (S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had
4691 previously been declared or defined with a different function
4692 prototype.
4693 Prototype not terminated
4695 (F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype
4696 definition.
4697 Prototype '%s' overridden by attribute 'prototype(%s)' in %s
4699 (W prototype) A prototype was declared in both the parentheses
4700 after the sub name and via the prototype attribute. The prototype
4701 in parentheses is useless, since it will be replaced by the
4702 prototype from the attribute before it's ever used.
4703 Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4705 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash
4706 it if you meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in
4707 the regular expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
4708 Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4710 (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max
4711 values of the {min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
4712 in the regular expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
4713 Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex
4715 Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4716 m/%s/
4717 (W regexp) Minima should be less than or equal to maxima. If you
4718 really want your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}.
4719 Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression in regex m/%s/
4721 (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place
4722 where it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try
4723 putting the quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example,
4724 the way to match "abc" provided that it is followed by three
4725 repetitions of "xyz" is "/abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/", not
4726 "/abc(?=xyz){3}/".
4727 Range iterator outside integer range
4729 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator
4730 ".." are outside the range which can be represented by integers
4731 internally. One possible workaround is to force Perl to use
4732 magical string increment by prepending "0" to your numbers.
4733 Ranges of ASCII printables should be some subset of "0-9", "A-Z", or
4735 "a-z" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4736 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
4737 Stricter rules help to find typos and other errors. Perhaps you
4739 didn't even intend a range here, if the "-" was meant to be some
4740 other character, or should have been escaped (like "\-"). If you
4741 did intend a range, the one that was used is not portable between
4742 ASCII and EBCDIC platforms, and doesn't have an obvious meaning to
4743 a casual reader.
4744 [3-7] # OK; Obvious and portable
4746 [d-g] # OK; Obvious and portable
4747 [A-Y] # OK; Obvious and portable
4748 [A-z] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4749 [a-Z] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4750 [%-.] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4751 [\x41-Z] # WRONG; Not portable; not obvious to non-geek
4752 (You can force portability by specifying a Unicode range, which
4754 means that the endpoints are specified by "\N{...}", but the
4755 meaning may still not be obvious.) The stricter rules require that
4756 ranges that start or stop with an ASCII character that is not a
4757 control have all their endpoints be the literal character, and not
4758 some escape sequence (like "\x41"), and the ranges must be all
4759 digits, or all uppercase letters, or all lowercase letters.
4760 Ranges of digits should be from the same group in regex; marked by
4762 <-- HERE in m/%s/
4763 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
4764 Stricter rules help to find typos and other errors. You included a
4766 range, and at least one of the end points is a decimal digit.
4767 Under the stricter rules, when this happens, both end points should
4768 be digits in the same group of 10 consecutive digits.
4769 readdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4771 (W io) The dirhandle you're reading from is either closed or not
4772 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4773 readline() on closed filehandle %s
4775 (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed
4776 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4777 read() on closed filehandle %s
4779 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
4780 read() on unopened filehandle %s
4782 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never
4783 opened.
4784 Reallocation too large: %x
4786 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
4787 realloc() of freed memory ignored
4789 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that
4790 had already been freed.
4791 Recompile perl with -DDEBUGGING to use -D switch
4793 (S debugging) You can't use the -D option unless the code to
4794 produce the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails
4795 some overhead, which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
4796 Recursive call to Perl_load_module in PerlIO_find_layer
4798 (P) It is currently not permitted to load modules when creating a
4799 filehandle inside an %INC hook. This can happen with "open my $fh,
4800 '<', \$scalar", which implicitly loads PerlIO::scalar. Try loading
4801 PerlIO::scalar explicitly first.
4802 Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
4804 (F) While calculating the method resolution order (MRO) of a
4805 package, Perl believes it found an infinite loop in the @ISA
4806 hierarchy. This is a crude check that bails out after 100 levels
4807 of @ISA depth.
4808 Redundant argument in %s
4810 (W redundant) You called a function with more arguments than other
4811 arguments you supplied indicated would be needed. Currently only
4812 emitted when a printf-type format required fewer arguments than
4813 were supplied, but might be used in the future for e.g. "pack" in
4814 perlfunc.
4815 refcnt_dec: fd %d%s
4817 refcnt: fd %d%s
4818 refcnt_inc: fd %d%s
4819 (P) Perl's I/O implementation failed an internal consistency check.
4820 If you see this message, something is very wrong.
4821 Reference found where even-sized list expected
4823 (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a
4824 list with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash).
4825 This usually means that you used the anon hash constructor when you
4826 meant to use parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value pairs.
4827 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
4829 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
4830 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
4831 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
4832 Reference is already weak
4834 (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already
4835 weak. Doing so has no effect.
4836 Reference is not weak
4838 (W misc) You have attempted to unweaken a reference that is not
4839 weak. Doing so has no effect.
4840 Reference to invalid group 0 in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4842 (F) You used "\g0" or similar in a regular expression. You may
4843 refer to capturing parentheses only with strictly positive integers
4844 (normal backreferences) or with strictly negative integers
4845 (relative backreferences). Using 0 does not make sense.
4846 Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4848 (F) You used something like "\7" in your regular expression, but
4849 there are not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the
4850 expression. If you wanted to have the character with ordinal 7
4851 inserted into the regular expression, prepend zeroes to make it
4852 three digits long: "\007"
4853 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4855 problem was discovered.
4856 Reference to nonexistent named group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4858 m/%s/
4859 (F) You used something like "\k'NAME'" or "\k<NAME>" in your
4860 regular expression, but there is no corresponding named capturing
4861 parentheses such as "(?'NAME'...)" or "(?<NAME>...)". Check if the
4862 name has been spelled correctly both in the backreference and the
4863 declaration.
4864 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4866 problem was discovered.
4867 Reference to nonexistent or unclosed group in regex; marked by <-- HERE
4869 in m/%s/
4870 (F) You used something like "\g{-7}" in your regular expression,
4871 but there are not at least seven sets of closed capturing
4872 parentheses in the expression before where the "\g{-7}" was
4873 located.
4874 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4876 problem was discovered.
4877 regexp memory corruption
4879 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
4880 expression compiler gave it.
4881 Regexp modifier "/%c" may appear a maximum of twice
4883 Regexp modifier "%c" may appear a maximum of twice in regex; marked by
4884 <-- HERE in m/%s/
4885 (F) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences of the
4886 specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones.
4887 Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear after the "-" in regex; marked by
4889 <-- HERE in m/%s/
4890 (F) Turning off the given modifier has the side effect of turning
4891 on another one. Perl currently doesn't allow this. Reword the
4892 regular expression to use the modifier you want to turn on (and
4893 place it before the minus), instead of the one you want to turn
4894 off.
4895 Regexp modifier "/%c" may not appear twice
4897 Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear twice in regex; marked by <-- HERE
4898 in m/%s/
4899 (F) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences of the
4900 specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones.
4901 Regexp modifiers "/%c" and "/%c" are mutually exclusive
4903 Regexp modifiers "%c" and "%c" are mutually exclusive in regex; marked
4904 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4905 (F) The regular expression pattern had more than one of these
4906 mutually exclusive modifiers. Retain only the modifier that is
4907 supposed to be there.
4908 Regexp out of space in regex m/%s/
4910 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught
4911 it earlier.
4912 Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @#)
4914 (F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a
4915 numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never
4916 terminates. You might use ^# instead. See perlform.
4917 Replacement list is longer than search list
4919 (W misc) You have used a replacement list that is longer than the
4920 search list. So the additional elements in the replacement list
4921 are meaningless.
4922 '(*%s' requires a terminating ':' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4924 (F) You used a construct that needs a colon and pattern argument.
4925 Supply these or check that you are using the right construct.
4926 '%s' resolved to '\o{%s}%d'
4928 As of Perl 5.32, this message is no longer generated. Instead, see
4929 "Non-octal character '%c' terminates \o early. Resolved as "%s"".
4930 (W misc, regexp) You wrote something like "\08", or "\179" in a
4931 double-quotish string. All but the last digit is treated as a
4932 single character, specified in octal. The last digit is the next
4933 character in the string. To tell Perl that this is indeed what you
4934 want, you can use the "\o{ }" syntax, or use exactly three digits
4935 to specify the octal for the character.
4936 Reversed %s= operator
4938 (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The =
4939 must always come last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary
4940 operators.
4941 rewinddir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4943 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to do a rewinddir() on is either
4944 closed or not really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4945 Scalars leaked: %d
4947 (S internal) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of
4948 scalars: not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl
4949 exited. What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of
4950 course bad, especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-
4951 running.
4952 Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
4954 (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
4955 single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a
4956 scalar value (indicated by $). The difference is that $foo[&bar]
4957 always behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when
4958 evaluating its argument, while @foo[&bar] behaves like a list when
4959 you assign to it, and provides a list context to its subscript,
4960 which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
4961 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
4963 element as a list, you need to look into how references work,
4964 because Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists
4965 for you. See perlref.
4966 Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
4968 (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a
4969 single element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a
4970 scalar value (indicated by $). The difference is that $foo{&bar}
4971 always behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when
4972 evaluating its argument, while @foo{&bar} behaves like a list when
4973 you assign to it, and provides a list context to its subscript,
4974 which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
4975 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash
4977 element as a list, you need to look into how references work,
4978 because Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists
4979 for you. See perlref.
4980 Search pattern not terminated
4982 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
4983 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
4984 level. Missing the leading "$" from a variable $m may cause this
4985 error.
4986 Note that since Perl 5.10.0 a // can also be the defined-or
4988 construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code
4989 written in Perl 5.10.0 or later that uses the // as the defined-or
4990 can be misparsed by pre-5.10.0 Perls as a non-terminated search
4991 pattern.
4992 seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4994 (W io) The dirhandle you are doing a seekdir() on is either closed
4995 or not really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4996 %sseek() on unopened filehandle
4998 (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a
4999 filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
5000 select not implemented
5002 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
5003 Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported
5005 (F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in the
5006 current implementation.
5007 Semicolon seems to be missing
5009 (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a
5010 missing semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as
5011 a comma.
5012 semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
5014 (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate
5015 a scalar that had previously been marked as free.
5016 sem%s not implemented
5018 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
5019 send() on closed socket %s
5021 (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime
5022 before now. Check your control flow.
5023 Sequence "\c{" invalid
5025 (F) These three characters may not appear in sequence in a double-
5026 quotish context. This message is raised only on non-ASCII
5027 platforms (a different error message is output on ASCII ones). If
5028 you were intending to specify a control character with this
5029 sequence, you'll have to use a different way to specify it.
5030 Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5032 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?.
5033 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5034 problem was discovered. See perlre.
5035 Sequence (?%c...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5037 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character
5038 reserved but has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows
5039 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5040 See perlre.
5041 Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5043 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make
5044 sense. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression
5045 the problem was discovered. This may happen when using the
5046 "(?^...)" construct to tell Perl to use the default regular
5047 expression modifiers, and you redundantly specify a default
5048 modifier. For other causes, see perlre.
5049 Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex m/%s/
5051 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
5052 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. See perlre.
5053 Sequence (?&... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5055 (F) A named reference of the form "(?&...)" was missing the final
5056 closing parenthesis after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
5057 in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5058 Sequence (?%c... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5060 (F) A named group of the form "(?'...')" or "(?<...>)" was missing
5061 the final closing quote or angle bracket. The <-- HERE shows
5062 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5063 Sequence (?(%c... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5065 (F) A named reference of the form "(?('...')...)" or
5066 "(?(<...>)...)" was missing the final closing quote or angle
5067 bracket after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the
5068 regular expression the problem was discovered.
5069 Sequence (?... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5071 (F) There was no matching closing parenthesis for the '('. The
5072 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
5073 was discovered.
5074 Sequence \%s... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5076 (F) The regular expression expects a mandatory argument following
5077 the escape sequence and this has been omitted or incorrectly
5078 written.
5079 Sequence (?{...}) not terminated with ')'
5081 (F) The end of the perl code contained within the {...} must be
5082 followed immediately by a ')'.
5083 Sequence (?P>... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5085 (F) A named reference of the form "(?P>...)" was missing the final
5086 closing parenthesis after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
5087 in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5088 Sequence (?P<... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5090 (F) A named group of the form "(?P<...>')" was missing the final
5091 closing angle bracket. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the
5092 regular expression the problem was discovered.
5093 Sequence ?P=... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5095 (F) A named reference of the form "(?P=...)" was missing the final
5096 closing parenthesis after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
5097 in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5098 Sequence (?R) not terminated in regex m/%s/
5100 (F) An "(?R)" or "(?0)" sequence in a regular expression was
5101 missing the final parenthesis.
5102 500 Server error
5104 (A) This is the error message generally seen in a browser window
5105 when trying to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The
5106 actual error text varies widely from server to server. The most
5107 frequently-seen variants are "500 Server error", "Method
5108 (something) not permitted", "Document contains no data", "Premature
5109 end of script headers", and "Did not produce a valid header".
5110 This is a CGI error, not a Perl error.
5112 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by
5114 the user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the
5115 user account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment
5116 variables (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and
5117 isn't in a location where the CGI server can't find it, basically,
5118 more or less. Please see the following for more information:
5119 https://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
5121 http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html
5122 http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/
5123 You should also look at perlfaq9.
5125 setegid() not implemented
5127 (F) You tried to assign to $), and your operating system doesn't
5128 support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5129 Configure didn't think so.
5130 seteuid() not implemented
5132 (F) You tried to assign to $>, and your operating system doesn't
5133 support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5134 Configure didn't think so.
5135 setpgrp can't take arguments
5137 (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no
5138 arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and
5139 process group ID.
5140 setrgid() not implemented
5142 (F) You tried to assign to $(, and your operating system doesn't
5143 support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5144 Configure didn't think so.
5145 setruid() not implemented
5147 (F) You tried to assign to $<, and your operating system doesn't
5148 support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5149 Configure didn't think so.
5150 setsockopt() on closed socket %s
5152 (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket.
5153 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
5154 See "setsockopt" in perlfunc.
5155 Setting $/ to a reference to %s is forbidden
5157 (F) You assigned a reference to a scalar to $/ where the referenced
5158 item is not a positive integer. In older perls this appeared to
5159 work the same as setting it to "undef" but was in fact internally
5160 different, less efficient and with very bad luck could have
5161 resulted in your file being split by a stringified form of the
5162 reference.
5163 In Perl 5.20.0 this was changed so that it would be exactly the
5165 same as setting $/ to undef, with the exception that this warning
5166 would be thrown.
5167 You are recommended to change your code to set $/ to "undef"
5169 explicitly if you wish to slurp the file. As of Perl 5.28
5170 assigning $/ to a reference to an integer which isn't positive is a
5171 fatal error.
5172 Setting $/ to %s reference is forbidden
5174 (F) You tried to assign a reference to a non integer to $/. In
5175 older Perls this would have behaved similarly to setting it to a
5176 reference to a positive integer, where the integer was the address
5177 of the reference. As of Perl 5.20.0 this is a fatal error, to
5178 allow future versions of Perl to use non-integer refs for more
5179 interesting purposes.
5180 shm%s not implemented
5182 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
5183 !=~ should be !~
5185 (W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~. !=~ will be
5186 interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement)
5187 operators: probably not what you intended.
5188 /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
5190 (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a
5191 string, as in the first argument to "join". Perl will treat the
5192 true or false result of matching the pattern against $_ as the
5193 string, which is probably not what you had in mind.
5194 shutdown() on closed socket %s
5196 (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a
5197 bit superfluous.
5198 SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
5200 (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact,
5201 exist. Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
5202 Slab leaked from cv %p
5204 (S) If you see this message, then something is seriously wrong with
5205 the internal bookkeeping of op trees. An op tree needed to be
5206 freed after a compilation error, but could not be found, so it was
5207 leaked instead.
5208 sleep(%u) too large
5210 (W overflow) You called "sleep" with a number that was larger than
5211 it can reliably handle and "sleep" probably slept for less time
5212 than requested.
5213 Slurpy parameter not last
5215 (F) In a subroutine signature, you put something after a slurpy
5216 (array or hash) parameter. The slurpy parameter takes all the
5217 available arguments, so there can't be any left to fill later
5218 parameters.
5219 Smart matching a non-overloaded object breaks encapsulation
5221 (F) You should not use the "~~" operator on an object that does not
5222 overload it: Perl refuses to use the object's underlying structure
5223 for the smart match.
5224 Smartmatch is experimental
5226 (S experimental::smartmatch) This warning is emitted if you use the
5227 smartmatch ("~~") operator. This is currently an experimental
5228 feature, and its details are subject to change in future releases
5229 of Perl. Particularly, its current behavior is noticed for being
5230 unnecessarily complex and unintuitive, and is very likely to be
5231 overhauled.
5232 Sorry, hash keys must be smaller than 2**31 bytes
5234 (F) You tried to create a hash containing a very large key, where
5235 "very large" means that it needs at least 2 gigabytes to store.
5236 Unfortunately, Perl doesn't yet handle such large hash keys. You
5237 should reconsider your design to avoid hashing such a long string
5238 directly.
5239 sort is now a reserved word
5241 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into
5242 anymore. But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it
5243 as a filehandle.
5244 Source filters apply only to byte streams
5246 (F) You tried to activate a source filter (usually by loading a
5247 source filter module) within a string passed to "eval". This is
5248 not permitted under the "unicode_eval" feature. Consider using
5249 "evalbytes" instead. See feature.
5250 splice() offset past end of array
5252 (W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end
5253 of the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at
5254 the end of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you
5255 want, try explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array =
5256 $offset. See "splice" in perlfunc.
5257 Split loop
5259 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split
5260 shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input,
5261 which is what happened.) See "split" in perlfunc.
5262 Statement unlikely to be reached
5264 (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than
5265 a die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never
5266 returns unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use
5267 system() instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put
5268 the exec() in a block by itself.
5269 "state" subroutine %s can't be in a package
5271 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't
5272 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
5273 front.
5274 "state %s" used in sort comparison
5276 (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort
5277 comparisons. You used $a or $b in as an operand to the "<=>" or
5278 "cmp" operator inside a sort comparison block, and the variable had
5279 earlier been declared as a lexical variable. Either qualify the
5280 sort variable with the package name, or rename the lexical
5281 variable.
5282 "state" variable %s can't be in a package
5284 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't
5285 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
5286 front. Use local() if you want to localize a package variable.
5287 stat() on unopened filehandle %s
5289 (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle
5290 that was either never opened or has since been closed.
5291 Strings with code points over 0xFF may not be mapped into in-memory
5293 file handles
5294 (W utf8) You tried to open a reference to a scalar for read or
5295 append where the scalar contained code points over 0xFF. In-memory
5296 files model on-disk files and can only contain bytes.
5297 Stub found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
5299 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by
5300 importation stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but
5301 explicit calls to "can" may break this.
5302 Subroutine attributes must come before the signature
5304 (F) When subroutine signatures are enabled, any subroutine
5305 attributes must come before the signature. Note that this order was
5306 the opposite in versions 5.22..5.26. So:
5307 sub foo :lvalue ($a, $b) { ... } # 5.20 and 5.28 +
5309 sub foo ($a, $b) :lvalue { ... } # 5.22 .. 5.26
5310 Subroutine "&%s" is not available
5312 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval
5313 is attempting to capture an outer lexical subroutine that is not
5314 currently available. This can happen for one of two reasons.
5315 First, the lexical subroutine may be declared in an outer anonymous
5316 subroutine that has not yet been created. (Remember that named
5317 subs are created at compile time, while anonymous subs are created
5318 at run-time.) For example,
5319 sub { my sub a {...} sub f { \&a } }
5321 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current "a"
5323 sub, since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet.
5324 Conversely, the following won't give a warning since the anonymous
5325 subroutine has by now been created and is live:
5326 sub { my sub a {...} eval 'sub f { \&a }' }->();
5328 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a lexical
5330 subroutine that has gone out of scope, for example,
5331 sub f {
5333 my sub a {...}
5334 sub { eval '\&a' }
5335 }
5336 f()->();
5337 Here, when the '\&a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not
5339 currently being executed, so its &a is not available for capture.
5340 "%s" subroutine &%s masks earlier declaration in same %s
5342 (W shadow) A "my" or "state" subroutine has been redeclared in the
5343 current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to
5344 the previous instance. This is almost always a typographical
5345 error. Note that the earlier subroutine will still exist until the
5346 end of the scope or until all closure references to it are
5347 destroyed.
5348 Subroutine %s redefined
5350 (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning,
5351 say
5352 {
5354 no warnings 'redefine';
5355 eval "sub name { ... }";
5356 }
5357 Subroutine "%s" will not stay shared
5359 (W closure) An inner (nested) named subroutine is referencing a
5360 "my" subroutine defined in an outer named subroutine.
5361 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of the
5363 outer subroutine's lexical subroutine as it was before and during
5364 the *first* call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the
5365 first call to the outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer
5366 subroutines will no longer share a common value for the lexical
5367 subroutine. In other words, it will no longer be shared. This
5368 will especially make a difference if the lexical subroutines
5369 accesses lexical variables declared in its surrounding scope.
5370 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
5372 anonymous, using the "sub {}" syntax. When inner anonymous subs
5373 that reference lexical subroutines in outer subroutines are
5374 created, they are automatically rebound to the current values of
5375 such lexical subs.
5376 Substitution loop
5378 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a
5379 substitution shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters
5380 of input, which is what happened.) See the discussion of
5381 substitution in "Regexp Quote-Like Operators" in perlop.
5382 Substitution pattern not terminated
5384 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or
5385 s{}{} construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
5386 level. Missing the leading "$" from variable $s may cause this
5387 error.
5388 Substitution replacement not terminated
5390 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
5391 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
5392 level. Missing the leading "$" from variable $s may cause this
5393 error.
5394 substr outside of string
5396 (W substr)(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed
5397 outside of a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was
5398 larger than the length of the string. See "substr" in perlfunc.
5399 This warning is fatal if substr is used in an lvalue context (as
5400 the left hand side of an assignment or as a subroutine argument for
5401 example).
5402 sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d
5404 (P) Perl tried to force the upgrade of an SV to a type which was
5405 actually inferior to its current type.
5406 Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by
5408 <-- HERE in m/%s/
5409 (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at
5410 most two branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want
5411 one or both to contain alternation, such as using
5412 "this|that|other", enclose it in clustering parentheses:
5413 (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause)
5415 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5417 problem was discovered. See perlre.
5418 Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5420 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause)
5421 construct is not known. The condition must be one of the
5422 following:
5423 (1) (2) ... true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched
5425 (<NAME>) ('NAME') true if named capture matched
5426 (?=...) (?<=...) true if subpattern matches
5427 (?!...) (?<!...) true if subpattern fails to match
5428 (?{ CODE }) true if code returns a true value
5429 (R) true if evaluating inside recursion
5430 (R1) (R2) ... true if directly inside capture group 1, 2, etc.
5431 (R&NAME) true if directly inside named capture
5432 (DEFINE) always false; for defining named subpatterns
5433 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5435 problem was discovered. See perlre.
5436 Switch (?(condition)... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
5438 m/%s/
5439 (F) You omitted to close a (?(condition)...) block somewhere in the
5440 pattern. Add a closing parenthesis in the appropriate position.
5441 See perlre.
5442 switching effective %s is not implemented
5444 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, we cannot switch the
5445 real and effective uids or gids.
5446 syntax error
5448 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
5449 A keyword is misspelled.
5451 A semicolon is missing.
5452 A comma is missing.
5453 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
5454 An opening or closing brace is missing.
5455 A closing quote is missing.
5456 Often there will be another error message associated with the
5458 syntax error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn
5459 on -w.) The error message itself often tells you where it was in
5460 the line when it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is
5461 several tokens before this, because Perl is good at understanding
5462 random input. Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and
5463 once in a blue moon the only way to figure out what's triggering
5464 the error is to call "perl -c" repeatedly, chopping away half the
5465 program each time to see if the error went away. Sort of the
5466 cybernetic version of 20 questions.
5467 syntax error at line %d: '%s' unexpected
5469 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
5470 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
5471 into Perl yourself.
5472 syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s"
5474 (F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through
5475 a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use
5476 strict" or "my $var" or "our $var".
5477 Syntax error in (?[...]) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5479 (F) Perl could not figure out what you meant inside this construct;
5480 this notifies you that it is giving up trying.
5481 %s syntax OK
5483 (F) The final summary message when a "perl -c" succeeds.
5484 sysread() on closed filehandle %s
5486 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
5487 sysread() on unopened filehandle %s
5489 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never
5490 opened.
5491 System V %s is not implemented on this machine
5493 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
5494 "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your
5495 machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be
5496 unconfigured. Consult your system support.
5497 syswrite() on closed filehandle %s
5499 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
5500 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
5501 "-T" and "-B" not implemented on filehandles
5503 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it
5504 doesn't know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a
5505 filename instead.
5506 Target of goto is too deeply nested
5508 (F) You tried to use "goto" to reach a label that was too deeply
5509 nested for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
5510 telldir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
5512 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to telldir() is either closed or not
5513 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
5514 tell() on unopened filehandle
5516 (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle
5517 that was either never opened or has since been closed.
5518 The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia.
5520 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
5521 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because
5522 they think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least
5523 that they will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me
5524 on that, I will deny it.
5525 The experimental declared_refs feature is not enabled
5527 (F) To declare references to variables, as in "my \%x", you must
5528 first enable the feature:
5529 no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
5531 use feature "declared_refs";
5532 The %s function is unimplemented
5534 (F) The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture,
5535 according to the probings of Configure.
5536 The private_use feature is experimental
5538 (S experimental::private_use) This feature is actually a hook for
5539 future use.
5540 The regex_sets feature is experimental
5542 (S experimental::regex_sets) This warning is emitted if you use the
5543 syntax "(?[ ])" in a regular expression. The details of this
5544 feature are subject to change. If you want to use it, but know
5545 that in doing so you are taking the risk of using an experimental
5546 feature which may change in a future Perl version, you can do this
5547 to silence the warning:
5548 no warnings "experimental::regex_sets";
5550 The signatures feature is experimental
5552 (S experimental::signatures) This warning is emitted if you unwrap
5553 a subroutine's arguments using a signature. Simply suppress the
5554 warning if you want to use the feature, but know that in doing so
5555 you are taking the risk of using an experimental feature which may
5556 change or be removed in a future Perl version:
5557 no warnings "experimental::signatures";
5559 use feature "signatures";
5560 sub foo ($left, $right) { ... }
5561 The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat
5563 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic
5564 linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already
5565 went past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual
5566 filename instead.
5567 The Unicode property wildcards feature is experimental
5569 (S experimental::uniprop_wildcards) This feature is experimental
5570 and its behavior may in any future release of perl. See "Wildcards
5571 in Property Values" in perlunicode.
5572 The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables
5574 (F) This attribute was never supported on "my" or "sub"
5575 declarations.
5576 This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
5578 This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
5579 (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or
5580 delete an element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your
5581 copy of Perl wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv()
5582 function. You'll need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or
5583 redefine PERL_ENV_TABLES (see perlvms) so that the environ array
5584 isn't the target of the change to %ENV which produced the warning.
5585 This Perl has not been built with support for randomized hash key
5587 traversal but something called Perl_hv_rand_set().
5588 (F) Something has attempted to use an internal API call which
5589 depends on Perl being compiled with the default support for
5590 randomized hash key traversal, but this Perl has been compiled
5591 without it. You should report this warning to the relevant
5592 upstream party, or recompile perl with default options.
5593 This use of my() in false conditional is no longer allowed
5595 (F) You used a declaration similar to "my $x if 0". There has been
5596 a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical variable not to
5597 be cleared at scope exit when its declaration includes a false
5598 conditional. Some people have exploited this bug to achieve a kind
5599 of static variable. Since we intend to fix this bug, we don't want
5600 people relying on this behavior. You can achieve a similar static
5601 effect by declaring the variable in a separate block outside the
5602 function, eg
5603 sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
5605 becomes
5607 { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
5609 Beginning with perl 5.10.0, you can also use "state" variables to
5611 have lexicals that are initialized only once (see feature):
5612 sub f { state $x; return $x++ }
5614 This use of "my()" in a false conditional was deprecated beginning
5616 in Perl 5.10 and became a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
5617 Timeout waiting for another thread to define \p{%s}
5619 (F) The first time a user-defined property ("User-Defined Character
5620 Properties" in perlunicode) is used, its definition is looked up
5621 and converted into an internal form for more efficient handling in
5622 subsequent uses. There could be a race if two or more threads
5623 tried to do this processing nearly simultaneously. Instead, a
5624 critical section is created around this task, locking out all but
5625 one thread from doing it. This message indicates that the thread
5626 that is doing the conversion is taking an unexpectedly long time.
5627 The timeout exists solely to prevent deadlock; it's long enough
5628 that the system was likely thrashing and about to crash. There is
5629 no real remedy but rebooting.
5630 times not implemented
5632 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I
5633 suspect you're not running on Unix.
5634 "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line
5636 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
5637 -T option (or the -t option), but Perl was not invoked with -T in
5638 its command line. This is an error because, by the time Perl
5639 discovers a -T in a script, it's too late to properly taint
5640 everything from the environment. So Perl gives up.
5641 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
5643 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be
5644 fixed by editing the #! line so that the -%c option is a part of
5645 Perl's first argument: e.g. change "perl -n -%c" to "perl -%c -n".
5646 If the Perl script is being executed as "perl scriptname", then the
5648 -%c option must appear on the command line: "perl -%c scriptname".
5649 To%s: illegal mapping '%s'
5651 (F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst,
5652 uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you
5653 specified an illegal mapping. See "User-Defined Character
5654 Properties" in perlunicode.
5655 Too deeply nested ()-groups
5657 (F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep
5658 nesting level.
5659 Too few args to syscall
5661 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify
5662 the system call to call, silly dilly.
5663 Too few arguments for subroutine '%s'
5665 (F) A subroutine using a signature fewer arguments than required by
5666 the signature. The caller of the subroutine is presumably at
5667 fault.
5668 The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
5670 If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
5671 will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used.
5672 Too late for "-%s" option
5674 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
5675 -M, -m or -C option.
5676 In the case of -M and -m, this is an error because those options
5678 are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the "use" pragma
5679 instead.
5680 The -C option only works if it is specified on the command line as
5682 well (with the same sequence of letters or numbers following).
5683 Either specify this option on the command line, or, if your system
5684 supports it, make your script executable and run it directly
5685 instead of passing it to perl.
5686 Too late to run %s block
5688 (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time
5689 proper, when the opportunity to run them has already passed.
5690 Perhaps you are loading a file with "require" or "do" when you
5691 should be using "use" instead. Or perhaps you should put the
5692 "require" or "do" inside a BEGIN block.
5693 Too many args to syscall
5695 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
5696 Too many arguments for %s
5698 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
5699 Too many arguments for subroutine '%s'
5701 (F) A subroutine using a signature received more arguments than
5702 permitted by the signature. The caller of the subroutine is
5703 presumably at fault.
5704 The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
5706 If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
5707 will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used.
5708 Too many nested open parens in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5710 (F) You have exceeded the number of open "(" parentheses that
5711 haven't been matched by corresponding closing ones. This limit
5712 prevents eating up too much memory. It is initially set to 1000,
5713 but may be changed by setting "${^RE_COMPILE_RECURSION_LIMIT}" to
5714 some other value. This may need to be done in a BEGIN block before
5715 the regular expression pattern is compiled.
5716 Too many )'s
5718 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5719 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5720 yourself.
5721 Too many ('s
5723 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5724 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5725 yourself.
5726 Trailing \ in regex m/%s/
5728 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
5729 Backslash it. See perlre.
5730 Transliteration pattern not terminated
5732 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or
5733 tr[][] or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading "$" from
5734 variables $tr or $y may cause this error.
5735 Transliteration replacement not terminated
5737 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][],
5738 y/// or y[][] construct.
5739 '%s' trapped by operation mask
5741 (F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which
5742 it's disallowed. See Safe.
5743 truncate not implemented
5745 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
5746 Configure knows about.
5747 Type of arg %d to &CORE::%s must be %s
5749 (F) The subroutine in question in the CORE package requires its
5750 argument to be a hard reference to data of the specified type.
5751 Overloading is ignored, so a reference to an object that is not the
5752 specified type, but nonetheless has overloading to handle it, will
5753 still not be accepted.
5754 Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
5756 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
5757 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or "@{EXPR}". Hashes must be
5758 %NAME or "%{EXPR}". No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
5759 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See perlref.
5760 umask not implemented
5762 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried
5763 to use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700).
5764 Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
5766 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5767 how many execution contexts were entered and left.
5768 Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
5770 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5771 how many values were temporarily localized.
5772 Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
5774 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5775 how many blocks were entered and left.
5776 Unbalanced string table refcount: (%d) for "%s"
5778 (S internal) On exit, Perl found some strings remaining in the
5779 shared string table used for copy on write and for hash keys. The
5780 entries should have been freed, so this indicates a bug somewhere.
5781 Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
5783 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5784 how many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
5785 Undefined format "%s" called
5787 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's
5788 really in another package? See perlform.
5789 Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
5791 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.
5792 Perhaps it's in a different package? See "sort" in perlfunc.
5793 Undefined subroutine &%s called
5795 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it
5796 has since been undefined.
5797 Undefined subroutine called
5799 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been
5800 defined, or if it was, it has since been undefined.
5801 Undefined subroutine in sort
5803 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't
5804 seem to have been defined yet. See "sort" in perlfunc.
5805 Undefined top format "%s" called
5807 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's
5808 really in another package? See perlform.
5809 Undefined value assigned to typeglob
5811 (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la "*foo
5812 = undef". This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean
5813 "undef *foo".
5814 %s: Undefined variable
5816 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5817 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5818 yourself.
5819 Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here in regex; marked by
5821 <-- HERE in m/%s/
5822 (F) The simple rule to remember, if you want to match a literal "{"
5823 character (U+007B "LEFT CURLY BRACKET") in a regular expression
5824 pattern, is to escape each literal instance of it in some way.
5825 Generally easiest is to precede it with a backslash, like "\{" or
5826 enclose it in square brackets ("[{]"). If the pattern delimiters
5827 are also braces, any matching right brace ("}") should also be
5828 escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for example,
5829 qr{abc\{def\}ghi}
5831 Forcing literal "{" characters to be escaped enables the Perl
5833 language to be extended in various ways in future releases. To
5834 avoid needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is not
5835 enforced in contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions
5836 that could conflict with the use there of "{" as a literal. Those
5837 that are not potentially ambiguous do not warn; those that are do
5838 raise a non-deprecation warning.
5839 The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are:
5841 • as the first character in a pattern, or following "^"
5843 indicating to anchor the match to the beginning of a line.
5844 • as the first character following a "|" indicating alternation.
5846 • as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like
5848 /foo({bar)/
5850 /foo(?:{bar)/
5851 • as the first character following a quantifier
5853 /\s*{/
5855 Unescaped left brace in regex is passed through in regex; marked by
5857 <-- HERE in m/%s/
5858 (W regexp) The simple rule to remember, if you want to match a
5859 literal "{" character (U+007B "LEFT CURLY BRACKET") in a regular
5860 expression pattern, is to escape each literal instance of it in
5861 some way. Generally easiest is to precede it with a backslash,
5862 like "\{" or enclose it in square brackets ("[{]"). If the pattern
5863 delimiters are also braces, any matching right brace ("}") should
5864 also be escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for example,
5865 qr{abc\{def\}ghi}
5867 Forcing literal "{" characters to be escaped enables the Perl
5869 language to be extended in various ways in future releases. To
5870 avoid needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is not
5871 enforced in contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions
5872 that could conflict with the use there of "{" as a literal. Those
5873 that are not potentially ambiguous do not warn; those that are
5874 raise this warning. This makes sure that an inadvertent typo
5875 doesn't silently cause the pattern to compile to something
5876 unintended.
5877 The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are:
5879 • as the first character in a pattern, or following "^"
5881 indicating to anchor the match to the beginning of a line.
5882 • as the first character following a "|" indicating alternation.
5884 • as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like
5886 /foo({bar)/
5888 /foo(?:{bar)/
5889 • as the first character following a quantifier
5891 /\s*{/
5893 Unescaped literal '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5895 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'")
5896 Within the scope of "use re 'strict'" in a regular expression
5898 pattern, you included an unescaped "}" or "]" which was interpreted
5899 literally. These two characters are sometimes metacharacters, and
5900 sometimes literals, depending on what precedes them in the pattern.
5901 This is unlike the similar ")" which is always a metacharacter
5902 unless escaped.
5903 This action at a distance, perhaps a large distance, can lead to
5905 Perl silently misinterpreting what you meant, so when you specify
5906 that you want extra checking by "use re 'strict'", this warning is
5907 generated. If you meant the character as a literal, simply confirm
5908 that to Perl by preceding the character with a backslash, or make
5909 it into a bracketed character class (like "[}]"). If you meant it
5910 as closing a corresponding "[" or "{", you'll need to look back
5911 through the pattern to find out why that isn't happening.
5912 unexec of %s into %s failed!
5914 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local
5915 FSF representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
5916 Unexpected binary operator '%c' with no preceding operand in regex;
5918 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5919 (F) You had something like this:
5920 (?[ | \p{Digit} ])
5922 where the "|" is a binary operator with an operand on the right,
5924 but no operand on the left.
5925 Unexpected character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5927 (F) You had something like this:
5928 (?[ z ])
5930 Within "(?[ ])", no literal characters are allowed unless they are
5932 within an inner pair of square brackets, like
5933 (?[ [ z ] ])
5935 Another possibility is that you forgot a backslash. Perl isn't
5937 smart enough to figure out what you really meant.
5938 Unexpected constant lvalue entersub entry via type/targ %d:%d
5940 (P) When compiling a subroutine call in lvalue context, Perl failed
5941 an internal consistency check. It encountered a malformed op tree.
5942 Unexpected exit %u
5944 (S) exit() was called or the script otherwise finished gracefully
5945 when "PERL_EXIT_WARN" was set in "PL_exit_flags".
5946 Unexpected exit failure %d
5948 (S) An uncaught die() was called when "PERL_EXIT_WARN" was set in
5949 "PL_exit_flags".
5950 Unexpected ')' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5952 (F) You had something like this:
5953 (?[ ( \p{Digit} + ) ])
5955 The ")" is out-of-place. Something apparently was supposed to be
5957 combined with the digits, or the "+" shouldn't be there, or
5958 something like that. Perl can't figure out what was intended.
5959 Unexpected ']' with no following ')' in (?[... in regex; marked by <--
5961 HERE in m/%s/
5962 (F) While parsing an extended character class a ']' character was
5963 encountered at a point in the definition where the only legal use
5964 of ']' is to close the character class definition as part of a
5965 '])', you may have forgotten the close paren, or otherwise confused
5966 the parser.
5967 Unexpected '(' with no preceding operator in regex; marked by <-- HERE
5969 in m/%s/
5970 (F) You had something like this:
5971 (?[ \p{Digit} ( \p{Lao} + \p{Thai} ) ])
5973 There should be an operator before the "(", as there's no
5975 indication as to how the digits are to be combined with the
5976 characters in the Lao and Thai scripts.
5977 Unicode non-character U+%X is not recommended for open interchange
5979 (S nonchar) Certain codepoints, such as U+FFFE and U+FFFF, are
5980 defined by the Unicode standard to be non-characters. Those are
5981 legal codepoints, but are reserved for internal use; so,
5982 applications shouldn't attempt to exchange them. An application
5983 may not be expecting any of these characters at all, and receiving
5984 them may lead to bugs. If you know what you are doing you can turn
5985 off this warning by "no warnings 'nonchar';".
5986 This is not really a "severe" error, but it is supposed to be
5988 raised by default even if warnings are not enabled, and currently
5989 the only way to do that in Perl is to mark it as serious.
5990 Unicode property wildcard not terminated
5992 (F) A Unicode property wildcard looks like a delimited regular
5993 expression pattern (all within the braces of the enclosing
5994 "\p{...}". The closing delimtter to match the opening one was not
5995 found. If the opening one is escaped by preceding it with a
5996 backslash, the closing one must also be so escaped.
5997 Unicode string properties are not implemented in (?[...]) in regex;
5999 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6000 (F) A Unicode string property is one which expands to a sequence of
6001 multiple characters. An example is "\p{name=KATAKANA LETTER AINU
6002 P}", which is comprised of the sequence "\N{KATAKANA LETTER SMALL
6003 H}" followed by "\N{COMBINING KATAKANA-HIRAGANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND
6004 MARK}". Extended character classes, "(?[...])" currently cannot
6005 handle these.
6006 Unicode surrogate U+%X is illegal in UTF-8
6008 (S surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they
6009 are not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800
6010 and U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16.
6011 However, Perl internally allows all unsigned integer code points
6012 (up to the size limit available on your platform), including
6013 surrogates. But these can cause problems when being input or
6014 output, which is likely where this message came from. If you
6015 really really know what you are doing you can turn off this warning
6016 by "no warnings 'surrogate';".
6017 Unknown charname '%s'
6019 (F) The name you used inside "\N{}" is unknown to Perl. Check the
6020 spelling. You can say "use charnames ":loose"" to not have to be
6021 so precise about spaces, hyphens, and capitalization on standard
6022 Unicode names. (Any custom aliases that have been created must be
6023 specified exactly, regardless of whether ":loose" is used or not.)
6024 This error may also happen if the "\N{}" is not in the scope of the
6025 corresponding "use charnames".
6026 Unknown '(*...)' construct '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6028 (F) The "(*" was followed by something that the regular expression
6029 compiler does not recognize. Check your spelling.
6030 Unknown error
6032 (P) Perl was about to print an error message in $@, but the $@
6033 variable did not exist, even after an attempt to create it.
6034 Unknown locale category %d; can't set it to %s
6036 (W locale) You used a locale category that perl doesn't recognize,
6037 so it cannot carry out your request. Check that you are using a
6038 valid category. If so, see "Multi-threaded" in perllocale for
6039 advice on reporting this as a bug, and for modifying perl locally
6040 to accommodate your needs.
6041 Unknown open() mode '%s'
6043 (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
6044 of valid modes: "<", ">", ">>", "+<", "+>", "+>>", "-|", "|-",
6045 "<&", ">&".
6046 Unknown PerlIO layer "%s"
6048 (W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the
6049 Perl I/O system. (Layers take care of transforming data between
6050 external and internal representations.) Note that some layers,
6051 such as "mmap", are not supported in all environments. If your
6052 program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be
6053 the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
6054 Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
6056 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV
6057 before iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the
6058 stream of data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps
6059 trying to subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
6060 Unknown regexp modifier "/%s"
6062 (F) Alphanumerics immediately following the closing delimiter of a
6063 regular expression pattern are interpreted by Perl as modifier
6064 flags for the regex. One of the ones you specified is invalid.
6065 One way this can happen is if you didn't put in white space between
6066 the end of the regex and a following alphanumeric operator:
6067 if ($a =~ /foo/and $bar == 3) { ... }
6069 The "a" is a valid modifier flag, but the "n" is not, and raises
6071 this error. Likely what was meant instead was:
6072 if ($a =~ /foo/ and $bar == 3) { ... }
6074 Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)
6076 (W) You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma.
6077 Unknown switch condition (?(...)) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6079 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause)
6080 construct is not known. The condition must be one of the
6081 following:
6082 (1) (2) ... true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched
6084 (<NAME>) ('NAME') true if named capture matched
6085 (?=...) (?<=...) true if subpattern matches
6086 (*pla:...) (*plb:...) true if subpattern matches; also
6087 (*positive_lookahead:...)
6088 (*positive_lookbehind:...)
6089 (*nla:...) (*nlb:...) true if subpattern fails to match; also
6090 (*negative_lookahead:...)
6091 (*negative_lookbehind:...)
6092 (?{ CODE }) true if code returns a true value
6093 (R) true if evaluating inside recursion
6094 (R1) (R2) ... true if directly inside capture group 1, 2,
6095 etc.
6096 (R&NAME) true if directly inside named capture
6097 (DEFINE) always false; for defining named subpatterns
6098 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6100 problem was discovered. See perlre.
6101 Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'
6103 (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See perlrun
6104 documentation of the "-C" switch for the list of known options.
6105 Unknown Unicode option value %d
6107 (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See perlrun
6108 documentation of the "-C" switch for the list of known options.
6109 Unknown user-defined property name \p{%s}
6111 (F) You specified to use a property within the "\p{...}" which was
6112 a syntactically valid user-defined property, but no definition was
6113 found for it by the time one was required to proceed. Check your
6114 spelling. See "User-Defined Character Properties" in perlunicode.
6115 Unknown verb pattern '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6117 (F) You either made a typo or have incorrectly put a "*" quantifier
6118 after an open brace in your pattern. Check the pattern and review
6119 perlre for details on legal verb patterns.
6120 Unknown warnings category '%s'
6122 (F) An error issued by the "warnings" pragma. You specified a
6123 warnings category that is unknown to perl at this point.
6124 Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a
6126 module (e.g. "use warnings 'File::Find'"), you must have loaded
6127 this module first.
6128 Unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6130 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish
6131 to include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or
6132 put it first. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular
6133 expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
6134 Unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6136 Unmatched ) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6137 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
6138 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for
6139 finding the matching parenthesis. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
6140 in the regular expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
6141 Unmatched right %s bracket
6143 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than
6144 opening ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening
6145 bracket. As a general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to
6146 speak) near the place you were last editing.
6147 Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
6149 (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a
6150 reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or
6151 capitalize it somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might
6152 also declare it as a subroutine.
6153 Unrecognized character %s; marked by <-- HERE after %s near column %d
6155 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified
6156 character in your Perl script (or eval) near the specified column.
6157 Perhaps you tried to run a compressed script, a binary program, or
6158 a directory as a Perl program.
6159 Unrecognized escape \%c in character class in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6161 in m/%s/
6162 (F) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6163 recognized by Perl inside character classes. This is a fatal error
6164 when the character class is used within "(?[ ])".
6165 Unrecognized escape \%c in character class passed through in regex;
6167 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6168 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6169 recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was
6170 understood literally, but this may change in a future version of
6171 Perl. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6172 escape was discovered.
6173 Unrecognized escape \%c passed through
6175 (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6176 recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally, but
6177 this may change in a future version of Perl.
6178 Unrecognized escape \%s passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6180 m/%s/
6181 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6182 recognized by Perl. The character(s) were understood literally,
6183 but this may change in a future version of Perl. The <-- HERE
6184 shows whereabouts in the regular expression the escape was
6185 discovered.
6186 Unrecognized signal name "%s"
6188 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
6189 recognized. Say "kill -l" in your shell to see the valid signal
6190 names on your system.
6191 Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)
6193 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If
6194 you think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's
6195 supplying the bad switch on your behalf.)
6196 Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
6198 (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that
6199 operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a
6200 newline, PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See
6201 "chomp" in perlfunc.
6202 Unsupported directory function "%s" called
6204 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
6205 Unsupported function %s
6207 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function,
6208 apparently. At least, Configure doesn't think so.
6209 Unsupported function fork
6211 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
6212 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different
6214 flavors of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some
6215 not. Try changing the name you call Perl by to "perl_", "perl__",
6216 and so on.
6217 Unsupported script encoding %s
6219 (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM)
6220 which declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot
6221 read.
6222 Unsupported socket function "%s" called
6224 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or
6225 at least that's what Configure thought.
6226 Unterminated '(*...' argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6228 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*...:...)" but did not
6229 terminate the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6230 Unterminated attribute list
6232 (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the
6233 start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a
6234 block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous
6235 attribute too soon. See attributes.
6236 Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list
6238 (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while
6239 parsing an attribute list, but the matching closing (right)
6240 parenthesis character was not found. You may need to add (or
6241 remove) a backslash character to get your parentheses to balance.
6242 See attributes.
6243 Unterminated compressed integer
6245 (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER
6246 compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer.
6247 See "pack" in perlfunc.
6248 Unterminated '(*...' construct in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6250 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*...)" but did not terminate
6251 the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6252 Unterminated delimiter for here document
6254 (F) This message occurs when a here document label has an initial
6255 quotation mark but the final quotation mark is missing. Perhaps
6256 you wrote:
6257 <<"foo
6259 instead of:
6261 <<"foo"
6263 Unterminated \g... pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6265 Unterminated \g{...} pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6266 (F) In a regular expression, you had a "\g" that wasn't followed by
6267 a proper group reference. In the case of "\g{", the closing brace
6268 is missing; otherwise the "\g" must be followed by an integer. Fix
6269 the pattern and retry.
6270 Unterminated <> operator
6272 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was
6273 expecting a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle
6274 bracket, and not finding it. Chances are you left some needed
6275 parentheses out earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
6276 than".
6277 Unterminated verb pattern argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6279 m/%s/
6280 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*VERB:ARG)" but did not
6281 terminate the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6282 Unterminated verb pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6284 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*VERB)" but did not terminate
6285 the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6286 untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
6288 (W untie) A copy of the object returned from "tie" (or "tied") was
6289 still valid when "untie" was called.
6290 Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)
6292 (F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments. See
6293 "FUNCTIONS" in POSIX for more information.
6294 Usage: Win32::%s(%s)
6296 (F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments. See
6297 Win32 for more information.
6298 $[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)
6300 (W syntax) You used $[ in a comparison, such as:
6301 if ($[ > 5.006) {
6303 ...
6304 }
6305 You probably meant to use $] instead. $[ is the base for indexing
6307 arrays. $] is the Perl version number in decimal.
6308 Use "%s" instead of "%s"
6310 (F) The second listed construct is no longer legal. Use the first
6311 one instead.
6312 Useless assignment to a temporary
6314 (W misc) You assigned to an lvalue subroutine, but what the
6315 subroutine returned was a temporary scalar about to be discarded,
6316 so the assignment had no effect.
6317 Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6319 m/%s/
6320 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that
6321 has no meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:
6322 if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... }
6324 must be written as
6326 if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }
6328 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6330 problem was discovered. See perlre.
6331 Useless localization of %s
6333 (W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as "local($x=10)" is
6334 legal, but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may
6335 change at some point in the future, but in the meantime such code
6336 is discouraged.
6337 Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6339 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has
6340 no meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
6341 if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
6343 must be written as
6345 if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
6347 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6349 problem was discovered. See perlre.
6350 Useless use of attribute "const"
6352 (W misc) The "const" attribute has no effect except on anonymous
6353 closure prototypes. You applied it to a subroutine via
6354 attributes.pm. This is only useful inside an attribute handler for
6355 an anonymous subroutine.
6356 Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator
6358 (W misc) You have used the /d modifier where the searchlist has the
6359 same length as the replacelist. See perlop for more information
6360 about the /d modifier.
6361 Useless use of \E
6363 (W misc) You have a \E in a double-quotish string without a "\U",
6364 "\L" or "\Q" preceding it.
6365 Useless use of greediness modifier '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6367 m/%s/
6368 (W regexp) You specified something like these:
6369 qr/a{3}?/
6371 qr/b{1,1}+/
6372 The "?" and "+" don't have any effect, as they modify whether to
6374 match more or fewer when there is a choice, and by specifying to
6375 match exactly a given numer, there is no room left for a choice.
6376 Useless use of %s in void context
6378 (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that
6379 does nothing with the return value, such as a statement that
6380 doesn't return a value from a block, or the left side of a scalar
6381 comma operator. Very often this points not to stupidity on your
6382 part, but a failure of Perl to parse your program the way you
6383 thought it would. For example, you'd get this if you mixed up your
6384 C precedence with Python precedence and said
6385 $one, $two = 1, 2;
6387 when you meant to say
6389 ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
6391 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a
6393 list reference when you should be using square or curly brackets,
6394 for example, if you say
6395 $array = (1,2);
6397 when you should have said
6399 $array = [1,2];
6401 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar
6403 value, while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is
6404 evaluated in a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma
6405 operator, which throws away the left argument, which is not what
6406 you want. See perlref for more on this.
6407 This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0
6409 or 1 since they are often used in statements like
6410 1 while sub_with_side_effects();
6412 String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned
6414 about.
6415 Useless use of (?-p) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6417 (W regexp) The "p" modifier cannot be turned off once set. Trying
6418 to do so is futile.
6419 Useless use of "re" pragma
6421 (W) You did "use re;" without any arguments. That isn't very
6422 useful.
6423 Useless use of sort in scalar context
6425 (W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in :
6426 my $x = sort @y;
6428 This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away.
6430 Useless use of %s with no values
6432 (W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no
6433 arguments apart from the array, like "push(@x)" or "unshift(@foo)".
6434 That won't usually have any effect on the array, so is completely
6435 useless. It's possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could
6436 have some effect if the array is tied to a class which implements a
6437 PUSH method. If so, you can write it as "push(@tied_array,())" to
6438 avoid this warning.
6439 "use" not allowed in expression
6441 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time,
6442 and returns no useful value. See perlmod.
6443 Use of bare << to mean <<"" is forbidden
6445 (F) You are now required to use the explicitly quoted form if you
6446 wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
6447 Use of a bare terminator was deprecated in Perl 5.000, and is a
6449 fatal error as of Perl 5.28.
6450 Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///
6452 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c
6453 modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions.
6454 Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g
6456 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but
6457 didn't use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when
6458 /g is used. (This may change in the future.)
6459 Use of code point 0x%s is not allowed; the permissible max is 0x%X
6461 Use of code point 0x%s is not allowed; the permissible max is 0x%X in
6462 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6463 (F) You used a code point that is not allowed, because it is too
6464 large. Unicode only allows code points up to 0x10FFFF, but Perl
6465 allows much larger ones. Earlier versions of Perl allowed code
6466 points above IV_MAX (0x7FFFFFF on 32-bit platforms,
6467 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF on 64-bit platforms), however, this could
6468 possibly break the perl interpreter in some constructs, including
6469 causing it to hang in a few cases.
6470 If your code is to run on various platforms, keep in mind that the
6472 upper limit depends on the platform. It is much larger on 64-bit
6473 word sizes than 32-bit ones.
6474 The use of out of range code points was deprecated in Perl 5.24,
6476 and became a fatal error in Perl 5.28.
6477 Use of each() on hash after insertion without resetting hash iterator
6479 results in undefined behavior
6480 (S internal) The behavior of "each()" after insertion is undefined;
6481 it may skip items, or visit items more than once. Consider using
6482 "keys()" instead of "each()".
6483 Use of := for an empty attribute list is not allowed
6485 (F) The construction "my $x := 42" used to parse as equivalent to
6486 "my $x : = 42" (applying an empty attribute list to $x). This
6487 construct was deprecated in 5.12.0, and has now been made a syntax
6488 error, so ":=" can be reclaimed as a new operator in the future.
6489 If you need an empty attribute list, for example in a code
6491 generator, add a space before the "=".
6492 Use of %s for non-UTF-8 locale is wrong. Assuming a UTF-8 locale
6494 (W locale) You are matching a regular expression using locale
6495 rules, and the specified construct was encountered. This construct
6496 is only valid for UTF-8 locales, which the current locale isn't.
6497 This doesn't make sense. Perl will continue, assuming a Unicode
6498 (UTF-8) locale, but the results are likely to be wrong.
6499 Use of freed value in iteration
6501 (F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop? This
6502 error is typically caused by code like the following:
6503 @a = (3,4);
6505 @a = () for (1,2,@a);
6506 You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated
6508 over. For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not
6509 do full reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such
6510 an item in the middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed
6511 value.
6512 Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split
6514 (W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a "split"
6515 operator. Since "split" always tries to match the pattern
6516 repeatedly, the "/g" has no effect.
6517 Use of "goto" to jump into a construct is deprecated
6519 (D deprecated) Using "goto" to jump from an outer scope into an
6520 inner scope is deprecated and should be avoided.
6521 This was deprecated in Perl 5.12.
6523 Use of '%s' in \p{} or \P{} is deprecated because: %s
6525 (D deprecated) Certain properties are deprecated by Unicode, and
6526 may eventually be removed from the Standard, at which time Perl
6527 will follow along. In the meantime, this message is raised to
6528 notify you.
6529 Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%s() is no longer allowed
6531 (F) As an accidental feature, "AUTOLOAD" subroutines were looked up
6532 as methods (using the @ISA hierarchy), even when the subroutines to
6533 be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g. "Foo::bar()"),
6534 not as methods (e.g. "Foo->bar()" or "$obj->bar()").
6535 This was deprecated in Perl 5.004, and was made fatal in Perl 5.28.
6537 Use of %s in printf format not supported
6539 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible
6540 from only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in
6541 Perl.
6542 Use of %s is not allowed in Unicode property wildcard subpatterns in
6544 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6545 (F) You were using a wildcard subpattern a Unicode property value,
6546 and the subpattern contained something that is illegal. Not all
6547 regular expression capabilities are legal in such subpatterns, and
6548 this is one. Rewrite your subppattern to not use the offending
6549 construct. See "Wildcards in Property Values" in perlunicode.
6550 Use of -l on filehandle%s
6552 (W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened
6553 the file it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying
6554 to look for. The operation returned "undef". Use a filename
6555 instead.
6556 Use of reference "%s" as array index
6558 (W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this
6559 probably isn't what you mean, because references in numerical
6560 context tend to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates
6561 programmer error.
6562 If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like
6564 so: $array[0+$ref]. This warning is not given for overloaded
6565 objects, however, because you can overload the numification and
6566 stringification operators and then you presumably know what you are
6567 doing.
6568 Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to %s operator
6570 is not allowed
6571 (F) You tried to use one of the string bitwise operators ("&" or
6572 "|" or "^" or "~") on a string containing a code point over 0xFF.
6573 The string bitwise operators treat their operands as strings of
6574 bytes, and values beyond 0xFF are nonsensical in this context.
6575 Certain instances became fatal in Perl 5.28; others in perl 5.32.
6577 Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to vec is
6579 forbidden
6580 (F) You tried to use "vec" on a string containing a code point over
6581 0xFF, which is nonsensical here.
6582 This became fatal in Perl 5.32.
6584 Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated
6586 (W taint, deprecated) You have supplied "system()" or "exec()" with
6587 multiple arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used
6588 to be allowed but will become a fatal error in a future version of
6589 perl. Untaint your arguments. See perlsec.
6590 Use of unassigned code point or non-standalone grapheme for a delimiter
6592 is not allowed
6593 (F) A grapheme is what appears to a native-speaker of a language to
6594 be a character. In Unicode (and hence Perl) a grapheme may
6595 actually be several adjacent characters that together form a
6596 complete grapheme. For example, there can be a base character,
6597 like "R" and an accent, like a circumflex "^", that appear when
6598 displayed to be a single character with the circumflex hovering
6599 over the "R". Perl currently allows things like that circumflex to
6600 be delimiters of strings, patterns, etc. When displayed, the
6601 circumflex would look like it belongs to the character just to the
6602 left of it. In order to move the language to be able to accept
6603 graphemes as delimiters, we cannot allow the use of delimiters
6604 which aren't graphemes by themselves. Also, a delimiter must
6605 already be assigned (or known to be never going to be assigned) to
6606 try to future-proof code, for otherwise code that works today would
6607 fail to compile if the currently unassigned delimiter ends up being
6608 something that isn't a stand-alone grapheme. Because Unicode is
6609 never going to assign non-character code points, nor code points
6610 that are above the legal Unicode maximum, those can be delimiters,
6611 and their use is legal.
6612 Use of uninitialized value%s
6614 (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already
6615 defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a
6616 mistake. To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your
6617 variables.
6618 To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell
6620 you the name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some
6621 cases it cannot do this, so it also tells you what operation you
6622 used the undefined value in. Note, however, that perl optimizes
6623 your program and the operation displayed in the warning may not
6624 necessarily appear literally in your program. For example, "that
6625 $foo" is usually optimized into ""that " . $foo", and the warning
6626 will refer to the "concatenation (.)" operator, even though there
6627 is no "." in your program.
6628 "use re 'strict'" is experimental
6630 (S experimental::re_strict) The things that are different when a
6631 regular expression pattern is compiled under 'strict' are subject
6632 to change in future Perl releases in incompatible ways. This means
6633 that a pattern that compiles today may not in a future Perl
6634 release. This warning is to alert you to that risk.
6635 Use \x{...} for more than two hex characters in regex; marked by
6637 <-- HERE in m/%s/
6638 (F) In a regular expression, you said something like
6639 (?[ [ \xBEEF ] ])
6641 Perl isn't sure if you meant this
6643 (?[ [ \x{BEEF} ] ])
6645 or if you meant this
6647 (?[ [ \x{BE} E F ] ])
6649 You need to add either braces or blanks to disambiguate.
6651 Using just the first character returned by \N{} in character class in
6653 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6654 (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes "(\N{...})" may return a
6655 multi-character sequence. Even though a character class is
6656 supposed to match just one character of input, perl will match the
6657 whole thing correctly, except when the class is inverted
6658 ("[^...]"), or the escape is the beginning or final end point of a
6659 range. For these, what should happen isn't clear at all. In these
6660 circumstances, Perl discards all but the first character of the
6661 returned sequence, which is not likely what you want.
6662 Using just the single character results returned by \p{} in (?[...]) in
6664 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6665 (W regexp) Extended character classes currently cannot handle
6666 operands that evaluate to more than one character. These are
6667 removed from the results of the expansion of the "\p{}".
6668 This situation can happen, for example, in
6670 (?[ \p{name=/KATAKANA/} ])
6672 "KATAKANA LETTER AINU P" is a legal Unicode name (technically a
6674 "named sequence"), but it is actually two characters. The above
6675 expression with match only the Unicode names containing KATAKANA
6676 that represent single characters.
6677 Using /u for '%s' instead of /%s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6679 (W regexp) You used a Unicode boundary ("\b{...}" or "\B{...}") in
6680 a portion of a regular expression where the character set modifiers
6681 "/a" or "/aa" are in effect. These two modifiers indicate an ASCII
6682 interpretation, and this doesn't make sense for a Unicode
6683 definition. The generated regular expression will compile so that
6684 the boundary uses all of Unicode. No other portion of the regular
6685 expression is affected.
6686 Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense
6688 (F) Using the "!~" operator with "s///r", "tr///r" or "y///r" is
6689 currently reserved for future use, as the exact behavior has not
6690 been decided. (Simply returning the boolean opposite of the
6691 modified string is usually not particularly useful.)
6692 UTF-16 surrogate U+%X
6694 (S surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they
6695 are not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800
6696 and U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16.
6697 However, Perl internally allows all unsigned integer code points
6698 (up to the size limit available on your platform), including
6699 surrogates. But these can cause problems when being input or
6700 output, which is likely where this message came from. If you
6701 really really know what you are doing you can turn off this warning
6702 by "no warnings 'surrogate';".
6703 Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
6705 (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*>
6706 (glob), "each()", or "readdir()" as a boolean value. Each of these
6707 constructs can return a value of "0"; that would make the
6708 conditional expression false, which is probably not what you
6709 intended. When using these constructs in conditional expressions,
6710 test their values with the "defined" operator.
6711 Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long
6713 (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value
6714 of an %ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant
6715 string longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been
6716 truncated to 1024 characters.
6717 Variable "%s" is not available
6719 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval
6720 is attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently
6721 available. This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the
6722 outer lexical may be declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that
6723 has not yet been created. (Remember that named subs are created at
6724 compile time, while anonymous subs are created at run-time.) For
6725 example,
6726 sub { my $a; sub f { $a } }
6728 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value
6730 of $a, since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet.
6731 Conversely, the following won't give a warning since the anonymous
6732 subroutine has by now been created and is live:
6733 sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->();
6735 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that
6737 has gone out of scope, for example,
6738 sub f {
6740 my $a;
6741 sub { eval '$a' }
6742 }
6743 f()->();
6744 Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not
6746 currently being executed, so its $a is not available for capture.
6747 Variable "%s" is not imported%s
6749 (S misc) With "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global
6750 variable that you apparently thought was imported from another
6751 module, because something else of the same name (usually a
6752 subroutine) is exported by that module. It usually means you put
6753 the wrong funny character on the front of your variable.
6754 Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex m/%s/
6756 (F) This message no longer should be raised as of Perl 5.30. It is
6757 retained in this document as a convenience for people using an
6758 earlier Perl version.
6759 In Perl 5.30 and earlier, lookbehind is allowed only for
6761 subexpressions whose length is fixed and known at compile time.
6762 For positive lookbehind, you can use the "\K" regex construct as a
6763 way to get the equivalent functionality. See (?<=pattern) and \K
6764 in perlre.
6765 Starting in Perl 5.18, there are non-obvious Unicode rules under
6767 "/i" that can match variably, but which you might not think could.
6768 For example, the substring "ss" can match the single character
6769 LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S. Here's a complete list of the current
6770 ones affecting ASCII characters:
6771 ASCII
6773 sequence Matches single letter under /i
6774 FF U+FB00 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FF
6775 FFI U+FB03 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFI
6776 FFL U+FB04 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFL
6777 FI U+FB01 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FI
6778 FL U+FB02 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FL
6779 SS U+00DF LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S
6780 U+1E9E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S
6781 ST U+FB06 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE ST
6782 U+FB05 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE LONG S T
6783 This list is subject to change, but is quite unlikely to. Each
6785 ASCII sequence can be any combination of upper- and lowercase.
6786 You can avoid this by using a bracketed character class in the
6788 lookbehind assertion, like
6789 (?<![sS]t)
6791 (?<![fF]f[iI])
6792 This fools Perl into not matching the ligatures.
6794 Another option for Perls starting with 5.16, if you only care about
6796 ASCII matches, is to add the "/aa" modifier to the regex. This
6797 will exclude all these non-obvious matches, thus getting rid of
6798 this message. You can also say
6799 use if $] ge 5.016, re => '/aa';
6801 to apply "/aa" to all regular expressions compiled within its
6803 scope. See re.
6804 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
6806 (W shadow) A "my", "our" or "state" variable has been redeclared in
6807 the current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access
6808 to the previous instance. This is almost always a typographical
6809 error. Note that the earlier variable will still exist until the
6810 end of the scope or until all closure references to it are
6811 destroyed.
6812 Variable syntax
6814 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
6815 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
6816 yourself.
6817 Variable "%s" will not stay shared
6819 (W closure) An inner (nested) named subroutine is referencing a
6820 lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine.
6821 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of the
6823 outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
6824 call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to
6825 the outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines
6826 will no longer share a common value for the variable. In other
6827 words, the variable will no longer be shared.
6828 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
6830 anonymous, using the "sub {}" syntax. When inner anonymous subs
6831 that reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they are
6832 automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
6833 vector argument not supported with alpha versions
6835 (S printf) The %vd (s)printf format does not support version
6836 objects with alpha parts.
6837 Verb pattern '%s' has a mandatory argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6839 in m/%s/
6840 (F) You used a verb pattern that requires an argument. Supply an
6841 argument or check that you are using the right verb.
6842 Verb pattern '%s' may not have an argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6844 in m/%s/
6845 (F) You used a verb pattern that is not allowed an argument.
6846 Remove the argument or check that you are using the right verb.
6847 Version control conflict marker
6849 (F) The parser found a line starting with "<<<<<<<", ">>>>>>>", or
6850 "=======". These may be left by a version control system to mark
6851 conflicts after a failed merge operation.
6852 Version number must be a constant number
6854 (P) The attempt to translate a "use Module n.n LIST" statement into
6855 its equivalent "BEGIN" block found an internal inconsistency with
6856 the version number.
6857 Version string '%s' contains invalid data; ignoring: '%s'
6859 (W misc) The version string contains invalid characters at the end,
6860 which are being ignored.
6861 Warning: something's wrong
6863 (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of "warn """)
6864 or you called it with no args and $@ was empty.
6865 Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
6867 (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication
6868 on the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of
6869 disk space.
6870 Warning: unable to close filehandle properly: %s
6872 Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly: %s
6873 (S io) There were errors during the implicit close() done on a
6874 filehandle when its reference count reached zero while it was still
6875 open, e.g.:
6876 {
6878 open my $fh, '>', $file or die "open: '$file': $!\n";
6879 print $fh $data or die "print: $!";
6880 } # implicit close here
6881 Because various errors may only be detected by close() (e.g.
6883 buffering could allow the "print" in this example to return true
6884 even when the disk is full), it is dangerous to ignore its result.
6885 So when it happens implicitly, perl will signal errors by warning.
6886 Prior to version 5.22.0, perl ignored such errors, so the common
6888 idiom shown above was liable to cause silent data loss.
6889 Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
6891 (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that
6892 looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted
6893 as a term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the
6894 rand function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
6895 rand + 5;
6897 you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
6899 rand() + 5;
6901 but in actual fact, you got
6903 rand(+5);
6905 So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
6907 when is experimental
6909 (S experimental::smartmatch) "when" depends on smartmatch, which is
6910 experimental. Additionally, it has several special cases that may
6911 not be immediately obvious, and their behavior may change or even
6912 be removed in any future release of perl. See the explanation
6913 under "Experimental Details on given and when" in perlsyn.
6914 Wide character in %s
6916 (S utf8) Perl met a wide character (ordinal >255) when it wasn't
6917 expecting one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print).
6918 If this warning does come from I/O, the easiest way to quiet it is
6920 simply to add the ":utf8" layer, e.g., "binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'".
6921 Another way to turn off the warning is to add "no warnings 'utf8';"
6922 but that is often closer to cheating. In general, you are supposed
6923 to explicitly mark the filehandle with an encoding, see open and
6924 "binmode" in perlfunc.
6925 If the warning comes from other than I/O, this diagnostic probably
6927 indicates that incorrect results are being obtained. You should
6928 examine your code to determine how a wide character is getting to
6929 an operation that doesn't handle them.
6930 Wide character (U+%X) in %s
6932 (W locale) While in a single-byte locale (i.e., a non-UTF-8 one), a
6933 multi-byte character was encountered. Perl considers this
6934 character to be the specified Unicode code point. Combining
6935 non-UTF-8 locales and Unicode is dangerous. Almost certainly some
6936 characters will have two different representations. For example,
6937 in the ISO 8859-7 (Greek) locale, the code point 0xC3 represents a
6938 Capital Gamma. But so also does 0x393. This will make string
6939 comparisons unreliable.
6940 You likely need to figure out how this multi-byte character got
6942 mixed up with your single-byte locale (or perhaps you thought you
6943 had a UTF-8 locale, but Perl disagrees).
6944 Within []-length '%c' not allowed
6946 (F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by
6947 "[TEMPLATE]" only if "TEMPLATE" always matches the same amount of
6948 packed bytes that can be determined from the template alone. This
6949 is not possible if it contains any of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a
6950 *-length. Redesign the template.
6951 While trying to resolve method call %s->%s() can not locate package
6953 "%s" yet it is mentioned in @%s::ISA (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?)
6954 (W syntax) It is possible that the @ISA contains a misspelled or
6955 never loaded package name, which can result in perl choosing an
6956 unexpected parent class's method to resolve the method call. If
6957 this is deliberate you can do something like
6958 @Missing::Package::ISA = ();
6960 to silence the warnings, otherwise you should correct the package
6962 name, or ensure that the package is loaded prior to the method
6963 call.
6964 %s() with negative argument
6966 (S misc) Certain operations make no sense with negative arguments.
6967 Warning is given and the operation is not done.
6968 write() on closed filehandle %s
6970 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
6971 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
6972 %s "\x%X" does not map to Unicode
6974 (S utf8) When reading in different encodings, Perl tries to map
6975 everything into Unicode characters. The bytes you read in are not
6976 legal in this encoding. For example
6977 utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode
6979 if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8.
6981 'X' outside of string
6983 (F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position
6984 before the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See "pack" in
6985 perlfunc.
6986 'x' outside of string in unpack
6988 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position
6989 after the end of the string being unpacked. See "pack" in
6990 perlfunc.
6991 YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
6993 (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have
6994 the sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a
6995 rip about what you want. There is a vulnerability anywhere that
6996 you have a set-id script, and to close it you need to remove the
6997 set-id bit from the script that you're attempting to run. To
6998 actually run the script set-id, your best bet is to put a set-id C
6999 wrapper around your script.
7000 You need to quote "%s"
7002 (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
7003 Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared,
7004 which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the
7005 assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If
7006 it IS what you want, put an & in front.)
7007 Your random numbers are not that random
7009 (F) When trying to initialize the random seed for hashes, Perl
7010 could not get any randomness out of your system. This usually
7011 indicates Something Very Wrong.
7012 Zero length \N{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
7014 (F) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a zero-
7015 length sequence. Such an escape was used in an extended character
7016 class, i.e. "(?[...])", or under "use re 'strict'", which is not
7017 permitted. Check that the correct escape has been used, and the
7018 correct charnames handler is in scope. The <-- HERE shows
7019 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
7020
7022 warnings, diagnostics.
7023perl v5.32.1 2021-05-31 PERLDIAG(1)