1PERLDIAG(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLDIAG(1)
2
6 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7
9 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10 desperation):
11 (W) A warning (optional).
13 (D) A deprecation (enabled by default).
14 (S) A severe warning (enabled by default).
15 (F) A fatal error (trappable).
16 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
17 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
18 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
19 The majority of messages from the first three classifications above (W,
21 D & S) can be controlled using the "warnings" pragma.
22 If a message can be controlled by the "warnings" pragma, its warning
24 category is included with the classification letter in the description
25 below. E.g. "(W closed)" means a warning in the "closed" category.
26 Optional warnings are enabled by using the "warnings" pragma or the -w
28 and -W switches. Warnings may be captured by setting $SIG{__WARN__} to
29 a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead of
30 printing it. See perlvar.
31 Severe warnings are always enabled, unless they are explicitly disabled
33 with the "warnings" pragma or the -X switch.
34 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See "eval" in
36 perlfunc. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively disabled or
37 promoted to fatal errors using the "warnings" pragma. See warnings.
38 The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or
40 lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are
41 denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are
42 ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than
43 letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a
44 letter.
45 accept() on closed socket %s
47 (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you
48 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
49 "accept" in perlfunc.
50 Aliasing via reference is experimental
52 (S experimental::refaliasing) This warning is emitted if you use a
53 reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment to
54 alias one variable to another. Simply suppress the warning if you
55 want to use the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking
56 the risk of using an experimental feature which may change or be
57 removed in a future Perl version:
58 no warnings "experimental::refaliasing";
60 use feature "refaliasing";
61 \$x = \$y;
62 '%c' allowed only after types %s in %s
64 (F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or
65 unpack() only after certain types. See "pack" in perlfunc.
66 alpha->numify() is lossy
68 (W numeric) An alpha version can not be numified without losing
69 information.
70 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
72 (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a
73 Perl keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for
74 calling one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because
75 the subroutine is not imported.
76 To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an
78 ampersand before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its
79 package. Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend
80 that it's imported with the "use subs" pragma).
81 To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the "CORE::"
83 prefix on the operator (e.g. "CORE::log($x)") or declare the
84 subroutine to be an object method (see "Subroutine Attributes" in
85 perlsub or attributes).
86 Ambiguous range in transliteration operator
88 (F) You wrote something like "tr/a-z-0//" which doesn't mean
89 anything at all. To include a "-" character in a transliteration,
90 put it either first or last. (In the past, "tr/a-z-0//" was
91 synonymous with "tr/a-y//", which was probably not what you would
92 have expected.)
93 Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
95 (S ambiguous) You said something that may not be interpreted the
96 way you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by
97 supplying a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or
98 declaration.
99 Ambiguous use of -%s resolved as -&%s()
101 (S ambiguous) You wrote something like "-foo", which might be the
102 string "-foo", or a call to the function "foo", negated. If you
103 meant the string, just write "-foo". If you meant the function
104 call, write "-foo()".
105 Ambiguous use of %c resolved as operator %c
107 (S ambiguous) "%", "&", and "*" are both infix operators (modulus,
108 bitwise and, and multiplication) and initial special characters
109 (denoting hashes, subroutines and typeglobs), and you said
110 something like "*foo * foo" that might be interpreted as either of
111 them. We assumed you meant the infix operator, but please try to
112 make it more clear -- in the example given, you might write "*foo *
113 foo()" if you really meant to multiply a glob by the result of
114 calling a function.
115 Ambiguous use of %c{%s} resolved to %c%s
117 (W ambiguous) You wrote something like "@{foo}", which might be
118 asking for the variable @foo, or it might be calling a function
119 named foo, and dereferencing it as an array reference. If you
120 wanted the variable, you can just write @foo. If you wanted to
121 call the function, write "@{foo()}" ... or you could just not have
122 a variable and a function with the same name, and save yourself a
123 lot of trouble.
124 Ambiguous use of %c{%s[...]} resolved to %c%s[...]
126 Ambiguous use of %c{%s{...}} resolved to %c%s{...}
127 (W ambiguous) You wrote something like "${foo[2]}" (where foo
128 represents the name of a Perl keyword), which might be looking for
129 element number 2 of the array named @foo, in which case please
130 write $foo[2], or you might have meant to pass an anonymous
131 arrayref to the function named foo, and then do a scalar deref on
132 the value it returns. If you meant that, write "${foo([2])}".
133 In regular expressions, the "${foo[2]}" syntax is sometimes
135 necessary to disambiguate between array subscripts and character
136 classes. "/$length[2345]/", for instance, will be interpreted as
137 $length followed by the character class "[2345]". If an array
138 subscript is what you want, you can avoid the warning by changing
139 "/${length[2345]}/" to the unsightly "/${\$length[2345]}/", by
140 renaming your array to something that does not coincide with a
141 built-in keyword, or by simply turning off warnings with "no
142 warnings 'ambiguous';".
143 '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
145 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
146 redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also
147 tried to redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a
148 customer, please.
149 '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
151 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
152 redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file
153 and into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the
154 other, though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or
155 Perl script which 'splits' output into two streams, such as
156 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
158 while (<STDIN>) {
159 print;
160 print OUT;
161 }
162 close OUT;
163 Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
165 (W misc) The pattern match ("//"), substitution ("s///"), and
166 transliteration ("tr///") operators work on scalar values. If you
167 apply one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array
168 or hash to a scalar value (the length of an array, or the
169 population info of a hash) and then work on that scalar value.
170 This is probably not what you meant to do. See "grep" in perlfunc
171 and "map" in perlfunc for alternatives.
172 Arg too short for msgsnd
174 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
175 Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
177 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an
178 operator that expected a numeric value instead. If you're
179 fortunate the message will identify which operator was so
180 unfortunate.
181 Note that for the "Inf" and "NaN" (infinity and not-a-number) the
183 definition of "numeric" is somewhat unusual: the strings themselves
184 (like "Inf") are considered numeric, and anything following them is
185 considered non-numeric.
186 Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s"
188 (W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O
189 system you forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers
190 take care of transforming data between external and internal
191 representations.) Perl stopped parsing the layer list at this
192 point and did not attempt to push this layer. If your program
193 didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the
194 result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
195 Argument "%s" treated as 0 in increment (++)
197 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to the "++"
198 operator which expects either a number or a string matching
199 "/^[a-zA-Z]*[0-9]*\z/". See "Auto-increment and Auto-decrement" in
200 perlop for details.
201 Array passed to stat will be coerced to a scalar%s
203 (W syntax) You called stat() on an array, but the array will be
204 coerced to a scalar - the number of elements in the array.
205 A signature parameter must start with '$', '@' or '%'
207 (F) Each subroutine signature parameter declaration must start with
208 a valid sigil; for example:
209 sub foo ($a, $, $b = 1, @c) {}
211 A slurpy parameter may not have a default value
213 (F) Only scalar subroutine signature parameters may have a default
214 value; for example:
215 sub foo ($a = 1) {} # legal
217 sub foo (@a = (1)) {} # invalid
218 sub foo (%a = (a => b)) {} # invalid
219 assertion botched: %s
221 (X) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal
222 failure.
223 Assertion %s failed: file "%s", line %d
225 (X) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be
226 examined.
227 Assigned value is not a reference
229 (F) You tried to assign something that was not a reference to an
230 lvalue reference (e.g., "\$x = $y"). If you meant to make $x an
231 alias to $y, use "\$x = \$y".
232 Assigned value is not %s reference
234 (F) You tried to assign a reference to a reference constructor, but
235 the two references were not of the same type. You cannot alias a
236 scalar to an array, or an array to a hash; the two types must
237 match.
238 \$x = \@y; # error
240 \@x = \%y; # error
241 $y = [];
242 \$x = $y; # error; did you mean \$y?
243 Assigning non-zero to $[ is no longer possible
245 (F) When the "array_base" feature is disabled (e.g., and under "use
246 v5.16;", and as of Perl 5.30) the special variable $[, which is
247 deprecated, is now a fixed zero value.
248 Assignment to both a list and a scalar
250 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd
251 arguments must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise
252 Perl won't know which context to supply to the right side.
253 Assuming NOT a POSIX class since %s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
255 m/%s/
256 (W regexp) You had something like these:
257 [[:alnum]]
259 [[:digit:xyz]
260 They look like they might have been meant to be the POSIX classes
262 "[:alnum:]" or "[:digit:]". If so, they should be written:
263 [[:alnum:]]
265 [[:digit:]xyz]
266 Since these aren't legal POSIX class specifications, but are legal
268 bracketed character classes, Perl treats them as the latter. In
269 the first example, it matches the characters ":", "[", "a", "l",
270 "m", "n", and "u".
271 If these weren't meant to be POSIX classes, this warning message is
273 spurious, and can be suppressed by reordering things, such as
274 [[al:num]]
276 or
278 [[:munla]]
280 <> at require-statement should be quotes
282 (F) You wrote "require <file>" when you should have written
283 "require 'file'".
284 Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
286 (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not
287 in the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
288 Attempt to bless into a freed package
290 (F) You wrote "bless $foo" with one argument after somehow causing
291 the current package to be freed. Perl cannot figure out what to
292 do, so it throws up its hands in despair.
293 Attempt to bless into a reference
295 (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to
296 be the name of the package to bless the resulting object into.
297 You've supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote
298 bless $self, $proto;
300 when you intended
302 bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto;
304 If you actually want to bless into the stringified version of the
306 reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for example
307 by:
308 bless $self, "$proto";
310 Attempt to clear deleted array
312 (S debugging) An array was assigned to when it was being freed.
313 Freed values are not supposed to be visible to Perl code. This can
314 also happen if XS code calls "av_clear" from a custom magic
315 callback on the array.
316 Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
318 (F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a
319 key which is not in its key set.
320 Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
322 (F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
323 declared readonly from a restricted hash.
324 Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%x
326 (S internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from
327 arenas that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was
328 discovered to be outside any of those arenas.
329 Attempt to free nonexistent shared string '%s'%s
331 (S internal) Perl maintains a reference-counted internal table of
332 strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other
333 strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference
334 count of a string that can no longer be found in the table.
335 Attempt to free temp prematurely: SV 0x%x
337 (S debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
338 free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing
339 the SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means
340 that the free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar
341 when it does try to free it.
342 Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
344 (S internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
345 Attempt to free unreferenced scalar: SV 0x%x
347 (S internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar
348 to see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone
349 to 0 earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was
350 freed. This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many
351 times, or that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the
352 SV was mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has
353 been corrupted.
354 Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
356 (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
357 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template.
358 This means the result contains a pointer to a location that could
359 become invalid anytime, even before the end of the current
360 statement. Use literals or global values as arguments to the "p"
361 pack() template to avoid this warning.
362 Attempt to reload %s aborted.
364 (F) You tried to load a file with "use" or "require" that failed to
365 compile once already. Perl will not try to compile this file again
366 unless you delete its entry from %INC. See "require" in perlfunc
367 and "%INC" in perlvar.
368 Attempt to set length of freed array
370 (W misc) You tried to set the length of an array which has been
371 freed. You can do this by storing a reference to the scalar
372 representing the last index of an array and later assigning through
373 that reference. For example
374 $r = do {my @a; \$#a};
376 $$r = 503
377 Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
379 (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to
380 substr() used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you
381 forgot to dereference it first. See "substr" in perlfunc.
382 Attribute prototype(%s) discards earlier prototype attribute in same
384 sub
385 (W misc) A sub was declared as sub foo : prototype(A) :
386 prototype(B) {}, for example. Since each sub can only have one
387 prototype, the earlier declaration(s) are discarded while the last
388 one is applied.
389 av_reify called on tied array
391 (S debugging) This indicates that something went wrong and Perl got
392 very confused about @_ or @DB::args being tied.
393 Bad arg length for %s, is %u, should be %d
395 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(),
396 semctl() or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are,
397 respectively, sizeof(struct msqid_ds *), sizeof(struct semid_ds *),
398 and sizeof(struct shmid_ds *).
399 Bad evalled substitution pattern
401 (F) You've used the "/e" switch to evaluate the replacement for a
402 substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to
403 evaluate, most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
404 Bad filehandle: %s
406 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the
407 symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do
408 an open(), or did it in another package.
409 Bad free() ignored
411 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
412 never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be
413 disabled by setting environment variable "PERL_BADFREE" to 0.
414 This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with
416 "hard" dynamic linking, like "AIX" and "OS/2". It is a bug of
417 "Berkeley DB" which is left unnoticed if "DB" uses forgiving system
418 malloc().
419 Badly placed ()'s
421 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
422 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
423 yourself.
424 Bad name after %s
426 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and
427 then didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't
428 interpolate outside of quotes, so
429 $var = 'myvar';
431 $sym = mypack::$var;
432 is not the same as
434 $var = 'myvar';
436 $sym = "mypack::$var";
437 Bad plugin affecting keyword '%s'
439 (F) An extension using the keyword plugin mechanism violated the
440 plugin API.
441 Bad realloc() ignored
443 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that
444 had never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can
445 be disabled by setting the environment variable "PERL_BADFREE" to
446 1.
447 Bad symbol for array
449 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something
450 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
451 Bad symbol for dirhandle
453 (P) An internal request asked to add a dirhandle entry to something
454 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
455 Bad symbol for filehandle
457 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to
458 something that wasn't a symbol table entry.
459 Bad symbol for hash
461 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
462 wasn't a symbol table entry.
463 Bad symbol for scalar
465 (P) An internal request asked to add a scalar entry to something
466 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
467 Bareword found in conditional
469 (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
470 conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as
471 part of the last argument of the previous construct, for example:
472 open FOO || die;
474 It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been
476 interpreted as a bareword:
477 use constant TYPO => 1;
479 if (TYOP) { print "foo" }
480 The "strict" pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.
482 Bareword in require contains "%s"
484 Bareword in require maps to disallowed filename "%s"
485 Bareword in require maps to empty filename
486 (F) The bareword form of require has been invoked with a filename
487 which could not have been generated by a valid bareword permitted
488 by the parser. You shouldn't be able to get this error from Perl
489 code, but XS code may throw it if it passes an invalid module name
490 to "Perl_load_module".
491 Bareword in require must not start with a double-colon: "%s"
493 (F) In "require Bare::Word", the bareword is not allowed to start
494 with a double-colon. Write "require ::Foo::Bar" as "require
495 Foo::Bar" instead.
496 Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
498 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
499 subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>"
500 symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
501 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
503 (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form "Foo::", but
504 the compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point.
505 Perhaps you need to predeclare a package?
506 Bareword filehandle "%s" not allowed under 'no feature
508 "bareword_filehandles"'
509 (F) You attempted to use a bareword filehandle with the
510 "bareword_filehandles" feature disabled.
511 Only the built-in handles "STDIN", "STDOUT", "STDERR", "ARGV",
513 "ARGVOUT" and "DATA" can be used with the "bareword_filehandles"
514 feature disabled.
515 BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
517 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN
518 subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is
519 exited.
520 BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
522 (F) Perl found a "BEGIN {}" subroutine (or a "use" directive, which
523 implies a "BEGIN {}") after one or more compilation errors had
524 already occurred. Since the intended environment for the "BEGIN
525 {}" could not be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since
526 subsequent code likely depends on its correct operation, Perl just
527 gave up.
528 \%d better written as $%d
530 (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as
531 variables. The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-
532 hand side of a substitution, but stylistically it's better to use
533 the variable form because other Perl programmers will expect it,
534 and it works better if there are more than 9 backreferences.
535 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable
537 (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
538 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
539 perlport for more on portability concerns.
540 bind() on closed socket %s
542 (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you
543 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See "bind"
544 in perlfunc.
545 binmode() on closed filehandle %s
547 (W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never
548 opened. Check your control flow and number of arguments.
549 Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
551 (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
552 Bizarre copy of %s
554 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
555 copiable.
556 Bizarre SvTYPE [%d]
558 (P) When starting a new thread or returning values from a thread,
559 Perl encountered an invalid data type.
560 Both or neither range ends should be Unicode in regex; marked by
562 <-- HERE in m/%s/
563 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
564 In a bracketed character class in a regular expression pattern, you
566 had a range which has exactly one end of it specified using "\N{}",
567 and the other end is specified using a non-portable mechanism.
568 Perl treats the range as a Unicode range, that is, all the
569 characters in it are considered to be the Unicode characters, and
570 which may be different code points on some platforms Perl runs on.
571 For example, "[\N{U+06}-\x08]" is treated as if you had instead
572 said "[\N{U+06}-\N{U+08}]", that is it matches the characters whose
573 code points in Unicode are 6, 7, and 8. But that "\x08" might
574 indicate that you meant something different, so the warning gets
575 raised.
576 Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
578 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing
579 to iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol
580 definition which was too long, so it was truncated to the string
581 shown.
582 Built-in function '%s' is experimental
584 (S experimental::builtin) A call is being made to a function in the
585 "builtin::" namespace, which is currently experimental. The
586 existence or nature of the function may be subject to change in a
587 future version of Perl.
588 builtin::import can only be called at compile time
590 (F) The "import" method of the "builtin" package was invoked when
591 no code is currently being compiled. Since this method is used to
592 introduce new lexical subroutines into the scope currently being
593 compiled, this is not going to have any effect.
594 Callback called exit
596 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv()
597 exited by calling exit.
598 %s() called too early to check prototype
600 (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before
601 the parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could
602 not check that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to
603 either add an early prototype declaration for the subroutine in
604 question, or move the subroutine definition ahead of the call to
605 get proper prototype checking. Alternatively, if you are certain
606 that you're calling the function correctly, you may put an
607 ampersand before the name to avoid the warning. See perlsub.
608 Cannot chr %f
610 (F) You passed an invalid number (like an infinity or not-a-number)
611 to "chr".
612 Cannot complete in-place edit of %s: %s
614 (F) Your perl script appears to have changed directory while
615 performing an in-place edit of a file specified by a relative path,
616 and your system doesn't include the directory relative POSIX
617 functions needed to handle that.
618 Cannot compress %f in pack
620 (F) You tried compressing an infinity or not-a-number as an
621 unsigned integer with BER, which makes no sense.
622 Cannot compress integer in pack
624 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. The
625 BER compressed integer format can only be used with positive
626 integers, and you attempted to compress a very large number (>
627 1e308). See "pack" in perlfunc.
628 Cannot compress negative numbers in pack
630 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed
631 integer format can only be used with positive integers. See "pack"
632 in perlfunc.
633 Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob
635 (F) You manipulated Perl's symbol table directly, stored a
636 reference in it, then tried to access that symbol via conventional
637 Perl syntax. The access triggers Perl to autovivify that typeglob,
638 but it there is no legal conversion from that type of reference to
639 a typeglob.
640 Cannot copy to %s
642 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy a value to an internal type
643 that cannot be directly assigned to.
644 Cannot find encoding "%s"
646 (S io) You tried to apply an encoding that did not exist to a
647 filehandle, either with open() or binmode().
648 Cannot open %s as a dirhandle: it is already open as a filehandle
650 (F) You tried to use opendir() to associate a dirhandle to a symbol
651 (glob or scalar) that already holds a filehandle. Since this idiom
652 might render your code confusing, it was deprecated in Perl 5.10.
653 As of Perl 5.28, it is a fatal error.
654 Cannot open %s as a filehandle: it is already open as a dirhandle
656 (F) You tried to use open() to associate a filehandle to a symbol
657 (glob or scalar) that already holds a dirhandle. Since this idiom
658 might render your code confusing, it was deprecated in Perl 5.10.
659 As of Perl 5.28, it is a fatal error.
660 Cannot pack %f with '%c'
662 (F) You tried converting an infinity or not-a-number to an integer,
663 which makes no sense.
664 Cannot printf %f with '%c'
666 (F) You tried printing an infinity or not-a-number as a character
667 (%c), which makes no sense. Maybe you meant '%s', or just
668 stringifying it?
669 Cannot set tied @DB::args
671 (F) "caller" tried to set @DB::args, but found it tied. Tying
672 @DB::args is not supported. (Before this error was added, it used
673 to crash.)
674 Cannot tie unreifiable array
676 (P) You somehow managed to call "tie" on an array that does not
677 keep a reference count on its arguments and cannot be made to do
678 so. Such arrays are not even supposed to be accessible to Perl
679 code, but are only used internally.
680 Cannot yet reorder sv_vcatpvfn() arguments from va_list
682 (F) Some XS code tried to use "sv_vcatpvfn()" or a related function
683 with a format string that specifies explicit indexes for some of
684 the elements, and using a C-style variable-argument list (a
685 "va_list"). This is not currently supported. XS authors wanting
686 to do this must instead construct a C array of "SV*" scalars
687 containing the arguments.
688 Can only compress unsigned integers in pack
690 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER
691 compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers,
692 and you attempted to compress something else. See "pack" in
693 perlfunc.
694 Can't "%s" out of a "defer" block
696 (F) An attempt was made to jump out of the scope of a "defer" block
697 by using a control-flow statement such as "return", "goto" or a
698 loop control. This is not permitted.
699 Can't "%s" out of a "finally" block
701 (F) Similar to above, but involving a "finally" block at the end of
702 a "try"/"catch" construction rather than a "defer" block.
703 Can't bless non-reference value
705 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl
706 "enforces" encapsulation of objects. See perlobj.
707 Can't "break" in a loop topicalizer
709 (F) You called "break", but you're in a "foreach" block rather than
710 a "given" block. You probably meant to use "next" or "last".
711 Can't "break" outside a given block
713 (F) You called "break", but you're not inside a "given" block.
714 Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
716 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by
717 the object reference or package name contains an undefined value.
718 Something like this will reproduce the error:
719 $BADREF = undef;
721 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
722 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
723 Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
725 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run.
726 It ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply,
727 but you didn't supply an object reference in this case. A
728 reference isn't an object reference until it has been blessed. See
729 perlobj.
730 Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
732 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by
733 the object reference or package name contains an expression that
734 returns a defined value which is neither an object reference nor a
735 package name. Something like this will reproduce the error:
736 $BADREF = 42;
738 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
739 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
740 Can't call mro_isa_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table
742 (P) Perl got confused as to whether a hash was a plain hash or a
743 symbol table hash when trying to update @ISA caches.
744 Can't call mro_method_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table
746 (F) An XS module tried to call "mro_method_changed_in" on a hash
747 that was not attached to the symbol table.
748 Can't chdir to %s
750 (F) You called "perl -x/foo/bar", but /foo/bar is not a directory
751 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
752 Can't coerce %s to %s in %s
754 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
755 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you
756 can't say things like:
757 *foo += 1;
759 You CAN say
761 $foo = *foo;
763 $foo += 1;
764 but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
766 Can't "continue" outside a when block
768 (F) You called "continue", but you're not inside a "when" or
769 "default" block.
770 Can't create pipe mailbox
772 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from
773 exhausted quotas or other plumbing problems.
774 Can't declare %s in "%s"
776 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my",
777 "our" or "state" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as
778 names.
779 Can't "default" outside a topicalizer
781 (F) You have used a "default" block that is neither inside a
782 "foreach" loop nor a "given" block. (Note that this error is
783 issued on exit from the "default" block, so you won't get the error
784 if you use an explicit "continue".)
785 Can't determine class of operator %s, assuming BASEOP
787 (S) This warning indicates something wrong in the internals of
788 perl. Perl was trying to find the class (e.g. LISTOP) of a
789 particular OP, and was unable to do so. This is likely to be due to
790 a bug in the perl internals, or due to a bug in XS code which
791 manipulates perl optrees.
792 Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
794 (S inplace) You tried to use the -i switch on a special file, such
795 as a file in /dev, a FIFO or an uneditable directory. The file was
796 ignored.
797 Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
799 (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated
800 reason.
801 Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique
803 (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than
804 14 characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename
805 during inplace editing with the -i switch. The file was ignored.
806 Can't do %s("%s") on non-UTF-8 locale; resolved to "%s".
808 (W locale) You are 1) running under ""use locale""; 2) the current
809 locale is not a UTF-8 one; 3) you tried to do the designated case-
810 change operation on the specified Unicode character; and 4) the
811 result of this operation would mix Unicode and locale rules, which
812 likely conflict. Mixing of different rule types is forbidden, so
813 the operation was not done; instead the result is the indicated
814 value, which is the best available that uses entirely Unicode
815 rules. That turns out to almost always be the original character,
816 unchanged.
817 It is generally a bad idea to mix non-UTF-8 locales and Unicode,
819 and this issue is one of the reasons why. This warning is raised
820 when Unicode rules would normally cause the result of this
821 operation to contain a character that is in the range specified by
822 the locale, 0..255, and hence is subject to the locale's rules, not
823 Unicode's.
824 If you are using locale purely for its characteristics related to
826 things like its numeric and time formatting (and not "LC_CTYPE"),
827 consider using a restricted form of the locale pragma (see "The
828 "use locale" pragma" in perllocale) like
829 ""use locale ':not_characters'"".
830 Note that failed case-changing operations done as a result of case-
832 insensitive "/i" regular expression matching will show up in this
833 warning as having the "fc" operation (as that is what the regular
834 expression engine calls behind the scenes.)
835 Can't do waitpid with flags
837 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only
838 waitpid() without flags is emulated.
839 Can't emulate -%s on #! line
841 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this
842 point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a -x on the #!
843 line.
844 Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform
846 (F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-
847 endian, or it has a very strange pointer size. Packing and
848 unpacking big- or little-endian floating point values and pointers
849 may not be possible. See "pack" in perlfunc.
850 Can't exec "%s": %s
852 (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute
853 the named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons
854 include: the permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't
855 found in $ENV{PATH}, the executable in question was compiled for
856 another architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an
857 interpreter that can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your
858 system doesn't support #! at all.)
859 Can't exec %s
861 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you
862 because that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you
863 wanted, you may need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
864 Can't execute %s
866 (F) You used the -S switch, but the copies of the script to execute
867 found in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
868 Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
870 (F) A string of a form "CORE::word" was given to prototype(), but
871 there is no builtin with the name "word".
872 Can't find label %s
874 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that
875 it's possible for us to go to. See "goto" in perlfunc.
876 Can't find %s on PATH
878 (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be
879 found in the PATH.
880 Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
882 (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be
883 found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions.
884 The script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits
885 running it.
886 Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
888 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message
889 means that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed
890 quotes count nesting levels, the following is missing its final
891 parenthesis:
892 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
894 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have
896 included unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag or
897 there may not be a linebreak after it. A good programmer's editor
898 will have a way to help you find these characters (or lack of
899 characters). See perlop for the full details on here-documents.
900 Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"
902 Can't find Unicode property definition "%s" in regex; marked by <--
903 HERE in m/%s/
904 (F) The named property which you specified via "\p" or "\P" is not
905 one known to Perl. Perhaps you misspelled the name? See
906 "Properties accessible through \p{} and \P{}" in perluniprops for a
907 complete list of available official properties. If it is a user-
908 defined property it must have been defined by the time the regular
909 expression is matched.
910 If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the "\p",
912 either by "\\p" (just the "\p") or by "\Q\p" (the rest of the
913 string, or until "\E").
914 Can't fork: %s
916 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
917 pipeline.
918 Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds
920 (W pipe) A fork in a piped open failed with EAGAIN and will be
921 retried after five seconds.
922 Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
924 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the
925 difference between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model
926 Perl assumes. Under VMS, access checks are done by filename,
927 rather than by bits in the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other
928 protections can be taken into account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes
929 that the stat buffer contains all the necessary information, and
930 passes it, instead of the filespec, to the access-checking routine.
931 It will try to retrieve the filespec using the device name and FID
932 present in the stat buffer, but this works only if you haven't made
933 a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine, because the device
934 name is overwritten with each call. If this warning appears, the
935 name lookup failed, and the access-checking routine gave up and
936 returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access-
937 checking routine knows about the Perl "stat" operator and file
938 tests, so you shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl
939 command; it arises only if some internal code takes stat buffers
940 lightly.)
941 Can't get pipe mailbox device name
943 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a
944 pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.
945 Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
947 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want
948 your mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
949 Can't "goto" into a binary or list expression
951 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
952 binary or list expression. You can't get there from here. The
953 reason for this restriction is that the interpreter would get
954 confused as to how many arguments there are, resulting in stack
955 corruption or crashes. This error occurs in cases such as these:
956 goto F;
958 print do { F: }; # Can't jump into the arguments to print
959 goto G;
961 $x + do { G: $y }; # How is + supposed to get its first operand?
962 Can't "goto" into a "defer" block
964 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the scope of a
965 "defer" block. This is not permitted.
966 Can't "goto" into a "given" block
968 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
969 "given" block. You can't get there from here. See "goto" in
970 perlfunc.
971 Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
973 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
974 foreach loop. You can't get there from here. See "goto" in
975 perlfunc.
976 Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block
978 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look
979 like a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually
980 occurs if you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine,
981 which is a no-no. See "goto" in perlfunc.
982 Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s
984 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval
985 "string" or block.
986 Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback)
988 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of the
989 comparison sub for a sort(), or from a similar callback (such as
990 the reduce() function in List::Util).
991 Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
993 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one
994 subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole
995 cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD
996 routine anyway. See "goto" in perlfunc.
997 Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default
999 (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD
1000 signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this
1001 signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of
1002 child processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value.
1003 This situation typically indicates that the parent program under
1004 which Perl may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless.
1005 Can't kill a non-numeric process ID
1007 (F) Process identifiers must be (signed) integers. It is a fatal
1008 error to attempt to kill() an undefined, empty-string or otherwise
1009 non-numeric process identifier.
1010 Can't "last" outside a loop block
1012 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current
1013 block, except that there's this itty bitty problem called there
1014 isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
1015 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(),
1016 map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the
1017 same effect though, because the inner curlies will be considered a
1018 block that loops once. See "last" in perlfunc.
1019 Can't linearize anonymous symbol table
1021 (F) Perl tried to calculate the method resolution order (MRO) of a
1022 package, but failed because the package stash has no name.
1023 Can't load '%s' for module %s
1025 (F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic
1026 extension. This may either mean that you upgraded your version of
1027 perl to one that is incompatible with your old dynamic extensions
1028 (which is known to happen between major versions of perl), or (more
1029 likely) that your dynamic extension was built against an older
1030 version of the library that is installed on your system. You may
1031 need to rebuild your old dynamic extensions.
1032 Can't localize lexical variable %s
1034 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared
1035 as a lexical variable using "my" or "state". This is not allowed.
1036 If you want to localize a package variable of the same name,
1037 qualify it with the package name.
1038 Can't localize through a reference
1040 (F) You said something like "local $$ref", which Perl can't
1041 currently handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of
1042 whatever $ref pointed to after the scope of the local() is
1043 finished, it can't be sure that $ref will still be a reference.
1044 Can't locate %s
1046 (F) You said to "do" (or "require", or "use") a file that couldn't
1047 be found. Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned
1048 in @INC, unless the file name included the full path to the file.
1049 Perhaps you need to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment
1050 variable to say where the extra library is, or maybe the script
1051 needs to add the library name to @INC. Or maybe you just
1052 misspelled the name of the file. See "require" in perlfunc and
1053 lib.
1054 Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
1056 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows
1057 autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable
1058 causes are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to
1059 "AutoSplit" the file, say, by doing "make install".
1060 Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC
1062 (F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library,
1063 like for example, foo.so or bar.dll, but the DynaLoader module was
1064 unable to locate this library. See DynaLoader.
1065 Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
1067 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a
1068 package functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define
1069 that particular method, nor does any of its base classes. See
1070 perlobj.
1071 Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s" (perhaps you forgot to
1073 load "%s"?)
1074 (F) You called a method on a class that did not exist, and the
1075 method could not be found in UNIVERSAL. This often means that a
1076 method requires a package that has not been loaded.
1077 Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
1079 (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package
1080 that doesn't seem to exist.
1081 Can't locate PerlIO%s
1083 (F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
1084 e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
1085 Can't make list assignment to %ENV on this system
1087 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems,
1088 notably VMS.
1089 Can't make loaded symbols global on this platform while loading %s
1091 (S) A module passed the flag 0x01 to DynaLoader::dl_load_file() to
1092 request that symbols from the stated file are made available
1093 globally within the process, but that functionality is not
1094 available on this platform. Whilst the module likely will still
1095 work, this may prevent the perl interpreter from loading other XS-
1096 based extensions which need to link directly to functions defined
1097 in the C or XS code in the stated file.
1098 Can't modify %s in %s
1100 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or
1101 otherwise try to change it, such as with an auto-increment.
1102 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call of &%s
1104 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call of &%s in %s
1105 (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be
1106 declared as such. See "Lvalue subroutines" in perlsub.
1107 Can't modify reference to %s in %s assignment
1109 (F) Only a limited number of constructs can be used as the argument
1110 to a reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment,
1111 and what you used was not one of them. See "Assigning to
1112 References" in perlref.
1113 Can't modify reference to localized parenthesized array in list
1115 assignment
1116 (F) Assigning to "\local(@array)" or "\(local @array)" is not
1117 supported, as it is not clear exactly what it should do. If you
1118 meant to make @array refer to some other array, use "\@array =
1119 \@other_array". If you want to make the elements of @array aliases
1120 of the scalars referenced on the right-hand side, use "\(@array) =
1121 @scalar_refs".
1122 Can't modify reference to parenthesized hash in list assignment
1124 (F) Assigning to "\(%hash)" is not supported. If you meant to make
1125 %hash refer to some other hash, use "\%hash = \%other_hash". If
1126 you want to make the elements of %hash into aliases of the scalars
1127 referenced on the right-hand side, use a hash slice: "\@hash{@keys}
1128 = @those_scalar_refs".
1129 Can't msgrcv to read-only var
1131 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a
1132 receive buffer.
1133 Can't "next" outside a loop block
1135 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block,
1136 but there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block
1137 doesn't count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to
1138 sort(), map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get
1139 the same effect though, because the inner curlies will be
1140 considered a block that loops once. See "next" in perlfunc.
1141 Can't open %s: %s
1143 (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the "<>"
1144 filehandle, either implicitly under the "-n" or "-p" command-line
1145 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually
1146 this is because you don't have read permission for a file which you
1147 named on the command line.
1148 (F) You tried to call perl with the -e switch, but /dev/null (or
1150 your operating system's equivalent) could not be opened.
1151 Can't open a reference
1153 (W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing,
1154 using the 3-arg open() syntax:
1155 open FH, '>', $ref;
1157 but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form
1159 of open is not supported.
1160 Can't open bidirectional pipe
1162 (W pipe) You tried to say "open(CMD, "|cmd|")", which is not
1163 supported. You can try any of several modules in the Perl library
1164 to do this, such as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's
1165 output to a file using ">", and then read it in under a different
1166 file handle.
1167 Can't open error file %s as stderr
1169 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1170 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or
1171 '2>>' on the command line for writing.
1172 Can't open input file %s as stdin
1174 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1175 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the
1176 command line for reading.
1177 Can't open output file %s as stdout
1179 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1180 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>'
1181 on the command line for writing.
1182 Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
1184 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1185 redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data
1186 destined for stdout.
1187 Can't open perl script "%s": %s
1189 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated
1190 reason.
1191 If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on
1193 the shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that
1194 search, so you don't have to type the path or "`which
1195 $scriptname`".
1196 Can't read CRTL environ
1198 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of
1199 %ENV from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the
1200 array was missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL
1201 misplaced its environ or define PERL_ENV_TABLES (see perlvms) so
1202 that environ is not searched.
1203 Can't redeclare "%s" in "%s"
1205 (F) A "my", "our" or "state" declaration was found within another
1206 declaration, such as "my ($x, my($y), $z)" or "our (my $x)".
1207 Can't "redo" outside a loop block
1209 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block,
1210 but there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block
1211 doesn't count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to
1212 sort(), map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get
1213 the same effect though, because the inner curlies will be
1214 considered a block that loops once. See "redo" in perlfunc.
1215 Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file
1217 (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup
1218 file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it
1219 with the modified file. The file was left unmodified.
1220 Can't rename in-place work file '%s' to '%s': %s
1222 (F) When closed implicitly, the temporary file for in-place editing
1223 couldn't be renamed to the original filename.
1224 Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
1226 (F) The rename done by the -i switch failed for some reason,
1227 probably because you don't have write permission to the directory.
1228 Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
1230 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and
1231 tried to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
1232 Can't represent character for Ox%X on this platform
1234 (F) There is a hard limit to how big a character code point can be
1235 due to the fundamental properties of UTF-8, especially on EBCDIC
1236 platforms. The given code point exceeds that. The only work-
1237 around is to not use such a large code point.
1238 Can't reset %ENV on this system
1240 (F) You called "reset('E')" or similar, which tried to reset all
1241 variables in the current package beginning with "E". In the main
1242 package, that includes %ENV. Resetting %ENV is not supported on
1243 some systems, notably VMS.
1244 Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
1246 (F)(P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as
1247 opposed to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the
1248 package. If the method name is "???", this is an internal error.
1249 Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
1251 (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as
1252 temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue.
1253 This is not allowed.
1254 Can't return outside a subroutine
1256 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is,
1257 where there was no subroutine call to return out of. See perlsub.
1258 Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context
1260 (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue
1261 subroutine, but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl
1262 think you meant to return only one value. You probably meant to
1263 write parentheses around the call to the subroutine, which tell
1264 Perl that the call should be in list context.
1265 Can't take log of %g
1267 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
1268 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that
1269 comes standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for
1270 the negative numbers.
1271 Can't take sqrt of %g
1273 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
1274 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
1275 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
1276 Can't undef active subroutine
1278 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You
1279 can, however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even
1280 undef the redefined subroutine while the old routine is running.
1281 Go figure.
1282 Can't unweaken a nonreference
1284 (F) You attempted to unweaken something that was not a reference.
1285 Only references can be unweakened.
1286 Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d
1288 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making
1289 it into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types
1290 are so specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted.
1291 This message indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
1292 Can't use '%c' after -mname
1294 (F) You tried to call perl with the -m switch, but you put
1295 something other than "=" after the module name.
1296 Can't use a hash as a reference
1298 (F) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in "%foo->{"bar"}"
1299 or "%$ref->{"hello"}". Versions of perl <= 5.22.0 used to allow
1300 this syntax, but shouldn't have. This was deprecated in perl
1301 5.6.1.
1302 Can't use an array as a reference
1304 (F) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in "@foo->[23]" or
1305 "@$ref->[99]". Versions of perl <= 5.22.0 used to allow this
1306 syntax, but shouldn't have. This was deprecated in perl 5.6.1.
1307 Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
1309 (F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a
1310 symbol table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become
1311 anonymous for example by undefining stashes: "undef
1312 %Some::Package::".
1313 Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
1315 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference
1316 must be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious
1317 errors.
1318 Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1320 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1321 references are disallowed. See perlref.
1322 Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available
1324 (F) The first time the "%!" hash is used, perl automatically loads
1325 the Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %!
1326 hash to provide symbolic names for $! errno values.
1327 Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s
1329 (F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-
1330 endian byte-order at the same time, so this combination of
1331 modifiers is not allowed. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1332 Can't use 'defined(@array)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)
1334 (F) defined() is not useful on arrays because it checks for an
1335 undefined scalar value. If you want to see if the array is empty,
1336 just use "if (@array) { # not empty }" for example.
1337 Can't use 'defined(%hash)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)
1339 (F) "defined()" is not usually right on hashes.
1340 Although "defined %hash" is false on a plain not-yet-used hash, it
1342 becomes true in several non-obvious circumstances, including
1343 iterators, weak references, stash names, even remaining true after
1344 "undef %hash". These things make "defined %hash" fairly useless in
1345 practice, so it now generates a fatal error.
1346 If a check for non-empty is what you wanted then just put it in
1348 boolean context (see "Scalar values" in perldata):
1349 if (%hash) {
1351 # not empty
1352 }
1353 If you had "defined %Foo::Bar::QUUX" to check whether such a
1355 package variable exists then that's never really been reliable, and
1356 isn't a good way to enquire about the features of a package, or
1357 whether it's loaded, etc.
1358 Can't use %s for loop variable
1360 (P) The parser got confused when trying to parse a "foreach" loop.
1361 Can't use global %s in %s
1363 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable.
1364 This is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one
1365 location (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly
1366 confusing to have variables in your program that looked like
1367 magical variables but weren't.
1368 Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s
1370 (F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type that is
1371 already inside a group with a byte-order modifier. For example you
1372 cannot force little-endianness on a type that is inside a big-
1373 endian group.
1374 Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
1376 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort
1377 comparisons. You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or
1378 cmp operator, and the variable had earlier been declared as a
1379 lexical variable. Either qualify the sort variable with the
1380 package name, or rename the lexical variable.
1381 Can't use %s ref as %s ref
1383 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference
1384 a reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
1385 test the type of the reference, if need be.
1386 Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1388 Can't use string ("%s"...) as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1389 (F) You've told Perl to dereference a string, something which "use
1390 strict" blocks to prevent it happening accidentally. See "Symbolic
1391 references" in perlref. This can be triggered by an "@" or "$" in
1392 a double-quoted string immediately before interpolating a variable,
1393 for example in "user @$twitter_id", which says to treat the
1394 contents of $twitter_id as an array reference; use a "\" to have a
1395 literal "@" symbol followed by the contents of $twitter_id: "user
1396 \@$twitter_id".
1397 Can't use subscript on %s
1399 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
1400 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
1401 didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else
1402 subscriptable.
1403 Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
1405 (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator
1406 that creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to
1407 indicate a backreference to a matched substring is valid only as
1408 part of a regular expression pattern. Trying to do this in
1409 ordinary Perl code produces a value that prints out looking like
1410 SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form instead.
1411 Can't weaken a nonreference
1413 (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference.
1414 Only references can be weakened.
1415 Can't "when" outside a topicalizer
1417 (F) You have used a when() block that is neither inside a "foreach"
1418 loop nor a "given" block. (Note that this error is issued on exit
1419 from the "when" block, so you won't get the error if the match
1420 fails, or if you use an explicit "continue".)
1421 Can't x= to read-only value
1423 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined
1424 value) with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the
1425 value itself. Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary,
1426 and repeat that.
1427 Character following "\c" must be printable ASCII
1429 (F) In "\cX", X must be a printable (non-control) ASCII character.
1430 Note that ASCII characters that don't map to control characters are
1432 discouraged, and will generate the warning (when enabled) ""\c%c"
1433 is more clearly written simply as "%s"".
1434 Character following \%c must be '{' or a single-character Unicode
1436 property name in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1437 (F) (In the above the %c is replaced by either "p" or "P".) You
1438 specified something that isn't a legal Unicode property name. Most
1439 Unicode properties are specified by "\p{...}". But if the name is
1440 a single character one, the braces may be omitted.
1441 Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack
1443 (W pack) You said
1444 pack("C", $x)
1446 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the "C" format is
1448 only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII,
1449 EBCDIC, and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved
1450 as if you meant
1451 pack("C", $x & 255)
1453 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the "U" format
1455 instead.
1456 Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack
1458 (W pack) You said
1459 pack("c", $x)
1461 where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the "c" format
1463 is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII,
1464 EBCDIC, and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved
1465 as if you meant
1466 pack("c", $x & 255);
1468 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the "U" format
1470 instead.
1471 Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1473 (W unpack) You tried something like
1474 unpack("H", "\x{2a1}")
1476 where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a
1478 value below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl
1479 uses the value modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1480 unpack("H", "\x{a1}")
1482 Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack
1484 (W pack) You said
1485 pack("U0W", $x)
1487 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255. However,
1489 "U0"-mode expects all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so
1490 Perl behaved as if you meant:
1491 pack("U0W", $x & 255)
1493 Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack
1495 (W pack) You tried something like
1496 pack("u", "\x{1f3}b")
1498 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character
1500 with a value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher
1501 value. Perl uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if
1502 you had provided:
1503 pack("u", "\x{f3}b")
1505 Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1507 (W unpack) You tried something like
1508 unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b")
1510 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character
1512 with a value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher
1513 value. Perl uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if
1514 you had provided:
1515 unpack("s", "\x{f3}b")
1517 charnames alias definitions may not contain a sequence of multiple
1519 spaces; marked by <-- HERE in %s
1520 (F) You defined a character name which had multiple space
1521 characters in a row. Change them to single spaces. Usually these
1522 names are defined in the ":alias" import argument to "use
1523 charnames", but they could be defined by a translator installed
1524 into $^H{charnames}. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in charnames.
1525 chdir() on unopened filehandle %s
1527 (W unopened) You tried chdir() on a filehandle that was never
1528 opened.
1529 "\c%c" is more clearly written simply as "%s"
1531 (W syntax) The "\cX" construct is intended to be a way to specify
1532 non-printable characters. You used it for a printable one, which
1533 is better written as simply itself, perhaps preceded by a backslash
1534 for non-word characters. Doing it the way you did is not portable
1535 between ASCII and EBCDIC platforms.
1536 Cloning substitution context is unimplemented
1538 (F) Creating a new thread inside the "s///" operator is not
1539 supported.
1540 closedir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
1542 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to close is either closed or not
1543 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
1544 close() on unopened filehandle %s
1546 (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
1547 Closure prototype called
1549 (F) If a closure has attributes, the subroutine passed to an
1550 attribute handler is the prototype that is cloned when a new
1551 closure is created. This subroutine cannot be called.
1552 \C no longer supported in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1554 (F) The \C character class used to allow a match of single byte
1555 within a multi-byte utf-8 character, but was removed in v5.24 as it
1556 broke encapsulation and its implementation was extremely buggy. If
1557 you really need to process the individual bytes, you probably want
1558 to convert your string to one where each underlying byte is stored
1559 as a character, with utf8::encode().
1560 Code missing after '/'
1562 (F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be
1563 another template code following the slash. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1564 Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, and not portable
1566 (S non_unicode portable) You had a code point that has never been
1567 in any standard, so it is likely that languages other than Perl
1568 will NOT understand it. This code point also will not fit in a
1569 32-bit word on ASCII platforms and therefore is non-portable
1570 between systems.
1571 At one time, it was legal in some standards to have code points up
1573 to 0x7FFF_FFFF, but not higher, and this code point is higher.
1574 Acceptance of these code points is a Perl extension, and you should
1576 expect that nothing other than Perl can handle them; Perl itself on
1577 EBCDIC platforms before v5.24 does not handle them.
1578 Perl also makes no guarantees that the representation of these code
1580 points won't change at some point in the future, say when machines
1581 become available that have larger than a 64-bit word. At that
1582 time, files containing any of these, written by an older Perl might
1583 require conversion before being readable by a newer Perl.
1584 Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, may not be portable
1586 (S non_unicode) You had a code point above the Unicode maximum of
1587 U+10FFFF.
1588 Perl allows strings to contain a superset of Unicode code points,
1590 but these may not be accepted by other languages/systems. Further,
1591 even if these languages/systems accept these large code points,
1592 they may have chosen a different representation for them than the
1593 UTF-8-like one that Perl has, which would mean files are not
1594 exchangeable between them and Perl.
1595 On EBCDIC platforms, code points above 0x3FFF_FFFF have a different
1597 representation in Perl v5.24 than before, so any file containing
1598 these that was written before that version will require conversion
1599 before being readable by a later Perl.
1600 %s: Command not found
1602 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh or another
1603 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1604 script into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file
1605 could look like
1606 #!/usr/bin/perl
1608 %s: command not found
1610 (A) You've accidentally run your script through bash or another
1611 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1612 script into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file
1613 could look like
1614 #!/usr/bin/perl
1616 %s: command not found: %s
1618 (A) You've accidentally run your script through zsh or another
1619 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1620 script into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file
1621 could look like
1622 #!/usr/bin/perl
1624 Compilation failed in require
1626 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a "require"
1627 statement. Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors
1628 that it encountered were severe enough to halt compilation
1629 immediately.
1630 Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
1632 (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex
1633 situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is
1634 limited to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack
1635 cannot grow arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are
1636 handled without recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try
1637 shortening the string under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g.
1638 with "while") rather than in the regular expression engine; or
1639 rewriting the regular expression so that it is simpler or
1640 backtracks less. (See perlfaq2 for information on Mastering
1641 Regular Expressions.)
1642 connect() on closed socket %s
1644 (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you
1645 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1646 "connect" in perlfunc.
1647 Constant(%s): Call to &{$^H{%s}} did not return a defined value
1649 (F) The subroutine registered to handle constant overloading (see
1650 overload) or a custom charnames handler (see "CUSTOM TRANSLATORS"
1651 in charnames) returned an undefined value.
1652 Constant(%s): $^H{%s} is not defined
1654 (F) The parser found inconsistencies while attempting to define an
1655 overloaded constant. Perhaps you forgot to load the corresponding
1656 overload pragma?
1657 Constant is not %s reference
1659 (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the "use constant"
1660 pragma) is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of
1661 reference. The message indicates the type of reference that was
1662 expected. This usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing
1663 the constant value. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub and
1664 constant.
1665 Constants from lexical variables potentially modified elsewhere are no
1667 longer permitted
1668 (F) You wrote something like
1669 my $var;
1671 $sub = sub () { $var };
1672 but $var is referenced elsewhere and could be modified after the
1674 "sub" expression is evaluated. Either it is explicitly modified
1675 elsewhere ("$var = 3") or it is passed to a subroutine or to an
1676 operator like "printf" or "map", which may or may not modify the
1677 variable.
1678 Traditionally, Perl has captured the value of the variable at that
1680 point and turned the subroutine into a constant eligible for
1681 inlining. In those cases where the variable can be modified
1682 elsewhere, this breaks the behavior of closures, in which the
1683 subroutine captures the variable itself, rather than its value, so
1684 future changes to the variable are reflected in the subroutine's
1685 return value.
1686 This usage was deprecated, and as of Perl 5.32 is no longer
1688 allowed, making it possible to change the behavior in the future.
1689 If you intended for the subroutine to be eligible for inlining,
1691 then make sure the variable is not referenced elsewhere, possibly
1692 by copying it:
1693 my $var2 = $var;
1695 $sub = sub () { $var2 };
1696 If you do want this subroutine to be a closure that reflects future
1698 changes to the variable that it closes over, add an explicit
1699 "return":
1700 my $var;
1702 $sub = sub () { return $var };
1703 Constant subroutine %s redefined
1705 (W redefine)(S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously
1706 been eligible for inlining. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub
1707 for commentary and workarounds.
1708 Constant subroutine %s undefined
1710 (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been
1711 eligible for inlining. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub for
1712 commentary and workarounds.
1713 Constant(%s) unknown
1715 (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to
1716 define an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character
1717 name specified in the "\N{...}" escape. Perhaps you forgot to load
1718 the corresponding overload pragma?
1719 :const is experimental
1721 (S experimental::const_attr) The "const" attribute is experimental.
1722 If you want to use the feature, disable the warning with "no
1723 warnings 'experimental::const_attr'", but know that in doing so you
1724 are taking the risk that your code may break in a future Perl
1725 version.
1726 :const is not permitted on named subroutines
1728 (F) The "const" attribute causes an anonymous subroutine to be run
1729 and its value captured at the time that it is cloned. Named
1730 subroutines are not cloned like this, so the attribute does not
1731 make sense on them.
1732 Copy method did not return a reference
1734 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See "Copy
1735 Constructor" in overload.
1736 &CORE::%s cannot be called directly
1738 (F) You tried to call a subroutine in the "CORE::" namespace with
1739 &foo syntax or through a reference. Some subroutines in this
1740 package cannot yet be called that way, but must be called as
1741 barewords. Something like this will work:
1742 BEGIN { *shove = \&CORE::push; }
1744 shove @array, 1,2,3; # pushes on to @array
1745 CORE::%s is not a keyword
1747 (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
1748 Corrupted regexp opcode %d > %d
1750 (P) This is either an error in Perl, or, if you're using one, your
1751 custom regular expression engine. If not the latter, report the
1752 problem to <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues>.
1753 corrupted regexp pointers
1755 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
1756 expression compiler gave it.
1757 corrupted regexp program
1759 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program
1760 without a valid magic number.
1761 Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%x at 0x%x
1763 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal
1764 failure.
1765 Count after length/code in unpack
1767 (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string,
1768 but you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See
1769 "pack" in perlfunc.
1770 Declaring references is experimental
1772 (S experimental::declared_refs) This warning is emitted if you use
1773 a reference constructor on the right-hand side of "my", "state",
1774 "our", or "local". Simply suppress the warning if you want to use
1775 the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking the risk of
1776 using an experimental feature which may change or be removed in a
1777 future Perl version:
1778 no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
1780 use feature "declared_refs";
1781 $fooref = my \$foo;
1782 Deep recursion on anonymous subroutine
1784 Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
1785 (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or
1786 indirectly) 100 times more than it has returned. This probably
1787 indicates an infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange
1788 benchmark programs, in which case it indicates something else.
1789 This threshold can be changed from 100, by recompiling the perl
1791 binary, setting the C pre-processor macro "PERL_SUB_DEPTH_WARN" to
1792 the desired value.
1793 (?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
1795 m/%s/
1796 (F) You used something like "(?(DEFINE)...|..)" which is illegal.
1797 The most likely cause of this error is that you left out a
1798 parenthesis inside of the "...." part.
1799 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
1801 problem was discovered.
1802 %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed
1804 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file
1805 there are neither package declarations nor a $VERSION.
1806 delete argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice
1808 (F) The argument to "delete" must be either a hash or array
1809 element, such as:
1810 $foo{$bar}
1812 $ref->{"susie"}[12]
1813 or a hash or array slice, such as:
1815 @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
1817 $ref->[12]->@{"susie", "queue"}
1818 or a hash key/value or array index/value slice, such as:
1820 %foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
1822 $ref->[12]->%{"susie", "queue"}
1823 Delimiter for here document is too long
1825 (F) In a here document construct like "<<FOO", the label "FOO" is
1826 too long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to
1827 write code that triggers this error.
1828 DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'
1830 (F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which
1831 is just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort
1832 rather than to create a dangling reference.
1833 Did not produce a valid header
1835 See "500 Server error".
1836 %s did not return a true value
1838 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate
1839 that it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code
1840 correctly. It's traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though
1841 any true value would do. See "require" in perlfunc.
1842 (Did you mean &%s instead?)
1844 (W misc) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as
1845 $FOO or some such.
1846 (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?)
1848 (W shadow) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared
1849 global variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical
1850 scope, which seems superfluous.
1851 (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)
1853 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or
1854 @hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and
1855 got carried away.
1856 Died
1858 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of "die """)
1859 or you called it with no args and $@ was empty.
1860 Document contains no data
1862 See "500 Server error".
1863 %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed
1865 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not
1866 define a $VERSION.
1867 '/' does not take a repeat count in %s
1869 (F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/'
1870 code. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1871 do "%s" failed, '.' is no longer in @INC; did you mean do "./%s"?
1873 (D deprecated) Previously " do "somefile"; " would search the
1874 current directory for the specified file. Since perl v5.26.0, .
1875 has been removed from @INC by default, so this is no longer true.
1876 To search the current directory (and only the current directory)
1877 you can write " do "./somefile"; ".
1878 Don't know how to get file name
1880 (P) "PerlIO_getname", a perl internal I/O function specific to VMS,
1881 was somehow called on another platform. This should not happen.
1882 Don't know how to handle magic of type \%o
1884 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1885 Downgrading a use VERSION declaration to below v5.11 is deprecated
1887 (S deprecated) This warning is emitted on a "use VERSION" statement
1888 that requests a version below v5.11 (when the effects of "use
1889 strict" would be disabled), after a previous declaration of one
1890 having a larger number (which would have enabled these effects).
1891 Because of a change to the way that "use VERSION" interacts with
1892 the strictness flags, this is no longer supported.
1893 (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
1895 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
1896 message "%s found where operator expected". It often means a
1897 subroutine or module name is being referenced that hasn't been
1898 declared yet. This may be because of ordering problems in your
1899 file, or because of a missing "sub", "package", "require", or "use"
1900 statement. If you're referencing something that isn't defined yet,
1901 you don't actually have to define the subroutine or package before
1902 the current location. You can use an empty "sub foo;" or "package
1903 FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration.
1904 dump() must be written as CORE::dump() as of Perl 5.30
1906 (F) You used the obsolete "dump()" built-in function. That was
1907 deprecated in Perl 5.8.0. As of Perl 5.30 it must be written in
1908 fully qualified format: "CORE::dump()".
1909 See "dump" in perlfunc.
1911 dump is not supported
1913 (F) Your machine doesn't support dump/undump.
1914 Duplicate free() ignored
1916 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
1917 already been freed.
1918 Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s
1920 (W unpack) You have applied the same modifier more than once after
1921 a type in a pack template. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1922 each on anonymous %s will always start from the beginning
1924 (W syntax) You called each on an anonymous hash or array. Since a
1925 new hash or array is created each time, each() will restart
1926 iterating over your hash or array every time.
1927 elseif should be elsif
1929 (S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry
1930 thinks it's ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to
1931 call a method named "elseif" for the class returned by the
1932 following block. This is unlikely to be what you want.
1933 Empty \%c in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1935 Empty \%c{}
1936 Empty \%c{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1937 (F) You used something like "\b{}", "\B{}", "\o{}", "\p", "\P", or
1938 "\x" without specifying anything for it to operate on.
1939 Unfortunately, for backwards compatibility reasons, an empty "\x"
1941 is legal outside "use re 'strict'" and expands to a NUL character.
1942 Empty (?) without any modifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1944 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'") "(?)" does nothing, so
1945 perhaps this is a typo.
1946 ${^ENCODING} is no longer supported
1948 (F) The special variable "${^ENCODING}", formerly used to implement
1949 the "encoding" pragma, is no longer supported as of Perl 5.26.0.
1950 Setting it to anything other than "undef" is a fatal error as of
1952 Perl 5.28.
1953 entering effective %s failed
1955 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, switching the real and
1956 effective uids or gids failed.
1957 %ENV is aliased to %s
1959 (F) You're running under taint mode, and the %ENV variable has been
1960 aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of
1961 the program's environment. This is potentially insecure.
1962 Error converting file specification %s
1964 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with
1965 file specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them
1966 to a single form when it must operate on them directly. Either
1967 you've passed an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've
1968 found a case the conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
1969 Error %s in expansion of %s
1971 (F) An error was encountered in handling a user-defined property
1972 ("User-Defined Character Properties" in perlunicode). These are
1973 programmer written subroutines, hence subject to errors that may
1974 prevent them from compiling or running. The calls to these subs
1975 are "eval"'d, and if there is a failure, this message is raised,
1976 using the contents of $@ from the failed "eval".
1977 Another possibility is that tainted data was encountered somewhere
1979 in the chain of expanding the property. If so, the message wording
1980 will indicate that this is the problem. See "Insecure user-defined
1981 property %s".
1982 Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1984 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
1985 expression that contains the "(?{ ... })" zero-width assertion,
1986 which is unsafe. See "(?{ code })" in perlre, and perlsec.
1987 Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/
1989 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the "(?{
1990 ... })" zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the
1991 pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security
1992 risk, it is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by
1993 using the "re 'eval'" pragma or by explicitly building the pattern
1994 from an interpolated string at run time and using that in an
1995 eval(). See "(?{ code })" in perlre.
1996 Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/
1998 (F) A regular expression contained the "(?{ ... })" zero-width
1999 assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the "use re
2000 'eval'" pragma is in effect. See "(?{ code })" in perlre.
2001 EVAL without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2003 m/%s/
2004 (F) You used a pattern that nested too many EVAL calls without
2005 consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so that text is
2006 consumed.
2007 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2009 problem was discovered.
2010 Excessively long <> operator
2012 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size
2013 of a Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
2014 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into
2015 a variable and glob that.
2016 exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system
2018 (F) The "exec" function is not implemented on some systems, e.g.
2019 Catamount. See perlport.
2020 %sExecution of %s aborted due to compilation errors.
2022 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
2023 exists argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine
2025 (F) The argument to "exists" must be a hash or array element or a
2026 subroutine with an ampersand, such as:
2027 $foo{$bar}
2029 $ref->{"susie"}[12]
2030 &do_something
2031 exists argument is not a subroutine name
2033 (F) The argument to "exists" for "exists &sub" must be a subroutine
2034 name, and not a subroutine call. "exists &sub()" will generate
2035 this error.
2036 Exiting eval via %s
2038 (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such
2039 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2040 Exiting format via %s
2042 (W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such
2043 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2044 Exiting pseudo-block via %s
2046 (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like
2047 a sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a
2048 goto, or a loop control statement. See "sort" in perlfunc.
2049 Exiting subroutine via %s
2051 (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means,
2052 such as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2053 Exiting substitution via %s
2055 (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means,
2056 such as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
2057 Expecting close bracket in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2059 (F) You wrote something like
2060 (?13
2062 to denote a capturing group of the form "(?PARNO)", but omitted the
2064 ")".
2065 Expecting interpolated extended charclass in regex; marked by <-- HERE
2067 in m/%s/
2068 (F) It looked like you were attempting to interpolate an already-
2069 compiled extended character class, like so:
2070 my $thai_or_lao = qr/(?[ \p{Thai} + \p{Lao} ])/;
2072 ...
2073 qr/(?[ \p{Digit} & $thai_or_lao ])/;
2074 But the marked code isn't syntactically correct to be such an
2076 interpolated class.
2077 Experimental aliasing via reference not enabled
2079 (F) To do aliasing via references, you must first enable the
2080 feature:
2081 no warnings "experimental::refaliasing";
2083 use feature "refaliasing";
2084 \$x = \$y;
2085 Experimental %s on scalar is now forbidden
2087 (F) An experimental feature added in Perl 5.14 allowed "each",
2088 "keys", "push", "pop", "shift", "splice", "unshift", and "values"
2089 to be called with a scalar argument. This experiment is considered
2090 unsuccessful, and has been removed. The "postderef" feature may
2091 meet your needs better.
2092 Experimental subroutine signatures not enabled
2094 (F) To use subroutine signatures, you must first enable them:
2095 use feature "signatures";
2097 sub foo ($left, $right) { ... }
2098 Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
2100 (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string.
2101 This has the effect of blessing the reference into the package
2102 main. This is usually not what you want. Consider providing a
2103 default target package, e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');
2104 %s: Expression syntax
2106 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
2107 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
2108 yourself.
2109 %s failed--call queue aborted
2111 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a UNITCHECK,
2112 CHECK, INIT, or END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the
2113 queue of such routines has been prematurely ended.
2114 Failed to close in-place work file %s: %s
2116 (F) Closing an output file from in-place editing, as with the "-i"
2117 command-line switch, failed.
2118 False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2120 (W regexp)(F) A character class range must start and end at a
2121 literal character, not another character class like "\d" or
2122 "[:alpha:]". The "-" in your false range is interpreted as a
2123 literal "-". In a "(?[...])" construct, this is an error, rather
2124 than a warning. Consider quoting the "-", "\-". The <-- HERE
2125 shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
2126 discovered. See perlre.
2127 Fatal VMS error (status=%d) at %s, line %d
2129 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS
2130 system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide
2131 more details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line
2132 %d" tell you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.
2133 fcntl is not implemented
2135 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is
2136 this, a PDP-11 or something?
2137 FETCHSIZE returned a negative value
2139 (F) A tied array claimed to have a negative number of elements,
2140 which is not possible.
2141 Field too wide in 'u' format in pack
2143 (W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string starts with a length
2144 indicator which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point
2145 in asking for a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as
2146 if you specified "u63" as the format.
2147 Filehandle %s opened only for input
2149 (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you
2150 intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it
2151 with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you
2152 intended only to write the file, use ">" or ">>". See "open" in
2153 perlfunc.
2154 Filehandle %s opened only for output
2156 (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing,
2157 If you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to
2158 open it with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with ">". If you
2159 intended only to read from the file, use "<". See "open" in
2160 perlfunc. Another possibility is that you attempted to open
2161 filedescriptor 0 (also known as STDIN) for output (maybe you closed
2162 STDIN earlier?).
2163 Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input
2165 (W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same
2166 filehandle id as STDOUT or STDERR. This occurred because you
2167 closed STDOUT or STDERR previously.
2168 Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output
2170 (W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same
2171 filehandle id as STDIN. This occurred because you closed STDIN
2172 previously.
2173 Final $ should be \$ or $name
2175 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant
2176 to be a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable
2177 name that happens to be missing. So you have to put either the
2178 backslash or the name.
2179 defer is experimental
2181 (S experimental::defer) The "defer" block modifier is experimental.
2182 If you want to use the feature, disable the warning with "no
2183 warnings 'experimental::defer'", but know that in doing so you are
2184 taking the risk that your code may break in a future Perl version.
2185 flock() on closed filehandle %s
2187 (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself
2188 closed some time before now. Check your control flow. flock()
2189 operates on filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a
2190 dirhandle by the same name?
2191 for my (...) is experimental
2193 (S experimental::for_list) This warning is emitted if you use "for"
2194 to iterate multiple values at a time. This syntax is currently
2195 experimental and its behaviour may change in future releases of
2196 Perl.
2197 Format not terminated
2199 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot.
2200 Perl got to the end of your file without finding such a line.
2201 Format %s redefined
2203 (W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
2204 {
2206 no warnings 'redefine';
2207 eval "format NAME =...";
2208 }
2209 Found = in conditional, should be ==
2211 (W syntax) You said
2212 if ($foo = 123)
2214 when you meant
2216 if ($foo == 123)
2218 (or something like that).
2220 %s found where operator expected
2222 (S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an
2223 operator. If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was
2224 expecting to see an operator, it gives you this warning. Usually
2225 it indicates that an operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a
2226 semicolon.
2227 gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
2229 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
2230 gethostent not implemented
2232 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(),
2233 probably because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return
2234 every hostname on the Internet.
2235 get%sname() on closed socket %s
2237 (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a
2238 closed socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your
2239 socket() call?
2240 getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
2242 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to "sys$getuai" underlying
2243 the "getpwnam" operator returned an invalid UIC.
2244 getsockopt() on closed socket %s
2246 (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket.
2247 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
2248 See "getsockopt" in perlfunc.
2249 given is experimental
2251 (S experimental::smartmatch) "given" depends on smartmatch, which
2252 is experimental, so its behavior may change or even be removed in
2253 any future release of perl. See the explanation under
2254 "Experimental Details on given and when" in perlsyn.
2255 Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name (did you forget to
2257 declare "my %s"?)
2258 (F) You've said "use strict" or "use strict vars", which indicates
2259 that all variables must either be lexically scoped (using "my" or
2260 "state"), declared beforehand using "our", or explicitly qualified
2261 to say which package the global variable is in (using "::").
2262 glob failed (%s)
2264 (S glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for
2265 "glob" and "<*.c>". Usually, this means that you supplied a "glob"
2266 pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a
2267 nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit
2268 resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell)
2269 is broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related
2270 variables in config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer
2271 to it as if it were csh (e.g. "full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'");
2272 otherwise, make them all empty (except that "d_csh" should be
2273 'undef') so that Perl will think csh is missing. In either case,
2274 after editing config.sh, run "./Configure -S" and rebuild Perl.
2275 Glob not terminated
2277 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was
2278 expecting a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle
2279 bracket, and not finding it. Chances are you left some needed
2280 parentheses out earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
2281 than".
2282 gmtime(%f) failed
2284 (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that it could not
2285 handle: too large, too small, or NaN. The returned value is
2286 "undef".
2287 gmtime(%f) too large
2289 (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that was larger than
2290 it can reliably handle and "gmtime" probably returned the wrong
2291 date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special not-a-
2292 number value).
2293 gmtime(%f) too small
2295 (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that was smaller
2296 than it can reliably handle and "gmtime" probably returned the
2297 wrong date.
2298 Got an error from DosAllocMem
2300 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an
2301 obsolete version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
2302 goto must have label
2304 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
2305 unspecified destination. See "goto" in perlfunc.
2306 Goto undefined subroutine%s
2308 (F) You tried to call a subroutine with "goto &sub" syntax, but the
2309 indicated subroutine hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has
2310 since been undefined.
2311 Group name must start with a non-digit word character in regex; marked
2313 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2314 (F) Group names must follow the rules for perl identifiers, meaning
2315 they must start with a non-digit word character. A common cause of
2316 this error is using (?&0) instead of (?0). See perlre.
2317 ()-group starts with a count
2319 (F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is supposed to follow
2320 something: a template character or a ()-group. See "pack" in
2321 perlfunc.
2322 %s had compilation errors.
2324 (F) The final summary message when a "perl -c" fails.
2325 Had to create %s unexpectedly
2327 (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that
2328 ought to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and
2329 had to be created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
2330 %s has too many errors
2332 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10
2333 errors. Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
2334 Hexadecimal float: exponent overflow
2336 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a larger exponent
2337 than the floating point supports.
2338 Hexadecimal float: exponent underflow
2340 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a smaller exponent
2341 than the floating point supports. With the IEEE 754 floating
2342 point, this may also mean that the subnormals (formerly known as
2343 denormals) are being used, which may or may not be an error.
2344 Hexadecimal float: internal error (%s)
2346 (F) Something went horribly bad in hexadecimal float handling.
2347 Hexadecimal float: mantissa overflow
2349 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point literal had more bits
2350 in the mantissa (the part between the 0x and the exponent, also
2351 known as the fraction or the significand) than the floating point
2352 supports.
2353 Hexadecimal float: precision loss
2355 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point had internally more
2356 digits than could be output. This can be caused by unsupported
2357 long double formats, or by 64-bit integers not being available
2358 (needed to retrieve the digits under some configurations).
2359 Hexadecimal float: unsupported long double format
2361 (F) You have configured Perl to use long doubles but the internals
2362 of the long double format are unknown; therefore the hexadecimal
2363 float output is impossible.
2364 Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
2366 (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than
2367 2**32-1 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems.
2368 See perlport for more on portability concerns.
2369 Identifier too long
2371 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.)
2372 to about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for
2373 compound names (like $A::B). You've exceeded Perl's limits.
2374 Future versions of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary
2375 limitations.
2376 Ignoring zero length \N{} in character class in regex; marked by
2378 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2379 (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a
2380 zero-length sequence. When such an escape is used in a character
2381 class its behavior is not well defined. Check that the correct
2382 escape has been used, and the correct charname handler is in scope.
2383 Illegal %s digit '%c' ignored
2385 (W digit) Here %s is one of "binary", "octal", or "hex". You may
2386 have tried to use a digit other than one that is legal for the
2387 given type, such as only 0 and 1 for binary. For octals, this is
2388 raised only if the illegal character is an '8' or '9'. For hex,
2389 'A' - 'F' and 'a' - 'f' are legal. Interpretation of the number
2390 stopped just before the offending digit or character.
2391 Illegal binary digit '%c'
2393 (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
2394 Illegal character after '_' in prototype for %s : %s
2396 (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype
2397 declaration. The '_' in a prototype must be followed by a ';',
2398 indicating the rest of the parameters are optional, or one of '@'
2399 or '%', since those two will accept 0 or more final parameters.
2400 Illegal character \%o (carriage return)
2402 (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
2403 would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this
2404 error when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason,
2405 your version of Perl appears to have been built without this
2406 support. Talk to your Perl administrator.
2407 Illegal character following sigil in a subroutine signature
2409 (F) A parameter in a subroutine signature contained an unexpected
2410 character following the "$", "@" or "%" sigil character. Normally
2411 the sigil should be followed by the variable name or "=" etc.
2412 Perhaps you are trying use a prototype while in the scope of "use
2413 feature 'signatures'"? For example:
2414 sub foo ($$) {} # legal - a prototype
2416 use feature 'signatures;
2418 sub foo ($$) {} # illegal - was expecting a signature
2419 sub foo ($a, $b)
2420 :prototype($$) {} # legal
2421 Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s
2423 (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype
2424 declaration. Legal characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [,
2425 ], &, \, and +. Perhaps you were trying to write a subroutine
2426 signature but didn't enable that feature first ("use feature
2427 'signatures'"), so your signature was instead interpreted as a bad
2428 prototype.
2429 Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine
2431 (F) When using the "sub" keyword to construct an anonymous
2432 subroutine, you must always specify a block of code. See perlsub.
2433 Illegal declaration of subroutine %s
2435 (F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See perlsub.
2436 Illegal division by zero
2438 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong
2439 in your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against
2440 meaningless input.
2441 Illegal modulus zero
2443 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most
2444 numbers don't take to this kindly.
2445 Illegal number of bits in vec
2447 (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a
2448 power of two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).
2449 Illegal octal digit '%c'
2451 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
2452 Illegal operator following parameter in a subroutine signature
2454 (F) A parameter in a subroutine signature, was followed by
2455 something other than "=" introducing a default, "," or ")".
2456 use feature 'signatures';
2458 sub foo ($=1) {} # legal
2459 sub foo ($a = 1) {} # legal
2460 sub foo ($a += 1) {} # illegal
2461 sub foo ($a == 1) {} # illegal
2462 Illegal pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2464 (F) You wrote something like
2465 (?+foo)
2467 The "+" is valid only when followed by digits, indicating a
2469 capturing group. See "(?PARNO)".
2470 Illegal suidscript
2472 (F) The script run under suidperl was somehow illegal.
2473 Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: -%c
2475 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
2476 following switches: -[CDIMUdmtw].
2477 Illegal user-defined property name
2479 (F) You specified a Unicode-like property name in a regular
2480 expression pattern (using "\p{}" or "\P{}") that Perl knows isn't
2481 an official Unicode property, and was likely meant to be a user-
2482 defined property name, but it can't be one of those, as they must
2483 begin with either "In" or "Is". Check the spelling. See also
2484 "Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"".
2485 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
2487 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the
2488 CRTL's internal environ array, and encountered an element without
2489 the "=" delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element
2490 is ignored.
2491 Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
2493 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a
2494 logical name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate
2495 over %ENV, and didn't see the expected delimiter between key and
2496 value, so the line was ignored.
2497 (in cleanup) %s
2499 (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method
2500 raised the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually
2501 called by the system at arbitrary points during execution, and
2502 often a vast number of times, the warning is issued only once for
2503 any number of failures that would otherwise result in the same
2504 message being repeated.
2505 Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the "G_KEEPERR" flag
2507 could also result in this warning. See "G_KEEPERR" in perlcall.
2508 Implicit use of @_ in %s with signatured subroutine is experimental
2510 (S experimental::args_array_with_signatures) An expression that
2511 implicitly involves the @_ arguments array was found in a
2512 subroutine that uses a signature. This is experimental because the
2513 interaction between the arguments array and parameter handling via
2514 signatures is not guaranteed to remain stable in any future version
2515 of Perl, and such code should be avoided.
2516 Incomplete expression within '(?[ ])' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2518 m/%s/
2519 (F) There was a syntax error within the "(?[ ])". This can happen
2520 if the expression inside the construct was completely empty, or if
2521 there are too many or few operands for the number of operators.
2522 Perl is not smart enough to give you a more precise indication as
2523 to what is wrong.
2524 Inconsistent hierarchy during C3 merge of class '%s': merging failed on
2526 parent '%s'
2527 (F) The method resolution order (MRO) of the given class is not
2528 C3-consistent, and you have enabled the C3 MRO for this class. See
2529 the C3 documentation in mro for more information.
2530 Indentation on line %d of here-doc doesn't match delimiter
2532 (F) You have an indented here-document where one or more of its
2533 lines have whitespace at the beginning that does not match the
2534 closing delimiter.
2535 For example, line 2 below is wrong because it does not have at
2537 least 2 spaces, but lines 1 and 3 are fine because they have at
2538 least 2:
2539 if ($something) {
2541 print <<~EOF;
2542 Line 1
2543 Line 2 not
2544 Line 3
2545 EOF
2546 }
2547 Note that tabs and spaces are compared strictly, meaning 1 tab will
2549 not match 8 spaces.
2550 Infinite recursion in regex
2552 (F) You used a pattern that references itself without consuming any
2553 input text. You should check the pattern to ensure that recursive
2554 patterns either consume text or fail.
2555 Infinite recursion in user-defined property
2557 (F) A user-defined property ("User-Defined Character Properties" in
2558 perlunicode) can depend on the definitions of other user-defined
2559 properties. If the chain of dependencies leads back to this
2560 property, infinite recursion would occur, were it not for the check
2561 that raised this error.
2562 Restructure your property definitions to avoid this.
2564 Infinite recursion via empty pattern
2566 (F) You tried to use the empty pattern inside of a regex code
2567 block, for instance "/(?{ s!!! })/", which resulted in re-executing
2568 the same pattern, which is an infinite loop which is broken by
2569 throwing an exception.
2570 Initialization of state variables in list currently forbidden
2572 (F) "state" only permits initializing a single variable, specified
2573 without parentheses. So "state $a = 42" and "state @a = qw(a b c)"
2574 are allowed, but not "state ($a) = 42" or "(state $a) = 42". To
2575 initialize more than one "state" variable, initialize them one at a
2576 time.
2577 %%s[%s] in scalar context better written as $%s[%s]
2579 (W syntax) In scalar context, you've used an array index/value
2580 slice (indicated by %) to select a single element of an array.
2581 Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).
2582 The difference is that $foo[&bar] always behaves like a scalar,
2583 both in the value it returns and when evaluating its argument,
2584 while %foo[&bar] provides a list context to its subscript, which
2585 can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript. When
2586 called in list context, it also returns the index (what &bar
2587 returns) in addition to the value.
2588 %%s{%s} in scalar context better written as $%s{%s}
2590 (W syntax) In scalar context, you've used a hash key/value slice
2591 (indicated by %) to select a single element of a hash. Generally
2592 it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $). The
2593 difference is that $foo{&bar} always behaves like a scalar, both in
2594 the value it returns and when evaluating its argument, while
2595 @foo{&bar} and provides a list context to its subscript, which can
2596 do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript. When
2597 called in list context, it also returns the key in addition to the
2598 value.
2599 Insecure dependency in %s
2601 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't
2602 like. The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running
2603 setuid or setgid, or when you specify -T to turn it on explicitly.
2604 The tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or
2605 indirectly from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your
2606 trust. If any such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you
2607 get this error. See perlsec for more information.
2608 Insecure directory in %s
2610 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2611 setgid script if $ENV{PATH} contains a directory that is writable
2612 by the world. Also, the PATH must not contain any relative
2613 directory. See perlsec.
2614 Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
2616 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2617 setgid script if any of $ENV{PATH}, $ENV{IFS}, $ENV{CDPATH},
2618 $ENV{ENV}, $ENV{BASH_ENV} or $ENV{TERM} are derived from data
2619 supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must
2620 set the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See
2621 perlsec.
2622 Insecure user-defined property %s
2624 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
2625 expression that contains a call to a user-defined character
2626 property function, i.e. "\p{IsFoo}" or "\p{InFoo}". See "User-
2627 Defined Character Properties" in perlunicode and perlsec.
2628 Integer overflow in format string for %s
2630 (F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of
2631 "printf()" or "sprintf()" are too large. The numbers must not
2632 overflow the size of integers for your architecture.
2633 Integer overflow in %s number
2635 (S overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have
2636 specified either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct()
2637 is too big for your architecture, and has been converted to a
2638 floating point number. On a 32-bit architecture the largest
2639 hexadecimal, octal or binary number representable without overflow
2640 is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or 0b11111111111111111111111111111111
2641 respectively. Note that Perl transparently promotes all numbers to
2642 a floating point representation internally--subject to loss of
2643 precision errors in subsequent operations.
2644 Integer overflow in srand
2646 (S overflow) The number you have passed to srand is too big to fit
2647 in your architecture's integer representation. The number has been
2648 replaced with the largest integer supported (0xFFFFFFFF on 32-bit
2649 architectures). This means you may be getting less randomness than
2650 you expect, because different random seeds above the maximum will
2651 return the same sequence of random numbers.
2652 Integer overflow in version
2654 Integer overflow in version %d
2655 (W overflow) Some portion of a version initialization is too large
2656 for the size of integers for your architecture. This is not a
2657 warning because there is no rational reason for a version to try
2658 and use an element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually
2659 caused by trying to use some odd mathematical operation as a
2660 version, like 100/9.
2661 Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2663 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
2664 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2665 problem was discovered.
2666 Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
2668 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of
2669 times you've called "fork" and "exec", to determine whether the
2670 current call to "exec" should affect the current script or a
2671 subprocess (see "exec LIST" in perlvms). Somehow, this count has
2672 become scrambled, so Perl is making a guess and treating this
2673 "exec" as a request to terminate the Perl script and execute the
2674 specified command.
2675 internal %<num>p might conflict with future printf extensions
2677 (S internal) Perl's internal routine that handles "printf" and
2678 "sprintf" formatting follows a slightly different set of rules when
2679 called from C or XS code. Specifically, formats consisting of
2680 digits followed by "p" (e.g., "%7p") are reserved for future use.
2681 If you see this message, then an XS module tried to call that
2682 routine with one such reserved format.
2683 Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2685 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser.
2686 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2687 problem was discovered.
2688 %s (...) interpreted as function
2690 (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list
2691 operator followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all
2692 the list operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See
2693 "Terms and List Operators (Leftward)" in perlop.
2694 In '(?...)', the '(' and '?' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2696 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2697 (F) The two-character sequence "(?" in this context in a regular
2698 expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2699 intervening between the "(" and the "?", but you separated them
2700 with whitespace.
2701 In '(*...)', the '(' and '*' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2703 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2704 (F) The two-character sequence "(*" in this context in a regular
2705 expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2706 intervening between the "(" and the "*", but you separated them.
2707 Fix the pattern and retry.
2708 Invalid %s attribute: %s
2710 (F) The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not
2711 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See attributes.
2712 Invalid %s attributes: %s
2714 (F) The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not
2715 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See attributes.
2716 Invalid character in charnames alias definition; marked by <-- HERE in
2718 '%s
2719 (F) You tried to create a custom alias for a character name, with
2720 the ":alias" option to "use charnames" and the specified character
2721 in the indicated name isn't valid. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in
2722 charnames.
2723 Invalid \0 character in %s for %s: %s\0%s
2725 (W syscalls) Embedded \0 characters in pathnames or other system
2726 call arguments produce a warning as of 5.20. The parts after the
2727 \0 were formerly ignored by system calls.
2728 Invalid character in \N{...}; marked by <-- HERE in \N{%s}
2730 (F) Only certain characters are valid for character names. The
2731 indicated one isn't. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in charnames.
2732 Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
2734 (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion.
2735 See "sprintf" in perlfunc.
2736 Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regex; marked by <-- HERE
2738 in m/%s/
2739 (W regexp)(F) The numeric escape (for example "\xHH") of value <
2740 256 didn't correspond to a single character through the conversion
2741 from the encoding specified by the encoding pragma. The escape was
2742 replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (U+FFFD) instead, except within
2743 "(?[ ])", where it is a fatal error. The <-- HERE shows
2744 whereabouts in the regular expression the escape was discovered.
2745 Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...}
2747 Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2748 m/%s/
2749 (F) The character constant represented by "..." is not a valid
2750 hexadecimal number. Either it is empty, or you tried to use a
2751 character other than 0 - 9 or A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number.
2752 Invalid module name %s with -%c option: contains single ':'
2754 (F) The module argument to perl's -m and -M command-line options
2755 cannot contain single colons in the module name, but only in the
2756 arguments after "=". In other words, -MFoo::Bar=:baz is ok, but
2757 -MFoo:Bar=baz is not.
2758 Invalid mro name: '%s'
2760 (F) You tried to "mro::set_mro("classname", "foo")" or "use mro
2761 'foo'", where "foo" is not a valid method resolution order (MRO).
2762 Currently, the only valid ones supported are "dfs" and "c3", unless
2763 you have loaded a module that is a MRO plugin. See mro and
2764 perlmroapi.
2765 Invalid negative number (%s) in chr
2767 (W utf8) You passed a negative number to "chr". Negative numbers
2768 are not valid character numbers, so it returns the Unicode
2769 replacement character (U+FFFD).
2770 Invalid number '%s' for -C option.
2772 (F) You supplied a number to the -C option that either has extra
2773 leading zeroes or overflows perl's unsigned integer representation.
2774 invalid option -D%c, use -D'' to see choices
2776 (S debugging) Perl was called with invalid debugger flags. Call
2777 perl with the -D option with no flags to see the list of acceptable
2778 values. See also "-Dletters" in perlrun.
2779 Invalid quantifier in {,} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2781 (F) The pattern looks like a {min,max} quantifier, but the min or
2782 max could not be parsed as a valid number - either it has leading
2783 zeroes, or it represents too big a number to cope with. The
2784 <-- HERE shows where in the regular expression the problem was
2785 discovered. See perlre.
2786 Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2788 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum
2789 character greater than the maximum character. One possibility is
2790 that you forgot the "{}" from your ending "\x{}" - "\x" without the
2791 curly braces can go only up to "ff". The <-- HERE shows
2792 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
2793 See perlre.
2794 Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator
2796 (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
2797 character greater than the maximum character. See perlop.
2798 Invalid reference to group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2800 (F) The capture group you specified can't possibly exist because
2801 the number you used is not within the legal range of possible
2802 values for this machine.
2803 Invalid separator character %s in attribute list
2805 (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the
2806 elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a
2807 parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too
2808 soon. See attributes.
2809 Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s
2811 (W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something
2812 other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a
2813 layer list. If the previous attribute had a parenthesised
2814 parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
2815 Invalid strict version format (%s)
2817 (F) A version number did not meet the "strict" criteria for
2818 versions. A "strict" version number is a positive decimal number
2819 (integer or decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a
2820 dotted-decimal v-string with a leading 'v' character and at least
2821 three components. The parenthesized text indicates which criteria
2822 were not met. See the version module for more details on allowed
2823 version formats.
2824 Invalid type '%s' in %s
2826 (F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type. See
2827 "pack" in perlfunc.
2828 (W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used
2830 to be silently ignored.
2831 Invalid version format (%s)
2833 (F) A version number did not meet the "lax" criteria for versions.
2834 A "lax" version number is a positive decimal number (integer or
2835 decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a dotted-decimal
2836 v-string. If the v-string has fewer than three components, it must
2837 have a leading 'v' character. Otherwise, the leading 'v' is
2838 optional. Both decimal and dotted-decimal versions may have a
2839 trailing "alpha" component separated by an underscore character
2840 after a fractional or dotted-decimal component. The parenthesized
2841 text indicates which criteria were not met. See the version module
2842 for more details on allowed version formats.
2843 Invalid version object
2845 (F) The internal structure of the version object was invalid.
2846 Perhaps the internals were modified directly in some way or an
2847 arbitrary reference was blessed into the "version" class.
2848 In '(*VERB...)', the '(' and '*' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2850 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2851 Inverting a character class which contains a multi-character sequence
2852 is illegal in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2853 (F) You wrote something like
2854 qr/\P{name=KATAKANA LETTER AINU P}/
2856 qr/[^\p{name=KATAKANA LETTER AINU P}]/
2857 This name actually evaluates to a sequence of two Katakana
2859 characters, not just a single one, and it is illegal to try to take
2860 the complement of a sequence. (Mathematically it would mean any
2861 sequence of characters from 0 to infinity in length that weren't
2862 these two in a row, and that is likely not of any real use.)
2863 (F) The two-character sequence "(*" in this context in a regular
2865 expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2866 intervening between the "(" and the "*", but you separated them.
2867 ioctl is not implemented
2869 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is
2870 pretty strange for a machine that supports C.
2871 ioctl() on unopened %s
2873 (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never
2874 opened. Check your control flow and number of arguments.
2875 IO layers (like '%s') unavailable
2877 (F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore
2878 you cannot use IO layers. To have PerlIO, Perl must be configured
2879 with 'useperlio'.
2880 IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture
2882 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,
2883 neither as a system call nor an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).
2884 '%s' is an unknown bound type in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2886 (F) You used "\b{...}" or "\B{...}" and the "..." is not known to
2887 Perl. The current valid ones are given in "\b{}, \b, \B{}, \B" in
2888 perlrebackslash.
2889 %s is forbidden - matches null string many times in regex; marked by
2891 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2892 (F) The pattern you've specified might cause the regular expression
2893 to infinite loop so it is forbidden. The <-- HERE shows
2894 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
2895 See perlre.
2896 %s() isn't allowed on :utf8 handles
2898 (F) The sysread(), recv(), syswrite() and send() operators are not
2899 allowed on handles that have the ":utf8" layer, either explicitly,
2900 or implicitly, eg., with the ":encoding(UTF-16LE)" layer.
2901 Previously sysread() and recv() currently use only the ":utf8" flag
2903 for the stream, ignoring the actual layers. Since sysread() and
2904 recv() did no UTF-8 validation they can end up creating invalidly
2905 encoded scalars.
2906 Similarly, syswrite() and send() used only the ":utf8" flag,
2908 otherwise ignoring any layers. If the flag is set, both wrote the
2909 value UTF-8 encoded, even if the layer is some different encoding,
2910 such as the example above.
2911 Ideally, all of these operators would completely ignore the ":utf8"
2913 state, working only with bytes, but this would result in silently
2914 breaking existing code.
2915 "%s" is more clearly written simply as "%s" in regex; marked by
2917 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2918 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
2919 You specified a character that has the given plainer way of writing
2921 it, and which is also portable to platforms running with different
2922 character sets.
2923 $* is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30
2925 (F) The special variable $*, deprecated in older perls, was removed
2926 in 5.10.0, is no longer supported and is a fatal error as of Perl
2927 5.30. In previous versions of perl the use of $* enabled or
2928 disabled multi-line matching within a string.
2929 Instead of using $* you should use the "/m" (and maybe "/s") regexp
2931 modifiers. You can enable "/m" for a lexical scope (even a whole
2932 file) with "use re '/m'". (In older versions: when $* was set to a
2933 true value then all regular expressions behaved as if they were
2934 written using "/m".)
2935 Use of this variable will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
2937 $# is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30
2939 (F) The special variable $#, deprecated in older perls, was removed
2940 as of 5.10.0, is no longer supported and is a fatal error as of
2941 Perl 5.30. You should use the printf/sprintf functions instead.
2942 '%s' is not a code reference
2944 (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of
2945 overload::constant needs to be a code reference. Either an
2946 anonymous subroutine, or a reference to a subroutine.
2947 '%s' is not an overloadable type
2949 (W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload
2950 package is unaware of.
2951 '%s' is not recognised as a builtin function
2953 (F) An attempt was made to "use" the builtin pragma module to
2954 create a lexical alias for an unknown function name.
2955 -i used with no filenames on the command line, reading from STDIN
2957 (S inplace) The "-i" option was passed on the command line,
2958 indicating that the script is intended to edit files in place, but
2959 no files were given. This is usually a mistake, since editing
2960 STDIN in place doesn't make sense, and can be confusing because it
2961 can make perl look like it is hanging when it is really just trying
2962 to read from STDIN. You should either pass a filename to edit, or
2963 remove "-i" from the command line. See perlrun for more details.
2964 Junk on end of regexp in regex m/%s/
2966 (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
2967 \K not permitted in lookahead/lookbehind in regex; marked by <-- HERE
2969 in m/%s/
2970 (F) Your regular expression used "\K" in a lookahead or lookbehind
2971 assertion, which currently isn't permitted.
2972 This may change in the future, see Support \K in lookarounds
2974 <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/18134>.
2975 Label not found for "last %s"
2977 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a
2978 loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called
2979 from. See "last" in perlfunc.
2980 Label not found for "next %s"
2982 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a
2983 loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called
2984 from. See "last" in perlfunc.
2985 Label not found for "redo %s"
2987 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop
2988 of that name, not even if you count where you were called from.
2989 See "last" in perlfunc.
2990 leaving effective %s failed
2992 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, switching the real and
2993 effective uids or gids failed.
2994 length/code after end of string in unpack
2996 (F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an
2997 unpack length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This
2998 results in an undefined value for the length. See "pack" in
2999 perlfunc.
3000 length() used on %s (did you mean "scalar(%s)"?)
3002 (W syntax) You used length() on either an array or a hash when you
3003 probably wanted a count of the items.
3004 Array size can be obtained by doing:
3006 scalar(@array);
3008 The number of items in a hash can be obtained by doing:
3010 scalar(keys %hash);
3012 Lexing code attempted to stuff non-Latin-1 character into Latin-1 input
3014 (F) An extension is attempting to insert text into the current
3015 parse (using lex_stuff_pvn or similar), but tried to insert a
3016 character that couldn't be part of the current input. This is an
3017 inherent pitfall of the stuffing mechanism, and one of the reasons
3018 to avoid it. Where it is necessary to stuff, stuffing only plain
3019 ASCII is recommended.
3020 Lexing code internal error (%s)
3022 (F) Lexing code supplied by an extension violated the lexer's API
3023 in a detectable way.
3024 listen() on closed socket %s
3026 (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you
3027 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
3028 "listen" in perlfunc.
3029 List form of piped open not implemented
3031 (F) On some platforms, notably Windows, the three-or-more-arguments
3032 form of "open" does not support pipes, such as "open($pipe, '|-',
3033 @args)". Use the two-argument "open($pipe, '|prog arg1 arg2...')"
3034 form instead.
3035 Literal vertical space in [] is illegal except under /x in regex;
3037 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3038 (F) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
3039 Likely you forgot the "/x" modifier or there was a typo in the
3041 pattern. For example, did you really mean to match a form-feed?
3042 If so, all the ASCII vertical space control characters are
3043 representable by escape sequences which won't present such a
3044 jarring appearance as your pattern does when displayed.
3045 \r carriage return
3047 \f form feed
3048 \n line feed
3049 \cK vertical tab
3050 %s: loadable library and perl binaries are mismatched (got %s handshake
3052 key %p, needed %p)
3053 (P) A dynamic loading library ".so" or ".dll" was being loaded into
3054 the process that was built against a different build of perl than
3055 the said library was compiled against. Reinstalling the XS module
3056 will likely fix this error.
3057 Locale '%s' contains (at least) the following characters which have
3059 unexpected meanings: %s The Perl program will use the expected
3060 meanings
3061 (W locale) You are using the named UTF-8 locale. UTF-8 locales are
3062 expected to have very particular behavior, which most do. This
3063 message arises when perl found some departures from the
3064 expectations, and is notifying you that the expected behavior
3065 overrides these differences. In some cases the differences are
3066 caused by the locale definition being defective, but the most
3067 common causes of this warning are when there are ambiguities and
3068 conflicts in following the Standard, and the locale has chosen an
3069 approach that differs from Perl's.
3070 One of these is because that, contrary to the claims, Unicode is
3072 not completely locale insensitive. Turkish and some related
3073 languages have two types of "I" characters. One is dotted in both
3074 upper- and lowercase, and the other is dotless in both cases.
3075 Unicode allows a locale to use either the Turkish rules, or the
3076 rules used in all other instances, where there is only one type of
3077 "I", which is dotless in the uppercase, and dotted in the lower.
3078 The perl core does not (yet) handle the Turkish case, and this
3079 message warns you of that. Instead, the Unicode::Casing module
3080 allows you to mostly implement the Turkish casing rules.
3081 The other common cause is for the characters
3083 $ + < = > ^ ` | ~
3085 These are problematic. The C standard says that these should be
3087 considered punctuation in the C locale (and the POSIX standard
3088 defers to the C standard), and Unicode is generally considered a
3089 superset of the C locale. But Unicode has added an extra category,
3090 "Symbol", and classifies these particular characters as being
3091 symbols. Most UTF-8 locales have them treated as punctuation, so
3092 that ispunct(2) returns non-zero for them. But a few locales have
3093 it return 0. Perl takes the first approach, not using "ispunct()"
3094 at all (see Note [5] in perlrecharclass), and this message is
3095 raised to notify you that you are getting Perl's approach, not the
3096 locale's.
3097 Locale '%s' may not work well.%s
3099 (W locale) You are using the named locale, which is a non-UTF-8
3100 one, and which perl has determined is not fully compatible with
3101 what it can handle. The second %s gives a reason.
3102 By far the most common reason is that the locale has characters in
3104 it that are represented by more than one byte. The only such
3105 locales that Perl can handle are the UTF-8 locales. Most likely
3106 the specified locale is a non-UTF-8 one for an East Asian language
3107 such as Chinese or Japanese. If the locale is a superset of ASCII,
3108 the ASCII portion of it may work in Perl.
3109 Some essentially obsolete locales that aren't supersets of ASCII,
3111 mainly those in ISO 646 or other 7-bit locales, such as ASMO 449,
3112 can also have problems, depending on what portions of the ASCII
3113 character set get changed by the locale and are also used by the
3114 program. The warning message lists the determinable conflicting
3115 characters.
3116 Note that not all incompatibilities are found.
3118 If this happens to you, there's not much you can do except switch
3120 to use a different locale or use Encode to translate from the
3121 locale into UTF-8; if that's impracticable, you have been warned
3122 that some things may break.
3123 This message is output once each time a bad locale is switched into
3125 within the scope of "use locale", or on the first possibly-affected
3126 operation if the "use locale" inherits a bad one. It is not raised
3127 for any operations from the POSIX module.
3128 localtime(%f) failed
3130 (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that it could not
3131 handle: too large, too small, or NaN. The returned value is
3132 "undef".
3133 localtime(%f) too large
3135 (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that was larger
3136 than it can reliably handle and "localtime" probably returned the
3137 wrong date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special
3138 not-a-number value).
3139 localtime(%f) too small
3141 (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that was smaller
3142 than it can reliably handle and "localtime" probably returned the
3143 wrong date.
3144 Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/
3146 (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which
3147 lookbehind can handle. This restriction may be eased in a future
3148 release.
3149 Lost precision when %s %f by 1
3151 (W imprecision) You attempted to increment or decrement a value by
3152 one, but the result is too large for the underlying floating point
3153 representation to store accurately. Hence, the target of "++" or
3154 "--" is increased or decreased by quite different value than one,
3155 such as zero (i.e. the target is unchanged) or two, due to
3156 rounding. Perl issues this warning because it has already switched
3157 from integers to floating point when values are too large for
3158 integers, and now even floating point is insufficient. You may
3159 wish to switch to using Math::BigInt explicitly.
3160 lstat() on filehandle%s
3162 (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean
3163 by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a
3164 fstat() instead on the filehandle.)
3165 lvalue attribute %s already-defined subroutine
3167 (W misc) Although attributes.pm allows this, turning the lvalue
3168 attribute on or off on a Perl subroutine that is already defined
3169 does not always work properly. It may or may not do what you want,
3170 depending on what code is inside the subroutine, with exact details
3171 subject to change between Perl versions. Only do this if you
3172 really know what you are doing.
3173 lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined
3175 (W misc) Using the ":lvalue" declarative syntax to make a Perl
3176 subroutine an lvalue subroutine after it has been defined is not
3177 permitted. To make the subroutine an lvalue subroutine, add the
3178 lvalue attribute to the definition, or put the "sub foo :lvalue;"
3179 declaration before the definition.
3180 See also attributes.pm.
3182 Magical list constants are not supported
3184 (F) You assigned a magical array to a stash element, and then tried
3185 to use the subroutine from the same slot. You are asking Perl to
3186 do something it cannot do, details subject to change between Perl
3187 versions.
3188 Malformed integer in [] in pack
3190 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only
3191 digits are permitted. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3192 Malformed integer in [] in unpack
3194 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only
3195 digits are permitted. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3196 Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
3198 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the
3199 form
3200 prefix1;prefix2
3202 or
3204 prefix1 prefix2
3205 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If "prefix1" is indeed a prefix
3207 of a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The
3208 error may appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
3209 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in perlos2.
3210 Malformed prototype for %s: %s
3212 (F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The
3213 syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check
3214 for obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check
3215 is run when the function is called. Perhaps the function's author
3216 was trying to write a subroutine signature but didn't enable that
3217 feature first ("use feature 'signatures'"), so the signature was
3218 instead interpreted as a bad prototype.
3219 Malformed UTF-8 character%s
3221 (S utf8)(F) Perl detected a string that should be UTF-8, but didn't
3222 comply with UTF-8 encoding rules, or represents a code point whose
3223 ordinal integer value doesn't fit into the word size of the current
3224 platform (overflows). Details as to the exact malformation are
3225 given in the variable, %s, part of the message.
3226 One possible cause is that you set the UTF8 flag yourself for data
3228 that you thought to be in UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example
3229 legacy 8-bit data). To guard against this, you can use
3230 "Encode::decode('UTF-8', ...)".
3231 If you use the ":encoding(UTF-8)" PerlIO layer for input, invalid
3233 byte sequences are handled gracefully, but if you use ":utf8", the
3234 flag is set without validating the data, possibly resulting in this
3235 error message.
3236 See also "Handling Malformed Data" in Encode.
3238 Malformed UTF-8 returned by \N{%s} immediately after '%s'
3240 (F) The charnames handler returned malformed UTF-8.
3241 Malformed UTF-8 string in "%s"
3243 (F) This message indicates a bug either in the Perl core or in XS
3244 code. Such code was trying to find out if a character, allegedly
3245 stored internally encoded as UTF-8, was of a given type, such as
3246 being punctuation or a digit. But the character was not encoded in
3247 legal UTF-8. The %s is replaced by a string that can be used by
3248 knowledgeable people to determine what the type being checked
3249 against was.
3250 Passing malformed strings was deprecated in Perl 5.18, and became
3252 fatal in Perl 5.26.
3253 Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack
3255 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3256 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3257 progress.
3258 Malformed UTF-8 string in pack
3260 (F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3261 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3262 progress.
3263 Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack
3265 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3266 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3267 progress.
3268 Malformed UTF-16 surrogate
3270 (F) Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but
3271 while doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
3272 Mandatory parameter follows optional parameter
3274 (F) In a subroutine signature, you wrote something like "$a =
3275 undef, $b", making an earlier parameter optional and a later one
3276 mandatory. Parameters are filled from left to right, so it's
3277 impossible for the caller to omit an earlier one and pass a later
3278 one. If you want to act as if the parameters are filled from right
3279 to left, declare the rightmost optional and then shuffle the
3280 parameters around in the subroutine's body.
3281 Matched non-Unicode code point 0x%X against Unicode property; may not
3283 be portable
3284 (S non_unicode) Perl allows strings to contain a superset of
3285 Unicode code points; each code point may be as large as what is
3286 storable in a signed integer on your system, but these may not be
3287 accepted by other languages/systems. This message occurs when you
3288 matched a string containing such a code point against a regular
3289 expression pattern, and the code point was matched against a
3290 Unicode property, "\p{...}" or "\P{...}". Unicode properties are
3291 only defined on Unicode code points, so the result of this match is
3292 undefined by Unicode, but Perl (starting in v5.20) treats non-
3293 Unicode code points as if they were typical unassigned Unicode
3294 ones, and matched this one accordingly. Whether a given property
3295 matches these code points or not is specified in "Properties
3296 accessible through \p{} and \P{}" in perluniprops.
3297 This message is suppressed (unless it has been made fatal) if it is
3299 immaterial to the results of the match if the code point is Unicode
3300 or not. For example, the property "\p{ASCII_Hex_Digit}" only can
3301 match the 22 characters "[0-9A-Fa-f]", so obviously all other code
3302 points, Unicode or not, won't match it. (And "\P{ASCII_Hex_Digit}"
3303 will match every code point except these 22.)
3304 Getting this message indicates that the outcome of the match
3306 arguably should have been the opposite of what actually happened.
3307 If you think that is the case, you may wish to make the
3308 "non_unicode" warnings category fatal; if you agree with Perl's
3309 decision, you may wish to turn off this category.
3310 See "Beyond Unicode code points" in perlunicode for more
3312 information.
3313 %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3315 (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop
3316 if the regular expression engine didn't specifically check for
3317 that. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
3318 problem was discovered. See perlre.
3319 Maximal count of pending signals (%u) exceeded
3321 (F) Perl aborted due to too high a number of signals pending. This
3322 usually indicates that your operating system tried to deliver
3323 signals too fast (with a very high priority), starving the perl
3324 process from resources it would need to reach a point where it can
3325 process signals safely. (See "Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)" in
3326 perlipc.)
3327 "%s" may clash with future reserved word
3329 (W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a
3330 perl4 interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned
3331 about is "use" or "my".
3332 '%' may not be used in pack
3334 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
3335 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other
3336 way. See "unpack" in perlfunc.
3337 Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
3339 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table
3340 that doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See overload.
3341 Method %s not permitted
3343 See "500 Server error".
3344 Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
3346 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been
3347 caused by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it
3348 eventually ended earlier on the current line.
3349 Misplaced _ in number
3351 (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
3352 separate two digits.
3353 Missing argument for %n in %s
3355 (F) A %n was used in a format string with no corresponding argument
3356 for perl to write the current string length to.
3357 Missing argument in %s
3359 (W missing) You called a function with fewer arguments than other
3360 arguments you supplied indicated would be needed.
3361 Currently only emitted when a printf-type format required more
3363 arguments than were supplied, but might be used in the future for
3364 other cases where we can statically determine that arguments to
3365 functions are missing, e.g. for the "pack" in perlfunc function.
3366 Missing argument to -%c
3368 (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
3369 immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
3370 Missing braces on \N{}
3372 Missing braces on \N{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3373 (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal "\N{charname}" within
3374 double-quotish context. This can also happen when there is a space
3375 (or comment) between the "\N" and the "{" in a regex with the "/x"
3376 modifier. This modifier does not change the requirement that the
3377 brace immediately follow the "\N".
3378 Missing braces on \o{}
3380 (F) A "\o" must be followed immediately by a "{" in double-quotish
3381 context.
3382 Missing comma after first argument to %s function
3384 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
3385 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
3386 Missing command in piped open
3388 (W pipe) You used the "open(FH, "| command")" or "open(FH, "command
3389 |")" construction, but the command was missing or blank.
3390 Missing control char name in \c
3392 (F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required
3393 control character name.
3394 Missing ']' in prototype for %s : %s
3396 (W illegalproto) A grouping was started with "[" but never closed
3397 with "]".
3398 Missing name in "%s sub"
3400 (F) The syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that they
3401 have a name with which they can be found.
3402 Missing $ on loop variable
3404 (F) Apparently you've been programming in csh too much. Variables
3405 are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells,
3406 where it can vary from one line to the next.
3407 (Missing operator before %s?)
3409 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
3410 message "%s found where operator expected". Often the missing
3411 operator is a comma.
3412 Missing or undefined argument to %s
3414 (F) You tried to call require or do with no argument or with an
3415 undefined value as an argument. Require expects either a package
3416 name or a file-specification as an argument; do expects a filename.
3417 See "require EXPR" in perlfunc and "do EXPR" in perlfunc.
3418 Missing right brace on \%c{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3420 (F) Missing right brace in "\x{...}", "\p{...}", "\P{...}", or
3421 "\N{...}".
3422 Missing right brace on \N{}
3424 Missing right brace on \N{} or unescaped left brace after \N
3425 (F) "\N" has two meanings.
3426 The traditional one has it followed by a name enclosed in braces,
3428 meaning the character (or sequence of characters) given by that
3429 name. Thus "\N{ASTERISK}" is another way of writing "*", valid in
3430 both double-quoted strings and regular expression patterns. In
3431 patterns, it doesn't have the meaning an unescaped "*" does.
3432 Starting in Perl 5.12.0, "\N" also can have an additional meaning
3434 (only) in patterns, namely to match a non-newline character. (This
3435 is short for "[^\n]", and like "." but is not affected by the "/s"
3436 regex modifier.)
3437 This can lead to some ambiguities. When "\N" is not followed
3439 immediately by a left brace, Perl assumes the "[^\n]" meaning.
3440 Also, if the braces form a valid quantifier such as "\N{3}" or
3441 "\N{5,}", Perl assumes that this means to match the given quantity
3442 of non-newlines (in these examples, 3; and 5 or more,
3443 respectively). In all other case, where there is a "\N{" and a
3444 matching "}", Perl assumes that a character name is desired.
3445 However, if there is no matching "}", Perl doesn't know if it was
3447 mistakenly omitted, or if "[^\n]{" was desired, and raises this
3448 error. If you meant the former, add the right brace; if you meant
3449 the latter, escape the brace with a backslash, like so: "\N\{"
3450 Missing right curly or square bracket
3452 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than
3453 closing ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the
3454 place you were last editing.
3455 (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
3457 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
3458 message "%s found where operator expected". Don't automatically
3459 put a semicolon on the previous line just because you saw this
3460 message.
3461 Modification of a read-only value attempted
3463 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
3464 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
3465 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
3466 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
3468 mod(2);
3469 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the
3471 string.
3472 Yet another way is to assign to a "foreach" loop VAR when VAR is
3474 aliased to a constant in the look LIST:
3475 $x = 1;
3477 foreach my $n ($x, 2) {
3478 $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to
3479 } # modify the 2
3480 PerlIO::scalar will also produce this message as a warning if you
3482 attempt to open a read-only scalar for writing.
3483 Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s
3485 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
3486 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the
3487 array backwards.
3488 Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s
3490 (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it
3491 couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.
3492 Module name must be constant
3494 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a
3495 "use".
3496 Module name required with -%c option
3498 (F) The "-M" or "-m" options say that Perl should load some module,
3499 but you omitted the name of the module. Consult perlrun for full
3500 details about "-M" and "-m".
3501 More than one argument to '%s' open
3503 (F) The "open" function has been asked to open multiple files.
3504 This can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that
3505 takes a list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped
3506 open mode. See "open" in perlfunc for details.
3507 mprotect for COW string %p %u failed with %d
3509 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW (see "Copy on
3510 Write" in perlguts), but a shared string buffer could not be made
3511 read-only.
3512 mprotect for %p %u failed with %d
3514 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see
3515 perlhacktips), but an op tree could not be made read-only.
3516 mprotect RW for COW string %p %u failed with %d
3518 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW (see "Copy on
3519 Write" in perlguts), but a read-only shared string buffer could not
3520 be made mutable.
3521 mprotect RW for %p %u failed with %d
3523 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see
3524 perlhacktips), but a read-only op tree could not be made mutable
3525 before freeing the ops.
3526 msg%s not implemented
3528 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
3529 Multidimensional hash lookup is disabled
3531 (F) You supplied a list of subscripts to a hash lookup under "no
3532 feature "multidimensional";", eg:
3533 $z = $foo{$x, $y};
3535 which by default acts like:
3537 $z = $foo{join($;, $x, $y)};
3539 Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
3541 (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like $foo[1,2,3].
3542 They're written like $foo[1][2][3], as in C.
3543 Multiple slurpy parameters not allowed
3545 (F) In subroutine signatures, a slurpy parameter ("@" or "%") must
3546 be the last parameter, and there must not be more than one of them;
3547 for example:
3548 sub foo ($a, @b) {} # legal
3550 sub foo ($a, @b, %) {} # invalid
3551 '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack
3553 (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did
3554 not follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value.
3555 See "pack" in perlfunc.
3556 %s must not be a named sequence in transliteration operator
3558 (F) Transliteration ("tr///" and "y///") transliterates individual
3559 characters. But a named sequence by definition is more than an
3560 individual character, and hence doing this operation on it doesn't
3561 make sense.
3562 "my sub" not yet implemented
3564 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't
3565 try that yet.
3566 "my" subroutine %s can't be in a package
3568 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't
3569 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
3570 front.
3571 "my %s" used in sort comparison
3573 (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort
3574 comparisons. You used $a or $b in as an operand to the "<=>" or
3575 "cmp" operator inside a sort comparison block, and the variable had
3576 earlier been declared as a lexical variable. Either qualify the
3577 sort variable with the package name, or rename the lexical
3578 variable.
3579 "my" variable %s can't be in a package
3581 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't
3582 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
3583 front. Use local() if you want to localize a package variable.
3584 Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
3586 (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable
3587 names. If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then
3588 just mention it again somehow to suppress the message. The "our"
3589 declaration is also provided for this purpose.
3590 NOTE: This warning detects package symbols that have been used only
3592 once. This means lexical variables will never trigger this
3593 warning. It also means that all of the package variables $c, @c,
3594 %c, as well as *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or
3595 format) are considered the same; if a program uses $c only once but
3596 also uses any of the others it will not trigger this warning.
3597 Symbols beginning with an underscore and symbols using special
3598 identifiers (q.v. perldata) are exempt from this warning.
3599 Need exactly 3 octal digits in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3601 (F) Within "(?[ ])", all constants interpreted as octal need to
3602 be exactly 3 digits long. This helps catch some ambiguities. If
3603 your constant is too short, add leading zeros, like
3604 (?[ [ \078 ] ]) # Syntax error!
3606 (?[ [ \0078 ] ]) # Works
3607 (?[ [ \007 8 ] ]) # Clearer
3608 The maximum number this construct can express is "\777". If you
3610 need a larger one, you need to use \o{} instead. If you meant two
3611 separate things, you need to separate them:
3612 (?[ [ \7776 ] ]) # Syntax error!
3614 (?[ [ \o{7776} ] ]) # One meaning
3615 (?[ [ \777 6 ] ]) # Another meaning
3616 (?[ [ \777 \006 ] ]) # Still another
3617 Negative '/' count in unpack
3619 (F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation
3620 was negative. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3621 Negative length
3623 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
3624 length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
3625 Negative offset to vec in lvalue context
3627 (F) When "vec" is called in an lvalue context, the second argument
3628 must be greater than or equal to zero.
3629 Negative repeat count does nothing
3631 (W numeric) You tried to execute the "x" repetition operator fewer
3632 than 0 times, which doesn't make sense.
3633 Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3635 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening
3636 parentheses. So things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The
3637 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
3638 was discovered.
3639 Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, "*?", "+?", and "??"
3641 appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See perlre.
3642 %s never introduced
3644 (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went
3645 out of scope before it could possibly have been used.
3646 next::method/next::can/maybe::next::method cannot find enclosing method
3648 (F) "next::method" needs to be called within the context of a real
3649 method in a real package, and it could not find such a context.
3650 See mro.
3651 \N in a character class must be a named character: \N{...} in regex;
3653 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3654 (F) The new (as of Perl 5.12) meaning of "\N" as "[^\n]" is not
3655 valid in a bracketed character class, for the same reason that "."
3656 in a character class loses its specialness: it matches almost
3657 everything, which is probably not what you want.
3658 \N{} here is restricted to one character in regex; marked by <-- HERE
3660 in m/%s/
3661 (F) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a multi-
3662 character sequence. Even though a character class is supposed to
3663 match just one character of input, perl will match the whole thing
3664 correctly, except under certain conditions. These currently are
3665 When the class is inverted ("[^...]")
3667 The mathematically logical behavior for what matches when
3668 inverting is very different from what people expect, so we have
3669 decided to forbid it.
3670 The escape is the beginning or final end point of a range
3672 Similarly unclear is what should be generated when the
3673 "\N{...}" is used as one of the end points of the range, such
3674 as in
3675 [\x{41}-\N{ARABIC SEQUENCE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH AE}]
3677 What is meant here is unclear, as the "\N{...}" escape is a
3679 sequence of code points, so this is made an error.
3680 In a regex set
3682 The syntax "(?[ ])" in a regular expression yields a list of
3683 single code points, none can be a sequence.
3684 No %s allowed while running setuid
3686 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid
3687 or setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking
3688 there will be another way to do what you want that is, if not
3689 secure, at least securable. See perlsec.
3690 No code specified for -%c
3692 (F) Perl's -e and -E command-line options require an argument. If
3693 you want to run an empty program, pass the empty string as a
3694 separate argument or run a program consisting of a single 0 or 1:
3695 perl -e ""
3697 perl -e0
3698 perl -e1
3699 No comma allowed after %s
3701 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is
3702 not allowed to have a comma between that and the following
3703 arguments. Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
3704 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a
3706 constant to your name space with use or import while no such
3707 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating
3708 system does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you
3709 did use an explicit import list for the constants you expect to
3710 see; please see "use" in perlfunc and "import" in perlfunc. While
3711 an explicit import list would probably have caught this error
3712 earlier it naturally does not remedy the fact that your operating
3713 system still does not support that constant. Maybe you have a typo
3714 in the constants of the symbol import list of use or import or in
3715 the constant name at the line where this error was triggered?
3716 No command into which to pipe on command line
3718 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3719 redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it
3720 doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command.
3721 No DB::DB routine defined
3723 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch,
3724 but for some reason the current debugger (e.g. perl5db.pl or a
3725 "Devel::" module) didn't define a routine to be called at the
3726 beginning of each statement.
3727 No dbm on this machine
3729 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine
3730 should supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See
3731 SDBM_File.
3732 No DB::sub routine defined
3734 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch,
3735 but for some reason the current debugger (e.g. perl5db.pl or a
3736 "Devel::" module) didn't define a "DB::sub" routine to be called at
3737 the beginning of each ordinary subroutine call.
3738 No digits found for %s literal
3740 (F) No hexadecimal digits were found following "0x" or no binary
3741 digits were found following "0b".
3742 No directory specified for -I
3744 (F) The -I command-line switch requires a directory name as part of
3745 the same argument. Use -Ilib, for instance. -I lib won't work.
3746 No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
3748 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3749 redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but
3750 can't find the name of the file to which to write data destined for
3751 stderr.
3752 No group ending character '%c' found in template
3754 (F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its
3755 matching counterpart. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3756 No input file after < on command line
3758 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3759 redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find
3760 the name of the file from which to read data for stdin.
3761 No next::method '%s' found for %s
3763 (F) "next::method" found no further instances of this method name
3764 in the remaining packages of the MRO of this class. If you don't
3765 want it throwing an exception, use "maybe::next::method" or
3766 "next::can". See mro.
3767 Non-finite repeat count does nothing
3769 (W numeric) You tried to execute the "x" repetition operator "Inf"
3770 (or "-Inf") or "NaN" times, which doesn't make sense.
3771 Non-hex character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3773 (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-hexadecimal character
3774 where a hex one was expected, like
3775 (?[ [ \xDG ] ])
3777 (?[ [ \x{DEKA} ] ])
3778 Non-hex character '%c' terminates \x early. Resolved as "%s"
3780 (W digit) In parsing a hexadecimal numeric constant, a character
3781 was unexpectedly encountered that isn't hexadecimal. The resulting
3782 value is as indicated.
3783 Note that, within braces, every character starting with the first
3785 non-hexadecimal up to the ending brace is ignored.
3786 Non-octal character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3788 (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-octal character where
3789 an octal one was expected, like
3790 (?[ [ \o{1278} ] ])
3792 Non-octal character '%c' terminates \o early. Resolved as "%s"
3794 (W digit) In parsing an octal numeric constant, a character was
3795 unexpectedly encountered that isn't octal. The resulting value is
3796 as indicated.
3797 When not using "\o{...}", you wrote something like "\08", or "\179"
3799 in a double-quotish string. The resolution is as indicated, with
3800 all but the last digit treated as a single character, specified in
3801 octal. The last digit is the next character in the string. To
3802 tell Perl that this is indeed what you want, you can use the "\o{
3803 }" syntax, or use exactly three digits to specify the octal for the
3804 character.
3805 Note that, within braces, every character starting with the first
3807 non-octal up to the ending brace is ignored.
3808 "no" not allowed in expression
3810 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time,
3811 and returns no useful value. See perlmod.
3812 Non-string passed as bitmask
3814 (W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to
3815 select(). Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor
3816 bitmasks for select. See "select" in perlfunc.
3817 No output file after > on command line
3819 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3820 redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line,
3821 so it doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout.
3822 No output file after > or >> on command line
3824 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3825 redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but
3826 can't find the name of the file to which to write data destined for
3827 stdout.
3828 No package name allowed for subroutine %s in "our"
3830 No package name allowed for variable %s in "our"
3831 (F) Fully qualified subroutine and variable names are not allowed
3832 in "our" declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under
3833 existing rules. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions.
3834 No Perl script found in input
3836 (F) You called "perl -x", but no line was found in the file
3837 beginning with #! and containing the word "perl".
3838 No setregid available
3840 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call
3841 for your system.
3842 No setreuid available
3844 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call
3845 for your system.
3846 No such class %s
3848 (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state"
3849 declaration, but this class doesn't exist at this point in your
3850 program.
3851 No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
3853 (F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated
3854 typed variable but that key is not allowed by the package of the
3855 same type. The indicated package has restricted the set of allowed
3856 keys using the fields pragma.
3857 No such hook: %s
3859 (F) You specified a signal hook that was not recognized by Perl.
3860 Currently, Perl accepts "__DIE__" and "__WARN__" as valid signal
3861 hooks.
3862 No such pipe open
3864 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose()
3865 tried to close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have
3866 been caught earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
3867 No such signal: SIG%s
3869 (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that
3870 was not recognized. Say "kill -l" in your shell to see the valid
3871 signal names on your system.
3872 No Unicode property value wildcard matches:
3874 (W regexp) You specified a wildcard for a Unicode property value,
3875 but there is no property value in the current Unicode release that
3876 matches it. Check your spelling.
3877 Not a CODE reference
3879 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that
3880 is, a subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead.
3881 You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it
3882 really was. See also perlref.
3883 Not a GLOB reference
3885 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that
3886 is, a symbol table entry that looks like *foo), but found a
3887 reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3888 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3889 Not a HASH reference
3891 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but
3892 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3893 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3894 '#' not allowed immediately following a sigil in a subroutine signature
3896 (F) In a subroutine signature definition, a comment following a
3897 sigil ("$", "@" or "%"), needs to be separated by whitespace or a
3898 comma etc., in particular to avoid confusion with the $# variable.
3899 For example:
3900 # bad
3902 sub f ($# ignore first arg
3903 , $b) {}
3904 # good
3905 sub f ($, # ignore first arg
3906 $b) {}
3907 Not an ARRAY reference
3909 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but
3910 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3911 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3912 Not a SCALAR reference
3914 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but
3915 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3916 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3917 Not a subroutine reference
3919 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that
3920 is, a subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead.
3921 You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it
3922 really was. See also perlref.
3923 Not a subroutine reference in overload table
3925 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table
3926 that doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See overload.
3927 Not enough arguments for %s
3929 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
3930 Not enough format arguments
3932 (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next
3933 line supplied. See perlform.
3934 %s: not found
3936 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
3937 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
3938 into Perl yourself.
3939 no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
3941 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local
3942 timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is
3943 equivalent to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name
3944 SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL to translate to the number of seconds
3945 which need to be added to UTC to get local time.
3946 NULL OP IN RUN
3948 (S debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
3949 pointer.
3950 Null picture in formline
3952 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
3953 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
3954 supplied it an uninitialized value. See perlform.
3955 NULL regexp parameter
3957 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
3958 Number too long
3960 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs
3961 to about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future
3962 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation.
3963 In the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead
3964 of "1_000_000").
3965 Number with no digits
3967 (F) Perl was looking for a number but found nothing that looked
3968 like a number. This happens, for example with "\o{}", with no
3969 number between the braces.
3970 Numeric format result too large
3972 (F) The length of the result of a numeric format supplied to
3973 sprintf() or printf() would have been too large for the underlying
3974 C function to report. This limit is typically 2GB.
3975 Numeric variables with more than one digit may not start with '0'
3977 (F) The only numeric variable which is allowed to start with a 0 is
3978 $0, and you mentioned a variable that starts with 0 that has more
3979 than one digit. You probably want to remove the leading 0, or if
3980 the intent was to express a variable name in octal you should
3981 convert to decimal.
3982 Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable
3984 (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
3985 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
3986 perlport for more on portability concerns.
3987 Odd name/value argument for subroutine '%s'
3989 (F) A subroutine using a slurpy hash parameter in its signature
3990 received an odd number of arguments to populate the hash. It
3991 requires the arguments to be paired, with the same number of keys
3992 as values. The caller of the subroutine is presumably at fault.
3993 The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
3995 If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
3996 will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used.
3997 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant
3999 (W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number
4000 of arguments. The arguments should come in pairs.
4001 Odd number of elements in anonymous hash
4003 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a
4004 hash, which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
4005 Odd number of elements in hash assignment
4007 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a
4008 hash, which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
4009 Offset outside string
4011 (F)(W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation
4012 with an offset pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to
4013 imagine. The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will
4014 take place when going past the end of the string when either
4015 "sysread()"ing a file, or when seeking past the end of a scalar
4016 opened for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the
4017 behavior with real files).
4018 Old package separator used in string
4020 (W syntax) You used the old package separator, "'", in a variable
4021 named inside a double-quoted string; e.g., "In $name's house".
4022 This is equivalent to "In $name::s house". If you meant the
4023 former, put a backslash before the apostrophe ("In $name\'s
4024 house").
4025 %s() on unopened %s
4027 (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that
4028 was never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a
4029 socket() call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
4030 -%s on unopened filehandle %s
4032 (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a
4033 filehandle that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also
4034 "-X" in perlfunc.
4035 oops: oopsAV
4037 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
4038 oops: oopsHV
4040 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
4041 Operand with no preceding operator in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4043 m/%s/
4044 (F) You wrote something like
4045 (?[ \p{Digit} \p{Thai} ])
4047 There are two operands, but no operator giving how you want to
4049 combine them.
4050 Operation "%s": no method found, %s
4052 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for
4053 which no handler was defined. While some handlers can be
4054 autogenerated in terms of other handlers, there is no default
4055 handler for any operation, unless the "fallback" overloading key is
4056 specified to be true. See overload.
4057 Operation "%s" returns its argument for non-Unicode code point 0x%X
4059 (S non_unicode) You performed an operation requiring Unicode rules
4060 on a code point that is not in Unicode, so what it should do is not
4061 defined. Perl has chosen to have it do nothing, and warn you.
4062 If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive
4064 matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
4065 If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by "no
4067 warnings 'non_unicode';".
4068 Operation "%s" returns its argument for UTF-16 surrogate U+%X
4070 (S surrogate) You performed an operation requiring Unicode rules on
4071 a Unicode surrogate. Unicode frowns upon the use of surrogates for
4072 anything but storing strings in UTF-16, but rules are (reluctantly)
4073 defined for the surrogates, and they are to do nothing for this
4074 operation. Because the use of surrogates can be dangerous, Perl
4075 warns.
4076 If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive
4078 matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
4079 If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by "no
4081 warnings 'surrogate';".
4082 Operator or semicolon missing before %s
4084 (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the
4085 parser was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you
4086 really meant to use an operator, but this is highly likely to be
4087 incorrect. For example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be
4088 interpreted as if you said "*foo * 'foo'".
4089 Optional parameter lacks default expression
4091 (F) In a subroutine signature, you wrote something like "$a =",
4092 making a named optional parameter without a default value. A
4093 nameless optional parameter is permitted to have no default value,
4094 but a named one must have a specific default. You probably want
4095 "$a = undef".
4096 "our" variable %s redeclared
4098 (W shadow) You seem to have already declared the same global once
4099 before in the current lexical scope.
4100 Out of memory!
4102 (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
4103 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
4104 request. Perl has no option but to exit immediately.
4105 At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing
4107 your process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use "limit" and "limit
4108 datasize n" (where "n" is the number of kilobytes) to check the
4109 current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use "ulimit -a"
4110 and "ulimit -d n", respectively.
4111 Out of memory during %s extend
4113 (X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string
4114 beyond the largest possible memory allocation.
4115 Out of memory during "large" request for %s
4117 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
4118 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
4119 request. However, the request was judged large enough (compile-
4120 time default is 64K), so a possibility to shut down by trapping
4121 this error is granted.
4122 Out of memory during request for %s
4124 (X)(F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
4125 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
4126 request.
4127 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
4129 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not
4130 trappable. However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the
4131 contents of $^M as an emergency pool after die()ing with this
4132 message. In this case the error is trappable once, and the error
4133 message will include the line and file where the failed request
4134 happened.
4135 Out of memory during ridiculously large request
4137 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This
4138 error is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program.
4139 e.g., $arr[time] instead of $arr[$time].
4140 Out of memory for yacc stack
4142 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue
4143 parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
4144 otherwise.
4145 '.' outside of string in pack
4147 (F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the
4148 working position to before the start of the packed string being
4149 built.
4150 '@' outside of string in unpack
4152 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
4153 the string being unpacked. See "pack" in perlfunc.
4154 '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack
4156 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
4157 the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also
4158 invalid UTF-8. See "pack" in perlfunc.
4159 overload arg '%s' is invalid
4161 (W overload) The overload pragma was passed an argument it did not
4162 recognize. Did you mistype an operator?
4163 Overloaded dereference did not return a reference
4165 (F) An object with an overloaded dereference operator was
4166 dereferenced, but the overloaded operation did not return a
4167 reference. See overload.
4168 Overloaded qr did not return a REGEXP
4170 (F) An object with a "qr" overload was used as part of a match, but
4171 the overloaded operation didn't return a compiled regexp. See
4172 overload.
4173 %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
4175 (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
4176 package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl
4177 itself some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should
4178 use a mixed-case attribute name, instead. See attributes.
4179 pack/unpack repeat count overflow
4181 (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows
4182 your signed integers. See "pack" in perlfunc.
4183 page overflow
4185 (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on
4186 a page. See perlform.
4187 panic: %s
4189 (P) An internal error.
4190 panic: attempt to call %s in %s
4192 (P) One of the file test operators entered a code branch that calls
4193 an ACL related-function, but that function is not available on this
4194 platform. Earlier checks mean that it should not be possible to
4195 enter this branch on this platform.
4196 panic: child pseudo-process was never scheduled
4198 (P) A child pseudo-process in the ithreads implementation on
4199 Windows was not scheduled within the time period allowed and
4200 therefore was not able to initialize properly.
4201 panic: ck_grep, type=%u
4203 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
4204 panic: corrupt saved stack index %ld
4206 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values
4207 than there are in the savestack.
4208 panic: del_backref
4210 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a
4211 weak reference.
4212 panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d
4214 (P) While attempting folding constants an exception other than an
4215 "eval" failure was caught.
4216 panic: frexp: %f
4218 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f")
4219 impossible.
4220 panic: goto, type=%u, ix=%ld
4222 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified
4223 label, and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a
4224 goto in.
4225 panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer
4227 (P) The internal routine used to clear a typeglob's entries tried
4228 repeatedly, but each time something re-created entries in the glob.
4229 Most likely the glob contains an object with a reference back to
4230 the glob and a destructor that adds a new object to the glob.
4231 panic: INTERPCASEMOD, %s
4233 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
4234 panic: INTERPCONCAT, %s
4236 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
4237 panic: kid popen errno read
4239 (F) A forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its
4240 errno.
4241 panic: leave_scope inconsistency %u
4243 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
4244 invalid enum on the top of it.
4245 panic: magic_killbackrefs
4247 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all
4248 weak references to an object.
4249 panic: malloc, %s
4251 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
4252 panic: memory wrap
4254 (P) Something tried to allocate either more memory than possible or
4255 a negative amount.
4256 panic: newFORLOOP, %s
4258 (P) The parser failed an internal consistency check while trying to
4259 parse a "foreach" loop.
4260 panic: pad_alloc, %p!=%p
4262 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4263 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4264 panic: pad_free curpad, %p!=%p
4266 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4267 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4268 panic: pad_free po
4270 (P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally. An attempt
4271 was made to free a target that had not been allocated to begin
4272 with.
4273 panic: pad_reset curpad, %p!=%p
4275 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4276 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4277 panic: pad_sv po
4279 (P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally. Most likely
4280 an operator needed a target but that target had not been allocated
4281 for whatever reason.
4282 panic: pad_swipe curpad, %p!=%p
4284 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4285 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4286 panic: pad_swipe po
4288 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
4289 panic: pp_iter, type=%u
4291 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
4292 panic: pp_match%s
4294 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid
4295 operational data.
4296 panic: realloc, %s
4298 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
4299 panic: reference miscount on nsv in sv_replace() (%d != 1)
4301 (P) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with a
4302 reference count other than 1.
4303 panic: restartop in %s
4305 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it),
4306 and didn't supply the destination.
4307 panic: return, type=%u
4309 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context,
4310 and then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
4311 panic: scan_num, %s
4313 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
4314 panic: Sequence (?{...}): no code block found in regex m/%s/
4316 (P) While compiling a pattern that has embedded (?{}) or (??{})
4317 code blocks, perl couldn't locate the code block that should have
4318 already been seen and compiled by perl before control passed to the
4319 regex compiler.
4320 panic: sv_chop %s
4322 (P) The sv_chop() routine was passed a position that is not within
4323 the scalar's string buffer.
4324 panic: sv_insert, midend=%p, bigend=%p
4326 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than
4327 there was string.
4328 panic: top_env
4330 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like
4331 that.
4332 panic: unexpected constant lvalue entersub entry via type/targ %d:%d
4334 (P) When compiling a subroutine call in lvalue context, Perl failed
4335 an internal consistency check. It encountered a malformed op tree.
4336 panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called
4338 (P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that
4339 isn't permitted at run time.
4340 panic: unknown OA_*: %x
4342 (P) The internal routine that handles arguments to "&CORE::foo()"
4343 subroutine calls was unable to determine what type of arguments
4344 were expected.
4345 panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
4347 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
4348 to even) byte length.
4349 panic: utf16_to_utf8_reversed: odd bytelen
4351 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8_reversed with an odd (as
4352 opposed to even) byte length.
4353 panic: yylex, %s
4355 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case
4356 modifier.
4357 Parentheses missing around "%s" list
4359 (W parenthesis) You said something like
4360 my $foo, $bar = @_;
4362 when you meant
4364 my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
4366 Remember that "my", "our", "local" and "state" bind tighter than
4368 comma.
4369 Parsing code internal error (%s)
4371 (F) Parsing code supplied by an extension violated the parser's API
4372 in a detectable way.
4373 Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change exceeded limit in regex
4375 (F) You used a pattern that uses too many nested subpattern calls
4376 without consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so text is
4377 consumed before the nesting limit is exceeded.
4378 "-p" destination: %s
4380 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the
4381 "-p" command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless
4382 you've redirected it with select().)
4383 Perl API version %s of %s does not match %s
4385 (F) The XS module in question was compiled against a different
4386 incompatible version of Perl than the one that has loaded the XS
4387 module.
4388 Perl folding rules are not up-to-date for 0x%X; please use the perlbug
4390 utility to report; in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4391 (S regexp) You used a regular expression with case-insensitive
4392 matching, and there is a bug in Perl in which the built-in regular
4393 expression folding rules are not accurate. This may lead to
4394 incorrect results. Please report this as a bug to
4395 <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues>.
4396 Perl_my_%s() not available
4398 (F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size, so
4399 it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order
4400 conversion functions. This is only a problem when you're using the
4401 '<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates. See "pack" in
4402 perlfunc.
4403 Perl %s required (did you mean %s?)--this is only %s, stopped
4405 (F) The code you are trying to run has asked for a newer version of
4406 Perl than you are running. Perhaps "use 5.10" was written instead
4407 of "use 5.010" or "use v5.10". Without the leading "v", the number
4408 is interpreted as a decimal, with every three digits after the
4409 decimal point representing a part of the version number. So 5.10
4410 is equivalent to v5.100.
4411 Perl %s required--this is only %s, stopped
4413 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
4414 recent than the currently running version. How long has it been
4415 since you upgraded, anyway? See "require" in perlfunc.
4416 PERL_SH_DIR too long
4418 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to
4419 find the "sh"-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in perlos2.
4420 PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s"
4422 (X) See "PERL_SIGNALS" in perlrun for legal values.
4423 Perls since %s too modern--this is %s, stopped
4425 (F) The code you are trying to run claims it will not run on the
4426 version of Perl you are using because it is too new. Maybe the
4427 code needs to be updated, or maybe it is simply wrong and the
4428 version check should just be removed.
4429 perl: warning: Non hex character in '$ENV{PERL_HASH_SEED}', seed only
4431 partially set
4432 (S) PERL_HASH_SEED should match /^\s*(?:0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]+\s*\z/ but
4433 it contained a non hex character. This could mean you are not
4434 using the hash seed you think you are.
4435 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
4437 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
4438 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
4440 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
4441 LC_ALL = "En_US",
4442 LANG = (unset)
4443 are supported and installed on your system.
4444 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
4445 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above
4447 the settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no
4448 value. This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your
4449 operating system supplier and/or system administrator have set up
4450 the so-called locale system but Perl could not use those settings.
4451 This was not dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale"
4452 called "C" that Perl can and will use, and the script will be run.
4453 Before you really fix the problem, however, you will get the same
4454 error message each time you run Perl. How to really fix the
4455 problem can be found in perllocale section LOCALE PROBLEMS.
4456 perl: warning: strange setting in '$ENV{PERL_PERTURB_KEYS}': '%s'
4458 (S) Perl was run with the environment variable PERL_PERTURB_KEYS
4459 defined but containing an unexpected value. The legal values of
4460 this setting are as follows.
4461 Numeric | String | Result
4463 --------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
4464 0 | NO | Disables key traversal randomization
4465 1 | RANDOM | Enables full key traversal randomization
4466 2 | DETERMINISTIC | Enables repeatable key traversal
4467 | | randomization
4468 Both numeric and string values are accepted, but note that string
4470 values are case sensitive. The default for this setting is
4471 "RANDOM" or 1.
4472 pid %x not a child
4474 (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait
4475 for a process which isn't a subprocess of the current process.
4476 While this is fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what
4477 you intended.
4478 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack
4480 (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*".
4481 POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4483 (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The
4484 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
4485 was discovered. Note that the POSIX character classes do not have
4486 the "is" prefix the corresponding C interfaces have: in other
4487 words, it's "[[:print:]]", not "isprint". See perlre.
4488 POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
4490 (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument,
4491 unlike the BSD version, which takes a pid.
4492 POSIX syntax [%c %c] belongs inside character classes%s in regex;
4494 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4495 (W regexp) Perl thinks that you intended to write a POSIX character
4496 class, but didn't use enough brackets. These POSIX class
4497 constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go inside character classes,
4498 the [] are part of the construct, for example:
4499 "qr/[012[:alpha:]345]/". What the regular expression pattern
4500 compiled to is probably not what you were intending. For example,
4501 "qr/[:alpha:]/" compiles to a regular bracketed character class
4502 consisting of the four characters ":", "a", "l", "h", and "p".
4503 To specify the POSIX class, it should have been written
4504 "qr/[[:alpha:]]/".
4505 Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently implemented; they are
4507 simply placeholders for future extensions and will cause fatal
4508 errors. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression
4509 the problem was discovered. See perlre.
4510 If the specification of the class was not completely valid, the
4512 message indicates that.
4513 POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked
4515 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4516 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
4517 beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future
4518 extensions. If you need to represent those character sequences
4519 inside a regular expression character class, just quote the square
4520 brackets with the backslash: "\[." and ".\]". The <-- HERE shows
4521 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4522 See perlre.
4523 POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked
4525 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4526 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
4527 beginning with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future
4528 extensions. If you need to represent those character sequences
4529 inside a regular expression character class, just quote the square
4530 brackets with the backslash: "\[=" and "=\]". The <-- HERE shows
4531 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4532 See perlre.
4533 Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
4535 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with
4536 literal strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are
4537 instead treated as literal data. (You may have used different
4538 delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also
4539 frequently used.)
4540 You probably wrote something like this:
4542 @list = qw(
4544 a # a comment
4545 b # another comment
4546 );
4547 when you should have written this:
4549 @list = qw(
4551 a
4552 b
4553 );
4554 If you really want comments, build your list the old-fashioned way,
4556 with quotes and commas:
4557 @list = (
4559 'a', # a comment
4560 'b', # another comment
4561 );
4562 Possible attempt to separate words with commas
4564 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore
4565 commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used
4566 different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are
4567 also frequently used.)
4568 You probably wrote something like this:
4570 qw! a, b, c !;
4572 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it
4574 without commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
4575 qw! a b c !;
4577 Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
4579 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining
4580 for. Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel
4581 byte at the end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got
4582 clobbered, and Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See
4583 "ioctl" in perlfunc.
4584 Possible precedence issue with control flow operator
4586 (W syntax) There is a possible problem with the mixing of a control
4587 flow operator (e.g. "return") and a low-precedence operator like
4588 "or". Consider:
4589 sub { return $a or $b; }
4591 This is parsed as:
4593 sub { (return $a) or $b; }
4595 Which is effectively just:
4597 sub { return $a; }
4599 Either use parentheses or the high-precedence variant of the
4601 operator.
4602 Note this may be also triggered for constructs like:
4604 sub { 1 if die; }
4606 Possible precedence problem on bitwise %s operator
4608 (W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in
4609 conjunction with a numeric comparison operator, like this :
4610 if ($x & $y == 0) { ... }
4612 This expression is actually equivalent to "$x & ($y == 0)", due to
4614 the higher precedence of "==". This is probably not what you want.
4615 (If you really meant to write this, disable the warning, or,
4616 better, put the parentheses explicitly and write "$x & ($y == 0)").
4617 Possible unintended interpolation of $\ in regex
4619 (W ambiguous) You said something like "m/$\/" in a regex. The
4620 regex "m/foo$\s+bar/m" translates to: match the word 'foo', the
4621 output record separator (see "$\" in perlvar) and the letter 's'
4622 (one time or more) followed by the word 'bar'.
4623 If this is what you intended then you can silence the warning by
4625 using "m/${\}/" (for example: "m/foo${\}s+bar/").
4626 If instead you intended to match the word 'foo' at the end of the
4628 line followed by whitespace and the word 'bar' on the next line
4629 then you can use "m/$(?)\/" (for example: "m/foo$(?)\s+bar/").
4630 Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
4632 (W ambiguous) You said something like '@foo' in a double-quoted
4633 string but there was no array @foo in scope at the time. If you
4634 wanted a literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out
4635 what happened to the array you apparently lost track of.
4636 Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
4638 (S precedence) The old irregular construct
4639 open FOO || die;
4641 is now misinterpreted as
4643 open(FOO || die);
4645 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary
4647 and list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must
4648 put parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator
4649 instead of "||".
4650 Premature end of script headers
4652 See "500 Server error".
4653 printf() on closed filehandle %s
4655 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
4656 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4657 print() on closed filehandle %s
4659 (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed
4660 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4661 Process terminated by SIG%s
4663 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while
4664 *nix applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of
4665 the OS/2 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate
4666 sighandlers, see "Signals" in perlipc. See also "Process
4667 terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT" in perlos2.
4668 Prototype after '%c' for %s : %s
4670 (W illegalproto) A character follows % or @ in a prototype. This
4671 is useless, since % and @ gobble the rest of the subroutine
4672 arguments.
4673 Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
4675 (S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had
4676 previously been declared or defined with a different function
4677 prototype.
4678 Prototype not terminated
4680 (F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype
4681 definition.
4682 Prototype '%s' overridden by attribute 'prototype(%s)' in %s
4684 (W prototype) A prototype was declared in both the parentheses
4685 after the sub name and via the prototype attribute. The prototype
4686 in parentheses is useless, since it will be replaced by the
4687 prototype from the attribute before it's ever used.
4688 Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4690 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash
4691 it if you meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in
4692 the regular expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
4693 Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4695 (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max
4696 values of the {min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
4697 in the regular expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
4698 Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex
4700 Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4701 m/%s/
4702 (W regexp) Minima should be less than or equal to maxima. If you
4703 really want your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}.
4704 Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression in regex m/%s/
4706 (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place
4707 where it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try
4708 putting the quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example,
4709 the way to match "abc" provided that it is followed by three
4710 repetitions of "xyz" is "/abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/", not
4711 "/abc(?=xyz){3}/".
4712 Range iterator outside integer range
4714 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator
4715 ".." are outside the range which can be represented by integers
4716 internally. One possible workaround is to force Perl to use
4717 magical string increment by prepending "0" to your numbers.
4718 Ranges of ASCII printables should be some subset of "0-9", "A-Z", or
4720 "a-z" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4721 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
4722 Stricter rules help to find typos and other errors. Perhaps you
4724 didn't even intend a range here, if the "-" was meant to be some
4725 other character, or should have been escaped (like "\-"). If you
4726 did intend a range, the one that was used is not portable between
4727 ASCII and EBCDIC platforms, and doesn't have an obvious meaning to
4728 a casual reader.
4729 [3-7] # OK; Obvious and portable
4731 [d-g] # OK; Obvious and portable
4732 [A-Y] # OK; Obvious and portable
4733 [A-z] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4734 [a-Z] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4735 [%-.] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4736 [\x41-Z] # WRONG; Not portable; not obvious to non-geek
4737 (You can force portability by specifying a Unicode range, which
4739 means that the endpoints are specified by "\N{...}", but the
4740 meaning may still not be obvious.) The stricter rules require that
4741 ranges that start or stop with an ASCII character that is not a
4742 control have all their endpoints be the literal character, and not
4743 some escape sequence (like "\x41"), and the ranges must be all
4744 digits, or all uppercase letters, or all lowercase letters.
4745 Ranges of digits should be from the same group in regex; marked by
4747 <-- HERE in m/%s/
4748 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
4749 Stricter rules help to find typos and other errors. You included a
4751 range, and at least one of the end points is a decimal digit.
4752 Under the stricter rules, when this happens, both end points should
4753 be digits in the same group of 10 consecutive digits.
4754 readdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4756 (W io) The dirhandle you're reading from is either closed or not
4757 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4758 readline() on closed filehandle %s
4760 (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed
4761 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4762 readline() on unopened filehandle %s
4764 (W unopened) The filehandle you're reading from was never opened.
4765 Check your control flow.
4766 read() on closed filehandle %s
4768 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
4769 read() on unopened filehandle %s
4771 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never
4772 opened.
4773 realloc() of freed memory ignored
4775 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that
4776 had already been freed.
4777 Recompile perl with -DDEBUGGING to use -D switch
4779 (S debugging) You can't use the -D option unless the code to
4780 produce the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails
4781 some overhead, which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
4782 Recursive call to Perl_load_module in PerlIO_find_layer
4784 (P) It is currently not permitted to load modules when creating a
4785 filehandle inside an %INC hook. This can happen with "open my $fh,
4786 '<', \$scalar", which implicitly loads PerlIO::scalar. Try loading
4787 PerlIO::scalar explicitly first.
4788 Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
4790 (F) While calculating the method resolution order (MRO) of a
4791 package, Perl believes it found an infinite loop in the @ISA
4792 hierarchy. This is a crude check that bails out after 100 levels
4793 of @ISA depth.
4794 Redundant argument in %s
4796 (W redundant) You called a function with more arguments than other
4797 arguments you supplied indicated would be needed. Currently only
4798 emitted when a printf-type format required fewer arguments than
4799 were supplied, but might be used in the future for e.g. "pack" in
4800 perlfunc.
4801 refcnt_dec: fd %d%s
4803 refcnt: fd %d%s
4804 refcnt_inc: fd %d%s
4805 (P) Perl's I/O implementation failed an internal consistency check.
4806 If you see this message, something is very wrong.
4807 Reference found where even-sized list expected
4809 (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a
4810 list with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash).
4811 This usually means that you used the anon hash constructor when you
4812 meant to use parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value pairs.
4813 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
4815 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
4816 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
4817 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
4818 Reference is already weak
4820 (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already
4821 weak. Doing so has no effect.
4822 Reference is not weak
4824 (W misc) You have attempted to unweaken a reference that is not
4825 weak. Doing so has no effect.
4826 Reference to invalid group 0 in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4828 (F) You used "\g0" or similar in a regular expression. You may
4829 refer to capturing parentheses only with strictly positive integers
4830 (normal backreferences) or with strictly negative integers
4831 (relative backreferences). Using 0 does not make sense.
4832 Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4834 (F) You used something like "\7" in your regular expression, but
4835 there are not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the
4836 expression. If you wanted to have the character with ordinal 7
4837 inserted into the regular expression, prepend zeroes to make it
4838 three digits long: "\007"
4839 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4841 problem was discovered.
4842 Reference to nonexistent named group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4844 m/%s/
4845 (F) You used something like "\k'NAME'" or "\k<NAME>" in your
4846 regular expression, but there is no corresponding named capturing
4847 parentheses such as "(?'NAME'...)" or "(?<NAME>...)". Check if the
4848 name has been spelled correctly both in the backreference and the
4849 declaration.
4850 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4852 problem was discovered.
4853 Reference to nonexistent or unclosed group in regex; marked by <-- HERE
4855 in m/%s/
4856 (F) You used something like "\g{-7}" in your regular expression,
4857 but there are not at least seven sets of closed capturing
4858 parentheses in the expression before where the "\g{-7}" was
4859 located.
4860 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4862 problem was discovered.
4863 regexp memory corruption
4865 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
4866 expression compiler gave it.
4867 Regexp modifier "/%c" may appear a maximum of twice
4869 Regexp modifier "%c" may appear a maximum of twice in regex; marked by
4870 <-- HERE in m/%s/
4871 (F) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences of the
4872 specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones.
4873 Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear after the "-" in regex; marked by
4875 <-- HERE in m/%s/
4876 (F) Turning off the given modifier has the side effect of turning
4877 on another one. Perl currently doesn't allow this. Reword the
4878 regular expression to use the modifier you want to turn on (and
4879 place it before the minus), instead of the one you want to turn
4880 off.
4881 Regexp modifier "/%c" may not appear twice
4883 Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear twice in regex; marked by <-- HERE
4884 in m/%s/
4885 (F) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences of the
4886 specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones.
4887 Regexp modifiers "/%c" and "/%c" are mutually exclusive
4889 Regexp modifiers "%c" and "%c" are mutually exclusive in regex; marked
4890 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4891 (F) The regular expression pattern had more than one of these
4892 mutually exclusive modifiers. Retain only the modifier that is
4893 supposed to be there.
4894 Regexp out of space in regex m/%s/
4896 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught
4897 it earlier.
4898 Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @#)
4900 (F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a
4901 numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never
4902 terminates. You might use ^# instead. See perlform.
4903 Replacement list is longer than search list
4905 (W misc) You have used a replacement list that is longer than the
4906 search list. So the additional elements in the replacement list
4907 are meaningless.
4908 '(*%s' requires a terminating ':' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4910 (F) You used a construct that needs a colon and pattern argument.
4911 Supply these or check that you are using the right construct.
4912 '%s' resolved to '\o{%s}%d'
4914 As of Perl 5.32, this message is no longer generated. Instead, see
4915 "Non-octal character '%c' terminates \o early. Resolved as "%s"".
4916 (W misc, regexp) You wrote something like "\08", or "\179" in a
4917 double-quotish string. All but the last digit is treated as a
4918 single character, specified in octal. The last digit is the next
4919 character in the string. To tell Perl that this is indeed what you
4920 want, you can use the "\o{ }" syntax, or use exactly three digits
4921 to specify the octal for the character.
4922 Reversed %s= operator
4924 (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The =
4925 must always come last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary
4926 operators.
4927 rewinddir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4929 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to do a rewinddir() on is either
4930 closed or not really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4931 Scalars leaked: %d
4933 (S internal) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of
4934 scalars: not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl
4935 exited. What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of
4936 course bad, especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-
4937 running.
4938 Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
4940 (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
4941 single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a
4942 scalar value (indicated by $). The difference is that $foo[&bar]
4943 always behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when
4944 evaluating its argument, while @foo[&bar] behaves like a list when
4945 you assign to it, and provides a list context to its subscript,
4946 which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
4947 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
4949 element as a list, you need to look into how references work,
4950 because Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists
4951 for you. See perlref.
4952 Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
4954 (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a
4955 single element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a
4956 scalar value (indicated by $). The difference is that $foo{&bar}
4957 always behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when
4958 evaluating its argument, while @foo{&bar} behaves like a list when
4959 you assign to it, and provides a list context to its subscript,
4960 which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
4961 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash
4963 element as a list, you need to look into how references work,
4964 because Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists
4965 for you. See perlref.
4966 Search pattern not terminated
4968 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
4969 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
4970 level. Missing the leading "$" from a variable $m may cause this
4971 error.
4972 Note that since Perl 5.10.0 a // can also be the defined-or
4974 construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code
4975 written in Perl 5.10.0 or later that uses the // as the defined-or
4976 can be misparsed by pre-5.10.0 Perls as a non-terminated search
4977 pattern.
4978 seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4980 (W io) The dirhandle you are doing a seekdir() on is either closed
4981 or not really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4982 %sseek() on unopened filehandle
4984 (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a
4985 filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
4986 select not implemented
4988 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
4989 Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported
4991 (F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in the
4992 current implementation.
4993 Semicolon seems to be missing
4995 (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a
4996 missing semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as
4997 a comma.
4998 semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
5000 (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate
5001 a scalar that had previously been marked as free.
5002 sem%s not implemented
5004 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
5005 send() on closed socket %s
5007 (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime
5008 before now. Check your control flow.
5009 Sequence "\c{" invalid
5011 (F) These three characters may not appear in sequence in a double-
5012 quotish context. This message is raised only on non-ASCII
5013 platforms (a different error message is output on ASCII ones). If
5014 you were intending to specify a control character with this
5015 sequence, you'll have to use a different way to specify it.
5016 Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5018 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?.
5019 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5020 problem was discovered. See perlre.
5021 Sequence (?%c...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5023 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character
5024 reserved but has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows
5025 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5026 See perlre.
5027 Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5029 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make
5030 sense. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression
5031 the problem was discovered. This may happen when using the
5032 "(?^...)" construct to tell Perl to use the default regular
5033 expression modifiers, and you redundantly specify a default
5034 modifier. For other causes, see perlre.
5035 Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex m/%s/
5037 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
5038 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. See perlre.
5039 Sequence (?&... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5041 (F) A named reference of the form "(?&...)" was missing the final
5042 closing parenthesis after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
5043 in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5044 Sequence (?%c... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5046 (F) A named group of the form "(?'...')" or "(?<...>)" was missing
5047 the final closing quote or angle bracket. The <-- HERE shows
5048 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5049 Sequence (%s... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5051 (F) A lookahead assertion "(?=...)" or "(?!...)" or lookbehind
5052 assertion "(?<=...)" or "(?<!...)" was missing the final closing
5053 parenthesis. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular
5054 expression the problem was discovered.
5055 Sequence (?(%c... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5057 (F) A named reference of the form "(?('...')...)" or
5058 "(?(<...>)...)" was missing the final closing quote or angle
5059 bracket after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the
5060 regular expression the problem was discovered.
5061 Sequence (?... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5063 (F) There was no matching closing parenthesis for the '('. The
5064 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
5065 was discovered.
5066 Sequence \%s... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5068 (F) The regular expression expects a mandatory argument following
5069 the escape sequence and this has been omitted or incorrectly
5070 written.
5071 Sequence (?{...}) not terminated with ')'
5073 (F) The end of the perl code contained within the {...} must be
5074 followed immediately by a ')'.
5075 Sequence (?P>... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5077 (F) A named reference of the form "(?P>...)" was missing the final
5078 closing parenthesis after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
5079 in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5080 Sequence (?P<... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5082 (F) A named group of the form "(?P<...>')" was missing the final
5083 closing angle bracket. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the
5084 regular expression the problem was discovered.
5085 Sequence ?P=... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5087 (F) A named reference of the form "(?P=...)" was missing the final
5088 closing parenthesis after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
5089 in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5090 Sequence (?R) not terminated in regex m/%s/
5092 (F) An "(?R)" or "(?0)" sequence in a regular expression was
5093 missing the final parenthesis.
5094 500 Server error
5096 (A) This is the error message generally seen in a browser window
5097 when trying to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The
5098 actual error text varies widely from server to server. The most
5099 frequently-seen variants are "500 Server error", "Method
5100 (something) not permitted", "Document contains no data", "Premature
5101 end of script headers", and "Did not produce a valid header".
5102 This is a CGI error, not a Perl error.
5104 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by
5106 the user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the
5107 user account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment
5108 variables (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and
5109 isn't in a location where the CGI server can't find it, basically,
5110 more or less. Please see the following for more information:
5111 https://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
5113 http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html
5114 http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/
5115 You should also look at perlfaq9.
5117 setegid() not implemented
5119 (F) You tried to assign to $), and your operating system doesn't
5120 support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5121 Configure didn't think so.
5122 seteuid() not implemented
5124 (F) You tried to assign to $>, and your operating system doesn't
5125 support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5126 Configure didn't think so.
5127 setpgrp can't take arguments
5129 (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no
5130 arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and
5131 process group ID.
5132 setrgid() not implemented
5134 (F) You tried to assign to $(, and your operating system doesn't
5135 support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5136 Configure didn't think so.
5137 setruid() not implemented
5139 (F) You tried to assign to $<, and your operating system doesn't
5140 support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5141 Configure didn't think so.
5142 setsockopt() on closed socket %s
5144 (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket.
5145 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
5146 See "setsockopt" in perlfunc.
5147 Setting $/ to a reference to %s is forbidden
5149 (F) You assigned a reference to a scalar to $/ where the referenced
5150 item is not a positive integer. In older perls this appeared to
5151 work the same as setting it to "undef" but was in fact internally
5152 different, less efficient and with very bad luck could have
5153 resulted in your file being split by a stringified form of the
5154 reference.
5155 In Perl 5.20.0 this was changed so that it would be exactly the
5157 same as setting $/ to undef, with the exception that this warning
5158 would be thrown.
5159 You are recommended to change your code to set $/ to "undef"
5161 explicitly if you wish to slurp the file. As of Perl 5.28
5162 assigning $/ to a reference to an integer which isn't positive is a
5163 fatal error.
5164 Setting $/ to %s reference is forbidden
5166 (F) You tried to assign a reference to a non integer to $/. In
5167 older Perls this would have behaved similarly to setting it to a
5168 reference to a positive integer, where the integer was the address
5169 of the reference. As of Perl 5.20.0 this is a fatal error, to
5170 allow future versions of Perl to use non-integer refs for more
5171 interesting purposes.
5172 shm%s not implemented
5174 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
5175 !=~ should be !~
5177 (W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~. !=~ will be
5178 interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement)
5179 operators: probably not what you intended.
5180 /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
5182 (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a
5183 string, as in the first argument to "join". Perl will treat the
5184 true or false result of matching the pattern against $_ as the
5185 string, which is probably not what you had in mind.
5186 shutdown() on closed socket %s
5188 (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a
5189 bit superfluous.
5190 SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
5192 (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact,
5193 exist. Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
5194 Slab leaked from cv %p
5196 (S) If you see this message, then something is seriously wrong with
5197 the internal bookkeeping of op trees. An op tree needed to be
5198 freed after a compilation error, but could not be found, so it was
5199 leaked instead.
5200 sleep(%u) too large
5202 (W overflow) You called "sleep" with a number that was larger than
5203 it can reliably handle and "sleep" probably slept for less time
5204 than requested.
5205 Slurpy parameter not last
5207 (F) In a subroutine signature, you put something after a slurpy
5208 (array or hash) parameter. The slurpy parameter takes all the
5209 available arguments, so there can't be any left to fill later
5210 parameters.
5211 Smart matching a non-overloaded object breaks encapsulation
5213 (F) You should not use the "~~" operator on an object that does not
5214 overload it: Perl refuses to use the object's underlying structure
5215 for the smart match.
5216 Smartmatch is experimental
5218 (S experimental::smartmatch) This warning is emitted if you use the
5219 smartmatch ("~~") operator. This is currently an experimental
5220 feature, and its details are subject to change in future releases
5221 of Perl. Particularly, its current behavior is noticed for being
5222 unnecessarily complex and unintuitive, and is very likely to be
5223 overhauled.
5224 Sorry, hash keys must be smaller than 2**31 bytes
5226 (F) You tried to create a hash containing a very large key, where
5227 "very large" means that it needs at least 2 gigabytes to store.
5228 Unfortunately, Perl doesn't yet handle such large hash keys. You
5229 should reconsider your design to avoid hashing such a long string
5230 directly.
5231 sort is now a reserved word
5233 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into
5234 anymore. But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it
5235 as a filehandle.
5236 Source filters apply only to byte streams
5238 (F) You tried to activate a source filter (usually by loading a
5239 source filter module) within a string passed to "eval". This is
5240 not permitted under the "unicode_eval" feature. Consider using
5241 "evalbytes" instead. See feature.
5242 splice() offset past end of array
5244 (W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end
5245 of the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at
5246 the end of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you
5247 want, try explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array =
5248 $offset. See "splice" in perlfunc.
5249 Split loop
5251 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split
5252 shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input,
5253 which is what happened.) See "split" in perlfunc.
5254 Statement unlikely to be reached
5256 (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than
5257 a die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never
5258 returns unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use
5259 system() instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put
5260 the exec() in a block by itself.
5261 "state" subroutine %s can't be in a package
5263 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't
5264 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
5265 front.
5266 "state %s" used in sort comparison
5268 (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort
5269 comparisons. You used $a or $b in as an operand to the "<=>" or
5270 "cmp" operator inside a sort comparison block, and the variable had
5271 earlier been declared as a lexical variable. Either qualify the
5272 sort variable with the package name, or rename the lexical
5273 variable.
5274 "state" variable %s can't be in a package
5276 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't
5277 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
5278 front. Use local() if you want to localize a package variable.
5279 stat() on unopened filehandle %s
5281 (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle
5282 that was either never opened or has since been closed.
5283 Strings with code points over 0xFF may not be mapped into in-memory
5285 file handles
5286 (W utf8) You tried to open a reference to a scalar for read or
5287 append where the scalar contained code points over 0xFF. In-memory
5288 files model on-disk files and can only contain bytes.
5289 Stub found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
5291 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by
5292 importation stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but
5293 explicit calls to "can" may break this.
5294 Subroutine attributes must come before the signature
5296 (F) When subroutine signatures are enabled, any subroutine
5297 attributes must come before the signature. Note that this order was
5298 the opposite in versions 5.22..5.26. So:
5299 sub foo :lvalue ($a, $b) { ... } # 5.20 and 5.28 +
5301 sub foo ($a, $b) :lvalue { ... } # 5.22 .. 5.26
5302 Subroutine "&%s" is not available
5304 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval
5305 is attempting to capture an outer lexical subroutine that is not
5306 currently available. This can happen for one of two reasons.
5307 First, the lexical subroutine may be declared in an outer anonymous
5308 subroutine that has not yet been created. (Remember that named
5309 subs are created at compile time, while anonymous subs are created
5310 at run-time.) For example,
5311 sub { my sub a {...} sub f { \&a } }
5313 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current "a"
5315 sub, since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet.
5316 Conversely, the following won't give a warning since the anonymous
5317 subroutine has by now been created and is live:
5318 sub { my sub a {...} eval 'sub f { \&a }' }->();
5320 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a lexical
5322 subroutine that has gone out of scope, for example,
5323 sub f {
5325 my sub a {...}
5326 sub { eval '\&a' }
5327 }
5328 f()->();
5329 Here, when the '\&a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not
5331 currently being executed, so its &a is not available for capture.
5332 "%s" subroutine &%s masks earlier declaration in same %s
5334 (W shadow) A "my" or "state" subroutine has been redeclared in the
5335 current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to
5336 the previous instance. This is almost always a typographical
5337 error. Note that the earlier subroutine will still exist until the
5338 end of the scope or until all closure references to it are
5339 destroyed.
5340 Subroutine %s redefined
5342 (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning,
5343 say
5344 {
5346 no warnings 'redefine';
5347 eval "sub name { ... }";
5348 }
5349 Subroutine "%s" will not stay shared
5351 (W closure) An inner (nested) named subroutine is referencing a
5352 "my" subroutine defined in an outer named subroutine.
5353 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of the
5355 outer subroutine's lexical subroutine as it was before and during
5356 the *first* call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the
5357 first call to the outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer
5358 subroutines will no longer share a common value for the lexical
5359 subroutine. In other words, it will no longer be shared. This
5360 will especially make a difference if the lexical subroutines
5361 accesses lexical variables declared in its surrounding scope.
5362 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
5364 anonymous, using the "sub {}" syntax. When inner anonymous subs
5365 that reference lexical subroutines in outer subroutines are
5366 created, they are automatically rebound to the current values of
5367 such lexical subs.
5368 Substitution loop
5370 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a
5371 substitution shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters
5372 of input, which is what happened.) See the discussion of
5373 substitution in "Regexp Quote-Like Operators" in perlop.
5374 Substitution pattern not terminated
5376 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or
5377 s{}{} construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
5378 level. Missing the leading "$" from variable $s may cause this
5379 error.
5380 Substitution replacement not terminated
5382 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
5383 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
5384 level. Missing the leading "$" from variable $s may cause this
5385 error.
5386 substr outside of string
5388 (W substr)(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed
5389 outside of a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was
5390 larger than the length of the string. See "substr" in perlfunc.
5391 This warning is fatal if substr is used in an lvalue context (as
5392 the left hand side of an assignment or as a subroutine argument for
5393 example).
5394 sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d
5396 (P) Perl tried to force the upgrade of an SV to a type which was
5397 actually inferior to its current type.
5398 Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by
5400 <-- HERE in m/%s/
5401 (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at
5402 most two branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want
5403 one or both to contain alternation, such as using
5404 "this|that|other", enclose it in clustering parentheses:
5405 (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause)
5407 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5409 problem was discovered. See perlre.
5410 Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5412 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause)
5413 construct is not known. The condition must be one of the
5414 following:
5415 (1) (2) ... true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched
5417 (<NAME>) ('NAME') true if named capture matched
5418 (?=...) (?<=...) true if subpattern matches
5419 (?!...) (?<!...) true if subpattern fails to match
5420 (?{ CODE }) true if code returns a true value
5421 (R) true if evaluating inside recursion
5422 (R1) (R2) ... true if directly inside capture group 1, 2, etc.
5423 (R&NAME) true if directly inside named capture
5424 (DEFINE) always false; for defining named subpatterns
5425 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5427 problem was discovered. See perlre.
5428 Switch (?(condition)... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
5430 m/%s/
5431 (F) You omitted to close a (?(condition)...) block somewhere in the
5432 pattern. Add a closing parenthesis in the appropriate position.
5433 See perlre.
5434 switching effective %s is not implemented
5436 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, we cannot switch the
5437 real and effective uids or gids.
5438 syntax error
5440 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
5441 A keyword is misspelled.
5443 A semicolon is missing.
5444 A comma is missing.
5445 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
5446 An opening or closing brace is missing.
5447 A closing quote is missing.
5448 Often there will be another error message associated with the
5450 syntax error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn
5451 on -w.) The error message itself often tells you where it was in
5452 the line when it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is
5453 several tokens before this, because Perl is good at understanding
5454 random input. Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and
5455 once in a blue moon the only way to figure out what's triggering
5456 the error is to call "perl -c" repeatedly, chopping away half the
5457 program each time to see if the error went away. Sort of the
5458 cybernetic version of 20 questions.
5459 syntax error at line %d: '%s' unexpected
5461 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
5462 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
5463 into Perl yourself.
5464 syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s"
5466 (F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through
5467 a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use
5468 strict" or "my $var" or "our $var".
5469 Syntax error in (?[...]) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5471 (F) Perl could not figure out what you meant inside this construct;
5472 this notifies you that it is giving up trying.
5473 %s syntax OK
5475 (F) The final summary message when a "perl -c" succeeds.
5476 sysread() on closed filehandle %s
5478 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
5479 sysread() on unopened filehandle %s
5481 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never
5482 opened.
5483 System V %s is not implemented on this machine
5485 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
5486 "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your
5487 machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be
5488 unconfigured. Consult your system support.
5489 syswrite() on closed filehandle %s
5491 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
5492 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
5493 "-T" and "-B" not implemented on filehandles
5495 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it
5496 doesn't know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a
5497 filename instead.
5498 Target of goto is too deeply nested
5500 (F) You tried to use "goto" to reach a label that was too deeply
5501 nested for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
5502 telldir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
5504 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to telldir() is either closed or not
5505 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
5506 tell() on unopened filehandle
5508 (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle
5509 that was either never opened or has since been closed.
5510 The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia.
5512 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
5513 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because
5514 they think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least
5515 that they will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me
5516 on that, I will deny it.
5517 The experimental declared_refs feature is not enabled
5519 (F) To declare references to variables, as in "my \%x", you must
5520 first enable the feature:
5521 no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
5523 use feature "declared_refs";
5524 The %s function is unimplemented
5526 (F) The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture,
5527 according to the probings of Configure.
5528 The private_use feature is experimental
5530 (S experimental::private_use) This feature is actually a hook for
5531 future use.
5532 The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat
5534 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic
5535 linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already
5536 went past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual
5537 filename instead.
5538 The Unicode property wildcards feature is experimental
5540 (S experimental::uniprop_wildcards) This feature is experimental
5541 and its behavior may in any future release of perl. See "Wildcards
5542 in Property Values" in perlunicode.
5543 The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables
5545 (F) This attribute was never supported on "my" or "sub"
5546 declarations.
5547 This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
5549 This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
5550 (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or
5551 delete an element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your
5552 copy of Perl wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv()
5553 function. You'll need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or
5554 redefine PERL_ENV_TABLES (see perlvms) so that the environ array
5555 isn't the target of the change to %ENV which produced the warning.
5556 This Perl has not been built with support for randomized hash key
5558 traversal but something called Perl_hv_rand_set().
5559 (F) Something has attempted to use an internal API call which
5560 depends on Perl being compiled with the default support for
5561 randomized hash key traversal, but this Perl has been compiled
5562 without it. You should report this warning to the relevant
5563 upstream party, or recompile perl with default options.
5564 This use of my() in false conditional is no longer allowed
5566 (F) You used a declaration similar to "my $x if 0". There has been
5567 a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical variable not to
5568 be cleared at scope exit when its declaration includes a false
5569 conditional. Some people have exploited this bug to achieve a kind
5570 of static variable. Since we intend to fix this bug, we don't want
5571 people relying on this behavior. You can achieve a similar static
5572 effect by declaring the variable in a separate block outside the
5573 function, eg
5574 sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
5576 becomes
5578 { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
5580 Beginning with perl 5.10.0, you can also use "state" variables to
5582 have lexicals that are initialized only once (see feature):
5583 sub f { state $x; return $x++ }
5585 This use of "my()" in a false conditional was deprecated beginning
5587 in Perl 5.10 and became a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
5588 Timeout waiting for another thread to define \p{%s}
5590 (F) The first time a user-defined property ("User-Defined Character
5591 Properties" in perlunicode) is used, its definition is looked up
5592 and converted into an internal form for more efficient handling in
5593 subsequent uses. There could be a race if two or more threads
5594 tried to do this processing nearly simultaneously. Instead, a
5595 critical section is created around this task, locking out all but
5596 one thread from doing it. This message indicates that the thread
5597 that is doing the conversion is taking an unexpectedly long time.
5598 The timeout exists solely to prevent deadlock; it's long enough
5599 that the system was likely thrashing and about to crash. There is
5600 no real remedy but rebooting.
5601 times not implemented
5603 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I
5604 suspect you're not running on Unix.
5605 "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line
5607 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
5608 -T option (or the -t option), but Perl was not invoked with -T in
5609 its command line. This is an error because, by the time Perl
5610 discovers a -T in a script, it's too late to properly taint
5611 everything from the environment. So Perl gives up.
5612 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
5614 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be
5615 fixed by editing the #! line so that the -%c option is a part of
5616 Perl's first argument: e.g. change "perl -n -%c" to "perl -%c -n".
5617 If the Perl script is being executed as "perl scriptname", then the
5619 -%c option must appear on the command line: "perl -%c scriptname".
5620 To%s: illegal mapping '%s'
5622 (F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst,
5623 uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you
5624 specified an illegal mapping. See "User-Defined Character
5625 Properties" in perlunicode.
5626 Too deeply nested ()-groups
5628 (F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep
5629 nesting level.
5630 Too few args to syscall
5632 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify
5633 the system call to call, silly dilly.
5634 Too few arguments for subroutine '%s' (got %d; expected %d)
5636 (F) A subroutine using a signature fewer arguments than required by
5637 the signature. The caller of the subroutine is presumably at
5638 fault.
5639 The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
5641 If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
5642 will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used. It will
5643 also indicate the number of arguments given and the number
5644 expected.
5645 Too few arguments for subroutine '%s' (got %d; expected at least %d)
5647 Similar to the previous message but for subroutines that accept a
5648 variable number of arguments.
5649 Too late for "-%s" option
5651 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
5652 -M, -m or -C option.
5653 In the case of -M and -m, this is an error because those options
5655 are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the "use" pragma
5656 instead.
5657 The -C option only works if it is specified on the command line as
5659 well (with the same sequence of letters or numbers following).
5660 Either specify this option on the command line, or, if your system
5661 supports it, make your script executable and run it directly
5662 instead of passing it to perl.
5663 Too late to run %s block
5665 (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time
5666 proper, when the opportunity to run them has already passed.
5667 Perhaps you are loading a file with "require" or "do" when you
5668 should be using "use" instead. Or perhaps you should put the
5669 "require" or "do" inside a BEGIN block.
5670 Too many args to syscall
5672 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
5673 Too many arguments for %s
5675 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
5676 Too many arguments for subroutine '%s' (got %d; expected %d)
5678 (F) A subroutine using a signature received more arguments than
5679 permitted by the signature. The caller of the subroutine is
5680 presumably at fault.
5681 The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
5683 If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
5684 will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used. It will
5685 also indicate the number of arguments given and the number
5686 expected.
5687 Too many arguments for subroutine '%s' (got %d; expected at most %d)
5689 Similar to the previous message but for subroutines that accept a
5690 variable number of arguments.
5691 Too many nested open parens in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5693 (F) You have exceeded the number of open "(" parentheses that
5694 haven't been matched by corresponding closing ones. This limit
5695 prevents eating up too much memory. It is initially set to 1000,
5696 but may be changed by setting "${^RE_COMPILE_RECURSION_LIMIT}" to
5697 some other value. This may need to be done in a BEGIN block before
5698 the regular expression pattern is compiled.
5699 Too many )'s
5701 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5702 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5703 yourself.
5704 Too many ('s
5706 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5707 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5708 yourself.
5709 Trailing \ in regex m/%s/
5711 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
5712 Backslash it. See perlre.
5713 Transliteration pattern not terminated
5715 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or
5716 tr[][] or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading "$" from
5717 variables $tr or $y may cause this error.
5718 Transliteration replacement not terminated
5720 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][],
5721 y/// or y[][] construct.
5722 '%s' trapped by operation mask
5724 (F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which
5725 it's disallowed. See Safe.
5726 truncate not implemented
5728 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
5729 Configure knows about.
5730 try/catch is experimental
5732 (S experimental::try) This warning is emitted if you use the "try"
5733 and "catch" syntax. This syntax is currently experimental and its
5734 behaviour may change in future releases of Perl.
5735 try/catch/finally is experimental
5737 (S experimental::try) This warning is emitted if you use the "try"
5738 and "catch" syntax with a "finally" block. This syntax is currently
5739 experimental and its behaviour may change in future releases of
5740 Perl.
5741 Type of arg %d to &CORE::%s must be %s
5743 (F) The subroutine in question in the CORE package requires its
5744 argument to be a hard reference to data of the specified type.
5745 Overloading is ignored, so a reference to an object that is not the
5746 specified type, but nonetheless has overloading to handle it, will
5747 still not be accepted.
5748 Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
5750 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
5751 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or "@{EXPR}". Hashes must be
5752 %NAME or "%{EXPR}". No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
5753 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See perlref.
5754 umask not implemented
5756 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried
5757 to use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700).
5758 Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
5760 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5761 how many execution contexts were entered and left.
5762 Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
5764 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5765 how many values were temporarily localized.
5766 Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
5768 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5769 how many blocks were entered and left.
5770 Unbalanced string table refcount: (%d) for "%s"
5772 (S internal) On exit, Perl found some strings remaining in the
5773 shared string table used for copy on write and for hash keys. The
5774 entries should have been freed, so this indicates a bug somewhere.
5775 Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
5777 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5778 how many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
5779 Undefined format "%s" called
5781 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's
5782 really in another package? See perlform.
5783 Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
5785 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.
5786 Perhaps it's in a different package? See "sort" in perlfunc.
5787 Undefined subroutine &%s called
5789 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it
5790 has since been undefined.
5791 Undefined subroutine called
5793 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been
5794 defined, or if it was, it has since been undefined.
5795 Undefined subroutine in sort
5797 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't
5798 seem to have been defined yet. See "sort" in perlfunc.
5799 Undefined top format "%s" called
5801 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's
5802 really in another package? See perlform.
5803 Undefined value assigned to typeglob
5805 (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la "*foo
5806 = undef". This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean
5807 "undef *foo".
5808 %s: Undefined variable
5810 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5811 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5812 yourself.
5813 Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here in regex; marked by
5815 <-- HERE in m/%s/
5816 (F) The simple rule to remember, if you want to match a literal "{"
5817 character (U+007B "LEFT CURLY BRACKET") in a regular expression
5818 pattern, is to escape each literal instance of it in some way.
5819 Generally easiest is to precede it with a backslash, like "\{" or
5820 enclose it in square brackets ("[{]"). If the pattern delimiters
5821 are also braces, any matching right brace ("}") should also be
5822 escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for example,
5823 qr{abc\{def\}ghi}
5825 Forcing literal "{" characters to be escaped enables the Perl
5827 language to be extended in various ways in future releases. To
5828 avoid needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is not
5829 enforced in contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions
5830 that could conflict with the use there of "{" as a literal. Those
5831 that are not potentially ambiguous do not warn; those that are do
5832 raise a non-deprecation warning.
5833 The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are:
5835 • as the first character in a pattern, or following "^"
5837 indicating to anchor the match to the beginning of a line.
5838 • as the first character following a "|" indicating alternation.
5840 • as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like
5842 /foo({bar)/
5844 /foo(?:{bar)/
5845 • as the first character following a quantifier
5847 /\s*{/
5849 Unescaped left brace in regex is passed through in regex; marked by
5851 <-- HERE in m/%s/
5852 (W regexp) The simple rule to remember, if you want to match a
5853 literal "{" character (U+007B "LEFT CURLY BRACKET") in a regular
5854 expression pattern, is to escape each literal instance of it in
5855 some way. Generally easiest is to precede it with a backslash,
5856 like "\{" or enclose it in square brackets ("[{]"). If the pattern
5857 delimiters are also braces, any matching right brace ("}") should
5858 also be escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for example,
5859 qr{abc\{def\}ghi}
5861 Forcing literal "{" characters to be escaped enables the Perl
5863 language to be extended in various ways in future releases. To
5864 avoid needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is not
5865 enforced in contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions
5866 that could conflict with the use there of "{" as a literal. Those
5867 that are not potentially ambiguous do not warn; those that are
5868 raise this warning. This makes sure that an inadvertent typo
5869 doesn't silently cause the pattern to compile to something
5870 unintended.
5871 The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are:
5873 • as the first character in a pattern, or following "^"
5875 indicating to anchor the match to the beginning of a line.
5876 • as the first character following a "|" indicating alternation.
5878 • as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like
5880 /foo({bar)/
5882 /foo(?:{bar)/
5883 • as the first character following a quantifier
5885 /\s*{/
5887 Unescaped literal '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5889 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'")
5890 Within the scope of "use re 'strict'" in a regular expression
5892 pattern, you included an unescaped "}" or "]" which was interpreted
5893 literally. These two characters are sometimes metacharacters, and
5894 sometimes literals, depending on what precedes them in the pattern.
5895 This is unlike the similar ")" which is always a metacharacter
5896 unless escaped.
5897 This action at a distance, perhaps a large distance, can lead to
5899 Perl silently misinterpreting what you meant, so when you specify
5900 that you want extra checking by "use re 'strict'", this warning is
5901 generated. If you meant the character as a literal, simply confirm
5902 that to Perl by preceding the character with a backslash, or make
5903 it into a bracketed character class (like "[}]"). If you meant it
5904 as closing a corresponding "[" or "{", you'll need to look back
5905 through the pattern to find out why that isn't happening.
5906 unexec of %s into %s failed!
5908 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local
5909 FSF representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
5910 Unexpected binary operator '%c' with no preceding operand in regex;
5912 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5913 (F) You had something like this:
5914 (?[ | \p{Digit} ])
5916 where the "|" is a binary operator with an operand on the right,
5918 but no operand on the left.
5919 Unexpected character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5921 (F) You had something like this:
5922 (?[ z ])
5924 Within "(?[ ])", no literal characters are allowed unless they are
5926 within an inner pair of square brackets, like
5927 (?[ [ z ] ])
5929 Another possibility is that you forgot a backslash. Perl isn't
5931 smart enough to figure out what you really meant.
5932 Unexpected exit %u
5934 (S) exit() was called or the script otherwise finished gracefully
5935 when "PERL_EXIT_WARN" was set in "PL_exit_flags".
5936 Unexpected exit failure %d
5938 (S) An uncaught die() was called when "PERL_EXIT_WARN" was set in
5939 "PL_exit_flags".
5940 Unexpected ')' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5942 (F) You had something like this:
5943 (?[ ( \p{Digit} + ) ])
5945 The ")" is out-of-place. Something apparently was supposed to be
5947 combined with the digits, or the "+" shouldn't be there, or
5948 something like that. Perl can't figure out what was intended.
5949 Unexpected ']' with no following ')' in (?[... in regex; marked by <--
5951 HERE in m/%s/
5952 (F) While parsing an extended character class a ']' character was
5953 encountered at a point in the definition where the only legal use
5954 of ']' is to close the character class definition as part of a
5955 '])', you may have forgotten the close paren, or otherwise confused
5956 the parser.
5957 Unexpected '(' with no preceding operator in regex; marked by <-- HERE
5959 in m/%s/
5960 (F) You had something like this:
5961 (?[ \p{Digit} ( \p{Lao} + \p{Thai} ) ])
5963 There should be an operator before the "(", as there's no
5965 indication as to how the digits are to be combined with the
5966 characters in the Lao and Thai scripts.
5967 Unicode non-character U+%X is not recommended for open interchange
5969 (S nonchar) Certain codepoints, such as U+FFFE and U+FFFF, are
5970 defined by the Unicode standard to be non-characters. Those are
5971 legal codepoints, but are reserved for internal use; so,
5972 applications shouldn't attempt to exchange them. An application
5973 may not be expecting any of these characters at all, and receiving
5974 them may lead to bugs. If you know what you are doing you can turn
5975 off this warning by "no warnings 'nonchar';".
5976 This is not really a "severe" error, but it is supposed to be
5978 raised by default even if warnings are not enabled, and currently
5979 the only way to do that in Perl is to mark it as serious.
5980 Unicode property wildcard not terminated
5982 (F) A Unicode property wildcard looks like a delimited regular
5983 expression pattern (all within the braces of the enclosing
5984 "\p{...}". The closing delimtter to match the opening one was not
5985 found. If the opening one is escaped by preceding it with a
5986 backslash, the closing one must also be so escaped.
5987 Unicode string properties are not implemented in (?[...]) in regex;
5989 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5990 (F) A Unicode string property is one which expands to a sequence of
5991 multiple characters. An example is "\p{name=KATAKANA LETTER AINU
5992 P}", which is comprised of the sequence "\N{KATAKANA LETTER SMALL
5993 H}" followed by "\N{COMBINING KATAKANA-HIRAGANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND
5994 MARK}". Extended character classes, "(?[...])" currently cannot
5995 handle these.
5996 Unicode surrogate U+%X is illegal in UTF-8
5998 (S surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they
5999 are not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800
6000 and U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16.
6001 However, Perl internally allows all unsigned integer code points
6002 (up to the size limit available on your platform), including
6003 surrogates. But these can cause problems when being input or
6004 output, which is likely where this message came from. If you
6005 really really know what you are doing you can turn off this warning
6006 by "no warnings 'surrogate';".
6007 Unknown charname '%s'
6009 (F) The name you used inside "\N{}" is unknown to Perl. Check the
6010 spelling. You can say "use charnames ":loose"" to not have to be
6011 so precise about spaces, hyphens, and capitalization on standard
6012 Unicode names. (Any custom aliases that have been created must be
6013 specified exactly, regardless of whether ":loose" is used or not.)
6014 This error may also happen if the "\N{}" is not in the scope of the
6015 corresponding "use charnames".
6016 Unknown '(*...)' construct '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6018 (F) The "(*" was followed by something that the regular expression
6019 compiler does not recognize. Check your spelling.
6020 Unknown error
6022 (P) Perl was about to print an error message in $@, but the $@
6023 variable did not exist, even after an attempt to create it.
6024 Unknown locale category %d; can't set it to %s
6026 (W locale) You used a locale category that perl doesn't recognize,
6027 so it cannot carry out your request. Check that you are using a
6028 valid category. If so, see "Multi-threaded" in perllocale for
6029 advice on reporting this as a bug, and for modifying perl locally
6030 to accommodate your needs.
6031 Unknown open() mode '%s'
6033 (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
6034 of valid modes: "<", ">", ">>", "+<", "+>", "+>>", "-|", "|-",
6035 "<&", ">&".
6036 Unknown PerlIO layer "%s"
6038 (W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the
6039 Perl I/O system. (Layers take care of transforming data between
6040 external and internal representations.) Note that some layers,
6041 such as "mmap", are not supported in all environments. If your
6042 program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be
6043 the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
6044 Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
6046 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV
6047 before iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the
6048 stream of data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps
6049 trying to subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
6050 Unknown regexp modifier "/%s"
6052 (F) Alphanumerics immediately following the closing delimiter of a
6053 regular expression pattern are interpreted by Perl as modifier
6054 flags for the regex. One of the ones you specified is invalid.
6055 One way this can happen is if you didn't put in white space between
6056 the end of the regex and a following alphanumeric operator:
6057 if ($a =~ /foo/and $bar == 3) { ... }
6059 The "a" is a valid modifier flag, but the "n" is not, and raises
6061 this error. Likely what was meant instead was:
6062 if ($a =~ /foo/ and $bar == 3) { ... }
6064 Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)
6066 (W) You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma.
6067 Unknown switch condition (?(...)) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6069 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause)
6070 construct is not known. The condition must be one of the
6071 following:
6072 (1) (2) ... true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched
6074 (<NAME>) ('NAME') true if named capture matched
6075 (?=...) (?<=...) true if subpattern matches
6076 (*pla:...) (*plb:...) true if subpattern matches; also
6077 (*positive_lookahead:...)
6078 (*positive_lookbehind:...)
6079 (*nla:...) (*nlb:...) true if subpattern fails to match; also
6080 (*negative_lookahead:...)
6081 (*negative_lookbehind:...)
6082 (?{ CODE }) true if code returns a true value
6083 (R) true if evaluating inside recursion
6084 (R1) (R2) ... true if directly inside capture group 1, 2,
6085 etc.
6086 (R&NAME) true if directly inside named capture
6087 (DEFINE) always false; for defining named subpatterns
6088 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6090 problem was discovered. See perlre.
6091 Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'
6093 (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See perlrun
6094 documentation of the "-C" switch for the list of known options.
6095 Unknown Unicode option value %d
6097 (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See perlrun
6098 documentation of the "-C" switch for the list of known options.
6099 Unknown user-defined property name \p{%s}
6101 (F) You specified to use a property within the "\p{...}" which was
6102 a syntactically valid user-defined property, but no definition was
6103 found for it by the time one was required to proceed. Check your
6104 spelling. See "User-Defined Character Properties" in perlunicode.
6105 Unknown verb pattern '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6107 (F) You either made a typo or have incorrectly put a "*" quantifier
6108 after an open brace in your pattern. Check the pattern and review
6109 perlre for details on legal verb patterns.
6110 Unknown warnings category '%s'
6112 (F) An error issued by the "warnings" pragma. You specified a
6113 warnings category that is unknown to perl at this point.
6114 Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a
6116 module (e.g. "use warnings 'File::Find'"), you must have loaded
6117 this module first.
6118 Unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6120 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish
6121 to include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or
6122 put it first. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular
6123 expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
6124 Unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6126 Unmatched ) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6127 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
6128 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for
6129 finding the matching parenthesis. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
6130 in the regular expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
6131 Unmatched right %s bracket
6133 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than
6134 opening ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening
6135 bracket. As a general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to
6136 speak) near the place you were last editing.
6137 Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
6139 (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a
6140 reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or
6141 capitalize it somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might
6142 also declare it as a subroutine.
6143 Unrecognized character %s; marked by <-- HERE after %s near column %d
6145 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified
6146 character in your Perl script (or eval) near the specified column.
6147 Perhaps you tried to run a compressed script, a binary program, or
6148 a directory as a Perl program.
6149 Unrecognized escape \%c in character class in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6151 in m/%s/
6152 (F) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6153 recognized by Perl inside character classes. This is a fatal error
6154 when the character class is used within "(?[ ])".
6155 Unrecognized escape \%c in character class passed through in regex;
6157 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6158 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6159 recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was
6160 understood literally, but this may change in a future version of
6161 Perl. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6162 escape was discovered.
6163 Unrecognized escape \%c passed through
6165 (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6166 recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally, but
6167 this may change in a future version of Perl.
6168 Unrecognized escape \%s passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6170 m/%s/
6171 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6172 recognized by Perl. The character(s) were understood literally,
6173 but this may change in a future version of Perl. The <-- HERE
6174 shows whereabouts in the regular expression the escape was
6175 discovered.
6176 Unrecognized signal name "%s"
6178 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
6179 recognized. Say "kill -l" in your shell to see the valid signal
6180 names on your system.
6181 Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)
6183 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If
6184 you think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's
6185 supplying the bad switch on your behalf.)
6186 Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
6188 (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that
6189 operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a
6190 newline, PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See
6191 "chomp" in perlfunc.
6192 Unsupported directory function "%s" called
6194 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
6195 Unsupported function %s
6197 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function,
6198 apparently. At least, Configure doesn't think so.
6199 Unsupported function fork
6201 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
6202 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different
6204 flavors of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some
6205 not. Try changing the name you call Perl by to "perl_", "perl__",
6206 and so on.
6207 Unsupported script encoding %s
6209 (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM)
6210 which declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot
6211 read.
6212 Unsupported socket function "%s" called
6214 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or
6215 at least that's what Configure thought.
6216 Unterminated '(*...' argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6218 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*...:...)" but did not
6219 terminate the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6220 Unterminated attribute list
6222 (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the
6223 start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a
6224 block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous
6225 attribute too soon. See attributes.
6226 Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list
6228 (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while
6229 parsing an attribute list, but the matching closing (right)
6230 parenthesis character was not found. You may need to add (or
6231 remove) a backslash character to get your parentheses to balance.
6232 See attributes.
6233 Unterminated compressed integer
6235 (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER
6236 compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer.
6237 See "pack" in perlfunc.
6238 Unterminated '(*...' construct in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6240 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*...)" but did not terminate
6241 the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6242 Unterminated delimiter for here document
6244 (F) This message occurs when a here document label has an initial
6245 quotation mark but the final quotation mark is missing. Perhaps
6246 you wrote:
6247 <<"foo
6249 instead of:
6251 <<"foo"
6253 Unterminated \g... pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6255 Unterminated \g{...} pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6256 (F) In a regular expression, you had a "\g" that wasn't followed by
6257 a proper group reference. In the case of "\g{", the closing brace
6258 is missing; otherwise the "\g" must be followed by an integer. Fix
6259 the pattern and retry.
6260 Unterminated <> operator
6262 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was
6263 expecting a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle
6264 bracket, and not finding it. Chances are you left some needed
6265 parentheses out earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
6266 than".
6267 Unterminated verb pattern argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6269 m/%s/
6270 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*VERB:ARG)" but did not
6271 terminate the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6272 Unterminated verb pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6274 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*VERB)" but did not terminate
6275 the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6276 untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
6278 (W untie) A copy of the object returned from "tie" (or "tied") was
6279 still valid when "untie" was called.
6280 Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)
6282 (F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments. See
6283 "FUNCTIONS" in POSIX for more information.
6284 Usage: Win32::%s(%s)
6286 (F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments. See
6287 Win32 for more information.
6288 $[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)
6290 (W syntax) You used $[ in a comparison, such as:
6291 if ($[ > 5.006) {
6293 ...
6294 }
6295 You probably meant to use $] instead. $[ is the base for indexing
6297 arrays. $] is the Perl version number in decimal.
6298 Use "%s" instead of "%s"
6300 (F) The second listed construct is no longer legal. Use the first
6301 one instead.
6302 Useless assignment to a temporary
6304 (W misc) You assigned to an lvalue subroutine, but what the
6305 subroutine returned was a temporary scalar about to be discarded,
6306 so the assignment had no effect.
6307 Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6309 m/%s/
6310 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that
6311 has no meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:
6312 if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... }
6314 must be written as
6316 if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }
6318 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6320 problem was discovered. See perlre.
6321 Useless localization of %s
6323 (W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as "local($x=10)" is
6324 legal, but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may
6325 change at some point in the future, but in the meantime such code
6326 is discouraged.
6327 Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6329 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has
6330 no meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
6331 if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
6333 must be written as
6335 if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
6337 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6339 problem was discovered. See perlre.
6340 Useless use of attribute "const"
6342 (W misc) The "const" attribute has no effect except on anonymous
6343 closure prototypes. You applied it to a subroutine via
6344 attributes.pm. This is only useful inside an attribute handler for
6345 an anonymous subroutine.
6346 Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator
6348 (W misc) You have used the /d modifier where the searchlist has the
6349 same length as the replacelist. See perlop for more information
6350 about the /d modifier.
6351 Useless use of \E
6353 (W misc) You have a \E in a double-quotish string without a "\U",
6354 "\L" or "\Q" preceding it.
6355 Useless use of greediness modifier '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6357 m/%s/
6358 (W regexp) You specified something like these:
6359 qr/a{3}?/
6361 qr/b{1,1}+/
6362 The "?" and "+" don't have any effect, as they modify whether to
6364 match more or fewer when there is a choice, and by specifying to
6365 match exactly a given number, there is no room left for a choice.
6366 Useless use of %s in scalar context
6368 (W scalar) You did something whose only interesting return value is
6369 a list without a side effect in scalar context, which does not
6370 accept a list.
6371 For example
6373 my $x = sort @y;
6375 This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away.
6377 Useless use of %s in void context
6379 (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that
6380 does nothing with the return value, such as a statement that
6381 doesn't return a value from a block, or the left side of a scalar
6382 comma operator. Very often this points not to stupidity on your
6383 part, but a failure of Perl to parse your program the way you
6384 thought it would. For example, you'd get this if you mixed up your
6385 C precedence with Python precedence and said
6386 $one, $two = 1, 2;
6388 when you meant to say
6390 ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
6392 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a
6394 list reference when you should be using square or curly brackets,
6395 for example, if you say
6396 $array = (1,2);
6398 when you should have said
6400 $array = [1,2];
6402 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar
6404 value, while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is
6405 evaluated in a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma
6406 operator, which throws away the left argument, which is not what
6407 you want. See perlref for more on this.
6408 This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0
6410 or 1 since they are often used in statements like
6411 1 while sub_with_side_effects();
6413 String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned
6415 about.
6416 Useless use of (?-p) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6418 (W regexp) The "p" modifier cannot be turned off once set. Trying
6419 to do so is futile.
6420 Useless use of "re" pragma
6422 (W) You did "use re;" without any arguments. That isn't very
6423 useful.
6424 Useless use of %s with no values
6426 (W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no
6427 arguments apart from the array, like "push(@x)" or "unshift(@foo)".
6428 That won't usually have any effect on the array, so is completely
6429 useless. It's possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could
6430 have some effect if the array is tied to a class which implements a
6431 PUSH method. If so, you can write it as "push(@tied_array,())" to
6432 avoid this warning.
6433 "use" not allowed in expression
6435 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time,
6436 and returns no useful value. See perlmod.
6437 Use of @_ in %s with signatured subroutine is experimental
6439 (S experimental::args_array_with_signatures) An expression
6440 involving the @_ arguments array was found in a subroutine that
6441 uses a signature. This is experimental because the interaction
6442 between the arguments array and parameter handling via signatures
6443 is not guaranteed to remain stable in any future version of Perl,
6444 and such code should be avoided.
6445 Use of bare << to mean <<"" is forbidden
6447 (F) You are now required to use the explicitly quoted form if you
6448 wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
6449 Use of a bare terminator was deprecated in Perl 5.000, and is a
6451 fatal error as of Perl 5.28.
6452 Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///
6454 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c
6455 modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions.
6456 Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g
6458 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but
6459 didn't use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when
6460 /g is used. (This may change in the future.)
6461 Use of code point 0x%s is not allowed; the permissible max is 0x%X
6463 Use of code point 0x%s is not allowed; the permissible max is 0x%X in
6464 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6465 (F) You used a code point that is not allowed, because it is too
6466 large. Unicode only allows code points up to 0x10FFFF, but Perl
6467 allows much larger ones. Earlier versions of Perl allowed code
6468 points above IV_MAX (0x7FFFFFF on 32-bit platforms,
6469 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF on 64-bit platforms), however, this could
6470 possibly break the perl interpreter in some constructs, including
6471 causing it to hang in a few cases.
6472 If your code is to run on various platforms, keep in mind that the
6474 upper limit depends on the platform. It is much larger on 64-bit
6475 word sizes than 32-bit ones.
6476 The use of out of range code points was deprecated in Perl 5.24,
6478 and became a fatal error in Perl 5.28.
6479 Use of each() on hash after insertion without resetting hash iterator
6481 results in undefined behavior
6482 (S internal) The behavior of "each()" after insertion is undefined;
6483 it may skip items, or visit items more than once. Consider using
6484 "keys()" instead of "each()".
6485 Use of := for an empty attribute list is not allowed
6487 (F) The construction "my $x := 42" used to parse as equivalent to
6488 "my $x : = 42" (applying an empty attribute list to $x). This
6489 construct was deprecated in 5.12.0, and has now been made a syntax
6490 error, so ":=" can be reclaimed as a new operator in the future.
6491 If you need an empty attribute list, for example in a code
6493 generator, add a space before the "=".
6494 Use of %s for non-UTF-8 locale is wrong. Assuming a UTF-8 locale
6496 (W locale) You are matching a regular expression using locale
6497 rules, and the specified construct was encountered. This construct
6498 is only valid for UTF-8 locales, which the current locale isn't.
6499 This doesn't make sense. Perl will continue, assuming a Unicode
6500 (UTF-8) locale, but the results are likely to be wrong.
6501 Use of freed value in iteration
6503 (F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop? This
6504 error is typically caused by code like the following:
6505 @a = (3,4);
6507 @a = () for (1,2,@a);
6508 You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated
6510 over. For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not
6511 do full reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such
6512 an item in the middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed
6513 value.
6514 Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split
6516 (W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a "split"
6517 operator. Since "split" always tries to match the pattern
6518 repeatedly, the "/g" has no effect.
6519 Use of "goto" to jump into a construct is deprecated
6521 (D deprecated) Using "goto" to jump from an outer scope into an
6522 inner scope is deprecated and should be avoided.
6523 This was deprecated in Perl 5.12.
6525 Use of '%s' in \p{} or \P{} is deprecated because: %s
6527 (D deprecated) Certain properties are deprecated by Unicode, and
6528 may eventually be removed from the Standard, at which time Perl
6529 will follow along. In the meantime, this message is raised to
6530 notify you.
6531 Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%s() is no longer allowed
6533 (F) As an accidental feature, "AUTOLOAD" subroutines were looked up
6534 as methods (using the @ISA hierarchy), even when the subroutines to
6535 be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g. "Foo::bar()"),
6536 not as methods (e.g. "Foo->bar()" or "$obj->bar()").
6537 This was deprecated in Perl 5.004, and was made fatal in Perl 5.28.
6539 Use of %s in printf format not supported
6541 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible
6542 from only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in
6543 Perl.
6544 Use of '%s' is deprecated as a string delimiter
6546 (D deprecated) You used the given character as a starting delimiter
6547 of a string outside the scope of
6548 "use feature 'extra_paired_delimiters'". This character is the
6549 mirror image of another Unicode character; within the scope of that
6550 feature, the two are considered a pair for delimitting strings. It
6551 is planned to make that feature the default, at which point this
6552 usage would become illegal; hence this warning.
6553 For now, you may live with this warning, or turn it off, but this
6555 code will no longer compile in a future version of Perl. Or you
6556 can turn on "use feature 'extra_paired_delimiters'" and use the
6557 character that is the mirror image of this one for the closing
6558 string delimiter.
6559 Use of '%s' is experimental as a string delimiter
6561 (S experimental::extra_paired_delimiters) This warning is emitted
6562 if you use as a string delimiter one of the non-ASCII mirror image
6563 ones enabled by "use feature 'extra_paired_delimiters'". Simply
6564 suppress the warning if you want to use the feature, but know that
6565 in doing so you are taking the risk of using an experimental
6566 feature which may change or be removed in a future Perl version:
6567 Use of %s is not allowed in Unicode property wildcard subpatterns in
6569 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6570 (F) You were using a wildcard subpattern a Unicode property value,
6571 and the subpattern contained something that is illegal. Not all
6572 regular expression capabilities are legal in such subpatterns, and
6573 this is one. Rewrite your subppattern to not use the offending
6574 construct. See "Wildcards in Property Values" in perlunicode.
6575 Use of -l on filehandle%s
6577 (W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened
6578 the file it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying
6579 to look for. The operation returned "undef". Use a filename
6580 instead.
6581 Use of reference "%s" as array index
6583 (W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this
6584 probably isn't what you mean, because references in numerical
6585 context tend to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates
6586 programmer error.
6587 If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like
6589 so: $array[0+$ref]. This warning is not given for overloaded
6590 objects, however, because you can overload the numification and
6591 stringification operators and then you presumably know what you are
6592 doing.
6593 Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to %s operator
6595 is not allowed
6596 (F) You tried to use one of the string bitwise operators ("&" or
6597 "|" or "^" or "~") on a string containing a code point over 0xFF.
6598 The string bitwise operators treat their operands as strings of
6599 bytes, and values beyond 0xFF are nonsensical in this context.
6600 Certain instances became fatal in Perl 5.28; others in perl 5.32.
6602 Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to vec is
6604 forbidden
6605 (F) You tried to use "vec" on a string containing a code point over
6606 0xFF, which is nonsensical here.
6607 This became fatal in Perl 5.32.
6609 Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated
6611 (W taint, deprecated) You have supplied "system()" or "exec()" with
6612 multiple arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used
6613 to be allowed but will become a fatal error in a future version of
6614 perl. Untaint your arguments. See perlsec.
6615 Use of unassigned code point or non-standalone grapheme for a delimiter
6617 is not allowed
6618 (F) A grapheme is what appears to a native-speaker of a language to
6619 be a character. In Unicode (and hence Perl) a grapheme may
6620 actually be several adjacent characters that together form a
6621 complete grapheme. For example, there can be a base character,
6622 like "R" and an accent, like a circumflex "^", that appear when
6623 displayed to be a single character with the circumflex hovering
6624 over the "R". Perl currently allows things like that circumflex to
6625 be delimiters of strings, patterns, etc. When displayed, the
6626 circumflex would look like it belongs to the character just to the
6627 left of it. In order to move the language to be able to accept
6628 graphemes as delimiters, we cannot allow the use of delimiters
6629 which aren't graphemes by themselves. Also, a delimiter must
6630 already be assigned (or known to be never going to be assigned) to
6631 try to future-proof code, for otherwise code that works today would
6632 fail to compile if the currently unassigned delimiter ends up being
6633 something that isn't a stand-alone grapheme. Because Unicode is
6634 never going to assign non-character code points, nor code points
6635 that are above the legal Unicode maximum, those can be delimiters,
6636 and their use is legal.
6637 Use of uninitialized value%s
6639 (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already
6640 defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a
6641 mistake. To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your
6642 variables.
6643 To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell
6645 you the name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some
6646 cases it cannot do this, so it also tells you what operation you
6647 used the undefined value in. Note, however, that perl optimizes
6648 your program and the operation displayed in the warning may not
6649 necessarily appear literally in your program. For example, "that
6650 $foo" is usually optimized into ""that " . $foo", and the warning
6651 will refer to the "concatenation (.)" operator, even though there
6652 is no "." in your program.
6653 "use re 'strict'" is experimental
6655 (S experimental::re_strict) The things that are different when a
6656 regular expression pattern is compiled under 'strict' are subject
6657 to change in future Perl releases in incompatible ways. This means
6658 that a pattern that compiles today may not in a future Perl
6659 release. This warning is to alert you to that risk.
6660 Use \x{...} for more than two hex characters in regex; marked by
6662 <-- HERE in m/%s/
6663 (F) In a regular expression, you said something like
6664 (?[ [ \xBEEF ] ])
6666 Perl isn't sure if you meant this
6668 (?[ [ \x{BEEF} ] ])
6670 or if you meant this
6672 (?[ [ \x{BE} E F ] ])
6674 You need to add either braces or blanks to disambiguate.
6676 Using just the first character returned by \N{} in character class in
6678 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6679 (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes "(\N{...})" may return a
6680 multi-character sequence. Even though a character class is
6681 supposed to match just one character of input, perl will match the
6682 whole thing correctly, except when the class is inverted
6683 ("[^...]"), or the escape is the beginning or final end point of a
6684 range. For these, what should happen isn't clear at all. In these
6685 circumstances, Perl discards all but the first character of the
6686 returned sequence, which is not likely what you want.
6687 Using just the single character results returned by \p{} in (?[...]) in
6689 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6690 (W regexp) Extended character classes currently cannot handle
6691 operands that evaluate to more than one character. These are
6692 removed from the results of the expansion of the "\p{}".
6693 This situation can happen, for example, in
6695 (?[ \p{name=/KATAKANA/} ])
6697 "KATAKANA LETTER AINU P" is a legal Unicode name (technically a
6699 "named sequence"), but it is actually two characters. The above
6700 expression with match only the Unicode names containing KATAKANA
6701 that represent single characters.
6702 Using /u for '%s' instead of /%s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6704 (W regexp) You used a Unicode boundary ("\b{...}" or "\B{...}") in
6705 a portion of a regular expression where the character set modifiers
6706 "/a" or "/aa" are in effect. These two modifiers indicate an ASCII
6707 interpretation, and this doesn't make sense for a Unicode
6708 definition. The generated regular expression will compile so that
6709 the boundary uses all of Unicode. No other portion of the regular
6710 expression is affected.
6711 Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense
6713 (F) Using the "!~" operator with "s///r", "tr///r" or "y///r" is
6714 currently reserved for future use, as the exact behavior has not
6715 been decided. (Simply returning the boolean opposite of the
6716 modified string is usually not particularly useful.)
6717 UTF-16 surrogate U+%X
6719 (S surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they
6720 are not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800
6721 and U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16.
6722 However, Perl internally allows all unsigned integer code points
6723 (up to the size limit available on your platform), including
6724 surrogates. But these can cause problems when being input or
6725 output, which is likely where this message came from. If you
6726 really really know what you are doing you can turn off this warning
6727 by "no warnings 'surrogate';".
6728 Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
6730 (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*>
6731 (glob), "each()", or "readdir()" as a boolean value. Each of these
6732 constructs can return a value of "0"; that would make the
6733 conditional expression false, which is probably not what you
6734 intended. When using these constructs in conditional expressions,
6735 test their values with the "defined" operator.
6736 Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long
6738 (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value
6739 of an %ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant
6740 string longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been
6741 truncated to 1024 characters.
6742 Variable "%s" is not available
6744 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval
6745 is attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently
6746 available. This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the
6747 outer lexical may be declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that
6748 has not yet been created. (Remember that named subs are created at
6749 compile time, while anonymous subs are created at run-time.) For
6750 example,
6751 sub { my $a; sub f { $a } }
6753 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value
6755 of $a, since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet.
6756 Conversely, the following won't give a warning since the anonymous
6757 subroutine has by now been created and is live:
6758 sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->();
6760 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that
6762 has gone out of scope, for example,
6763 sub f {
6765 my $a;
6766 sub { eval '$a' }
6767 }
6768 f()->();
6769 Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not
6771 currently being executed, so its $a is not available for capture.
6772 Variable "%s" is not imported%s
6774 (S misc) With "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global
6775 variable that you apparently thought was imported from another
6776 module, because something else of the same name (usually a
6777 subroutine) is exported by that module. It usually means you put
6778 the wrong funny character on the front of your variable. It is also
6779 possible you used an "our" variable whose scope has ended.
6780 Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex m/%s/
6782 (F) This message no longer should be raised as of Perl 5.30. It is
6783 retained in this document as a convenience for people using an
6784 earlier Perl version.
6785 In Perl 5.30 and earlier, lookbehind is allowed only for
6787 subexpressions whose length is fixed and known at compile time.
6788 For positive lookbehind, you can use the "\K" regex construct as a
6789 way to get the equivalent functionality. See (?<=pattern) and \K
6790 in perlre.
6791 Starting in Perl 5.18, there are non-obvious Unicode rules under
6793 "/i" that can match variably, but which you might not think could.
6794 For example, the substring "ss" can match the single character
6795 LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S. Here's a complete list of the current
6796 ones affecting ASCII characters:
6797 ASCII
6799 sequence Matches single letter under /i
6800 FF U+FB00 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FF
6801 FFI U+FB03 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFI
6802 FFL U+FB04 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFL
6803 FI U+FB01 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FI
6804 FL U+FB02 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FL
6805 SS U+00DF LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S
6806 U+1E9E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S
6807 ST U+FB06 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE ST
6808 U+FB05 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE LONG S T
6809 This list is subject to change, but is quite unlikely to. Each
6811 ASCII sequence can be any combination of upper- and lowercase.
6812 You can avoid this by using a bracketed character class in the
6814 lookbehind assertion, like
6815 (?<![sS]t)
6817 (?<![fF]f[iI])
6818 This fools Perl into not matching the ligatures.
6820 Another option for Perls starting with 5.16, if you only care about
6822 ASCII matches, is to add the "/aa" modifier to the regex. This
6823 will exclude all these non-obvious matches, thus getting rid of
6824 this message. You can also say
6825 use if $] ge 5.016, re => '/aa';
6827 to apply "/aa" to all regular expressions compiled within its
6829 scope. See re.
6830 Variable length positive lookbehind with capturing is experimental in
6832 regex m/%s/
6833 (W) Variable length positive lookbehind with capturing is not well
6834 defined. This warning alerts you to the fact that you are using a
6835 construct which may change in a future version of perl. See the
6836 documentation of Positive Lookbehind in perlre for details. You may
6837 silence this warning with the following:
6838 no warnings 'experimental::vlb';
6840 Variable length negative lookbehind with capturing is experimental in
6842 regex m/%s/
6843 (W) Variable length negative lookbehind with capturing is not well
6844 defined. This warning alerts you to the fact that you are using a
6845 construct which may change in a future version of perl. See the
6846 documentation of Negative Lookbehind in perlre for details. You may
6847 silence this warning with the following:
6848 no warnings 'experimental::vlb';
6850 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
6852 (W shadow) A "my", "our" or "state" variable has been redeclared in
6853 the current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access
6854 to the previous instance. This is almost always a typographical
6855 error. Note that the earlier variable will still exist until the
6856 end of the scope or until all closure references to it are
6857 destroyed.
6858 Variable syntax
6860 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
6861 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
6862 yourself.
6863 Variable "%s" will not stay shared
6865 (W closure) An inner (nested) named subroutine is referencing a
6866 lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine.
6867 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of the
6869 outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
6870 call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to
6871 the outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines
6872 will no longer share a common value for the variable. In other
6873 words, the variable will no longer be shared.
6874 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
6876 anonymous, using the "sub {}" syntax. When inner anonymous subs
6877 that reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they are
6878 automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
6879 vector argument not supported with alpha versions
6881 (S printf) The %vd (s)printf format does not support version
6882 objects with alpha parts.
6883 Verb pattern '%s' has a mandatory argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6885 in m/%s/
6886 (F) You used a verb pattern that requires an argument. Supply an
6887 argument or check that you are using the right verb.
6888 Verb pattern '%s' may not have an argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6890 in m/%s/
6891 (F) You used a verb pattern that is not allowed an argument.
6892 Remove the argument or check that you are using the right verb.
6893 Version control conflict marker
6895 (F) The parser found a line starting with "<<<<<<<", ">>>>>>>", or
6896 "=======". These may be left by a version control system to mark
6897 conflicts after a failed merge operation.
6898 Version number must be a constant number
6900 (P) The attempt to translate a "use Module n.n LIST" statement into
6901 its equivalent "BEGIN" block found an internal inconsistency with
6902 the version number.
6903 Version string '%s' contains invalid data; ignoring: '%s'
6905 (W misc) The version string contains invalid characters at the end,
6906 which are being ignored.
6907 Warning: something's wrong
6909 (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of "warn """)
6910 or you called it with no args and $@ was empty.
6911 Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
6913 (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication
6914 on the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of
6915 disk space.
6916 Warning: unable to close filehandle properly: %s
6918 Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly: %s
6919 (S io) There were errors during the implicit close() done on a
6920 filehandle when its reference count reached zero while it was still
6921 open, e.g.:
6922 {
6924 open my $fh, '>', $file or die "open: '$file': $!\n";
6925 print $fh $data or die "print: $!";
6926 } # implicit close here
6927 Because various errors may only be detected by close() (e.g.
6929 buffering could allow the "print" in this example to return true
6930 even when the disk is full), it is dangerous to ignore its result.
6931 So when it happens implicitly, perl will signal errors by warning.
6932 Prior to version 5.22.0, perl ignored such errors, so the common
6934 idiom shown above was liable to cause silent data loss.
6935 Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
6937 (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that
6938 looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted
6939 as a term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the
6940 rand function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
6941 rand + 5;
6943 you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
6945 rand() + 5;
6947 but in actual fact, you got
6949 rand(+5);
6951 So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
6953 when is experimental
6955 (S experimental::smartmatch) "when" depends on smartmatch, which is
6956 experimental. Additionally, it has several special cases that may
6957 not be immediately obvious, and their behavior may change or even
6958 be removed in any future release of perl. See the explanation
6959 under "Experimental Details on given and when" in perlsyn.
6960 Wide character in %s
6962 (S utf8) Perl met a wide character (ordinal >255) when it wasn't
6963 expecting one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print).
6964 If this warning does come from I/O, the easiest way to quiet it is
6966 simply to add the ":utf8" layer, e.g., "binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'".
6967 Another way to turn off the warning is to add "no warnings 'utf8';"
6968 but that is often closer to cheating. In general, you are supposed
6969 to explicitly mark the filehandle with an encoding, see open and
6970 "binmode" in perlfunc.
6971 If the warning comes from other than I/O, this diagnostic probably
6973 indicates that incorrect results are being obtained. You should
6974 examine your code to determine how a wide character is getting to
6975 an operation that doesn't handle them.
6976 Wide character (U+%X) in %s
6978 (W locale) While in a single-byte locale (i.e., a non-UTF-8 one), a
6979 multi-byte character was encountered. Perl considers this
6980 character to be the specified Unicode code point. Combining
6981 non-UTF-8 locales and Unicode is dangerous. Almost certainly some
6982 characters will have two different representations. For example,
6983 in the ISO 8859-7 (Greek) locale, the code point 0xC3 represents a
6984 Capital Gamma. But so also does 0x393. This will make string
6985 comparisons unreliable.
6986 You likely need to figure out how this multi-byte character got
6988 mixed up with your single-byte locale (or perhaps you thought you
6989 had a UTF-8 locale, but Perl disagrees).
6990 Within []-length '%c' not allowed
6992 (F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by
6993 "[TEMPLATE]" only if "TEMPLATE" always matches the same amount of
6994 packed bytes that can be determined from the template alone. This
6995 is not possible if it contains any of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a
6996 *-length. Redesign the template.
6997 While trying to resolve method call %s->%s() can not locate package
6999 "%s" yet it is mentioned in @%s::ISA (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?)
7000 (W syntax) It is possible that the @ISA contains a misspelled or
7001 never loaded package name, which can result in perl choosing an
7002 unexpected parent class's method to resolve the method call. If
7003 this is deliberate you can do something like
7004 @Missing::Package::ISA = ();
7006 to silence the warnings, otherwise you should correct the package
7008 name, or ensure that the package is loaded prior to the method
7009 call.
7010 %s() with negative argument
7012 (S misc) Certain operations make no sense with negative arguments.
7013 Warning is given and the operation is not done.
7014 write() on closed filehandle %s
7016 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
7017 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
7018 %s "\x%X" does not map to Unicode
7020 (S utf8) When reading in different encodings, Perl tries to map
7021 everything into Unicode characters. The bytes you read in are not
7022 legal in this encoding. For example
7023 utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode
7025 if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8.
7027 'X' outside of string
7029 (F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position
7030 before the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See "pack" in
7031 perlfunc.
7032 'x' outside of string in unpack
7034 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position
7035 after the end of the string being unpacked. See "pack" in
7036 perlfunc.
7037 YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
7039 (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have
7040 the sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a
7041 rip about what you want. There is a vulnerability anywhere that
7042 you have a set-id script, and to close it you need to remove the
7043 set-id bit from the script that you're attempting to run. To
7044 actually run the script set-id, your best bet is to put a set-id C
7045 wrapper around your script.
7046 You need to quote "%s"
7048 (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
7049 Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared,
7050 which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the
7051 assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If
7052 it IS what you want, put an & in front.)
7053 Your random numbers are not that random
7055 (F) When trying to initialize the random seed for hashes, Perl
7056 could not get any randomness out of your system. This usually
7057 indicates Something Very Wrong.
7058 Zero length \N{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
7060 (F) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a zero-
7061 length sequence. Such an escape was used in an extended character
7062 class, i.e. "(?[...])", or under "use re 'strict'", which is not
7063 permitted. Check that the correct escape has been used, and the
7064 correct charnames handler is in scope. The <-- HERE shows
7065 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
7066
7068 warnings, diagnostics.
7069perl v5.36.0 2022-08-30 PERLDIAG(1)