1PERLDIAG(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLDIAG(1)
2
6 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7
9 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10 desperation):
11 (W) A warning (optional).
13 (D) A deprecation (enabled by default).
14 (S) A severe warning (enabled by default).
15 (F) A fatal error (trappable).
16 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
17 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
18 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
19 The majority of messages from the first three classifications above (W,
21 D & S) can be controlled using the "warnings" pragma.
22 If a message can be controlled by the "warnings" pragma, its warning
24 category is included with the classification letter in the description
25 below. E.g. "(W closed)" means a warning in the "closed" category.
26 Optional warnings are enabled by using the "warnings" pragma or the -w
28 and -W switches. Warnings may be captured by setting $SIG{__WARN__} to
29 a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead of
30 printing it. See perlvar.
31 Severe warnings are always enabled, unless they are explicitly disabled
33 with the "warnings" pragma or the -X switch.
34 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See "eval" in
36 perlfunc. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively disabled or
37 promoted to fatal errors using the "warnings" pragma. See warnings.
38 The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or
40 lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are
41 denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are
42 ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than
43 letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a
44 letter.
45 accept() on closed socket %s
47 (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you
48 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
49 "accept" in perlfunc.
50 Aliasing via reference is experimental
52 (S experimental::refaliasing) This warning is emitted if you use a
53 reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment to
54 alias one variable to another. Simply suppress the warning if you
55 want to use the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking
56 the risk of using an experimental feature which may change or be
57 removed in a future Perl version:
58 no warnings "experimental::refaliasing";
60 use feature "refaliasing";
61 \$x = \$y;
62 Allocation too large: %x
64 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
65 '%c' allowed only after types %s in %s
67 (F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or
68 unpack() only after certain types. See "pack" in perlfunc.
69 alpha->numify() is lossy
71 (W numeric) An alpha version can not be numified without losing
72 information.
73 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
75 (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a
76 Perl keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for
77 calling one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because
78 the subroutine is not imported.
79 To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an
81 ampersand before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its
82 package. Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend
83 that it's imported with the "use subs" pragma).
84 To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the "CORE::"
86 prefix on the operator (e.g. "CORE::log($x)") or declare the
87 subroutine to be an object method (see "Subroutine Attributes" in
88 perlsub or attributes).
89 Ambiguous range in transliteration operator
91 (F) You wrote something like "tr/a-z-0//" which doesn't mean
92 anything at all. To include a "-" character in a transliteration,
93 put it either first or last. (In the past, "tr/a-z-0//" was
94 synonymous with "tr/a-y//", which was probably not what you would
95 have expected.)
96 Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
98 (S ambiguous) You said something that may not be interpreted the
99 way you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by
100 supplying a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or
101 declaration.
102 Ambiguous use of -%s resolved as -&%s()
104 (S ambiguous) You wrote something like "-foo", which might be the
105 string "-foo", or a call to the function "foo", negated. If you
106 meant the string, just write "-foo". If you meant the function
107 call, write "-foo()".
108 Ambiguous use of %c resolved as operator %c
110 (S ambiguous) "%", "&", and "*" are both infix operators (modulus,
111 bitwise and, and multiplication) and initial special characters
112 (denoting hashes, subroutines and typeglobs), and you said
113 something like "*foo * foo" that might be interpreted as either of
114 them. We assumed you meant the infix operator, but please try to
115 make it more clear -- in the example given, you might write "*foo *
116 foo()" if you really meant to multiply a glob by the result of
117 calling a function.
118 Ambiguous use of %c{%s} resolved to %c%s
120 (W ambiguous) You wrote something like "@{foo}", which might be
121 asking for the variable @foo, or it might be calling a function
122 named foo, and dereferencing it as an array reference. If you
123 wanted the variable, you can just write @foo. If you wanted to
124 call the function, write "@{foo()}" ... or you could just not have
125 a variable and a function with the same name, and save yourself a
126 lot of trouble.
127 Ambiguous use of %c{%s[...]} resolved to %c%s[...]
129 Ambiguous use of %c{%s{...}} resolved to %c%s{...}
130 (W ambiguous) You wrote something like "${foo[2]}" (where foo
131 represents the name of a Perl keyword), which might be looking for
132 element number 2 of the array named @foo, in which case please
133 write $foo[2], or you might have meant to pass an anonymous
134 arrayref to the function named foo, and then do a scalar deref on
135 the value it returns. If you meant that, write "${foo([2])}".
136 In regular expressions, the "${foo[2]}" syntax is sometimes
138 necessary to disambiguate between array subscripts and character
139 classes. "/$length[2345]/", for instance, will be interpreted as
140 $length followed by the character class "[2345]". If an array
141 subscript is what you want, you can avoid the warning by changing
142 "/${length[2345]}/" to the unsightly "/${\$length[2345]}/", by
143 renaming your array to something that does not coincide with a
144 built-in keyword, or by simply turning off warnings with "no
145 warnings 'ambiguous';".
146 '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
148 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
149 redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also
150 tried to redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a
151 customer, please.
152 '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
154 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
155 redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file
156 and into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the
157 other, though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or
158 Perl script which 'splits' output into two streams, such as
159 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
161 while (<STDIN>) {
162 print;
163 print OUT;
164 }
165 close OUT;
166 Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
168 (W misc) The pattern match ("//"), substitution ("s///"), and
169 transliteration ("tr///") operators work on scalar values. If you
170 apply one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array
171 or hash to a scalar value (the length of an array, or the
172 population info of a hash) and then work on that scalar value.
173 This is probably not what you meant to do. See "grep" in perlfunc
174 and "map" in perlfunc for alternatives.
175 Arg too short for msgsnd
177 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
178 Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
180 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an
181 operator that expected a numeric value instead. If you're
182 fortunate the message will identify which operator was so
183 unfortunate.
184 Note that for the "Inf" and "NaN" (infinity and not-a-number) the
186 definition of "numeric" is somewhat unusual: the strings themselves
187 (like "Inf") are considered numeric, and anything following them is
188 considered non-numeric.
189 Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s"
191 (W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O
192 system you forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers
193 take care of transforming data between external and internal
194 representations.) Perl stopped parsing the layer list at this
195 point and did not attempt to push this layer. If your program
196 didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the
197 result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
198 Argument "%s" treated as 0 in increment (++)
200 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to the "++"
201 operator which expects either a number or a string matching
202 "/^[a-zA-Z]*[0-9]*\z/". See "Auto-increment and Auto-decrement" in
203 perlop for details.
204 Array passed to stat will be coerced to a scalar%s
206 (W syntax) You called stat() on an array, but the array will be
207 coerced to a scalar - the number of elements in the array.
208 A signature parameter must start with '$', '@' or '%'
210 (F) Each subroutine signature parameter declaration must start with
211 a valid sigil; for example:
212 sub foo ($a, $, $b = 1, @c) {}
214 A slurpy parameter may not have a default value
216 (F) Only scalar subroutine signature parameters may have a default
217 value; for example:
218 sub foo ($a = 1) {} # legal
220 sub foo (@a = (1)) {} # invalid
221 sub foo (%a = (a => b)) {} # invalid
222 assertion botched: %s
224 (X) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal
225 failure.
226 Assertion %s failed: file "%s", line %d
228 (X) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be
229 examined.
230 Assigned value is not a reference
232 (F) You tried to assign something that was not a reference to an
233 lvalue reference (e.g., "\$x = $y"). If you meant to make $x an
234 alias to $y, use "\$x = \$y".
235 Assigned value is not %s reference
237 (F) You tried to assign a reference to a reference constructor, but
238 the two references were not of the same type. You cannot alias a
239 scalar to an array, or an array to a hash; the two types must
240 match.
241 \$x = \@y; # error
243 \@x = \%y; # error
244 $y = [];
245 \$x = $y; # error; did you mean \$y?
246 Assigning non-zero to $[ is no longer possible
248 (F) When the "array_base" feature is disabled (e.g., and under "use
249 v5.16;", and as of Perl 5.30) the special variable $[, which is
250 deprecated, is now a fixed zero value.
251 Assignment to both a list and a scalar
253 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd
254 arguments must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise
255 Perl won't know which context to supply to the right side.
256 Assuming NOT a POSIX class since %s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
258 m/%s/
259 (W regexp) You had something like these:
260 [[:alnum]]
262 [[:digit:xyz]
263 They look like they might have been meant to be the POSIX classes
265 "[:alnum:]" or "[:digit:]". If so, they should be written:
266 [[:alnum:]]
268 [[:digit:]xyz]
269 Since these aren't legal POSIX class specifications, but are legal
271 bracketed character classes, Perl treats them as the latter. In
272 the first example, it matches the characters ":", "[", "a", "l",
273 "m", "n", and "u".
274 If these weren't meant to be POSIX classes, this warning message is
276 spurious, and can be suppressed by reordering things, such as
277 [[al:num]]
279 or
281 [[:munla]]
283 <> at require-statement should be quotes
285 (F) You wrote "require <file>" when you should have written
286 "require 'file'".
287 Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
289 (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not
290 in the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
291 Attempt to bless into a freed package
293 (F) You wrote "bless $foo" with one argument after somehow causing
294 the current package to be freed. Perl cannot figure out what to
295 do, so it throws up its hands in despair.
296 Attempt to bless into a reference
298 (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to
299 be the name of the package to bless the resulting object into.
300 You've supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote
301 bless $self, $proto;
303 when you intended
305 bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto;
307 If you actually want to bless into the stringified version of the
309 reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for example
310 by:
311 bless $self, "$proto";
313 Attempt to clear deleted array
315 (S debugging) An array was assigned to when it was being freed.
316 Freed values are not supposed to be visible to Perl code. This can
317 also happen if XS code calls "av_clear" from a custom magic
318 callback on the array.
319 Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
321 (F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a
322 key which is not in its key set.
323 Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
325 (F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
326 declared readonly from a restricted hash.
327 Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%x
329 (S internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from
330 arenas that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was
331 discovered to be outside any of those arenas.
332 Attempt to free nonexistent shared string '%s'%s
334 (S internal) Perl maintains a reference-counted internal table of
335 strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other
336 strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference
337 count of a string that can no longer be found in the table.
338 Attempt to free temp prematurely: SV 0x%x
340 (S debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
341 free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing
342 the SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means
343 that the free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar
344 when it does try to free it.
345 Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
347 (S internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
348 Attempt to free unreferenced scalar: SV 0x%x
350 (S internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar
351 to see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone
352 to 0 earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was
353 freed. This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many
354 times, or that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the
355 SV was mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has
356 been corrupted.
357 Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
359 (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
360 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template.
361 This means the result contains a pointer to a location that could
362 become invalid anytime, even before the end of the current
363 statement. Use literals or global values as arguments to the "p"
364 pack() template to avoid this warning.
365 Attempt to reload %s aborted.
367 (F) You tried to load a file with "use" or "require" that failed to
368 compile once already. Perl will not try to compile this file again
369 unless you delete its entry from %INC. See "require" in perlfunc
370 and "%INC" in perlvar.
371 Attempt to set length of freed array
373 (W misc) You tried to set the length of an array which has been
374 freed. You can do this by storing a reference to the scalar
375 representing the last index of an array and later assigning through
376 that reference. For example
377 $r = do {my @a; \$#a};
379 $$r = 503
380 Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
382 (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to
383 substr() used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you
384 forgot to dereference it first. See "substr" in perlfunc.
385 Attribute prototype(%s) discards earlier prototype attribute in same
387 sub
388 (W misc) A sub was declared as sub foo : prototype(A) :
389 prototype(B) {}, for example. Since each sub can only have one
390 prototype, the earlier declaration(s) are discarded while the last
391 one is applied.
392 av_reify called on tied array
394 (S debugging) This indicates that something went wrong and Perl got
395 very confused about @_ or @DB::args being tied.
396 Bad arg length for %s, is %u, should be %d
398 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(),
399 semctl() or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are,
400 respectively, sizeof(struct msqid_ds *), sizeof(struct semid_ds *),
401 and sizeof(struct shmid_ds *).
402 Bad evalled substitution pattern
404 (F) You've used the "/e" switch to evaluate the replacement for a
405 substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to
406 evaluate, most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
407 Bad filehandle: %s
409 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the
410 symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do
411 an open(), or did it in another package.
412 Bad free() ignored
414 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
415 never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be
416 disabled by setting environment variable "PERL_BADFREE" to 0.
417 This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with
419 "hard" dynamic linking, like "AIX" and "OS/2". It is a bug of
420 "Berkeley DB" which is left unnoticed if "DB" uses forgiving system
421 malloc().
422 Bad hash
424 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
425 Badly placed ()'s
427 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
428 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
429 yourself.
430 Bad name after %s
432 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and
433 then didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't
434 interpolate outside of quotes, so
435 $var = 'myvar';
437 $sym = mypack::$var;
438 is not the same as
440 $var = 'myvar';
442 $sym = "mypack::$var";
443 Bad plugin affecting keyword '%s'
445 (F) An extension using the keyword plugin mechanism violated the
446 plugin API.
447 Bad realloc() ignored
449 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that
450 had never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can
451 be disabled by setting the environment variable "PERL_BADFREE" to
452 1.
453 Bad symbol for array
455 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something
456 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
457 Bad symbol for dirhandle
459 (P) An internal request asked to add a dirhandle entry to something
460 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
461 Bad symbol for filehandle
463 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to
464 something that wasn't a symbol table entry.
465 Bad symbol for hash
467 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
468 wasn't a symbol table entry.
469 Bad symbol for scalar
471 (P) An internal request asked to add a scalar entry to something
472 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
473 Bareword found in conditional
475 (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
476 conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as
477 part of the last argument of the previous construct, for example:
478 open FOO || die;
480 It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been
482 interpreted as a bareword:
483 use constant TYPO => 1;
485 if (TYOP) { print "foo" }
486 The "strict" pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.
488 Bareword in require contains "%s"
490 Bareword in require maps to disallowed filename "%s"
491 Bareword in require maps to empty filename
492 (F) The bareword form of require has been invoked with a filename
493 which could not have been generated by a valid bareword permitted
494 by the parser. You shouldn't be able to get this error from Perl
495 code, but XS code may throw it if it passes an invalid module name
496 to "Perl_load_module".
497 Bareword in require must not start with a double-colon: "%s"
499 (F) In "require Bare::Word", the bareword is not allowed to start
500 with a double-colon. Write "require ::Foo::Bar" as "require
501 Foo::Bar" instead.
502 Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
504 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
505 subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>"
506 symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
507 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
509 (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form "Foo::", but
510 the compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point.
511 Perhaps you need to predeclare a package?
512 Bareword filehandle "%s" not allowed under 'no feature
514 "bareword_filehandles"'
515 (F) You attempted to use a bareword filehandle with the
516 "bareword_filehandles" feature disabled.
517 Only the built-in handles "STDIN", "STDOUT", "STDERR", "ARGV",
519 "ARGVOUT" and "DATA" can be used with the "bareword_filehandles"
520 feature disabled.
521 BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
523 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN
524 subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is
525 exited.
526 BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
528 (F) Perl found a "BEGIN {}" subroutine (or a "use" directive, which
529 implies a "BEGIN {}") after one or more compilation errors had
530 already occurred. Since the intended environment for the "BEGIN
531 {}" could not be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since
532 subsequent code likely depends on its correct operation, Perl just
533 gave up.
534 \%d better written as $%d
536 (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as
537 variables. The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-
538 hand side of a substitution, but stylistically it's better to use
539 the variable form because other Perl programmers will expect it,
540 and it works better if there are more than 9 backreferences.
541 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable
543 (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
544 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
545 perlport for more on portability concerns.
546 bind() on closed socket %s
548 (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you
549 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See "bind"
550 in perlfunc.
551 binmode() on closed filehandle %s
553 (W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never
554 opened. Check your control flow and number of arguments.
555 Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
557 (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
558 Bizarre copy of %s
560 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
561 copiable.
562 Bizarre SvTYPE [%d]
564 (P) When starting a new thread or returning values from a thread,
565 Perl encountered an invalid data type.
566 Both or neither range ends should be Unicode in regex; marked by
568 <-- HERE in m/%s/
569 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
570 In a bracketed character class in a regular expression pattern, you
572 had a range which has exactly one end of it specified using "\N{}",
573 and the other end is specified using a non-portable mechanism.
574 Perl treats the range as a Unicode range, that is, all the
575 characters in it are considered to be the Unicode characters, and
576 which may be different code points on some platforms Perl runs on.
577 For example, "[\N{U+06}-\x08]" is treated as if you had instead
578 said "[\N{U+06}-\N{U+08}]", that is it matches the characters whose
579 code points in Unicode are 6, 7, and 8. But that "\x08" might
580 indicate that you meant something different, so the warning gets
581 raised.
582 Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
584 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing
585 to iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol
586 definition which was too long, so it was truncated to the string
587 shown.
588 Callback called exit
590 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv()
591 exited by calling exit.
592 %s() called too early to check prototype
594 (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before
595 the parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could
596 not check that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to
597 either add an early prototype declaration for the subroutine in
598 question, or move the subroutine definition ahead of the call to
599 get proper prototype checking. Alternatively, if you are certain
600 that you're calling the function correctly, you may put an
601 ampersand before the name to avoid the warning. See perlsub.
602 Cannot chr %f
604 (F) You passed an invalid number (like an infinity or not-a-number)
605 to "chr".
606 Cannot complete in-place edit of %s: %s
608 (F) Your perl script appears to have changed directory while
609 performing an in-place edit of a file specified by a relative path,
610 and your system doesn't include the directory relative POSIX
611 functions needed to handle that.
612 Cannot compress %f in pack
614 (F) You tried compressing an infinity or not-a-number as an
615 unsigned integer with BER, which makes no sense.
616 Cannot compress integer in pack
618 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. The
619 BER compressed integer format can only be used with positive
620 integers, and you attempted to compress a very large number (>
621 1e308). See "pack" in perlfunc.
622 Cannot compress negative numbers in pack
624 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed
625 integer format can only be used with positive integers. See "pack"
626 in perlfunc.
627 Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob
629 (F) You manipulated Perl's symbol table directly, stored a
630 reference in it, then tried to access that symbol via conventional
631 Perl syntax. The access triggers Perl to autovivify that typeglob,
632 but it there is no legal conversion from that type of reference to
633 a typeglob.
634 Cannot copy to %s
636 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy a value to an internal type
637 that cannot be directly assigned to.
638 Cannot find encoding "%s"
640 (S io) You tried to apply an encoding that did not exist to a
641 filehandle, either with open() or binmode().
642 Cannot open %s as a dirhandle: it is already open as a filehandle
644 (F) You tried to use opendir() to associate a dirhandle to a symbol
645 (glob or scalar) that already holds a filehandle. Since this idiom
646 might render your code confusing, it was deprecated in Perl 5.10.
647 As of Perl 5.28, it is a fatal error.
648 Cannot open %s as a filehandle: it is already open as a dirhandle
650 (F) You tried to use open() to associate a filehandle to a symbol
651 (glob or scalar) that already holds a dirhandle. Since this idiom
652 might render your code confusing, it was deprecated in Perl 5.10.
653 As of Perl 5.28, it is a fatal error.
654 Cannot pack %f with '%c'
656 (F) You tried converting an infinity or not-a-number to an integer,
657 which makes no sense.
658 Cannot printf %f with '%c'
660 (F) You tried printing an infinity or not-a-number as a character
661 (%c), which makes no sense. Maybe you meant '%s', or just
662 stringifying it?
663 Cannot set tied @DB::args
665 (F) "caller" tried to set @DB::args, but found it tied. Tying
666 @DB::args is not supported. (Before this error was added, it used
667 to crash.)
668 Cannot tie unreifiable array
670 (P) You somehow managed to call "tie" on an array that does not
671 keep a reference count on its arguments and cannot be made to do
672 so. Such arrays are not even supposed to be accessible to Perl
673 code, but are only used internally.
674 Cannot yet reorder sv_vcatpvfn() arguments from va_list
676 (F) Some XS code tried to use "sv_vcatpvfn()" or a related function
677 with a format string that specifies explicit indexes for some of
678 the elements, and using a C-style variable-argument list (a
679 "va_list"). This is not currently supported. XS authors wanting
680 to do this must instead construct a C array of "SV*" scalars
681 containing the arguments.
682 Can only compress unsigned integers in pack
684 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER
685 compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers,
686 and you attempted to compress something else. See "pack" in
687 perlfunc.
688 Can't bless non-reference value
690 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl
691 "enforces" encapsulation of objects. See perlobj.
692 Can't "break" in a loop topicalizer
694 (F) You called "break", but you're in a "foreach" block rather than
695 a "given" block. You probably meant to use "next" or "last".
696 Can't "break" outside a given block
698 (F) You called "break", but you're not inside a "given" block.
699 Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
701 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by
702 the object reference or package name contains an undefined value.
703 Something like this will reproduce the error:
704 $BADREF = undef;
706 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
707 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
708 Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
710 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run.
711 It ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply,
712 but you didn't supply an object reference in this case. A
713 reference isn't an object reference until it has been blessed. See
714 perlobj.
715 Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
717 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by
718 the object reference or package name contains an expression that
719 returns a defined value which is neither an object reference nor a
720 package name. Something like this will reproduce the error:
721 $BADREF = 42;
723 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
724 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
725 Can't call mro_isa_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table
727 (P) Perl got confused as to whether a hash was a plain hash or a
728 symbol table hash when trying to update @ISA caches.
729 Can't call mro_method_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table
731 (F) An XS module tried to call "mro_method_changed_in" on a hash
732 that was not attached to the symbol table.
733 Can't chdir to %s
735 (F) You called "perl -x/foo/bar", but /foo/bar is not a directory
736 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
737 Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid
739 (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script
740 for nosuid.
741 Can't coerce %s to %s in %s
743 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
744 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you
745 can't say things like:
746 *foo += 1;
748 You CAN say
750 $foo = *foo;
752 $foo += 1;
753 but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
755 Can't "continue" outside a when block
757 (F) You called "continue", but you're not inside a "when" or
758 "default" block.
759 Can't create pipe mailbox
761 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from
762 exhausted quotas or other plumbing problems.
763 Can't declare %s in "%s"
765 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my",
766 "our" or "state" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as
767 names.
768 Can't "default" outside a topicalizer
770 (F) You have used a "default" block that is neither inside a
771 "foreach" loop nor a "given" block. (Note that this error is
772 issued on exit from the "default" block, so you won't get the error
773 if you use an explicit "continue".)
774 Can't determine class of operator %s, assuming BASEOP
776 (S) This warning indicates something wrong in the internals of
777 perl. Perl was trying to find the class (e.g. LISTOP) of a
778 particular OP, and was unable to do so. This is likely to be due to
779 a bug in the perl internals, or due to a bug in XS code which
780 manipulates perl optrees.
781 Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
783 (S inplace) You tried to use the -i switch on a special file, such
784 as a file in /dev, a FIFO or an uneditable directory. The file was
785 ignored.
786 Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
788 (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated
789 reason.
790 Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique
792 (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than
793 14 characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename
794 during inplace editing with the -i switch. The file was ignored.
795 Can't do %s("%s") on non-UTF-8 locale; resolved to "%s".
797 (W locale) You are 1) running under ""use locale""; 2) the current
798 locale is not a UTF-8 one; 3) you tried to do the designated case-
799 change operation on the specified Unicode character; and 4) the
800 result of this operation would mix Unicode and locale rules, which
801 likely conflict. Mixing of different rule types is forbidden, so
802 the operation was not done; instead the result is the indicated
803 value, which is the best available that uses entirely Unicode
804 rules. That turns out to almost always be the original character,
805 unchanged.
806 It is generally a bad idea to mix non-UTF-8 locales and Unicode,
808 and this issue is one of the reasons why. This warning is raised
809 when Unicode rules would normally cause the result of this
810 operation to contain a character that is in the range specified by
811 the locale, 0..255, and hence is subject to the locale's rules, not
812 Unicode's.
813 If you are using locale purely for its characteristics related to
815 things like its numeric and time formatting (and not "LC_CTYPE"),
816 consider using a restricted form of the locale pragma (see "The
817 "use locale" pragma" in perllocale) like
818 ""use locale ':not_characters'"".
819 Note that failed case-changing operations done as a result of case-
821 insensitive "/i" regular expression matching will show up in this
822 warning as having the "fc" operation (as that is what the regular
823 expression engine calls behind the scenes.)
824 Can't do waitpid with flags
826 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only
827 waitpid() without flags is emulated.
828 Can't emulate -%s on #! line
830 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this
831 point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a -x on the #!
832 line.
833 Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform
835 (F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-
836 endian, or it has a very strange pointer size. Packing and
837 unpacking big- or little-endian floating point values and pointers
838 may not be possible. See "pack" in perlfunc.
839 Can't exec "%s": %s
841 (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute
842 the named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons
843 include: the permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't
844 found in $ENV{PATH}, the executable in question was compiled for
845 another architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an
846 interpreter that can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your
847 system doesn't support #! at all.)
848 Can't exec %s
850 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you
851 because that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you
852 wanted, you may need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
853 Can't execute %s
855 (F) You used the -S switch, but the copies of the script to execute
856 found in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
857 Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
859 (F) A string of a form "CORE::word" was given to prototype(), but
860 there is no builtin with the name "word".
861 Can't find label %s
863 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that
864 it's possible for us to go to. See "goto" in perlfunc.
865 Can't find %s on PATH
867 (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be
868 found in the PATH.
869 Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
871 (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be
872 found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions.
873 The script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits
874 running it.
875 Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
877 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message
878 means that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed
879 quotes count nesting levels, the following is missing its final
880 parenthesis:
881 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
883 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have
885 included unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag or
886 there may not be a linebreak after it. A good programmer's editor
887 will have a way to help you find these characters (or lack of
888 characters). See perlop for the full details on here-documents.
889 Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"
891 Can't find Unicode property definition "%s" in regex; marked by <--
892 HERE in m/%s/
893 (F) The named property which you specified via "\p" or "\P" is not
894 one known to Perl. Perhaps you misspelled the name? See
895 "Properties accessible through \p{} and \P{}" in perluniprops for a
896 complete list of available official properties. If it is a user-
897 defined property it must have been defined by the time the regular
898 expression is matched.
899 If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the "\p",
901 either by "\\p" (just the "\p") or by "\Q\p" (the rest of the
902 string, or until "\E").
903 Can't fork: %s
905 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
906 pipeline.
907 Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds
909 (W pipe) A fork in a piped open failed with EAGAIN and will be
910 retried after five seconds.
911 Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
913 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the
914 difference between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model
915 Perl assumes. Under VMS, access checks are done by filename,
916 rather than by bits in the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other
917 protections can be taken into account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes
918 that the stat buffer contains all the necessary information, and
919 passes it, instead of the filespec, to the access-checking routine.
920 It will try to retrieve the filespec using the device name and FID
921 present in the stat buffer, but this works only if you haven't made
922 a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine, because the device
923 name is overwritten with each call. If this warning appears, the
924 name lookup failed, and the access-checking routine gave up and
925 returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access-
926 checking routine knows about the Perl "stat" operator and file
927 tests, so you shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl
928 command; it arises only if some internal code takes stat buffers
929 lightly.)
930 Can't get pipe mailbox device name
932 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a
933 pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.
934 Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
936 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want
937 your mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
938 Can't "goto" into a binary or list expression
940 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
941 binary or list expression. You can't get there from here. The
942 reason for this restriction is that the interpreter would get
943 confused as to how many arguments there are, resulting in stack
944 corruption or crashes. This error occurs in cases such as these:
945 goto F;
947 print do { F: }; # Can't jump into the arguments to print
948 goto G;
950 $x + do { G: $y }; # How is + supposed to get its first operand?
951 Can't "goto" into a "given" block
953 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
954 "given" block. You can't get there from here. See "goto" in
955 perlfunc.
956 Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
958 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
959 foreach loop. You can't get there from here. See "goto" in
960 perlfunc.
961 Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block
963 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look
964 like a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually
965 occurs if you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine,
966 which is a no-no. See "goto" in perlfunc.
967 Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s
969 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval
970 "string" or block.
971 Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback)
973 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of the
974 comparison sub for a sort(), or from a similar callback (such as
975 the reduce() function in List::Util).
976 Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
978 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one
979 subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole
980 cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD
981 routine anyway. See "goto" in perlfunc.
982 Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default
984 (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD
985 signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this
986 signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of
987 child processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value.
988 This situation typically indicates that the parent program under
989 which Perl may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless.
990 Can't kill a non-numeric process ID
992 (F) Process identifiers must be (signed) integers. It is a fatal
993 error to attempt to kill() an undefined, empty-string or otherwise
994 non-numeric process identifier.
995 Can't "last" outside a loop block
997 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current
998 block, except that there's this itty bitty problem called there
999 isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
1000 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(),
1001 map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the
1002 same effect though, because the inner curlies will be considered a
1003 block that loops once. See "last" in perlfunc.
1004 Can't linearize anonymous symbol table
1006 (F) Perl tried to calculate the method resolution order (MRO) of a
1007 package, but failed because the package stash has no name.
1008 Can't load '%s' for module %s
1010 (F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic
1011 extension. This may either mean that you upgraded your version of
1012 perl to one that is incompatible with your old dynamic extensions
1013 (which is known to happen between major versions of perl), or (more
1014 likely) that your dynamic extension was built against an older
1015 version of the library that is installed on your system. You may
1016 need to rebuild your old dynamic extensions.
1017 Can't localize lexical variable %s
1019 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared
1020 as a lexical variable using "my" or "state". This is not allowed.
1021 If you want to localize a package variable of the same name,
1022 qualify it with the package name.
1023 Can't localize through a reference
1025 (F) You said something like "local $$ref", which Perl can't
1026 currently handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of
1027 whatever $ref pointed to after the scope of the local() is
1028 finished, it can't be sure that $ref will still be a reference.
1029 Can't locate %s
1031 (F) You said to "do" (or "require", or "use") a file that couldn't
1032 be found. Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned
1033 in @INC, unless the file name included the full path to the file.
1034 Perhaps you need to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment
1035 variable to say where the extra library is, or maybe the script
1036 needs to add the library name to @INC. Or maybe you just
1037 misspelled the name of the file. See "require" in perlfunc and
1038 lib.
1039 Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
1041 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows
1042 autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable
1043 causes are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to
1044 "AutoSplit" the file, say, by doing "make install".
1045 Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC
1047 (F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library,
1048 like for example, foo.so or bar.dll, but the DynaLoader module was
1049 unable to locate this library. See DynaLoader.
1050 Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
1052 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a
1053 package functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define
1054 that particular method, nor does any of its base classes. See
1055 perlobj.
1056 Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s" (perhaps you forgot to
1058 load "%s"?)
1059 (F) You called a method on a class that did not exist, and the
1060 method could not be found in UNIVERSAL. This often means that a
1061 method requires a package that has not been loaded.
1062 Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
1064 (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package
1065 that doesn't seem to exist.
1066 Can't locate PerlIO%s
1068 (F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
1069 e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
1070 Can't make list assignment to %ENV on this system
1072 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems,
1073 notably VMS.
1074 Can't make loaded symbols global on this platform while loading %s
1076 (S) A module passed the flag 0x01 to DynaLoader::dl_load_file() to
1077 request that symbols from the stated file are made available
1078 globally within the process, but that functionality is not
1079 available on this platform. Whilst the module likely will still
1080 work, this may prevent the perl interpreter from loading other XS-
1081 based extensions which need to link directly to functions defined
1082 in the C or XS code in the stated file.
1083 Can't modify %s in %s
1085 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or
1086 otherwise try to change it, such as with an auto-increment.
1087 Can't modify nonexistent substring
1089 (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was
1090 handed a NULL.
1091 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call of &%s
1093 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call of &%s in %s
1094 (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be
1095 declared as such. See "Lvalue subroutines" in perlsub.
1096 Can't modify reference to %s in %s assignment
1098 (F) Only a limited number of constructs can be used as the argument
1099 to a reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment,
1100 and what you used was not one of them. See "Assigning to
1101 References" in perlref.
1102 Can't modify reference to localized parenthesized array in list
1104 assignment
1105 (F) Assigning to "\local(@array)" or "\(local @array)" is not
1106 supported, as it is not clear exactly what it should do. If you
1107 meant to make @array refer to some other array, use "\@array =
1108 \@other_array". If you want to make the elements of @array aliases
1109 of the scalars referenced on the right-hand side, use "\(@array) =
1110 @scalar_refs".
1111 Can't modify reference to parenthesized hash in list assignment
1113 (F) Assigning to "\(%hash)" is not supported. If you meant to make
1114 %hash refer to some other hash, use "\%hash = \%other_hash". If
1115 you want to make the elements of %hash into aliases of the scalars
1116 referenced on the right-hand side, use a hash slice: "\@hash{@keys}
1117 = @those_scalar_refs".
1118 Can't msgrcv to read-only var
1120 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a
1121 receive buffer.
1122 Can't "next" outside a loop block
1124 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block,
1125 but there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block
1126 doesn't count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to
1127 sort(), map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get
1128 the same effect though, because the inner curlies will be
1129 considered a block that loops once. See "next" in perlfunc.
1130 Can't open %s: %s
1132 (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the "<>"
1133 filehandle, either implicitly under the "-n" or "-p" command-line
1134 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually
1135 this is because you don't have read permission for a file which you
1136 named on the command line.
1137 (F) You tried to call perl with the -e switch, but /dev/null (or
1139 your operating system's equivalent) could not be opened.
1140 Can't open a reference
1142 (W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing,
1143 using the 3-arg open() syntax:
1144 open FH, '>', $ref;
1146 but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form
1148 of open is not supported.
1149 Can't open bidirectional pipe
1151 (W pipe) You tried to say "open(CMD, "|cmd|")", which is not
1152 supported. You can try any of several modules in the Perl library
1153 to do this, such as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's
1154 output to a file using ">", and then read it in under a different
1155 file handle.
1156 Can't open error file %s as stderr
1158 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1159 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or
1160 '2>>' on the command line for writing.
1161 Can't open input file %s as stdin
1163 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1164 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the
1165 command line for reading.
1166 Can't open output file %s as stdout
1168 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1169 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>'
1170 on the command line for writing.
1171 Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
1173 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1174 redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data
1175 destined for stdout.
1176 Can't open perl script "%s": %s
1178 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated
1179 reason.
1180 If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on
1182 the shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that
1183 search, so you don't have to type the path or "`which
1184 $scriptname`".
1185 Can't read CRTL environ
1187 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of
1188 %ENV from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the
1189 array was missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL
1190 misplaced its environ or define PERL_ENV_TABLES (see perlvms) so
1191 that environ is not searched.
1192 Can't redeclare "%s" in "%s"
1194 (F) A "my", "our" or "state" declaration was found within another
1195 declaration, such as "my ($x, my($y), $z)" or "our (my $x)".
1196 Can't "redo" outside a loop block
1198 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block,
1199 but there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block
1200 doesn't count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to
1201 sort(), map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get
1202 the same effect though, because the inner curlies will be
1203 considered a block that loops once. See "redo" in perlfunc.
1204 Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file
1206 (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup
1207 file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it
1208 with the modified file. The file was left unmodified.
1209 Can't rename in-place work file '%s' to '%s': %s
1211 (F) When closed implicitly, the temporary file for in-place editing
1212 couldn't be renamed to the original filename.
1213 Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
1215 (F) The rename done by the -i switch failed for some reason,
1216 probably because you don't have write permission to the directory.
1217 Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
1219 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and
1220 tried to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
1221 Can't represent character for Ox%X on this platform
1223 (F) There is a hard limit to how big a character code point can be
1224 due to the fundamental properties of UTF-8, especially on EBCDIC
1225 platforms. The given code point exceeds that. The only work-
1226 around is to not use such a large code point.
1227 Can't reset %ENV on this system
1229 (F) You called "reset('E')" or similar, which tried to reset all
1230 variables in the current package beginning with "E". In the main
1231 package, that includes %ENV. Resetting %ENV is not supported on
1232 some systems, notably VMS.
1233 Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
1235 (F)(P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as
1236 opposed to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the
1237 package. If the method name is "???", this is an internal error.
1238 Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
1240 (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as
1241 temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue.
1242 This is not allowed.
1243 Can't return outside a subroutine
1245 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is,
1246 where there was no subroutine call to return out of. See perlsub.
1247 Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context
1249 (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue
1250 subroutine, but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl
1251 think you meant to return only one value. You probably meant to
1252 write parentheses around the call to the subroutine, which tell
1253 Perl that the call should be in list context.
1254 Can't stat script "%s"
1256 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you
1257 have it open already. Bizarre.
1258 Can't take log of %g
1260 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
1261 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that
1262 comes standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for
1263 the negative numbers.
1264 Can't take sqrt of %g
1266 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
1267 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
1268 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
1269 Can't undef active subroutine
1271 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You
1272 can, however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even
1273 undef the redefined subroutine while the old routine is running.
1274 Go figure.
1275 Can't unweaken a nonreference
1277 (F) You attempted to unweaken something that was not a reference.
1278 Only references can be unweakened.
1279 Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d
1281 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making
1282 it into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types
1283 are so specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted.
1284 This message indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
1285 Can't use '%c' after -mname
1287 (F) You tried to call perl with the -m switch, but you put
1288 something other than "=" after the module name.
1289 Can't use a hash as a reference
1291 (F) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in "%foo->{"bar"}"
1292 or "%$ref->{"hello"}". Versions of perl <= 5.22.0 used to allow
1293 this syntax, but shouldn't have. This was deprecated in perl
1294 5.6.1.
1295 Can't use an array as a reference
1297 (F) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in "@foo->[23]" or
1298 "@$ref->[99]". Versions of perl <= 5.22.0 used to allow this
1299 syntax, but shouldn't have. This was deprecated in perl 5.6.1.
1300 Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
1302 (F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a
1303 symbol table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become
1304 anonymous for example by undefining stashes: "undef
1305 %Some::Package::".
1306 Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
1308 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference
1309 must be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious
1310 errors.
1311 Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1313 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1314 references are disallowed. See perlref.
1315 Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available
1317 (F) The first time the "%!" hash is used, perl automatically loads
1318 the Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %!
1319 hash to provide symbolic names for $! errno values.
1320 Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s
1322 (F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-
1323 endian byte-order at the same time, so this combination of
1324 modifiers is not allowed. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1325 Can't use 'defined(@array)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)
1327 (F) defined() is not useful on arrays because it checks for an
1328 undefined scalar value. If you want to see if the array is empty,
1329 just use "if (@array) { # not empty }" for example.
1330 Can't use 'defined(%hash)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)
1332 (F) "defined()" is not usually right on hashes.
1333 Although "defined %hash" is false on a plain not-yet-used hash, it
1335 becomes true in several non-obvious circumstances, including
1336 iterators, weak references, stash names, even remaining true after
1337 "undef %hash". These things make "defined %hash" fairly useless in
1338 practice, so it now generates a fatal error.
1339 If a check for non-empty is what you wanted then just put it in
1341 boolean context (see "Scalar values" in perldata):
1342 if (%hash) {
1344 # not empty
1345 }
1346 If you had "defined %Foo::Bar::QUUX" to check whether such a
1348 package variable exists then that's never really been reliable, and
1349 isn't a good way to enquire about the features of a package, or
1350 whether it's loaded, etc.
1351 Can't use %s for loop variable
1353 (P) The parser got confused when trying to parse a "foreach" loop.
1354 Can't use global %s in %s
1356 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable.
1357 This is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one
1358 location (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly
1359 confusing to have variables in your program that looked like
1360 magical variables but weren't.
1361 Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s
1363 (F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type that is
1364 already inside a group with a byte-order modifier. For example you
1365 cannot force little-endianness on a type that is inside a big-
1366 endian group.
1367 Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
1369 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort
1370 comparisons. You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or
1371 cmp operator, and the variable had earlier been declared as a
1372 lexical variable. Either qualify the sort variable with the
1373 package name, or rename the lexical variable.
1374 Can't use %s ref as %s ref
1376 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference
1377 a reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
1378 test the type of the reference, if need be.
1379 Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1381 Can't use string ("%s"...) as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1382 (F) You've told Perl to dereference a string, something which "use
1383 strict" blocks to prevent it happening accidentally. See "Symbolic
1384 references" in perlref. This can be triggered by an "@" or "$" in
1385 a double-quoted string immediately before interpolating a variable,
1386 for example in "user @$twitter_id", which says to treat the
1387 contents of $twitter_id as an array reference; use a "\" to have a
1388 literal "@" symbol followed by the contents of $twitter_id: "user
1389 \@$twitter_id".
1390 Can't use subscript on %s
1392 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
1393 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
1394 didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else
1395 subscriptable.
1396 Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
1398 (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator
1399 that creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to
1400 indicate a backreference to a matched substring is valid only as
1401 part of a regular expression pattern. Trying to do this in
1402 ordinary Perl code produces a value that prints out looking like
1403 SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form instead.
1404 Can't weaken a nonreference
1406 (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference.
1407 Only references can be weakened.
1408 Can't "when" outside a topicalizer
1410 (F) You have used a when() block that is neither inside a "foreach"
1411 loop nor a "given" block. (Note that this error is issued on exit
1412 from the "when" block, so you won't get the error if the match
1413 fails, or if you use an explicit "continue".)
1414 Can't x= to read-only value
1416 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined
1417 value) with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the
1418 value itself. Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary,
1419 and repeat that.
1420 Character following "\c" must be printable ASCII
1422 (F) In "\cX", X must be a printable (non-control) ASCII character.
1423 Note that ASCII characters that don't map to control characters are
1425 discouraged, and will generate the warning (when enabled) ""\c%c"
1426 is more clearly written simply as "%s"".
1427 Character following \%c must be '{' or a single-character Unicode
1429 property name in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1430 (F) (In the above the %c is replaced by either "p" or "P".) You
1431 specified something that isn't a legal Unicode property name. Most
1432 Unicode properties are specified by "\p{...}". But if the name is
1433 a single character one, the braces may be omitted.
1434 Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack
1436 (W pack) You said
1437 pack("C", $x)
1439 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the "C" format is
1441 only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII,
1442 EBCDIC, and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved
1443 as if you meant
1444 pack("C", $x & 255)
1446 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the "U" format
1448 instead.
1449 Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack
1451 (W pack) You said
1452 pack("c", $x)
1454 where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the "c" format
1456 is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII,
1457 EBCDIC, and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved
1458 as if you meant
1459 pack("c", $x & 255);
1461 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the "U" format
1463 instead.
1464 Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1466 (W unpack) You tried something like
1467 unpack("H", "\x{2a1}")
1469 where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a
1471 value below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl
1472 uses the value modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1473 unpack("H", "\x{a1}")
1475 Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack
1477 (W pack) You said
1478 pack("U0W", $x)
1480 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255. However,
1482 "U0"-mode expects all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so
1483 Perl behaved as if you meant:
1484 pack("U0W", $x & 255)
1486 Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack
1488 (W pack) You tried something like
1489 pack("u", "\x{1f3}b")
1491 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character
1493 with a value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher
1494 value. Perl uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if
1495 you had provided:
1496 pack("u", "\x{f3}b")
1498 Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1500 (W unpack) You tried something like
1501 unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b")
1503 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character
1505 with a value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher
1506 value. Perl uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if
1507 you had provided:
1508 unpack("s", "\x{f3}b")
1510 charnames alias definitions may not contain a sequence of multiple
1512 spaces; marked by <-- HERE in %s
1513 (F) You defined a character name which had multiple space
1514 characters in a row. Change them to single spaces. Usually these
1515 names are defined in the ":alias" import argument to "use
1516 charnames", but they could be defined by a translator installed
1517 into $^H{charnames}. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in charnames.
1518 chdir() on unopened filehandle %s
1520 (W unopened) You tried chdir() on a filehandle that was never
1521 opened.
1522 "\c%c" is more clearly written simply as "%s"
1524 (W syntax) The "\cX" construct is intended to be a way to specify
1525 non-printable characters. You used it for a printable one, which
1526 is better written as simply itself, perhaps preceded by a backslash
1527 for non-word characters. Doing it the way you did is not portable
1528 between ASCII and EBCDIC platforms.
1529 Cloning substitution context is unimplemented
1531 (F) Creating a new thread inside the "s///" operator is not
1532 supported.
1533 closedir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
1535 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to close is either closed or not
1536 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
1537 close() on unopened filehandle %s
1539 (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
1540 Closure prototype called
1542 (F) If a closure has attributes, the subroutine passed to an
1543 attribute handler is the prototype that is cloned when a new
1544 closure is created. This subroutine cannot be called.
1545 \C no longer supported in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1547 (F) The \C character class used to allow a match of single byte
1548 within a multi-byte utf-8 character, but was removed in v5.24 as it
1549 broke encapsulation and its implementation was extremely buggy. If
1550 you really need to process the individual bytes, you probably want
1551 to convert your string to one where each underlying byte is stored
1552 as a character, with utf8::encode().
1553 Code missing after '/'
1555 (F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be
1556 another template code following the slash. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1557 Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, and not portable
1559 (S non_unicode portable) You had a code point that has never been
1560 in any standard, so it is likely that languages other than Perl
1561 will NOT understand it. This code point also will not fit in a
1562 32-bit word on ASCII platforms and therefore is non-portable
1563 between systems.
1564 At one time, it was legal in some standards to have code points up
1566 to 0x7FFF_FFFF, but not higher, and this code point is higher.
1567 Acceptance of these code points is a Perl extension, and you should
1569 expect that nothing other than Perl can handle them; Perl itself on
1570 EBCDIC platforms before v5.24 does not handle them.
1571 Perl also makes no guarantees that the representation of these code
1573 points won't change at some point in the future, say when machines
1574 become available that have larger than a 64-bit word. At that
1575 time, files containing any of these, written by an older Perl might
1576 require conversion before being readable by a newer Perl.
1577 Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, may not be portable
1579 (S non_unicode) You had a code point above the Unicode maximum of
1580 U+10FFFF.
1581 Perl allows strings to contain a superset of Unicode code points,
1583 but these may not be accepted by other languages/systems. Further,
1584 even if these languages/systems accept these large code points,
1585 they may have chosen a different representation for them than the
1586 UTF-8-like one that Perl has, which would mean files are not
1587 exchangeable between them and Perl.
1588 On EBCDIC platforms, code points above 0x3FFF_FFFF have a different
1590 representation in Perl v5.24 than before, so any file containing
1591 these that was written before that version will require conversion
1592 before being readable by a later Perl.
1593 %s: Command not found
1595 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh or another
1596 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1597 script into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file
1598 could look like
1599 #!/usr/bin/perl
1601 %s: command not found
1603 (A) You've accidentally run your script through bash or another
1604 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1605 script into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file
1606 could look like
1607 #!/usr/bin/perl
1609 %s: command not found: %s
1611 (A) You've accidentally run your script through zsh or another
1612 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1613 script into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file
1614 could look like
1615 #!/usr/bin/perl
1617 Compilation failed in require
1619 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a "require"
1620 statement. Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors
1621 that it encountered were severe enough to halt compilation
1622 immediately.
1623 Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
1625 (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex
1626 situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is
1627 limited to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack
1628 cannot grow arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are
1629 handled without recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try
1630 shortening the string under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g.
1631 with "while") rather than in the regular expression engine; or
1632 rewriting the regular expression so that it is simpler or
1633 backtracks less. (See perlfaq2 for information on Mastering
1634 Regular Expressions.)
1635 connect() on closed socket %s
1637 (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you
1638 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1639 "connect" in perlfunc.
1640 Constant(%s): Call to &{$^H{%s}} did not return a defined value
1642 (F) The subroutine registered to handle constant overloading (see
1643 overload) or a custom charnames handler (see "CUSTOM TRANSLATORS"
1644 in charnames) returned an undefined value.
1645 Constant(%s): $^H{%s} is not defined
1647 (F) The parser found inconsistencies while attempting to define an
1648 overloaded constant. Perhaps you forgot to load the corresponding
1649 overload pragma?
1650 Constant is not %s reference
1652 (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the "use constant"
1653 pragma) is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of
1654 reference. The message indicates the type of reference that was
1655 expected. This usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing
1656 the constant value. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub and
1657 constant.
1658 Constants from lexical variables potentially modified elsewhere are no
1660 longer permitted
1661 (F) You wrote something like
1662 my $var;
1664 $sub = sub () { $var };
1665 but $var is referenced elsewhere and could be modified after the
1667 "sub" expression is evaluated. Either it is explicitly modified
1668 elsewhere ("$var = 3") or it is passed to a subroutine or to an
1669 operator like "printf" or "map", which may or may not modify the
1670 variable.
1671 Traditionally, Perl has captured the value of the variable at that
1673 point and turned the subroutine into a constant eligible for
1674 inlining. In those cases where the variable can be modified
1675 elsewhere, this breaks the behavior of closures, in which the
1676 subroutine captures the variable itself, rather than its value, so
1677 future changes to the variable are reflected in the subroutine's
1678 return value.
1679 This usage was deprecated, and as of Perl 5.32 is no longer
1681 allowed, making it possible to change the behavior in the future.
1682 If you intended for the subroutine to be eligible for inlining,
1684 then make sure the variable is not referenced elsewhere, possibly
1685 by copying it:
1686 my $var2 = $var;
1688 $sub = sub () { $var2 };
1689 If you do want this subroutine to be a closure that reflects future
1691 changes to the variable that it closes over, add an explicit
1692 "return":
1693 my $var;
1695 $sub = sub () { return $var };
1696 Constant subroutine %s redefined
1698 (W redefine)(S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously
1699 been eligible for inlining. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub
1700 for commentary and workarounds.
1701 Constant subroutine %s undefined
1703 (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been
1704 eligible for inlining. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub for
1705 commentary and workarounds.
1706 Constant(%s) unknown
1708 (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to
1709 define an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character
1710 name specified in the "\N{...}" escape. Perhaps you forgot to load
1711 the corresponding overload pragma?
1712 :const is experimental
1714 (S experimental::const_attr) The "const" attribute is experimental.
1715 If you want to use the feature, disable the warning with "no
1716 warnings 'experimental::const_attr'", but know that in doing so you
1717 are taking the risk that your code may break in a future Perl
1718 version.
1719 :const is not permitted on named subroutines
1721 (F) The "const" attribute causes an anonymous subroutine to be run
1722 and its value captured at the time that it is cloned. Named
1723 subroutines are not cloned like this, so the attribute does not
1724 make sense on them.
1725 Copy method did not return a reference
1727 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See "Copy
1728 Constructor" in overload.
1729 &CORE::%s cannot be called directly
1731 (F) You tried to call a subroutine in the "CORE::" namespace with
1732 &foo syntax or through a reference. Some subroutines in this
1733 package cannot yet be called that way, but must be called as
1734 barewords. Something like this will work:
1735 BEGIN { *shove = \&CORE::push; }
1737 shove @array, 1,2,3; # pushes on to @array
1738 CORE::%s is not a keyword
1740 (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
1741 Corrupted regexp opcode %d > %d
1743 (P) This is either an error in Perl, or, if you're using one, your
1744 custom regular expression engine. If not the latter, report the
1745 problem to <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues>.
1746 corrupted regexp pointers
1748 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
1749 expression compiler gave it.
1750 corrupted regexp program
1752 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program
1753 without a valid magic number.
1754 Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%x at 0x%x
1756 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal
1757 failure.
1758 Count after length/code in unpack
1760 (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string,
1761 but you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See
1762 "pack" in perlfunc.
1763 Declaring references is experimental
1765 (S experimental::declared_refs) This warning is emitted if you use
1766 a reference constructor on the right-hand side of "my", "state",
1767 "our", or "local". Simply suppress the warning if you want to use
1768 the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking the risk of
1769 using an experimental feature which may change or be removed in a
1770 future Perl version:
1771 no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
1773 use feature "declared_refs";
1774 $fooref = my \$foo;
1775 Deep recursion on anonymous subroutine
1777 Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
1778 (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or
1779 indirectly) 100 times more than it has returned. This probably
1780 indicates an infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange
1781 benchmark programs, in which case it indicates something else.
1782 This threshold can be changed from 100, by recompiling the perl
1784 binary, setting the C pre-processor macro "PERL_SUB_DEPTH_WARN" to
1785 the desired value.
1786 (?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
1788 m/%s/
1789 (F) You used something like "(?(DEFINE)...|..)" which is illegal.
1790 The most likely cause of this error is that you left out a
1791 parenthesis inside of the "...." part.
1792 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
1794 problem was discovered.
1795 %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed
1797 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file
1798 there are neither package declarations nor a $VERSION.
1799 delete argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice
1801 (F) The argument to "delete" must be either a hash or array
1802 element, such as:
1803 $foo{$bar}
1805 $ref->{"susie"}[12]
1806 or a hash or array slice, such as:
1808 @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
1810 $ref->[12]->@{"susie", "queue"}
1811 or a hash key/value or array index/value slice, such as:
1813 %foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
1815 $ref->[12]->%{"susie", "queue"}
1816 Delimiter for here document is too long
1818 (F) In a here document construct like "<<FOO", the label "FOO" is
1819 too long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to
1820 write code that triggers this error.
1821 Deprecated use of my() in false conditional. This will be a fatal error
1823 in Perl 5.30
1824 (D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to "my $x if 0".
1825 There has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical
1826 variable not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration
1827 includes a false conditional. Some people have exploited this bug
1828 to achieve a kind of static variable. Since we intend to fix this
1829 bug, we don't want people relying on this behavior. You can
1830 achieve a similar static effect by declaring the variable in a
1831 separate block outside the function, eg
1832 sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
1834 becomes
1836 { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
1838 Beginning with perl 5.10.0, you can also use "state" variables to
1840 have lexicals that are initialized only once (see feature):
1841 sub f { state $x; return $x++ }
1843 This use of "my()" in a false conditional has been deprecated since
1845 Perl 5.10, and it will become a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
1846 DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'
1848 (F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which
1849 is just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort
1850 rather than to create a dangling reference.
1851 Did not produce a valid header
1853 See "500 Server error".
1854 %s did not return a true value
1856 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate
1857 that it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code
1858 correctly. It's traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though
1859 any true value would do. See "require" in perlfunc.
1860 (Did you mean &%s instead?)
1862 (W misc) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as
1863 $FOO or some such.
1864 (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?)
1866 (W shadow) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared
1867 global variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical
1868 scope, which seems superfluous.
1869 (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)
1871 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or
1872 @hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and
1873 got carried away.
1874 Died
1876 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of "die """)
1877 or you called it with no args and $@ was empty.
1878 Document contains no data
1880 See "500 Server error".
1881 %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed
1883 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not
1884 define a $VERSION.
1885 '/' does not take a repeat count
1887 (F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/'
1888 code. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1889 do "%s" failed, '.' is no longer in @INC; did you mean do "./%s"?
1891 (D deprecated) Previously " do "somefile"; " would search the
1892 current directory for the specified file. Since perl v5.26.0, .
1893 has been removed from @INC by default, so this is no longer true.
1894 To search the current directory (and only the current directory)
1895 you can write " do "./somefile"; ".
1896 Don't know how to get file name
1898 (P) "PerlIO_getname", a perl internal I/O function specific to VMS,
1899 was somehow called on another platform. This should not happen.
1900 Don't know how to handle magic of type \%o
1902 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1903 do_study: out of memory
1905 (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
1906 (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
1908 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
1909 message "%s found where operator expected". It often means a
1910 subroutine or module name is being referenced that hasn't been
1911 declared yet. This may be because of ordering problems in your
1912 file, or because of a missing "sub", "package", "require", or "use"
1913 statement. If you're referencing something that isn't defined yet,
1914 you don't actually have to define the subroutine or package before
1915 the current location. You can use an empty "sub foo;" or "package
1916 FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration.
1917 dump() must be written as CORE::dump() as of Perl 5.30
1919 (F) You used the obsolete "dump()" built-in function. That was
1920 deprecated in Perl 5.8.0. As of Perl 5.30 it must be written in
1921 fully qualified format: "CORE::dump()".
1922 See "dump" in perlfunc.
1924 dump is not supported
1926 (F) Your machine doesn't support dump/undump.
1927 Duplicate free() ignored
1929 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
1930 already been freed.
1931 Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s
1933 (W unpack) You have applied the same modifier more than once after
1934 a type in a pack template. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1935 elseif should be elsif
1937 (S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry
1938 thinks it's ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to
1939 call a method named "elseif" for the class returned by the
1940 following block. This is unlikely to be what you want.
1941 Empty \%c in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1943 Empty \%c{}
1944 Empty \%c{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1945 (F) You used something like "\b{}", "\B{}", "\o{}", "\p", "\P", or
1946 "\x" without specifying anything for it to operate on.
1947 Unfortunately, for backwards compatibility reasons, an empty "\x"
1949 is legal outside "use re 'strict'" and expands to a NUL character.
1950 Empty (?) without any modifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1952 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'") "(?)" does nothing, so
1953 perhaps this is a typo.
1954 ${^ENCODING} is no longer supported
1956 (F) The special variable "${^ENCODING}", formerly used to implement
1957 the "encoding" pragma, is no longer supported as of Perl 5.26.0.
1958 Setting it to anything other than "undef" is a fatal error as of
1960 Perl 5.28.
1961 entering effective %s failed
1963 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, switching the real and
1964 effective uids or gids failed.
1965 %ENV is aliased to %s
1967 (F) You're running under taint mode, and the %ENV variable has been
1968 aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of
1969 the program's environment. This is potentially insecure.
1970 Error converting file specification %s
1972 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with
1973 file specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them
1974 to a single form when it must operate on them directly. Either
1975 you've passed an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've
1976 found a case the conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
1977 Error %s in expansion of %s
1979 (F) An error was encountered in handling a user-defined property
1980 ("User-Defined Character Properties" in perlunicode). These are
1981 programmer written subroutines, hence subject to errors that may
1982 prevent them from compiling or running. The calls to these subs
1983 are "eval"'d, and if there is a failure, this message is raised,
1984 using the contents of $@ from the failed "eval".
1985 Another possibility is that tainted data was encountered somewhere
1987 in the chain of expanding the property. If so, the message wording
1988 will indicate that this is the problem. See "Insecure user-defined
1989 property %s".
1990 Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1992 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
1993 expression that contains the "(?{ ... })" zero-width assertion,
1994 which is unsafe. See "(?{ code })" in perlre, and perlsec.
1995 Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/
1997 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the "(?{
1998 ... })" zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the
1999 pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security
2000 risk, it is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by
2001 using the "re 'eval'" pragma or by explicitly building the pattern
2002 from an interpolated string at run time and using that in an
2003 eval(). See "(?{ code })" in perlre.
2004 Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/
2006 (F) A regular expression contained the "(?{ ... })" zero-width
2007 assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the "use re
2008 'eval'" pragma is in effect. See "(?{ code })" in perlre.
2009 EVAL without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2011 m/%s/
2012 (F) You used a pattern that nested too many EVAL calls without
2013 consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so that text is
2014 consumed.
2015 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2017 problem was discovered.
2018 Excessively long <> operator
2020 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size
2021 of a Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
2022 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into
2023 a variable and glob that.
2024 exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system
2026 (F) The "exec" function is not implemented on some systems, e.g.
2027 Catamount. See perlport.
2028 %sExecution of %s aborted due to compilation errors.
2030 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
2031 exists argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine
2033 (F) The argument to "exists" must be a hash or array element or a
2034 subroutine with an ampersand, such as:
2035 $foo{$bar}
2037 $ref->{"susie"}[12]
2038 &do_something
2039 exists argument is not a subroutine name
2041 (F) The argument to "exists" for "exists &sub" must be a subroutine
2042 name, and not a subroutine call. "exists &sub()" will generate
2043 this error.
2044 Exiting eval via %s
2046 (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such
2047 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2048 Exiting format via %s
2050 (W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such
2051 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2052 Exiting pseudo-block via %s
2054 (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like
2055 a sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a
2056 goto, or a loop control statement. See "sort" in perlfunc.
2057 Exiting subroutine via %s
2059 (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means,
2060 such as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2061 Exiting substitution via %s
2063 (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means,
2064 such as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
2065 Expecting close bracket in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2067 (F) You wrote something like
2068 (?13
2070 to denote a capturing group of the form "(?PARNO)", but omitted the
2072 ")".
2073 Expecting interpolated extended charclass in regex; marked by <-- HERE
2075 in m/%s/
2076 (F) It looked like you were attempting to interpolate an already-
2077 compiled extended character class, like so:
2078 my $thai_or_lao = qr/(?[ \p{Thai} + \p{Lao} ])/;
2080 ...
2081 qr/(?[ \p{Digit} & $thai_or_lao ])/;
2082 But the marked code isn't syntactically correct to be such an
2084 interpolated class.
2085 Experimental aliasing via reference not enabled
2087 (F) To do aliasing via references, you must first enable the
2088 feature:
2089 no warnings "experimental::refaliasing";
2091 use feature "refaliasing";
2092 \$x = \$y;
2093 Experimental %s on scalar is now forbidden
2095 (F) An experimental feature added in Perl 5.14 allowed "each",
2096 "keys", "push", "pop", "shift", "splice", "unshift", and "values"
2097 to be called with a scalar argument. This experiment is considered
2098 unsuccessful, and has been removed. The "postderef" feature may
2099 meet your needs better.
2100 Experimental subroutine signatures not enabled
2102 (F) To use subroutine signatures, you must first enable them:
2103 no warnings "experimental::signatures";
2105 use feature "signatures";
2106 sub foo ($left, $right) { ... }
2107 Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
2109 (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string.
2110 This has the effect of blessing the reference into the package
2111 main. This is usually not what you want. Consider providing a
2112 default target package, e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');
2113 %s: Expression syntax
2115 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
2116 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
2117 yourself.
2118 %s failed--call queue aborted
2120 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a UNITCHECK,
2121 CHECK, INIT, or END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the
2122 queue of such routines has been prematurely ended.
2123 Failed to close in-place work file %s: %s
2125 (F) Closing an output file from in-place editing, as with the "-i"
2126 command-line switch, failed.
2127 False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2129 (W regexp)(F) A character class range must start and end at a
2130 literal character, not another character class like "\d" or
2131 "[:alpha:]". The "-" in your false range is interpreted as a
2132 literal "-". In a "(?[...])" construct, this is an error, rather
2133 than a warning. Consider quoting the "-", "\-". The <-- HERE
2134 shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
2135 discovered. See perlre.
2136 Fatal VMS error (status=%d) at %s, line %d
2138 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS
2139 system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide
2140 more details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line
2141 %d" tell you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.
2142 fcntl is not implemented
2144 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is
2145 this, a PDP-11 or something?
2146 FETCHSIZE returned a negative value
2148 (F) A tied array claimed to have a negative number of elements,
2149 which is not possible.
2150 Field too wide in 'u' format in pack
2152 (W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string starts with a length
2153 indicator which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point
2154 in asking for a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as
2155 if you specified "u63" as the format.
2156 File::Glob::glob() will disappear in perl 5.30. Use
2158 File::Glob::bsd_glob() instead.
2159 (D deprecated) "File::Glob" has a function called "glob", which
2160 just calls "bsd_glob". However, its prototype is different from the
2161 prototype of "CORE::glob", and hence, "File::Glob::glob" should not
2162 be used.
2163 "File::Glob::glob()" was deprecated in perl 5.8.0. A deprecation
2165 message was issued from perl 5.26.0 onwards, and the function will
2166 disappear in perl 5.30.0.
2167 Code using "File::Glob::glob()" should call
2169 "File::Glob::bsd_glob()" instead.
2170 Filehandle %s opened only for input
2172 (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you
2173 intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it
2174 with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you
2175 intended only to write the file, use ">" or ">>". See "open" in
2176 perlfunc.
2177 Filehandle %s opened only for output
2179 (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing,
2180 If you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to
2181 open it with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with ">". If you
2182 intended only to read from the file, use "<". See "open" in
2183 perlfunc. Another possibility is that you attempted to open
2184 filedescriptor 0 (also known as STDIN) for output (maybe you closed
2185 STDIN earlier?).
2186 Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input
2188 (W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same
2189 filehandle id as STDOUT or STDERR. This occurred because you
2190 closed STDOUT or STDERR previously.
2191 Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output
2193 (W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same
2194 filehandle id as STDIN. This occurred because you closed STDIN
2195 previously.
2196 Final $ should be \$ or $name
2198 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant
2199 to be a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable
2200 name that happens to be missing. So you have to put either the
2201 backslash or the name.
2202 flock() on closed filehandle %s
2204 (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself
2205 closed some time before now. Check your control flow. flock()
2206 operates on filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a
2207 dirhandle by the same name?
2208 Format not terminated
2210 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot.
2211 Perl got to the end of your file without finding such a line.
2212 Format %s redefined
2214 (W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
2215 {
2217 no warnings 'redefine';
2218 eval "format NAME =...";
2219 }
2220 Found = in conditional, should be ==
2222 (W syntax) You said
2223 if ($foo = 123)
2225 when you meant
2227 if ($foo == 123)
2229 (or something like that).
2231 %s found where operator expected
2233 (S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an
2234 operator. If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was
2235 expecting to see an operator, it gives you this warning. Usually
2236 it indicates that an operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a
2237 semicolon.
2238 gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
2240 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
2241 gethostent not implemented
2243 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(),
2244 probably because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return
2245 every hostname on the Internet.
2246 get%sname() on closed socket %s
2248 (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a
2249 closed socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your
2250 socket() call?
2251 getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
2253 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to "sys$getuai" underlying
2254 the "getpwnam" operator returned an invalid UIC.
2255 getsockopt() on closed socket %s
2257 (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket.
2258 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
2259 See "getsockopt" in perlfunc.
2260 given is experimental
2262 (S experimental::smartmatch) "given" depends on smartmatch, which
2263 is experimental, so its behavior may change or even be removed in
2264 any future release of perl. See the explanation under
2265 "Experimental Details on given and when" in perlsyn.
2266 Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name (did you forget to
2268 declare "my %s"?)
2269 (F) You've said "use strict" or "use strict vars", which indicates
2270 that all variables must either be lexically scoped (using "my" or
2271 "state"), declared beforehand using "our", or explicitly qualified
2272 to say which package the global variable is in (using "::").
2273 glob failed (%s)
2275 (S glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for
2276 "glob" and "<*.c>". Usually, this means that you supplied a "glob"
2277 pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a
2278 nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit
2279 resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell)
2280 is broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related
2281 variables in config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer
2282 to it as if it were csh (e.g. "full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'");
2283 otherwise, make them all empty (except that "d_csh" should be
2284 'undef') so that Perl will think csh is missing. In either case,
2285 after editing config.sh, run "./Configure -S" and rebuild Perl.
2286 Glob not terminated
2288 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was
2289 expecting a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle
2290 bracket, and not finding it. Chances are you left some needed
2291 parentheses out earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
2292 than".
2293 gmtime(%f) failed
2295 (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that it could not
2296 handle: too large, too small, or NaN. The returned value is
2297 "undef".
2298 gmtime(%f) too large
2300 (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that was larger than
2301 it can reliably handle and "gmtime" probably returned the wrong
2302 date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special not-a-
2303 number value).
2304 gmtime(%f) too small
2306 (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that was smaller
2307 than it can reliably handle and "gmtime" probably returned the
2308 wrong date.
2309 Got an error from DosAllocMem
2311 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an
2312 obsolete version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
2313 goto must have label
2315 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
2316 unspecified destination. See "goto" in perlfunc.
2317 Goto undefined subroutine%s
2319 (F) You tried to call a subroutine with "goto &sub" syntax, but the
2320 indicated subroutine hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has
2321 since been undefined.
2322 Group name must start with a non-digit word character in regex; marked
2324 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2325 (F) Group names must follow the rules for perl identifiers, meaning
2326 they must start with a non-digit word character. A common cause of
2327 this error is using (?&0) instead of (?0). See perlre.
2328 ()-group starts with a count
2330 (F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is supposed to follow
2331 something: a template character or a ()-group. See "pack" in
2332 perlfunc.
2333 %s had compilation errors.
2335 (F) The final summary message when a "perl -c" fails.
2336 Had to create %s unexpectedly
2338 (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that
2339 ought to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and
2340 had to be created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
2341 %s has too many errors
2343 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10
2344 errors. Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
2345 Hexadecimal float: exponent overflow
2347 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a larger exponent
2348 than the floating point supports.
2349 Hexadecimal float: exponent underflow
2351 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a smaller exponent
2352 than the floating point supports. With the IEEE 754 floating
2353 point, this may also mean that the subnormals (formerly known as
2354 denormals) are being used, which may or may not be an error.
2355 Hexadecimal float: internal error (%s)
2357 (F) Something went horribly bad in hexadecimal float handling.
2358 Hexadecimal float: mantissa overflow
2360 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point literal had more bits
2361 in the mantissa (the part between the 0x and the exponent, also
2362 known as the fraction or the significand) than the floating point
2363 supports.
2364 Hexadecimal float: precision loss
2366 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point had internally more
2367 digits than could be output. This can be caused by unsupported
2368 long double formats, or by 64-bit integers not being available
2369 (needed to retrieve the digits under some configurations).
2370 Hexadecimal float: unsupported long double format
2372 (F) You have configured Perl to use long doubles but the internals
2373 of the long double format are unknown; therefore the hexadecimal
2374 float output is impossible.
2375 Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
2377 (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than
2378 2**32-1 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems.
2379 See perlport for more on portability concerns.
2380 Identifier too long
2382 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.)
2383 to about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for
2384 compound names (like $A::B). You've exceeded Perl's limits.
2385 Future versions of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary
2386 limitations.
2387 Ignoring zero length \N{} in character class in regex; marked by
2389 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2390 (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a
2391 zero-length sequence. When such an escape is used in a character
2392 class its behavior is not well defined. Check that the correct
2393 escape has been used, and the correct charname handler is in scope.
2394 Illegal %s digit '%c' ignored
2396 (W digit) Here %s is one of "binary", "octal", or "hex". You may
2397 have tried to use a digit other than one that is legal for the
2398 given type, such as only 0 and 1 for binary. For octals, this is
2399 raised only if the illegal character is an '8' or '9'. For hex,
2400 'A' - 'F' and 'a' - 'f' are legal. Interpretation of the number
2401 stopped just before the offending digit or character.
2402 Illegal binary digit '%c'
2404 (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
2405 Illegal character after '_' in prototype for %s : %s
2407 (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype
2408 declaration. The '_' in a prototype must be followed by a ';',
2409 indicating the rest of the parameters are optional, or one of '@'
2410 or '%', since those two will accept 0 or more final parameters.
2411 Illegal character \%o (carriage return)
2413 (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
2414 would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this
2415 error when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason,
2416 your version of Perl appears to have been built without this
2417 support. Talk to your Perl administrator.
2418 Illegal character following sigil in a subroutine signature
2420 (F) A parameter in a subroutine signature contained an unexpected
2421 character following the "$", "@" or "%" sigil character. Normally
2422 the sigil should be followed by the variable name or "=" etc.
2423 Perhaps you are trying use a prototype while in the scope of "use
2424 feature 'signatures'"? For example:
2425 sub foo ($$) {} # legal - a prototype
2427 use feature 'signatures;
2429 sub foo ($$) {} # illegal - was expecting a signature
2430 sub foo ($a, $b)
2431 :prototype($$) {} # legal
2432 Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s
2434 (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype
2435 declaration. Legal characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [,
2436 ], &, \, and +. Perhaps you were trying to write a subroutine
2437 signature but didn't enable that feature first ("use feature
2438 'signatures'"), so your signature was instead interpreted as a bad
2439 prototype.
2440 Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine
2442 (F) When using the "sub" keyword to construct an anonymous
2443 subroutine, you must always specify a block of code. See perlsub.
2444 Illegal declaration of subroutine %s
2446 (F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See perlsub.
2447 Illegal division by zero
2449 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong
2450 in your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against
2451 meaningless input.
2452 Illegal modulus zero
2454 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most
2455 numbers don't take to this kindly.
2456 Illegal number of bits in vec
2458 (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a
2459 power of two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).
2460 Illegal octal digit '%c'
2462 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
2463 Illegal operator following parameter in a subroutine signature
2465 (F) A parameter in a subroutine signature, was followed by
2466 something other than "=" introducing a default, "," or ")".
2467 use feature 'signatures';
2469 sub foo ($=1) {} # legal
2470 sub foo ($a = 1) {} # legal
2471 sub foo ($a += 1) {} # illegal
2472 sub foo ($a == 1) {} # illegal
2473 Illegal pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2475 (F) You wrote something like
2476 (?+foo)
2478 The "+" is valid only when followed by digits, indicating a
2480 capturing group. See "(?PARNO)".
2481 Illegal suidscript
2483 (F) The script run under suidperl was somehow illegal.
2484 Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: -%c
2486 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
2487 following switches: -[CDIMUdmtw].
2488 Illegal user-defined property name
2490 (F) You specified a Unicode-like property name in a regular
2491 expression pattern (using "\p{}" or "\P{}") that Perl knows isn't
2492 an official Unicode property, and was likely meant to be a user-
2493 defined property name, but it can't be one of those, as they must
2494 begin with either "In" or "Is". Check the spelling. See also
2495 "Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"".
2496 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
2498 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the
2499 CRTL's internal environ array, and encountered an element without
2500 the "=" delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element
2501 is ignored.
2502 Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
2504 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a
2505 logical name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate
2506 over %ENV, and didn't see the expected delimiter between key and
2507 value, so the line was ignored.
2508 (in cleanup) %s
2510 (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method
2511 raised the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually
2512 called by the system at arbitrary points during execution, and
2513 often a vast number of times, the warning is issued only once for
2514 any number of failures that would otherwise result in the same
2515 message being repeated.
2516 Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the "G_KEEPERR" flag
2518 could also result in this warning. See "G_KEEPERR" in perlcall.
2519 Incomplete expression within '(?[ ])' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2521 m/%s/
2522 (F) There was a syntax error within the "(?[ ])". This can happen
2523 if the expression inside the construct was completely empty, or if
2524 there are too many or few operands for the number of operators.
2525 Perl is not smart enough to give you a more precise indication as
2526 to what is wrong.
2527 Inconsistent hierarchy during C3 merge of class '%s': merging failed on
2529 parent '%s'
2530 (F) The method resolution order (MRO) of the given class is not
2531 C3-consistent, and you have enabled the C3 MRO for this class. See
2532 the C3 documentation in mro for more information.
2533 Indentation on line %d of here-doc doesn't match delimiter
2535 (F) You have an indented here-document where one or more of its
2536 lines have whitespace at the beginning that does not match the
2537 closing delimiter.
2538 For example, line 2 below is wrong because it does not have at
2540 least 2 spaces, but lines 1 and 3 are fine because they have at
2541 least 2:
2542 if ($something) {
2544 print <<~EOF;
2545 Line 1
2546 Line 2 not
2547 Line 3
2548 EOF
2549 }
2550 Note that tabs and spaces are compared strictly, meaning 1 tab will
2552 not match 8 spaces.
2553 Infinite recursion in regex
2555 (F) You used a pattern that references itself without consuming any
2556 input text. You should check the pattern to ensure that recursive
2557 patterns either consume text or fail.
2558 Infinite recursion in user-defined property
2560 (F) A user-defined property ("User-Defined Character Properties" in
2561 perlunicode) can depend on the definitions of other user-defined
2562 properties. If the chain of dependencies leads back to this
2563 property, infinite recursion would occur, were it not for the check
2564 that raised this error.
2565 Restructure your property definitions to avoid this.
2567 Infinite recursion via empty pattern
2569 (F) You tried to use the empty pattern inside of a regex code
2570 block, for instance "/(?{ s!!! })/", which resulted in re-executing
2571 the same pattern, which is an infinite loop which is broken by
2572 throwing an exception.
2573 Initialization of state variables in list currently forbidden
2575 (F) "state" only permits initializing a single variable, specified
2576 without parentheses. So "state $a = 42" and "state @a = qw(a b c)"
2577 are allowed, but not "state ($a) = 42" or "(state $a) = 42". To
2578 initialize more than one "state" variable, initialize them one at a
2579 time.
2580 %%s[%s] in scalar context better written as $%s[%s]
2582 (W syntax) In scalar context, you've used an array index/value
2583 slice (indicated by %) to select a single element of an array.
2584 Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).
2585 The difference is that $foo[&bar] always behaves like a scalar,
2586 both in the value it returns and when evaluating its argument,
2587 while %foo[&bar] provides a list context to its subscript, which
2588 can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript. When
2589 called in list context, it also returns the index (what &bar
2590 returns) in addition to the value.
2591 %%s{%s} in scalar context better written as $%s{%s}
2593 (W syntax) In scalar context, you've used a hash key/value slice
2594 (indicated by %) to select a single element of a hash. Generally
2595 it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $). The
2596 difference is that $foo{&bar} always behaves like a scalar, both in
2597 the value it returns and when evaluating its argument, while
2598 @foo{&bar} and provides a list context to its subscript, which can
2599 do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript. When
2600 called in list context, it also returns the key in addition to the
2601 value.
2602 Insecure dependency in %s
2604 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't
2605 like. The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running
2606 setuid or setgid, or when you specify -T to turn it on explicitly.
2607 The tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or
2608 indirectly from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your
2609 trust. If any such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you
2610 get this error. See perlsec for more information.
2611 Insecure directory in %s
2613 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2614 setgid script if $ENV{PATH} contains a directory that is writable
2615 by the world. Also, the PATH must not contain any relative
2616 directory. See perlsec.
2617 Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
2619 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2620 setgid script if any of $ENV{PATH}, $ENV{IFS}, $ENV{CDPATH},
2621 $ENV{ENV}, $ENV{BASH_ENV} or $ENV{TERM} are derived from data
2622 supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must
2623 set the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See
2624 perlsec.
2625 Insecure user-defined property %s
2627 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
2628 expression that contains a call to a user-defined character
2629 property function, i.e. "\p{IsFoo}" or "\p{InFoo}". See "User-
2630 Defined Character Properties" in perlunicode and perlsec.
2631 Integer overflow in format string for %s
2633 (F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of
2634 "printf()" or "sprintf()" are too large. The numbers must not
2635 overflow the size of integers for your architecture.
2636 Integer overflow in %s number
2638 (S overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have
2639 specified either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct()
2640 is too big for your architecture, and has been converted to a
2641 floating point number. On a 32-bit architecture the largest
2642 hexadecimal, octal or binary number representable without overflow
2643 is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or 0b11111111111111111111111111111111
2644 respectively. Note that Perl transparently promotes all numbers to
2645 a floating point representation internally--subject to loss of
2646 precision errors in subsequent operations.
2647 Integer overflow in srand
2649 (S overflow) The number you have passed to srand is too big to fit
2650 in your architecture's integer representation. The number has been
2651 replaced with the largest integer supported (0xFFFFFFFF on 32-bit
2652 architectures). This means you may be getting less randomness than
2653 you expect, because different random seeds above the maximum will
2654 return the same sequence of random numbers.
2655 Integer overflow in version
2657 Integer overflow in version %d
2658 (W overflow) Some portion of a version initialization is too large
2659 for the size of integers for your architecture. This is not a
2660 warning because there is no rational reason for a version to try
2661 and use an element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually
2662 caused by trying to use some odd mathematical operation as a
2663 version, like 100/9.
2664 Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2666 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
2667 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2668 problem was discovered.
2669 Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
2671 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of
2672 times you've called "fork" and "exec", to determine whether the
2673 current call to "exec" should affect the current script or a
2674 subprocess (see "exec LIST" in perlvms). Somehow, this count has
2675 become scrambled, so Perl is making a guess and treating this
2676 "exec" as a request to terminate the Perl script and execute the
2677 specified command.
2678 internal %<num>p might conflict with future printf extensions
2680 (S internal) Perl's internal routine that handles "printf" and
2681 "sprintf" formatting follows a slightly different set of rules when
2682 called from C or XS code. Specifically, formats consisting of
2683 digits followed by "p" (e.g., "%7p") are reserved for future use.
2684 If you see this message, then an XS module tried to call that
2685 routine with one such reserved format.
2686 Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2688 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser.
2689 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2690 problem was discovered.
2691 %s (...) interpreted as function
2693 (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list
2694 operator followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all
2695 the list operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See
2696 "Terms and List Operators (Leftward)" in perlop.
2697 In '(?...)', the '(' and '?' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2699 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2700 (F) The two-character sequence "(?" in this context in a regular
2701 expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2702 intervening between the "(" and the "?", but you separated them
2703 with whitespace.
2704 In '(*...)', the '(' and '*' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2706 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2707 (F) The two-character sequence "(*" in this context in a regular
2708 expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2709 intervening between the "(" and the "*", but you separated them.
2710 Fix the pattern and retry.
2711 Invalid %s attribute: %s
2713 (F) The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not
2714 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See attributes.
2715 Invalid %s attributes: %s
2717 (F) The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not
2718 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See attributes.
2719 Invalid character in charnames alias definition; marked by <-- HERE in
2721 '%s
2722 (F) You tried to create a custom alias for a character name, with
2723 the ":alias" option to "use charnames" and the specified character
2724 in the indicated name isn't valid. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in
2725 charnames.
2726 Invalid \0 character in %s for %s: %s\0%s
2728 (W syscalls) Embedded \0 characters in pathnames or other system
2729 call arguments produce a warning as of 5.20. The parts after the
2730 \0 were formerly ignored by system calls.
2731 Invalid character in \N{...}; marked by <-- HERE in \N{%s}
2733 (F) Only certain characters are valid for character names. The
2734 indicated one isn't. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in charnames.
2735 Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
2737 (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion.
2738 See "sprintf" in perlfunc.
2739 Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regex; marked by <-- HERE
2741 in m/%s/
2742 (W regexp)(F) The numeric escape (for example "\xHH") of value <
2743 256 didn't correspond to a single character through the conversion
2744 from the encoding specified by the encoding pragma. The escape was
2745 replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (U+FFFD) instead, except within
2746 "(?[ ])", where it is a fatal error. The <-- HERE shows
2747 whereabouts in the regular expression the escape was discovered.
2748 Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...}
2750 Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2751 m/%s/
2752 (F) The character constant represented by "..." is not a valid
2753 hexadecimal number. Either it is empty, or you tried to use a
2754 character other than 0 - 9 or A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number.
2755 Invalid module name %s with -%c option: contains single ':'
2757 (F) The module argument to perl's -m and -M command-line options
2758 cannot contain single colons in the module name, but only in the
2759 arguments after "=". In other words, -MFoo::Bar=:baz is ok, but
2760 -MFoo:Bar=baz is not.
2761 Invalid mro name: '%s'
2763 (F) You tried to "mro::set_mro("classname", "foo")" or "use mro
2764 'foo'", where "foo" is not a valid method resolution order (MRO).
2765 Currently, the only valid ones supported are "dfs" and "c3", unless
2766 you have loaded a module that is a MRO plugin. See mro and
2767 perlmroapi.
2768 Invalid negative number (%s) in chr
2770 (W utf8) You passed a negative number to "chr". Negative numbers
2771 are not valid character numbers, so it returns the Unicode
2772 replacement character (U+FFFD).
2773 Invalid number '%s' for -C option.
2775 (F) You supplied a number to the -C option that either has extra
2776 leading zeroes or overflows perl's unsigned integer representation.
2777 invalid option -D%c, use -D'' to see choices
2779 (S debugging) Perl was called with invalid debugger flags. Call
2780 perl with the -D option with no flags to see the list of acceptable
2781 values. See also "-Dletters" in perlrun.
2782 Invalid quantifier in {,} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2784 (F) The pattern looks like a {min,max} quantifier, but the min or
2785 max could not be parsed as a valid number - either it has leading
2786 zeroes, or it represents too big a number to cope with. The
2787 <-- HERE shows where in the regular expression the problem was
2788 discovered. See perlre.
2789 Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2791 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum
2792 character greater than the maximum character. One possibility is
2793 that you forgot the "{}" from your ending "\x{}" - "\x" without the
2794 curly braces can go only up to "ff". The <-- HERE shows
2795 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
2796 See perlre.
2797 Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator
2799 (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
2800 character greater than the maximum character. See perlop.
2801 Invalid reference to group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2803 (F) The capture group you specified can't possibly exist because
2804 the number you used is not within the legal range of possible
2805 values for this machine.
2806 Invalid separator character %s in attribute list
2808 (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the
2809 elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a
2810 parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too
2811 soon. See attributes.
2812 Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s
2814 (W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something
2815 other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a
2816 layer list. If the previous attribute had a parenthesised
2817 parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
2818 Invalid strict version format (%s)
2820 (F) A version number did not meet the "strict" criteria for
2821 versions. A "strict" version number is a positive decimal number
2822 (integer or decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a
2823 dotted-decimal v-string with a leading 'v' character and at least
2824 three components. The parenthesized text indicates which criteria
2825 were not met. See the version module for more details on allowed
2826 version formats.
2827 Invalid type '%s' in %s
2829 (F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type. See
2830 "pack" in perlfunc.
2831 (W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used
2833 to be silently ignored.
2834 Invalid version format (%s)
2836 (F) A version number did not meet the "lax" criteria for versions.
2837 A "lax" version number is a positive decimal number (integer or
2838 decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a dotted-decimal
2839 v-string. If the v-string has fewer than three components, it must
2840 have a leading 'v' character. Otherwise, the leading 'v' is
2841 optional. Both decimal and dotted-decimal versions may have a
2842 trailing "alpha" component separated by an underscore character
2843 after a fractional or dotted-decimal component. The parenthesized
2844 text indicates which criteria were not met. See the version module
2845 for more details on allowed version formats.
2846 Invalid version object
2848 (F) The internal structure of the version object was invalid.
2849 Perhaps the internals were modified directly in some way or an
2850 arbitrary reference was blessed into the "version" class.
2851 In '(*VERB...)', the '(' and '*' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2853 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2854 Inverting a character class which contains a multi-character sequence
2855 is illegal in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2856 (F) You wrote something like
2857 qr/\P{name=KATAKANA LETTER AINU P}/
2859 qr/[^\p{name=KATAKANA LETTER AINU P}]/
2860 This name actually evaluates to a sequence of two Katakana
2862 characters, not just a single one, and it is illegal to try to take
2863 the complement of a sequence. (Mathematically it would mean any
2864 sequence of characters from 0 to infinity in length that weren't
2865 these two in a row, and that is likely not of any real use.)
2866 (F) The two-character sequence "(*" in this context in a regular
2868 expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2869 intervening between the "(" and the "*", but you separated them.
2870 ioctl is not implemented
2872 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is
2873 pretty strange for a machine that supports C.
2874 ioctl() on unopened %s
2876 (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never
2877 opened. Check your control flow and number of arguments.
2878 IO layers (like '%s') unavailable
2880 (F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore
2881 you cannot use IO layers. To have PerlIO, Perl must be configured
2882 with 'useperlio'.
2883 IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture
2885 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,
2886 neither as a system call nor an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).
2887 '%s' is an unknown bound type in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2889 (F) You used "\b{...}" or "\B{...}" and the "..." is not known to
2890 Perl. The current valid ones are given in "\b{}, \b, \B{}, \B" in
2891 perlrebackslash.
2892 %s is forbidden - matches null string many times in regex; marked by
2894 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2895 (F) The pattern you've specified might cause the regular expression
2896 to infinite loop so it is forbidden. The <-- HERE shows
2897 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
2898 See perlre.
2899 %s() isn't allowed on :utf8 handles
2901 (F) The sysread(), recv(), syswrite() and send() operators are not
2902 allowed on handles that have the ":utf8" layer, either explicitly,
2903 or implicitly, eg., with the ":encoding(UTF-16LE)" layer.
2904 Previously sysread() and recv() currently use only the ":utf8" flag
2906 for the stream, ignoring the actual layers. Since sysread() and
2907 recv() did no UTF-8 validation they can end up creating invalidly
2908 encoded scalars.
2909 Similarly, syswrite() and send() used only the ":utf8" flag,
2911 otherwise ignoring any layers. If the flag is set, both wrote the
2912 value UTF-8 encoded, even if the layer is some different encoding,
2913 such as the example above.
2914 Ideally, all of these operators would completely ignore the ":utf8"
2916 state, working only with bytes, but this would result in silently
2917 breaking existing code.
2918 "%s" is more clearly written simply as "%s" in regex; marked by
2920 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2921 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
2922 You specified a character that has the given plainer way of writing
2924 it, and which is also portable to platforms running with different
2925 character sets.
2926 $* is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30
2928 (F) The special variable $*, deprecated in older perls, was removed
2929 in 5.10.0, is no longer supported and is a fatal error as of Perl
2930 5.30. In previous versions of perl the use of $* enabled or
2931 disabled multi-line matching within a string.
2932 Instead of using $* you should use the "/m" (and maybe "/s") regexp
2934 modifiers. You can enable "/m" for a lexical scope (even a whole
2935 file) with "use re '/m'". (In older versions: when $* was set to a
2936 true value then all regular expressions behaved as if they were
2937 written using "/m".)
2938 Use of this variable will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
2940 $# is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30
2942 (F) The special variable $#, deprecated in older perls, was removed
2943 as of 5.10.0, is no longer supported and is a fatal error as of
2944 Perl 5.30. You should use the printf/sprintf functions instead.
2945 '%s' is not a code reference
2947 (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of
2948 overload::constant needs to be a code reference. Either an
2949 anonymous subroutine, or a reference to a subroutine.
2950 '%s' is not an overloadable type
2952 (W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload
2953 package is unaware of.
2954 isa is experimental
2956 (S experimental::isa) This warning is emitted if you use the
2957 ("isa") operator. This operator is currently experimental and its
2958 behaviour may change in future releases of Perl.
2959 -i used with no filenames on the command line, reading from STDIN
2961 (S inplace) The "-i" option was passed on the command line,
2962 indicating that the script is intended to edit files in place, but
2963 no files were given. This is usually a mistake, since editing
2964 STDIN in place doesn't make sense, and can be confusing because it
2965 can make perl look like it is hanging when it is really just trying
2966 to read from STDIN. You should either pass a filename to edit, or
2967 remove "-i" from the command line. See perlrun for more details.
2968 Junk on end of regexp in regex m/%s/
2970 (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
2971 \K not permitted in lookahead/lookbehind in regex; marked by <-- HERE
2973 in m/%s/
2974 (F) Your regular expression used "\K" in a lookahead or lookbehind
2975 assertion, which currently isn't permitted.
2976 This may change in the future, see Support \K in lookarounds
2978 <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/18134>.
2979 Label not found for "last %s"
2981 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a
2982 loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called
2983 from. See "last" in perlfunc.
2984 Label not found for "next %s"
2986 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a
2987 loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called
2988 from. See "last" in perlfunc.
2989 Label not found for "redo %s"
2991 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop
2992 of that name, not even if you count where you were called from.
2993 See "last" in perlfunc.
2994 leaving effective %s failed
2996 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, switching the real and
2997 effective uids or gids failed.
2998 length/code after end of string in unpack
3000 (F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an
3001 unpack length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This
3002 results in an undefined value for the length. See "pack" in
3003 perlfunc.
3004 length() used on %s (did you mean "scalar(%s)"?)
3006 (W syntax) You used length() on either an array or a hash when you
3007 probably wanted a count of the items.
3008 Array size can be obtained by doing:
3010 scalar(@array);
3012 The number of items in a hash can be obtained by doing:
3014 scalar(keys %hash);
3016 Lexing code attempted to stuff non-Latin-1 character into Latin-1 input
3018 (F) An extension is attempting to insert text into the current
3019 parse (using lex_stuff_pvn or similar), but tried to insert a
3020 character that couldn't be part of the current input. This is an
3021 inherent pitfall of the stuffing mechanism, and one of the reasons
3022 to avoid it. Where it is necessary to stuff, stuffing only plain
3023 ASCII is recommended.
3024 Lexing code internal error (%s)
3026 (F) Lexing code supplied by an extension violated the lexer's API
3027 in a detectable way.
3028 listen() on closed socket %s
3030 (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you
3031 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
3032 "listen" in perlfunc.
3033 List form of piped open not implemented
3035 (F) On some platforms, notably Windows, the three-or-more-arguments
3036 form of "open" does not support pipes, such as "open($pipe, '|-',
3037 @args)". Use the two-argument "open($pipe, '|prog arg1 arg2...')"
3038 form instead.
3039 Literal vertical space in [] is illegal except under /x in regex;
3041 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3042 (F) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
3043 Likely you forgot the "/x" modifier or there was a typo in the
3045 pattern. For example, did you really mean to match a form-feed?
3046 If so, all the ASCII vertical space control characters are
3047 representable by escape sequences which won't present such a
3048 jarring appearance as your pattern does when displayed.
3049 \r carriage return
3051 \f form feed
3052 \n line feed
3053 \cK vertical tab
3054 %s: loadable library and perl binaries are mismatched (got handshake
3056 key %p, needed %p)
3057 (P) A dynamic loading library ".so" or ".dll" was being loaded into
3058 the process that was built against a different build of perl than
3059 the said library was compiled against. Reinstalling the XS module
3060 will likely fix this error.
3061 Locale '%s' contains (at least) the following characters which have
3063 unexpected meanings: %s The Perl program will use the expected
3064 meanings
3065 (W locale) You are using the named UTF-8 locale. UTF-8 locales are
3066 expected to have very particular behavior, which most do. This
3067 message arises when perl found some departures from the
3068 expectations, and is notifying you that the expected behavior
3069 overrides these differences. In some cases the differences are
3070 caused by the locale definition being defective, but the most
3071 common causes of this warning are when there are ambiguities and
3072 conflicts in following the Standard, and the locale has chosen an
3073 approach that differs from Perl's.
3074 One of these is because that, contrary to the claims, Unicode is
3076 not completely locale insensitive. Turkish and some related
3077 languages have two types of "I" characters. One is dotted in both
3078 upper- and lowercase, and the other is dotless in both cases.
3079 Unicode allows a locale to use either the Turkish rules, or the
3080 rules used in all other instances, where there is only one type of
3081 "I", which is dotless in the uppercase, and dotted in the lower.
3082 The perl core does not (yet) handle the Turkish case, and this
3083 message warns you of that. Instead, the Unicode::Casing module
3084 allows you to mostly implement the Turkish casing rules.
3085 The other common cause is for the characters
3087 $ + < = > ^ ` | ~
3089 These are problematic. The C standard says that these should be
3091 considered punctuation in the C locale (and the POSIX standard
3092 defers to the C standard), and Unicode is generally considered a
3093 superset of the C locale. But Unicode has added an extra category,
3094 "Symbol", and classifies these particular characters as being
3095 symbols. Most UTF-8 locales have them treated as punctuation, so
3096 that ispunct(2) returns non-zero for them. But a few locales have
3097 it return 0. Perl takes the first approach, not using "ispunct()"
3098 at all (see Note [5] in perlrecharclass), and this message is
3099 raised to notify you that you are getting Perl's approach, not the
3100 locale's.
3101 Locale '%s' may not work well.%s
3103 (W locale) You are using the named locale, which is a non-UTF-8
3104 one, and which perl has determined is not fully compatible with
3105 what it can handle. The second %s gives a reason.
3106 By far the most common reason is that the locale has characters in
3108 it that are represented by more than one byte. The only such
3109 locales that Perl can handle are the UTF-8 locales. Most likely
3110 the specified locale is a non-UTF-8 one for an East Asian language
3111 such as Chinese or Japanese. If the locale is a superset of ASCII,
3112 the ASCII portion of it may work in Perl.
3113 Some essentially obsolete locales that aren't supersets of ASCII,
3115 mainly those in ISO 646 or other 7-bit locales, such as ASMO 449,
3116 can also have problems, depending on what portions of the ASCII
3117 character set get changed by the locale and are also used by the
3118 program. The warning message lists the determinable conflicting
3119 characters.
3120 Note that not all incompatibilities are found.
3122 If this happens to you, there's not much you can do except switch
3124 to use a different locale or use Encode to translate from the
3125 locale into UTF-8; if that's impracticable, you have been warned
3126 that some things may break.
3127 This message is output once each time a bad locale is switched into
3129 within the scope of "use locale", or on the first possibly-affected
3130 operation if the "use locale" inherits a bad one. It is not raised
3131 for any operations from the POSIX module.
3132 localtime(%f) failed
3134 (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that it could not
3135 handle: too large, too small, or NaN. The returned value is
3136 "undef".
3137 localtime(%f) too large
3139 (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that was larger
3140 than it can reliably handle and "localtime" probably returned the
3141 wrong date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special
3142 not-a-number value).
3143 localtime(%f) too small
3145 (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that was smaller
3146 than it can reliably handle and "localtime" probably returned the
3147 wrong date.
3148 Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/
3150 (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which
3151 lookbehind can handle. This restriction may be eased in a future
3152 release.
3153 Lost precision when %s %f by 1
3155 (W imprecision) You attempted to increment or decrement a value by
3156 one, but the result is too large for the underlying floating point
3157 representation to store accurately. Hence, the target of "++" or
3158 "--" is increased or decreased by quite different value than one,
3159 such as zero (i.e. the target is unchanged) or two, due to
3160 rounding. Perl issues this warning because it has already switched
3161 from integers to floating point when values are too large for
3162 integers, and now even floating point is insufficient. You may
3163 wish to switch to using Math::BigInt explicitly.
3164 lstat() on filehandle%s
3166 (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean
3167 by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a
3168 fstat() instead on the filehandle.)
3169 lvalue attribute %s already-defined subroutine
3171 (W misc) Although attributes.pm allows this, turning the lvalue
3172 attribute on or off on a Perl subroutine that is already defined
3173 does not always work properly. It may or may not do what you want,
3174 depending on what code is inside the subroutine, with exact details
3175 subject to change between Perl versions. Only do this if you
3176 really know what you are doing.
3177 lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined
3179 (W misc) Using the ":lvalue" declarative syntax to make a Perl
3180 subroutine an lvalue subroutine after it has been defined is not
3181 permitted. To make the subroutine an lvalue subroutine, add the
3182 lvalue attribute to the definition, or put the "sub foo :lvalue;"
3183 declaration before the definition.
3184 See also attributes.pm.
3186 Magical list constants are not supported
3188 (F) You assigned a magical array to a stash element, and then tried
3189 to use the subroutine from the same slot. You are asking Perl to
3190 do something it cannot do, details subject to change between Perl
3191 versions.
3192 Malformed integer in [] in pack
3194 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only
3195 digits are permitted. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3196 Malformed integer in [] in unpack
3198 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only
3199 digits are permitted. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3200 Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
3202 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the
3203 form
3204 prefix1;prefix2
3206 or
3208 prefix1 prefix2
3209 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If "prefix1" is indeed a prefix
3211 of a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The
3212 error may appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
3213 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in perlos2.
3214 Malformed prototype for %s: %s
3216 (F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The
3217 syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check
3218 for obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check
3219 is run when the function is called. Perhaps the function's author
3220 was trying to write a subroutine signature but didn't enable that
3221 feature first ("use feature 'signatures'"), so the signature was
3222 instead interpreted as a bad prototype.
3223 Malformed UTF-8 character%s
3225 (S utf8)(F) Perl detected a string that should be UTF-8, but didn't
3226 comply with UTF-8 encoding rules, or represents a code point whose
3227 ordinal integer value doesn't fit into the word size of the current
3228 platform (overflows). Details as to the exact malformation are
3229 given in the variable, %s, part of the message.
3230 One possible cause is that you set the UTF8 flag yourself for data
3232 that you thought to be in UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example
3233 legacy 8-bit data). To guard against this, you can use
3234 "Encode::decode('UTF-8', ...)".
3235 If you use the ":encoding(UTF-8)" PerlIO layer for input, invalid
3237 byte sequences are handled gracefully, but if you use ":utf8", the
3238 flag is set without validating the data, possibly resulting in this
3239 error message.
3240 See also "Handling Malformed Data" in Encode.
3242 Malformed UTF-8 returned by \N{%s} immediately after '%s'
3244 (F) The charnames handler returned malformed UTF-8.
3245 Malformed UTF-8 string in "%s"
3247 (F) This message indicates a bug either in the Perl core or in XS
3248 code. Such code was trying to find out if a character, allegedly
3249 stored internally encoded as UTF-8, was of a given type, such as
3250 being punctuation or a digit. But the character was not encoded in
3251 legal UTF-8. The %s is replaced by a string that can be used by
3252 knowledgeable people to determine what the type being checked
3253 against was.
3254 Passing malformed strings was deprecated in Perl 5.18, and became
3256 fatal in Perl 5.26.
3257 Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack
3259 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3260 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3261 progress.
3262 Malformed UTF-8 string in pack
3264 (F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3265 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3266 progress.
3267 Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack
3269 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3270 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3271 progress.
3272 Malformed UTF-16 surrogate
3274 (F) Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but
3275 while doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
3276 Mandatory parameter follows optional parameter
3278 (F) In a subroutine signature, you wrote something like "$a =
3279 undef, $b", making an earlier parameter optional and a later one
3280 mandatory. Parameters are filled from left to right, so it's
3281 impossible for the caller to omit an earlier one and pass a later
3282 one. If you want to act as if the parameters are filled from right
3283 to left, declare the rightmost optional and then shuffle the
3284 parameters around in the subroutine's body.
3285 Matched non-Unicode code point 0x%X against Unicode property; may not
3287 be portable
3288 (S non_unicode) Perl allows strings to contain a superset of
3289 Unicode code points; each code point may be as large as what is
3290 storable in a signed integer on your system, but these may not be
3291 accepted by other languages/systems. This message occurs when you
3292 matched a string containing such a code point against a regular
3293 expression pattern, and the code point was matched against a
3294 Unicode property, "\p{...}" or "\P{...}". Unicode properties are
3295 only defined on Unicode code points, so the result of this match is
3296 undefined by Unicode, but Perl (starting in v5.20) treats non-
3297 Unicode code points as if they were typical unassigned Unicode
3298 ones, and matched this one accordingly. Whether a given property
3299 matches these code points or not is specified in "Properties
3300 accessible through \p{} and \P{}" in perluniprops.
3301 This message is suppressed (unless it has been made fatal) if it is
3303 immaterial to the results of the match if the code point is Unicode
3304 or not. For example, the property "\p{ASCII_Hex_Digit}" only can
3305 match the 22 characters "[0-9A-Fa-f]", so obviously all other code
3306 points, Unicode or not, won't match it. (And "\P{ASCII_Hex_Digit}"
3307 will match every code point except these 22.)
3308 Getting this message indicates that the outcome of the match
3310 arguably should have been the opposite of what actually happened.
3311 If you think that is the case, you may wish to make the
3312 "non_unicode" warnings category fatal; if you agree with Perl's
3313 decision, you may wish to turn off this category.
3314 See "Beyond Unicode code points" in perlunicode for more
3316 information.
3317 %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3319 (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop
3320 if the regular expression engine didn't specifically check for
3321 that. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
3322 problem was discovered. See perlre.
3323 Maximal count of pending signals (%u) exceeded
3325 (F) Perl aborted due to too high a number of signals pending. This
3326 usually indicates that your operating system tried to deliver
3327 signals too fast (with a very high priority), starving the perl
3328 process from resources it would need to reach a point where it can
3329 process signals safely. (See "Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)" in
3330 perlipc.)
3331 "%s" may clash with future reserved word
3333 (W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a
3334 perl4 interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned
3335 about is "use" or "my".
3336 '%' may not be used in pack
3338 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
3339 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other
3340 way. See "unpack" in perlfunc.
3341 Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
3343 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table
3344 that doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See overload.
3345 Method %s not permitted
3347 See "500 Server error".
3348 Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
3350 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been
3351 caused by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it
3352 eventually ended earlier on the current line.
3353 Misplaced _ in number
3355 (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
3356 separate two digits.
3357 Missing argument for %n in %s
3359 (F) A %n was used in a format string with no corresponding argument
3360 for perl to write the current string length to.
3361 Missing argument in %s
3363 (W missing) You called a function with fewer arguments than other
3364 arguments you supplied indicated would be needed.
3365 Currently only emitted when a printf-type format required more
3367 arguments than were supplied, but might be used in the future for
3368 other cases where we can statically determine that arguments to
3369 functions are missing, e.g. for the "pack" in perlfunc function.
3370 Missing argument to -%c
3372 (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
3373 immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
3374 Missing braces on \N{}
3376 Missing braces on \N{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3377 (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal "\N{charname}" within
3378 double-quotish context. This can also happen when there is a space
3379 (or comment) between the "\N" and the "{" in a regex with the "/x"
3380 modifier. This modifier does not change the requirement that the
3381 brace immediately follow the "\N".
3382 Missing braces on \o{}
3384 (F) A "\o" must be followed immediately by a "{" in double-quotish
3385 context.
3386 Missing comma after first argument to %s function
3388 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
3389 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
3390 Missing command in piped open
3392 (W pipe) You used the "open(FH, "| command")" or "open(FH, "command
3393 |")" construction, but the command was missing or blank.
3394 Missing control char name in \c
3396 (F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required
3397 control character name.
3398 Missing ']' in prototype for %s : %s
3400 (W illegalproto) A grouping was started with "[" but never closed
3401 with "]".
3402 Missing name in "%s sub"
3404 (F) The syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that they
3405 have a name with which they can be found.
3406 Missing $ on loop variable
3408 (F) Apparently you've been programming in csh too much. Variables
3409 are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells,
3410 where it can vary from one line to the next.
3411 (Missing operator before %s?)
3413 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
3414 message "%s found where operator expected". Often the missing
3415 operator is a comma.
3416 Missing or undefined argument to %s
3418 (F) You tried to call require or do with no argument or with an
3419 undefined value as an argument. Require expects either a package
3420 name or a file-specification as an argument; do expects a filename.
3421 See "require EXPR" in perlfunc and "do EXPR" in perlfunc.
3422 Missing right brace on \%c{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3424 (F) Missing right brace in "\x{...}", "\p{...}", "\P{...}", or
3425 "\N{...}".
3426 Missing right brace on \N{}
3428 Missing right brace on \N{} or unescaped left brace after \N
3429 (F) "\N" has two meanings.
3430 The traditional one has it followed by a name enclosed in braces,
3432 meaning the character (or sequence of characters) given by that
3433 name. Thus "\N{ASTERISK}" is another way of writing "*", valid in
3434 both double-quoted strings and regular expression patterns. In
3435 patterns, it doesn't have the meaning an unescaped "*" does.
3436 Starting in Perl 5.12.0, "\N" also can have an additional meaning
3438 (only) in patterns, namely to match a non-newline character. (This
3439 is short for "[^\n]", and like "." but is not affected by the "/s"
3440 regex modifier.)
3441 This can lead to some ambiguities. When "\N" is not followed
3443 immediately by a left brace, Perl assumes the "[^\n]" meaning.
3444 Also, if the braces form a valid quantifier such as "\N{3}" or
3445 "\N{5,}", Perl assumes that this means to match the given quantity
3446 of non-newlines (in these examples, 3; and 5 or more,
3447 respectively). In all other case, where there is a "\N{" and a
3448 matching "}", Perl assumes that a character name is desired.
3449 However, if there is no matching "}", Perl doesn't know if it was
3451 mistakenly omitted, or if "[^\n]{" was desired, and raises this
3452 error. If you meant the former, add the right brace; if you meant
3453 the latter, escape the brace with a backslash, like so: "\N\{"
3454 Missing right curly or square bracket
3456 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than
3457 closing ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the
3458 place you were last editing.
3459 (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
3461 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
3462 message "%s found where operator expected". Don't automatically
3463 put a semicolon on the previous line just because you saw this
3464 message.
3465 Modification of a read-only value attempted
3467 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
3468 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
3469 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
3470 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
3472 mod(2);
3473 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the
3475 string.
3476 Yet another way is to assign to a "foreach" loop VAR when VAR is
3478 aliased to a constant in the look LIST:
3479 $x = 1;
3481 foreach my $n ($x, 2) {
3482 $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to
3483 } # modify the 2
3484 PerlIO::scalar will also produce this message as a warning if you
3486 attempt to open a read-only scalar for writing.
3487 Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s
3489 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
3490 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the
3491 array backwards.
3492 Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s
3494 (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it
3495 couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.
3496 Module name must be constant
3498 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a
3499 "use".
3500 Module name required with -%c option
3502 (F) The "-M" or "-m" options say that Perl should load some module,
3503 but you omitted the name of the module. Consult perlrun for full
3504 details about "-M" and "-m".
3505 More than one argument to '%s' open
3507 (F) The "open" function has been asked to open multiple files.
3508 This can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that
3509 takes a list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped
3510 open mode. See "open" in perlfunc for details.
3511 mprotect for COW string %p %u failed with %d
3513 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW (see "Copy on
3514 Write" in perlguts), but a shared string buffer could not be made
3515 read-only.
3516 mprotect for %p %u failed with %d
3518 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see
3519 perlhacktips), but an op tree could not be made read-only.
3520 mprotect RW for COW string %p %u failed with %d
3522 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW (see "Copy on
3523 Write" in perlguts), but a read-only shared string buffer could not
3524 be made mutable.
3525 mprotect RW for %p %u failed with %d
3527 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see
3528 perlhacktips), but a read-only op tree could not be made mutable
3529 before freeing the ops.
3530 msg%s not implemented
3532 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
3533 Multidimensional hash lookup is disabled
3535 (F) You supplied a list of subscripts to a hash lookup under "no
3536 feature "multidimensional";", eg:
3537 $z = $foo{$x, $y};
3539 which by default acts like:
3541 $z = $foo{join($;, $x, $y)};
3543 Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
3545 (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like $foo[1,2,3].
3546 They're written like $foo[1][2][3], as in C.
3547 Multiple slurpy parameters not allowed
3549 (F) In subroutine signatures, a slurpy parameter ("@" or "%") must
3550 be the last parameter, and there must not be more than one of them;
3551 for example:
3552 sub foo ($a, @b) {} # legal
3554 sub foo ($a, @b, %) {} # invalid
3555 '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack
3557 (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did
3558 not follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value.
3559 See "pack" in perlfunc.
3560 %s must not be a named sequence in transliteration operator
3562 (F) Transliteration ("tr///" and "y///") transliterates individual
3563 characters. But a named sequence by definition is more than an
3564 individual character, and hence doing this operation on it doesn't
3565 make sense.
3566 "my sub" not yet implemented
3568 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't
3569 try that yet.
3570 "my" subroutine %s can't be in a package
3572 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't
3573 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
3574 front.
3575 "my %s" used in sort comparison
3577 (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort
3578 comparisons. You used $a or $b in as an operand to the "<=>" or
3579 "cmp" operator inside a sort comparison block, and the variable had
3580 earlier been declared as a lexical variable. Either qualify the
3581 sort variable with the package name, or rename the lexical
3582 variable.
3583 "my" variable %s can't be in a package
3585 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't
3586 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
3587 front. Use local() if you want to localize a package variable.
3588 Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
3590 (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable
3591 names. If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then
3592 just mention it again somehow to suppress the message. The "our"
3593 declaration is also provided for this purpose.
3594 NOTE: This warning detects package symbols that have been used only
3596 once. This means lexical variables will never trigger this
3597 warning. It also means that all of the package variables $c, @c,
3598 %c, as well as *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or
3599 format) are considered the same; if a program uses $c only once but
3600 also uses any of the others it will not trigger this warning.
3601 Symbols beginning with an underscore and symbols using special
3602 identifiers (q.v. perldata) are exempt from this warning.
3603 Need exactly 3 octal digits in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3605 (F) Within "(?[ ])", all constants interpreted as octal need to
3606 be exactly 3 digits long. This helps catch some ambiguities. If
3607 your constant is too short, add leading zeros, like
3608 (?[ [ \078 ] ]) # Syntax error!
3610 (?[ [ \0078 ] ]) # Works
3611 (?[ [ \007 8 ] ]) # Clearer
3612 The maximum number this construct can express is "\777". If you
3614 need a larger one, you need to use \o{} instead. If you meant two
3615 separate things, you need to separate them:
3616 (?[ [ \7776 ] ]) # Syntax error!
3618 (?[ [ \o{7776} ] ]) # One meaning
3619 (?[ [ \777 6 ] ]) # Another meaning
3620 (?[ [ \777 \006 ] ]) # Still another
3621 Negative '/' count in unpack
3623 (F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation
3624 was negative. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3625 Negative length
3627 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
3628 length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
3629 Negative offset to vec in lvalue context
3631 (F) When "vec" is called in an lvalue context, the second argument
3632 must be greater than or equal to zero.
3633 Negative repeat count does nothing
3635 (W numeric) You tried to execute the "x" repetition operator fewer
3636 than 0 times, which doesn't make sense.
3637 Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3639 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening
3640 parentheses. So things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The
3641 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
3642 was discovered.
3643 Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, "*?", "+?", and "??"
3645 appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See perlre.
3646 %s never introduced
3648 (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went
3649 out of scope before it could possibly have been used.
3650 next::method/next::can/maybe::next::method cannot find enclosing method
3652 (F) "next::method" needs to be called within the context of a real
3653 method in a real package, and it could not find such a context.
3654 See mro.
3655 \N in a character class must be a named character: \N{...} in regex;
3657 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3658 (F) The new (as of Perl 5.12) meaning of "\N" as "[^\n]" is not
3659 valid in a bracketed character class, for the same reason that "."
3660 in a character class loses its specialness: it matches almost
3661 everything, which is probably not what you want.
3662 \N{} here is restricted to one character in regex; marked by <-- HERE
3664 in m/%s/
3665 (F) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a multi-
3666 character sequence. Even though a character class is supposed to
3667 match just one character of input, perl will match the whole thing
3668 correctly, except under certain conditions. These currently are
3669 When the class is inverted ("[^...]")
3671 The mathematically logical behavior for what matches when
3672 inverting is very different from what people expect, so we have
3673 decided to forbid it.
3674 The escape is the beginning or final end point of a range
3676 Similarly unclear is what should be generated when the
3677 "\N{...}" is used as one of the end points of the range, such
3678 as in
3679 [\x{41}-\N{ARABIC SEQUENCE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH AE}]
3681 What is meant here is unclear, as the "\N{...}" escape is a
3683 sequence of code points, so this is made an error.
3684 In a regex set
3686 The syntax "(?[ ])" in a regular expression yields a list of
3687 single code points, none can be a sequence.
3688 No %s allowed while running setuid
3690 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid
3691 or setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking
3692 there will be another way to do what you want that is, if not
3693 secure, at least securable. See perlsec.
3694 No code specified for -%c
3696 (F) Perl's -e and -E command-line options require an argument. If
3697 you want to run an empty program, pass the empty string as a
3698 separate argument or run a program consisting of a single 0 or 1:
3699 perl -e ""
3701 perl -e0
3702 perl -e1
3703 No comma allowed after %s
3705 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is
3706 not allowed to have a comma between that and the following
3707 arguments. Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
3708 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a
3710 constant to your name space with use or import while no such
3711 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating
3712 system does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you
3713 did use an explicit import list for the constants you expect to
3714 see; please see "use" in perlfunc and "import" in perlfunc. While
3715 an explicit import list would probably have caught this error
3716 earlier it naturally does not remedy the fact that your operating
3717 system still does not support that constant. Maybe you have a typo
3718 in the constants of the symbol import list of use or import or in
3719 the constant name at the line where this error was triggered?
3720 No command into which to pipe on command line
3722 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3723 redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it
3724 doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command.
3725 No DB::DB routine defined
3727 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch,
3728 but for some reason the current debugger (e.g. perl5db.pl or a
3729 "Devel::" module) didn't define a routine to be called at the
3730 beginning of each statement.
3731 No dbm on this machine
3733 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine
3734 should supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See
3735 SDBM_File.
3736 No DB::sub routine defined
3738 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch,
3739 but for some reason the current debugger (e.g. perl5db.pl or a
3740 "Devel::" module) didn't define a "DB::sub" routine to be called at
3741 the beginning of each ordinary subroutine call.
3742 No digits found for %s literal
3744 (F) No hexadecimal digits were found following "0x" or no binary
3745 digits were found following "0b".
3746 No directory specified for -I
3748 (F) The -I command-line switch requires a directory name as part of
3749 the same argument. Use -Ilib, for instance. -I lib won't work.
3750 No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
3752 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3753 redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but
3754 can't find the name of the file to which to write data destined for
3755 stderr.
3756 No group ending character '%c' found in template
3758 (F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its
3759 matching counterpart. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3760 No input file after < on command line
3762 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3763 redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find
3764 the name of the file from which to read data for stdin.
3765 No next::method '%s' found for %s
3767 (F) "next::method" found no further instances of this method name
3768 in the remaining packages of the MRO of this class. If you don't
3769 want it throwing an exception, use "maybe::next::method" or
3770 "next::can". See mro.
3771 Non-finite repeat count does nothing
3773 (W numeric) You tried to execute the "x" repetition operator "Inf"
3774 (or "-Inf") or "NaN" times, which doesn't make sense.
3775 Non-hex character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3777 (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-hexadecimal character
3778 where a hex one was expected, like
3779 (?[ [ \xDG ] ])
3781 (?[ [ \x{DEKA} ] ])
3782 Non-hex character '%c' terminates \x early. Resolved as "%s"
3784 (W digit) In parsing a hexadecimal numeric constant, a character
3785 was unexpectedly encountered that isn't hexadecimal. The resulting
3786 value is as indicated.
3787 Note that, within braces, every character starting with the first
3789 non-hexadecimal up to the ending brace is ignored.
3790 Non-octal character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3792 (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-octal character where
3793 an octal one was expected, like
3794 (?[ [ \o{1278} ] ])
3796 Non-octal character '%c' terminates \o early. Resolved as "%s"
3798 (W digit) In parsing an octal numeric constant, a character was
3799 unexpectedly encountered that isn't octal. The resulting value is
3800 as indicated.
3801 When not using "\o{...}", you wrote something like "\08", or "\179"
3803 in a double-quotish string. The resolution is as indicated, with
3804 all but the last digit treated as a single character, specified in
3805 octal. The last digit is the next character in the string. To
3806 tell Perl that this is indeed what you want, you can use the "\o{
3807 }" syntax, or use exactly three digits to specify the octal for the
3808 character.
3809 Note that, within braces, every character starting with the first
3811 non-octal up to the ending brace is ignored.
3812 "no" not allowed in expression
3814 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time,
3815 and returns no useful value. See perlmod.
3816 Non-string passed as bitmask
3818 (W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to
3819 select(). Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor
3820 bitmasks for select. See "select" in perlfunc.
3821 No output file after > on command line
3823 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3824 redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line,
3825 so it doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout.
3826 No output file after > or >> on command line
3828 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3829 redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but
3830 can't find the name of the file to which to write data destined for
3831 stdout.
3832 No package name allowed for subroutine %s in "our"
3834 No package name allowed for variable %s in "our"
3835 (F) Fully qualified subroutine and variable names are not allowed
3836 in "our" declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under
3837 existing rules. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions.
3838 No Perl script found in input
3840 (F) You called "perl -x", but no line was found in the file
3841 beginning with #! and containing the word "perl".
3842 No setregid available
3844 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call
3845 for your system.
3846 No setreuid available
3848 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call
3849 for your system.
3850 No such class %s
3852 (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state"
3853 declaration, but this class doesn't exist at this point in your
3854 program.
3855 No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
3857 (F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated
3858 typed variable but that key is not allowed by the package of the
3859 same type. The indicated package has restricted the set of allowed
3860 keys using the fields pragma.
3861 No such hook: %s
3863 (F) You specified a signal hook that was not recognized by Perl.
3864 Currently, Perl accepts "__DIE__" and "__WARN__" as valid signal
3865 hooks.
3866 No such pipe open
3868 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose()
3869 tried to close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have
3870 been caught earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
3871 No such signal: SIG%s
3873 (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that
3874 was not recognized. Say "kill -l" in your shell to see the valid
3875 signal names on your system.
3876 No Unicode property value wildcard matches:
3878 (W regexp) You specified a wildcard for a Unicode property value,
3879 but there is no property value in the current Unicode release that
3880 matches it. Check your spelling.
3881 Not a CODE reference
3883 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that
3884 is, a subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead.
3885 You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it
3886 really was. See also perlref.
3887 Not a GLOB reference
3889 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that
3890 is, a symbol table entry that looks like *foo), but found a
3891 reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3892 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3893 Not a HASH reference
3895 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but
3896 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3897 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3898 '#' not allowed immediately following a sigil in a subroutine signature
3900 (F) In a subroutine signature definition, a comment following a
3901 sigil ("$", "@" or "%"), needs to be separated by whitespace or a
3902 comma etc., in particular to avoid confusion with the $# variable.
3903 For example:
3904 # bad
3906 sub f ($# ignore first arg
3907 , $b) {}
3908 # good
3909 sub f ($, # ignore first arg
3910 $b) {}
3911 Not an ARRAY reference
3913 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but
3914 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3915 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3916 Not a SCALAR reference
3918 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but
3919 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3920 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3921 Not a subroutine reference
3923 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that
3924 is, a subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead.
3925 You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it
3926 really was. See also perlref.
3927 Not a subroutine reference in overload table
3929 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table
3930 that doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See overload.
3931 Not enough arguments for %s
3933 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
3934 Not enough format arguments
3936 (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next
3937 line supplied. See perlform.
3938 %s: not found
3940 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
3941 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
3942 into Perl yourself.
3943 no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
3945 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local
3946 timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is
3947 equivalent to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name
3948 SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL to translate to the number of seconds
3949 which need to be added to UTC to get local time.
3950 NULL OP IN RUN
3952 (S debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
3953 pointer.
3954 Null picture in formline
3956 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
3957 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
3958 supplied it an uninitialized value. See perlform.
3959 Null realloc
3961 (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
3962 NULL regexp argument
3964 (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
3965 NULL regexp parameter
3967 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
3968 Number too long
3970 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs
3971 to about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future
3972 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation.
3973 In the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead
3974 of "1_000_000").
3975 Number with no digits
3977 (F) Perl was looking for a number but found nothing that looked
3978 like a number. This happens, for example with "\o{}", with no
3979 number between the braces.
3980 Numeric format result too large
3982 (F) The length of the result of a numeric format supplied to
3983 sprintf() or printf() would have been too large for the underlying
3984 C function to report. This limit is typically 2GB.
3985 Numeric variables with more than one digit may not start with '0'
3987 (F) The only numeric variable which is allowed to start with a 0 is
3988 $0, and you mentioned a variable that starts with 0 that has more
3989 than one digit. You probably want to remove the leading 0, or if
3990 the intent was to express a variable name in octal you should
3991 convert to decimal.
3992 Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable
3994 (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
3995 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
3996 perlport for more on portability concerns.
3997 Odd name/value argument for subroutine '%s'
3999 (F) A subroutine using a slurpy hash parameter in its signature
4000 received an odd number of arguments to populate the hash. It
4001 requires the arguments to be paired, with the same number of keys
4002 as values. The caller of the subroutine is presumably at fault.
4003 The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
4005 If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
4006 will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used.
4007 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant
4009 (W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number
4010 of arguments. The arguments should come in pairs.
4011 Odd number of elements in anonymous hash
4013 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a
4014 hash, which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
4015 Odd number of elements in hash assignment
4017 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a
4018 hash, which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
4019 Offset outside string
4021 (F)(W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation
4022 with an offset pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to
4023 imagine. The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will
4024 take place when going past the end of the string when either
4025 "sysread()"ing a file, or when seeking past the end of a scalar
4026 opened for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the
4027 behavior with real files).
4028 Old package separator used in string
4030 (W syntax) You used the old package separator, "'", in a variable
4031 named inside a double-quoted string; e.g., "In $name's house".
4032 This is equivalent to "In $name::s house". If you meant the
4033 former, put a backslash before the apostrophe ("In $name\'s
4034 house").
4035 %s() on unopened %s
4037 (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that
4038 was never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a
4039 socket() call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
4040 -%s on unopened filehandle %s
4042 (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a
4043 filehandle that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also
4044 "-X" in perlfunc.
4045 oops: oopsAV
4047 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
4048 oops: oopsHV
4050 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
4051 Operand with no preceding operator in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4053 m/%s/
4054 (F) You wrote something like
4055 (?[ \p{Digit} \p{Thai} ])
4057 There are two operands, but no operator giving how you want to
4059 combine them.
4060 Operation "%s": no method found, %s
4062 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for
4063 which no handler was defined. While some handlers can be
4064 autogenerated in terms of other handlers, there is no default
4065 handler for any operation, unless the "fallback" overloading key is
4066 specified to be true. See overload.
4067 Operation "%s" returns its argument for non-Unicode code point 0x%X
4069 (S non_unicode) You performed an operation requiring Unicode rules
4070 on a code point that is not in Unicode, so what it should do is not
4071 defined. Perl has chosen to have it do nothing, and warn you.
4072 If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive
4074 matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
4075 If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by "no
4077 warnings 'non_unicode';".
4078 Operation "%s" returns its argument for UTF-16 surrogate U+%X
4080 (S surrogate) You performed an operation requiring Unicode rules on
4081 a Unicode surrogate. Unicode frowns upon the use of surrogates for
4082 anything but storing strings in UTF-16, but rules are (reluctantly)
4083 defined for the surrogates, and they are to do nothing for this
4084 operation. Because the use of surrogates can be dangerous, Perl
4085 warns.
4086 If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive
4088 matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
4089 If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by "no
4091 warnings 'surrogate';".
4092 Operator or semicolon missing before %s
4094 (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the
4095 parser was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you
4096 really meant to use an operator, but this is highly likely to be
4097 incorrect. For example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be
4098 interpreted as if you said "*foo * 'foo'".
4099 Optional parameter lacks default expression
4101 (F) In a subroutine signature, you wrote something like "$a =",
4102 making a named optional parameter without a default value. A
4103 nameless optional parameter is permitted to have no default value,
4104 but a named one must have a specific default. You probably want
4105 "$a = undef".
4106 "our" variable %s redeclared
4108 (W shadow) You seem to have already declared the same global once
4109 before in the current lexical scope.
4110 Out of memory!
4112 (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
4113 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
4114 request. Perl has no option but to exit immediately.
4115 At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing
4117 your process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use "limit" and "limit
4118 datasize n" (where "n" is the number of kilobytes) to check the
4119 current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use "ulimit -a"
4120 and "ulimit -d n", respectively.
4121 Out of memory during %s extend
4123 (X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string
4124 beyond the largest possible memory allocation.
4125 Out of memory during "large" request for %s
4127 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
4128 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
4129 request. However, the request was judged large enough (compile-
4130 time default is 64K), so a possibility to shut down by trapping
4131 this error is granted.
4132 Out of memory during request for %s
4134 (X)(F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
4135 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
4136 request.
4137 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
4139 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not
4140 trappable. However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the
4141 contents of $^M as an emergency pool after die()ing with this
4142 message. In this case the error is trappable once, and the error
4143 message will include the line and file where the failed request
4144 happened.
4145 Out of memory during ridiculously large request
4147 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This
4148 error is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program.
4149 e.g., $arr[time] instead of $arr[$time].
4150 Out of memory for yacc stack
4152 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue
4153 parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
4154 otherwise.
4155 '.' outside of string in pack
4157 (F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the
4158 working position to before the start of the packed string being
4159 built.
4160 '@' outside of string in unpack
4162 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
4163 the string being unpacked. See "pack" in perlfunc.
4164 '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack
4166 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
4167 the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also
4168 invalid UTF-8. See "pack" in perlfunc.
4169 overload arg '%s' is invalid
4171 (W overload) The overload pragma was passed an argument it did not
4172 recognize. Did you mistype an operator?
4173 Overloaded dereference did not return a reference
4175 (F) An object with an overloaded dereference operator was
4176 dereferenced, but the overloaded operation did not return a
4177 reference. See overload.
4178 Overloaded qr did not return a REGEXP
4180 (F) An object with a "qr" overload was used as part of a match, but
4181 the overloaded operation didn't return a compiled regexp. See
4182 overload.
4183 %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
4185 (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
4186 package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl
4187 itself some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should
4188 use a mixed-case attribute name, instead. See attributes.
4189 pack/unpack repeat count overflow
4191 (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows
4192 your signed integers. See "pack" in perlfunc.
4193 page overflow
4195 (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on
4196 a page. See perlform.
4197 panic: %s
4199 (P) An internal error.
4200 panic: attempt to call %s in %s
4202 (P) One of the file test operators entered a code branch that calls
4203 an ACL related-function, but that function is not available on this
4204 platform. Earlier checks mean that it should not be possible to
4205 enter this branch on this platform.
4206 panic: child pseudo-process was never scheduled
4208 (P) A child pseudo-process in the ithreads implementation on
4209 Windows was not scheduled within the time period allowed and
4210 therefore was not able to initialize properly.
4211 panic: ck_grep, type=%u
4213 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
4214 panic: corrupt saved stack index %ld
4216 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values
4217 than there are in the savestack.
4218 panic: del_backref
4220 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a
4221 weak reference.
4222 panic: do_subst
4224 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid
4225 operational data.
4226 panic: do_trans_%s
4228 (P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid
4229 operational data.
4230 panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d
4232 (P) While attempting folding constants an exception other than an
4233 "eval" failure was caught.
4234 panic: frexp: %f
4236 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f")
4237 impossible.
4238 panic: goto, type=%u, ix=%ld
4240 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified
4241 label, and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a
4242 goto in.
4243 panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer
4245 (P) The internal routine used to clear a typeglob's entries tried
4246 repeatedly, but each time something re-created entries in the glob.
4247 Most likely the glob contains an object with a reference back to
4248 the glob and a destructor that adds a new object to the glob.
4249 panic: INTERPCASEMOD, %s
4251 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
4252 panic: INTERPCONCAT, %s
4254 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
4255 panic: kid popen errno read
4257 (F) A forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its
4258 errno.
4259 panic: last, type=%u
4261 (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then
4262 discovered it wasn't a block context.
4263 panic: leave_scope clearsv
4265 (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the
4266 scope.
4267 panic: leave_scope inconsistency %u
4269 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
4270 invalid enum on the top of it.
4271 panic: magic_killbackrefs
4273 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all
4274 weak references to an object.
4275 panic: malloc, %s
4277 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
4278 panic: memory wrap
4280 (P) Something tried to allocate either more memory than possible or
4281 a negative amount.
4282 panic: pad_alloc, %p!=%p
4284 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4285 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4286 panic: pad_free curpad, %p!=%p
4288 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4289 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4290 panic: pad_free po
4292 (P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally. An attempt
4293 was made to free a target that had not been allocated to begin
4294 with.
4295 panic: pad_reset curpad, %p!=%p
4297 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4298 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4299 panic: pad_sv po
4301 (P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally. Most likely
4302 an operator needed a target but that target had not been allocated
4303 for whatever reason.
4304 panic: pad_swipe curpad, %p!=%p
4306 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4307 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4308 panic: pad_swipe po
4310 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
4311 panic: pp_iter, type=%u
4313 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
4314 panic: pp_match%s
4316 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid
4317 operational data.
4318 panic: realloc, %s
4320 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
4321 panic: reference miscount on nsv in sv_replace() (%d != 1)
4323 (P) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with a
4324 reference count other than 1.
4325 panic: restartop in %s
4327 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it),
4328 and didn't supply the destination.
4329 panic: return, type=%u
4331 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context,
4332 and then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
4333 panic: scan_num, %s
4335 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
4336 panic: Sequence (?{...}): no code block found in regex m/%s/
4338 (P) While compiling a pattern that has embedded (?{}) or (??{})
4339 code blocks, perl couldn't locate the code block that should have
4340 already been seen and compiled by perl before control passed to the
4341 regex compiler.
4342 panic: strxfrm() gets absurd - a => %u, ab => %u
4344 (P) The interpreter's sanity check of the C function strxfrm()
4345 failed. In your current locale the returned transformation of the
4346 string "ab" is shorter than that of the string "a", which makes no
4347 sense.
4348 panic: sv_chop %s
4350 (P) The sv_chop() routine was passed a position that is not within
4351 the scalar's string buffer.
4352 panic: sv_insert, midend=%p, bigend=%p
4354 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than
4355 there was string.
4356 panic: top_env
4358 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like
4359 that.
4360 panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called
4362 (P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that
4363 isn't permitted at run time.
4364 panic: unknown OA_*: %x
4366 (P) The internal routine that handles arguments to "&CORE::foo()"
4367 subroutine calls was unable to determine what type of arguments
4368 were expected.
4369 panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
4371 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
4372 to even) byte length.
4373 panic: utf16_to_utf8_reversed: odd bytelen
4375 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8_reversed with an odd (as
4376 opposed to even) byte length.
4377 panic: yylex, %s
4379 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case
4380 modifier.
4381 Parentheses missing around "%s" list
4383 (W parenthesis) You said something like
4384 my $foo, $bar = @_;
4386 when you meant
4388 my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
4390 Remember that "my", "our", "local" and "state" bind tighter than
4392 comma.
4393 Parsing code internal error (%s)
4395 (F) Parsing code supplied by an extension violated the parser's API
4396 in a detectable way.
4397 Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change exceeded limit in regex
4399 (F) You used a pattern that uses too many nested subpattern calls
4400 without consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so text is
4401 consumed before the nesting limit is exceeded.
4402 "-p" destination: %s
4404 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the
4405 "-p" command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless
4406 you've redirected it with select().)
4407 Perl API version %s of %s does not match %s
4409 (F) The XS module in question was compiled against a different
4410 incompatible version of Perl than the one that has loaded the XS
4411 module.
4412 Perl folding rules are not up-to-date for 0x%X; please use the perlbug
4414 utility to report; in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4415 (S regexp) You used a regular expression with case-insensitive
4416 matching, and there is a bug in Perl in which the built-in regular
4417 expression folding rules are not accurate. This may lead to
4418 incorrect results. Please report this as a bug to
4419 <https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues>.
4420 PerlIO layer ':win32' is experimental
4422 (S experimental::win32_perlio) The ":win32" PerlIO layer is
4423 experimental. If you want to take the risk of using this layer,
4424 simply disable this warning:
4425 no warnings "experimental::win32_perlio";
4427 Perl_my_%s() not available
4429 (F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size, so
4430 it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order
4431 conversion functions. This is only a problem when you're using the
4432 '<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates. See "pack" in
4433 perlfunc.
4434 Perl %s required (did you mean %s?)--this is only %s, stopped
4436 (F) The code you are trying to run has asked for a newer version of
4437 Perl than you are running. Perhaps "use 5.10" was written instead
4438 of "use 5.010" or "use v5.10". Without the leading "v", the number
4439 is interpreted as a decimal, with every three digits after the
4440 decimal point representing a part of the version number. So 5.10
4441 is equivalent to v5.100.
4442 Perl %s required--this is only %s, stopped
4444 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
4445 recent than the currently running version. How long has it been
4446 since you upgraded, anyway? See "require" in perlfunc.
4447 PERL_SH_DIR too long
4449 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to
4450 find the "sh"-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in perlos2.
4451 PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s"
4453 (X) See "PERL_SIGNALS" in perlrun for legal values.
4454 Perls since %s too modern--this is %s, stopped
4456 (F) The code you are trying to run claims it will not run on the
4457 version of Perl you are using because it is too new. Maybe the
4458 code needs to be updated, or maybe it is simply wrong and the
4459 version check should just be removed.
4460 perl: warning: Non hex character in '$ENV{PERL_HASH_SEED}', seed only
4462 partially set
4463 (S) PERL_HASH_SEED should match /^\s*(?:0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]+\s*\z/ but
4464 it contained a non hex character. This could mean you are not
4465 using the hash seed you think you are.
4466 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
4468 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
4469 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
4471 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
4472 LC_ALL = "En_US",
4473 LANG = (unset)
4474 are supported and installed on your system.
4475 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
4476 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above
4478 the settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no
4479 value. This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your
4480 operating system supplier and/or system administrator have set up
4481 the so-called locale system but Perl could not use those settings.
4482 This was not dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale"
4483 called "C" that Perl can and will use, and the script will be run.
4484 Before you really fix the problem, however, you will get the same
4485 error message each time you run Perl. How to really fix the
4486 problem can be found in perllocale section LOCALE PROBLEMS.
4487 perl: warning: strange setting in '$ENV{PERL_PERTURB_KEYS}': '%s'
4489 (S) Perl was run with the environment variable PERL_PERTURB_KEYS
4490 defined but containing an unexpected value. The legal values of
4491 this setting are as follows.
4492 Numeric | String | Result
4494 --------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
4495 0 | NO | Disables key traversal randomization
4496 1 | RANDOM | Enables full key traversal randomization
4497 2 | DETERMINISTIC | Enables repeatable key traversal
4498 | | randomization
4499 Both numeric and string values are accepted, but note that string
4501 values are case sensitive. The default for this setting is
4502 "RANDOM" or 1.
4503 pid %x not a child
4505 (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait
4506 for a process which isn't a subprocess of the current process.
4507 While this is fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what
4508 you intended.
4509 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack
4511 (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*".
4512 POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4514 (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The
4515 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
4516 was discovered. Note that the POSIX character classes do not have
4517 the "is" prefix the corresponding C interfaces have: in other
4518 words, it's "[[:print:]]", not "isprint". See perlre.
4519 POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
4521 (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument,
4522 unlike the BSD version, which takes a pid.
4523 POSIX syntax [%c %c] belongs inside character classes%s in regex;
4525 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4526 (W regexp) Perl thinks that you intended to write a POSIX character
4527 class, but didn't use enough brackets. These POSIX class
4528 constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go inside character classes,
4529 the [] are part of the construct, for example:
4530 "qr/[012[:alpha:]345]/". What the regular expression pattern
4531 compiled to is probably not what you were intending. For example,
4532 "qr/[:alpha:]/" compiles to a regular bracketed character class
4533 consisting of the four characters ":", "a", "l", "h", and "p".
4534 To specify the POSIX class, it should have been written
4535 "qr/[[:alpha:]]/".
4536 Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently implemented; they are
4538 simply placeholders for future extensions and will cause fatal
4539 errors. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression
4540 the problem was discovered. See perlre.
4541 If the specification of the class was not completely valid, the
4543 message indicates that.
4544 POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked
4546 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4547 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
4548 beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future
4549 extensions. If you need to represent those character sequences
4550 inside a regular expression character class, just quote the square
4551 brackets with the backslash: "\[." and ".\]". The <-- HERE shows
4552 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4553 See perlre.
4554 POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked
4556 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4557 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
4558 beginning with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future
4559 extensions. If you need to represent those character sequences
4560 inside a regular expression character class, just quote the square
4561 brackets with the backslash: "\[=" and "=\]". The <-- HERE shows
4562 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4563 See perlre.
4564 Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
4566 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with
4567 literal strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are
4568 instead treated as literal data. (You may have used different
4569 delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also
4570 frequently used.)
4571 You probably wrote something like this:
4573 @list = qw(
4575 a # a comment
4576 b # another comment
4577 );
4578 when you should have written this:
4580 @list = qw(
4582 a
4583 b
4584 );
4585 If you really want comments, build your list the old-fashioned way,
4587 with quotes and commas:
4588 @list = (
4590 'a', # a comment
4591 'b', # another comment
4592 );
4593 Possible attempt to separate words with commas
4595 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore
4596 commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used
4597 different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are
4598 also frequently used.)
4599 You probably wrote something like this:
4601 qw! a, b, c !;
4603 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it
4605 without commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
4606 qw! a b c !;
4608 Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
4610 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining
4611 for. Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel
4612 byte at the end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got
4613 clobbered, and Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See
4614 "ioctl" in perlfunc.
4615 Possible precedence issue with control flow operator
4617 (W syntax) There is a possible problem with the mixing of a control
4618 flow operator (e.g. "return") and a low-precedence operator like
4619 "or". Consider:
4620 sub { return $a or $b; }
4622 This is parsed as:
4624 sub { (return $a) or $b; }
4626 Which is effectively just:
4628 sub { return $a; }
4630 Either use parentheses or the high-precedence variant of the
4632 operator.
4633 Note this may be also triggered for constructs like:
4635 sub { 1 if die; }
4637 Possible precedence problem on bitwise %s operator
4639 (W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in
4640 conjunction with a numeric comparison operator, like this :
4641 if ($x & $y == 0) { ... }
4643 This expression is actually equivalent to "$x & ($y == 0)", due to
4645 the higher precedence of "==". This is probably not what you want.
4646 (If you really meant to write this, disable the warning, or,
4647 better, put the parentheses explicitly and write "$x & ($y == 0)").
4648 Possible unintended interpolation of $\ in regex
4650 (W ambiguous) You said something like "m/$\/" in a regex. The
4651 regex "m/foo$\s+bar/m" translates to: match the word 'foo', the
4652 output record separator (see "$\" in perlvar) and the letter 's'
4653 (one time or more) followed by the word 'bar'.
4654 If this is what you intended then you can silence the warning by
4656 using "m/${\}/" (for example: "m/foo${\}s+bar/").
4657 If instead you intended to match the word 'foo' at the end of the
4659 line followed by whitespace and the word 'bar' on the next line
4660 then you can use "m/$(?)\/" (for example: "m/foo$(?)\s+bar/").
4661 Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
4663 (W ambiguous) You said something like '@foo' in a double-quoted
4664 string but there was no array @foo in scope at the time. If you
4665 wanted a literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out
4666 what happened to the array you apparently lost track of.
4667 Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
4669 (S precedence) The old irregular construct
4670 open FOO || die;
4672 is now misinterpreted as
4674 open(FOO || die);
4676 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary
4678 and list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must
4679 put parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator
4680 instead of "||".
4681 Premature end of script headers
4683 See "500 Server error".
4684 printf() on closed filehandle %s
4686 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
4687 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4688 print() on closed filehandle %s
4690 (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed
4691 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4692 Process terminated by SIG%s
4694 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while
4695 *nix applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of
4696 the OS/2 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate
4697 sighandlers, see "Signals" in perlipc. See also "Process
4698 terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT" in perlos2.
4699 Prototype after '%c' for %s : %s
4701 (W illegalproto) A character follows % or @ in a prototype. This
4702 is useless, since % and @ gobble the rest of the subroutine
4703 arguments.
4704 Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
4706 (S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had
4707 previously been declared or defined with a different function
4708 prototype.
4709 Prototype not terminated
4711 (F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype
4712 definition.
4713 Prototype '%s' overridden by attribute 'prototype(%s)' in %s
4715 (W prototype) A prototype was declared in both the parentheses
4716 after the sub name and via the prototype attribute. The prototype
4717 in parentheses is useless, since it will be replaced by the
4718 prototype from the attribute before it's ever used.
4719 Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4721 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash
4722 it if you meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in
4723 the regular expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
4724 Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4726 (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max
4727 values of the {min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
4728 in the regular expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
4729 Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex
4731 Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4732 m/%s/
4733 (W regexp) Minima should be less than or equal to maxima. If you
4734 really want your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}.
4735 Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression in regex m/%s/
4737 (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place
4738 where it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try
4739 putting the quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example,
4740 the way to match "abc" provided that it is followed by three
4741 repetitions of "xyz" is "/abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/", not
4742 "/abc(?=xyz){3}/".
4743 Range iterator outside integer range
4745 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator
4746 ".." are outside the range which can be represented by integers
4747 internally. One possible workaround is to force Perl to use
4748 magical string increment by prepending "0" to your numbers.
4749 Ranges of ASCII printables should be some subset of "0-9", "A-Z", or
4751 "a-z" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4752 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
4753 Stricter rules help to find typos and other errors. Perhaps you
4755 didn't even intend a range here, if the "-" was meant to be some
4756 other character, or should have been escaped (like "\-"). If you
4757 did intend a range, the one that was used is not portable between
4758 ASCII and EBCDIC platforms, and doesn't have an obvious meaning to
4759 a casual reader.
4760 [3-7] # OK; Obvious and portable
4762 [d-g] # OK; Obvious and portable
4763 [A-Y] # OK; Obvious and portable
4764 [A-z] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4765 [a-Z] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4766 [%-.] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4767 [\x41-Z] # WRONG; Not portable; not obvious to non-geek
4768 (You can force portability by specifying a Unicode range, which
4770 means that the endpoints are specified by "\N{...}", but the
4771 meaning may still not be obvious.) The stricter rules require that
4772 ranges that start or stop with an ASCII character that is not a
4773 control have all their endpoints be the literal character, and not
4774 some escape sequence (like "\x41"), and the ranges must be all
4775 digits, or all uppercase letters, or all lowercase letters.
4776 Ranges of digits should be from the same group in regex; marked by
4778 <-- HERE in m/%s/
4779 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
4780 Stricter rules help to find typos and other errors. You included a
4782 range, and at least one of the end points is a decimal digit.
4783 Under the stricter rules, when this happens, both end points should
4784 be digits in the same group of 10 consecutive digits.
4785 readdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4787 (W io) The dirhandle you're reading from is either closed or not
4788 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4789 readline() on closed filehandle %s
4791 (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed
4792 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4793 readline() on unopened filehandle %s
4795 (W unopened) The filehandle you're reading from was never opened.
4796 Check your control flow.
4797 read() on closed filehandle %s
4799 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
4800 read() on unopened filehandle %s
4802 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never
4803 opened.
4804 Reallocation too large: %x
4806 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
4807 realloc() of freed memory ignored
4809 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that
4810 had already been freed.
4811 Recompile perl with -DDEBUGGING to use -D switch
4813 (S debugging) You can't use the -D option unless the code to
4814 produce the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails
4815 some overhead, which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
4816 Recursive call to Perl_load_module in PerlIO_find_layer
4818 (P) It is currently not permitted to load modules when creating a
4819 filehandle inside an %INC hook. This can happen with "open my $fh,
4820 '<', \$scalar", which implicitly loads PerlIO::scalar. Try loading
4821 PerlIO::scalar explicitly first.
4822 Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
4824 (F) While calculating the method resolution order (MRO) of a
4825 package, Perl believes it found an infinite loop in the @ISA
4826 hierarchy. This is a crude check that bails out after 100 levels
4827 of @ISA depth.
4828 Redundant argument in %s
4830 (W redundant) You called a function with more arguments than other
4831 arguments you supplied indicated would be needed. Currently only
4832 emitted when a printf-type format required fewer arguments than
4833 were supplied, but might be used in the future for e.g. "pack" in
4834 perlfunc.
4835 refcnt_dec: fd %d%s
4837 refcnt: fd %d%s
4838 refcnt_inc: fd %d%s
4839 (P) Perl's I/O implementation failed an internal consistency check.
4840 If you see this message, something is very wrong.
4841 Reference found where even-sized list expected
4843 (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a
4844 list with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash).
4845 This usually means that you used the anon hash constructor when you
4846 meant to use parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value pairs.
4847 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
4849 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
4850 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
4851 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
4852 Reference is already weak
4854 (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already
4855 weak. Doing so has no effect.
4856 Reference is not weak
4858 (W misc) You have attempted to unweaken a reference that is not
4859 weak. Doing so has no effect.
4860 Reference to invalid group 0 in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4862 (F) You used "\g0" or similar in a regular expression. You may
4863 refer to capturing parentheses only with strictly positive integers
4864 (normal backreferences) or with strictly negative integers
4865 (relative backreferences). Using 0 does not make sense.
4866 Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4868 (F) You used something like "\7" in your regular expression, but
4869 there are not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the
4870 expression. If you wanted to have the character with ordinal 7
4871 inserted into the regular expression, prepend zeroes to make it
4872 three digits long: "\007"
4873 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4875 problem was discovered.
4876 Reference to nonexistent named group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4878 m/%s/
4879 (F) You used something like "\k'NAME'" or "\k<NAME>" in your
4880 regular expression, but there is no corresponding named capturing
4881 parentheses such as "(?'NAME'...)" or "(?<NAME>...)". Check if the
4882 name has been spelled correctly both in the backreference and the
4883 declaration.
4884 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4886 problem was discovered.
4887 Reference to nonexistent or unclosed group in regex; marked by <-- HERE
4889 in m/%s/
4890 (F) You used something like "\g{-7}" in your regular expression,
4891 but there are not at least seven sets of closed capturing
4892 parentheses in the expression before where the "\g{-7}" was
4893 located.
4894 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4896 problem was discovered.
4897 regexp memory corruption
4899 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
4900 expression compiler gave it.
4901 Regexp modifier "/%c" may appear a maximum of twice
4903 Regexp modifier "%c" may appear a maximum of twice in regex; marked by
4904 <-- HERE in m/%s/
4905 (F) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences of the
4906 specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones.
4907 Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear after the "-" in regex; marked by
4909 <-- HERE in m/%s/
4910 (F) Turning off the given modifier has the side effect of turning
4911 on another one. Perl currently doesn't allow this. Reword the
4912 regular expression to use the modifier you want to turn on (and
4913 place it before the minus), instead of the one you want to turn
4914 off.
4915 Regexp modifier "/%c" may not appear twice
4917 Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear twice in regex; marked by <-- HERE
4918 in m/%s/
4919 (F) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences of the
4920 specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones.
4921 Regexp modifiers "/%c" and "/%c" are mutually exclusive
4923 Regexp modifiers "%c" and "%c" are mutually exclusive in regex; marked
4924 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4925 (F) The regular expression pattern had more than one of these
4926 mutually exclusive modifiers. Retain only the modifier that is
4927 supposed to be there.
4928 Regexp out of space in regex m/%s/
4930 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught
4931 it earlier.
4932 Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @#)
4934 (F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a
4935 numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never
4936 terminates. You might use ^# instead. See perlform.
4937 Replacement list is longer than search list
4939 (W misc) You have used a replacement list that is longer than the
4940 search list. So the additional elements in the replacement list
4941 are meaningless.
4942 '(*%s' requires a terminating ':' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4944 (F) You used a construct that needs a colon and pattern argument.
4945 Supply these or check that you are using the right construct.
4946 '%s' resolved to '\o{%s}%d'
4948 As of Perl 5.32, this message is no longer generated. Instead, see
4949 "Non-octal character '%c' terminates \o early. Resolved as "%s"".
4950 (W misc, regexp) You wrote something like "\08", or "\179" in a
4951 double-quotish string. All but the last digit is treated as a
4952 single character, specified in octal. The last digit is the next
4953 character in the string. To tell Perl that this is indeed what you
4954 want, you can use the "\o{ }" syntax, or use exactly three digits
4955 to specify the octal for the character.
4956 Reversed %s= operator
4958 (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The =
4959 must always come last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary
4960 operators.
4961 rewinddir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4963 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to do a rewinddir() on is either
4964 closed or not really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4965 Scalars leaked: %d
4967 (S internal) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of
4968 scalars: not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl
4969 exited. What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of
4970 course bad, especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-
4971 running.
4972 Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
4974 (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
4975 single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a
4976 scalar value (indicated by $). The difference is that $foo[&bar]
4977 always behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when
4978 evaluating its argument, while @foo[&bar] behaves like a list when
4979 you assign to it, and provides a list context to its subscript,
4980 which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
4981 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
4983 element as a list, you need to look into how references work,
4984 because Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists
4985 for you. See perlref.
4986 Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
4988 (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a
4989 single element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a
4990 scalar value (indicated by $). The difference is that $foo{&bar}
4991 always behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when
4992 evaluating its argument, while @foo{&bar} behaves like a list when
4993 you assign to it, and provides a list context to its subscript,
4994 which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
4995 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash
4997 element as a list, you need to look into how references work,
4998 because Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists
4999 for you. See perlref.
5000 Search pattern not terminated
5002 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
5003 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
5004 level. Missing the leading "$" from a variable $m may cause this
5005 error.
5006 Note that since Perl 5.10.0 a // can also be the defined-or
5008 construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code
5009 written in Perl 5.10.0 or later that uses the // as the defined-or
5010 can be misparsed by pre-5.10.0 Perls as a non-terminated search
5011 pattern.
5012 seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
5014 (W io) The dirhandle you are doing a seekdir() on is either closed
5015 or not really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
5016 %sseek() on unopened filehandle
5018 (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a
5019 filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
5020 select not implemented
5022 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
5023 Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported
5025 (F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in the
5026 current implementation.
5027 Semicolon seems to be missing
5029 (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a
5030 missing semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as
5031 a comma.
5032 semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
5034 (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate
5035 a scalar that had previously been marked as free.
5036 sem%s not implemented
5038 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
5039 send() on closed socket %s
5041 (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime
5042 before now. Check your control flow.
5043 Sequence "\c{" invalid
5045 (F) These three characters may not appear in sequence in a double-
5046 quotish context. This message is raised only on non-ASCII
5047 platforms (a different error message is output on ASCII ones). If
5048 you were intending to specify a control character with this
5049 sequence, you'll have to use a different way to specify it.
5050 Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5052 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?.
5053 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5054 problem was discovered. See perlre.
5055 Sequence (?%c...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5057 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character
5058 reserved but has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows
5059 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5060 See perlre.
5061 Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5063 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make
5064 sense. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression
5065 the problem was discovered. This may happen when using the
5066 "(?^...)" construct to tell Perl to use the default regular
5067 expression modifiers, and you redundantly specify a default
5068 modifier. For other causes, see perlre.
5069 Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex m/%s/
5071 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
5072 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. See perlre.
5073 Sequence (?&... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5075 (F) A named reference of the form "(?&...)" was missing the final
5076 closing parenthesis after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
5077 in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5078 Sequence (?%c... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5080 (F) A named group of the form "(?'...')" or "(?<...>)" was missing
5081 the final closing quote or angle bracket. The <-- HERE shows
5082 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5083 Sequence (?(%c... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5085 (F) A named reference of the form "(?('...')...)" or
5086 "(?(<...>)...)" was missing the final closing quote or angle
5087 bracket after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the
5088 regular expression the problem was discovered.
5089 Sequence (?... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5091 (F) There was no matching closing parenthesis for the '('. The
5092 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
5093 was discovered.
5094 Sequence \%s... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5096 (F) The regular expression expects a mandatory argument following
5097 the escape sequence and this has been omitted or incorrectly
5098 written.
5099 Sequence (?{...}) not terminated with ')'
5101 (F) The end of the perl code contained within the {...} must be
5102 followed immediately by a ')'.
5103 Sequence (?P>... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5105 (F) A named reference of the form "(?P>...)" was missing the final
5106 closing parenthesis after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
5107 in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5108 Sequence (?P<... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5110 (F) A named group of the form "(?P<...>')" was missing the final
5111 closing angle bracket. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the
5112 regular expression the problem was discovered.
5113 Sequence ?P=... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5115 (F) A named reference of the form "(?P=...)" was missing the final
5116 closing parenthesis after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
5117 in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
5118 Sequence (?R) not terminated in regex m/%s/
5120 (F) An "(?R)" or "(?0)" sequence in a regular expression was
5121 missing the final parenthesis.
5122 500 Server error
5124 (A) This is the error message generally seen in a browser window
5125 when trying to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The
5126 actual error text varies widely from server to server. The most
5127 frequently-seen variants are "500 Server error", "Method
5128 (something) not permitted", "Document contains no data", "Premature
5129 end of script headers", and "Did not produce a valid header".
5130 This is a CGI error, not a Perl error.
5132 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by
5134 the user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the
5135 user account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment
5136 variables (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and
5137 isn't in a location where the CGI server can't find it, basically,
5138 more or less. Please see the following for more information:
5139 https://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
5141 http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html
5142 http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/
5143 You should also look at perlfaq9.
5145 setegid() not implemented
5147 (F) You tried to assign to $), and your operating system doesn't
5148 support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5149 Configure didn't think so.
5150 seteuid() not implemented
5152 (F) You tried to assign to $>, and your operating system doesn't
5153 support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5154 Configure didn't think so.
5155 setpgrp can't take arguments
5157 (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no
5158 arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and
5159 process group ID.
5160 setrgid() not implemented
5162 (F) You tried to assign to $(, and your operating system doesn't
5163 support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5164 Configure didn't think so.
5165 setruid() not implemented
5167 (F) You tried to assign to $<, and your operating system doesn't
5168 support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
5169 Configure didn't think so.
5170 setsockopt() on closed socket %s
5172 (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket.
5173 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
5174 See "setsockopt" in perlfunc.
5175 Setting $/ to a reference to %s is forbidden
5177 (F) You assigned a reference to a scalar to $/ where the referenced
5178 item is not a positive integer. In older perls this appeared to
5179 work the same as setting it to "undef" but was in fact internally
5180 different, less efficient and with very bad luck could have
5181 resulted in your file being split by a stringified form of the
5182 reference.
5183 In Perl 5.20.0 this was changed so that it would be exactly the
5185 same as setting $/ to undef, with the exception that this warning
5186 would be thrown.
5187 You are recommended to change your code to set $/ to "undef"
5189 explicitly if you wish to slurp the file. As of Perl 5.28
5190 assigning $/ to a reference to an integer which isn't positive is a
5191 fatal error.
5192 Setting $/ to %s reference is forbidden
5194 (F) You tried to assign a reference to a non integer to $/. In
5195 older Perls this would have behaved similarly to setting it to a
5196 reference to a positive integer, where the integer was the address
5197 of the reference. As of Perl 5.20.0 this is a fatal error, to
5198 allow future versions of Perl to use non-integer refs for more
5199 interesting purposes.
5200 shm%s not implemented
5202 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
5203 !=~ should be !~
5205 (W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~. !=~ will be
5206 interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement)
5207 operators: probably not what you intended.
5208 /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
5210 (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a
5211 string, as in the first argument to "join". Perl will treat the
5212 true or false result of matching the pattern against $_ as the
5213 string, which is probably not what you had in mind.
5214 shutdown() on closed socket %s
5216 (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a
5217 bit superfluous.
5218 SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
5220 (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact,
5221 exist. Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
5222 Slab leaked from cv %p
5224 (S) If you see this message, then something is seriously wrong with
5225 the internal bookkeeping of op trees. An op tree needed to be
5226 freed after a compilation error, but could not be found, so it was
5227 leaked instead.
5228 sleep(%u) too large
5230 (W overflow) You called "sleep" with a number that was larger than
5231 it can reliably handle and "sleep" probably slept for less time
5232 than requested.
5233 Slurpy parameter not last
5235 (F) In a subroutine signature, you put something after a slurpy
5236 (array or hash) parameter. The slurpy parameter takes all the
5237 available arguments, so there can't be any left to fill later
5238 parameters.
5239 Smart matching a non-overloaded object breaks encapsulation
5241 (F) You should not use the "~~" operator on an object that does not
5242 overload it: Perl refuses to use the object's underlying structure
5243 for the smart match.
5244 Smartmatch is experimental
5246 (S experimental::smartmatch) This warning is emitted if you use the
5247 smartmatch ("~~") operator. This is currently an experimental
5248 feature, and its details are subject to change in future releases
5249 of Perl. Particularly, its current behavior is noticed for being
5250 unnecessarily complex and unintuitive, and is very likely to be
5251 overhauled.
5252 Sorry, hash keys must be smaller than 2**31 bytes
5254 (F) You tried to create a hash containing a very large key, where
5255 "very large" means that it needs at least 2 gigabytes to store.
5256 Unfortunately, Perl doesn't yet handle such large hash keys. You
5257 should reconsider your design to avoid hashing such a long string
5258 directly.
5259 sort is now a reserved word
5261 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into
5262 anymore. But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it
5263 as a filehandle.
5264 Source filters apply only to byte streams
5266 (F) You tried to activate a source filter (usually by loading a
5267 source filter module) within a string passed to "eval". This is
5268 not permitted under the "unicode_eval" feature. Consider using
5269 "evalbytes" instead. See feature.
5270 splice() offset past end of array
5272 (W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end
5273 of the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at
5274 the end of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you
5275 want, try explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array =
5276 $offset. See "splice" in perlfunc.
5277 Split loop
5279 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split
5280 shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input,
5281 which is what happened.) See "split" in perlfunc.
5282 Statement unlikely to be reached
5284 (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than
5285 a die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never
5286 returns unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use
5287 system() instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put
5288 the exec() in a block by itself.
5289 "state" subroutine %s can't be in a package
5291 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't
5292 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
5293 front.
5294 "state %s" used in sort comparison
5296 (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort
5297 comparisons. You used $a or $b in as an operand to the "<=>" or
5298 "cmp" operator inside a sort comparison block, and the variable had
5299 earlier been declared as a lexical variable. Either qualify the
5300 sort variable with the package name, or rename the lexical
5301 variable.
5302 "state" variable %s can't be in a package
5304 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't
5305 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
5306 front. Use local() if you want to localize a package variable.
5307 stat() on unopened filehandle %s
5309 (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle
5310 that was either never opened or has since been closed.
5311 Strings with code points over 0xFF may not be mapped into in-memory
5313 file handles
5314 (W utf8) You tried to open a reference to a scalar for read or
5315 append where the scalar contained code points over 0xFF. In-memory
5316 files model on-disk files and can only contain bytes.
5317 Stub found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
5319 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by
5320 importation stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but
5321 explicit calls to "can" may break this.
5322 Subroutine attributes must come before the signature
5324 (F) When subroutine signatures are enabled, any subroutine
5325 attributes must come before the signature. Note that this order was
5326 the opposite in versions 5.22..5.26. So:
5327 sub foo :lvalue ($a, $b) { ... } # 5.20 and 5.28 +
5329 sub foo ($a, $b) :lvalue { ... } # 5.22 .. 5.26
5330 Subroutine "&%s" is not available
5332 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval
5333 is attempting to capture an outer lexical subroutine that is not
5334 currently available. This can happen for one of two reasons.
5335 First, the lexical subroutine may be declared in an outer anonymous
5336 subroutine that has not yet been created. (Remember that named
5337 subs are created at compile time, while anonymous subs are created
5338 at run-time.) For example,
5339 sub { my sub a {...} sub f { \&a } }
5341 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current "a"
5343 sub, since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet.
5344 Conversely, the following won't give a warning since the anonymous
5345 subroutine has by now been created and is live:
5346 sub { my sub a {...} eval 'sub f { \&a }' }->();
5348 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a lexical
5350 subroutine that has gone out of scope, for example,
5351 sub f {
5353 my sub a {...}
5354 sub { eval '\&a' }
5355 }
5356 f()->();
5357 Here, when the '\&a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not
5359 currently being executed, so its &a is not available for capture.
5360 "%s" subroutine &%s masks earlier declaration in same %s
5362 (W shadow) A "my" or "state" subroutine has been redeclared in the
5363 current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to
5364 the previous instance. This is almost always a typographical
5365 error. Note that the earlier subroutine will still exist until the
5366 end of the scope or until all closure references to it are
5367 destroyed.
5368 Subroutine %s redefined
5370 (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning,
5371 say
5372 {
5374 no warnings 'redefine';
5375 eval "sub name { ... }";
5376 }
5377 Subroutine "%s" will not stay shared
5379 (W closure) An inner (nested) named subroutine is referencing a
5380 "my" subroutine defined in an outer named subroutine.
5381 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of the
5383 outer subroutine's lexical subroutine as it was before and during
5384 the *first* call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the
5385 first call to the outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer
5386 subroutines will no longer share a common value for the lexical
5387 subroutine. In other words, it will no longer be shared. This
5388 will especially make a difference if the lexical subroutines
5389 accesses lexical variables declared in its surrounding scope.
5390 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
5392 anonymous, using the "sub {}" syntax. When inner anonymous subs
5393 that reference lexical subroutines in outer subroutines are
5394 created, they are automatically rebound to the current values of
5395 such lexical subs.
5396 Substitution loop
5398 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a
5399 substitution shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters
5400 of input, which is what happened.) See the discussion of
5401 substitution in "Regexp Quote-Like Operators" in perlop.
5402 Substitution pattern not terminated
5404 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or
5405 s{}{} construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
5406 level. Missing the leading "$" from variable $s may cause this
5407 error.
5408 Substitution replacement not terminated
5410 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
5411 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
5412 level. Missing the leading "$" from variable $s may cause this
5413 error.
5414 substr outside of string
5416 (W substr)(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed
5417 outside of a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was
5418 larger than the length of the string. See "substr" in perlfunc.
5419 This warning is fatal if substr is used in an lvalue context (as
5420 the left hand side of an assignment or as a subroutine argument for
5421 example).
5422 sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d
5424 (P) Perl tried to force the upgrade of an SV to a type which was
5425 actually inferior to its current type.
5426 Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by
5428 <-- HERE in m/%s/
5429 (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at
5430 most two branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want
5431 one or both to contain alternation, such as using
5432 "this|that|other", enclose it in clustering parentheses:
5433 (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause)
5435 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5437 problem was discovered. See perlre.
5438 Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5440 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause)
5441 construct is not known. The condition must be one of the
5442 following:
5443 (1) (2) ... true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched
5445 (<NAME>) ('NAME') true if named capture matched
5446 (?=...) (?<=...) true if subpattern matches
5447 (?!...) (?<!...) true if subpattern fails to match
5448 (?{ CODE }) true if code returns a true value
5449 (R) true if evaluating inside recursion
5450 (R1) (R2) ... true if directly inside capture group 1, 2, etc.
5451 (R&NAME) true if directly inside named capture
5452 (DEFINE) always false; for defining named subpatterns
5453 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5455 problem was discovered. See perlre.
5456 Switch (?(condition)... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
5458 m/%s/
5459 (F) You omitted to close a (?(condition)...) block somewhere in the
5460 pattern. Add a closing parenthesis in the appropriate position.
5461 See perlre.
5462 switching effective %s is not implemented
5464 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, we cannot switch the
5465 real and effective uids or gids.
5466 syntax error
5468 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
5469 A keyword is misspelled.
5471 A semicolon is missing.
5472 A comma is missing.
5473 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
5474 An opening or closing brace is missing.
5475 A closing quote is missing.
5476 Often there will be another error message associated with the
5478 syntax error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn
5479 on -w.) The error message itself often tells you where it was in
5480 the line when it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is
5481 several tokens before this, because Perl is good at understanding
5482 random input. Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and
5483 once in a blue moon the only way to figure out what's triggering
5484 the error is to call "perl -c" repeatedly, chopping away half the
5485 program each time to see if the error went away. Sort of the
5486 cybernetic version of 20 questions.
5487 syntax error at line %d: '%s' unexpected
5489 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
5490 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
5491 into Perl yourself.
5492 syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s"
5494 (F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through
5495 a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use
5496 strict" or "my $var" or "our $var".
5497 Syntax error in (?[...]) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5499 (F) Perl could not figure out what you meant inside this construct;
5500 this notifies you that it is giving up trying.
5501 %s syntax OK
5503 (F) The final summary message when a "perl -c" succeeds.
5504 sysread() on closed filehandle %s
5506 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
5507 sysread() on unopened filehandle %s
5509 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never
5510 opened.
5511 System V %s is not implemented on this machine
5513 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
5514 "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your
5515 machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be
5516 unconfigured. Consult your system support.
5517 syswrite() on closed filehandle %s
5519 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
5520 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
5521 "-T" and "-B" not implemented on filehandles
5523 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it
5524 doesn't know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a
5525 filename instead.
5526 Target of goto is too deeply nested
5528 (F) You tried to use "goto" to reach a label that was too deeply
5529 nested for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
5530 telldir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
5532 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to telldir() is either closed or not
5533 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
5534 tell() on unopened filehandle
5536 (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle
5537 that was either never opened or has since been closed.
5538 The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia.
5540 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
5541 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because
5542 they think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least
5543 that they will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me
5544 on that, I will deny it.
5545 The experimental declared_refs feature is not enabled
5547 (F) To declare references to variables, as in "my \%x", you must
5548 first enable the feature:
5549 no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
5551 use feature "declared_refs";
5552 The %s function is unimplemented
5554 (F) The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture,
5555 according to the probings of Configure.
5556 The private_use feature is experimental
5558 (S experimental::private_use) This feature is actually a hook for
5559 future use.
5560 The regex_sets feature is experimental
5562 (S experimental::regex_sets) This warning is emitted if you use the
5563 syntax "(?[ ])" in a regular expression. The details of this
5564 feature are subject to change. If you want to use it, but know
5565 that in doing so you are taking the risk of using an experimental
5566 feature which may change in a future Perl version, you can do this
5567 to silence the warning:
5568 no warnings "experimental::regex_sets";
5570 The signatures feature is experimental
5572 (S experimental::signatures) This warning is emitted if you unwrap
5573 a subroutine's arguments using a signature. Simply suppress the
5574 warning if you want to use the feature, but know that in doing so
5575 you are taking the risk of using an experimental feature which may
5576 change or be removed in a future Perl version:
5577 no warnings "experimental::signatures";
5579 use feature "signatures";
5580 sub foo ($left, $right) { ... }
5581 The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat
5583 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic
5584 linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already
5585 went past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual
5586 filename instead.
5587 The Unicode property wildcards feature is experimental
5589 (S experimental::uniprop_wildcards) This feature is experimental
5590 and its behavior may in any future release of perl. See "Wildcards
5591 in Property Values" in perlunicode.
5592 The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables
5594 (F) This attribute was never supported on "my" or "sub"
5595 declarations.
5596 This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
5598 This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
5599 (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or
5600 delete an element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your
5601 copy of Perl wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv()
5602 function. You'll need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or
5603 redefine PERL_ENV_TABLES (see perlvms) so that the environ array
5604 isn't the target of the change to %ENV which produced the warning.
5605 This Perl has not been built with support for randomized hash key
5607 traversal but something called Perl_hv_rand_set().
5608 (F) Something has attempted to use an internal API call which
5609 depends on Perl being compiled with the default support for
5610 randomized hash key traversal, but this Perl has been compiled
5611 without it. You should report this warning to the relevant
5612 upstream party, or recompile perl with default options.
5613 This use of my() in false conditional is no longer allowed
5615 (F) You used a declaration similar to "my $x if 0". There has been
5616 a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical variable not to
5617 be cleared at scope exit when its declaration includes a false
5618 conditional. Some people have exploited this bug to achieve a kind
5619 of static variable. Since we intend to fix this bug, we don't want
5620 people relying on this behavior. You can achieve a similar static
5621 effect by declaring the variable in a separate block outside the
5622 function, eg
5623 sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
5625 becomes
5627 { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
5629 Beginning with perl 5.10.0, you can also use "state" variables to
5631 have lexicals that are initialized only once (see feature):
5632 sub f { state $x; return $x++ }
5634 This use of "my()" in a false conditional was deprecated beginning
5636 in Perl 5.10 and became a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
5637 Timeout waiting for another thread to define \p{%s}
5639 (F) The first time a user-defined property ("User-Defined Character
5640 Properties" in perlunicode) is used, its definition is looked up
5641 and converted into an internal form for more efficient handling in
5642 subsequent uses. There could be a race if two or more threads
5643 tried to do this processing nearly simultaneously. Instead, a
5644 critical section is created around this task, locking out all but
5645 one thread from doing it. This message indicates that the thread
5646 that is doing the conversion is taking an unexpectedly long time.
5647 The timeout exists solely to prevent deadlock; it's long enough
5648 that the system was likely thrashing and about to crash. There is
5649 no real remedy but rebooting.
5650 times not implemented
5652 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I
5653 suspect you're not running on Unix.
5654 "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line
5656 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
5657 -T option (or the -t option), but Perl was not invoked with -T in
5658 its command line. This is an error because, by the time Perl
5659 discovers a -T in a script, it's too late to properly taint
5660 everything from the environment. So Perl gives up.
5661 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
5663 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be
5664 fixed by editing the #! line so that the -%c option is a part of
5665 Perl's first argument: e.g. change "perl -n -%c" to "perl -%c -n".
5666 If the Perl script is being executed as "perl scriptname", then the
5668 -%c option must appear on the command line: "perl -%c scriptname".
5669 To%s: illegal mapping '%s'
5671 (F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst,
5672 uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you
5673 specified an illegal mapping. See "User-Defined Character
5674 Properties" in perlunicode.
5675 Too deeply nested ()-groups
5677 (F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep
5678 nesting level.
5679 Too few args to syscall
5681 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify
5682 the system call to call, silly dilly.
5683 Too few arguments for subroutine '%s' (got %d; expected %d)
5685 (F) A subroutine using a signature fewer arguments than required by
5686 the signature. The caller of the subroutine is presumably at
5687 fault.
5688 The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
5690 If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
5691 will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used. It will
5692 also indicate the number of arguments given and the number
5693 expected.
5694 Too few arguments for subroutine '%s' (got %d; expected at least %d)
5696 Similar to the previous message but for subroutines that accept a
5697 variable number of arguments.
5698 Too late for "-%s" option
5700 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
5701 -M, -m or -C option.
5702 In the case of -M and -m, this is an error because those options
5704 are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the "use" pragma
5705 instead.
5706 The -C option only works if it is specified on the command line as
5708 well (with the same sequence of letters or numbers following).
5709 Either specify this option on the command line, or, if your system
5710 supports it, make your script executable and run it directly
5711 instead of passing it to perl.
5712 Too late to run %s block
5714 (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time
5715 proper, when the opportunity to run them has already passed.
5716 Perhaps you are loading a file with "require" or "do" when you
5717 should be using "use" instead. Or perhaps you should put the
5718 "require" or "do" inside a BEGIN block.
5719 Too many args to syscall
5721 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
5722 Too many arguments for %s
5724 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
5725 Too many arguments for subroutine '%s' (got %d; expected %d)
5727 (F) A subroutine using a signature received more arguments than
5728 permitted by the signature. The caller of the subroutine is
5729 presumably at fault.
5730 The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
5732 If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
5733 will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used. It will
5734 also indicate the number of arguments given and the number
5735 expected.
5736 Too many arguments for subroutine '%s' (got %d; expected at most %d)
5738 Similar to the previous message but for subroutines that accept a
5739 variable number of arguments.
5740 Too many nested open parens in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5742 (F) You have exceeded the number of open "(" parentheses that
5743 haven't been matched by corresponding closing ones. This limit
5744 prevents eating up too much memory. It is initially set to 1000,
5745 but may be changed by setting "${^RE_COMPILE_RECURSION_LIMIT}" to
5746 some other value. This may need to be done in a BEGIN block before
5747 the regular expression pattern is compiled.
5748 Too many )'s
5750 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5751 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5752 yourself.
5753 Too many ('s
5755 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5756 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5757 yourself.
5758 Trailing \ in regex m/%s/
5760 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
5761 Backslash it. See perlre.
5762 Transliteration pattern not terminated
5764 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or
5765 tr[][] or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading "$" from
5766 variables $tr or $y may cause this error.
5767 Transliteration replacement not terminated
5769 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][],
5770 y/// or y[][] construct.
5771 '%s' trapped by operation mask
5773 (F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which
5774 it's disallowed. See Safe.
5775 truncate not implemented
5777 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
5778 Configure knows about.
5779 try/catch is experimental
5781 (S experimental::try) This warning is emitted if you use the "try"
5782 and "catch" syntax. This syntax is currently experimental and its
5783 behaviour may change in future releases of Perl.
5784 Type of arg %d to &CORE::%s must be %s
5786 (F) The subroutine in question in the CORE package requires its
5787 argument to be a hard reference to data of the specified type.
5788 Overloading is ignored, so a reference to an object that is not the
5789 specified type, but nonetheless has overloading to handle it, will
5790 still not be accepted.
5791 Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
5793 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
5794 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or "@{EXPR}". Hashes must be
5795 %NAME or "%{EXPR}". No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
5796 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See perlref.
5797 umask not implemented
5799 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried
5800 to use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700).
5801 Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
5803 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5804 how many execution contexts were entered and left.
5805 Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
5807 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5808 how many values were temporarily localized.
5809 Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
5811 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5812 how many blocks were entered and left.
5813 Unbalanced string table refcount: (%d) for "%s"
5815 (S internal) On exit, Perl found some strings remaining in the
5816 shared string table used for copy on write and for hash keys. The
5817 entries should have been freed, so this indicates a bug somewhere.
5818 Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
5820 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5821 how many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
5822 Undefined format "%s" called
5824 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's
5825 really in another package? See perlform.
5826 Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
5828 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.
5829 Perhaps it's in a different package? See "sort" in perlfunc.
5830 Undefined subroutine &%s called
5832 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it
5833 has since been undefined.
5834 Undefined subroutine called
5836 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been
5837 defined, or if it was, it has since been undefined.
5838 Undefined subroutine in sort
5840 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't
5841 seem to have been defined yet. See "sort" in perlfunc.
5842 Undefined top format "%s" called
5844 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's
5845 really in another package? See perlform.
5846 Undefined value assigned to typeglob
5848 (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la "*foo
5849 = undef". This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean
5850 "undef *foo".
5851 %s: Undefined variable
5853 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5854 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5855 yourself.
5856 Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here in regex; marked by
5858 <-- HERE in m/%s/
5859 (F) The simple rule to remember, if you want to match a literal "{"
5860 character (U+007B "LEFT CURLY BRACKET") in a regular expression
5861 pattern, is to escape each literal instance of it in some way.
5862 Generally easiest is to precede it with a backslash, like "\{" or
5863 enclose it in square brackets ("[{]"). If the pattern delimiters
5864 are also braces, any matching right brace ("}") should also be
5865 escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for example,
5866 qr{abc\{def\}ghi}
5868 Forcing literal "{" characters to be escaped enables the Perl
5870 language to be extended in various ways in future releases. To
5871 avoid needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is not
5872 enforced in contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions
5873 that could conflict with the use there of "{" as a literal. Those
5874 that are not potentially ambiguous do not warn; those that are do
5875 raise a non-deprecation warning.
5876 The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are:
5878 • as the first character in a pattern, or following "^"
5880 indicating to anchor the match to the beginning of a line.
5881 • as the first character following a "|" indicating alternation.
5883 • as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like
5885 /foo({bar)/
5887 /foo(?:{bar)/
5888 • as the first character following a quantifier
5890 /\s*{/
5892 Unescaped left brace in regex is passed through in regex; marked by
5894 <-- HERE in m/%s/
5895 (W regexp) The simple rule to remember, if you want to match a
5896 literal "{" character (U+007B "LEFT CURLY BRACKET") in a regular
5897 expression pattern, is to escape each literal instance of it in
5898 some way. Generally easiest is to precede it with a backslash,
5899 like "\{" or enclose it in square brackets ("[{]"). If the pattern
5900 delimiters are also braces, any matching right brace ("}") should
5901 also be escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for example,
5902 qr{abc\{def\}ghi}
5904 Forcing literal "{" characters to be escaped enables the Perl
5906 language to be extended in various ways in future releases. To
5907 avoid needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is not
5908 enforced in contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions
5909 that could conflict with the use there of "{" as a literal. Those
5910 that are not potentially ambiguous do not warn; those that are
5911 raise this warning. This makes sure that an inadvertent typo
5912 doesn't silently cause the pattern to compile to something
5913 unintended.
5914 The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are:
5916 • as the first character in a pattern, or following "^"
5918 indicating to anchor the match to the beginning of a line.
5919 • as the first character following a "|" indicating alternation.
5921 • as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like
5923 /foo({bar)/
5925 /foo(?:{bar)/
5926 • as the first character following a quantifier
5928 /\s*{/
5930 Unescaped literal '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5932 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'")
5933 Within the scope of "use re 'strict'" in a regular expression
5935 pattern, you included an unescaped "}" or "]" which was interpreted
5936 literally. These two characters are sometimes metacharacters, and
5937 sometimes literals, depending on what precedes them in the pattern.
5938 This is unlike the similar ")" which is always a metacharacter
5939 unless escaped.
5940 This action at a distance, perhaps a large distance, can lead to
5942 Perl silently misinterpreting what you meant, so when you specify
5943 that you want extra checking by "use re 'strict'", this warning is
5944 generated. If you meant the character as a literal, simply confirm
5945 that to Perl by preceding the character with a backslash, or make
5946 it into a bracketed character class (like "[}]"). If you meant it
5947 as closing a corresponding "[" or "{", you'll need to look back
5948 through the pattern to find out why that isn't happening.
5949 unexec of %s into %s failed!
5951 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local
5952 FSF representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
5953 Unexpected binary operator '%c' with no preceding operand in regex;
5955 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5956 (F) You had something like this:
5957 (?[ | \p{Digit} ])
5959 where the "|" is a binary operator with an operand on the right,
5961 but no operand on the left.
5962 Unexpected character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5964 (F) You had something like this:
5965 (?[ z ])
5967 Within "(?[ ])", no literal characters are allowed unless they are
5969 within an inner pair of square brackets, like
5970 (?[ [ z ] ])
5972 Another possibility is that you forgot a backslash. Perl isn't
5974 smart enough to figure out what you really meant.
5975 Unexpected constant lvalue entersub entry via type/targ %d:%d
5977 (P) When compiling a subroutine call in lvalue context, Perl failed
5978 an internal consistency check. It encountered a malformed op tree.
5979 Unexpected exit %u
5981 (S) exit() was called or the script otherwise finished gracefully
5982 when "PERL_EXIT_WARN" was set in "PL_exit_flags".
5983 Unexpected exit failure %d
5985 (S) An uncaught die() was called when "PERL_EXIT_WARN" was set in
5986 "PL_exit_flags".
5987 Unexpected ')' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5989 (F) You had something like this:
5990 (?[ ( \p{Digit} + ) ])
5992 The ")" is out-of-place. Something apparently was supposed to be
5994 combined with the digits, or the "+" shouldn't be there, or
5995 something like that. Perl can't figure out what was intended.
5996 Unexpected ']' with no following ')' in (?[... in regex; marked by <--
5998 HERE in m/%s/
5999 (F) While parsing an extended character class a ']' character was
6000 encountered at a point in the definition where the only legal use
6001 of ']' is to close the character class definition as part of a
6002 '])', you may have forgotten the close paren, or otherwise confused
6003 the parser.
6004 Unexpected '(' with no preceding operator in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6006 in m/%s/
6007 (F) You had something like this:
6008 (?[ \p{Digit} ( \p{Lao} + \p{Thai} ) ])
6010 There should be an operator before the "(", as there's no
6012 indication as to how the digits are to be combined with the
6013 characters in the Lao and Thai scripts.
6014 Unicode non-character U+%X is not recommended for open interchange
6016 (S nonchar) Certain codepoints, such as U+FFFE and U+FFFF, are
6017 defined by the Unicode standard to be non-characters. Those are
6018 legal codepoints, but are reserved for internal use; so,
6019 applications shouldn't attempt to exchange them. An application
6020 may not be expecting any of these characters at all, and receiving
6021 them may lead to bugs. If you know what you are doing you can turn
6022 off this warning by "no warnings 'nonchar';".
6023 This is not really a "severe" error, but it is supposed to be
6025 raised by default even if warnings are not enabled, and currently
6026 the only way to do that in Perl is to mark it as serious.
6027 Unicode property wildcard not terminated
6029 (F) A Unicode property wildcard looks like a delimited regular
6030 expression pattern (all within the braces of the enclosing
6031 "\p{...}". The closing delimtter to match the opening one was not
6032 found. If the opening one is escaped by preceding it with a
6033 backslash, the closing one must also be so escaped.
6034 Unicode string properties are not implemented in (?[...]) in regex;
6036 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6037 (F) A Unicode string property is one which expands to a sequence of
6038 multiple characters. An example is "\p{name=KATAKANA LETTER AINU
6039 P}", which is comprised of the sequence "\N{KATAKANA LETTER SMALL
6040 H}" followed by "\N{COMBINING KATAKANA-HIRAGANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND
6041 MARK}". Extended character classes, "(?[...])" currently cannot
6042 handle these.
6043 Unicode surrogate U+%X is illegal in UTF-8
6045 (S surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they
6046 are not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800
6047 and U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16.
6048 However, Perl internally allows all unsigned integer code points
6049 (up to the size limit available on your platform), including
6050 surrogates. But these can cause problems when being input or
6051 output, which is likely where this message came from. If you
6052 really really know what you are doing you can turn off this warning
6053 by "no warnings 'surrogate';".
6054 Unknown charname '%s'
6056 (F) The name you used inside "\N{}" is unknown to Perl. Check the
6057 spelling. You can say "use charnames ":loose"" to not have to be
6058 so precise about spaces, hyphens, and capitalization on standard
6059 Unicode names. (Any custom aliases that have been created must be
6060 specified exactly, regardless of whether ":loose" is used or not.)
6061 This error may also happen if the "\N{}" is not in the scope of the
6062 corresponding "use charnames".
6063 Unknown '(*...)' construct '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6065 (F) The "(*" was followed by something that the regular expression
6066 compiler does not recognize. Check your spelling.
6067 Unknown error
6069 (P) Perl was about to print an error message in $@, but the $@
6070 variable did not exist, even after an attempt to create it.
6071 Unknown locale category %d; can't set it to %s
6073 (W locale) You used a locale category that perl doesn't recognize,
6074 so it cannot carry out your request. Check that you are using a
6075 valid category. If so, see "Multi-threaded" in perllocale for
6076 advice on reporting this as a bug, and for modifying perl locally
6077 to accommodate your needs.
6078 Unknown open() mode '%s'
6080 (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
6081 of valid modes: "<", ">", ">>", "+<", "+>", "+>>", "-|", "|-",
6082 "<&", ">&".
6083 Unknown PerlIO layer "%s"
6085 (W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the
6086 Perl I/O system. (Layers take care of transforming data between
6087 external and internal representations.) Note that some layers,
6088 such as "mmap", are not supported in all environments. If your
6089 program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be
6090 the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
6091 Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
6093 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV
6094 before iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the
6095 stream of data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps
6096 trying to subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
6097 Unknown regexp modifier "/%s"
6099 (F) Alphanumerics immediately following the closing delimiter of a
6100 regular expression pattern are interpreted by Perl as modifier
6101 flags for the regex. One of the ones you specified is invalid.
6102 One way this can happen is if you didn't put in white space between
6103 the end of the regex and a following alphanumeric operator:
6104 if ($a =~ /foo/and $bar == 3) { ... }
6106 The "a" is a valid modifier flag, but the "n" is not, and raises
6108 this error. Likely what was meant instead was:
6109 if ($a =~ /foo/ and $bar == 3) { ... }
6111 Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)
6113 (W) You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma.
6114 Unknown switch condition (?(...)) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6116 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause)
6117 construct is not known. The condition must be one of the
6118 following:
6119 (1) (2) ... true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched
6121 (<NAME>) ('NAME') true if named capture matched
6122 (?=...) (?<=...) true if subpattern matches
6123 (*pla:...) (*plb:...) true if subpattern matches; also
6124 (*positive_lookahead:...)
6125 (*positive_lookbehind:...)
6126 (*nla:...) (*nlb:...) true if subpattern fails to match; also
6127 (*negative_lookahead:...)
6128 (*negative_lookbehind:...)
6129 (?{ CODE }) true if code returns a true value
6130 (R) true if evaluating inside recursion
6131 (R1) (R2) ... true if directly inside capture group 1, 2,
6132 etc.
6133 (R&NAME) true if directly inside named capture
6134 (DEFINE) always false; for defining named subpatterns
6135 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6137 problem was discovered. See perlre.
6138 Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'
6140 (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See perlrun
6141 documentation of the "-C" switch for the list of known options.
6142 Unknown Unicode option value %d
6144 (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See perlrun
6145 documentation of the "-C" switch for the list of known options.
6146 Unknown user-defined property name \p{%s}
6148 (F) You specified to use a property within the "\p{...}" which was
6149 a syntactically valid user-defined property, but no definition was
6150 found for it by the time one was required to proceed. Check your
6151 spelling. See "User-Defined Character Properties" in perlunicode.
6152 Unknown verb pattern '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6154 (F) You either made a typo or have incorrectly put a "*" quantifier
6155 after an open brace in your pattern. Check the pattern and review
6156 perlre for details on legal verb patterns.
6157 Unknown warnings category '%s'
6159 (F) An error issued by the "warnings" pragma. You specified a
6160 warnings category that is unknown to perl at this point.
6161 Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a
6163 module (e.g. "use warnings 'File::Find'"), you must have loaded
6164 this module first.
6165 Unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6167 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish
6168 to include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or
6169 put it first. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular
6170 expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
6171 Unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6173 Unmatched ) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6174 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
6175 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for
6176 finding the matching parenthesis. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
6177 in the regular expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
6178 Unmatched right %s bracket
6180 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than
6181 opening ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening
6182 bracket. As a general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to
6183 speak) near the place you were last editing.
6184 Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
6186 (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a
6187 reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or
6188 capitalize it somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might
6189 also declare it as a subroutine.
6190 Unrecognized character %s; marked by <-- HERE after %s near column %d
6192 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified
6193 character in your Perl script (or eval) near the specified column.
6194 Perhaps you tried to run a compressed script, a binary program, or
6195 a directory as a Perl program.
6196 Unrecognized escape \%c in character class in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6198 in m/%s/
6199 (F) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6200 recognized by Perl inside character classes. This is a fatal error
6201 when the character class is used within "(?[ ])".
6202 Unrecognized escape \%c in character class passed through in regex;
6204 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6205 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6206 recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was
6207 understood literally, but this may change in a future version of
6208 Perl. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6209 escape was discovered.
6210 Unrecognized escape \%c passed through
6212 (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6213 recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally, but
6214 this may change in a future version of Perl.
6215 Unrecognized escape \%s passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6217 m/%s/
6218 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
6219 recognized by Perl. The character(s) were understood literally,
6220 but this may change in a future version of Perl. The <-- HERE
6221 shows whereabouts in the regular expression the escape was
6222 discovered.
6223 Unrecognized signal name "%s"
6225 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
6226 recognized. Say "kill -l" in your shell to see the valid signal
6227 names on your system.
6228 Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)
6230 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If
6231 you think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's
6232 supplying the bad switch on your behalf.)
6233 Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
6235 (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that
6236 operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a
6237 newline, PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See
6238 "chomp" in perlfunc.
6239 Unsupported directory function "%s" called
6241 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
6242 Unsupported function %s
6244 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function,
6245 apparently. At least, Configure doesn't think so.
6246 Unsupported function fork
6248 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
6249 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different
6251 flavors of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some
6252 not. Try changing the name you call Perl by to "perl_", "perl__",
6253 and so on.
6254 Unsupported script encoding %s
6256 (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM)
6257 which declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot
6258 read.
6259 Unsupported socket function "%s" called
6261 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or
6262 at least that's what Configure thought.
6263 Unterminated '(*...' argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6265 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*...:...)" but did not
6266 terminate the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6267 Unterminated attribute list
6269 (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the
6270 start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a
6271 block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous
6272 attribute too soon. See attributes.
6273 Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list
6275 (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while
6276 parsing an attribute list, but the matching closing (right)
6277 parenthesis character was not found. You may need to add (or
6278 remove) a backslash character to get your parentheses to balance.
6279 See attributes.
6280 Unterminated compressed integer
6282 (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER
6283 compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer.
6284 See "pack" in perlfunc.
6285 Unterminated '(*...' construct in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6287 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*...)" but did not terminate
6288 the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6289 Unterminated delimiter for here document
6291 (F) This message occurs when a here document label has an initial
6292 quotation mark but the final quotation mark is missing. Perhaps
6293 you wrote:
6294 <<"foo
6296 instead of:
6298 <<"foo"
6300 Unterminated \g... pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6302 Unterminated \g{...} pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6303 (F) In a regular expression, you had a "\g" that wasn't followed by
6304 a proper group reference. In the case of "\g{", the closing brace
6305 is missing; otherwise the "\g" must be followed by an integer. Fix
6306 the pattern and retry.
6307 Unterminated <> operator
6309 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was
6310 expecting a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle
6311 bracket, and not finding it. Chances are you left some needed
6312 parentheses out earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
6313 than".
6314 Unterminated verb pattern argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6316 m/%s/
6317 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*VERB:ARG)" but did not
6318 terminate the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6319 Unterminated verb pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6321 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*VERB)" but did not terminate
6322 the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6323 untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
6325 (W untie) A copy of the object returned from "tie" (or "tied") was
6326 still valid when "untie" was called.
6327 Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)
6329 (F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments. See
6330 "FUNCTIONS" in POSIX for more information.
6331 Usage: Win32::%s(%s)
6333 (F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments. See
6334 Win32 for more information.
6335 $[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)
6337 (W syntax) You used $[ in a comparison, such as:
6338 if ($[ > 5.006) {
6340 ...
6341 }
6342 You probably meant to use $] instead. $[ is the base for indexing
6344 arrays. $] is the Perl version number in decimal.
6345 Use "%s" instead of "%s"
6347 (F) The second listed construct is no longer legal. Use the first
6348 one instead.
6349 Useless assignment to a temporary
6351 (W misc) You assigned to an lvalue subroutine, but what the
6352 subroutine returned was a temporary scalar about to be discarded,
6353 so the assignment had no effect.
6354 Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6356 m/%s/
6357 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that
6358 has no meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:
6359 if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... }
6361 must be written as
6363 if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }
6365 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6367 problem was discovered. See perlre.
6368 Useless localization of %s
6370 (W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as "local($x=10)" is
6371 legal, but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may
6372 change at some point in the future, but in the meantime such code
6373 is discouraged.
6374 Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6376 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has
6377 no meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
6378 if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
6380 must be written as
6382 if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
6384 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6386 problem was discovered. See perlre.
6387 Useless use of attribute "const"
6389 (W misc) The "const" attribute has no effect except on anonymous
6390 closure prototypes. You applied it to a subroutine via
6391 attributes.pm. This is only useful inside an attribute handler for
6392 an anonymous subroutine.
6393 Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator
6395 (W misc) You have used the /d modifier where the searchlist has the
6396 same length as the replacelist. See perlop for more information
6397 about the /d modifier.
6398 Useless use of \E
6400 (W misc) You have a \E in a double-quotish string without a "\U",
6401 "\L" or "\Q" preceding it.
6402 Useless use of greediness modifier '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6404 m/%s/
6405 (W regexp) You specified something like these:
6406 qr/a{3}?/
6408 qr/b{1,1}+/
6409 The "?" and "+" don't have any effect, as they modify whether to
6411 match more or fewer when there is a choice, and by specifying to
6412 match exactly a given numer, there is no room left for a choice.
6413 Useless use of %s in void context
6415 (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that
6416 does nothing with the return value, such as a statement that
6417 doesn't return a value from a block, or the left side of a scalar
6418 comma operator. Very often this points not to stupidity on your
6419 part, but a failure of Perl to parse your program the way you
6420 thought it would. For example, you'd get this if you mixed up your
6421 C precedence with Python precedence and said
6422 $one, $two = 1, 2;
6424 when you meant to say
6426 ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
6428 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a
6430 list reference when you should be using square or curly brackets,
6431 for example, if you say
6432 $array = (1,2);
6434 when you should have said
6436 $array = [1,2];
6438 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar
6440 value, while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is
6441 evaluated in a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma
6442 operator, which throws away the left argument, which is not what
6443 you want. See perlref for more on this.
6444 This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0
6446 or 1 since they are often used in statements like
6447 1 while sub_with_side_effects();
6449 String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned
6451 about.
6452 Useless use of (?-p) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6454 (W regexp) The "p" modifier cannot be turned off once set. Trying
6455 to do so is futile.
6456 Useless use of "re" pragma
6458 (W) You did "use re;" without any arguments. That isn't very
6459 useful.
6460 Useless use of sort in scalar context
6462 (W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in :
6463 my $x = sort @y;
6465 This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away.
6467 Useless use of %s with no values
6469 (W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no
6470 arguments apart from the array, like "push(@x)" or "unshift(@foo)".
6471 That won't usually have any effect on the array, so is completely
6472 useless. It's possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could
6473 have some effect if the array is tied to a class which implements a
6474 PUSH method. If so, you can write it as "push(@tied_array,())" to
6475 avoid this warning.
6476 "use" not allowed in expression
6478 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time,
6479 and returns no useful value. See perlmod.
6480 Use of bare << to mean <<"" is forbidden
6482 (F) You are now required to use the explicitly quoted form if you
6483 wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
6484 Use of a bare terminator was deprecated in Perl 5.000, and is a
6486 fatal error as of Perl 5.28.
6487 Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///
6489 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c
6490 modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions.
6491 Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g
6493 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but
6494 didn't use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when
6495 /g is used. (This may change in the future.)
6496 Use of code point 0x%s is not allowed; the permissible max is 0x%X
6498 Use of code point 0x%s is not allowed; the permissible max is 0x%X in
6499 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6500 (F) You used a code point that is not allowed, because it is too
6501 large. Unicode only allows code points up to 0x10FFFF, but Perl
6502 allows much larger ones. Earlier versions of Perl allowed code
6503 points above IV_MAX (0x7FFFFFF on 32-bit platforms,
6504 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF on 64-bit platforms), however, this could
6505 possibly break the perl interpreter in some constructs, including
6506 causing it to hang in a few cases.
6507 If your code is to run on various platforms, keep in mind that the
6509 upper limit depends on the platform. It is much larger on 64-bit
6510 word sizes than 32-bit ones.
6511 The use of out of range code points was deprecated in Perl 5.24,
6513 and became a fatal error in Perl 5.28.
6514 Use of each() on hash after insertion without resetting hash iterator
6516 results in undefined behavior
6517 (S internal) The behavior of "each()" after insertion is undefined;
6518 it may skip items, or visit items more than once. Consider using
6519 "keys()" instead of "each()".
6520 Use of := for an empty attribute list is not allowed
6522 (F) The construction "my $x := 42" used to parse as equivalent to
6523 "my $x : = 42" (applying an empty attribute list to $x). This
6524 construct was deprecated in 5.12.0, and has now been made a syntax
6525 error, so ":=" can be reclaimed as a new operator in the future.
6526 If you need an empty attribute list, for example in a code
6528 generator, add a space before the "=".
6529 Use of %s for non-UTF-8 locale is wrong. Assuming a UTF-8 locale
6531 (W locale) You are matching a regular expression using locale
6532 rules, and the specified construct was encountered. This construct
6533 is only valid for UTF-8 locales, which the current locale isn't.
6534 This doesn't make sense. Perl will continue, assuming a Unicode
6535 (UTF-8) locale, but the results are likely to be wrong.
6536 Use of freed value in iteration
6538 (F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop? This
6539 error is typically caused by code like the following:
6540 @a = (3,4);
6542 @a = () for (1,2,@a);
6543 You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated
6545 over. For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not
6546 do full reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such
6547 an item in the middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed
6548 value.
6549 Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split
6551 (W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a "split"
6552 operator. Since "split" always tries to match the pattern
6553 repeatedly, the "/g" has no effect.
6554 Use of "goto" to jump into a construct is deprecated
6556 (D deprecated) Using "goto" to jump from an outer scope into an
6557 inner scope is deprecated and should be avoided.
6558 This was deprecated in Perl 5.12.
6560 Use of '%s' in \p{} or \P{} is deprecated because: %s
6562 (D deprecated) Certain properties are deprecated by Unicode, and
6563 may eventually be removed from the Standard, at which time Perl
6564 will follow along. In the meantime, this message is raised to
6565 notify you.
6566 Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%s() is no longer allowed
6568 (F) As an accidental feature, "AUTOLOAD" subroutines were looked up
6569 as methods (using the @ISA hierarchy), even when the subroutines to
6570 be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g. "Foo::bar()"),
6571 not as methods (e.g. "Foo->bar()" or "$obj->bar()").
6572 This was deprecated in Perl 5.004, and was made fatal in Perl 5.28.
6574 Use of %s in printf format not supported
6576 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible
6577 from only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in
6578 Perl.
6579 Use of %s is not allowed in Unicode property wildcard subpatterns in
6581 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6582 (F) You were using a wildcard subpattern a Unicode property value,
6583 and the subpattern contained something that is illegal. Not all
6584 regular expression capabilities are legal in such subpatterns, and
6585 this is one. Rewrite your subppattern to not use the offending
6586 construct. See "Wildcards in Property Values" in perlunicode.
6587 Use of -l on filehandle%s
6589 (W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened
6590 the file it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying
6591 to look for. The operation returned "undef". Use a filename
6592 instead.
6593 Use of reference "%s" as array index
6595 (W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this
6596 probably isn't what you mean, because references in numerical
6597 context tend to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates
6598 programmer error.
6599 If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like
6601 so: $array[0+$ref]. This warning is not given for overloaded
6602 objects, however, because you can overload the numification and
6603 stringification operators and then you presumably know what you are
6604 doing.
6605 Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to %s operator
6607 is not allowed
6608 (F) You tried to use one of the string bitwise operators ("&" or
6609 "|" or "^" or "~") on a string containing a code point over 0xFF.
6610 The string bitwise operators treat their operands as strings of
6611 bytes, and values beyond 0xFF are nonsensical in this context.
6612 Certain instances became fatal in Perl 5.28; others in perl 5.32.
6614 Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to vec is
6616 forbidden
6617 (F) You tried to use "vec" on a string containing a code point over
6618 0xFF, which is nonsensical here.
6619 This became fatal in Perl 5.32.
6621 Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated
6623 (W taint, deprecated) You have supplied "system()" or "exec()" with
6624 multiple arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used
6625 to be allowed but will become a fatal error in a future version of
6626 perl. Untaint your arguments. See perlsec.
6627 Use of unassigned code point or non-standalone grapheme for a delimiter
6629 is not allowed
6630 (F) A grapheme is what appears to a native-speaker of a language to
6631 be a character. In Unicode (and hence Perl) a grapheme may
6632 actually be several adjacent characters that together form a
6633 complete grapheme. For example, there can be a base character,
6634 like "R" and an accent, like a circumflex "^", that appear when
6635 displayed to be a single character with the circumflex hovering
6636 over the "R". Perl currently allows things like that circumflex to
6637 be delimiters of strings, patterns, etc. When displayed, the
6638 circumflex would look like it belongs to the character just to the
6639 left of it. In order to move the language to be able to accept
6640 graphemes as delimiters, we cannot allow the use of delimiters
6641 which aren't graphemes by themselves. Also, a delimiter must
6642 already be assigned (or known to be never going to be assigned) to
6643 try to future-proof code, for otherwise code that works today would
6644 fail to compile if the currently unassigned delimiter ends up being
6645 something that isn't a stand-alone grapheme. Because Unicode is
6646 never going to assign non-character code points, nor code points
6647 that are above the legal Unicode maximum, those can be delimiters,
6648 and their use is legal.
6649 Use of uninitialized value%s
6651 (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already
6652 defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a
6653 mistake. To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your
6654 variables.
6655 To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell
6657 you the name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some
6658 cases it cannot do this, so it also tells you what operation you
6659 used the undefined value in. Note, however, that perl optimizes
6660 your program and the operation displayed in the warning may not
6661 necessarily appear literally in your program. For example, "that
6662 $foo" is usually optimized into ""that " . $foo", and the warning
6663 will refer to the "concatenation (.)" operator, even though there
6664 is no "." in your program.
6665 "use re 'strict'" is experimental
6667 (S experimental::re_strict) The things that are different when a
6668 regular expression pattern is compiled under 'strict' are subject
6669 to change in future Perl releases in incompatible ways. This means
6670 that a pattern that compiles today may not in a future Perl
6671 release. This warning is to alert you to that risk.
6672 Use \x{...} for more than two hex characters in regex; marked by
6674 <-- HERE in m/%s/
6675 (F) In a regular expression, you said something like
6676 (?[ [ \xBEEF ] ])
6678 Perl isn't sure if you meant this
6680 (?[ [ \x{BEEF} ] ])
6682 or if you meant this
6684 (?[ [ \x{BE} E F ] ])
6686 You need to add either braces or blanks to disambiguate.
6688 Using just the first character returned by \N{} in character class in
6690 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6691 (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes "(\N{...})" may return a
6692 multi-character sequence. Even though a character class is
6693 supposed to match just one character of input, perl will match the
6694 whole thing correctly, except when the class is inverted
6695 ("[^...]"), or the escape is the beginning or final end point of a
6696 range. For these, what should happen isn't clear at all. In these
6697 circumstances, Perl discards all but the first character of the
6698 returned sequence, which is not likely what you want.
6699 Using just the single character results returned by \p{} in (?[...]) in
6701 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6702 (W regexp) Extended character classes currently cannot handle
6703 operands that evaluate to more than one character. These are
6704 removed from the results of the expansion of the "\p{}".
6705 This situation can happen, for example, in
6707 (?[ \p{name=/KATAKANA/} ])
6709 "KATAKANA LETTER AINU P" is a legal Unicode name (technically a
6711 "named sequence"), but it is actually two characters. The above
6712 expression with match only the Unicode names containing KATAKANA
6713 that represent single characters.
6714 Using /u for '%s' instead of /%s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6716 (W regexp) You used a Unicode boundary ("\b{...}" or "\B{...}") in
6717 a portion of a regular expression where the character set modifiers
6718 "/a" or "/aa" are in effect. These two modifiers indicate an ASCII
6719 interpretation, and this doesn't make sense for a Unicode
6720 definition. The generated regular expression will compile so that
6721 the boundary uses all of Unicode. No other portion of the regular
6722 expression is affected.
6723 Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense
6725 (F) Using the "!~" operator with "s///r", "tr///r" or "y///r" is
6726 currently reserved for future use, as the exact behavior has not
6727 been decided. (Simply returning the boolean opposite of the
6728 modified string is usually not particularly useful.)
6729 UTF-16 surrogate U+%X
6731 (S surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they
6732 are not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800
6733 and U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16.
6734 However, Perl internally allows all unsigned integer code points
6735 (up to the size limit available on your platform), including
6736 surrogates. But these can cause problems when being input or
6737 output, which is likely where this message came from. If you
6738 really really know what you are doing you can turn off this warning
6739 by "no warnings 'surrogate';".
6740 Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
6742 (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*>
6743 (glob), "each()", or "readdir()" as a boolean value. Each of these
6744 constructs can return a value of "0"; that would make the
6745 conditional expression false, which is probably not what you
6746 intended. When using these constructs in conditional expressions,
6747 test their values with the "defined" operator.
6748 Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long
6750 (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value
6751 of an %ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant
6752 string longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been
6753 truncated to 1024 characters.
6754 Variable "%s" is not available
6756 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval
6757 is attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently
6758 available. This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the
6759 outer lexical may be declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that
6760 has not yet been created. (Remember that named subs are created at
6761 compile time, while anonymous subs are created at run-time.) For
6762 example,
6763 sub { my $a; sub f { $a } }
6765 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value
6767 of $a, since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet.
6768 Conversely, the following won't give a warning since the anonymous
6769 subroutine has by now been created and is live:
6770 sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->();
6772 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that
6774 has gone out of scope, for example,
6775 sub f {
6777 my $a;
6778 sub { eval '$a' }
6779 }
6780 f()->();
6781 Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not
6783 currently being executed, so its $a is not available for capture.
6784 Variable "%s" is not imported%s
6786 (S misc) With "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global
6787 variable that you apparently thought was imported from another
6788 module, because something else of the same name (usually a
6789 subroutine) is exported by that module. It usually means you put
6790 the wrong funny character on the front of your variable. It is also
6791 possible you used an "our" variable whose scope has ended.
6792 Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex m/%s/
6794 (F) This message no longer should be raised as of Perl 5.30. It is
6795 retained in this document as a convenience for people using an
6796 earlier Perl version.
6797 In Perl 5.30 and earlier, lookbehind is allowed only for
6799 subexpressions whose length is fixed and known at compile time.
6800 For positive lookbehind, you can use the "\K" regex construct as a
6801 way to get the equivalent functionality. See (?<=pattern) and \K
6802 in perlre.
6803 Starting in Perl 5.18, there are non-obvious Unicode rules under
6805 "/i" that can match variably, but which you might not think could.
6806 For example, the substring "ss" can match the single character
6807 LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S. Here's a complete list of the current
6808 ones affecting ASCII characters:
6809 ASCII
6811 sequence Matches single letter under /i
6812 FF U+FB00 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FF
6813 FFI U+FB03 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFI
6814 FFL U+FB04 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFL
6815 FI U+FB01 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FI
6816 FL U+FB02 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FL
6817 SS U+00DF LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S
6818 U+1E9E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S
6819 ST U+FB06 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE ST
6820 U+FB05 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE LONG S T
6821 This list is subject to change, but is quite unlikely to. Each
6823 ASCII sequence can be any combination of upper- and lowercase.
6824 You can avoid this by using a bracketed character class in the
6826 lookbehind assertion, like
6827 (?<![sS]t)
6829 (?<![fF]f[iI])
6830 This fools Perl into not matching the ligatures.
6832 Another option for Perls starting with 5.16, if you only care about
6834 ASCII matches, is to add the "/aa" modifier to the regex. This
6835 will exclude all these non-obvious matches, thus getting rid of
6836 this message. You can also say
6837 use if $] ge 5.016, re => '/aa';
6839 to apply "/aa" to all regular expressions compiled within its
6841 scope. See re.
6842 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
6844 (W shadow) A "my", "our" or "state" variable has been redeclared in
6845 the current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access
6846 to the previous instance. This is almost always a typographical
6847 error. Note that the earlier variable will still exist until the
6848 end of the scope or until all closure references to it are
6849 destroyed.
6850 Variable syntax
6852 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
6853 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
6854 yourself.
6855 Variable "%s" will not stay shared
6857 (W closure) An inner (nested) named subroutine is referencing a
6858 lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine.
6859 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of the
6861 outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
6862 call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to
6863 the outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines
6864 will no longer share a common value for the variable. In other
6865 words, the variable will no longer be shared.
6866 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
6868 anonymous, using the "sub {}" syntax. When inner anonymous subs
6869 that reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they are
6870 automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
6871 vector argument not supported with alpha versions
6873 (S printf) The %vd (s)printf format does not support version
6874 objects with alpha parts.
6875 Verb pattern '%s' has a mandatory argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6877 in m/%s/
6878 (F) You used a verb pattern that requires an argument. Supply an
6879 argument or check that you are using the right verb.
6880 Verb pattern '%s' may not have an argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6882 in m/%s/
6883 (F) You used a verb pattern that is not allowed an argument.
6884 Remove the argument or check that you are using the right verb.
6885 Version control conflict marker
6887 (F) The parser found a line starting with "<<<<<<<", ">>>>>>>", or
6888 "=======". These may be left by a version control system to mark
6889 conflicts after a failed merge operation.
6890 Version number must be a constant number
6892 (P) The attempt to translate a "use Module n.n LIST" statement into
6893 its equivalent "BEGIN" block found an internal inconsistency with
6894 the version number.
6895 Version string '%s' contains invalid data; ignoring: '%s'
6897 (W misc) The version string contains invalid characters at the end,
6898 which are being ignored.
6899 Warning: something's wrong
6901 (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of "warn """)
6902 or you called it with no args and $@ was empty.
6903 Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
6905 (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication
6906 on the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of
6907 disk space.
6908 Warning: unable to close filehandle properly: %s
6910 Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly: %s
6911 (S io) There were errors during the implicit close() done on a
6912 filehandle when its reference count reached zero while it was still
6913 open, e.g.:
6914 {
6916 open my $fh, '>', $file or die "open: '$file': $!\n";
6917 print $fh $data or die "print: $!";
6918 } # implicit close here
6919 Because various errors may only be detected by close() (e.g.
6921 buffering could allow the "print" in this example to return true
6922 even when the disk is full), it is dangerous to ignore its result.
6923 So when it happens implicitly, perl will signal errors by warning.
6924 Prior to version 5.22.0, perl ignored such errors, so the common
6926 idiom shown above was liable to cause silent data loss.
6927 Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
6929 (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that
6930 looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted
6931 as a term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the
6932 rand function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
6933 rand + 5;
6935 you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
6937 rand() + 5;
6939 but in actual fact, you got
6941 rand(+5);
6943 So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
6945 when is experimental
6947 (S experimental::smartmatch) "when" depends on smartmatch, which is
6948 experimental. Additionally, it has several special cases that may
6949 not be immediately obvious, and their behavior may change or even
6950 be removed in any future release of perl. See the explanation
6951 under "Experimental Details on given and when" in perlsyn.
6952 Wide character in %s
6954 (S utf8) Perl met a wide character (ordinal >255) when it wasn't
6955 expecting one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print).
6956 If this warning does come from I/O, the easiest way to quiet it is
6958 simply to add the ":utf8" layer, e.g., "binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'".
6959 Another way to turn off the warning is to add "no warnings 'utf8';"
6960 but that is often closer to cheating. In general, you are supposed
6961 to explicitly mark the filehandle with an encoding, see open and
6962 "binmode" in perlfunc.
6963 If the warning comes from other than I/O, this diagnostic probably
6965 indicates that incorrect results are being obtained. You should
6966 examine your code to determine how a wide character is getting to
6967 an operation that doesn't handle them.
6968 Wide character (U+%X) in %s
6970 (W locale) While in a single-byte locale (i.e., a non-UTF-8 one), a
6971 multi-byte character was encountered. Perl considers this
6972 character to be the specified Unicode code point. Combining
6973 non-UTF-8 locales and Unicode is dangerous. Almost certainly some
6974 characters will have two different representations. For example,
6975 in the ISO 8859-7 (Greek) locale, the code point 0xC3 represents a
6976 Capital Gamma. But so also does 0x393. This will make string
6977 comparisons unreliable.
6978 You likely need to figure out how this multi-byte character got
6980 mixed up with your single-byte locale (or perhaps you thought you
6981 had a UTF-8 locale, but Perl disagrees).
6982 Within []-length '%c' not allowed
6984 (F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by
6985 "[TEMPLATE]" only if "TEMPLATE" always matches the same amount of
6986 packed bytes that can be determined from the template alone. This
6987 is not possible if it contains any of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a
6988 *-length. Redesign the template.
6989 While trying to resolve method call %s->%s() can not locate package
6991 "%s" yet it is mentioned in @%s::ISA (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?)
6992 (W syntax) It is possible that the @ISA contains a misspelled or
6993 never loaded package name, which can result in perl choosing an
6994 unexpected parent class's method to resolve the method call. If
6995 this is deliberate you can do something like
6996 @Missing::Package::ISA = ();
6998 to silence the warnings, otherwise you should correct the package
7000 name, or ensure that the package is loaded prior to the method
7001 call.
7002 %s() with negative argument
7004 (S misc) Certain operations make no sense with negative arguments.
7005 Warning is given and the operation is not done.
7006 write() on closed filehandle %s
7008 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
7009 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
7010 %s "\x%X" does not map to Unicode
7012 (S utf8) When reading in different encodings, Perl tries to map
7013 everything into Unicode characters. The bytes you read in are not
7014 legal in this encoding. For example
7015 utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode
7017 if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8.
7019 'X' outside of string
7021 (F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position
7022 before the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See "pack" in
7023 perlfunc.
7024 'x' outside of string in unpack
7026 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position
7027 after the end of the string being unpacked. See "pack" in
7028 perlfunc.
7029 YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
7031 (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have
7032 the sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a
7033 rip about what you want. There is a vulnerability anywhere that
7034 you have a set-id script, and to close it you need to remove the
7035 set-id bit from the script that you're attempting to run. To
7036 actually run the script set-id, your best bet is to put a set-id C
7037 wrapper around your script.
7038 You need to quote "%s"
7040 (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
7041 Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared,
7042 which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the
7043 assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If
7044 it IS what you want, put an & in front.)
7045 Your random numbers are not that random
7047 (F) When trying to initialize the random seed for hashes, Perl
7048 could not get any randomness out of your system. This usually
7049 indicates Something Very Wrong.
7050 Zero length \N{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
7052 (F) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a zero-
7053 length sequence. Such an escape was used in an extended character
7054 class, i.e. "(?[...])", or under "use re 'strict'", which is not
7055 permitted. Check that the correct escape has been used, and the
7056 correct charnames handler is in scope. The <-- HERE shows
7057 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
7058
7060 warnings, diagnostics.
7061perl v5.34.1 2022-03-15 PERLDIAG(1)